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www/philosophy/po when_free_software_isnt_pract...

From: Jo?rg Kohn?
Subject: www/philosophy/po when_free_software_isnt_pract...
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2015 15:59:40 +0000 
CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Jo?rg Kohn? <joeko>     15/03/16 15:59:40

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : 
                         when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po 
                         when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po 
                         
when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html 
                         
when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html 
                         when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot 
                         when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist 

Log message:
        [#992031] Renamed when-free-software-isnt-practically-better.ru.html to 
when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.ru.html

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr.po  16 Mar 2015 15:59:38 
-0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+# French translation of 
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Framalang <adoutte AT gmail.com>, 2012.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:36+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-04-19 13:57+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Framalang <adoutte AT gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Quand le logiciel libre n'est pas meilleur, en pratique - Projet GNU - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better"
+msgstr "Quand le logiciel libre n'est pas meilleur, en pratique"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Initiative's mission statement reads, &ldquo;Open source is "
+"a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed "
+"peer review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is "
+"better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end "
+"to predatory vendor lock-in.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Les objectifs affichés par l'<cite>Open Source Initiative</cite> sont les "
+"suivants : « L'open source est une méthode de développement logiciel qui 
"
+"exploite la puissance de l'évaluation décentralisée par les pairs et de la 
"
+"transparence des processus. Les promesses de l'open source sont une "
+"meilleure qualité, une plus grande fiabilité, davantage de flexibilité, un 
"
+"moindre coût et la fin d'une situation permettant à des fournisseurs 
rapaces "
+"de verrouiller leurs produits. »"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For more than a decade now, the Free Software Foundation has argued against "
+"this &ldquo;open source&rdquo; characterization of the free software "
+"movement. Free software advocates have primarily argued against this framing "
+"because &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is an explicit effort to deemphasize our "
+"core message of freedom and obscure our movement's role in the success of "
+"the software we have built. We have argued that &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is "
+"bad, fundamentally, because it attempts to keep people from talking about "
+"software freedom. But there is another reason we should be wary of the open "
+"source framing. The fundamental open source argument, as quoted in the "
+"mission statement above, is often incorrect."
+msgstr ""
+"Depuis plus de dix ans maintenant, la <cite>Free Software Foundation</cite> "
+"ne cesse d'argumenter contre la qualification d'« open source » dont on "
+"affuble le mouvement du logiciel libre. Si nous, les partisans du logiciel "
+"libre, réfutons ce qualificatif d'« open source », c'est surtout parce 
que "
+"nous considérons qu'il s'agit d'un effort volontaire pour réduire la 
portée "
+"de notre message de liberté et masquer le rôle de notre mouvement dans le "
+"succès du logiciel que nous avons bâti. Si nous disons que le terme « 
open "
+"source » est mauvais, c'est fondamentalement parce qu'il tente d'éviter "
+"toute discussion à propos de la liberté du logiciel. Mais il y a une autre "
+"raison pour laquelle nous devrions nous méfier du cadre « open source ». 
"
+"L'argument fondamental de l'open source, tel qu'il est défini dans la "
+"déclaration ci-dessus, est souvent incorrect."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Although the Open Source Initiative suggests &ldquo;the promise of open "
+"source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,&rdquo; this "
+"promise is not always realized. Although we do not often advertise the fact, "
+"any user of an early-stage free software project can explain that free "
+"software is not always as convenient, in purely practical terms, as its "
+"proprietary competitors. Free software is sometimes low quality. It is "
+"sometimes unreliable. It is sometimes inflexible. If people take the "
+"arguments in favor of open source seriously, they must explain why open "
+"source has not lived up to its &ldquo;promise&rdquo; and conclude that "
+"proprietary tools would be a better choice. There is no reason we should "
+"have to do either."
+msgstr ""
+"Malgré la suggestion de l'<cite>Open Source Initiative</cite>, que « la "
+"promesse de l'open source est une meilleure qualité, une plus grande "
+"fiabilité, plus de flexibilité », cette promesse n'est pas toujours 
honorée. "
+"Bien que nous ne le mettions pas souvent en avant, tout utilisateur d'un "
+"logiciel libre aux premiers stades de son développement peut expliquer que "
+"ce logiciel n'est pas toujours aussi pratique, sur le plan purement "
+"fonctionnel, que ses concurrents privateurs.<a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href="
+"\"#TransNote1\"><sup>1</sup></a> Un logiciel libre est parfois de piètre "
+"qualité. Il n'est pas toujours très fiable. La souplesse lui fait parfois "
+"défaut. Si les gens prennent les arguments en faveur de l'open source au "
+"sérieux, ils doivent expliquer pourquoi l'open source n'a pas tenu ses "
+"« promesses » et conclure que des outils privateurs seraient un meilleur "
+"choix. Il n'y a aucune raison pour que nous fassions de même."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman speaks to this in his article on <a href=\"/philosophy/open-"
+"source-misses-the-point.html\">Why Open Source Misses the Point</a> when he "
+"explains, &ldquo;The idea of open source is that allowing users to change "
+"and redistribute the software will make it more powerful and reliable. But "
+"this is not guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are not "
+"necessarily incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful "
+"and reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Richard Stallman parle de cela dans son article « <a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-"
+"source-misses-the-point.html\">Pourquoi l'open source passe à côté du "
+"problème que soulève le logiciel libre</a> » lorsqu'il explique : « 
L'open "
+"source repose sur l'idée qu'en permettant aux utilisateurs de changer et "
+"redistribuer le logiciel, celui-ci en sortira plus puissant et plus fiable. "
+"Mais cela n'est pas garanti. Les développeurs de logiciels privateurs ne "
+"sont pas forcément incompétents. Parfois ils produisent un programme qui 
est "
+"puissant et fiable, même s'il ne respecte pas la liberté de l'utilisateur. 
