[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.zh-c...
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.zh-c... |
|
Date: |
Sun, 26 Sep 2021 22:32:25 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/26 22:32:25
Modified files:
philosophy : copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html
philosophy/po : copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html
copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
Patches:
Index: copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html 1 Jul 2021 05:30:12 -0000
1.3
+++ copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html 27 Sep 2021 02:32:23 -0000
1.4
@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ç½ç»æ¶ä»£ççæåå½é
å - GNU å·¥ç¨ -
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ç½ç»æ¶ä»£ççæåå½é
å</h2>
-<p>
-<i>以ä¸æ¯ç»è¿ç¼è¾çæ¼è®²å®å½ã该æ¼è®²äº 2001 å¹´ 4 æ 19
æ¥ä¸å 5 ç¹å° 7 ç¹å¨ <abbr title="Massachusetts
-Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> çé讯论åååºã</i></p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>以ä¸æ¯ç»è¿ç¼è¾çæ¼è®²å®å½ã该æ¼è®²äº 2001 å¹´ 4 æ 19
æ¥ä¸å 5 ç¹å° 7 ç¹å¨ <abbr title="Massachusetts
+Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> çé讯论åååºã</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
<b>DAVID THORBURNï¼ä¸»æ人</b>ï¼æ们ä»å¤©çæ¼è®²å宾ââRichard
@@ -139,8 +148,7 @@
å¨ä»ä»¬çæ¥ï¼æ°ä¸»æ¯ä¸ªéº»ç¦ï¼èè¿äºåå®ä¼è§£å³è¿äºéº»ç¦ãä¾å¦ï¼æ确信ï¼<abbr
title="åç¾èªç±è´¸æåè®®">NAFTA</abbr>
å®é
ä¸ææ¡æ¬¾å
许å
¬å¸æ§åä¸ä¸ªæ¿åºéè¿æ³å¾å¹²æ°å®ä»¬å¨å
¶ä»å½å®¶çå©æ¶¦ãæ以å¤å½å
¬å¸æ¯æ¬å½å
¬æ°æ´ææåã</p>
<p>
-ä»ä»¬è¿å¨æ©å± <abbr>NAFTA</abbr>
-çèå´ãæ¯å¦ï¼ç¾æ´²èªç±è´¸æåºçä¸ä¸ªç®æ
å°±æ¯æ以ä¸ååæ©å±å°åç¾æ´²åå
åæ¯åå½ï¼èå¤è¾¹æèµåè®®çä¼å¾æ¯å°å
¶æ©å±å°å
¨ä¸çã</p>
+ä»ä»¬è¿å¨æ©å± NAFTA
çèå´ãæ¯å¦ï¼ç¾æ´²èªç±è´¸æåºçä¸ä¸ªç®æ
å°±æ¯æ以ä¸ååæ©å±å°åç¾æ´²åå
åæ¯åå½ï¼èå¤è¾¹æèµåè®®çä¼å¾æ¯å°å
¶æ©å±å°å
¨ä¸çã</p>
<p>
å¨ 90
年代ï¼æ们çå°è¿äºåå®å¼å§æçæ强å
ç»ä¸çï¼èä¸æ¯ä»¥æ´å¼ºç¡¬ãæ´æéå¶çæ¹å¼ãè¿äºåå®ä¸æ¯èªç±è´¸æåå®ãä»ä»¬å®é
ä¸æ¯ç±ä¼ä¸æ§å¶çè´¸æåå®ï¼æ¯è¦è®©ä¼ä¸æ§å¶å
¨çè´¸æï¼ä¸ºçæ¯æ¶çèªç±è´¸æã</p>
@@ -386,10 +394,10 @@
åå®äººç±»æ²¡ææ¯çèªå·±ï¼æ们ä»å¤©ä¸ºäººç±»å建äºèªç±æè²è®¾æ½ãèªç±æè²èµæºï¼å®ä¼ä¸ç´ä¼´éç人类èåå¨ãå¦æè¦è±
20
å¹´æè½å®æï¼åæä»ä¹å
³ç³»ï¼å
æ¤ï¼ä¸è¦æ³å¤ªå¤æ´ä¸ªå·¥ä½çå·¥ä½éãæ³ä¸æ³æ们è¦åçé£é¨åå·¥ä½çå·¥ä½éãè¿ä¼åè¯äººä»¬è¿ä»¶äºå¯ä»¥å®æï¼å
æ¤å
¶ä»äººå°±ä¼å»å®æå
¶ä»é¨åã</p>
-
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>æ¬æ¼è®²åè¡¨äº <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼èªç±ä¸çï¼çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼éé</cite></a>ã</p></blockquote>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">æ¬æ¼è®²åè¡¨äº <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼èªç±ä¸çï¼çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼éé</cite></a>ã</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -408,7 +416,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) &
GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
@@ -427,13 +435,13 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -452,8 +460,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -471,7 +478,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2021/07/01 05:30:12 $
+$Date: 2021/09/27 02:32:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html 9 Apr 2021 15:32:30
-0000 1.1
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html 27 Sep 2021 02:32:24
-0000 1.2
@@ -1,26 +1,35 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks -
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</h2>
-<p>
-<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given
at <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> in
the Communications Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm -
-7:00pm</i></p>
+7:00pm</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
<b>DAVID THORBURN, moderator</b>: Our speaker today, Richard Stallman,
is a legendary figure in the computing world, and my experience in
trying to find a respondent to share the podium with him was
-instructive. One distinguished <abbr>MIT</abbr> professor told me
+instructive. One distinguished MIT professor told me
that Stallman needs to be understood as a charismatic figure in a
-biblical parable — a kind of Old Testament anecdote-lesson.
