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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html distros/p... |
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Date: |
Sun, 4 Jun 2017 11:58:19 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 17/06/04 11:58:19
Modified files:
distros : common-distros.zh-tw.html
distros/po : common-distros.zh-tw.po
philosophy : free-sw.zh-tw.html fs-motives.nl.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.zh-tw-en.html free-sw.zh-tw.po
fs-motives.nl.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-motives.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.nl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
Patches:
Index: distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html 30 May 2017 08:01:17 -0000 1.1
+++ distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html 4 Jun 2017 15:58:18 -0000 1.2
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Index: distros/po/common-distros.zh-tw.po
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Index: philosophy/free-sw.zh-tw.html
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-1.11</a>ã註æèªç±è¨±å¯èå¯ä»¥è¦æ±ä½ ååä½è
æä¾ä¸ä»½ææ¬ã</li>
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>1.11
+ç</a>ï¼è¨»æèªç±ææ¬æ¢æ¬¾å¯ä»¥ä¾æåä½è
è¦æ±åå
¶æä¾ä½
ææ£å¸ä¹çæ¬çå¯æ¬ã</li>
</ul>
-<p>ä¸é¢ä¸¦æ²æ顯示ä¸äºå°å®ç¾©å½±é¿ä¸å¤§ççæ¬ã ä½ å¯ä»¥å¨<a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvs網é
çé¢</a>æ¾å°å®æ´çæ´æ°è¨éã</p>
+<p>çèä¹éæç¥éä¸äºï¼å çºéäºçæ¬ä¸æ¬é
é¢çè®å並æªå½±é¿å°å®ç¾©æè
解éãèä¾ä¾èªªï¼æ¸
å®æªååºä¸å½±é¿å
§å®¹çæ´åï¼åæ¯æ ¼å¼è¨å®ãæ¼åãæ¨é»ãé
é¢çå
¶ä»é¨åãä½ å¯ä»¥éé<a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvs
+網é çé¢</a> 檢é±æ¬é çå®æ´æ´åæ¸
å®ã</p>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<p><b>è¯è
æ︰</b></p><ol><li
-id="trans1">ä¸æè®è
æ覺å¾éå¥å¾å¥æªï¼å
çºè±æç"Free"æãèªç±ãåãå
è²»ãå
©åææï¼æ以ä½è
è¦ç¹å¥è²å¥ï¼ä»¥æ£è¦è½ã</li><li
-id="trans2">é»è
¦æãé¶ãçæ¦å¿µï¼å¾å¤æè»é«å·¥ç¨å¸«å¨ç·¨>ç¨æ¯é½æ以0çºéå§ï¼å¾æ趣å§ï¼</li><li
-id="trans3">æªè³ä»å¤©2012-7-15ï¼é種>å½¢å¼å¤æ¸æ¯ææ¥å¸¸é»è
¦æªæ¡ï¼ä½é£ä¿æ天æå
¶ä»æ°å½¢å¼ï¼æ以è¯è
ä¿çåèæ¡ç¨å½¢å¼(forms)é>åè¼æ½è±¡çåç¼</li></ol></div>
+<b>è¯è
æ︰</b>
+<ol><li id="trans1">ä¸æè®è
ä¹è¨±æ覺å¾éèªå¥å¾æªï¼å
çºè±æç Free
+æãèªç±ãåãå
è²»ãå
©åææï¼æ以ä½è
è¦ç¹å¥è²æï¼ä»¥æ£è¦è½ã</li>
+<li id="trans2">é»è
¦æãé¶ãçæ¦å¿µï¼å¾å¤æè»é«å·¥ç¨å¸«å¨ç·¨ç¨æé½æ以 0
éå§ï¼å¾æ趣å§ï¼</li>
+</ol></div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<div class="unprintable">
-<p>
-è«ä¾éµ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>æ¥è©¢ãèªç±è»é«åºéæãåãGNU
-è¨ç«ãçäºå®ãæè
<a href="/contact/">ééå
¶ä»æ¹å¼</a>è¯çµ¡èªç±è»é«åºéæã
-è«ä¾éµ<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>å訴æåä»»ä½å¤±æçé£çµãé¯èª¤å建è°ã
-</p>
-
-<p>
-è«åç
§ <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯èªªæ</a>
-äºè§£æéåå©ç¿»è¯æ¬æçäºæ
ã
-</p>
+<p>è«ä¾ä¿¡å° <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>
è©¢åæéèªç±è»é«åºéæï¼FSFï¼å
+GNU çä¸è¬åé¡ï¼æè
<a href="/contact/">以å
¶ä»æ¹å¼</a>è¯çµ¡èªç±è»é«åºéæãè³æ¼ææ¯çé£çµåå
¶ä»ä¿®æ£å建è°ï¼å¯ä»¥å°ä¹å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
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+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+æååªåç¡æè½æä¾è²¼åãå質è¯åçç¿»è¯ãç¶èï¼æåç¡æ³åå
¨åç¾ï¼éè«å°ä½ çæè¦è©è¿°èä¸è¬å»ºè°å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a></p>
+<p>è«åç
§ <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯è®æ
README</a>
+ä¾ç解å調åæ交æåç網é ç¿»è¯ç¸éäºå®ã</p>
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-<p>
-Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013
èªç±è»é«åºéæ
-</p>
-<p>æ¬é é¢æ¡ç¨ <a rel="license"
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Commons
-Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a> 許å¯èææ¬ã
-</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2017 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é é¢æ¡ç¨<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>åµç¨ CC
+ææ¬å§åæ¨ç¤º-ç¦æ¢æ¹ä½ 4.0 åé</a>æ¢æ¬¾çµ¦äºææ¬ã</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-<p><b>ç¿»è¯</b>:</p>2013︰Karl Lam | karl dot v dot lam at gmail dot com
-<br/>2008︰æéºç¶ | Yuwei Lin | yuwei {at} ylin {dot} org</div>
-
