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www/philosophy kevin-cole-response.fr.html limi...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy kevin-cole-response.fr.html limi... |
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Date: |
Sun, 19 Sep 2021 14:33:56 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/19 14:33:55
Modified files:
philosophy : kevin-cole-response.fr.html
limit-patent-effect.fr.html mcvoy.fr.html
misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html motif.ca.html
motif.de.html motif.nl.html motif.pl.html
netscape-npl-old.de.html netscape-npl.de.html
netscape-npl.nl.html netscape-npl.pl.html
network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html
new-monopoly.fr.html nonfree-games.fr.html
nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html
opposing-drm.fr.html ough-interview.fr.html
patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html
pirate-party.fr.html plan-nine.id.html
plan-nine.nl.html plan-nine.pl.html
pragmatic.ar.html pragmatic.bg.html
pragmatic.ca.html pragmatic.de.html
pragmatic.el.html pragmatic.hr.html
pragmatic.it.html pragmatic.ja.html
pragmatic.ko.html pragmatic.lt.html
pragmatic.nl.html pragmatic.pl.html
pragmatic.ro.html pragmatic.uk.html
public-domain-manifesto.fr.html
reevaluating-copyright.fr.html
rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html
rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html
university.de.html university.it.html
university.nl.html university.pl.html
using-gfdl.ca.html using-gfdl.de.html
using-gfdl.id.html using-gfdl.it.html
using-gfdl.ko.html using-gfdl.nl.html
using-gfdl.pl.html using-gfdl.zh-tw.html
why-copyleft.de.html why-copyleft.it.html
why-copyleft.nl.html why-copyleft.uk.html
why-copyleft.zh-tw.html x.de.html x.ja.html
x.ko.html x.nl.html x.pl.html x.zh-tw.html
philosophy/po : copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html
free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html
kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html
limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html mcvoy.fr-en.html
moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html
motif.nl-diff.html netscape-npl.nl-diff.html
netscape-npl.pl-diff.html
network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html
new-monopoly.fr-en.html nit-india.fr-en.html
nonfree-games.fr-en.html
nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html
opposing-drm.fr-en.html
ough-interview.fr-en.html
patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html
pirate-party.fr-en.html plan-nine.nl-diff.html
pragmatic.ar-diff.html pragmatic.bg-diff.html
pragmatic.ca-diff.html pragmatic.de-diff.html
pragmatic.el-diff.html pragmatic.hr-diff.html
pragmatic.it-diff.html pragmatic.ko-diff.html
pragmatic.lt-diff.html pragmatic.nl-diff.html
pragmatic.pl-diff.html pragmatic.ro-diff.html
pragmatic.uk-diff.html
public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html
reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html
reevaluating-copyright.fr.po
rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html
rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html
stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html
university.de-diff.html university.it-diff.html
university.nl-diff.html university.pl-diff.html
using-gfdl.ko-diff.html using-gfdl.nl-diff.html
why-copyleft.it-diff.html
why-copyleft.nl-diff.html x.ko-diff.html
x.nl-diff.html x.pl-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : motif.ca-diff.html motif.de-diff.html
motif.pl-diff.html
netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html
netscape-npl.de-diff.html
plan-nine.id-diff.html plan-nine.pl-diff.html
pragmatic.ja-diff.html using-gfdl.ca-diff.html
using-gfdl.de-diff.html using-gfdl.id-diff.html
using-gfdl.it-diff.html using-gfdl.pl-diff.html
using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html
why-copyleft.de-diff.html
why-copyleft.uk-diff.html
why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html x.de-diff.html
x.ja-diff.html x.zh-tw-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.55&r2=1.56
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/mcvoy.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/motif.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/motif.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/motif.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/motif.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/new-monopoly.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.55&r2=1.56
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/nonfree-games.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.49&r2=1.50
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.70&r2=1.71
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/opposing-drm.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ough-interview.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.67&r2=1.68
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/plan-nine.id.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/plan-nine.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/plan-nine.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.hr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ja.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.lt.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ro.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.64&r2=1.65
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.57&r2=1.58
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/university.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/university.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/university.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/university.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.id.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.ja.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/x.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/mcvoy.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/motif.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nonfree-games.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/opposing-drm.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ough-interview.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.43&r2=1.44
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.ko-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/motif.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/motif.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/motif.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/plan-nine.id-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.ja-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/x.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: kevin-cole-response.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.55
retrieving revision 1.56
diff -u -b -r1.55 -r1.56
--- kevin-cole-response.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.55
+++ kevin-cole-response.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:45 -0000 1.56
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/kevin-cole-response.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Une lettre de réponse aux pièces jointes Word - Projet GNU - Free
Software
Foundation</title>
-
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, publique, licence, gpl,
licence générale publique, liberté, logiciel, pouvoir, droits, pièces
jointes, word, microsoft" />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kevin-cole-response.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Une lettre de réponse aux pièces jointes Word</h2>
+<address class="byline">par Kevin Cole</address>
+
<p>
Ceci est un message automatique :
</p>
@@ -54,23 +62,8 @@
<i>[U.S. District Court]</i> et une Cour d'appel fédérale <i>[U.S. Court of
Appeals]</i>).
</p>
+</div>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document.
- For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the document
- was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -79,7 +72,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -99,7 +92,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -112,29 +105,13 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 2003 Kevin Cole</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -146,11 +123,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: limit-patent-effect.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- limit-patent-effect.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.24
+++ limit-patent-effect.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:46 -0000 1.25
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Protéger le secteur du logiciel des brevets - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,13 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/limit-patent-effect.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Protéger le secteur du logiciel des brevets</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p><em>Une première version de cet article a été publiée sur <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/11/richard-stallman-software-patents/";>Wired</a>
-en novembre 2012.</em></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>Les brevets menacent chaque concepteur de logiciel, et les guerres de brevet
que nous avons longtemps craintes ont éclaté. Les développeurs et les
@@ -132,9 +135,20 @@
notre monde de concurrence ou de coopération… sans craindre qu'un
inconnu ne vienne balayer notre travail.</p>
+<div class="comment" role="complementary">
<p><em>Voir également : <a
href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Une réforme des brevets
n'est pas suffisante</a></em></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Une première version de cet article a été publiée sur <a
+href="https://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/11/richard-stallman-software-patents/";>Wired</a>
+en novembre 2012.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -144,7 +158,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -164,7 +178,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -193,7 +207,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -212,11 +226,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: mcvoy.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/mcvoy.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- mcvoy.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.53
+++ mcvoy.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:46 -0000 1.54
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/mcvoy.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-nonfree" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Merci, Larry McVoy - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/mcvoy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Merci, Larry McVoy</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
<p>
Pour la première fois de ma vie, je veux remercier Larry McVoy. Il a
@@ -137,23 +144,25 @@
non libres sont dangereux pour vous et pour votre communauté. Ne les laissez
pas prendre place dans votre vie.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Le mot anglais <i>free</i> a deux significations,
-« libre » et « gratuit », ce qui prête à confusion dans
l'interprétation du
-terme <i>free software</i>. En français il ne devrait pas y avoir cette
-ambiguïté car « entrée libre » est à peu près le seul cas où l'on
peut
-donner à « libre » le sens de « gratuit » ; on constate malgré tout
que le
-logiciel libre est souvent assimilé (par erreur) à du logiciel gratuit. <a
-href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li></ol></div>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Le mot anglais <i>free</i> a deux significations, « libre » et «Â
gratuit »,
+ce qui prête à confusion dans l'interprétation du terme <i>free
+software</i>. En français il ne devrait pas y avoir cette ambiguïté car
+« entrée libre » est à peu près le seul cas où l'on peut donner à «Â
libre »
+le sens de « gratuit » ; on constate malgré tout que le logiciel libre
est
+souvent assimilé (par erreur) à du logiciel gratuit.</li></ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -173,7 +182,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -188,7 +197,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -202,13 +211,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -220,11 +229,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.91
retrieving revision 1.92
diff -u -b -r1.91 -r1.92
--- misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html 12 Sep 2021 13:34:51 -0000 1.91
+++ misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:46 -0000 1.92
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Mauvaise interprétation du copyright : une série d'erreurs</h2>
-<address class="byline">par <a href="https://stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></address>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>
Quelque chose d'étrange et de dangereux est en train d'arriver à la loi sur
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/09/12 13:34:51 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: motif.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/motif.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- motif.ca.html 30 May 2021 19:03:19 -0000 1.35
+++ motif.ca.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:47 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/motif.ca.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/motif.ca.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/motif.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/motif.ca-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ca.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ca.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ca.html" -->
<h2>La Llicència de Motif</h2>
<p>per <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:19 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: motif.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/motif.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- motif.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.42
+++ motif.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:47 -0000 1.43
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/motif.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/motif.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/motif.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/motif.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Motif-Lizenz</h2>
<p>von <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: motif.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/motif.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- motif.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.14
+++ motif.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:48 -0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/motif.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/motif.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/motif.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/motif.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>De Motif-licentie</h2>
<p>door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: motif.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/motif.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- motif.pl.html 19 Jan 2016 03:59:12 -0000 1.8
+++ motif.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:48 -0000 1.9
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/motif.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/motif.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/motif.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/motif.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/motif.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Licencja Motif</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -134,7 +140,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2016/01/19 03:59:12 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: netscape-npl-old.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- netscape-npl-old.de.html 26 Oct 2017 12:58:38 -0000 1.2
+++ netscape-npl-old.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:48 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Ãber den Entwurf der <span xml:lang="en" lang="en">Netscape Public
License</span></h2>
@@ -328,7 +334,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2017/10/26 12:58:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: netscape-npl.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- netscape-npl.de.html 26 Oct 2017 18:58:37 -0000 1.2
+++ netscape-npl.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:49 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Ãber die <span xml:lang="en" lang="en">Netscape Public License</span></h2>
<p>
@@ -302,7 +308,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2017/10/26 18:58:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: netscape-npl.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- netscape-npl.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.17
+++ netscape-npl.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:49 -0000 1.18
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Over de Netscape Public License</h2>
<p>
@@ -282,7 +288,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: netscape-npl.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/netscape-npl.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- netscape-npl.pl.html 1 Mar 2016 04:27:37 -0000 1.37
+++ netscape-npl.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:50 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/netscape-npl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>O Netscape Public License</h2>
<p>
@@ -313,7 +319,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2016/03/01 04:27:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.47
retrieving revision 1.48
diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10
-0000 1.47
+++ network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:50
-0000 1.48
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Les services en ligne ne sont ni libres ni privateurs ; ils posent
d'autres
@@ -9,14 +12,20 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Les services en ligne ne sont ni libres ni privateurs ; ils posent
d'autres
problèmes</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<p><strong>Les programmes et les services sont deux choses différentes. Un
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>Les programmes et les services sont deux choses différentes. Un
programme est une Åuvre que vous pouvez exécuter, un service est une
-activité avec laquelle vous pouvez interagir.</strong></p>
+activité avec laquelle vous pouvez interagir.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>Pour les programmes, nous établissons une distinction entre libre et non
libre (privateur, ou propriétaire). Plus précisément, cette distinction
@@ -167,20 +176,22 @@
privilégier les architectures pair-à -pair plutôt que les communications
centralisées reposant sur un serveur, pour les activités qui, par nature, ne
nécessitent pas de plateforme centrale.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1"><cite>Franklin Street Statement on Freedom and Network
-Services</cite> : déclaration de Franklin Street sur la liberté et les
-services en ligne. <a href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li></ol></div>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+<cite>Franklin Street Statement on Freedom and Network Services</cite>Â :
+déclaration de Franklin Street sur la liberté et les services en
+ligne.</li></ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -200,7 +211,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -229,7 +240,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012-2014, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -248,7 +259,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: new-monopoly.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/new-monopoly.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.55
retrieving revision 1.56
diff -u -b -r1.55 -r1.56
--- new-monopoly.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.55
+++ new-monopoly.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.56
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/new-monopoly.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le Congrès des Ãtats-Unis menace d'établir un nouveau type de
monopole -
@@ -9,7 +12,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Le Congrès des Ãtats-Unis menace d'établir un nouveau type de
monopole</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
Cette année aux Ãtats-Unis, des entreprises souhaitant obtenir un monopole
@@ -195,35 +203,38 @@
<a
href="mailto:database-letters@gnu.org";><database-letters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-<pre>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
+<p>
Cher Représentant Untel,
-
+</p><p>
Le Congrès examine un projet de loi pour établir une nouvelle sorte de
-monopole sur les bases de données électroniques. Je suis contre l'idée
-de base elle-même, car cela diminuerait la liberté des utilisateurs
-de l'informatique. Aucun intérêt privé ne devrait être à même de
-contrôler la divulgation d'informations qui sont du domaine public.
-En tant que mesure pour promouvoir les affaires, c'est prématuré :
-Internet change très rapidement, et passer une loi à ce sujet en 1999,
-quelle qu'elle soit, serait dangereux.
-
-
+monopole sur les bases de données électroniques. Je suis contre l'idée de
+base elle-même, car cela diminuerait la liberté des utilisateurs de
+l'informatique. Aucun intérêt privé ne devrait être à même de contrôler
la
+divulgation d'informations qui sont du domaine public. En tant que mesure
+pour promouvoir les affaires, c'est prématuré : Internet change très
+rapidement, et passer une loi à ce sujet en 1999, quelle qu'elle soit,
+serait dangereux.
+</p><p>
Deux propositions de loi sont envisagées ; HR 354 est particulièrement
drastique et dangereuse, alors que HRÂ 1858 l'est moins. Si vous avez
-l'occasion de choisir entre les deux par votre vote, je vous prie de
-choisir HRÂ 1858. Mais quand la proposition de loi sur le monopole des bases
-de données parviendra au vote final, je vous demande de voter contre elle,
+l'occasion de choisir entre les deux par votre vote, je vous prie de choisir
+HRÂ 1858. Mais quand la proposition de loi sur le monopole des bases de
+données parviendra au vote final, je vous demande de voter contre elle,
quels qu'en soient les détails.
-
-Sincèrement,
+</p><p>
+Sincèrement,<br />
Jane Q. Public
-</pre>
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
<p>
Il existe une <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906221815/http://www.senate.gov/senators/senator_by_state.cfm";>liste
des sénateurs</a> et un service pour <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611003520/https://forms.house.gov/wyr/welcome.shtml";>vous
aider à écrire</a> à vos représentants au Congrès des Ãtats-Unis.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -233,7 +244,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -253,7 +264,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -282,7 +293,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: nonfree-games.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/nonfree-games.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.49
retrieving revision 1.50
diff -u -b -r1.49 -r1.50
--- nonfree-games.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.49
+++ nonfree-games.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.50
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/nonfree-games.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Des jeux non libres avec DRM sur GNU/Linux : bon ou mauvais ? -
Projet GNU -
@@ -9,9 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nonfree-games.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Des jeux non libres avec DRM sur GNU/Linux : bon ou mauvais ?</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>Une entreprise bien connue, Valve, qui distribue des jeux non libres pour
ordinateur avec gestion numérique des restrictions (<abbr title="Digital
@@ -45,8 +52,8 @@
<p>Cependant, si de toute façon vous utilisez ces jeux, vous feriez mieux de
les utiliser sur GNU/Linux plutôt que sur Microsoft Windows. Au moins, vous
-éviterez que <a href="http://upgradefromwindows8.org/";>Windows ne porte
-atteinte à votre liberté</a>.</p>
+éviterez que <a href="https://www.fsf.org/windows";>Windows ne porte atteinte
+à votre liberté</a>.</p>
<p>Ainsi, sur le plan pratique direct, cet événement peut faire à la fois du
mal et du bien. Il pourrait encourager les utilisateurs de GNU/Linux Ã
@@ -86,30 +93,32 @@
disponibilité de ces jeux sur GNU/Linux. à la place, vous pourriez parler
aux gens du <a href="https://libregamewiki.org/Main_Page";>wiki des jeux
libres</a> qui essaie de faire un catalogue de jeux libres, du <a
-href="http://forum.freegamedev.net/index.php";>Free Game Dev Forum</a> (Forum
-des développeurs de jeux libres) et de la nuit du jeu libre du <a
-href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:LibrePlanet_Gaming_Collective";>LibrePlanet
+href="https://forum.freegamedev.net/index.php";>Free Game Dev Forum</a>
+(Forum des développeurs de jeux libres) et de la nuit du jeu libre du <a
+href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:LibrePlanet_Gaming_Collective";>LibrePlanet
Gaming Collective</a> (Collectif du jeu de LibrePlanet). </p>
-<h3>Notes</h3>
+<h3>Note</h3>
<p>
<a
-href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20191125215630/http://onpon4.github.io/articles/gaming-trap.html";>Attention
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191125215630/http://onpon4.github.io/articles/gaming-trap.html";>Attention
aux « données de jeu non libres » qui, de fait, contiennent du
logiciel</a>.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Le mot anglais <i>free</i> veut dire « libre », mais
-aussi « gratuit ». <a href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li></ol></div>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Le mot anglais <i>free</i> veut dire « libre », mais aussi
+« gratuit ».</li></ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -129,7 +138,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -158,7 +167,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2021 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -176,7 +185,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.70
retrieving revision 1.71
diff -u -b -r1.70 -r1.71
--- nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.70
+++ nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.71
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Appliquer le copyleft à de l'information qui n'est pas du logiciel -
Projet
@@ -10,21 +12,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nonsoftware-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Appliquer le copyleft à de l'information qui n'est pas du logiciel</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://dsl.org/";><strong>Michael Stutz</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="http://dsl.org/";>Michael
Stutz></a></address>
<h3 id="what">Primo, qu'est-ce que le copyleft ?</h3>
<p>
On peut lire la définition de « <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> » dans le lexique du hacker, <a
-href="http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/c/copyleft.html";>Jargon
-File</a>Â [en]Â :</p>
+href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> » dans le lexique du hacker, <a
+href="http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/c/copyleft.html";>Jargon File</a>Â :</p>
<blockquote><p>
- <i>copyleft: /kop'ee-left/ [play on `copyright'] n. 1. The copyright notice
-(`General Public License') carried by GNU EMACS and other Free Software
+ <i>copyleft: /kop'ee-left/ [play on âcopyrightâ] n. 1. The copyright
notice
+(âGeneral Public Licenseâ) carried by GNU EMACS and other Free Software
Foundation software, granting reuse and reproduction rights to all comers
(but see also General Public Virus). 2. By extension, any copyright notice
intended to achieve similar aims.</i><br/><br />Traduction :<br />copyleft :
@@ -36,12 +41,12 @@
destiné à atteindre des buts similaires.
</p></blockquote>
-<p>Le über-hacker <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a>Â
[en]
-inventa l'idée de <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> en 1983
+<p>Le über-hacker <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a>Â
[en]
+inventa l'idée de <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> en 1983
quand il démarra le <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">projet GNU</a>. Pour
résumer, son but était « de développer un système d'exploitation libre de
type Unix ». Comme partie intégrante de son objectif, il conçut et écrivit
-la <a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>Â [en] (licence
+la <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>Â [en] (licence
publique générale GNU, ou GNU GPL), une construction juridique qui inclut un
avis de copyright, mais qui le complète (ou, techniquement, lui retire
certaines restrictions) de sorte que ses clauses prévoient la liberté de
@@ -153,73 +158,63 @@
Finalement, pour des Åuvres non logicielles la ligne de « copyright »
incluse au début du « code source » de l'Åuvre est légèrement
modifiée :</p>
-<pre>
- <one line to give the work's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
- Copyright (C) yyyy <name of author>
-
- This information is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- This work is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software
- Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
- MA 02110-1301, USA.
-
-Traduction non officielle :
-
- <une ligne pour indiquer le nom de l'Åuvre et donner une idée
- de ce qu'elle est censée faire.>
- Copyright © aaaa <nom de l'auteur>
-
- Cette information est libre, vous pouvez la redistribuer et/ou la
- modifier selon les termes de la <i>GNU General Public License</i>
- telle que publiée par la <i>Free Software Foundation</i> ; soit la
- version 2 de cette licence, soit (Ã votre choix) toute autre version
- ultérieure.
-
- Ce programme est distribué dans l'espoir qu'il sera utile, mais
- SANS AUCUNE GARANTIE ; sans même la garantie tacite de QUALITÃ
- MARCHANDE ou D'ADÃQUATION Ã UN BUT PARTICULIER. Pour plus
- de détails, reportez-vous à la <i>GNU General Public License</i>.
-
- Vous devez avoir reçu une copie de la <i>GNU General Public License</i>
- avec cette Åuvre ; si ce n'est pas le cas, écrivez à  :
- Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
- Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
-</pre>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
+<p>
+ <une ligne pour indiquer le nom de l'Åuvre et donner une idée de ce
+qu'elle est censée faire.><br />
+ Copyright (C) aaaa <nom de l'auteur>
+</p><p>
+ <i>This information is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
+any later version.</i>
+</p><p>
+ <i>This work is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
+more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+License along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.</i></p>
+<p>Traduction non officielleâ¯:</p><p>Cette information est libre, vous
+pouvez la redistribuer et/ou la modifier selon les termes de la <i>GNU
+General Public License</i> telle que publiée par la <i>Free Software
+Foundation</i>Â ; soit la version 2 de cette licence, soit (Ã votre choix)
+toute autre version ultérieure.</p><p>Ce programme est distribué dans
+l'espoir qu'il sera utile, mais SANS AUCUNE GARANTIE ; sans même la garantie
+tacite de QUALITÃ MARCHANDE ou D'ADÃQUATION Ã UN BUT PARTICULIER. Pour plus
+de détails, reportez-vous à la <i>GNU General Public License</i>. Vous devez
+avoir reçu une copie de la <i>GNU General Public License</i> avec cette
+Åuvre ; si ce n'est pas le cas, écrivez à  : Free Software Foundation,
Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
-<h3 id="where">Où dois-je aller maintenant ?</h3>
+<h3 id="where">Qu'est-ce que je fais maintenant ?</h3>
<p>Voici des sources d'information supplémentaire sur le copyleft, tel qu'il
est appliqué notamment à de l'information qui n'est pas du logiciel :</p>
<p>Le <a href="/home.html">reste de ce site</a> est dédié au projet GNU ;
c'est
la source canonique pour le copyleft et le logiciel libre <a
-href="#f1">(1)</a>.</p>
+href="#f1">[1]</a>.</p>
-<p><a href="http://www.ram.org/";>Ram Samudrala</a> a écrit la <a
-href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html";>Free Music
-Philosophy</a> [en] (philosophie de la musique libre) et crée de la musique
-copyleftée, de même que le groupe Twisted Helices.</p>
+<p><a href="http://www.ram.org/";>Ram Samudrala</a> a écrit <cite><a
+href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html";>The Free Music
+Philosophy</a></cite> (Philosophie de la musique libre) et crée de la
+musique copyleftée avec le groupe <i>Twisted Helices</i>.</p>
<p>Quelques-unes de mes propres Åuvres non logicielles copyleftées incluent
des
écrits (textes littéraires, exposés de synthèse, <a
href="http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_toc.html";>articles techniques</a> et
de la musique.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 id="fn">Note</h3>
-
+<h3 id="fn" class="footnote">Note</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">Avant 2020, l'expression « logiciel librement redistribuable »
était
utilisée ici pour désigner le logiciel libre, ce qui prêtait Ã
confusion.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -229,7 +224,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -249,7 +244,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -262,22 +257,6 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1997, 2020 Michael Stutz</p>
<p>
@@ -296,7 +275,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: opposing-drm.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/opposing-drm.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.56
retrieving revision 1.57
diff -u -b -r1.56 -r1.57
--- opposing-drm.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.56
+++ opposing-drm.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.57
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/opposing-drm.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>S'opposer à la mégestion numérique des droits - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,18 +12,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/opposing-drm.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>S'opposer à la mégestion numérique des droits<br />
<span style="font-size: .7em">(ou à la gestion numérique des restrictions,
comme nous l'appelons maintenant)</span></h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
-</p>
-<p><em>Publié à l'origine sur <cite>BusinessWeek Online</cite>.</em></p>
-
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>Rejoignez notre campagne contre les
-DRM</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>En 1989, dans un monde très différent, j'écrivais la première version
de la
licence publique générale GNU, une licence qui donne aux utilisateurs
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@
avant même que nous les achetions ; ils sont conçus pour restreindre ce que
nous pouvons en faire.