»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For open source, poor-quality software is a problem to be explained away or "
+"a reason to eschew the software altogether. For free software, it is a "
+"problem to be worked through. For free software advocates, glitches and "
+"missing features are never a source of shame.  Any piece of free software "
+"that respects users' freedom has a strong inherent advantage over a "
+"proprietary competitor that does not. Even if it has other issues, free "
+"software always has freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour l'open source, la mauvaise qualité d'un logiciel est un problème à "
+"analyser ou une raison de fuir ce logiciel. Pour le libre, c'est un problème 
"
+"à résoudre. Pour les partisans du libre, les bogues et les fonctionnalités 
"
+"manquantes ne sont jamais une raison d'avoir honte. Tout logiciel qui "
+"respecte la liberté de ses utilisateurs possède un avantage inhérent sur 
son "
+"concurrent privateur. Même s'il a ses propres problèmes, un logiciel libre 
a "
+"toujours la liberté."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, every piece of free software must start somewhere. A brand-new "
+"piece of software, for example, is unlikely to be more featureful than an "
+"established proprietary tool. Projects begin with many bugs and improve over "
+"time. While open source advocates might argue that a project will grow into "
+"usefulness over time and with luck, free software projects represent "
+"important contributions on day one to a free software advocate. Every piece "
+"of software that gives users control over their technology is a step "
+"forward. Improved quality as a project matures is the icing on the cake."
+msgstr ""
+"Bien évidemment, tout logiciel libre doit commencer quelque part. Un nouveau 
"
+"programme, par exemple, a peu de chances d'offrir plus de fonctionnalités "
+"qu'un programme privateur déjà établi. Un projet commence avec de nombreux 
"
+"bogues et s'améliore avec le temps. Alors que les partisans de l'open source 
"
+"peuvent argumenter qu'un projet deviendra utile avec du temps et un peu de "
+"chance, un projet libre représente pour les partisans du logiciel libre une "
+"importante contribution, dès le premier jour. Chaque logiciel qui donne aux "
+"utilisateurs le contrôle sur leur technologie est un pas en avant. "
+"L'amélioration en qualité due à la maturation d'un projet n'est que la "
+"cerise sur le gâteau."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A second, perhaps even more damning, fact is that the collaborative, "
+"distributed, peer-review development process at the heart of the definition "
+"of open source bears little resemblance to the practice of software "
+"development in the vast majority of projects under free (or &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo;) licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"Un second point, peut-être plus accablant encore, est que le processus de "
+"développement collaboratif, distribué, évalué par les pairs, qui est au 
cœur "
+"de la définition de l'open source, ne ressemble que de loin à la manière "
+"dont sont développés en pratique la plupart des projets sous licence libre "
+"(ou « open source »)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Several academic studies of free software hosting sites <a href=\"http://sf.";
+"net\">SourceForge</a> and <a href=\"http://sv.gnu.org\";>Savannah</a> have "
+"shown what many free software developers who have put a codebase online "
+"already know first-hand. The vast majority of free software projects are not "
+"particularly collaborative. The median number of contributors to a free "
+"software project on SourceForge? One. A lone developer. SourceForge projects "
+"at the ninety-fifth percentile by participant size have only five "
+"contributors. More than half of these free software projects&mdash;and even "
+"most projects that have made several successful releases and been downloaded "
+"frequently, are the work of a single developer with little outside help."
+msgstr ""
+"Plusieurs études universitaires menées sur les sites d'hébergement de "
+"logiciels libres <a href=\"http://sf.net\";>SourceForge</a> et <a href="
+"\"http://sv.gnu.org\";>Savannah</a> ont démontré ce que beaucoup de "
+"développeurs de logiciels libres ayant mis en ligne une base de code savent "
+"déjà : la grande majorité des projets libres ne sont pas 
particulièrement "
+"collaboratifs. Le nombre médian de contributeurs à un projet de logiciel "
+"libre sur SourceForge ? Un. Un développeur solitaire. Les projets de "
+"SourceForge du quatre-vingt-quinzième centile en termes de nombre de "
+"participants n'ont que cinq contributeurs. Plus de la moitié de ces projets "
+"libres, et même la plupart des projets qui ont fait plusieurs versions à "
+"succès et ont été téléchargés fréquemment sont l'œuvre d'un seul 
développeur "
+"avec un peu d'aide de l'extérieur."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By emphasizing the power of collaborative development and &ldquo;distributed "
+"peer review,&rdquo; open source approaches seem to have very little to say "
+"about why one should use, or contribute to, the vast majority of free "
+"software projects. Because the purported benefits of collaboration cannot be "
+"realized when there is no collaboration, the vast majority of free "
+"development projects are at no technical advantage with respect to a "
+"proprietary competitor."