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼æ¾æ¿å <a href="mailto:zerngjia (at) member (dot) fsf (dot)
+org"><zerngjia (at) member (dot) fsf (dot) org></a>, 2017.
+Karl Lam <a href="mailto:karl (dot) v (dot) lam (at) gmail (dot)
+com"><karl (dot) v (dot) lam (at) gmail (dot) com></a>, 2013.
+æéºç¶ <a href="mailto:yuwei (at) ylin (dot) org">Yuwei Lin</a>, 2008.</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2016/08/20 14:58:39 $
+$Date: 2017/06/04 15:58:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
-
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/fs-motives.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/fs-motives.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/fs-motives.nl.html 28 May 2017 16:58:57 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/fs-motives.nl.html 4 Jun 2017 15:58:19 -0000 1.2
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
technische en sociale vaardigheden te verbeteren. Als leraar kan je je
leerlingen aanmoedigen om deel te nemen aan een bestaand
vrijesoftwareproject of je kan hen indelen in een vrijesoftwareproject, wat
-een uitstekende mogelijkheid kan zijn.</dd>
+een uitstekende leermogelijkheid kan zijn.</dd>
<dt>Dankbaarheid</dt>
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@
</dl>
-<p>De mens is complex, en het is vrij gebruikelijk dat iemand ergens meerdere
-motieven tegelijkertijd voor heeft.</p>
+<p>Mensen zijn complex, en het komt vaak voor dat iemand meerdere motieven
+heeft voor een enkele handeling.</p>
<p>Iedereen is anders, en er kunnen andere motieven zijn die niet in deze lijst
staan. Als je andere motieven kent die hier niet staan, stuur dan een e-mail
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2017/05/28 16:58:57 $
+$Date: 2017/06/04 15:58:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw-en.html 3 Mar 2013 06:03:19 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw-en.html 4 Jun 2017 15:58:19 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>What is free software?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
-<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
-<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2>What is free software?</h2>
+<blockquote class="note" id="fsf-licensing"><p style="font-size: 80%">
+Have a question about free software licensing not answered here?
+See our other <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing";>licensing resources</a>,
+and if necessary contact the FSF Compliance Lab
+at <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
<h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
<blockquote>
@@ -27,24 +33,29 @@
<p>
“Free software” means software that respects users'
-freedom and community. Roughly, <b>the users have the freedom to run,
-copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. With these
-freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control the
-program and what it does for them.
+freedom and community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the
+freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the
+software</b>. Thus, “free software” is a matter of
+liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of
+“free” as in “free speech,” not as in
+“free beer”. We sometimes call it “libre
+software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for
+“free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software
+is gratis.
</p>
<p>
-When users don't control the program, the program controls the users.
-The developer controls the program, and through it controls the users.
-This nonfree or “proprietary” program is therefore an
-instrument of unjust power.
+We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With
+these freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control
+the program and what it does for them. When users don't control the
+program, we call it a “nonfree” or
+“proprietary” program. The nonfree program controls the
+users, and the developer controls the program; this makes the
+program <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+an instrument of unjust power</a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price.