</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary"><p>
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";>Rejoignez notre campagne contre
+les DRM</a>.
+</p></div>
+
<p>
D'abord, il y a eu le TiVo. Les gens peuvent penser qu'il s'agit d'un
appareil pour enregistrer les programmes TV, mais il contient un vrai
@@ -96,10 +102,9 @@
« robustes », ce qui veut dire que vous ne pourrez pas les modifier. Leurs
concepteurs voudront sûrement y inclure du logiciel sous GPL, en piétinant
la liberté n°Â 1. Ce plan doit être « AACSisé »<a
id="TransNote1-rev"
-href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a> ; un boycott des DVD haute définition et
-des Blu-ray a déjà été annoncé (<a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140217075603/http://bluraysucks.com/";>http://bluraysucks.com/
-[archivé]</a>).
+href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a>Â ; <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140217075603/http://bluraysucks.com/";>un
+boycott des DVD haute définition et des Blu-ray a déjà été annoncé</a>.
</p>
<p>
Permettre à quelques sociétés de mettre en place un stratagème visant Ã
@@ -150,19 +155,25 @@
dispositifs de DRM.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<p>Publié à l'origine sur <cite>BusinessWeek Online</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Jeu de mots entre AACS et <i>axe</i> (hache), qui se
-prononcent à peu près de la même façon en anglais. <a
href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Jeu de mots entre AACS et <i>axe</i> (hache), qui se prononcent à peu près
+de la même façon en anglais.</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -182,7 +193,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -211,7 +222,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2006, 2017 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -229,11 +240,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: ough-interview.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ough-interview.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- ough-interview.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.40
+++ ough-interview.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.41
@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ough-interview.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Un entretien pour OUGH! - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ough-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Un entretien pour <cite>OUGH!</cite></h2>
-<p><em>Transcription d'un entretien avec Richard Stallman conduit par Theodoros
-Papatheodorou [<a href="#f1">1</a>] en mai 2012.</em></p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription d'un entretien avec Richard Stallman conduit par Theodoros
+Papatheodorouâ¯<a href="#f1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> en mai 2012.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
<p>Richard Stallman, activiste du logiciel libre et développeur de logiciels,
@@ -1054,13 +1063,15 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Note</h3>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
<ol>
<li id="f1">Theodoros Papatheodorou <<a
href="mailto:marinero@gmail.com";>marinero@gmail.com</a>> est docteur en
informatique et enseigne à l'Ãcole des beaux-arts d'Athènes.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -1086,7 +1097,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -1106,7 +1117,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -1135,7 +1146,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2019 Richard Stallman, Theodoros Papatheodorou</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2021 Richard Stallman, Theodoros Papatheodorou</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -1153,11 +1164,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.67
retrieving revision 1.68
diff -u -b -r1.67 -r1.68
--- patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.67
+++ patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.68
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="esays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Une réforme des brevets n'est pas suffisante - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,7 +12,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Une réforme des brevets n'est pas suffisante</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
Lorsque les gens apprennent que les brevets logiciels posent problème, on
@@ -110,9 +118,9 @@
this
petition</a> for a Europe free of software patents, and -->
Il y a un effort important en Europe pour stopper les brevets
-logiciels. Consultez le <a href="http://www.ffii.org";>site web de la
-FFII</a> pour obtenir plus de détails sur ce que vous pouvez faire pour
-aider.</p>
+logiciels. Consultez le <a href="https://ffii.org/";>site web de la FFII</a>
+pour obtenir plus de détails sur ce que vous pouvez faire pour aider.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -122,7 +130,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -142,7 +150,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -155,8 +163,23 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2008, 2019 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -174,11 +197,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: pirate-party.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- pirate-party.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.54
+++ pirate-party.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.55
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pirate-party.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Pourquoi les propositions du Parti pirate suédois se retournent contre
le
@@ -9,18 +12,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi les propositions du Parti pirate suédois se retournent contre le
logiciel libre</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
Note : chaque parti pirate a son programme particulier. Ils appellent tous Ã
réduire le pouvoir du copyright, mais les détails varient. Les positions des
autres partis pirates ne posent peut-être pas ce problème.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</div>
<p>La campagne de harcèlement à laquelle se livre l'industrie du copyright en
Suède a conduit à la création du premier parti politique dont le programme
@@ -130,19 +137,21 @@
le Parti pirate suédois devrait éviter d'infliger un handicap à un mouvement
spécifique lorsqu'il se propose de défendre la population contre les géants
prédateurs.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â :
-propriétaire. <a href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i> : propriétaire.</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -162,7 +171,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -177,7 +186,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -191,13 +200,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2012, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -209,11 +218,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: plan-nine.id.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/plan-nine.id.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- plan-nine.id.html 8 Dec 2016 16:27:46 -0000 1.10
+++ plan-nine.id.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:51 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.id.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/plan-nine.id.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.id-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.id.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.id.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.id.html" -->
<h2>Permasalahan Dengan Lisensi (Semula) Plan 9</h2>
<p>oleh <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
@@ -218,7 +224,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Perubahan terakhir:
-$Date: 2016/12/08 16:27:46 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:51 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: plan-nine.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/plan-nine.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- plan-nine.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.17
+++ plan-nine.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.18
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/plan-nine.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>De Problemen met de -Vroegere Versie van de- Plan 9 Licentie</h2>
<p>door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
@@ -204,7 +210,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: plan-nine.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/plan-nine.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- plan-nine.pl.html 16 Jan 2016 00:05:01 -0000 1.37
+++ plan-nine.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/plan-nine.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/plan-nine.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Problemy zwiÄ
zane z (wczeÅniejszÄ
) licencjÄ
systemu Plan 9</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -220,7 +226,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2016/01/16 00:05:01 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- pragmatic.ar.html 30 May 2021 17:01:47 -0000 1.20
+++ pragmatic.ar.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.21
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ar.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ar.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©: اÙÙ
ثاÙÙØ© اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ©</h2>
<p>
@@ -224,7 +230,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 17:01:47 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- pragmatic.bg.html 29 May 2021 12:59:49 -0000 1.13
+++ pragmatic.bg.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.bg.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.bg.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.bg.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.bg.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: ÐÑагмаÑиÑниÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñм</h2>
<p>
@@ -244,7 +250,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2021/05/29 12:59:49 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- pragmatic.ca.html 1 Jun 2021 12:29:38 -0000 1.44
+++ pragmatic.ca.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.45
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ca.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ca.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ca.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ca.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ca.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: idealisme pragmà tic</h2>
<p>
@@ -234,7 +240,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2021/06/01 12:29:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.47
retrieving revision 1.48
diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- pragmatic.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.47
+++ pragmatic.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.48
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft. Pragmatischer Idealismus</h2>
<p>
@@ -249,7 +255,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- pragmatic.el.html 31 May 2021 16:00:29 -0000 1.5
+++ pragmatic.el.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.6
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: Î ÏαγμαÏιÏÏικÏÏ Î¹Î´ÎµÎ±Î»Î¹ÏμÏÏ</h2>
<p>
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 16:00:29 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.hr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- pragmatic.hr.html 30 May 2021 19:32:28 -0000 1.14
+++ pragmatic.hr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.hr.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.hr.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.hr.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: pragmatiÄni idealizam</h2>
<p>
@@ -228,7 +234,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Zadnji put promijenjeno:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:32:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- pragmatic.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:16 -0000 1.33
+++ pragmatic.it.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: idealismo pragmatico</h2>
<p>
@@ -243,7 +249,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.ja.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ja.html,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- pragmatic.ja.html 1 Jul 2021 02:03:51 -0000 1.42
+++ pragmatic.ja.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.43
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ja.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ja.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ja.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ja.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ja.html" -->
<h2>ã³ãã¼ã¬ãã: å®éçãªçæ³ä¸»ç¾©</h2>
<p>
@@ -151,7 +157,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æçµæ´æ°:
-$Date: 2021/07/01 02:03:51 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- pragmatic.ko.html 1 Jun 2021 12:29:38 -0000 1.30
+++ pragmatic.ko.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.31
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ko.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ko.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ko.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<h2>ì¹´í¼ë íí¸: ì¤ì©ì ì¸ ì´ì주ì</h2>
<p>
@@ -181,7 +187,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2021/06/01 12:29:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.lt.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.lt.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- pragmatic.lt.html 30 May 2021 19:32:28 -0000 1.5
+++ pragmatic.lt.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.6
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.lt.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.lt.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.lt.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.lt.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.lt.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: pragmatiškas idealizmas</h2>
<p>
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Atnaujinta:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:32:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- pragmatic.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.21
+++ pragmatic.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.22
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Auteursplicht: Pragmatisch Idealisme</h2>
<p>
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- pragmatic.pl.html 1 Jun 2021 17:00:02 -0000 1.59
+++ pragmatic.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.60
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatyczny idealizm</h2>
<p>
@@ -258,7 +264,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2021/06/01 17:00:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.ro.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.ro.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- pragmatic.ro.html 1 Jun 2021 12:29:38 -0000 1.14
+++ pragmatic.ro.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:52 -0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ro.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ro.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ro.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ro.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ro.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft: idealism pragmatic</h2>
<p>
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ActualizatÄ:
-$Date: 2021/06/01 12:29:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:52 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: pragmatic.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- pragmatic.uk.html 31 May 2021 20:31:36 -0000 1.11
+++ pragmatic.uk.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.12
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>ÐопÑлеÑÑ: пÑагмаÑиÑна пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ</h2>
<p>
@@ -239,7 +245,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 20:31:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: public-domain-manifesto.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
retrieving revision 1.46
diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- public-domain-manifesto.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.45
+++ public-domain-manifesto.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.46
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Pourquoi je ne signerai pas le manifeste pour le domaine public -
Projet GNU
@@ -10,9 +13,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/public-domain-manifesto.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi je ne signerai pas le manifeste pour le domaine public</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>Le <a href="https://publicdomainmanifesto.org/manifesto/#fr";>manifeste pour
le domaine public</a> a le cÅur à la bonne place puisqu'il s'oppose Ã
@@ -31,23 +38,24 @@
<p>Le manifeste et ses signataires emploient le terme « propriété
intellectuelle », qui jette la confusion dans le débat sur le copyright en
le mélangeant avec une douzaine d'autres lois qui n'ont à peu près rien de
-commun avec lui (voir <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>
-pour des explications supplémentaires sur cette question). Comble de
-l'ironie, le manifeste emploie cette expression pour la première fois dans
-une phrase soulignant qu'il ne s'intéresse qu'à la loi sur le copyright, pas
-aux autres. Ceci pour une bonne raison : les autres lois n'ont rien à voir
-avec la copie et l'utilisation d'Åuvres publiées. Si nous cherchons Ã
-enseigner au public la différence entre ces lois, nous devons éviter de
-créer un précédent où elles sont mises en vrac dans le même panier.</p>
+commun avec lui (voir «â¯<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Vous avez dit
+âpropriété intellectuelleââ¯? Un séduisant mirage</a>â¯Â» pour des
explications
+supplémentaires sur cette question). Comble de l'ironie, le manifeste
+emploie cette expression pour la première fois dans une phrase soulignant
+qu'il ne s'intéresse qu'à la loi sur le copyright, pas aux autres. Ceci pour
+une bonne raison : les autres lois n'ont rien à voir avec la copie et
+l'utilisation d'Åuvres publiées. Si nous cherchons à enseigner au public la
+différence entre ces lois, nous devons éviter de créer un précédent où
elles
+sont mises en vrac dans le même panier.</p>
<p>Le principe général 2 répète l'erreur fréquente selon laquelle le
copyright
rétablirait l'équilibre entre l'intérêt public et « la protection et la
rémunération des auteurs ». Cette erreur empêche de se former un jugement
correct sur les différentes questions de la politique du copyright, puisque
-cette dernière devrait se baser sur l'intérêt général. <a
-href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html</a>
-explique cette erreur et comment l'éviter.</p>
+cette dernière devrait se baser sur l'intérêt général. «â¯<a
+href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Mauvaise interprétation du
+copyrightâ¯: une série d'erreurs</a>â¯Â» explique cette erreur et comment
+l'éviter.</p>
<p>Il serait difficile de rester à l'écart d'une campagne dont les objectifs
sont louables, simplement parce qu'elle emploie une terminologie
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@
copyright. Elle omet la question du libre partage des copies d'Åuvres
publiées, donc ne s'intéresse pas à la manifestation la plus néfaste du
copyright : la sauvage <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/war-on-sharing-riaa-lawsuits";>guerre
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/war-on-sharing-riaa-lawsuits";>guerre
contre le partage</a> que l'industrie du divertissement est en train de
mener.</p>
@@ -98,9 +106,10 @@
public, de bien vouloir me rejoindre pour exiger la liberté de partager, de
manière non commerciale, des copies de toutes les Åuvres publiées. De plus,
je les invite à rejoindre <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a> (défectueux Ã
-dessein) pour nous aider dans notre combat contre la gestion numérique des
-restrictions, où qu'elle se manifeste.</p>
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";><i>Defective by Design</i></a>
+(Défectueux à dessein) pour nous aider dans notre combat contre la gestion
+numérique des restrictions, où qu'elle se manifeste.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -110,7 +119,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -130,7 +139,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -159,7 +168,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2015, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -177,11 +186,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: reevaluating-copyright.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.64
retrieving revision 1.65
diff -u -b -r1.64 -r1.65
--- reevaluating-copyright.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.64
+++ reevaluating-copyright.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.65
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Dans une réévaluation du copyright, le public doit être prioritaire
- Projet
@@ -9,56 +12,57 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Dans une réévaluation du copyright, le public doit être prioritaire</h2>
-<pre>
- Dans une réévaluation du copyright, le public doit être
prioritaire
- [Paru dans l'<cite>Oregon Law Review</cite>, printemps
1996]
-
- Richard Stallman
-</pre>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a>â¯<a
+href="#ft1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></address>
<p>Le monde du droit est conscient que les technologies numériques de
-l'information posent « des problèmes de copyright », mais n'est pas
remonté
-à la source de ces problèmes : un conflit fondamental entre les éditeurs
+l'information posent «â¯des problèmes de copyrightâ¯Â», mais n'est pas
remonté
+à la source de ces problèmesâ¯: un conflit fondamental entre les éditeurs
d'Åuvres sous copyright et les utilisateurs de ces Åuvres. Les éditeurs,
comprenant où étaient leurs intérêts propres, ont déposé une proposition,
-via l'administration Clinton, pour stopper ces « problèmes » en faisant
-pencher le conflit en leur faveur. Cette proposition, le <cite>Lehman White
-Paper</cite> <a href="#ft2">[2]</a> (livre blanc), fut le thème principal du
-congrès <cite>Innovation and the Information Environment</cite> (Innovation
-dans l'environnement de l'information) à l'Université d'Orégon
+via l'administration Clinton, pour stopper ces «â¯problèmesâ¯Â» en faisant
+pencher le conflit en leur faveur. Cette proposition, le <i>Lehman White
+Paper</i>â¯<a href="#ft2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> (livre blanc), fut le thème
+principal du congrès <cite>Innovation and the Information Environment</cite>
+(Innovation dans l'environnement de l'information) à l'Université d'Orégon
(novembre 1995).</p>
-<p>John Perry Barlow <a href="#ft3">[3]</a>, dans sa conférence d'ouverture,
-nous a expliqué comment le groupe musical <i>The Grateful Dead</i> a reconnu
-et géré ce conflit. Ses membres ont décidé qu'il serait mauvais
d'intervenir
-pour faire cesser la copie de leurs concerts sur cassettes ou leur
-distribution sur Internet, mais ne voient rien de mal à faire appliquer le
-copyright sur les enregistrements CD de leur musique.</p>
+<p>John Perry Barlowâ¯<a href="#ft3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>, dans sa conférence
+d'ouverture, nous a expliqué comment le groupe musical <i>The Grateful
+Dead</i> a reconnu et géré ce conflit. Ses membres ont décidé qu'il serait
+mauvais d'intervenir pour faire cesser la copie de leurs concerts sur
+cassettes ou leur distribution sur Internet, mais ne voient rien de mal Ã
+faire appliquer le copyright sur les enregistrements CD de leur musique.</p>
<p>Barlow n'a pas analysé les raisons pour lesquelles ce support est traité
-différemment et, plus tard, Gary Glisson <a href="#ft4">[4]</a> a critiqué
-l'idée de Barlow qu'Internet est inexplicablement unique et comparable Ã
-rien d'autre au monde. Et d'argumenter que nous devrions être capables de
-déterminer ce qu'implique Internet pour la politique du copyright avec les
-mêmes méthodes d'analyse que nous appliquons aux autres technologies. C'est
-justement ce que tente de faire cet article.</p>
+différemment et, plus tard, Gary Glissonâ¯<a href="#ft4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>
a
+critiqué l'idée de Barlow qu'Internet est inexplicablement unique et
+comparable à rien d'autre au monde. Et d'argumenter que nous devrions être
+capables de déterminer ce qu'implique Internet pour la politique du
+copyright avec les mêmes méthodes d'analyse que nous appliquons aux autres
+technologies. C'est justement ce que tente de faire cet article.</p>
<p>Barlow a suggéré que nos intuitions sur les objets matériels (que nous
considérons comme des biens) ne peuvent être transférées à l'information
(qui serait alors vue comme un bien également), car l'information est
-« abstraite ». Comme l'a remarqué Steven Winter <a href="#ft5">[5]</a>,
la
-propriété, le bien abstrait, existe depuis des siècles. Les parts dans une
-société, les opérations à terme et même la monnaie papier sont des formes
de
-biens plus ou moins abstraits. Barlow et d'autres, qui soutiennent que
-l'information doit être libre, ne rejettent pas ces autres formes de
-propriété abstraite. En clair, la différence cruciale entre l'information et
-les formes acceptables de propriété n'est pas, en soi, le fait qu'elle soit
-abstraite. Qu'est-ce donc ? Je propose une explication simple et
concrète.</p>
+«â¯abstraiteâ¯Â». Comme l'a remarqué Steven Winterâ¯<a
+href="#ft5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, la propriété, le bien abstrait, existe
+depuis des siècles. Les parts dans une société, les opérations à terme et
+même la monnaie papier sont des formes de biens plus ou moins
+abstraits. Barlow et d'autres, qui soutiennent que l'information doit être
+libre, ne rejettent pas ces autres formes de propriété abstraite. En clair,
+la différence cruciale entre l'information et les formes acceptables de
+propriété n'est pas, en soi, le fait qu'elle soit abstraite. Qu'est-ce
+donc� Je propose une explication simple et concrète.</p>
<p>Le droit américain du copyright considère ce dernier comme un marché
passé
-entre le public et les « auteurs » (même si dans la pratique, ce sont en
+entre le public et les «â¯auteursâ¯Â» (même si dans la pratique, ce sont en
général les éditeurs qui se substituent aux auteurs dans la négociation).
Le
public cède certaines libertés en échange d'un supplément d'Åuvres
publiées,
dont il profite. Jusqu'au livre blanc, notre gouvernement n'avait jamais
@@ -66,9 +70,9 @@
ces Åuvres. Le copyright implique d'abandonner certaines libertés et de
garder les autres. Ce qui signifie qu'il existe de nombreux marchés
alternatifs que le public pourrait proposer aux éditeurs. Alors, quelle est
-la meilleure affaire pour le public ? Quelles sont les libertés qu'il vaut
-la peine d'échanger et pour combien de temps ? Les réponses dépendent de
-deux choses : du nombre de publications supplémentaires que le public
+la meilleure affaire pour le public� Quelles sont les libertés qu'il vaut
+la peine d'échanger et pour combien de temps� Les réponses dépendent de
+deux chosesâ¯: du nombre de publications supplémentaires que le public
obtiendrait en abandonnant une liberté donnée et de l'avantage qu'il
tirerait du maintien de cette liberté.</p>
@@ -77,16 +81,16 @@
d'objets physiques, ou même avec les anciennes règles de la propriété
intellectuelle. Winter a présenté des arguments convaincants pour dire qu'il
est possible de faire de telles analogies, de dépoussiérer nos vieux
-concepts et de les appliquer à de nouvelles décisions <a
-href="#ft6">[6]</a>. Cela donnera sûrement une réponse, mais pas la
-bonne. L'analogie n'est pas une manière valable de décider ce qu'il faut
+concepts et de les appliquer à de nouvelles décisionsâ¯<a
+href="#ft6"><sup>[6]</sup></a>. Cela donnera sûrement une réponse, mais pas
+la bonne. L'analogie n'est pas une manière valable de décider ce qu'il faut
acheter et à quel prix.</p>
<p>Pour prendre un exemple, on ne décide pas de construire une autoroute dans
la ville de New York par analogie à une décision antérieure d'autoroute dans
l'Iowa. Dans chacune de ces prises de décision interviennent les mêmes
facteurs (le coût, l'intensité de la circulation, l'expropriation de
-terrains bâtis ou non) ; prendre la décision de construire une autoroute par
+terrains bâtis ou non)â¯; prendre la décision de construire une autoroute
par
analogie à des décisions antérieures revient à construire toutes les
autoroutes proposées, ou aucune. Au lieu de cela, nous jugeons chaque
proposition de construction d'autoroute en fonction du pour et du contre, le
@@ -96,12 +100,12 @@
pas tels qu'ils se sont appliqués dans le passé à d'autres supports.</p>
<p>Cela montre aussi pourquoi le principe de Laurence Tribe (pour le discours,
-les droits ne devraient pas dépendre du choix du support) <a
-href="#ft7">[7]</a> ne peut s'appliquer aux décisions sur le copyright. Ce
-dernier est un marché passé avec le public, pas un droit naturel. Les enjeux
-de la politique du copyright sont de déterminer les marchés les plus
-avantageux pour le public, et non pas les prérogatives auxquelles les
-éditeurs ou les lecteurs ont droit.</p>
+les droits ne devraient pas dépendre du choix du support)â¯<a
+href="#ft7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> ne peut s'appliquer aux décisions sur le
+copyright. Ce dernier est un marché passé avec le public, pas un droit
+naturel. Les enjeux de la politique du copyright sont de déterminer les
+marchés les plus avantageux pour le public, et non pas les prérogatives
+auxquelles les éditeurs ou les lecteurs ont droit.</p>
<p>Le système du copyright s'est développé parallèlement à l'industrie de
l'imprimerie. Aux temps de la presse à imprimer, il était impossible pour un
@@ -118,16 +122,16 @@
que les lecteurs pouvaient faire communément.</p>
<p>Mais ces temps arrivent à leur fin. Les photocopieurs, les cassettes audio
-et vidéo ont initié le changement ; les technologies numériques de
+et vidéo ont initié le changementâ¯; les technologies numériques de
l'information l'ont accompli. Ces avancées ont permis aux gens ordinaires
â et plus seulement aux éditeurs possédant un matériel spécialisé â
de
-copier. Et c'est ce qu'ils font !</p>
+copier. Et c'est ce qu'ils fontâ¯!</p>
<p>à partir du moment où les gens ordinaires trouvent utile et pratique de
copier, ils ne sont plus aussi disposés à abandonner leur liberté de le
faire. Ils veulent garder cette liberté et l'exercer, plutôt que de la
négocier. Le marché du copyright, tel qu'il est, n'est plus une bonne
-affaire pour le public et il est temps de le réviser ; il est temps que la
+affaire pour le public et il est temps de le réviserâ¯; il est temps que la
loi reconnaisse le bénéfice pour le public de la copie et du partage des
copies.</p>
@@ -141,16 +145,16 @@
<p>Mais cette analyse explique aussi pourquoi les <i>Grateful Dead</i> sont
logiques quand ils exigent l'application du copyright à la fabrication de CD
mais pas à la copie individuelle. La production de CD fonctionne de la même
-façon qu'une imprimerie ; actuellement ce n'est pas à la portée de tout le
+façon qu'une imprimerieâ¯; actuellement ce n'est pas à la portée de tout le
monde, même des gens qui ont un ordinateur, de copier un CD vers un autre
CD. C'est pourquoi le copyright reste indolore pour les mélomanes quand il
s'applique aux CD industriels, tout comme il l'était globalement aux temps
de l'imprimerie. Cependant, restreindre la copie du même morceau sur une
cassette audio-numérique pénalise l'amateur de musique et ce dernier est en
-droit de rejeter ces restrictions. [Note ajoutée en 1999 : la situation des
+droit de rejeter ces restrictions. [Note ajoutée en 1999â¯: la situation des
CD a changé, dans le sens que beaucoup de possesseurs d'ordinateurs peuvent
maintenant les copier. Nous devons donc considérer les CD comme des
-cassettes. Précision de 2007 : malgré les progrès de la technologie des CD,
+cassettes. Précision de 2007â¯: malgré les progrès de la technologie des
CD,
il reste justifié d'appliquer le copyright à la distribution commerciale
tout en autorisant les particuliers à copier librement.]</p>
@@ -158,29 +162,29 @@
href="#later-1">propriété intellectuelle</a> n'est pas un facteur
crucial. D'autres formes de biens abstraits représentent des parts de
quelque chose. Copier une part de quoi que ce soit est une activité à somme
-nulle ; la personne qui copie n'en retire un bénéfice qu'au détriment de
+nulleâ¯; la personne qui copie n'en retire un bénéfice qu'au détriment de
tous les autres. Copier un billet d'un dollar dans un photocopieur couleur
équivaut en fait à prendre une petite portion de chacun des autres dollars
et à réunir ces portions pour en faire un billet entier. Naturellement, nous
pensons que c'est mal.</p>
<p>à l'opposé, copier de l'information utile, instructive ou distrayante pour
-un ami rend le monde plus heureux et meilleur ; cela profite à cet ami et,
+un ami rend le monde plus heureux et meilleurâ¯; cela profite à cet ami et,
en soi, ne fait de mal à personne. C'est une activité constructive qui
resserre le lien social.</p>
<p>Certains lecteurs pourraient remettre en question cette affirmation, car ils
connaissent la revendication des éditeurs que les copies illégales leur
-portent « préjudice ». Cette revendication est essentiellement inexacte et
+portent «â¯préjudiceâ¯Â». Cette revendication est essentiellement inexacte
et
partiellement trompeuse. Et surtout, c'est une pétition de principe.</p>
<ul>
<li>La revendication est essentiellement inexacte, car elle présuppose que
l'ami
aurait, dans le cas contraire, acheté un exemplaire à l'éditeur. Cela peut
-occasionnellement être vrai, mais la plupart du temps, c'est faux ; et dans
+occasionnellement être vrai, mais la plupart du temps, c'est fauxâ¯; et dans
ce cas il n'y a pas préjudice.</li>
- <li>La revendication est partiellement trompeuse parce que le mot «Â
préjudice »
+ <li>La revendication est partiellement trompeuse parce que le mot
«â¯préjudiceâ¯Â»
suggère des événements de nature très différente, événements dans
lesquels
on est dépossédé de quelque chose. Par exemple, si le stock de livres d'une
librairie avait brûlé ou si l'argent de la caisse avait été volé, cela,
oui,
@@ -196,15 +200,15 @@
consommateur potentiel a choisi de ne pas acheter chez lui.</p>
</li>
- <li>Il s'agit d'une pétition de principe parce que l'idée de «Â
préjudice » se
-base sur la supposition que l'éditeur « aurait dû » être payé,
elle-même
+ <li>Il s'agit d'une pétition de principe parce que l'idée de
«â¯préjudiceâ¯Â» se
+base sur la supposition que l'éditeur «â¯aurait dûâ¯Â» être payé,
elle-même
basée sur la supposition que le copyright existe et qu'il interdit la copie
-individuelle. Mais le litige est bien là  : que doit couvrir le copyright ?