+msgstr ""
+"En insistant sur la puissance du développement collaboratif et de "
+"« l'évaluation décentralisée par les pairs », l'approche open source 
semble "
+"ne pas avoir grand chose à dire, dans la majorité des cas, sur les raisons "
+"pour lesquelles on devrait contribuer à un projet libre ou se servir d'un "
+"logiciel en développement. Puisque les avantages supposés de la "
+"collaboration ne peuvent être constatés quand il n'y a pas de 
collaboration, "
+"la grande majorité des projets de développement libres n'ont pas d'avantage 
"
+"technique sur leurs concurrents privateurs."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For free software advocates, these same projects are each seen as important "
+"successes. Because every piece of free software respects its users' freedom, "
+"advocates of software freedom argue that each piece of free software begins "
+"with an inherent ethical advantage over proprietary competitors&mdash;even a "
+"more featureful one. By emphasizing freedom over practical advantages, free "
+"software's advocacy is rooted in a technical reality in a way that open "
+"source is often not. When free software is better, we can celebrate this "
+"fact. When it is not, we need not treat it as a damning critique of free "
+"software advocacy or even as a compelling argument against the use of the "
+"software in question."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour les partisans du logiciel libre, ces mêmes projets sont tous vus comme "
+"des succès importants. Comme chaque logiciel libre respecte la liberté de "
+"ses utilisateurs, les partisans du libre peuvent argumenter qu'il possède au 
"
+"départ un avantage éthique intrinsèque sur les concurrents privateurs – 
même "
+"sur ceux qui proposent plus de fonctionnalités. En insistant sur la liberté 
"
+"plutôt que sur les avantages pratiques, la défense du logiciel libre est "
+"ancrée dans la réalité technique d'une façon qui manque souvent à l'open 
"
+"source. Quand le logiciel libre est meilleur, nous pouvons nous en réjouir. "
+"Quand il ne l'est pas, nous n'avons pas à considérer cela comme une attaque 
"
+"dirigée contre lui ni même comme un argument valable contre l'utilisation 
du "
+"logiciel en question."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source advocates must defend their thesis that freely developed "
+"software should, or will with time, be better than proprietary software. "
+"Free software supporters can instead ask, &ldquo;How can we make free "
+"software better?&rdquo; In a free software framing, high quality software "
+"exists as a means to an end rather than an end itself. Free software "
+"developers should strive to create functional, flexible software that serves "
+"its users well. But doing so is not the only way to make steps toward "
+"solving what is both an easier and a much more profoundly important goal: "
+"respecting and protecting their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Les partisans de l'open source doivent défendre leur thèse selon laquelle 
le "
+"logiciel développé librement devrait, ou devra avec le temps, être 
meilleur "
+"que le logiciel privateur. Les militants du logiciel libre peuvent quant à "
+"eux demander : « Comment peut-on rendre le logiciel libre meilleur ? » 
Dans "
+"le cadre du libre, les logiciels de haute qualité existent comme un moyen "
+"plutôt que comme une fin en soi. Les développeurs de logiciels libres "
+"doivent s'efforcer de créer des logiciels fonctionnels, flexibles, qui "
+"servent bien leurs utilisateurs. Mais ceci n'est pas le seul moyen de "
+"progresser vers la réalisation d'un objectif qui est à la fois plus simple "
+"et bien plus important : respecter et protéger leurs libertés."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, we do not need to reject arguments that collaboration can play an "
+"important role in creating high-quality software. In many of the most "
+"successful free software projects, it clearly has done exactly that. The "
+"benefits of collaboration become something to understand, support, and work "
+"towards, rather than something to take for granted in the face of evidence "
+"that refuses to conform to ideology."
+msgstr ""
+"Bien sûr, nous ne cherchons pas à nier que la collaboration joue un rôle "
+"important dans la création de logiciels de haute qualité. Dans la plupart "
+"des projets libres ayant réussi, ce fut d'ailleurs le cas. Il faut "
+"comprendre, soutenir et développer la collaboration, plutôt que de "
+"considérer dogmatiquement qu'elle va de soi, quand bien même les faits sont 
"
+"là pour montrer le contraire."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">Autre traduction de <cite>proprietary</cite> : "
+"propriétaire. <a href=\"#TransNote1-rev\" 
class=\"nounderline\">&#8593;</a></"
+"li></ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. Les liens orphelins et autres "
+"corrections ou suggestions peuvent être signalés à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous faisons le maximum pour proposer des traductions fidèles et de bonne "
+"qualité, mais nous ne sommes pas parfaits. Merci d'adresser vos commentaires 
"
+"sur cette page, ainsi que vos suggestions d'ordre général sur les "
+"traductions, à <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> &lt;web-"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>\n"
+"<p>Pour tout renseignement sur la coordination et la soumission des "
+"traductions de nos pages web, reportez-vous au <a href=\"/server/standards/"
+"README.translations.html\">guide de traduction</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill"
+msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"Share Alike 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a rel="
+"\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";
+"\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction : Framalang (travail collaboratif)<br /> Révision : <a href="
+"\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";><em>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</em></a>"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"

Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru.po  16 Mar 2015 15:59:38 
-0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+# Russian translation of 
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html
+# Copyright (C) 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2013
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:36+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-01-28 17:17+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Когда свободная программа (практически) 
не лучше - Проект GNU - Фонд "
+"свободного программного обеспечения"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better"
+msgstr "Когда свободная программа 
(практически) не лучше"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Initiative's mission statement reads, &ldquo;Open source is "
+"a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed "
+"peer review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is "
+"better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end "
+"to predatory vendor lock-in.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Заявление о задачах Инициативы открытого 
исходного текста гласит: &ldquo;"
+"Открытый исходный текст&nbsp;&mdash; метод 
разработки программ, который "
+"обуздывает энергию распределенных 
взаимных проверок и прозрачности процесса. 
"
+"Открытый исходный текст обещает лучшее 
качество, повышенную надежность "
+"и&nbsp;гибкость, более низкую стоимость 
и&nbsp;конец хищнического замыкания "
+"на&nbsp;производителе&rdquo;."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For more than a decade now, the Free Software Foundation has argued against "
+"this &ldquo;open source&rdquo; characterization of the free software "
+"movement. Free software advocates have primarily argued against this framing "
+"because &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is an explicit effort to deemphasize our "
+"core message of freedom and obscure our movement's role in the success of "
+"the software we have built. We have argued that &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is "
+"bad, fundamentally, because it attempts to keep people from talking about "
+"software freedom. But there is another reason we should be wary of the open "
+"source framing. The fundamental open source argument, as quoted in the "
+"mission statement above, is often incorrect."
+msgstr ""
+"Уже более десятилетия Фонд свободного 
программного обеспечения оспаривает "
+"это описание движения за свободное 
программное обеспечения с точки зрения "
+"&ldquo;открытого исходного текста&rdquo;. 