-“Imagine,” he said, “a Moses or a Jeremiah —
-better a Jeremiah.” And I said, “Well, that's very
+biblical parable—a kind of Old Testament anecdote-lesson.
+“Imagine,” he said, “a Moses or a Jeremiah—better
+a Jeremiah.” And I said, “Well, that's very
admirable.”</p>
<p>
That sounds wonderful. It confirms my sense of the kind of
@@ -101,8 +110,8 @@
writing a book and copying a book, there were other useful things you
could do. For instance, you could copy a part of a book, then write
some new words, copy some more and write some new words and on and on.
-This was called “writing a commentary” — that was a
-common thing to do — and these commentaries were
+This was called “writing a commentary”—that was a
+common thing to do—and these commentaries were
appreciated.</p>
<p>
You could also copy a passage out of one book, then write some other
@@ -192,8 +201,8 @@
<p>
Now, is this an advantageous trade? Well, when the general public
can't make copies because they can only be efficiently made on
-printing presses — and most people don't own printing presses
-— the result is that the general public is trading away a
+printing presses—and most people don't own printing presses—the
+result is that the general public is trading away a
freedom it is unable to exercise, a freedom that is of no practical
value. So if you have something that is a byproduct of your life and
it's useless and you have the opportunity to exchange it for something
@@ -229,8 +238,8 @@
priority. Copyright was easy to enforce because it was a restriction
only on publishers who were easy to find and what they published was
easy to see. Now the copyright is a restriction on each and everyone
-of you. To enforce it requires surveillance — an intrusion
-— and harsh punishments, and we are seeing these being enacted
+of you. To enforce it requires surveillance—an intrusion—and
+harsh punishments, and we are seeing these being enacted
into law in the U.S. and other countries.</p>
<p>
And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the
@@ -265,7 +274,7 @@
Clearly, this kind of campaign comes from somebody paying for it. Now
why are they doing that? I think I know. The reason is that e-books
are the opportunity to take away some of the residual freedoms that
-readers of printed books have always had and still have — the
+readers of printed books have always had and still have—the
freedom, for instance, to lend a book to your friend or borrow it from
the public library or sell a copy to a used bookstore or buy a copy
anonymously, without putting a record in the database of who bought
@@ -286,8 +295,8 @@
<p>
We see at the same time efforts to take away people's freedom in using
other kinds of published works. For instance, movies that are on DVDs
-are published in an encrypted format that used to be secret — it
-was meant to be secret — and the only way the movie companies
+are published in an encrypted format that used to be secret—it
+was meant to be secret—and the only way the movie companies
would tell you the format, so that you could make a DVD player, was if
you signed a contract to build certain restrictions into the player,
with the result that the public would be stopped even from fully
@@ -316,8 +325,8 @@
Act was passed in the first place. The reason is the campaign finance
system that we have in the U.S., which is essentially legalized
bribery where the candidates are bought by business before they even
-get elected. And, of course, they know who their master is —
-they know whom they're working for — and they pass the laws to
+get elected. And, of course, they know who their master is—they
+know whom they're working for—and they pass the laws to
give business more power.</p>
<p>
What will happen with that particular battle, we don't know. But
@@ -336,7 +345,7 @@
anyone caught doing forbidden copying. You could be sent to Siberia.
Third, soliciting informers, asking everyone to rat on their neighbors
and co-workers to the information police. Fourth, collective
-responsibility — You! You're going to watch that group! If I
+responsibility—You! You're going to watch that group! If I
catch any of them doing forbidden copying, you are going to prison.
So watch them hard. And, fifth, propaganda, starting in childhood to
convince everyone that only a horrible enemy of the people would ever
@@ -429,7 +438,7 @@
companies have more power than citizens of the country.</p>
<p>
There are attempts being made to extend this
-beyond <abbr>NAFTA</abbr>. For instance, this is one of the goals of
+beyond NAFTA. For instance, this is one of the goals of
the so-called free trade area of the Americas, to extend this
principle to all the countries in South America and the Caribbean as
well, and the multilateral agreement on investment was intended to
@@ -545,13 +554,13 @@
The next question is: Should people have the right to do commercial
verbatim copying? Or is non-commercial enough? You see, these are
two different activities we can distinguish, so that we can consider
-the questions separately — the right to do non-commercial
+the questions separately—the right to do non-commercial
verbatim copying and the right to do commercial verbatim copying.