+individuelle. Mais le litige est bien là â¯: que doit couvrir le copyrightâ¯?
Si le public décide qu'il peut partager des copies, alors l'éditeur n'est
pas en droit d'espérer une rémunération sur chaque copie et donc ne peut
-revendiquer de « préjudice » s'il ne l'obtient pas.
+revendiquer de «â¯préjudiceâ¯Â» s'il ne l'obtient pas.
- <p>En d'autres termes, le « préjudice » vient du système du
copyright ; il ne
+ <p>En d'autres termes, le «â¯préjudiceâ¯Â» vient du système du
copyrightâ¯; il ne
fait pas partie inhérente de la copie. En soi, copier ne fait de mal Ã
personne.</p>
</li>
@@ -215,31 +219,31 @@
est requis de surveiller et contrôler les activités de tous les
utilisateurs, sous peine d'être puni pour des actions dans lesquelles il n'a
aucune part, mais qu'il n'a simplement pas réussi à empêcher
-activement. Tim Sloan <a href="#ft8">[8]</a> a mis en évidence que cela
-donne aux détenteurs de copyright un statut privilégié, qui n'est accordé
Ã
-aucune autre personne se plaignant d'un dommage causé par un utilisateur
-d'ordinateur ; par exemple, personne ne propose de punir le propriétaire
-d'un ordinateur s'il n'a pas réussi à empêcher un utilisateur de diffamer
-quelqu'un. Pour un gouvernement, il est naturel de se tourner vers la
-responsabilité collective afin de faire appliquer une loi en laquelle
-beaucoup de citoyens ne croient pas. Plus les technologies numériques
-aideront les citoyens à partager l'information, plus le gouvernement aura
-besoin de méthodes draconiennes pour faire appliquer le copyright contre les
-citoyens ordinaires.</p>
+activement. Tim Sloanâ¯<a href="#ft8"><sup>[8]</sup></a> a mis en évidence
+que cela donne aux détenteurs de copyright un statut privilégié, qui n'est
+accordé à aucune autre personne se plaignant d'un dommage causé par un
+utilisateur d'ordinateurâ¯; par exemple, personne ne propose de punir le
+propriétaire d'un ordinateur s'il n'a pas réussi à empêcher un utilisateur
+de diffamer quelqu'un. Pour un gouvernement, il est naturel de se tourner
+vers la responsabilité collective afin de faire appliquer une loi en
+laquelle beaucoup de citoyens ne croient pas. Plus les technologies
+numériques aideront les citoyens à partager l'information, plus le
+gouvernement aura besoin de méthodes draconiennes pour faire appliquer le
+copyright contre les citoyens ordinaires.</p>
<p>Quand la Constitution des Ãtats-Unis a été esquissée, on a proposé que
les
auteurs aient droit à un monopole de copyright, proposition qui a été
-rejetée <a href="#ft9">[9]</a>. Ce que les fondateurs de notre pays ont
-adopté, à la place, c'est une idée différente du copyright, qui place le
-public au premier rang <a href="#ft10">[10]</a>. Aux Ãtats-Unis, le
-copyright est censé exister pour le bien des utilisateurs ; ses bénéfices
ne
-sont pas accordés aux éditeurs ni même aux auteurs pour leurs beaux yeux,
-mais sont vus comme une incitation à changer leur comportement. Ainsi que
-l'a prononcé la Cour suprême lors de la confrontation entre
-Fox Film Corp. et Doyal : « L'intérêt exclusif des Ãtats-Unis et
l'objectif
-premier de conférer le monopole [du copyright] résident dans les avantages
-globaux que retire le public du travail des auteurs » <a
-href="#ft11">[11]</a>.</p>
+rejetéeâ¯<a href="#ft9"><sup>[9]</sup></a>. Ce que les fondateurs de notre
+pays ont adopté, à la place, c'est une idée différente du copyright, qui
+place le public au premier rangâ¯<a href="#ft10"><sup>[10]</sup></a>. Aux
+Ãtats-Unis, le copyright est censé exister pour le bien des utilisateursâ¯;
+ses bénéfices ne sont pas accordés aux éditeurs ni même aux auteurs pour
+leurs beaux yeux, mais sont vus comme une incitation à changer leur
+comportement. Ainsi que l'a prononcé la Cour suprême lors de la
+confrontation entre Fox Film Corp. et Doyalâ¯: «â¯L'intérêt exclusif des
+Ãtats-Unis et l'objectif premier de conférer le monopole [du copyright]
+résident dans les avantages globaux que retire le public du travail des
+auteursâ¯Â»â¯<a href="#ft11"><sup>[11]</sup></a>.</p>
<p>Selon la perspective de la Constitution sur le copyright, si le public
préfère avoir la possibilité de faire des copies dans certains cas, même si
@@ -259,19 +263,20 @@
<p>Cette erreur est tellement enracinée aujourd'hui, que ceux qui s'opposent
aux nouveaux pouvoirs du copyright se sentent obligés de le faire en donnant
l'argument que même les auteurs et les éditeurs peuvent en être
-affectés. Ainsi James Boyle <a href="#ft12">[12]</a> explique comment un
-strict <a href="#later-2">système de propriété intellectuelle</a> peut
-interférer avec l'écriture de nouveaux ouvrages. Jessica Litman <a
-href="#ft13">[13]</a> cite les protections contre le copyright qui ont
-historiquement permis à de nombreux médias de devenir
-populaires. Pamela Samuelson <a href="#ft14">[14]</a> nous met en garde : le
-livre blanc peut stopper le développement de la « troisième vague » des
-industries de l'information, en verrouillant le monde dans une « deuxième
-vague » de modèle économique qui correspond à l'âge de l'imprimerie.</p>
+affectés. Ainsi James Boyleâ¯<a href="#ft12"><sup>[12]</sup></a> explique
+comment un strict <a href="#later-2">système de propriété intellectuelle</a>
+peut interférer avec l'écriture de nouveaux ouvrages. Jessica Litmanâ¯<a
+href="#ft13"><sup>[13]</sup></a> cite les protections contre le copyright
+qui ont historiquement permis à de nombreux médias de devenir
+populaires. Pamela Samuelsonâ¯<a href="#ft14"><sup>[14]</sup></a> nous met en
+gardeâ¯: le livre blanc peut stopper le développement de la «â¯troisième
+vagueâ¯Â» des industries de l'information, en verrouillant le monde dans une
+«â¯deuxième vagueâ¯Â» de modèle économique qui correspond à l'âge de
+l'imprimerie.</p>
<p>Ces arguments peuvent faire mouche sur les sujets où ils sont pertinents,
en
particulier auprès d'un Congrès et d'une Administration dominés par l'idée
-que « ce qui est bon pour les médias en général est bon pour les USA ».
Mais
+que «â¯ce qui est bon pour les médias en général est bon pour les
USAâ¯Â». Mais
ils ne réussissent pas à mettre en évidence l'erreur fondamentale sur
laquelle cette domination est basée, avec comme résultat qu'ils sont
inefficaces sur le long terme. Lorsque ces arguments gagnent une bataille,
@@ -282,13 +287,13 @@
<p>Par exemple, la prise de position récemment publiée par la <i>Digital
Future
Coalition</i>, une organisation fédérant plusieurs autres organisations,
-liste de nombreuses raisons de s'opposer au livre blanc : pour le bien des
+liste de nombreuses raisons de s'opposer au livre blancâ¯: pour le bien des
auteurs, des bibliothèques, de l'éducation, des Américains nécessiteux, du
progrès technologique, de la flexibilité économique et du respect de la vie
privée â arguments tous valables, certes, mais se rapportant à des
questions
-annexes <a href="#ft15">[15]</a>. La raison la plus importante de toutes
-brille par son absence : beaucoup d'Américains (si ce n'est presque tous)
-veulent continuer à faire des copies. La DFC a raté sa critique du but
+annexesâ¯<a href="#ft15"><sup>[15]</sup></a>. La raison la plus importante de
+toutes brille par son absenceâ¯: beaucoup d'Américains (si ce n'est presque
+tous) veulent continuer à faire des copies. La DFC a raté sa critique du but
ultime du livre blanc (donner plus de pouvoirs aux éditeurs) et de sa
décision principale (rejeter la Constitution et placer les éditeurs
au-dessus des utilisateurs). Ce silence pourrait être pris pour un
@@ -296,88 +301,96 @@
<p>Pour résister à la pression tendant à donner un pouvoir accru aux
éditeurs,
nous avons besoin d'une prise de conscience généralisée du fait que les
-lecteurs et les auditeurs ont une importance primordiale ; que le copyright
+lecteurs et les auditeurs ont une importance primordialeâ¯; que le copyright
est fait pour les utilisateurs et non le contraire. Si le public n'est pas
disposé à accepter certains pouvoirs du copyright, c'est ipso facto une
raison de ne pas les proposer. C'est seulement en rappelant au public et Ã
nos élus le but du copyright et l'opportunité qui existe de libérer le flux
d'information, que nous pourrons donner la priorité au public.</p>
-<h3>RENVOIS</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes ultérieures</h3>
+
+<p id="later-1"><em>Proprieté intellectuelleâ¯:</em> Cet article faisait
partie du
+cheminement qui m'a conduit à reconnaître <a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">le parti pris et la confusion dans le terme
+«â¯propriété intellectuelleâ¯Â»</a>. Aujourd'hui je crois que ce terme ne
doit
+jamais être utilisé quelles que soient les circonstances.</p>
-<p id="ft2">[2] <cite>Informational Infrastructure Task Force</cite>, «Â
Intellectual
-Property and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the
-Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights » (1995).</p>
+<p id="later-2"><em>Système de propriété intellectuelleâ¯:</em> Ici, j'ai
fait l'erreur à la
+mode d'écrire «â¯propriété intellectuelleâ¯Â» quand je voulais juste dire
+«â¯copyrightâ¯Â». C'est comme d'écrire «â¯Europeâ¯Â» quand on veut dire
+«â¯Franceâ¯Â»â¯; cela provoque une confusion qu'il est facile
d'éviter.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">Paru dans l'<cite>Oregon Law Review</cite>, printemps 1996.</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">Informational Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property
and the
+National Information Infrastructure: <cite>The Report of the Working Group
+on Intellectual Property Rights</cite>Â (1995).</li>
-<p id="ft3">[3] John Perry Barlow, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation
and the
+<li id="ft3">John Perry Barlow, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation
and the
Information Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Barlow est l'un des
fondateurs de l'<i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>, une organisation
chargée de promouvoir la liberté d'expression dans le cadre des médias
-numériques ; c'est aussi un ancien parolier des <i>Grateful Dead</i>.</p>
+numériquesâ¯; c'est aussi un ancien parolier des <i>Grateful Dead</i>.</li>
-<p id="ft4">[4] Gary Glisson, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
-Information Environment</cite> (nov. 1995) ; voir aussi Gary Glisson, « A
-Practitioner's Defense of the NII White Paper », 75 <cite>Or. L.Â
Rev.</cite>
-(1996), article soutenant le livre blanc. M. Glisson est associé dans le
-cabinet d'avocats <i>Lane Powell Spears Lubersky</i> Ã Portland, Oregon, et
-président de l'<i>Intellectual Property Group</i> de ce cabinet.</p>
-
-<p id="ft5">[5] Steven Winter, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and
the
-Information Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Winter est professeur à la
-<i>University of Miami School of Law</i>.</p>
-
-<p id="ft6">[6] Winter, <i>supra</i> note 5.</p>
-
-<p id="ft7">[7] Voir Laurence H. Tribe, « The Constitution in Cyberspace:
Law and
-Liberty Beyond the Electronic Frontier », <cite>Humanist</cite>,
-sept.-oct. 1991, p. 15.</p>
+<li id="ft4">Gary Glisson, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
Information
+Environment</cite> (nov. 1995)â¯; voir aussi Gary Glisson, «â¯A
Practitioner's
+Defense of the NII White Paperâ¯Â», 75 <cite>Or. L. Rev.</cite> (1996),
+article soutenant le livre blanc. M. Glisson est associé dans le cabinet
+d'avocats Lane Powell Spears Lubersky à Portland, Oregon, et président de
+l'<i>Intellectual Property Group</i> de ce cabinet.</li>
+
+<li id="ft5">Steven Winter, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
Information
+Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Winter est professeur à la <i>University
+of Miami School of Law</i>.</li>
+
+<li id="ft6">Winter, <i>supra</i> note 5.</li>
+
+<li id="ft7">Voir Laurence H. Tribe, «â¯The Constitution in Cyberspace:
Law and Liberty
+Beyond the Electronic Frontierâ¯Â», <cite>Humanist</cite>, sept.-oct. 1991,
+p. 15.</li>
-<p id="ft8">[8] Tim Sloan, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
Information
+<li id="ft8"> Tim Sloan, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
Information
Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Sloan est membre de la <i>National
-Telecommunication and Information Administration</i>.</p>
+Telecommunication and Information Administration</i>.</li>
-<p id="ft9">[9] Voir Jane C. Ginsburg, « A Tale of Two Copyrights:
Literary Property in
-Revolutionary France and America », in <cite>Of Authors and Origins: Essays
+<li id="ft9">Voir Jane C. Ginsburg, «â¯A Tale of Two Copyrights: Literary
Property in
+Revolutionary France and Americaâ¯Â», in <cite>Of Authors and Origins: Essays
on Copyright Law</cite> 131, 137-38 (Brad Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds.,
1994), où il est dit que les rédacteurs de la Constitution entendaient
-« subordonner les intérêts de l'auteur au bénéfice du public », ou bien
-« traiter les intérêts privés et publics… de la même façonÂ
».</p>
-
-<p id="ft10">[10] U.S. Const., art. I, 8, cl. 8 : « Le Congrès aura
le pouvoir…
-de favoriser le progrès de la science et des arts utiles en assurant aux
-auteurs et inventeurs, pour des temps limités, le droit exclusif à leurs
-écrits et découvertes respectifs. »</p>
-
-<p id="ft11">[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932)</p>
-
-<p id="ft12">[12] James Boyle, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and
the
-Information Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Boyle est professeur de droit
-à l'<i>American University</i>, Washington, D.C.</p>
-
-<p id="ft13">[13] Jessica Litman, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation
and the
-Information Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). Mme Litman est professeur à la
-<i>Wayne State University Law School</i>, Detroit, Michigan.</p>
+«â¯subordonner les intérêts de l'auteur au bénéfice du publicâ¯Â», ou
bien
+«â¯traiter les intérêts privés et publics… de la même
façonâ¯Â».</li>
-<p id="ft14">[14] Pamela Samuelson, « The Copyright Grab »,
<cite>Wired</cite>,
-janv. 1996. Mme Samuelson est professeur à la <i>Cornell LawÂ
School</i>.</p>
-
-<p id="ft15"><!-- (available at URL:
-<a href="http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html";>
-http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)-->
-[15] <cite>Digital Future Coalition</cite>, « Broad-Based Coalition
-Expresses Concern Over Intellectual Property Proposals », 15 nov. 1995.</p>
-
-<h3>NOTES ULTÃRIEURES</h3>
-
-<p id="later-1">Cet article faisait partie du cheminement qui m'a conduit Ã
reconnaître <a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">le parti pris et la confusion dans le terme
-« propriété intellectuelle »</a>. Aujourd'hui je crois que ce terme ne
doit
-jamais être utilisé quelles que soient les circonstances.</p>
+<li id="ft10"><cite>U.S. Const.</cite>, art. I, 8, cl. 8â¯: «â¯Le
Congrès aura le
+pouvoir… de favoriser le progrès de la science et des arts utiles en
+assurant aux auteurs et inventeurs, pour des temps limités, le droit
+exclusif à leurs écrits et découvertes respectifs.â¯Â»</li>
+
+<li id="ft11"><cite>286 U.S. 123</cite>, 127 (1932)</li>
+
+<li id="ft12">James Boyle, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and the
Information
+Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). M. Boyle est professeur de droit Ã
+l'<i>American University</i>, Washington, D.C.</li>
+
+<li id="ft13">Jessica Litman, intervention au congrès <cite>Innovation and
the Information
+Environment</cite> (nov. 1995). Mme Litman est professeur à la <i>Wayne
+State University Law School</i>, Detroit, Michigan.</li>
+
+<li id="ft14">Pamela Samuelson, «â¯The Copyright Grabâ¯Â»,
<cite>Wired</cite>,
+janv. 1996. Mme Samuelson est professeur à la <i>Cornell LawÂ
School</i>.</li>
+
+<li id="ft15"><!-- (available at URL:
+home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>
+)-->
+<i>Digital Future Coalition</i>, «â¯Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern
+Over Intellectual Property Proposalsâ¯Â», 15 nov. 1995.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
-<p id="later-2">Ici, j'ai fait l'erreur à la mode d'écrire « propriété
intellectuelle »
-quand je voulais juste dire « copyright ». C'est comme d'écrire «Â
Europe »
-quand on veut dire « France » ; cela provoque une confusion qu'il est
facile
-d'éviter.</p>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -386,7 +399,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -406,7 +419,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -419,7 +432,23 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1999, 2016 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -431,17 +460,18 @@
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-Traduction : Pierre-Yves Enderlin.<br />Révision : <a
+Traductionâ¯: Pierre-Yves Enderlin.<br />Révisionâ¯: <a
href="mailto:trad-gnu@april.org";>trad-gnu@april.org</a></div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
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Index: rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.57
+++ rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.58
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Commentaires concernant l'article de Roderick Long - Projet GNU - Free
@@ -9,24 +12,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-comment-longs-article.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Commentaires concernant l'article de Roderick Long</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote><p>
-L'article de Roderick Long se trouve <a
-href="http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html";>Ã cette adresse</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="introduction"><p>
Les idées du mouvement du logiciel libre sont compatibles avec les opinions
sociales-démocrates (défendues aux Ãtats-Unis par les libéraux) et avec le
-laisser-faire prôné par les libertariens américains.<a id="TransNote1-rev"
-href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
-</p></blockquote>
+laisser-faire prôné par les <a
+href="http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html";>libertariens américains</a>.<a
+id="TransNote1-rev" href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+</p></div>
<p>Le logiciel libre est une question de liberté. De notre point de vue, le
-mécanisme juridique précis <a href="#footnote">(*)</a> utilisé pour refuser
+mécanisme juridique précis <a href="#footnote">[*]</a> utilisé pour refuser
aux utilisateurs de logiciels leur liberté est juste un détail
d'implémentation. Que cela soit fait avec le copyright, avec les contrats,
ou d'une autre manière, il est injuste de refuser au public la liberté qui
@@ -45,24 +48,28 @@
de propriété pour les objets physiques, vous n'êtes pas obligé d'accepter
le
copyright.</p>
-<p><a id="footnote">(*)</a> ou bien le mécanisme technique, rétention du code
-source ou <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">tivoïsation</a> par
-exemple.</p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p id="ft2">[*] … ou bien le mécanisme technique, rétention du code
source ou <a
+href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">tivoïsation</a> par exemple.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Voir Wikipédia : <a
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Voir Wikipédia : <a
href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ralisme_contemporain_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis";>Libéralisme
contemporain aux Ãtats-Unis</a> et <a
-href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianisme";>Libertarianisme</a>. <a
-href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li></ol></div>
+href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianisme";>Libertarianisme</a>.</li></ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -82,7 +89,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -111,8 +118,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2015, 2019 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2000, 2015, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -130,11 +136,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
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Index: rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.11
+++ rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.12
@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
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value="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Logiciel libre : liberté et coopération - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Logiciel libre : liberté et coopération</h2>
-<blockquote><p>Transcription du discours de Richard M. Stallman, « Logiciel
libre : liberté
-et coopération », donné à <i>New York University</i> (campus de New York,
-NY) le 29 mai 2001.</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>Une version <a
href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">texte</a> de
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription d'un discours donné à <i>New York University</i> (campus de
+New York, NY) le 29 mai 2001.</p>
+
+<p>Une version <a href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">texte</a> de
cette transcription et un <a
href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt">résumé</a> du discours sont
-aussi disponibles en anglais.</p></blockquote>
+aussi disponibles en anglais.</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p><strong>URETSKY</strong> : Je suis Mike Uretsky. Je travaille à la
<i>Stern
Business School</i> (Ãcole de commerce Stern). Je suis aussi l'un des
@@ -34,10 +47,10 @@
des discussions particulièrement intéressantes. Cet exposé particulier, ce
séminaire, répond parfaitement à cet impératif. Je trouve la discussion sur
l'open source particulièrement intéressante. D'une certaine manière…
-<i>[rires]</i></p>
+<span>[rires]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Je fais du logiciel libre. L'open source, c'est
-un autre mouvement <i>[rires et applaudissements]</i>.</p>
+un autre mouvement <span>[rires et applaudissements]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>URETSKY</strong> : Quand j'ai commencé à travailler dans ce
domaine
dans les années 60, en principe les logiciels étaient libres. Puis nous
@@ -61,7 +74,7 @@
particulier, un aspect inutile des présentations publiques, mais dans ce
cas, ils servent un but utile comme le propos de Mike vient facilement de le
prouver. Parce qu'un présentateur, par exemple par des commentaires
-inappropriés, peut permettre à l'orateur de corriger <i>[rires]</i> et
+inappropriés, peut permettre à l'orateur de corriger <span>[rires]</span> et
préciser considérablement les paramètres du débat.</p>
<p>Aussi permettez-moi de faire la présentation la plus brève possible de
@@ -72,19 +85,19 @@
développé une philosophie cohérente qui nous a tous forcés à réexaminer
nos
idées sur la façon dont le logiciel est produit, sur ce que signifie la
propriété intellectuelle et sur ce que représente la communauté du
-logiciel. Bienvenue à Richard Stallman <i>[applaudissements]</i>.</p>
+logiciel. Bienvenue à Richard Stallman <span>[applaudissements]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Quelqu'un peut-il me prêter une montre ?