-To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as
-in “free speech,” not as in “free beer”.
-</p>
+<h4> The four essential freedoms</h4>
<p>
A program is free software if the program's users have the
@@ -52,7 +63,8 @@
</p>
<ul>
- <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
+ <li>The freedom to run the program as you wish,
+ for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
<li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
code is a precondition for this.
@@ -68,21 +80,35 @@
</ul>
<p>
-A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus,
-you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without
-modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
-<a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
-things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
-for permission to do so.
-</p>
+A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these
+freedoms. Otherwise, it is nonfree. While we can distinguish various
+nonfree distribution schemes in terms of how far they fall short of
+being free, we consider them all equally unethical.</p>
+
+<p>In any given scenario, these freedoms must apply to whatever code
+we plan to make use of, or lead others to make use of. For instance,
+consider a program A which automatically launches a program B to
+handle some cases. If we plan to distribute A as it stands, that
+implies users will need B, so we need to judge whether both A and B
+are free. However, if we plan to modify A so that it doesn't use B,
+only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to that plan.</p>
<p>
-You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
-privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
-exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
-notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
+“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free
+program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
+and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software
+is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
+You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
+obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies,
+you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
</p>
+<p>The rest of this page clarifies certain points about what makes
+specific freedoms adequate or not.</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to run the program as you wish</h4>
+
<p>
The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
@@ -95,15 +121,13 @@
</p>
<p>
-The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
-forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
-unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
-for conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there
-is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
-(since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
-freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
-make them.
-</p>
+The freedom to run the program as you wish means that you are not
+forbidden or stopped from making it run. This has nothing to do with what
+functionality the program has, whether it is technically capable of
+functioning in any given environment, or whether it is useful for any
+particular computing activity.</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to study the source code and make changes</h4>
<p>
In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
@@ -120,10 +144,9 @@
run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a
practice known as “tivoization” or “lockdown”,
or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as “secure
-boot” — freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
-than a practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words,
-these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
-compiled from is free.
+boot” — freedom 1 becomes an empty pretense rather than a
+practical reality. These binaries are not free
+software even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
</p>
<p>
@@ -135,6 +158,29 @@
</p>
<p>
+Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
+If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that
+someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free.
+</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements</h4>
+
+<p>Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to
+redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either
+gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
+<a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
+things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
+for permission to do so.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
+privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
+exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
+notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
+</p>
+
+<p>
Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of
releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
@@ -144,41 +190,45 @@
</p>
<p>
-In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
-irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
-software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add
-restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give
-cause, the software is not free.
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
+forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
+unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
+for conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there
+is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
+(since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
+freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
+make them.
</p>
+<h4>Copyleft</h4>
+
<p>
-However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
+Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
-freedoms. For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that
-when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny
-other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with
-the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
+freedoms. For example, <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+(very simply stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program,
+you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms.
+This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it
+protects them.
</p>
<p>
-“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free
-program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
-and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software
-is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
-You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
-obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies,
-you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
-<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
+In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect the four freedoms
+legally for everyone. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use
+copyleft</a>. However,
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">
+noncopylefted free software</a> is ethical
+too. See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
+Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
+“copylefted software” and other categories of software
+relate to each other.
</p>
-<p>
-Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
-If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that
-someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free.
-</p>
+<h4>Rules about packaging and distribution details</h4>
<p>
-However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
+Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
@@ -190,15 +240,6 @@
</p>
<p>
-A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by
-which the program will be invoked from other programs. That
-effectively hampers you from releasing your changed version so that it
-can replace the original when invoked by those other programs. This
-sort of requirement is acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing
-facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an
-alias for the modified version.</p>
-
-<p>
Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you
must make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too,
on the same condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one
@@ -211,15 +252,15 @@
</p>
<p>
-In the GNU project, we use
-<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
-to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But
-<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
-free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
-<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
-but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
-ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
“copylefted software” and other categories of software relate to
each other.)
-</p>
+A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by
+which the program will be invoked from other programs. That
+effectively hampers you from releasing your changed version so that it
+can replace the original when invoked by those other programs. This
+sort of requirement is acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing
+facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an
+alias for the modified version.</p>
+
+<h4>Export regulations</h4>
<p>
Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
@@ -229,11 +270,47 @@
is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this
way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses
-must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
-any of the essential freedoms.