Well, it might be a good compromise policy to have copyright cover
commercial verbatim copying but allow everyone the right to do
non-commercial verbatim copying. This way, the copyright on the
-commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions
-— only the author could approve a modified version — would
+commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions—only
+the author could approve a modified version—would
still provide the same revenue stream that it provides now to fund the
writing of these works, to whatever extent it does.</p>
<p>
@@ -559,8 +568,8 @@
copyright no longer has to intrude into everybody's home. It becomes
an industrial regulation again, easy to enforce and painless, no
longer requiring draconian punishments and informers for the sake of
-its enforcement. So we get most of the benefit — and avoid most
-of the horror — of the current system.</p>
+its enforcement. So we get most of the benefit—and avoid most
+of the horror—of the current system.</p>
<p>
The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where
the most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the
@@ -805,7 +814,7 @@
The other thing is, we do not have this digital cash payment system;
so we can't really try it today. You could try to do something a
little bit like it. There are services you can sign up for where you
-can pay money to someone — things like PayPal. But before you
+can pay money to someone—things like PayPal. But before you
can pay anyone through PayPal, you have to go through a lot of
rigmarole and give them personal information about you, and they
collect records of whom you pay. Can you trust them not to misuse
@@ -826,7 +835,7 @@
We are gradually moving from the age of the printing press to the age
of the computer network, but it's not happening in a day. People are
still buying lots of records, and that will probably continue for many
-years — maybe forever. As long as that continues, simply having
+years—maybe forever. As long as that continues, simply having
copyrights that still apply to commercial sales of records ought to do
about as good a job of supporting musicians as it does today. Of
course, that's not very good, but, at least, it won't get any
@@ -853,9 +862,9 @@
Well, clearly, that's not the way to make the public feel like sending
you money. You've got to make them love you, not fear you.</p>
<p>
-<b>SPEAKER</b>: The details were that he required a certain percentage
-— I don't know the exact percentage, around 90% sounds correct
-— of people to send a certain amount of money, which, I believe,
+<b>SPEAKER</b>: The details were that he required a certain percentage—I
+don't know the exact percentage, around 90% sounds correct—of
+people to send a certain amount of money, which, I believe,
was a dollar or two dollars, or somewhere in that order of magnitude.
You had to type in your name and your e-mail address and some other
information to get to download it and if that percentage of people was
@@ -884,8 +893,8 @@
<b>THORBURN</b>: I guess one question that occurred to me while you
were speaking, Richard, and, again, now when you're responding here to
this question is why you don't consider the ways in which the
-computer, itself, eliminates the middle men completely — in the
-way that Stephen King refused to do — and might establish a
+computer, itself, eliminates the middle men completely—in the
+way that Stephen King refused to do—and might establish a
personal relationship.</p>
<p>
<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, they can and, in fact, this voluntary donation
@@ -989,7 +998,7 @@
problem, you know. Which do we do first? How do we get the world
where people don't have to desperately get money except by removing
the control by business? And how can we remove the control by
-business except — Anyway, I don't know, but that's why I'm
+business except—Anyway, I don't know, but that's why I'm
trying to propose first a compromise copyright system and, second, the
voluntary payment supported by a compromise copyright system as a way
to provide a revenue stream to the people who write those works.</p>
@@ -1035,7 +1044,7 @@
years in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an
essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they are
much harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use
-those still images are much higher — even when I make arguments
+those still images are much higher—even when I make arguments
about intellectual inquiry and the legal category of “fair
use.” So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the
longer-term prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's
@@ -1149,7 +1158,7 @@
issue. There's just one area where an issue arises with patents that
is actually similar to these issues of freedom to copy, and that is in
the area of agriculture. Because there are certain patented things
-that can be copies, more or less — namely, living things. They
+that can be copies, more or less—namely, living things. They
copy themselves when they reproduce. It's not necessarily exact
copying; they re-shuffle the genes. But the fact is, farmers for
millennia have been making use of this capacity of the living things
@@ -1191,8 +1200,8 @@
in various different areas, but I think that in the area of education,
when you're looking for textbooks, I think I see a way it can be done.
There are a lot of teachers in the world, teachers who are not at
-prestigious universities — maybe they're in high-school; maybe
-they're in college — where they don't write and publish a lot of
+prestigious universities—maybe they're in high-school; maybe
+they're in college—where they don't write and publish a lot of
things and there's not a tremendous demand for them. But a lot of
them are smart. A lot of them know their subjects well and they could
write textbooks about lots of subjects and share them with the world
@@ -1200,7 +1209,7 @@
will have learned from them.</p>
<p>
<b>QUESTION</b>: That's what I proposed. But the funny thing is, I do
-know the history of education. That's what I do — educational,
+know the history of education. That's what I do—educational,
electronic media projects. I couldn't find an example. Do you know
of one?</p>
<p>
@@ -1249,16 +1258,16 @@
that you're going to do. That will show people it can be done, and so
others will do other pieces.</p>
-
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This speech is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This speech is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1276,13 +1285,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1303,7 +1312,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1313,7 +1322,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/09 15:32:30 $
+$Date: 2021/09/27 02:32:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po 27 Sep 2021 02:18:41 -0000
1.12
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po 27 Sep 2021 02:32:24 -0000
1.13
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-20 20:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.zh-c...,
GNUN <=