Сторонники свободного программного "
+"обеспечения возражали против такой 
формулировки прежде всего потому, что "
+"&ldquo;открытый исходный текст&rdquo;&nbsp;&mdash; 
это явная попытка "
+"затушевать наше центральное сообщение о 
свободе и затенить роль нашего "
+"движения в успехе того корпуса программ, 
который мы построили. Мы поясняли, "
+"что выражение &ldquo;открытый исходный 
текст&rdquo; плохо в принципе, потому "
+"что оно пытается удержать людей от 
разговоров о свободе программ. Но есть и "
+"другая причина, по которой нам следует 
опасаться формулировок открытого "
+"исходного текста. Основополагающий 
аргумент открытого исходного текста, "
+"процитированный выше из заявления о 
задачах, часто неверен."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Although the Open Source Initiative suggests &ldquo;the promise of open "
+"source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,&rdquo; this "
+"promise is not always realized. Although we do not often advertise the fact, "
+"any user of an early-stage free software project can explain that free "
+"software is not always as convenient, in purely practical terms, as its "
+"proprietary competitors. Free software is sometimes low quality. It is "
+"sometimes unreliable. It is sometimes inflexible. If people take the "
+"arguments in favor of open source seriously, they must explain why open "
+"source has not lived up to its &ldquo;promise&rdquo; and conclude that "
+"proprietary tools would be a better choice. There is no reason we should "
+"have to do either."
+msgstr ""
+"Хотя Инициатива открытого исходного 
текста предполагает, что &ldquo;открытый "
+"исходный текст обещает лучшее качество, 
повышенную надежность и&nbsp;"
+"гибкость&rdquo;, это обещание не всегда 
реализуется. Хотя мы не часто "
+"обращаем внимание на этот факт, любой 
пользователь проекта по созданию "
+"свободных программ, находящегося в ранней 
стадии, скажет вам, что свободные "
+"программы не всегда так же удобны, с чисто 
практической точки зрения, как их "
+"несвободные конкуренты. Качество 
свободных программ иногда низко. Иногда 
они "
+"ненадежны. Иногда они негибки. Если люди 
серьезно относятся к аргументам в "
+"пользу открытого исходного текста, они 
должны объяснить, почему открытый "
+"исходный текст не выполнил своего 
&ldquo;обещания&rdquo; и сделать вывод, "
+"что несвободные средства были бы лучшим 
выбором. Нам не нужно делать ни "
+"того, ни другого."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman speaks to this in his article on <a href=\"/philosophy/open-"
+"source-misses-the-point.html\">Why Open Source Misses the Point</a> when he "
+"explains, &ldquo;The idea of open source is that allowing users to change "
+"and redistribute the software will make it more powerful and reliable. But "
+"this is not guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are not "
+"necessarily incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful "
+"and reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Ричард Столмен говорит об этом в своей 
статье &ldquo;<a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Почему открытый исх
одный текст не "
+"передает понятия &lsquo;свободная 
программа&rsquo;</a>&rdquo;, когда он "
+"поясняет: &ldquo;Идея открытого исходного 
текста состоит в том, что "
+"разрешение пользователям изменять и 
распространять программы сделает их "
+"эффективнее и надежнее. Но это не 
гарантировано. Разработчики несвободных "
+"программ не обязательно некомпетентны. 
Иногда они выпускают программу, "
+"которая эффективна и надежна, хотя она и 
не уважает свободу "
+"пользователей&rdquo;."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For open source, poor-quality software is a problem to be explained away or "
+"a reason to eschew the software altogether. For free software, it is a "
+"problem to be worked through. For free software advocates, glitches and "
+"missing features are never a source of shame.  Any piece of free software "
+"that respects users' freedom has a strong inherent advantage over a "
+"proprietary competitor that does not. Even if it has other issues, free "
+"software always has freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Для открытого исходного текста 
низкокачественные программы&nbsp;&mdash; "
+"проблема, которую следует разъяснить, или 
причина сторониться этих программ "
+"вообще. Для свободных программ это 
проблема, над которой следует работать. "
+"Для сторонников свободного программного 
обеспечения прорехи и недостающие "
+"возможности никогда не станут причиной 
для стыда. У любой свободной "
+"программы, уважающей свободу 
пользователей, есть сильное и неотъемлемое 
"
+"преимущество перед несвободным 
конкурентом, который свободу 
пользователей не "
+"уважает. Даже если у свободной программы 
нет чего-то еще, у нее всегда есть "
+"свобода."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, every piece of free software must start somewhere. A brand-new "
+"piece of software, for example, is unlikely to be more featureful than an "
+"established proprietary tool. Projects begin with many bugs and improve over "
+"time. While open source advocates might argue that a project will grow into "
+"usefulness over time and with luck, free software projects represent "
+"important contributions on day one to a free software advocate. Every piece "
+"of software that gives users control over their technology is a step "
+"forward. Improved quality as a project matures is the icing on the cake."
+msgstr ""
+"Конечно, каждая свободная программа 
должна с чего-то начинаться. Например, "
+"только что возникшая свободная программа 
едва ли будет более богата "
+"функциями, чем развитый несвободный 
пакет. Проекты начинаются с большого "
+"количества ошибок и улучшаются со 
временем. В то время как сторонники "
+"открытого исходного текста могли бы 
убеждать, что со временем и при "
+"известной доле везения проект вырастет до 
полезного, для сторонника "
+"свободных программ проекты по созданию 
свободных программ представляют собой "
+"важный вклад с первого же дня. Любая 
программа, которая дает пользователям "
+"контроль над их техникой&nbsp;&mdash; это шаг 
вперед. Повышенное качество "
+"при достижении проектом зрелости&nbsp;&mdash; 
это масло на куске хлеба."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A second, perhaps even more damning, fact is that the collaborative, "
+"distributed, peer-review development process at the heart of the definition "
+"of open source bears little resemblance to the practice of software "
+"development in the vast majority of projects under free (or &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo;) licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"Второй, возможно, еще более вопиющий факт 
заключается в том, что "
+"распределенный процесс разработки с 
сотрудничеством и взаимной проверкой, "
+"который составляет сердце определения 
открытого исходного текста, имеет мало "
+"общего с практикой разработки программ в 
подавляющем большинстве проектов "
+"под лицензиями свободных программ (или 
программ &ldquo;с открытым исходным "
+"текстом&rdquo;)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Several academic studies of free software hosting sites <a href=\"http://sf.";
+"net\">SourceForge</a> and <a href=\"http://sv.gnu.org\";>Savannah</a> have "
+"shown what many free software developers who have put a codebase online "
+"already know first-hand. The vast majority of free software projects are not "
+"particularly collaborative. The median number of contributors to a free "
+"software project on SourceForge? One. A lone developer. SourceForge projects "
+"at the ninety-fifth percentile by participant size have only five "
+"contributors. More than half of these free software projects&mdash;and even "
+"most projects that have made several successful releases and been downloaded "
+"frequently, are the work of a single developer with little outside help."