-<i>[rires]</i> Merci. Bien, je voudrais remercier Microsoft de me donner
-l'occasion aujourd'hui <i>[rires]</i> d'être ici. Ces dernières semaines, je
-me sentais comme un auteur dont le livre a été fortuitement interdit quelque
-part <i>[rires]</i>. Sauf que tous les articles le concernant mentionnent un
-nom d'auteur erroné, parce que Microsoft décrit la GNU GPL comme une licence
-open source et que la majorité de la couverture de presse a suivi. La
-plupart des gens, en toute innocence bien sûr, ne se rendent pas compte que
-notre travail n'a rien à voir avec l'open source et qu'en réalité nous en
-avons fait la plus grande part avant même que le terme « open source » ne
-soit inventé.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span> Merci. Bien, je voudrais remercier Microsoft de me
+donner l'occasion aujourd'hui <span>[rires]</span> d'être ici. Ces dernières
+semaines, je me sentais comme un auteur dont le livre a été fortuitement
+interdit quelque part <span>[rires]</span>. Sauf que tous les articles le
+concernant mentionnent un nom d'auteur erroné, parce que Microsoft décrit la
+GNU GPL comme une licence open source et que la majorité de la couverture de
+presse a suivi. La plupart des gens, en toute innocence bien sûr, ne se
+rendent pas compte que notre travail n'a rien à voir avec l'open source et
+qu'en réalité nous en avons fait la plus grande part avant même que le terme
+« open source » ne soit inventé.</p>
<p>Nous faisons partie du mouvement du logiciel libre et je vais vous parler de
ce qu'est ce mouvement, de ce qu'il signifie, de ce que nous avons fait, et
@@ -149,8 +162,8 @@
<p>Mais ensuite notre communauté a été détruite par une série de
calamités. Ã
la fin elle fut balayée. L'ordinateur PDP-10 que nous utilisions pour tout
notre travail fut abandonné. Notre système d'exploitation, le « système Ã
-temps partagé incompatible » <i>[Incompatible Timesharing System]</i>,
écrit
-à partir des années 60, était en langage assembleur. C'est ce qu'on
+temps partagé incompatible » <span>[Incompatible Timesharing System]</span>,
+écrit à partir des années 60, était en langage assembleur. C'est ce qu'on
utilisait pour écrire les systèmes d'exploitation dans les années
60. Naturellement, le langage assembleur est spécifique à un type
particulier d'architecture d'ordinateur ; si elle devient obsolète, tout le
@@ -201,26 +214,27 @@
l'université Carnegie-Mellon. En visite là -bas un peu plus tard, je me rends
à son bureau et je dis : « Salut, je suis du MIT, pourrais-je avoir une
copie du code source de l'imprimante ? » Et il répond : « Non, j'ai
promis
-de ne pas vous donner de copie » <i>[rires]</i>. J'étais soufflé. J'étais
-si… J'étais tellement en colère ! Je ne savais pas quoi faire pour
-réparer cette injustice. Tout ce qui m'est venu à l'esprit, c'est de tourner
-les talons et sortir de son bureau. Peut-être que j'ai claqué la
-porte… <i>[rires]</i> Et j'y ai repensé plus tard parce que j'ai
-réalisé que je n'étais pas simplement en face d'un fait isolé, mais d'un
-phénomène de société qui était important et affectait beaucoup de
gens.</p>
+de ne pas vous donner de copie » <span>[rires]</span>. J'étais
+soufflé. J'étais si… J'étais tellement en colère ! Je ne savais pas
+quoi faire pour réparer cette injustice. Tout ce qui m'est venu à l'esprit,
+c'est de tourner les talons et sortir de son bureau. Peut-être que j'ai
+claqué la porte… <span>[rires]</span> Et j'y ai repensé plus tard
+parce que j'ai réalisé que je n'étais pas simplement en face d'un fait
+isolé, mais d'un phénomène de société qui était important et affectait
+beaucoup de gens.</p>
<p>Pour moi par chance, ce n'était qu'un échantillon, mais d'autres gens
étaient obligés de vivre avec ça tout le temps. Et j'y ai repensé plus
longuement. Vous voyez, il avait promis de refuser de coopérer avec nous,
ses collègues du MIT. Il nous avait trahis. Mais il ne l'avait pas fait qu'Ã
-nous. Il y a des chances qu'il vous l'ait fait à vous aussi <i>[pointant du
-doigt un auditeur]</i>. Et je pense, probablement à vous aussi <i>[pointant
-du doigt un autre auditeur â rires]</i> et à vous aussi <i>[pointant du
-doigt un troisième auditeur]</i>. Et certainement à une bonne partie de ceux
-qui sont dans cette salle, à l'exception de quelques-uns, peut-être, qui
-n'étaient pas encore nés en 1980. Il avait promis de ne pas coopérer avec
-l'ensemble de la population de la planète Terre, ou presque. Il avait signé
-un accord de confidentialité.</p>
+nous. Il y a des chances qu'il vous l'ait fait à vous aussi <span>[pointant
+du doigt un auditeur]</span>. Et je pense, probablement à vous aussi
+<span>[pointant du doigt un autre auditeur â rires]</span> et à vous aussi
+<span>[pointant du doigt un troisième auditeur]</span>. Et certainement Ã
+une bonne partie de ceux qui sont dans cette salle, Ã l'exception de
+quelques-uns, peut-être, qui n'étaient pas encore nés en 1980. Il avait
+promis de ne pas coopérer avec l'ensemble de la population de la planète
+Terre, ou presque. Il avait signé un accord de confidentialité.</p>
<p>C'était la première fois que j'étais confronté à une clause de
confidentialité et cela m'a appris une importante leçon â importante parce
@@ -259,21 +273,21 @@
ami et que vous me demandez de n'en parler à personne, je peux accepter de
garder le secret pour vous, parce que ce n'est pas une information technique
d'utilité générale. En fait, ce n'est probablement pas d'utilité générale
-<i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>Il y a une petite chance, c'est possible, que vous puissiez me révéler une
-merveilleuse nouvelle technique sexuelle <i>[rires]</i> et je me sentirais
-moralement obligé <i>[rires]</i> de la révéler au reste de l'humanité pour
-que chacun puisse en profiter. Donc je devrais mettre une condition à ma
-promesse. Si ce sont juste des détails sur qui veut ceci et qui est en
-colère contre untel, des choses comme ça, du feuilleton télé, cela je peux
-le garder confidentiel… Mais une connaissance dont l'humanité
-tirerait un énorme bénéfice, je ne dois pas la garder pour moi. Vous voyez,
-le but de la science et de la technologie est de produire de l'information
-utile pour l'humanité qui aidera les gens à vivre une vie meilleure. Si nous
-promettons de cacher cette information, si nous la gardons secrète, nous
-trahissons la mission de notre discipline. Et ceci, j'ai décidé de ne pas le
-faire.</p>
+merveilleuse nouvelle technique sexuelle <span>[rires]</span> et je me
+sentirais moralement obligé <span>[rires]</span> de la révéler au reste de
+l'humanité pour que chacun puisse en profiter. Donc je devrais mettre une
+condition à ma promesse. Si ce sont juste des détails sur qui veut ceci et
+qui est en colère contre untel, des choses comme ça, du feuilleton télé,
+cela je peux le garder confidentiel… Mais une connaissance dont
+l'humanité tirerait un énorme bénéfice, je ne dois pas la garder pour
+moi. Vous voyez, le but de la science et de la technologie est de produire
+de l'information utile pour l'humanité qui aidera les gens à vivre une vie
+meilleure. Si nous promettons de cacher cette information, si nous la
+gardons secrète, nous trahissons la mission de notre discipline. Et ceci,
+j'ai décidé de ne pas le faire.</p>
<p>Mais en attendant, ma communauté s'était effondrée et c'était terribleÂ
;
cela me mettait en mauvaise posture. Vous voyez, le système à temps partagé
@@ -297,26 +311,26 @@
<p>Alors j'ai cherché une alternative, et il y en avait une évidente : je
pouvais quitter l'informatique et faire autre chose. Je n'avais aucun autre
talent remarquable, mais je suis sûr que j'aurais pu être serveur
-<i>[rires]</i>. Pas dans un restaurant chic, ils n'auraient pas voulu de moi
-<i>[rires]</i>, mais j'aurais pu être serveur quelque part. De nombreux
-programmeurs me disent : « Les employeurs exigent ceci, cela, si je ne le
-fais pas je mourrai de faim. » C'est le mot exact qu'ils utilisent. Bon,
-comme serveur je ne risquais pas de mourir de faim <i>[rires]</i>. En
-réalité, les programmeurs ne courent aucun danger. Et c'est important
-voyez-vous, car vous pouvez quelquefois vous justifier de faire quelque
-chose qui blesse autrui en disant « sinon quelque chose de pire va
-m'arriver ». Si vous êtes <em>vraiment</em> sur le point de crever de faim,
-vous pouvez vous justifier d'écrire du logiciel privateur <i>[rires]</i> ;
-et si quelqu'un vous menace d'une arme je dirais même que c'est pardonnable
-<i>[rires]</i>. Mais j'avais trouvé une façon de survivre sans enfreindre
-mon éthique, aussi cette excuse était-elle irrecevable. Cependant, je
-réalisais qu'être serveur ne serait pas drôle pour moi et que ce serait
-gâcher mes talents de programmeur. Je devais éviter de mal utiliser mes
-talents. Ãcrire des logiciels privateurs aurait été mal utiliser mes
-talents. Encourager les autres à vivre dans un monde de logiciels privateurs
-aurait signifié mal utiliser mes talents. Aussi valait-il mieux les gâcher
-que les utiliser à mauvais escient, mais ce n'était toujours pas la bonne
-solution.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Pas dans un restaurant chic, ils n'auraient pas voulu
+de moi <span>[rires]</span>, mais j'aurais pu être serveur quelque part. De
+nombreux programmeurs me disent : « Les employeurs exigent ceci, cela, si je
+ne le fais pas je mourrai de faim. » C'est le mot exact qu'ils
+utilisent. Bon, comme serveur je ne risquais pas de mourir de faim
+<span>[rires]</span>. En réalité, les programmeurs ne courent aucun
+danger. Et c'est important voyez-vous, car vous pouvez quelquefois vous
+justifier de faire quelque chose qui blesse autrui en disant « sinon quelque
+chose de pire va m'arriver ». Si vous êtes <em>vraiment</em> sur le point de
+crever de faim, vous pouvez vous justifier d'écrire du logiciel privateur
+<span>[rires]</span> ; et si quelqu'un vous menace d'une arme je dirais même
+que c'est pardonnable <span>[rires]</span>. Mais j'avais trouvé une façon de
+survivre sans enfreindre mon éthique, aussi cette excuse était-elle
+irrecevable. Cependant, je réalisais qu'être serveur ne serait pas drôle
+pour moi et que ce serait gâcher mes talents de programmeur. Je devais
+éviter de mal utiliser mes talents. Ãcrire des logiciels privateurs aurait
+été mal utiliser mes talents. Encourager les autres à vivre dans un monde de
+logiciels privateurs aurait signifié mal utiliser mes talents. Aussi
+valait-il mieux les gâcher que les utiliser à mauvais escient, mais ce
+n'était toujours pas la bonne solution.</p>
<p>C'est pourquoi j'ai cherché une autre possibilité. Que pouvait faire un
développeur de systèmes d'exploitation pour améliorer la situation, pour
@@ -337,7 +351,7 @@
et j'étais seul. Alors un sentiment m'a envahi : « Je suis élu. C'est
là -dessus que je dois travailler. Si ce n'est pas moi, qui d'autre ? » J'ai
donc décidé de développer un système d'exploitation libre ou de
-mourir… de vieillesse, bien sûr <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+mourir… de vieillesse, bien sûr <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>Il fallait évidemment décider quelle sorte de système d'exploitation ce
serait, faire quelques choix techniques. J'ai décidé de rendre le système
@@ -373,52 +387,52 @@
<p>Tout ce que nous avions à faire pour commencer le travail était de trouver
un nom pour le système. Nous, les hackers, cherchons toujours des noms
drôles ou méchants pour un programme, parce que penser aux gens qui
-s'amusent du nom, c'est la moitié du plaisir de l'écriture <i>[rires].</i>
-Nous avions aussi une tradition d'acronymes récursifs consistant à dire que
-le programme créé est similaire à un programme existant. On peut lui donner
-un nom récursif disant que celui-ci n'est pas celui-là . Par exemple, il y
-avait beaucoup d'éditeurs de texte <abbr title="Text Editor and
-COrrector">TECO</abbr> dans les années 60 et 70 et ils étaient généralement
-appelés « quelque-chose-TECO ». à cette époque, un hacker malin appela
le
-sien TINT, pour <i>Tint Is Not Teco</i>, le premier acronyme récursif. En
-1975, j'ai développé le premier éditeur de texte Emacs et il y eut de
-nombreuses imitations. Beaucoup s'appelaient quelque-chose-Emacs, mais l'une
-d'elles était nommée FINE<a id="TransNote2-rev"
-href="#TransNote2"><sup>2</sup></a> pour <i>Fine is not Emacs</i>. Puis il y
-eut SINE pour <i>Sine is not Emacs</i>, et EINE pour <i>Eine Is Not
-Emacs</i>, et il eut MINCE pour <i>Mince Is Not Complete Emacs</i>
-<i>[rires]</i>, c'était une imitation incomplète. Ensuite EINE fut
-complètement réécrit et la nouvelle version s'appela ZWEI pour <i>Zwei Was
-Eine Initially</i><a id="TransNote3-rev" href="#TransNote3"><sup>3</sup></a>
-<i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+s'amusent du nom, c'est la moitié du plaisir de l'écriture
+<span>[rires].</span> Nous avions aussi une tradition d'acronymes récursifs
+consistant à dire que le programme créé est similaire à un programme
+existant. On peut lui donner un nom récursif disant que celui-ci n'est pas
+celui-là . Par exemple, il y avait beaucoup d'éditeurs de texte <abbr
+title="Text Editor and COrrector">TECO</abbr> dans les années 60 et 70 et
+ils étaient généralement appelés « quelque-chose-TECO ». à cette
époque, un
+hacker malin appela le sien TINT, pour <i>Tint Is Not Teco</i>, le premier
+acronyme récursif. En 1975, j'ai développé le premier éditeur de texte
Emacs
+et il y eut de nombreuses imitations. Beaucoup s'appelaient
+quelque-chose-Emacs, mais l'une d'elles était nommée FINE<a
+id="TransNote2-rev" href="#TransNote2"><sup>2</sup></a> pour <i>Fine is not
+Emacs</i>. Puis il y eut SINE pour <i>Sine is not Emacs</i>, et EINE pour
+<i>Eine Is Not Emacs</i>, et il eut MINCE pour <i>Mince Is Not Complete
+Emacs</i> <span>[rires]</span>, c'était une imitation incomplète. Ensuite
+EINE fut complètement réécrit et la nouvelle version s'appela ZWEI pour
+<i>Zwei Was Eine Initially</i><a id="TransNote3-rev"
+href="#TransNote3"><sup>3</sup></a> <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>J'ai donc cherché un acronyme récursif pour <i>Something is not Unix</i>
(quelque chose n'est pas Unix). J'ai essayé les 26 lettres, mais aucune ne
-donnait un mot <i>[rires]</i>. Hum, essayons autre chose. J'ai fait une
-contraction. De cette façon, je pouvais avoir un acronyme de trois lettres
-pour <i>Something's Not Unix</i>. J'ai essayé des lettres et suis arrivé au
-mot <i>gnu</i> (gnou). C'est le plus drôle de la langue anglaise
-<i>[rires]</i>. C'était ça ! Bien sûr, la raison de cette drôlerie vient
du
-fait que, selon le dictionnaire, il doit se prononcer <i>new</i>.<a
+donnait un mot <span>[rires]</span>. Hum, essayons autre chose. J'ai fait
+une contraction. De cette façon, je pouvais avoir un acronyme de trois
+lettres pour <i>Something's Not Unix</i>. J'ai essayé des lettres et suis
+arrivé au mot <i>gnu</i> (gnou). C'est le plus drôle de la langue anglaise
+<span>[rires]</span>. C'était ça ! Bien sûr, la raison de cette drôlerie
+vient du fait que, selon le dictionnaire, il doit se prononcer <i>new</i>.<a
id="TransNote4-rev" href="#TransNote4"><sup>4</sup></a> Vous voyez ? C'est
pourquoi les gens l'utilisent pour de nombreux jeux de mots. Laissez-moi
vous dire que c'est le nom d'un animal d'Afrique. Et la prononciation
-africaine a un clic à l'intérieur <i>[rires]</i>. Les colonisateurs
+africaine a un clic à l'intérieur <span>[rires]</span>. Les colonisateurs
européens, quand ils arrivèrent là -bas, n'ont pas pris la peine d'apprendre
à prononcer le clic. Alors ils l'ont laissé de côté et ont mis un
<em>g</em>
qui signifiait : « Il y a un autre son qui est censé être là , mais que
nous
-ne prononçons pas. » <i>[rires]</i> Ce soir, je pars pour l'Afrique du Sud
-et je leur ai demandé de me trouver quelqu'un qui puisse m'apprendre Ã
-prononcer les clics <i>[rires]</i>. Ainsi je saurai prononcer correctement
-<i>GNU</i> quand il s'agit de l'animal.</p>
+ne prononçons pas. » <span>[rires]</span> Ce soir, je pars pour l'Afrique du
+Sud et je leur ai demandé de me trouver quelqu'un qui puisse m'apprendre Ã
+prononcer les clics <span>[rires]</span>. Ainsi je saurai prononcer
+correctement <i>GNU</i> quand il s'agit de l'animal.</p>
<p>Mais en ce qui concerne le nom de notre système la prononciation correcte
-est Gueu-nou, prononcez le <em>g</em> dur. Si vous parlez du <i>new
-operating system</i><a id="TransNote5-rev"
-href="#TransNote5"><sup>5</sup></a>, vous embrouillez l'esprit des gens,
-parce que cela fait 17Â ans que nous travaillons dessus et qu'il n'est plus
-du tout <i>new</i>Â ! Mais il est toujours et sera toujours GNUÂ ; peu importe
-le nombre de gens qui l'appellent Linux par erreur <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+est Gueu-nou, prononcez le <i>g</i> dur. Si vous parlez du <i>new operating
+system</i><a id="TransNote5-rev" href="#TransNote5"><sup>5</sup></a>, vous
+embrouillez l'esprit des gens, parce que cela fait 17Â ans que nous
+travaillons dessus et qu'il n'est plus du tout <i>new</i>Â ! Mais il est
+toujours et sera toujours GNUÂ ; peu importe le nombre de gens qui
+l'appellent Linux par erreur <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>Ainsi en janvier 84, je quitte mon job au MIT pour commencer à écrire des
morceaux de GNU. Tout de même, ils ont été assez sympa pour me laisser
@@ -432,10 +446,10 @@
ma seconde implémentation d'Emacs, et début 85 il fonctionnait. Je pouvais
l'utiliser pour mon travail d'édition, ce qui était un soulagement car je
n'avais aucune intention d'utiliser VI, l'éditeur d'Unix
-<i>[rires]</i>. Avant cela, je faisais ce travail sur une autre machine et
-je sauvegardais les fichiers sur le réseau pour pouvoir les tester. Mais
-quand GNU Emacs a fonctionné assez bien pour que je puisse l'utiliser,
-d'autres personnes ont voulu l'utiliser également.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Avant cela, je faisais ce travail sur une autre
+machine et je sauvegardais les fichiers sur le réseau pour pouvoir les
+tester. Mais quand GNU Emacs a fonctionné assez bien pour que je puisse
+l'utiliser, d'autres personnes ont voulu l'utiliser également.</p>
<p>J'ai dû travailler les détails de la distribution. Naturellement, j'ai mis
une copie sur le FTP anonyme et c'était bien pour les gens qui étaient sur
@@ -464,21 +478,21 @@
vous.</p>
<p>Tout allait bien, mais les gens me disaient : « Qu'entendez-vous par
<i>free
-software</i> si cela coûte 150 $ ? » <i>[rires]</i> La raison de cette
+software</i> si cela coûte 150 $ ? » <span>[rires]</span> La raison de
cette
question était la confusion induite par l'ambiguïté du mot anglais
<i>free</i>. Une des significations se réfère au prix et une autre se
réfère
à la liberté. Quand je parle de logiciel libre, je me réfère à la
liberté et
-non au prix. Pensez à « libre expression » <i>[free speech]</i>, pas Ã
-« bière gratuite » <i>[free beer]</i><a id="TransNote6-rev"
-href="#TransNote6"><sup>6</sup></a> <i>[rires]</i>. En tout cas je n'aurais
-pas passé autant d'années de ma vie pour faire gagner moins d'argent aux
-programmeurs. Ce n'est pas mon but. Je suis moi-même programmeur et je ne
-m'offusque pas de gagner de l'argent. Je ne passerais pas ma vie à en
-gagner, mais je ne refuse pas d'en gagner. Et je ne suis pas â l'éthique
est
-la même pour tous â je ne suis pas contre le fait qu'un autre programmeur
en
-gagne. Je ne veux pas faire baisser les prix, ce n'est pas du tout le
-problème. L'enjeu, c'est la liberté, la liberté de chaque personne qui
-utilise un logiciel, qu'elle sache programmer ou non.</p>
+non au prix. Pensez à « libre expression » <span>[free speech]</span>,
pas Ã
+« bière gratuite » <span>[free beer]</span><a id="TransNote6-rev"
+href="#TransNote6"><sup>6</sup></a> <span>[rires]</span>. En tout cas je
+n'aurais pas passé autant d'années de ma vie pour faire gagner moins
+d'argent aux programmeurs. Ce n'est pas mon but. Je suis moi-même
+programmeur et je ne m'offusque pas de gagner de l'argent. Je ne passerais
+pas ma vie à en gagner, mais je ne refuse pas d'en gagner. Et je ne suis pas
+â l'éthique est la même pour tous â je ne suis pas contre le fait qu'un
+autre programmeur en gagne. Je ne veux pas faire baisser les prix, ce n'est
+pas du tout le problème. L'enjeu, c'est la liberté, la liberté de chaque
+personne qui utilise un logiciel, qu'elle sache programmer ou non.</p>
<p>à ce stade je dois vous donner une définition de ce qu'est le logiciel
libre. Je préfère aller au concret car dire simplement « Je crois en la
@@ -537,8 +551,8 @@
<p>Et si vous refusez d'apprendre la technologie, cela veut dire que vous avez
probablement beaucoup d'amis et que vous êtes doué dans l'art de les obliger
-Ã vous rendre service <i>[rires]</i>. Certains d'entre eux sont probablement
-informaticiens. Alors vous pouvez demander à l'un de vos amis
+Ã vous rendre service <span>[rires]</span>. Certains d'entre eux sont
+probablement informaticiens. Alors vous pouvez demander à l'un de vos amis
informaticiens : « Pourrais-tu changer ceci pour moi ? Ajouter cette
fonction ? » Beaucoup de gens peuvent donc bénéficier de la libertéÂ
1.</p>
@@ -590,28 +604,29 @@
mal ; le partage, ça veut dire que tu es un pirate. »</p>
<p>Qu'entendent-ils par le mot « pirate » ? Qu'aider son voisin est
-l'équivalent moral d'une attaque de bateau <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+l'équivalent moral d'une attaque de bateau <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>Que diraient Jésus et Bouddha à ce sujet ? Prenez vos chefs religieux
favoris. Je ne sais pas, peut-être Manson aurait dit quelque chose de
-différent <i>[rires]</i>. Qui sait ce que L. Ron Hubbard aurait dit,
+différent <span>[rires]</span>. Qui sait ce que L. Ron Hubbard aurait dit,
mais…</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Bien sûr, il est mort. Mais ils ne l'admettent
pas. Quoi ?</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : Les autres aussi sont
-morts. <i>[rires]</i>. Charles Manson aussi est mort <i>[rires]</i>. Ils
-sont morts, Jésus est mort, Bouddha est mort…</p>
-
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Oui, c'est vrai <i>[rires]</i>. De ce point de
-vue Ron Hubbard n'est pas pire que les autres <i>[rires]</i>. De toute
-façon… <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+morts. <span>[rires]</span>. Charles Manson aussi est mort
+<span>[rires]</span>. Ils sont morts, Jésus est mort, Bouddha est
+mort…</p>
+
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Oui, c'est vrai <span>[rires]</span>. De ce
+point de vue Ron Hubbard n'est pas pire que les autres
+<span>[rires]</span>. De toute façon… <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong> : L. Ron utilisait du logiciel libre ; ça l'a
-libéré de Zanu <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+libéré de Zanu <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Bon, quoi qu'il en soit, je pense que c'est
vraiment la raison la plus importante pour laquelle les logiciels doivent
@@ -674,7 +689,7 @@
une nouvelle correction, et une nouvelle fonction. Et une autre, et une
autre, jusqu'à ce qu'elles se déversent sur moi si vite qu'utiliser toute
cette aide devenait un gros travail. Microsoft n'a pas ce problème
-<i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>En fin de compte, des gens ont remarqué ce phénomène. Vous voyez, dans
les
années 80, beaucoup parmi nous pensaient que le logiciel libre ne serait
@@ -807,11 +822,11 @@
vous pensez que c'est des améliorations et que d'autres personnes sont
d'accord avec vous. Voilà , c'est cela la différence. Oh, j'oubliais un point
essentiel. Les libertés 1 et 3 dépendent de l'accès au code source. Parce
-que modifier un programme binaire c'est extrêmement difficile <i>[rires]</i>
-â même des changements très insignifiants comme d'utiliser quatre chiffres
-pour la date <i>[rires]</i>, si vous n'avez pas le source. Aussi pour des
-raisons pratiques l'accès au code source est une condition préalable, un
-prérequis du logiciel libre.</p>
+que modifier un programme binaire c'est extrêmement difficile
+<span>[rires]</span> â même des changements très insignifiants comme
+d'utiliser quatre chiffres pour la date <span>[rires]</span>, si vous n'avez
+pas le source. Aussi pour des raisons pratiques l'accès au code source est
+une condition préalable, un prérequis du logiciel libre.</p>
<p>Pourquoi définir le logiciel libre comme logiciel libre <em>pour
vous</em>Â ?