+must not require obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a
+condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making
+them a condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does
+not restrict users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for
+free software, then requiring it as a condition is not an actual
+problem; however, it is a potential problem, since a later change in
+export law could make the requirement nontrivial and thus render the
+software nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Legal considerations</h4>
+
+<p>
+In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
+irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
+software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add
+restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give
+cause, the software is not free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A free license may not require compliance with the license of a
+nonfree program. Thus, for instance, if a license requires you to
+comply with the licenses of “all the programs you use”, in
+the case of a user that runs nonfree programs this would require
+compliance with the licenses of those nonfree programs; that makes the
+license nonfree.
</p>
<p>
+It is acceptable for a free license to specify which jurisdiction's
+law applies, or where litigation must be done, or both.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Contract-based licenses</h4>
+
+<p>
Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
@@ -252,6 +329,8 @@
it is nonfree.
</p>
+<h4>Use the right words when talking about free software</h4>
+
<p>
When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
imply that
@@ -263,6 +342,8 @@
“free software”</a> into various languages.
</p>
+<h4>How we interpret these criteria</h4>
+
<p>
Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
@@ -277,6 +358,8 @@
it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
</p>
+<h4>Get help with free licenses</h4>
+
<p>
If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
@@ -324,7 +407,7 @@
<h3 id="open-source">Open Source?</h3>
<p>
-Another group has started using the term “open source” to mean
+Another group uses the term “open source” to mean
something close (but not identical) to “free software”. We
prefer the term “free software” because, once you have heard that
it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
@@ -335,11 +418,42 @@
<h3 id="History">History</h3>
<p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition. Here is
-the list of changes, along with links to show exactly what was
-changed.</p>
+the list of substantive changes, along with links to show exactly what
+was changed.</p>
<ul>
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153";>Version
+1.153</a>: Clarify that freedom to run the program means nothing stops
+you from making it run.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141";>Version
+1.141</a>: Clarify which code needs to be free.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135";>Version
+1.135</a>: Say each time that freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program
+as you wish.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134";>Version
+1.134</a>: Freedom 0 is not a matter of the program's functionality.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131";>Version
+1.131</a>: A free license may not require compliance with a nonfree license
+of another program.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129";>Version
+1.129</a>: State explicitly that choice of law and choice of forum
+specifications are allowed. (This was always our policy.)</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122";>Version
+1.122</a>: An export control requirement is a real problem if the
+requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it is only a potential problem.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118";>Version
+1.118</a>: Clarification: the issue is limits on your right to modify,
+not on what modifications you have made. And modifications are not limited
+to “improvements”</li>
+
<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111";>Version
1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by saying that only
retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The copyright
@@ -419,60 +533,81 @@
<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>Version
1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
-versions you distribute to the author.</li>
+versions you distribute to previous developers on request.</li>
</ul>
<p>There are gaps in the version numbers shown above because there are
-other changes in this page that do not affect the definition as such.
-These changes are in other parts of the page. You can review the
-complete list of changes to the page through
+other changes in this page that do not affect the definition or its
+interpretations. For instance, the list does not include changes in
+asides, formatting, spelling, punctuation, or other parts of the page.
+You can review the complete list of changes to the page through
the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvsweb
interface</a>.</p>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
-</p>
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2017
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
-</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<p>Updated:
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/03/03 06:03:19 $
+$Date: 2017/06/04 15:58:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
-
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw.po 4 Jun 2017 15:34:04 -0000 1.39
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.zh-tw.po 4 Jun 2017 15:58:19 -0000 1.40
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@
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"Last-Translator: Cheng-Chia Tseng <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Traditional Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-05-27 03:55+0000\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.13\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
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#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.";
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a "
-#| "free license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
-#| "the author."
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
"root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153\">Version 1.153</a>: Clarify that freedom "
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#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.";
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a "
-#| "free license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
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msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
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#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.";
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a "
-#| "free license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
-#| "the author."
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
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@@ -739,11 +723,6 @@
"è½ã"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.";
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a "
-#| "free license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
-#| "the author."
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
"root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131\">Version 1.131</a>: A free license may "
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#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.";
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23\">Version 1.23</a>: Address "
-#| "potential problems related to contract-based licenses."
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">Version 1.122</a>: An export control "
@@ -1050,15 +1025,12 @@
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+"è¦è©è¿°èä¸è¬å»ºè°å¯çµ¦ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><web-"
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-#| "Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software "
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Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.nl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.nl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
- www distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html distros/p...,
GNUN <=