+msgstr ""
+"Несколько научных исследований сайтов <a 
href=\"http://sf.net\";>SourceForge</"
+"a> и <a href=\"http://sv.gnu.org\";>Savannah</a>, 
предоставляющих "
+"инфраструктуру для разработки свободных 
программ, показали то, что многие "
+"разработчики свободных программ, которым 
доводилось размещать тексты "
+"программ в Интернете, уже знают по 
собственному опыту. Подавляющее "
+"большинство проектов по разработке 
свободных программ не слишком склонно к "
+"сотрудничеству. Какова медиана 
соразработчиков проекта по созданию 
свободных "
+"программ на SourceForge? Один. Одинокий 
разработчик. В девяноста пяти "
+"процентах проектов SourceForge участвует не 
более пяти соразработчиков. "
+"Более половины из этих проектов по 
созданию свободных программ&nbsp;&mdash; "
+"и даже большинство проектов, которые 
сделали несколько успешных выпусков и "
+"файлы которых часто запрашивались по 
сети&nbsp;&mdash; представляют собой "
+"работу единственного разработчика 
практически без помощи со стороны."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By emphasizing the power of collaborative development and &ldquo;distributed "
+"peer review,&rdquo; open source approaches seem to have very little to say "
+"about why one should use, or contribute to, the vast majority of free "
+"software projects. Because the purported benefits of collaboration cannot be "
+"realized when there is no collaboration, the vast majority of free "
+"development projects are at no technical advantage with respect to a "
+"proprietary competitor."
+msgstr ""
+"Подчеркивая эффективность совместной 
разработки и &ldquo;распределенных "
+"взаимных проверок&rdquo;, подходы открытого 
исходного текста, кажется, почти "
+"ничего не говорят о том, почему кому-то 
следует делать вклад в подавляющее "
+"большинство проектов по разработке 
свободных программ или пользоваться ими. "
+"Поскольку предполагаемые выгоды от 
сотрудничества не могут быть реализованы, "
+"когда никакого сотрудничества нет, 
подавляющее большинство проектов по "
+"разработке свободных программ не имеют 
никаких технических преимуществ по "
+"сравнению с несвободным конкурентом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For free software advocates, these same projects are each seen as important "
+"successes. Because every piece of free software respects its users' freedom, "
+"advocates of software freedom argue that each piece of free software begins "
+"with an inherent ethical advantage over proprietary competitors&mdash;even a "
+"more featureful one. By emphasizing freedom over practical advantages, free "
+"software's advocacy is rooted in a technical reality in a way that open "
+"source is often not. When free software is better, we can celebrate this "
+"fact. When it is not, we need not treat it as a damning critique of free "
+"software advocacy or even as a compelling argument against the use of the "
+"software in question."
+msgstr ""
+"Сторонниками свободного программного 
обеспечения эти же самые проекты "
+"рассматриваются как важные достижения. 
Поскольку каждая свободная программа "
+"уважает свободу своих пользователей, 
защитники свободы программ утверждают, "
+"что каждая свободная программа рождается 
с неотъемлемым этическим "
+"преимуществом перед несвободными 
конкурентами&nbsp;&mdash; даже если те "
+"более богаты возможностями. Выводя на 
первое место свободу, а не "
+"практические достоинства, аргументация 
свободного программного обеспечения "
+"уходит корнями в реалии техники так, как 
открытый исходный текст часто этого "
+"не делает. Когда свободные программы 
лучше, мы можем отметить этот факт. "
+"Когда нет, нам нет нужды относиться к 
этому как к неотразимой критике "
+"аргументации свободного программного 
обеспечения или даже как к "
+"убедительному аргументу против 
применения данной программы."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source advocates must defend their thesis that freely developed "
+"software should, or will with time, be better than proprietary software. "
+"Free software supporters can instead ask, &ldquo;How can we make free "
+"software better?&rdquo; In a free software framing, high quality software "
+"exists as a means to an end rather than an end itself. Free software "
+"developers should strive to create functional, flexible software that serves "
+"its users well. But doing so is not the only way to make steps toward "
+"solving what is both an easier and a much more profoundly important goal: "
+"respecting and protecting their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Сторонники открытого исходного текста 
должны защищать свой тезис о том, что "
+"свободно разрабатываемые программы 
должны стать или станут со временем "
+"лучше, чем несвободные. Сторонники 
свободных программ вместо этого могут "
+"спрашивать: &ldquo;Как сделать свободные 
программы лучше?&rdquo; В контексте "
+"свободного программного обеспечения 
высокое качество программ существует как "
+"средство к достижению цели, а не как 
самоцель. Разработчикам свободных "
+"программ следует стремиться к созданию 
богатых, гибких программ, которые "
+"хорошо служат пользователям. Но это не 
единственный способ предпринять шаги "
+"к достижению того, что является и более 
легкой, и гораздо более глубокой и "
+"важной целью: уважение и защита их 
свободы."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, we do not need to reject arguments that collaboration can play an "
+"important role in creating high-quality software. In many of the most "
+"successful free software projects, it clearly has done exactly that. The "
+"benefits of collaboration become something to understand, support, and work "
+"towards, rather than something to take for granted in the face of evidence "
+"that refuses to conform to ideology."