La raison en est que le même programme peut être libre pour certaines
@@ -854,15 +869,16 @@
<p>J'ai donc cherché un moyen d'empêcher que cela n'arrive. La méthode que
j'ai
trouvée est appelée « copyleft ». Ãa s'appelle copyleft car c'est un peu
-comme prendre un copyright et le retourner <i>[rires]</i>. Juridiquement le
-copyleft fonctionne sur la base du copyright. Nous utilisons le droit du
-copyright tel qu'il existe, mais nous l'utilisons pour atteindre un but très
-différent. Voici ce que nous faisons. Nous disons : « Ce programme est sous
-copyright. » Et bien sûr, par défaut, cela signifie qu'il est interdit de
le
-copier, de le distribuer et de le modifier. Mais alors nous disons : « Vous
-êtes autorisé à en distribuer des copies. Vous êtes autorisé à le
-modifier. Vous êtes autorisé à en distribuer des copies modifiées et
-étendues. Changez-le comme vous le souhaitez. »</p>
+comme prendre un copyright et le retourner
+<span>[rires]</span>. Juridiquement le copyleft fonctionne sur la base du
+copyright. Nous utilisons le droit du copyright tel qu'il existe, mais nous
+l'utilisons pour atteindre un but très différent. Voici ce que nous
+faisons. Nous disons : « Ce programme est sous copyright. » Et bien sûr,
par
+défaut, cela signifie qu'il est interdit de le copier, de le distribuer et
+de le modifier. Mais alors nous disons : « Vous êtes autorisé à en
+distribuer des copies. Vous êtes autorisé à le modifier. Vous êtes
autorisé
+à en distribuer des copies modifiées et étendues. Changez-le comme vous le
+souhaitez. »</p>
<p>Mais il y a une condition. Cette condition est évidemment la raison pour
laquelle nous nous sommes donnés tout ce mal â pour pouvoir
@@ -935,26 +951,27 @@
Microsoft l'attaque aujourd'hui. Voyez, Microsoft voudrait vraiment prendre
tout ce code que nous avons écrit et le mettre dans des programmes
privateurs. Faire ajouter quelques améliorations ou simplement des
-changements incompatibles par quelqu'un, cela suffirait. <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+changements incompatibles par quelqu'un, cela
+suffirait. <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p>Vous savez, avec leur puissance marketing, les gens de chez Microsoft n'ont
pas vraiment besoin de faire une version meilleure pour nous supplanter. Ils
ont juste besoin de la rendre différente et incompatible, et ensuite de la
mettre sur le bureau de tout le monde. Donc ils n'aiment pas du tout la GPL,
parce que la GNU GPL ne leur permet pas de le faire. Elle n'autorise pas la
-stratégie de la pieuvre <i>[embrace and extend]</i>. Elle dit : « Si vous
-voulez vous servir de notre code dans vos programmes, vous pouvez, mais vous
-devrez aussi partager, et partager à l'identique. Les changements que vous
-avez faits devront pouvoir être partagés. » C'est une coopération dans les
-deux sens, une vraie coopération.</p>
+stratégie de la pieuvre <span>[embrace and extend]</span>. Elle dit : « Si
+vous voulez vous servir de notre code dans vos programmes, vous pouvez, mais
+vous devrez aussi partager, et partager à l'identique. Les changements que
+vous avez faits devront pouvoir être partagés. » C'est une coopération
dans
+les deux sens, une vraie coopération.</p>
<p>Beaucoup d'entreprises, même de grosses sociétés comme IBM et HP, sont
d'accord pour utiliser nos logiciels dans cet esprit. IBM et HP contribuent
à de substantielles améliorations des logiciels GNU et développent d'autres
logiciels libres. Mais Microsoft ne veut pas de ça. Ils prétendent que le
business est incompatible avec la GPL. Eh bien, si le business n'inclut pas
-IBM, et HP, et SUN, peut-être qu'ils ont raison <i>[rires]</i>. J'en dirai
-plus ultérieurement sur le sujet.</p>
+IBM, et HP, et SUN, peut-être qu'ils ont raison <span>[rires]</span>. J'en
+dirai plus ultérieurement sur le sujet.</p>
<p>Je dois d'abord terminer l'exposé historique. En 1984 nous avons entrepris,
non seulement d'écrire du logiciel libre, mais de faire quelque chose de
@@ -992,7 +1009,7 @@
essentiels comme le shell et la bibliothèque C ont été écrits comme cela,
ainsi que des parties d'autres programmes. Le programme <code>tar</code>,
qui est absolument essentiel bien que pas du tout passionnant, fut écrit
-comme ça <i>[rires]</i>. Je crois que GNU grep a été écrit comme ça
+comme ça <span>[rires]</span>. Je crois que GNU grep a été écrit comme ça
également. Si bien que nous approchions du but.</p>
<p>Vers 1991, il ne manquait plus qu'un morceau essentiel, le noyau. Pourquoi
@@ -1030,9 +1047,9 @@
disaient-ils, « nous avons un noyau. Allons à la recherche de morceaux qui
puissent s'assembler avec lui. » Alors ils ont regardé partout, et
surprise… tout ce dont ils avaient besoin était disponible ! «Â
Quelle
-bonne fortune, » dirent-ils, <i>[rires]</i> « tout est là . Il y a tout ce
-dont nous avons besoin. Prenons simplement tous ces morceaux et mettons-les
-ensemble, ainsi nous aurons un système complet. »</p>
+bonne fortune, » dirent-ils, <span>[rires]</span> « tout est là . Il y a
tout
+ce dont nous avons besoin. Prenons simplement tous ces morceaux et
+mettons-les ensemble, ainsi nous aurons un système complet. »</p>
<p>Ils ne savaient pas que la plus grande partie de ce qu'ils trouvaient,
c'était des morceaux du système GNU. Ils n'ont pas compris qu'ils plaçaient
@@ -1040,11 +1057,11 @@
Linux et qu'ils en faisaient un système. Alors ils l'ont appelé « système
Linux ».</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Vous entends pas… Quoi ?</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Bien je crois que ce n'est pas vraiment…
C'est provincial, vous savez.</p>
@@ -1072,11 +1089,11 @@
<p>Et donc, nous sommes ceux… tous les morceaux qui n'ont pas été
faits
par d'autres, nous les avons faits. Sinon nous n'aurions pas eu un système
complet. Même quand ils étaient parfaitement fastidieux et pas du tout
-romantiques comme <code>tar</code> ou <code>mv</code> <i>[rires]</i>, nous
-les avons faits. Ou <code>ld</code> ; vous savez, il n'y a rien de très
-passionnant dans <code>ld</code>, mais j'en ai fait un <i>[rires]</i>, et je
-me suis donné du mal pour qu'il utilise un minimum d'entrées-sorties sur
-disque afin qu'il soit plus rapide et qu'il gère de plus gros
+romantiques comme <code>tar</code> ou <code>mv</code> <span>[rires]</span>,
+nous les avons faits. Ou <code>ld</code> ; vous savez, il n'y a rien de très
+passionnant dans <code>ld</code>, mais j'en ai fait un <span>[rires]</span>,
+et je me suis donné du mal pour qu'il utilise un minimum d'entrées-sorties
+sur disque afin qu'il soit plus rapide et qu'il gère de plus gros
programmes. Vous voyez, j'aime bien faire du bon boulot, j'aime bien
améliorer différentes choses du programme pendant que je le réalise. Mais la
raison pour laquelle je l'ai fait n'est pas que j'avais des idées brillantes
@@ -1094,30 +1111,30 @@
projet GNU, car d'habitude nous ne sommes pas reconnus pour le travail que
nous avons fait. Je pense que Linux, le noyau, est un logiciel libre très
utile et je n'ai que de bonnes choses à en dire. Bon, en fait, je pourrais
-trouver un peu de mal à en dire <i>[rires]</i>, mais pour l'essentiel j'en
-dis du bien. Toutefois, appeler le système GNU « Linux » est juste une
+trouver un peu de mal à en dire <span>[rires]</span>, mais pour l'essentiel
+j'en dis du bien. Toutefois, appeler le système GNU « Linux » est juste
une
erreur. Je vous demanderai de faire le petit effort nécessaire pour appeler
ce système « GNU/Linux », et ainsi nous aider à en partager le
crédit.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong> : Vous avez besoin d'une mascotte ! Trouvez-vous
-un animal en peluche ! <i>[rires]</i></p>
+un animal en peluche ! <span>[rires]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Nous en avons un.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong> : Ah bon ?</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Nous avons un animal : un gnou
-<i>[rires]</i>. Alors, oui, lorsque vous dessinez un manchot, dessinez un
-gnou à côté <i>[rires]</i>. Mais gardons les questions pour la fin. Je dois
-encore avancer.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Alors, oui, lorsque vous dessinez un manchot, dessinez
+un gnou à côté <span>[rires]</span>. Mais gardons les questions pour la
+fin. Je dois encore avancer.</p>
<p>Pourquoi est-ce que je me préoccupe tant de cela ? Pourquoi est-ce que je
pense que cela vaut la peine de vous ennuyer et peut-être de vous donner une
-piètre opinion de moi-même <i>[rires]</i> pour poser le problème de la
+piètre opinion de moi-même <span>[rires]</span> pour poser le problème de la
reconnaissance ? Parce que certaines personnes, quand je parle de ça,
certaines personnes pensent que je le fais pour nourrir mon ego. Bien sûr,
-je ne vous demande pas de l'appeler « Stallmanix », n'est-ce pas ?
<i>[rires
-et applaudissements]</i></p>
+je ne vous demande pas de l'appeler « Stallmanix », n'est-ce pas ?
+<span>[rires et applaudissements]</span></p>
<p>Je vous demande de l'appeler GNU parce que je veux que le projet GNU en ait
le crédit. Il y a une raison très particulière, beaucoup plus importante que
@@ -1134,7 +1151,7 @@
route. C'est sa philosophie que nous devons examiner attentivement. » Et
quand ils entendent parler de la philosophie GNU ils disent : « Mon Dieu,
que c'est idéaliste ! Cela semble bien peu réaliste. Je suis un utilisateur
-de Linux, pas de GNU. » <i>[rires]</i></p>
+de Linux, pas de GNU. » <span>[rires]</span></p>
<p>Quelle ironie ! Si seulement ils savaient ! S'ils savaient que le système
qu'ils apprécient et dans certains cas aiment à la folie, c'est notre
@@ -1187,16 +1204,16 @@
publicités pour des programmes non libres que vous pouvez faire fonctionner
sur le système GNU/Linux. Ces publicités ont un message commun : « Le
logiciel non libre est bon pour vous, tellement bon que vous pourriez même
-<em>payer</em> pour l'avoir. » <i>[rires]</i></p>
+<em>payer</em> pour l'avoir. » <span>[rires]</span></p>
<p>Ils donnent à ces choses le nom de « paquets à valeur ajoutée », ce
qui en
dit long sur leurs valeurs. Ils disent : « Accordez de la valeur au côté
pratique, pas à la liberté. » Je n'adhère pas à ces valeurs, aussi je les
-appelle « paquets à liberté soustraite » <i>[rires]</i>. Parce que si
vous
-avez installé un système d'exploitation libre, vous vivez maintenant dans le
-monde du libre. Vous bénéficiez de la liberté que nous avons travaillée
-pendant tant d'années à vous donner. Ces paquets vous donnent l'occasion de
-vous attacher à une chaîne.</p>
+appelle « paquets à liberté soustraite » <span>[rires]</span>. Parce que
si
+vous avez installé un système d'exploitation libre, vous vivez maintenant
+dans le monde du libre. Vous bénéficiez de la liberté que nous avons
+travaillée pendant tant d'années à vous donner. Ces paquets vous donnent
+l'occasion de vous attacher à une chaîne.</p>
<p>Si vous regardez les expositions commerciales autour du système GNU/Linux,
elles s'appellent toutes « Linux »-expo. Et elles sont remplies de stands
@@ -1212,11 +1229,11 @@
<p>Bien sûr, en utilisant simplement ce nom vous ne donnerez pas une
explication historique. Vous pouvez taper quatre lettres supplémentaires et
écrire « GNU/Linux ». Vous pouvez dire deux syllabes de plus. GNU/Linux,
-c'est moins de syllabes que Windows 2000 <i>[rires]</i>. Vous n'en dites pas
-vraiment beaucoup, mais vous les préparez pour le jour où ils entendront
-parler de GNU et de ce qu'il représente. Ils verront alors comment ça se
-rattache à leur vie. Et cela, indirectement, fait une différence
-énorme. Alors s'il vous plaît, aidez-nous.</p>
+c'est moins de syllabes que Windows 2000 <span>[rires]</span>. Vous n'en
+dites pas vraiment beaucoup, mais vous les préparez pour le jour où ils
+entendront parler de GNU et de ce qu'il représente. Ils verront alors
+comment ça se rattache à leur vie. Et cela, indirectement, fait une
+différence énorme. Alors s'il vous plaît, aidez-nous.</p>
<p>Vous noterez que Microsoft qualifie la GPL de « licence open source ».
Ils
ne veulent pas que les gens pensent en termes de liberté. Ils incitent les
@@ -1267,9 +1284,9 @@
fois que vous utilisez le programme, vous êtes obligé de passer par eux pour
l'assistance, parce que migrer vers un autre logiciel est un travail
énorme. Alors vous finissez par payer pour avoir le privilège de signaler un
-bogue <i>[rires]</i>. Et une fois que vous avez payé ils vous disent : «Â
OK,
-nous avons noté le bogue. Dans quelques mois vous pourrez acheter une mise Ã
-jour et vous verrez si nous l'avons réparé. » <i>[rires]</i></p>
+bogue <span>[rires]</span>. Et une fois que vous avez payé ils vous disent :
+« OK, nous avons noté le bogue. Dans quelques mois vous pourrez acheter une
+mise à jour et vous verrez si nous l'avons réparé. »
<span>[rires]</span></p>
<p>Les sociétés de service dans le logiciel libre ne peuvent pas s'en tirer
comme ça. Elles doivent satisfaire les consommateurs. Bien sûr vous pouvez
@@ -1287,7 +1304,7 @@
<p>Il pourrait avoir des fonctionnalités, implantées délibérément, que
vous
n'aimeriez pas si vous étiez au courant de leur existence. Par exemple il
-pourrait avoir une « porte dérobée » <i>[backdoor]</i> pour laisser le
+pourrait avoir une « porte dérobée » <span>[backdoor]</span> pour
laisser le
développeur rentrer dans votre machine. Elle pourrait vous espionner et lui
renvoyer des informations. Ce n'est pas inhabituel. Certains programmes de
Microsoft le faisaient, mais pas seulement ceux de Microsoft. Il y a
@@ -1330,13 +1347,13 @@
qui régissent la vie des gens. Avec le logiciel libre, ces lois sont écrites
d'une façon démocratique. Pas comme la démocratie traditionnelle â il
n'y a
pas de grand référendum où l'on demande : « Comment voulez-vous
implémenter
-cette nouvelle fonctionnalité ? » <i>[rires]</i> à la place nous disons :
-« Que ceux qui veulent travailler à mettre en Åuvre telle fonctionnalité,
de
-telle façon, le fassent ; et si vous voulez le faire autrement, allez-y. »
-Et cela se fait d'une manière ou d'une autre. Si beaucoup de gens veulent le
-faire de cette façon, c'est comme cela que ça se fait. Ainsi, tout le monde
-contribue à la décision de la société simplement en avançant dans la
-direction où l'on veut aller.</p>
+cette nouvelle fonctionnalité ? » <span>[rires]</span> à la place nous
+disons : « Que ceux qui veulent travailler à mettre en Åuvre telle
+fonctionnalité, de telle façon, le fassent ; et si vous voulez le faire
+autrement, allez-y. » Et cela se fait d'une manière ou d'une autre. Si
+beaucoup de gens veulent le faire de cette façon, c'est comme cela que ça se
+fait. Ainsi, tout le monde contribue à la décision de la société simplement
+en avançant dans la direction où l'on veut aller.</p>
<p>Et vous êtes, personnellement, libre d'aller aussi loin que vous voulez.
Une
entreprise est libre d'avancer dans une direction autant qu'elle le
@@ -1400,7 +1417,7 @@
plupart des emplois étant dans cette fraction de l'industrie, même s'il
n'était pas possible d'avoir une économie du libre les développeurs de
logiciel libre pourraient quand même trouver un emploi dans le sur mesure
-<i>[rires]</i>. Il y en a tellement, une si grande proportion !</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Il y en a tellement, une si grande proportion !</p>
<p>Mais il se trouve qu'il existe une industrie du logiciel libre. Il y a des
entreprises de logiciel libre. à la conférence de presse que je vais faire,
@@ -1417,9 +1434,9 @@
l'heure je changeais ce que vous vouliez dans les programmes GNU que j'avais
écrits. Oui, c'était un tarif élevé, mais c'était pour des programmes que
j'avais écrits et les gens pensaient que j'y passerais moins de temps
-<i>[rires]</i>. Et j'ai gagné ma vie avec ça. En fait, j'ai gagné plus que
-jamais auparavant. J'ai aussi enseigné. J'ai continué jusqu'en 1990 où j'ai
-obtenu une récompense importante ; alors je n'ai plus eu à le faire.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Et j'ai gagné ma vie avec ça. En fait, j'ai gagné plus
+que jamais auparavant. J'ai aussi enseigné. J'ai continué jusqu'en 1990 où
+j'ai obtenu une récompense importante ; alors je n'ai plus eu à le
faire.</p>
<p>C'est en 1990 que la première entreprise de logiciel libre a été formée,
<i>Cygnus Support</i>. Leur travail était essentiellement le même que le
@@ -1460,7 +1477,7 @@
que ce soit dans certains secteurs de l'économie â plus de la moitié des
serveurs web tournent sous GNU/Linux avec Apache.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <i>[inaudible]</i> Qu'avez-vous dit avant
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <span>[inaudible]</span> Qu'avez-vous dit avant
Linux ?…</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : J'ai dit GNU/Linux.</p>
@@ -1505,8 +1522,8 @@
moins entendu parler (du moins dans certains cas ; je suppose qu'il faut
oublier la guerre du Vietnam).</p>
-<p><i>[Note de l'éditeur : la veille, c'était le Memorial Day aux
Ãtats-Unis,
-le jour où l'on commémore les héros des guerres.]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Note de l'éditeur : la veille, c'était le Memorial Day aux
+Ãtats-Unis, le jour où l'on commémore les héros des guerres.]</span></p>
<p>Mais heureusement, garder notre liberté dans l'utilisation des logiciels
n'exige pas de grands sacrifices. Juste de petits sacrifices minuscules,
@@ -1534,7 +1551,7 @@
<p>Je vais donc maintenant passer aux questions.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Pourriez-vous parler plus fort s'il vous
plaît ?
Je ne peux vraiment pas vous entendre.</p>
@@ -1582,11 +1599,11 @@
<p>Parce qu'après tout, bien que Microsoft soit la société de logiciel
privateur qui a sous sa coupe le plus de monde, si les autres n'en ont pas
-autant ce n'est pas faute d'avoir essayé <i>[rires]</i>. Simplement ils
-n'ont pas si bien réussi. Donc le problème n'est pas Microsoft et uniquement
-Microsoft. Microsoft est seulement le plus grand exemple du problème que
-nous voulons résoudre, à savoir que le logiciel privateur éloigne les
-utilisateurs de la liberté de coopérer et de former une société
+autant ce n'est pas faute d'avoir essayé <span>[rires]</span>. Simplement
+ils n'ont pas si bien réussi. Donc le problème n'est pas Microsoft et
+uniquement Microsoft. Microsoft est seulement le plus grand exemple du
+problème que nous voulons résoudre, à savoir que le logiciel privateur
+éloigne les utilisateurs de la liberté de coopérer et de former une
société
éthique. Aussi ne faut-il pas trop se focaliser sur Microsoft. Vous savez,
bien qu'ils m'aient donné l'occasion d'être ici, ça ne les rend pas plus
importants. Ils ne sont pas l'alpha et l'oméga.</p>
@@ -1617,7 +1634,7 @@
n'ai pas de commentaire là -dessus. »</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Exact. En réalité j'ai beaucoup à dire sur
les
-brevets. Ãa prendrait une heure <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+brevets. Ãa prendrait une heure <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : Je voulais dire ceci. Il me semble qu'il y a un
problème. Il y a une raison pour que les entreprises appellent les brevets
@@ -1707,7 +1724,7 @@
beaucoup de coopération.</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Tout à fait. Et je suppose que cela demande
une
-sorte de concept d'« usage raisonnable » <i>[fair use]</i>.<a
+sorte de concept d'« usage raisonnable » <span>[fair use]</span>.<a
id="TransNote11-rev" href="#TransNote11"><sup>11</sup></a> Certainement
faire un sample de quelques secondes et l'utiliser pour faire une Åuvre
musicale, ce doit être un usage raisonnable. Même l'idée ordinaire d'usage
@@ -1726,7 +1743,7 @@
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : Je suis, comment diriez-vous, un utilisateur de
GNU/Linux…</p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Merci <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>Â : Merci <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : …Â depuis quatre ans. La seule chose qui
m'ait parue problématique et qui est quelque chose d'essentiel, je crois,
@@ -1755,7 +1772,7 @@
<p>Cela dit, il y a des navigateurs libres depuis de nombreuses années. Il y
en
a un que j'utilise et qui s'appelle Lynx. Il n'est pas graphique, il est en
mode texte. Il a l'extraordinaire avantage de ne pas afficher les publicités
-<i>[rires et applaudissements]</i>.</p>
+<span>[rires et applaudissements]</span>.</p>
<p>Mais de toute façon il y a un projet libre de navigateur graphique appelé
Mozilla, qui est pratiquement au point. Et je l'utilise à l'occasion.</p>
@@ -1770,8 +1787,8 @@
philosophique ou éthique entre le logiciel libre et l'open source ?
Pensez-vous que les deux soient irréconciliables ? […]</p>
-<p><i>[la fin de la question et le début de la réponse ont sauté au
changement
-de cassette.]</i></p>
+<p><span>[la fin de la question et le début de la réponse ont sauté au
+changement de cassette.]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : […] à une liberté et à une éthique,
ou
bien si on dit seulement : « Eh bien, j'espère que vous, les entreprises,
@@ -1789,7 +1806,7 @@
Linux comme argument de vente, en disant « Linux ».</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Oui, bien sûr c'est en réalité le système
-GNU/Linux <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+GNU/Linux <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>Â : C'est vrai. Eh bien le responsable des ventes,
il n'y connaît rien à GNU.</p>
@@ -1818,13 +1835,13 @@
c'est une situation compliquée. Une partie de ce qu'ils font est une
contribution, une autre non et une troisième est entre les deux. On ne peut
pas mélanger tout ça et penser « Ouah ! Un milliard de dollars d'IBM !Â
»
-<i>[rires]</i> C'est simplifier à outrance !</p>
+<span>[rires]</span> C'est simplifier à outrance !</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong> : Pouvez-vous en dire plus sur la pensée qui
sous-tend la licence publique générale ?</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Bon, voici le… Je suis désolé, je suis
en
-train de répondre à sa question <i>[rires]</i>.</p>
+train de répondre à sa question <span>[rires]</span>.</p>
<p><strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Voulez-vous réserver du temps pour la
conférence
de presse ? Ou souhaitez-vous continuer ici ?</p>
@@ -1848,14 +1865,14 @@
<p>Mais l'autre raison, c'est que je voulais donner le sentiment à la
communauté qu'elle n'était pas un paillasson, le sentiment qu'elle ne serait
pas la proie du premier parasite venu. Si vous n'utilisez pas le copyleft,
-vous dites en substance : <i>[voix mièvre]</i> « Prenez mon code. Faites ce
-que vous voulez. Je ne dis pas non. » Alors n'importe qui peut arriver en
-disant : <i>[voix très ferme]</i> « Aah ! je veux en faire une version non
-libre. Je le prends. » Puis il va très probablement faire quelques
-améliorations. Ces versions non libres intéresseront les utilisateurs et
-remplaceront les versions libres. Au final, qu'est-ce que vous aurez
-accompli ? Vous aurez simplement fait une donation à un projet de logiciel
-privateur.</p>
+vous dites en substance : <span>[voix mièvre]</span> « Prenez mon
+code. Faites ce que vous voulez. Je ne dis pas non. » Alors n'importe qui
+peut arriver en disant : <span>[voix très ferme]</span> « Aah ! je veux en
+faire une version non libre. Je le prends. » Puis il va très probablement
+faire quelques améliorations. Ces versions non libres intéresseront les
+utilisateurs et remplaceront les versions libres. Au final, qu'est-ce que
+vous aurez accompli ? Vous aurez simplement fait une donation à un projet de
+logiciel privateur.</p>
<p>Et quand les gens verront ce qui s'est produit, quand des gens verront que
les autres prennent et ne donnent jamais, ça peut les démoraliser. Ce n'est
@@ -1997,60 +2014,72 @@
nous lui devons beaucoup pour cela. Je voudrais signaler au public qu'il y a
maintenant une pause.</p>
-<p><i>[applaudissements]</i></p>
+<p><span>[applaudissements]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong> : Vous êtes libres de sortir quand vous voulez
-<i>[rires]</i>. Je ne vous retiens pas prisonniers ici, vous savez.</p>
+<span>[rires]</span>. Je ne vous retiens pas prisonniers ici, vous savez.</p>
-<p><i>[Le public sort…]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Le public sort…]</span></p>
-<p><i>[Conversations diffuses…]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Conversations diffuses…]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Un dernier mot, notre site web :
www.gnu.org.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
<hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1"><i>Proprietary software</i> se traduit souvent par
-« logiciel propriétaire ». « Privateur » est un néologisme inventé
par RMS
-pour exprimer la notion que les logiciels propriétaires privent
-l'utilisateur de ses libertés. <a href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">Traduction : Bien ! <a
-href="#TransNote2-rev">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote3">Zwei était Eine à l'origine. <a href="#TransNote3-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote4">Prononcer « nou » ; traduction : nouveau. <a
-href="#TransNote4-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote5">Nouveau système d'exploitation. <a
-href="#TransNote5-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote6">Le mot français « libre » n'a pas cette ambiguïté
car
-« entrée libre » est à peu près le seul cas où l'on peut lui donner le
sens
-de « gratuit ». On constate malgré tout que le logiciel libre est souvent
-assimilé (par erreur) à du logiciel gratuit. <a href="#TransNote6-rev"
-class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote7">Déclaration d'indépendance <em>américaine</em>. <a
-href="#TransNote7-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote8">« X Windows » est une abréviation de « système X
-Window ». Cela n'a rien à voir avec un système d'exploitation privateur
bien
-connu. <a href="#TransNote8-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote9">Anciennement <i>National Public Radio</i> : fédération
-de radios locales non commerciales, produisant des programmes culturels ou
-d'actualité diffusés sur tout le territoire des Ãtats-Unis. <a
-href="#TransNote9-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote10">L'enregistrement de ce paragraphe était probablement
-difficile à comprendre, ce qui a donné une transcription à peu près
-intraduisible. Nous en avons fait une interprétation très libre. <a
-href="#TransNote10-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote11">Un concept juridique propre au copyright américain. <a
-href="#TransNote11-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+<i>Proprietary software</i> se traduit souvent par « logiciel
+propriétaire ». « Privateur » est un néologisme inventé par RMS pour
+exprimer la notion que les logiciels propriétaires privent l'utilisateur de
+ses libertés.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Traduction : Bien !</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote3" href="#TransNote3-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Zwei était Eine à l'origine.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote4" href="#TransNote4-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Prononcer « nou » ; traduction : nouveau.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote5" href="#TransNote5-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Nouveau système d'exploitation.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote6" href="#TransNote6-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Le mot français « libre » n'a pas cette ambiguïté car « entrée
libre » est Ã
+peu près le seul cas où l'on peut lui donner le sens de « gratuit ». On
+constate malgré tout que le logiciel libre est souvent assimilé (par erreur)
+Ã du logiciel gratuit.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote7" href="#TransNote7-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Déclaration d'indépendance <em>américaine</em>.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote8" href="#TransNote8-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+« X Window » est une abréviation de « système X Window ». Cela n'a
rien Ã
+voir avec un système d'exploitation privateur bien connu.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote9" href="#TransNote9-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Anciennement <i>National Public Radio</i> : fédération de radios locales non
+commerciales, produisant des programmes culturels ou d'actualité diffusés
+sur tout le territoire des Ãtats-Unis.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote10" href="#TransNote10-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+L'enregistrement de ce paragraphe était probablement mauvais, ce qui a donné
+une transcription à peu près intraduisible. Nous en avons fait une
+interprétation très libre.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote11" href="#TransNote11-rev"
+class="nounderline">↑</a>Â
+Un concept juridique propre au copyright américain.</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -2070,7 +2099,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -2099,7 +2128,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -2117,11 +2146,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: university.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/university.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- university.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.37
+++ university.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/university.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/university.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/university.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/university.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Freie Software freigeben, wenn man an einer Universität tätig ist</h2>
<p>
@@ -212,7 +218,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: university.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/university.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- university.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:16 -0000 1.32
+++ university.it.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/university.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/university.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/university.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/university.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
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<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Rilasciare software libero se lavorate all'università </h2>
<p>
@@ -201,7 +207,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: university.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/university.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- university.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.14
+++ university.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/university.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/university.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/university.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/university.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Vrije software uitbrengen wanneer je op een universiteit werkt</h2>
<p>
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: university.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/university.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- university.pl.html 20 Apr 2021 12:03:23 -0000 1.48
+++ university.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.49
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/university.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/university.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/university.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/university.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/university.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Wydawanie wolnego oprogramowania a praca na uczelni</h2>
<p>
@@ -212,7 +218,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2021/04/20 12:03:23 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- using-gfdl.ca.html 30 May 2021 19:03:20 -0000 1.33
+++ using-gfdl.ca.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ca.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ca.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ca.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ca.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ca.html" -->
<h2>Utilitzar la Llicència de Documentació Lliure de GNU (GFDL)</h2>
<p>per <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- using-gfdl.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.27
+++ using-gfdl.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Verwendung der GNU FDL</h2>
<p>von <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -142,7 +148,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.id.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.id.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- using-gfdl.id.html 8 Dec 2016 16:27:46 -0000 1.8
+++ using-gfdl.id.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.9
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.id.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.id.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html"
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var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.id.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.id.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.id.html" -->
<h2>Menggunakan GNU FDL</h2>
<p>oleh <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -144,7 +150,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Perubahan terakhir:
-$Date: 2016/12/08 16:27:46 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- using-gfdl.it.html 21 Apr 2018 17:31:09 -0000 1.25
+++ using-gfdl.it.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.26
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Utilizzare la GNU FDL</h2>
<p>di <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2018/04/21 17:31:09 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- using-gfdl.ko.html 12 Jul 2014 12:59:13 -0000 1.30
+++ using-gfdl.ko.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.31
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ko.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ko.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ko.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<h2>GNU FDL ì¬ì©í기</h2>
<p>ê¸: <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>리ì²ë ì¤í¨ë¨¼</a></p>
@@ -111,7 +117,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2014/07/12 12:59:13 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- using-gfdl.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.16
+++ using-gfdl.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.17
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html"
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var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>GNU FDL Gebruiken</h2>
<p>door <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- using-gfdl.pl.html 10 Mar 2016 05:29:04 -0000 1.14
+++ using-gfdl.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Stosowanie GNU FDL</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2016/03/10 05:29:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: using-gfdl.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- using-gfdl.zh-tw.html 27 Aug 2019 15:31:22 -0000 1.4
+++ using-gfdl.zh-tw.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<h2>ä½¿ç¨ GNU FDL</h2>
<p>ä½è
çº <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2019/08/27 15:31:22 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-copyleft.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- why-copyleft.de.html 5 Jul 2020 14:01:37 -0000 1.38
+++ why-copyleft.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.39
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Copyleft. Warum?</h2>
<p>
@@ -155,7 +161,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2020/07/05 14:01:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-copyleft.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- why-copyleft.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:16 -0000 1.29
+++ why-copyleft.it.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Perché Copyleft?</h2>
<p>
@@ -152,7 +158,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-copyleft.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- why-copyleft.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.21
+++ why-copyleft.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.22
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Waarom Copyleft?</h2>
<p>
@@ -146,7 +152,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-copyleft.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- why-copyleft.uk.html 31 May 2021 20:31:36 -0000 1.7
+++ why-copyleft.uk.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>ÐавÑÑо копÑлеÑÑ?</h2>
<p>
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 20:31:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-copyleft.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- why-copyleft.zh-tw.html 5 Jul 2020 14:01:37 -0000 1.7
+++ why-copyleft.zh-tw.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-copyleft.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<h2>çºä»éº¼è¦ç¨èä½å³ (Copyleft)ï¼</h2>
<p>
@@ -121,7 +127,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2020/07/05 14:01:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- x.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.37
+++ x.de.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Die X Window System-Falle</h2>
@@ -246,7 +252,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.ja.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.ja.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- x.ja.html 1 Jul 2021 02:03:52 -0000 1.39
+++ x.ja.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.40
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.ja.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.ja.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.ja-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ja.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -13,6 +18,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ja.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ja.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Xã¦ã£ã³ãã¦ã»ã·ã¹ãã ã®ç½ </h2>
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æçµæ´æ°:
-$Date: 2021/07/01 02:03:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- x.ko.html 6 Oct 2020 08:42:13 -0000 1.30
+++ x.ko.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.31
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.ko.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.ko.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.ko-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ko.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>X ìëì° ìì¤í
ì í¨ì </h2>
@@ -184,7 +190,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2020/10/06 08:42:13 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- x.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.19
+++ x.nl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.20
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>De X Window's Valstrik</h2>
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- x.pl.html 6 Oct 2020 08:42:13 -0000 1.46
+++ x.pl.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.47
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>PuÅapka X Window</h2>
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2020/10/06 08:42:13 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: x.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/x.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- x.zh-tw.html 28 Apr 2021 13:00:45 -0000 1.1
+++ x.zh-tw.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:53 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/x.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/x.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/x.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/x.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-21" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/x.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>X Window 系統çé·é±</h2>
@@ -155,7 +161,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2021/04/28 13:00:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:53 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.47
retrieving revision 1.48
diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html 11 Sep 2021 11:35:44 -0000
1.47
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000
1.48
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@
<p>
Now, is this an advantageous trade? Well, when the general public
can't make copies because they can only be efficiently made on
-printing presses—and most people don't own printing presses
-— the result is that the general public is trading away a
+printing presses—and most people don't own printing presses—the
+result is that the general public is trading away a
freedom it is unable to exercise, a freedom that is of no practical
value. So if you have something that is a byproduct of your life and
it's useless and you have the opportunity to exchange it for something
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@
priority. Copyright was easy to enforce because it was a restriction
only on publishers who were easy to find and what they published was
easy to see. Now the copyright is a restriction on each and everyone
-of you. To enforce it requires surveillance—an intrusion
-— and harsh punishments, and we are seeing these being enacted
+of you. To enforce it requires surveillance—an intrusion—and
+harsh punishments, and we are seeing these being enacted
into law in the U.S. and other countries.</p>
<p>
And copyright used to be, arguably, an advantageous trade for the
@@ -559,8 +559,8 @@
Well, it might be a good compromise policy to have copyright cover
commercial verbatim copying but allow everyone the right to do
non-commercial verbatim copying. This way, the copyright on the
-commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions
-— only the author could approve a modified version—would
+commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions—only
+the author could approve a modified version—would
still provide the same revenue stream that it provides now to fund the
writing of these works, to whatever extent it does.</p>
<p>
@@ -862,9 +862,9 @@
Well, clearly, that's not the way to make the public feel like sending
you money. You've got to make them love you, not fear you.</p>
<p>
-<b>SPEAKER</b>: The details were that he required a certain percentage
-— I don't know the exact percentage, around 90% sounds correct
-— of people to send a certain amount of money, which, I believe,
+<b>SPEAKER</b>: The details were that he required a certain percentage—I
+don't know the exact percentage, around 90% sounds correct—of
+people to send a certain amount of money, which, I believe,
was a dollar or two dollars, or somewhere in that order of magnitude.
You had to type in your name and your e-mail address and some other
information to get to download it and if that percentage of people was
@@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/11 11:35:44 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html 10 Sep 2021 12:37:04
-0000 1.35
+++ po/free-software-even-more-important.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54
-0000 1.36
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@
service programmed and run by an entity other than the state, since
this would be SaaSS.</p>
-<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial case
-— against its developer. And the developer may help others attack.
+<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial
+case—against its developer. And the developer may help others attack.
<a
href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/";>
Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital
spying agency) before fixing them. We do not know whether Apple does
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/10 12:37:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- po/kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:02 -0000 1.30
+++ po/kevin-cole-response.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.31
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights, word, attachment, word attachment, microsoft" />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kevin-cole-response.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</h2>
+<address class="byline">by Kevin Cole</address>
+
<p>
This is an automatic message:
</p>
@@ -43,28 +51,11 @@
antitrust violations by both the U.S. District Court and the
U.S. Court of Appeals.)
</p>
-
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document.
- For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the document
- was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -82,47 +73,30 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>Copyright © 2003 Kevin Cole</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- po/limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html 18 Nov 2016 07:32:58 -0000 1.16
+++ po/limit-patent-effect.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.17
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/limit-patent-effect.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p><em>A version of this article was first published at
-<a
href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/11/richard-stallman-software-patents/";>Wired</a>
-in November 2012.</em></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>Patents threaten every software developer, and the patent wars we have
long feared have broken out. Software developers and software
@@ -19,11 +22,11 @@
to be free of patents.</p>
<p>The patents that threaten us are often called “software
-patents”, but that term is misleading. Such patents are not
+patents,” but that term is misleading. Such patents are not
about any specific program. Rather, each patent describes some
practical idea, and says that anyone carrying out the idea can be
sued. So it is clearer to call them “computational idea
-patents”.</p>
+patents.”</p>
<p>The US patent system doesn't label patents to say this one's a
“software patent” and that one isn't. Software developers
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@
trolls” or “bad quality” patents. The worst patent
aggressor today is Apple, which isn't a “troll” by the
usual definition; I don't know whether Apple's patents are “good
-quality”, but the better the patent's “quality” the
+quality,” but the better the patent's “quality” the
more dangerous its threat.</p>
<p>We need to fix the whole problem, not just part of it.</p>
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@
<ul>
<li>It does not require classifying patents or patent applications as
-“software” or “not software”.</li>
+“software” or “not software.”</li>
<li>It provides developers and users with protection from both existing
and potential future computational idea patents.</li>
<li>Patent lawyers cannot defeat the intended effect by writing
@@ -124,13 +127,24 @@
cooperating… without the fear that some stranger will wipe away
our work.</p>
+<div class="comment" role="complementary">
<p><em>See also:
<a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">
Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a></em></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>A version of this article was first published at
+<a
href="https://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/11/richard-stallman-software-patents/";>
+<cite>Wired</cite></a> in November 2012.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -148,13 +162,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -174,7 +188,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -184,10 +198,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/11/18 07:32:58 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/mcvoy.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/mcvoy.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/mcvoy.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:06 -0000 1.32
+++ po/mcvoy.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-nonfree" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Thank You, Larry McVoy
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/mcvoy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Thank You, Larry McVoy</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>
For the first time in my life, I want to thank Larry McVoy. He
@@ -124,10 +131,11 @@
programs are dangerous to you and to your community. Don't let them
get a place in your life.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -145,19 +153,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -172,20 +180,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:06 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html 16 Sep 2021 17:08:39 -0000
1.38
+++ po/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000
1.39
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@
capitalism, once upon a time identified by Joseph Schumpeter. We are
doing a thing better at lower cost than it is presently being done by
those people using other people's money to do it. The result -
-celebrated everywhere that capitalism is actually believed in —
-is that existing firms are going to have to change their way of
+celebrated everywhere that capitalism is actually believed in—is
+that existing firms are going to have to change their way of
operation or leave the market. This is usually regarded as a positive
outcome, associated with enormous welfare increases of which
capitalism celebrates at every opportunity everywhere all the time in
@@ -849,8 +849,8 @@
<p>
But in the end, it is our ability to unify all of the elements of the
-information society—software, hardware, and bandwidth —
-in shared hands, that is in our own hands, that determines whether we
+information society—software, hardware, and bandwidth—in
+shared hands, that is in our own hands, that determines whether we
can succeed in carrying out the great 18th century dream, the one that
is found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution, the
one that says that human beings and human society are infinitely
@@ -1594,7 +1594,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/16 17:08:39 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/motif.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/motif.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/motif.nl-diff.html 21 May 2015 07:18:20 -0000 1.9
+++ po/motif.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.10
@@ -11,14 +11,23 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.77
--></em></ins></span>
-<title>The Motif License - GNU Project - Free Software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
-<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
-<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Motif License - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The Motif License</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
A couple of weeks ago, the Open Group changed the license of Motif,
@@ -27,7 +36,7 @@
looser definition of open source software.</p>
<p>
Their announcement says they have released Motif to “the open
-source community”, but this is true only in an unnatural
+source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>community”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>community,”</em></ins></span> but this is true
only in an unnatural
interpretation of the words. They have not made Motif available
within the free software community; instead, they have invited the
people in the free software community to leave the community by using
@@ -57,7 +66,7 @@
</li>
<li>The license is restricted to use on certain operating systems,
- those which fit a category they call “open source”.
+ those which fit a category they call “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span>
Both the free software movement and the open source camp
consider use restrictions unacceptable.
</li>
@@ -76,31 +85,24 @@
for. The facts of the situation are complex enough; confusing the
issue is not welcome.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 id="LaterNote">Later Note</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="LaterNote">Later</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="LaterNote"
class="footnote">Later</em></ins></span> Note</h3>
<p>
-<em>In 2012, <a href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/">
+<em>In 2012, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://motif.ics.com/"></em></ins></span>
Motif</a> was released under the GNU Lesser General Public
License, version 2.1.</em></p>
-</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above
--></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="unprintable">
-
-<p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</em></ins></span>
There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
-Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other
-corrections or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
sent</em></ins></span> to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.
-</p>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -111,46 +113,33 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+ README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2010
Free Software Foundation,
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.,</p>
-<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110,
USA</address></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1997, 1998, 1999,
2007, 2008, 2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1997-1999, 2013, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Updated:</strong></del></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-
-<p class="unprintable">Updated:</em></ins></span>
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/05/21 07:18:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002."
--></strong></del></span>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html 12 Feb 2016 10:11:08 -0000 1.4
+++ po/netscape-npl.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,26 +11,37 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Netscape Public License
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><title>Netscape</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>On the Netscape</em></ins></span> Public License
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>On the Netscape Public License</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
-<div class="announcement">
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<div <span class="removed"><del><strong>class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>
-(The <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html"> original
version</a>
+(The</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="infobox"
style="font-style: italic"><p>
+The</em></ins></span> <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
original version</a>
of this article was written in March 1998 about a draft of the NPL.
Our first article on the subject was
<a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape is considering making
-the Netscape browser free software</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+the Netscape browser free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software</a>.)</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
The Netscape Public License, or NPL, as it was ultimately designed in
@@ -99,7 +110,7 @@
software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not
try to use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless.
BSD is also non-copylefted free software (although the older BSD terms
-have a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/bsd.html">serious</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious</em></ins></span>
drawback</a> and should
+have a <a href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious drawback</a> and should
not be imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free
software, please use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software
is also <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">free software</a>
@@ -206,17 +217,18 @@
<p>
If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively)
proprietary modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered
-modifications is a small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
+modifications is <span class="removed"><del><strong>a</strong></del></span>
small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
practical considerations will encourage most of the proprietary
software world to release its changes back to Netscape, without being
compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in the free software
world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change is
acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software
developers with a serious dilemma.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -234,19 +246,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -261,22 +273,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003, 2007, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2013</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013, 2015</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003, 2007,
2013, 2015</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>1999,
2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/02/12 10:11:08 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html 12 Feb 2016 10:11:18 -0000 1.1
+++ po/netscape-npl.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,26 +11,37 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Netscape Public License
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><title>Netscape</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>On the Netscape</em></ins></span> Public License
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>On the Netscape Public License</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
-<div class="announcement">
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<div <span class="removed"><del><strong>class="announcement">
<blockquote><p>
-(The <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html"> original
version</a>
+(The</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="infobox"
style="font-style: italic"><p>
+The</em></ins></span> <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
original version</a>
of this article was written in March 1998 about a draft of the NPL.