+msgstr ""
+"Конечно, нам не нужно отвергать 
аргументов о том, что сотрудничество может "
+"играть важную роль в создании программ 
высокого качества. Ясно, что во "
+"многих из самых успешных проектов по 
созданию свободных программ их именно "
+"так и делали. Выгоды сотрудничества 
становятся тем, что нужно понимать, "
+"поддерживать, над чем нужно работать, а не 
тем, что нужно принимать как само "
+"собой разумеющееся перед лицом 
свидетельств, которые отказываются 
следовать "
+"идеологии."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Пожалуйста, присылайте общие запросы 
фонду и GNU по адресу <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>. Есть также <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">другие способы связаться</a> с фондом. 
Отчеты о неработающих ссылках и "
+"другие поправки или предложения можно 
присылать по адресу <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Мы старались сделать этот перевод точным 
и качественным, но исключить "
+"возможность ошибки мы не можем. 
Присылайте, пожалуйста, свои замечания и "
+"предложения по переводу по адресу <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>. </p><p>Сведения по 
координации и "
+"предложениям переводов наших статей см. в 
<a href=\"/server/standards/README."
+"translations.html\">&ldquo;Руководстве по 
переводам&rdquo;</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill<br />Copyright &copy; 2013 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"Share Alike 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Это произведение доступно по <a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/deed.ru\">лицензии Creative 
"
+"Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>Атрибуция&nbsp;&mdash; С сох
ранением "
+"условий</em>) 3.0 США</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Внимание! В подготовке этого перевода 
участвовал только один человек. Вы "
+"можете существенно улучшить перевод, если 
проверите его и расскажете о "
+"найденных ошибках в <a 
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";
+"\">русской группе переводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Обновлено:"

Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.fr-en.html     16 Mar 2015 
15:59:38 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better - GNU Project - Free 
Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include 
virtual="/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.translist" 
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</h2>
+
+<p>The Open Source Initiative's mission statement reads, &ldquo;Open source
+is a development method for software that harnesses the power of
+distributed peer review and transparency of process. The promise of
+open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,
+lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock-in.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>For more than a decade now, the Free Software Foundation has argued
+against this &ldquo;open source&rdquo; characterization of the free software
+movement. Free software advocates have primarily argued against this
+framing because &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is an explicit effort to deemphasize
+our core message of freedom and obscure our movement's role in the
+success of the software we have built. We have argued that &ldquo;open
+source&rdquo; is bad, fundamentally, because it attempts to keep people from
+talking about software freedom. But there is another reason we should
+be wary of the open source framing. The fundamental open source
+argument, as quoted in the mission statement above, is often
+incorrect.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Open Source Initiative suggests &ldquo;the promise of open
+source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,&rdquo; this
+promise is not always realized. Although we do not often advertise the
+fact, any user of an early-stage free software project can explain
+that free software is not always as convenient, in purely practical
+terms, as its proprietary competitors. Free software is sometimes low
+quality. It is sometimes unreliable. It is sometimes inflexible. If
+people take the arguments in favor of open source seriously, they must
+explain why open source has not lived up to its &ldquo;promise&rdquo; and 
conclude
+that proprietary tools would be a better choice. There is no reason we
+should have to do either.</p>
+
+<p>Richard Stallman speaks to this in his article on <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
+Open Source Misses the Point</a> when he explains, &ldquo;The idea of open
+source is that allowing users to change and redistribute the software
+will make it more powerful and reliable. But this is not
+guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are not necessarily
+incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful and
+reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>For open source, poor-quality software is a problem to be explained
+away or a reason to eschew the software altogether. For free software,
+it is a problem to be worked through. For free software advocates,
+glitches and missing features are never a source of shame.
+Any piece of free software that respects users' freedom has a strong
+inherent advantage over a proprietary competitor that does not. Even
+if it has other issues, free software always has freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, every piece of free software must start somewhere. A brand-new
+piece of software, for example, is unlikely to be more featureful
+than an established proprietary tool. Projects
+begin with many bugs and improve over time. While open
+source advocates might argue that a project will grow into usefulness
+over time and with luck, free software projects represent important
+contributions on day one to a free software advocate. Every piece of
+software that gives users control over their technology is a step
+forward. Improved quality as a project matures is the icing on the
+cake.</p>
+
+<p>A second, perhaps even more damning, fact is that the collaborative,
+distributed, peer-review development process at the heart of the
+definition of open source bears little resemblance to the practice of
+software development in the vast majority of projects under free (or
+&ldquo;open source&rdquo;) licenses.</p>
+
+<p>Several academic studies of free software hosting sites <a
+href="http://sf.net";>SourceForge</a> and <a
+href="http://sv.gnu.org";>Savannah</a> have shown what many free
+software developers who have put a codebase online already know
+first-hand. The vast majority of free software projects are not
+particularly collaborative. The median number of contributors to a
+free software project on SourceForge?  One. A lone
+developer. SourceForge projects at the ninety-fifth percentile by
+participant size have only five contributors. More than half of these
+free software projects&mdash;and even most projects that have made several
+successful releases and been downloaded frequently, are the work of a
+single developer with little outside help.</p>
+
+<p>By emphasizing the power of collaborative development and &ldquo;distributed
+peer review,&rdquo; open source approaches seem to have very little to say
+about why one should use, or contribute to, the vast majority of free
+software projects. Because the purported benefits of collaboration
+cannot be realized when there is no collaboration, the vast majority
+of free development projects are at no technical advantage with respect to a
+proprietary competitor.</p>
+
+<p>For free software advocates, these same projects are each seen as
+important successes. Because every piece of free software respects its
+users' freedom, advocates of software freedom argue that each piece of
+free software begins with an inherent ethical advantage over
+proprietary competitors&mdash;even a more featureful one. By emphasizing
+freedom over practical advantages, free software's advocacy is rooted
+in a technical reality in a way that open source is often not. When
+free software is better, we can celebrate this fact. When it is not,
+we need not treat it as a damning critique of free software advocacy
+or even as a compelling argument against the use of the software in
+question.</p>
+
+<p>Open source advocates must defend their thesis that freely developed
+software should, or will with time, be better than proprietary
+software. Free software supporters can instead ask, &ldquo;How can we make
+free software better?&rdquo; In a free software framing, high quality software
+exists as a means to an end rather than an end itself. Free software