Our first article on the subject was
<a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape is considering making
-the Netscape browser free software</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+the Netscape browser free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software</a>.)</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
The Netscape Public License, or NPL, as it was ultimately designed in
@@ -99,7 +110,7 @@
software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not
try to use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless.
BSD is also non-copylefted free software (although the older BSD terms
-have a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/bsd.html">serious</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious</em></ins></span>
drawback</a> and should
+have a <a href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious drawback</a> and should
not be imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free
software, please use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software
is also <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">free software</a>
@@ -206,17 +217,18 @@
<p>
If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively)
proprietary modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered
-modifications is a small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
+modifications is <span class="removed"><del><strong>a</strong></del></span>
small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
practical considerations will encourage most of the proprietary
software world to release its changes back to Netscape, without being
compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in the free software
world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change is
acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software
developers with a serious dilemma.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -234,19 +246,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -261,22 +273,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003, 2007, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2013</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013, 2015</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003, 2007,
2013, 2015</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>1999,
2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/02/12 10:11:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html 18 Dec 2020
18:30:03 -0000 1.38
+++ po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021
18:33:54 -0000 1.39
@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
-<p><strong>Programs and services are different kinds of entities. A
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>Programs and services are different kinds of entities. A
program is a work that you can execute; a service is an activity that
-you might interact with.</strong></p>
+you might interact with.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>For programs, we make a distinction between free and nonfree
(proprietary). More precisely, this distinction applies to a program
@@ -151,10 +160,11 @@
free software, and good to favor peer-to-peer communication over
server-based centralized communication, for activities that don't
inherently require a central hub.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -172,13 +182,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -199,7 +209,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012-2014, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -209,7 +219,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/18 18:30:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/new-monopoly.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/new-monopoly.fr-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:39 -0000 1.38
+++ po/new-monopoly.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.39
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
Companies that want monopoly powers to control public use of the
information we get from data bases are trying to pass a law this year
-in the U.S. — creating, for the first time, a private monopoly
+in the U.S.—creating, for the first time, a private monopoly
over repeating publicly known information. They are using the
“good bill, bad bill” method; the “bad” bill
is HR 354; the “good” bill is HR 1858.</p>
@@ -22,8 +30,8 @@
<p>
So a second legislator introduces a more cautious bill, more clearly
written, with some safeguards, avoiding some gross abuses, offering a
-smaller handout to a somewhat broader spectrum of special interests
-— and still diminishing the public treasury or the public's
+smaller handout to a somewhat broader spectrum of special
+interests—and still diminishing the public treasury or the public's
freedom.</p>
<p>
The second bill is typically praised for its “balanced”
@@ -40,8 +48,8 @@
effectively allow facts to become private property, simply through
their inclusion in an electronic data base. Even mentioning more than
a handful of the facts from any data base in a publication would be
-illegal, unless you could get them from some other source —
-often impossible, since in many cases there is no other ultimate
+illegal, unless you could get them from some other source—often
+impossible, since in many cases there is no other ultimate
source for a certain kind of fact.</p>
<p>
Consider for example the scores of professional sports games. The
@@ -74,14 +82,14 @@
court ruled against them. The court said that these page numbers
don't result from creativity, so they are not copyrightable. But they
are indubitably a data base, so HR 354 would prohibit anyone else from
-providing this data to the public — thus granting West a
+providing this data to the public—thus granting West a
permanent monopoly on the law itself.</p>
<p>
HR 354 would also interfere with scientific research, genealogical
research, publication of stock prices, and many other areas of life
and work. So it's no wonder that it has generated strong opposition.
The Supreme Court might reject the bill as unconstitutional, but no
-one wants to rely on this. Hence HR 1858 — this year's
+one wants to rely on this. Hence HR 1858—this year's
“good” bill.</p>
<p>
HR 1858 explicitly avoids most of the outrageous problems. It
@@ -101,11 +109,11 @@
by default, it doesn't exclude those made by or for state
governments; this is a substantial loophole in HR 1858.)</p>
<p>
-A wide range of organizations are supporting HR 1858 — including
+A wide range of organizations are supporting HR 1858—including
many universities and professional organizations. Some of the letters
of support show a clear desire for some kind of monopoly power.</p>
<p>
-HR 1858 is much less harmful than HR 354 — if we have to choose
+HR 1858 is much less harmful than HR 354—if we have to choose
between the two, we should prefer HR 1858. But should we have to
choose between a big loss of freedom and a smaller one?</p>
<p>
@@ -116,8 +124,8 @@
a general assumption that nobody will do anything without a monopoly
over the results.</p>
<p>
-Just a few years ago, people said the same thing about software
-— that nobody would write programs without having a monopoly on
+Just a few years ago, people said the same thing about software—that
+nobody would write programs without having a monopoly on
them. The Free Software movement has proved that this is not true,
and in the process, we have refuted that general assumption.
Selfishness is not the whole of human nature. One kind of
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@
But data bases are not software. Will anyone develop data bases
without a data base monopoly law?</p>
<p>
-We know they will — because they already do. Many electronic
+We know they will—because they already do. Many electronic
data bases are available now, and the number is increasing, not
decreasing. And many kinds of data base are byproducts or even
preconditions of other activities that people do for other
@@ -177,10 +185,10 @@
<a href="mailto:database-letters@gnu.org";><database-letters@gnu.org></a>
also.</p>
-<pre>
-Dear Representative So-and-so
-
-
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
+<p>
+Dear Representative So-and-so,
+</p><p>
Congress is considering laws to establish a new kind of monopoly on
electronic data bases. I am against the whole idea of this, because
it would restrict the freedom of computer users. Private interests
@@ -188,27 +196,28 @@
public knowledge. As a measure to promote business, this is
premature; the Internet is changing very fast, and passing any law
about this issue in 1999 would be foolish.
-
-<span class="gnun-split"></span>
+</p><p>
Multiple alternatives are being considered for this bill; HR 354 is
especially drastic and dangerous, while HR 1858 is less so. If you
have a chance to vote on the choice between them, please choose HR
1858. But when the data base monopoly bill ultimately comes up for a
vote, I ask you to vote against it, regardless of the details.
-
-
-Sincerely,
+</p><p>
+Sincerely,<br />
Jane Q. Public
-</pre>
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
<p>
There exists a <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906221815/http://www.senate.gov/senators/senator_by_state.cfm";>
list of senators</a> and a service to <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611003520/https://forms.house.gov/wyr/welcome.shtml";>
assist you in writing</a> to representative in the U.S. Congress
[archived].</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -226,13 +235,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -253,7 +262,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -263,7 +272,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:39 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/nit-india.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- po/nit-india.fr-en.html 10 Sep 2021 09:02:16 -0000 1.39
+++ po/nit-india.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.40
@@ -1116,8 +1116,8 @@
carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai.
</p>
-<p>Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia —
-Wikipedia. It's the largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now
+<p>Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia—Wikipedia.
+It's the largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now
has more than a hundred and sixty thousand entries. Which is far more
than any other encyclopedia has ever had. Like around twice. And this
has been done in just a few years; by the public.
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/10 09:02:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/nonfree-games.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nonfree-games.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/nonfree-games.fr-en.html 1 Jun 2020 11:29:24 -0000 1.38
+++ po/nonfree-games.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.39
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nonfree-games.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>A well known company, Valve, that distributes nonfree computer games
with Digital Restrictions Management, recently announced it would
@@ -39,7 +47,7 @@
<p>However, if you're going to use these games, you're better off using
them on GNU/Linux rather than on Microsoft Windows. At least you avoid
-<a href="http://upgradefromwindows8.org/";>the harm to your freedom that Windows
+<a href="https://www.fsf.org/windows";>the harm to your freedom that Windows
would do</a>.</p>
<p>Thus, in direct practical terms, this development can do both harm
@@ -59,14 +67,14 @@
not be gratis. It is feasible to develop free games commercially,
while respecting your freedom to change the software you use. Since
the art in the game is not software, it is not ethically imperative to
-make the art free — though free art is an additional
+make the art free—though free art is an additional
contribution. There is in fact free game software developed by
companies, as well as free games developed noncommercially by
volunteers. Crowdfunding development will only get easier.</p>
<p>But if we suppose that it is <em>not feasible</em> in the current
situation to develop a certain
-kind of free game — what would follow then? There's no good in
+kind of free game—what would follow then? There's no good in
writing it as a nonfree game. To have freedom in your computing,
requires rejecting nonfree software, pure and simple.
You as a freedom-lover won't use the nonfree game if it exists, so
@@ -77,21 +85,22 @@
GNU/Linux as support for our cause. Instead you could tell people
about the <a href="https://libregamewiki.org/Main_Page";>libre games
wiki</a> that attempts to catalog free
-games, <a href="http://forum.freegamedev.net/index.php";> the Free Game
+games, <a href="https://forum.freegamedev.net/index.php";> the Free Game
Dev Forum</a>, and the LibrePlanet Gaming
-Collective's <a
href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:LibrePlanet_Gaming_Collective";>
+Collective's <a
href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:LibrePlanet_Gaming_Collective";>
free gaming night.</a> </p>
-<h3>Notes</h3>
+<h3>Note</h3>
<p>
-<a
href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20191125215630/http://onpon4.github.io/articles/gaming-trap.html";>
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191125215630/http://onpon4.github.io/articles/gaming-trap.html";>
Watch out for
“nonfree game data” that actually contains software.</a></p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -109,13 +118,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -136,7 +145,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2021 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -146,7 +155,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/06/01 11:29:24 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- po/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html 8 Aug 2020 22:29:08 -0000 1.41
+++ po/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.42
@@ -1,39 +1,45 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Applying Copyleft To Non-Software Information
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nonsoftware-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Applying Copyleft To Non-Software Information</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://dsl.org/";><strong>Michael Stutz</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="http://dsl.org/";>Michael
Stutz</a></address>
<h3 id="what">First, what is Copyleft?</h3>
<p>
The entry for
-“<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>” in the
+“<a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>” in the
definitive hacker lexicon, the
<a href="http://www.jargon.net/jargonfile/c/copyleft.html";>Jargon
File</a>, reads:</p>
<blockquote><p>
- copyleft: /kop'ee-left/ [play on ‘copyright’] n. 1. The
- copyright notice (‘General Public License’) carried by
+ copyleft: /kop'ee-left/ [play on “copyright”] n. 1. The
+ copyright notice (“General Public License”) carried by
GNU EMACS and other Free Software Foundation software, granting
reuse and reproduction rights to all comers (but see also General
Public Virus). 2. By extension, any copyright notice intended to
achieve similar aims.
</p></blockquote>
-<p>The idea of <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
-originated with über-hacker <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>
+<p>The idea of <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+originated with über-hacker <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>
Richard Stallman</a> in 1983 when he started
the <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU Project</a>. In brief, his
goal was “to develop a complete free Unix-like operating
system.” As part of that goal, he invented and wrote
-the <a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>, a
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>, a
legal construct that included a copyright notice but added to it (or,
technically, removed certain restrictions), so its terms allowed for
the freedoms of reuse, modification and reproduction of a work or its
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@
well as prevents the use of the author's name as author of a distorted
version of the work; it also prevents intentional distortion of the
work by others and prevents destruction of the work. But it also
-carries other restrictions — such as restricting the
+carries other restrictions—such as restricting the
reproduction or modification of a work.</p>
<p>
@@ -61,17 +67,17 @@
<h3 id="why">Why is Copyleft important, or even necessary?</h3>
<p>
-Certain restrictions of copyright — such as distribution and
-modification — are not very useful to “cyberia,” the
+Certain restrictions of copyright—such as distribution and
+modification—are not very useful to “cyberia,” the
“free, apolitical, democratic community” that constitutes
the internetworked digital world.</p>
<p>
-With computers, perfect copies of a digital work can easily be made
-— and even modified, or further distributed — by others,
+With computers, perfect copies of a digital work can easily be
+made—and even modified, or further distributed—by others,
with no loss of the original work. As individuals interact in cyberia,
-sharing information — then reacting and building upon it —
-is not only natural, but this is the <em>only</em> way for individual
+sharing information—then reacting and building upon it—is
+not only natural, but this is the <em>only</em> way for individual
beings to thrive in a community. In essence, the idea of copyleft is
basic to the natural propagation of digital information among humans
in a society. This is why the regular notion of copyright does not
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@
<p>
It <em>is</em> good enough! The GNU GPL is not only a document of
significant historical and literary value, but it is in wide use today
-for countless software programs — those as formal part of the
+for countless software programs—those as formal part of the
GNU Project and otherwise. The GNU GPL originated for the specific
goal of sharing software among computer programmers. However, looking
closely at the GPL, it appears that the same License can be easily
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@
It's simple. While a particular situation may require or inspire its
own specific License, possibly similar to the GNU GPL, all that a
copyleft notice must really do is fulfill the points as defined above
-in “<a href="#what">First, what is Copyleft?</a>”. Using
+in “<a href="#what">First, what is Copyleft?</a>.” Using
the GNU GPL to copyleft your work is easy.</p>
<p>
@@ -121,14 +127,14 @@
which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may
be distributed under the terms of this General Public License,”
so this “Program,” then, may not necessarily be a computer
-software program — any work of any nature that can be
+software program—any work of any nature that can be
copyrighted can be copylefted with the GNU GPL.</p>
<p>
The GNU GPL references the “source code” of a work; this
“source code” will mean different things for different
-kinds of information, but the definition of “source code”
-— provided in the GNU GPL — holds true in any case:
+kinds of information, but the definition of “source
+code”—provided in the GNU GPL—holds true in any case:
“The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it.”</p>
@@ -143,15 +149,16 @@
included at the start of the “source code” of the work is
modified in language slightly:</p>
-<pre>
- <one line to give the work's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
+<p>
+ <one line to give the work's name and a brief idea of what it
does.><br />
Copyright (C) yyyy <name of author>
-
+</p><p>
This information is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
-
+</p><p>
This work is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
@@ -160,7 +167,8 @@
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
USA.
-</pre>
+</p>
+</blockquote>
<h3 id="where">Where do I go from here?</h3>
@@ -179,17 +187,18 @@
<p>Some of my own non-software copylefted works include texts
(literature, reviews, <a
href="http://dsl.org/cookbook/cookbook_toc.html";>technical</a>)
and music.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 id="fn">Footnote</h3>
-
+<h3 id="fn" class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">Before 2020, “free software” was confusingly
-referred to as “freely-redistributable”.</li>
+referred to as “freely-redistributable.”</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -207,7 +216,7 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -217,23 +226,6 @@
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>Copyright © 1997, 2020 Michael Stutz</p>
<p>
@@ -245,7 +237,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/08/08 22:29:08 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/opposing-drm.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/opposing-drm.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/opposing-drm.fr-en.html 28 Nov 2017 21:00:25 -0000 1.33
+++ po/opposing-drm.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/opposing-drm.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement<br />
<span style="font-size: .7em">(Or Digital Restrictions Management, as we now
call it)</span></h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
-</p>
-<p><em>First published by BusinessWeek Online.</em></p>
-
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>Join our campaign against DRM</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>In 1989, in a very different world, I wrote the first version of the GNU
General Public License, a license that gives computer users freedom. The
@@ -41,6 +42,11 @@
by their manufacturers before we buy them—they are designed to
restrict what we can use them to do.
</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary"><p>
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";>Join our campaign against DRM</a>.
+</p></div>
+
<p>
First, there was the TiVo. People may think of it as an appliance to
record TV programs, but it contains a real computer running a GNU/Linux
@@ -64,7 +70,7 @@
program can access it. If Disney distributes movies this way, you'll
be unable to exercise your legal rights of fair use and de minimis
use. If an application records your data this way, it will be the
-ultimate in vendor lock-in. This too destroys freedom No. 1 — if
+ultimate in vendor lock-in. This too destroys freedom No. 1; if
modified versions of a program cannot access the same data, you can't
really change the program to do what you wish. Something like
Palladium is planned for a coming version of Windows.
@@ -81,9 +87,9 @@
devices to be “robust”—meaning you cannot change
them. Its implementors will surely want to include GPL-covered
software, trampling freedom No. 1. This scheme should get
-“AACSed,” and a boycott of HD DVD and Blu-ray has already
-been announced
-(<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140217075603/http://bluraysucks.com/";>http://bluraysucks.com/
[archived]</a>).
+“AACSed,” and <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140217075603/http://bluraysucks.com/";>
+a boycott of HD DVD and Blu-ray has already been announced</a>.
</p>
<p>
Allowing a few businesses to organize a scheme to deny our freedoms for
@@ -127,9 +133,14 @@
Defending freedom means thwarting DRM.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<p>First published by <cite>BusinessWeek Online</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -147,13 +158,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -174,7 +185,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2006, 2017 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -184,10 +195,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/11/28 21:00:25 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/ough-interview.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ough-interview.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- po/ough-interview.fr-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:32 -0000 1.27
+++ po/ough-interview.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>An interview for OUGH!
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ough-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>An interview for OUGH!</h2>
-<p><em>This is a transcript of an interview with Richard
-Stallman conducted by Theodoros Papatheodorou [<a href="#f1">1</a>]
-in May, 2012.</em></p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>This is a transcript of an interview with Richard
+Stallman conducted by Theodoros Papatheodorou <a
href="#f1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>
+in May, 2012.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
<p>Richard Stallman, the free software activist and software
@@ -323,13 +332,13 @@
<dl>
<dt>You've often spoken against the use of the word
-“piracy”.</dt>
+“piracy.”</dt>
<dd>
<p>It's a smear term! They want to say that sharing is the moral
equivalent of attacking ships. I don't agree with that position, so I
-don't call sharing “piracy”. I call it
-“sharing”.</p>
+don't call sharing “piracy.” I call it
+“sharing.”</p>
<p>I am not against profit in general. I'm against mistreating people.
Any given way of doing business may or may not involve mistreating
@@ -535,7 +544,7 @@
<dl>
<dt>And by free of course, you don't just mean just
-“gratis”, you mean a lot more than that.</dt>
+“gratis,” you mean a lot more than that.</dt>
<dd>
<p>I mean “free” as in freedom.</p>
@@ -644,7 +653,7 @@
the users can't. They can only get a license to read the book under
Amazon's choice of conditions. Then there's the freedom to acquire the
book anonymously, which is basically impossible for most well-known
-books with the “Swindle”.</p>
+books with the “Swindle.”</p>
<p>They're only available from Amazon, and Amazon requires users to
identify themselves, as it doesn't allow any way to pay anonymously with
@@ -665,7 +674,7 @@
<dt>There was an Orwellian twist to the tale…</dt>
<dd>
-<p>Yes, because they deleted thousands of copies of “1984”.
+<p>Yes, because they deleted thousands of copies of “1984.”
That was in 2009. Those copies were authorized copies until the day
Amazon decided to delete them. After this, there was a lot of
criticism, and so Amazon promised it would never do this again unless
@@ -721,7 +730,7 @@
philosophy and avoid presenting the issue as a matter of justice versus
injustice.</p>
-<p>So that's the purpose of the term “open source”. It's to
+<p>So that's the purpose of the term “open source.” It's to
talk about more or less the same category of software but without
presenting it as an ethical issue. They don't say that if a program is
not open source then it's an injustice and you must try to escape from
@@ -999,17 +1008,19 @@
</dd>
</dl>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnote</h3>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
<ol>
<li id="f1">Theodoros Papatheodorou <<a
href="mailto:marinero@gmail.com";>marinero@gmail.com</a>> holds a PhD
in Computer Science, and is teaching at the Athens School of Fine Arts.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1027,13 +1038,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1054,7 +1065,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2019 Richard Stallman, Theodoros Papatheodorou</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2021 Richard Stallman, Theodoros Papatheodorou</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1064,10 +1075,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:32 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html 23 Mar 2019 20:00:28 -0000
1.33
+++ po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000
1.34
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="esays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Patent Reform Is Not Enough - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/patent-reform-is-not-enough.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Patent Reform Is Not Enough</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
When people first learn about the problem of software patents, their
@@ -100,13 +107,14 @@
There is a massive effort in Europe to stop software patents. Please
<!-- [Dead as of 2019-03-23] support <a
href="http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/";>this
petition</a> for a Europe free of software patents, and --> see <a
-href="http://www.ffii.org";> the FFII web site</a> for full details of
+href="https://ffii.org/";> the FFII web site</a> for full details of
how you can help.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -124,18 +132,34 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2008, 2019 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -145,10 +169,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/03/23 20:00:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/pirate-party.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pirate-party.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/pirate-party.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:30 -0000 1.32
+++ po/pirate-party.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pirate-party.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
Note: each Pirate Party has its own platform. They all call for
reducing copyright power, but the specifics vary. This issue may
not apply to the other parties' positions.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</div>
<p>The bullying of the copyright industry in Sweden inspired the
launch of the first political party whose platform is to reduce
@@ -63,12 +71,12 @@
the bad, but not the good. The difference between source code and
object code and the practice of using EULAs would give proprietary
software an effective exception from the general rule of 5-year
-copyright — one that free software does not share.</p>
+copyright—one that free software does not share.</p>
<p>We also use copyright to partially deflect the danger of software
-patents. We cannot make our programs safe from them — no
+patents. We cannot make our programs safe from them—no
program is ever safe from software patents in a country which allows
-them — but at least we prevent them from being used to make the
+them—but at least we prevent them from being used to make the
program effectively nonfree. The Swedish Pirate Party proposes to
abolish software patents, and if that is done, this issue would go
away. But until that is achieved, we must not lose our only defense
@@ -109,10 +117,11 @@
may be other solutions that would also do the job. One way or
another, the Pirate Party of Sweden should avoid placing a handicap on
a movement to defend the public from marauding giants.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -130,19 +139,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -157,20 +166,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2012, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:30 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:31 -0000 1.1
+++ po/plan-nine.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,47 +11,57 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.77
--></em></ins></span>
-<title>The Problems of the Plan 9 License
-- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Problems of the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>(Earlier)</em></ins></span> Plan 9 License
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox"></em></ins></span>
<p><em>Note:</em> This applies to the earlier license used
for Plan 9.
The current license of Plan 9 does qualify as free software (and also
as open source). So this article's specific example is of historical
relevance only. Nonetheless, the general point remains valid.</p>
-
-<hr />
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
<p>
When I saw the announcement that the Plan 9 software had been released
-as “open source”, I wondered whether it might be free
+as “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> I wondered whether
it might be free
software as well. After studying the license, my conclusion was that
it is not free; the license contains several restrictions that are
totally unacceptable for the Free Software Movement. (See
-<a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p>
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
I am not a supporter of the Open Source Movement, but I was glad when
one of their leaders told me they don't consider the license
acceptable either. When the developers of Plan 9 describe it as
-“open source”, they are altering the meaning of that term
+“open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> they are altering
the meaning of that term
and thus spreading confusion. (The term “open source” is
widely misunderstood;
-see <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p>
+see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Here is a list of the problems that I found in the Plan 9 license.
Some provisions restrict the Plan 9 software so that it is clearly
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free;</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree;</em></ins></span> others are just
extremely obnoxious.</p>
+nonfree; others are just extremely obnoxious.</p>
<p>
-First, here are the provisions that make the software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</p></em></ins></span>
+First, here are the provisions that make the software nonfree.</p>
<p>
<strong>
You agree to provide the Original Contributor, at its request, with a
@@ -154,26 +164,18 @@
unlimited rights to use your changes. While this does not by itself
disqualify the license as a free software license (if the other
problems were corrected), it is unfortunate.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="unprintable">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</em></ins></span>
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
-Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
-to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.