+developers should strive to create functional, flexible software that
+serves its users well. But doing so is not the only way to make steps
+toward solving what is both an easier and a much more profoundly
+important goal: respecting and protecting their freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, we do not need to reject arguments that collaboration can
+play an important role in creating high-quality software. In many of
+the most successful free software projects, it clearly has done
+exactly that. The benefits of collaboration become something to
+understand, support, and work towards, rather than something to take
+for granted in the face of evidence that refuses to conform to
+ideology.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/03/16 15:59:38 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+

Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.ru-en.html     16 Mar 2015 
15:59:39 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better - GNU Project - Free 
Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include 
virtual="/philosophy/po/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.translist" 
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2> When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better</h2>
+
+<p>The Open Source Initiative's mission statement reads, &ldquo;Open source
+is a development method for software that harnesses the power of
+distributed peer review and transparency of process. The promise of
+open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,
+lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock-in.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>For more than a decade now, the Free Software Foundation has argued
+against this &ldquo;open source&rdquo; characterization of the free software
+movement. Free software advocates have primarily argued against this
+framing because &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is an explicit effort to deemphasize
+our core message of freedom and obscure our movement's role in the
+success of the software we have built. We have argued that &ldquo;open
+source&rdquo; is bad, fundamentally, because it attempts to keep people from
+talking about software freedom. But there is another reason we should
+be wary of the open source framing. The fundamental open source
+argument, as quoted in the mission statement above, is often
+incorrect.</p>
+
+<p>Although the Open Source Initiative suggests &ldquo;the promise of open
+source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,&rdquo; this
+promise is not always realized. Although we do not often advertise the
+fact, any user of an early-stage free software project can explain
+that free software is not always as convenient, in purely practical
+terms, as its proprietary competitors. Free software is sometimes low
+quality. It is sometimes unreliable. It is sometimes inflexible. If
+people take the arguments in favor of open source seriously, they must
+explain why open source has not lived up to its &ldquo;promise&rdquo; and 
conclude
+that proprietary tools would be a better choice. There is no reason we
+should have to do either.</p>
+
+<p>Richard Stallman speaks to this in his article on <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
+Open Source Misses the Point</a> when he explains, &ldquo;The idea of open
+source is that allowing users to change and redistribute the software
+will make it more powerful and reliable. But this is not
+guaranteed. Developers of proprietary software are not necessarily
+incompetent. Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful and
+reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>For open source, poor-quality software is a problem to be explained
+away or a reason to eschew the software altogether. For free software,
+it is a problem to be worked through. For free software advocates,
+glitches and missing features are never a source of shame.
+Any piece of free software that respects users' freedom has a strong
+inherent advantage over a proprietary competitor that does not. Even
+if it has other issues, free software always has freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, every piece of free software must start somewhere. A brand-new
+piece of software, for example, is unlikely to be more featureful
+than an established proprietary tool. Projects
+begin with many bugs and improve over time. While open
+source advocates might argue that a project will grow into usefulness
+over time and with luck, free software projects represent important
+contributions on day one to a free software advocate. Every piece of
+software that gives users control over their technology is a step
+forward. Improved quality as a project matures is the icing on the
+cake.</p>
+
+<p>A second, perhaps even more damning, fact is that the collaborative,
+distributed, peer-review development process at the heart of the
+definition of open source bears little resemblance to the practice of
+software development in the vast majority of projects under free (or
+&ldquo;open source&rdquo;) licenses.</p>
+
+<p>Several academic studies of free software hosting sites <a
+href="http://sf.net";>SourceForge</a> and <a
+href="http://sv.gnu.org";>Savannah</a> have shown what many free
+software developers who have put a codebase online already know
+first-hand. The vast majority of free software projects are not
+particularly collaborative. The median number of contributors to a
+free software project on SourceForge?  One. A lone
+developer. SourceForge projects at the ninety-fifth percentile by
+participant size have only five contributors. More than half of these
+free software projects&mdash;and even most projects that have made several
+successful releases and been downloaded frequently, are the work of a
+single developer with little outside help.</p>
+
+<p>By emphasizing the power of collaborative development and &ldquo;distributed
+peer review,&rdquo; open source approaches seem to have very little to say
+about why one should use, or contribute to, the vast majority of free
+software projects. Because the purported benefits of collaboration
+cannot be realized when there is no collaboration, the vast majority
+of free development projects are at no technical advantage with respect to a
+proprietary competitor.</p>
+
+<p>For free software advocates, these same projects are each seen as
+important successes. Because every piece of free software respects its
+users' freedom, advocates of software freedom argue that each piece of
+free software begins with an inherent ethical advantage over
+proprietary competitors&mdash;even a more featureful one. By emphasizing
+freedom over practical advantages, free software's advocacy is rooted
+in a technical reality in a way that open source is often not. When
+free software is better, we can celebrate this fact. When it is not,
+we need not treat it as a damning critique of free software advocacy
+or even as a compelling argument against the use of the software in
+question.</p>
+
+<p>Open source advocates must defend their thesis that freely developed
+software should, or will with time, be better than proprietary
+software. Free software supporters can instead ask, &ldquo;How can we make
+free software better?&rdquo; In a free software framing, high quality software
+exists as a means to an end rather than an end itself. Free software
+developers should strive to create functional, flexible software that
+serves its users well. But doing so is not the only way to make steps
+toward solving what is both an easier and a much more profoundly
+important goal: respecting and protecting their freedom.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, we do not need to reject arguments that collaboration can
+play an important role in creating high-quality software. In many of
+the most successful free software projects, it clearly has done
+exactly that. The benefits of collaboration become something to
+understand, support, and work towards, rather than something to take
+for granted in the face of evidence that refuses to conform to
+ideology.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/03/16 15:59:39 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+

Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.pot    16 Mar 2015 15:59:39 
-0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+# LANGUAGE translation of 
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-14 04:36+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Better"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Initiative's mission statement reads, &ldquo;Open source is "
+"a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed "
+"peer review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is "
+"better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end "
+"to predatory vendor lock-in.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For more than a decade now, the Free Software Foundation has argued against "
+"this &ldquo;open source&rdquo; characterization of the free software "
+"movement. Free software advocates have primarily argued against this framing "
+"because &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is an explicit effort to deemphasize our "
+"core message of freedom and obscure our movement's role in the success of "
+"the software we have built. We have argued that &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is "
+"bad, fundamentally, because it attempts to keep people from talking about "
+"software freedom. But there is another reason we should be wary of the open "
+"source framing. The fundamental open source argument, as quoted in the "
+"mission statement above, is often incorrect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Although the Open Source Initiative suggests &ldquo;the promise of open "
+"source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,&rdquo; this "
+"promise is not always realized. Although we do not often advertise the fact, "
+"any user of an early-stage free software project can explain that free "
+"software is not always as convenient, in purely practical terms, as its "
+"proprietary competitors. Free software is sometimes low quality. It is "
+"sometimes unreliable. It is sometimes inflexible. If people take the "
+"arguments in favor of open source seriously, they must explain why open "
+"source has not lived up to its &ldquo;promise&rdquo; and conclude that "
+"proprietary tools would be a better choice. There is no reason we should "
+"have to do either."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman speaks to this in his article on <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why Open Source "
+"Misses the Point</a> when he explains, &ldquo;The idea of open source is "
+"that allowing users to change and redistribute the software will make it "
+"more powerful and reliable. But this is not guaranteed. Developers of "
+"proprietary software are not necessarily incompetent. Sometimes they produce "
+"a program that is powerful and reliable, even though it does not respect the "
+"users' freedom.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For open source, poor-quality software is a problem to be explained away or "
+"a reason to eschew the software altogether. For free software, it is a "
+"problem to be worked through. For free software advocates, glitches and "
+"missing features are never a source of shame.  Any piece of free software "
+"that respects users' freedom has a strong inherent advantage over a "
+"proprietary competitor that does not. Even if it has other issues, free "
+"software always has freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, every piece of free software must start somewhere. A brand-new "
+"piece of software, for example, is unlikely to be more featureful than an "
+"established proprietary tool. Projects begin with many bugs and improve over "
+"time. While open source advocates might argue that a project will grow into "
+"usefulness over time and with luck, free software projects represent "
+"important contributions on day one to a free software advocate. Every piece "
+"of software that gives users control over their technology is a step "
+"forward. Improved quality as a project matures is the icing on the cake."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A second, perhaps even more damning, fact is that the collaborative, "
+"distributed, peer-review development process at the heart of the definition "
+"of open source bears little resemblance to the practice of software "
+"development in the vast majority of projects under free (or &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo;) licenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Several academic studies of free software hosting sites <a "
+"href=\"http://sf.net\";>SourceForge</a> and <a "
+"href=\"http://sv.gnu.org\";>Savannah</a> have shown what many free software "
+"developers who have put a codebase online already know first-hand. The vast "
+"majority of free software projects are not particularly collaborative. The "
+"median number of contributors to a free software project on SourceForge? "
+"One. A lone developer. SourceForge projects at the ninety-fifth percentile "
+"by participant size have only five contributors. More than half of these "
+"free software projects&mdash;and even most projects that have made several "
+"successful releases and been downloaded frequently, are the work of a single "
+"developer with little outside help."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By emphasizing the power of collaborative development and &ldquo;distributed "
+"peer review,&rdquo; open source approaches seem to have very little to say "
+"about why one should use, or contribute to, the vast majority of free "
+"software projects. Because the purported benefits of collaboration cannot be "
+"realized when there is no collaboration, the vast majority of free "
+"development projects are at no technical advantage with respect to a "
+"proprietary competitor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For free software advocates, these same projects are each seen as important "
+"successes. Because every piece of free software respects its users' freedom, "
+"advocates of software freedom argue that each piece of free software begins "
+"with an inherent ethical advantage over proprietary competitors&mdash;even a "
+"more featureful one. By emphasizing freedom over practical advantages, free "
+"software's advocacy is rooted in a technical reality in a way that open "
+"source is often not. When free software is better, we can celebrate this "
+"fact. When it is not, we need not treat it as a damning critique of free "
+"software advocacy or even as a compelling argument against the use of the "
+"software in question."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source advocates must defend their thesis that freely developed "
+"software should, or will with time, be better than proprietary "
+"software. Free software supporters can instead ask, &ldquo;How can we make "
+"free software better?&rdquo; In a free software framing, high quality "
+"software exists as a means to an end rather than an end itself. Free "
+"software developers should strive to create functional, flexible software "
+"that serves its users well. But doing so is not the only way to make steps "
+"toward solving what is both an easier and a much more profoundly important "
+"goal: respecting and protecting their freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, we do not need to reject arguments that collaboration can play an "
+"important role in creating high-quality software. In many of the most "
+"successful free software projects, it clearly has done exactly that. The "
+"benefits of collaboration become something to understand, support, and work "
+"towards, rather than something to take for granted in the face of evidence "
+"that refuses to conform to ideology."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and "
+"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 1999-2011 Benjamin Mako Hill"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""

Index: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist
diff -N when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ when_free_software_isnt_practically_superior.translist      16 Mar 2015 
15:59:39 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!-- begin translist file -->
+<!--#set var="TRANSLATION_LIST"
+value='<div id="translations">
+<p>
+<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en" 
href="/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.en.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr" 
href="/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.fr.html">français</a>&nbsp;[fr]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.ru.html">русский</a>&nbsp;[ru]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+</p>
+</div>' -->
+<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
+<!-- Fallback for old position of translist; to be removed
+     when translists in all translations are included before banner.html. -->
+<!--#echo encoding="none" var="TRANSLATION_LIST" -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<!-- end translist file -->
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