-</p>
-
-<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -184,47 +186,26 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+ README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
-of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright © 2000 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-
-<p>Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:31 $
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p></em></ins></span>
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- <span class="removed"><del><strong>All</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Regarding copyright, in general,
standalone</em></ins></span> pages <span class="inserted"><ins><em>(as opposed
to
- files generated as part of manuals)</em></ins></span> on the GNU web
server should <span class="removed"><del><strong>have the section about
-->
-<!-- verbatim copying.</strong></del></span>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em>be under CC BY-ND 3.0
US.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT <span class="inserted"><ins><em>change
or</em></ins></span> remove this
- without talking <span class="removed"><del><strong>-->
-<!--</strong></del></span> with the webmasters <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>or licensing team</em></ins></span> first. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>-->
-<!--</strong></del></span>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em>document. For web pages, it is ok to
list just the latest year the</em></ins></span>
- document <span class="removed"><del><strong>-->
-<!-- and</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>was
modified, or published.
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
- If you wish to list earlier years,</em></ins></span> that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it</strong></del></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>like this</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ok too.
- Either</em></ins></span> "2001, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2002"
not this "2001-2002."</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
@@ -232,21 +213,23 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2000 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2000, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:31 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
-</div></em></ins></span>
</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.ar-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.bg-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html 30 May 2021 19:03:22 -0000 1.2
+++ po/pragmatic.ca-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:22 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/pragmatic.de-diff.html 30 Apr 2021 11:18:36 -0000 1.2
+++ po/pragmatic.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/30 11:18:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.el-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.el-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.3
+++ po/pragmatic.hr-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.it-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.it-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html 31 May 2021 16:30:40 -0000 1.7
+++ po/pragmatic.ko-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.8
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 16:30:40 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.lt-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.6
+++ po/pragmatic.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.7
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html 31 May 2021 09:06:21 -0000 1.2
+++ po/pragmatic.ro-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:21 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:03 -0000 1.1
+++ po/pragmatic.uk-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>
Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
and thus make our society better.</p>
<p>
That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
-the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
All code added to a GPL-covered program
must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
@@ -164,15 +172,17 @@
“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -190,19 +200,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -217,22 +227,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2003</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2003, 2020</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:03 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- po/public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html 1 Jul 2020 16:32:18 -0000
1.34
+++ po/public-domain-manifesto.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000
1.35
@@ -1,16 +1,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="canonical"
href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/public-domain-manifesto"; />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/public-domain-manifesto.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
-<p>The Public Domain Manifesto
-(<a
href="https://publicdomainmanifesto.org/manifesto/";>https://publicdomainmanifesto.org/manifesto/</a>)
+<p>The <a
+href="https://publicdomainmanifesto.org/manifesto/";>Public Domain Manifesto</a>
has its heart in the right place as it objects to some of the unjust
extensions of copyright power, so I wish I could support it. However,
it falls far short of what is needed.</p>
@@ -18,15 +26,16 @@
<p>Some flaws are at the level of implicit assumptions. The manifesto
frequently uses <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">propaganda
terms</a> of the copyright industry, such as
-<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">“copyright
-protection”</a>. These terms were chosen to lead people to
+“<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">copyright
+protection</a>.” These terms were chosen to lead people to
sympathize with the copyright industry and its demands for power.</p>
<p>The manifesto and its signatories use the term “intellectual
-property”, which confuses the issue of copyright by lumping it
+property,” which confuses the issue of copyright by lumping it
together with a dozen other laws that have nothing significant in
common.
-(See <a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>
+(See “<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Did You Say
+‘Intellectual Property’? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>”
for more explanation about this point.) Ironically it uses the term
first in a sentence which points out that this manifesto is concerned
only with copyright law, not with those other laws. That is with good
@@ -37,10 +46,11 @@
<p>General Principle 2 repeats the common error that copyright should
balance the public interest with “protecting and rewarding the
-author”. This error interferes with proper judgment of any
+author.” This error interferes with proper judgment of any
copyright policy question, since that should be based on the public
-interest.
-<a
href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html</a>
+interest. “<a
+href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Misinterpreting
+Copyright—A Series of Errors</a>”
explains this error and how to avoid it.</p>
<p>It would be difficult to stand aside from a campaign for the right
@@ -69,8 +79,8 @@
calls for allowing “personal copying” of copyrighted
works. Since it omits the issue of the freedom to share copies of
published works with others, it fails to address the nastiest aspect
-of copyright: the
-vicious <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/war-on-sharing-riaa-lawsuits";>War
+of copyright: the vicious <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/war-on-sharing-riaa-lawsuits";>War
on Sharing</a> that the entertainment companies are now waging.</p>
<p>The demands and recommendations of the Public Domain Manifesto
@@ -86,12 +96,13 @@
<p>I ask the authors of the Public Domain Manifesto, and the public,
to please join me in demanding the freedom to noncommercially share
copies of all published works. Also please
-join <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>
+join <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";>Defective by Design</a>
and help our fight against DRM wherever it may be found.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -109,13 +120,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -136,7 +147,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2015, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -146,10 +157,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 16:32:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html 18 Nov 2016 07:33:01 -0000
1.35
+++ po/reevaluating-copyright.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000
1.36
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</h2>
-<pre>
- Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail
- [Published in Oregon Law Review, Spring 1996]
-
- Richard Stallman
-</pre>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a> <a href="#ft1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></address>
<p>The legal world is aware that digital information technology poses
“problems for copyright,” but has not traced these
@@ -20,12 +23,12 @@
publishers, understanding their own interest, have set forth a
proposal through the Clinton Administration to fix the
“problems” by deciding the conflict in their favor. This
-proposal, the Lehman White Paper <a href="#ft2">[2]</a>, was the
-principal focus of the “Innovation and the Information
-Environment” conference at the University of Oregon (November
+proposal, the Lehman White Paper,<a href="#ft2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> was the
+principal focus of the <cite>Innovation and the Information
+Environment</cite> conference at the University of Oregon (November
1995).</p>
-<p>John Perry Barlow <a href="#ft3">[3]</a>, the keynote speaker,
+<p>John Perry Barlow,<a href="#ft3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> the keynote speaker,
began the conference by telling us how the Greatful Dead recognized
and dealt with this conflict. They decided it would be wrong to
interfere with copying of their performances on tapes, or with
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@
copyright for CD recordings of their music.</p>
<p>Barlow did not analyze the reasons for treating these media
-differently, and later Gary Glisson <a href="#ft4">[4]</a> criticized
+differently, and later Gary Glisson <a href="#ft4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>
criticized
Barlow's idea that the Internet is inexplicably unique and unlike
anything else in the world. He argued that we should be able to
determine the implications of the Internet for copyright policy by the
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@
<p>Barlow suggested that our intuitions based on physical objects as
property do not transfer to information as property because
information is “abstract.” As Steven
-Winter <a href="#ft5">[5]</a> remarked, abstract property has existed
+Winter <a href="#ft5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> remarked, abstract property
has existed
for centuries. Shares in a company, commodity futures, and even paper
money, are forms of property that are more or less abstract. Barlow
and others who argue that information should be free do not reject
@@ -71,8 +74,8 @@
decisions</a> by analogy to physical object property, or even to older
intellectual property policies, is a mistake. Winter argued
persuasively that it is possible to make such analogies, to stretch
-our old concepts and apply them to new decisions <a href=
-"#ft6">[6]</a>. Surely this will reach some answer—but not a
+our old concepts and apply them to new decisions.<a href=
+"#ft6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Surely this will reach some answer—but not a
good answer. Analogy is not a useful way of deciding what to buy or at
what price.</p>
@@ -89,7 +92,7 @@
<p>This also shows why Laurence Tribe's principle, that rights
concerning speech should not depend on the choice of
-medium<a href="#ft7">[7]</a>, is not applicable to copyright
+medium,<a href="#ft7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> is not applicable to copyright
decisions. Copyright is a bargain with the public, not a natural
right. Copyright policy issues are about which bargains benefit the
public, not about what rights publishers or readers are entitled
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@
of collective responsibility, whereby a computer owner is required to
monitor and control the activities of all users, on pain of being
punished for actions in which he was not a participant but merely
-failed to actively prevent. Tim Sloan <a href="#ft8">[8]</a> pointed
+failed to actively prevent. Tim Sloan <a href="#ft8"><sup>[8]</sup></a>
pointed
out that this gives copyright owners a privileged status not accorded
to anyone else who might claim to be damaged by a computer user; for
example, no one proposes to punish the computer owner if he fails
@@ -221,16 +224,16 @@
<p>When the United States Constitution was drafted, the idea that
authors were entitled to a copyright monopoly was proposed—and
-rejected <a href="#ft9">[9]</a>. Instead, the founders of our country
+rejected.<a href="#ft9"><sup>[9]</sup></a> Instead, the founders of our country
adopted a different idea of copyright, one which places the public
-first <a href="#ft10">[10]</a>. Copyright in the United States is
+first.<a href="#ft10"><sup>[10]</sup></a> Copyright in the United States is
supposed to exist for the sake of users; benefits for publishers and
even for authors are not given for the sake of those parties, but only
as an inducement to change their behavior. As the Supreme Court said
-in Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal: “The sole interest of the United
+in <cite>Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal</cite>: “The sole interest of the United
States and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly
lie in the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of
-authors.” <a href="#ft11">[11]</a></p>
+authors.”<a href="#ft11"><sup>[11]</sup></a></p>
<p>Under the Constitution's view of copyright, if the public prefers
to be able to make copies in certain cases even if that means somewhat
@@ -250,12 +253,12 @@
<p>This error is so ingrained today that people who oppose new
copyright powers feel the need to do so by arguing that even authors
and publishers may be hurt by them. Thus, James
-Boyle <a href="#ft12">[12]</a> explains how a
+Boyle <a href="#ft12"><sup>[12]</sup></a> explains how a
strict <a href="#later-2">intellectual property system</a> can
interfere with writing new works. Jessica
-Litman <a href="#ft13">[13]</a> cites the copyright shelters which
+Litman <a href="#ft13"><sup>[13]</sup></a> cites the copyright shelters
which
historically allowed many new media to become popular. Pamela
-Samuelson <a href="#ft14">[14]</a> warns that the White Paper may
+Samuelson <a href="#ft14"><sup>[14]</sup></a> warns that the White
Paper may
block the development of “third-wave” information
industries by locking the world into the “second-wave”
economic model that fit the age of the printing press.</p>
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@
to oppose the White Paper, for the sake of authors, libraries,
education, poor Americans, technological progress, economic
flexibility, and privacy concerns—all valid arguments, but
-concerned with side issues <a href="#ft15">[15]</a>. Conspicuously
+concerned with side issues.<a href="#ft15"><sup>[15]</sup></a> Conspicuously
absent from the list is the most important reason of all: that many
Americans (perhaps most) want to continue making copies. The DFC fails
to criticize the core goal of the White Paper, which is to give more
@@ -292,94 +295,103 @@
opportunity for the open flow of information can we ensure that the
public prevails.</p>
-<h3>ENDNOTES</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Later Notes</h3>
-<p id="ft2">[2] Informational Infrastructure Task
+<p id="later-1"><em>Intellectual property:</em>
+This article was part of the
+path that led me to recognize the <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
+bias and confusion in the term “intellectual
+property”</a>. Today I believe that term should never be used
+under any circumstances.</p>
+
+<p id="later-2"><em>Intellectual property system:</em>
+Here I fell into the
+fashionable error of writing “intellectual property” when
+what I meant was just “copyright.” This is like writing
+“Europe” when you mean “France”—it
+causes confusion that is easy to avoid.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">Published in <cite>Oregon Law Review</cite>, Spring 1996.</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">Informational Infrastructure Task
Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information
-Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual
-Property Rights (1995).</p>
+Infrastructure: <cite>The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual
+Property Rights</cite> (1995).</li>
-<p id="ft3">[3] John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the
-Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+<li id="ft3">John Perry Barlow, Remarks at the
+<cite>Innovation and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov.
1995). Mr. Barlow is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, an organization which promotes freedom of expression in
digital media, and is also a former lyricist for the Grateful
-Dead.</p>
+Dead.</li>
-<p id="ft4">[4] Gary Glisson, Remarks at the
-Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995);
+<li id="ft4">Gary Glisson, Remarks at the
+<cite>Innovation and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov.
1995);
see also Gary Glisson, A Practitioner's Defense of the NII White
Paper, 75 Or. L. Rev. (1996) (supporting the White Paper).
Mr. Glisson is a partner and chair of the Intellectual Property Group
-at Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon.</p>
+at Lane Powell Spears Lubersky in Portland, Oregon.</li>
-<p id="ft5">[5] Steven Winter, Remarks at the
-Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+<li id="ft5">Steven Winter, Remarks at the
+<cite>Innovation and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov.
1995). Mr. Winter is a professor at the University of Miami School of
-Law.</p>
+Law.</li>
-<p id="ft6">[6] Winter, supra note 5.</p>
+<li id="ft6">Winter, supra note 5.</li>
-<p id="ft7">[7] See Laurence H. Tribe, The
+<li id="ft7">See Laurence H. Tribe, “The
Constitution in Cyberspace: Law and Liberty Beyond the Electronic
-Frontier, Humanist, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15.</p>
+Frontier,” <cite>Humanist</cite>, Sept.-Oct. 1991, at 15.</li>
-<p id="ft8">[8] Tim Sloan, Remarks at the Innovation
-and the Information Environment Conference (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is
+<li id="ft8">Tim Sloan, Remarks at the <cite>Innovation
+and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov. 1995). Mr. Sloan is
a member of the National Telecommunication and Information
-Administration.</p>
+Administration.</li>
-<p id="ft9">[9] See Jane C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two
-Copyrights: Liberary Property in Revolutionary France and America, in,
-Of Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law 131, 137-38 (Brad
-Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994) (stating that the
+<li id="ft9">See Jane C. Ginsburg, “A Tale of Two
+Copyrights: Literary Property in Revolutionary France and America,” in
+<cite>Of Authors and Origins: Essays on Copyright Law</cite> 131, 137-38 (Brad
+Sherman & Alain Strowel, eds., 1994), stating that the
Constitution's framers either meant to “subordinate[] the
author's interests to the public benefit,” or to “treat
-the private and public interests…even-handedly.”).</p>
+the private and public interests … even-handedly.”</li>
-<p id="ft10">[10] U.S. Const., art. I, p. 8, cl. 8
+<li id="ft10"><cite>U.S. Const.</cite>, art. I, p. 8, cl. 8
(“Congress shall have Power…to promote the Progress of
Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and
Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
-Discoveries.”).</p>
+Discoveries.”)</li>
-<p id="ft11">[11] 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932).</p>
+<li id="ft11"><cite>286 U.S. 123</cite>, 127 (1932).</li>
-<p id="ft12">[12] James Boyle, Remarks at the
-Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+<li id="ft12">James Boyle, Remarks at the
+<cite>Innovation and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov.
1995). Mr. Boyle is a Professor of Law at American University in
-Washington, D.C.</p>
+Washington, D.C.</li>
-<p id="ft13">[13] Jessica Litman, Remarks at the
-Innovation and the Information Environment Conference (Nov.
+<li id="ft13">Jessica Litman, Remarks at the
+<cite>Innovation and the Information Environment Conference</cite> (Nov.
1995). Ms. Litman is a Professor at Wayne State University Law School
-in Detroit, Michigan.</p>
-
-<p id="ft14">[14] Pamela Samuelson, The Copyright
-Grab, Wired, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson is a Professor at Cornell Law
-School.</p>
-
-<p id="ft15">[15] Digital Future Coalition,
-Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over Intellectual Property
-Proposals, Nov. 15, 1995<!-- (available at URL:
-<a
href="http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html";>http://home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)-->.</p>
+in Detroit, Michigan.</li>
-<h3>LATER NOTES</h3>
-
-<p id="later-1">[1] This article was part of the
-path that led me to recognize the <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
-bias and confusion in the term “intellectual
-property”</a>. Today I believe that term should never be used
-under any circumstances.</p>
+<li id="ft14">Pamela Samuelson, “The Copyright
+Grab,” <cite>Wired</cite>, Jan. 1996. Ms. Samuelson is a Professor at
Cornell Law
+School.</li>
+
+<li id="ft15">Digital Future Coalition,
+“Broad-Based Coalition Expresses Concern Over Intellectual Property
+Proposals,” Nov. 15, 1995<!-- (available at URL:
+home.worldweb.net/dfc/press.html</a>)-->.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
-<p id="later-2">[2] Here I fell into the
-fashionable error of writing “intellectual property” when
-what I meant was just “copyright”. This is like writing
-“Europe” when you mean “France”—it
-causes confusion that is easy to avoid.</p>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -397,16 +409,33 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1999, 2016 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -416,10 +445,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/11/18 07:33:01 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/reevaluating-copyright.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/reevaluating-copyright.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.43
retrieving revision 1.44
diff -u -b -r1.43 -r1.44
--- po/reevaluating-copyright.fr.po 19 Sep 2021 17:59:51 -0000 1.43
+++ po/reevaluating-copyright.fr.po 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.44
@@ -878,4 +878,4 @@
#. timestamp start
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
-msgstr "Dernière mise à jourâ¯:"
+msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
Index: po/rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html 3 Aug 2019 15:58:32 -0000
1.32
+++ po/rms-comment-longs-article.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000
1.33
@@ -1,31 +1,34 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Comments on Roderick Long's Article
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-comment-longs-article.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Comments on Roderick Long's Article</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote><p>
-Roderick Long's article can be found
-<a href="http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html";>at this address</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="introduction"><p>
The ideas of the free software movement are compatible with
-social-democratic (US liberal) views and with laissez-faire (US
-libertarian) views.
-</p></blockquote>
+social-democratic (US liberal) views and with laissez-faire (<a
+href="http://freenation.org/a/f31l1.html";>US libertarian</a>) views.
+</p></div>
<p>Free software is a matter of freedom. From our point of view,
-precisely which legal mechanism<sup><a href="#footnote">*</a></sup>
+precisely which legal mechanism<sup><a href="#ft2">[*]</a></sup>
is used to deny software users their
freedom is just an implementation detail. Whether it is done with
copyright, with contracts, or in some other way, it is wrong to deny
the public the freedoms necessary to form a community and cooperate.
-This is why it is inaccurate to understand the Free Software Movement
+This is why it is inaccurate to understand the free software movement
as specifically a matter of opposition to copyright on software. It
is both more and less than that.</p>
@@ -38,13 +41,17 @@
refutation. It shows that even if you adore property rights for
physical objects, you are not compelled to accept copyright.</p>
-<p><sup id="footnote">* = Or technical mechanism, such as withholding the
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p id="ft2">[*] … or technical mechanism, such as withholding the
source code, or
-<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">tivoization</a>.</sup></p>
+<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">tivoization</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -62,13 +69,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -89,8 +96,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2015, 2019
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2000, 2015, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -100,10 +106,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/08/03 15:58:32 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html 22 Nov 2016 20:57:56 -0000
1.5
+++ po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000
1.6
@@ -1,23 +1,33 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation</h2>
-<blockquote><p>Transcript of
-Richard M. Stallman's speech,
-“Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation”,
-given at New York University in New York, NY,
-on 29 May 2001</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>A <a href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">plain
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript of a speech that was given at New York University in
+New York, NY, on 29 May 2001.</p>
+
+<p>A <a href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">plain
text</a> version of this transcript and
a <a href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt">summary</a> of the speech
-are also available.</p></blockquote>
+are also available.</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p><strong>URETSKY</strong>: I'm Mike Uretsky. I'm over at the Stern
School of Business. I'm also one of the Co-Directors of the Center
@@ -31,10 +41,10 @@
have particularly interesting discussions. And this particular
presentation, this seminar falls right into that mold. I find the
discussion of open source particularly interesting. In a sense
-… <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+… <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I do free software. Open source is a
-different movement. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i></p>
+different movement. <span>[Laughter] [Applause]</span></p>
<p><strong>URETSKY</strong>: When I first started in the field in the
'60's, basically software was free. And we went in cycles. It became
@@ -59,7 +69,7 @@
aspect of public presentations, but in this case, actually, they serve
a useful purpose, as Mike easily demonstrated, because an introducer
for instance, told him, by making inaccurate comments, can allow him
-to straighten out and correct and <i>[Laughter]</i> sharpen
+to straighten out and correct and <span>[Laughter]</span> sharpen
considerably the parameters of the debate.</p>
<p>So, let me make the briefest possible introduction to somebody who
@@ -69,13 +79,13 @@
years ago. He has developed a coherent philosophy that has forced all
of us to re-examine our ideas of how software is produced, of what
intellectual property means, and what the software community actually
-represents. Let me welcome Richard Stallman. <i>[Applause]</i></p>
+represents. Let me welcome Richard Stallman. <span>[Applause]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can someone lend me a
-watch? <i>[Laughter]</i> Thank you. So, I'd like to thank Microsoft
-for providing me the opportunity to <i>[Laughter]</i> be on this
+watch? <span>[Laughter]</span> Thank you. So, I'd like to thank Microsoft
+for providing me the opportunity to <span>[Laughter]</span> be on this
platform. For the past few weeks, I have felt like an author whose
-book was fortuitously banned somewhere. <i>[Laughter]</i> Except that
+book was fortuitously banned somewhere. <span>[Laughter]</span> Except that
all the articles about it are giving the wrong author's name, because
Microsoft describes the GNU GPL as an open source license, and most of
the press coverage followed suit. Most people, of course just
@@ -93,12 +103,12 @@
you cook. And if you cook, unless you're really great, you probably
use recipes. And, if you use recipes, you've probably had the
experience of getting a copy of a recipe from a friend who's sharing
-it. And you've probably also had the experience — unless you're
-a total neophyte — of changing a recipe. You know, it says
+it. And you've probably also had the experience—unless you're
+a total neophyte—of changing a recipe. You know, it says
certain things, but you don't have to do exactly that. You can leave
out some ingredients. Add some mushrooms, 'cause you like mushrooms.
Put in less salt because your doctor said you should cut down on salt
-— whatever. You can even make bigger changes according to your
+salt—whatever. You can even make bigger changes according to your
skill. And if you've made changes in a recipe, and you cook it for
your friends, and they like it, one of your friends might say,
“Hey, could I have the recipe?” And then, what do you do?
@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@
<p>Now a recipe is a lot like a computer program. A computer
program's a lot like a recipe: a series of steps to be carried out to
get some result that you want. So it's just as natural to do those
-same things with computer programs — hand a copy to your friend.
+same things with computer programs—hand a copy to your friend.
Make changes in it because the job it was written to do isn't exactly
what you want. It did a great job for somebody else, but your job is
a different job. And after you've changed it, that's likely to be
@@ -146,12 +156,12 @@
<p>But then our community was destroyed by a series of calamities that
happened to it. Ultimately it was wiped out. Ultimately, the PDP-10
computer which we used for all our work was discontinued. And you
-know, our system — the Incompatible Timesharing System —
-was written starting in the '60's, so it was written in assembler
+know, our system—the Incompatible Timesharing System—was
+written starting in the '60's, so it was written in assembler
language. That's what you used to write an operating system in the
'60's. So, of course, assembler language is for one particular
computer architecture; if that gets discontinued, all your work turns
-into dust — it's useless. And that's what happened to us. The
+into dust—it's useless. And that's what happened to us. The
20 years or so of work of our community turned into dust.</p>
<p>But before this happened, I had an experience that prepared me,
@@ -179,18 +189,18 @@
that ran that printer was not free software. It had come with the
printer, and it was just a binary. We couldn't have the source code;
Xerox wouldn't let us have the source code. So, despite our skill as
-programmers — after all, we had written our own timesharing
-system — we were completely helpless to add this feature to the
+programmers—after all, we had written our own timesharing
+system—we were completely helpless to add this feature to the
printer software.</p>
<p>And we just had to suffer with waiting. It would take an hour or
two to get your printout because the machine would be jammed most of
-the time. And only once in a while — you'd wait an hour
+the time. And only once in a while—you'd wait an hour
figuring “I know it's going to be jammed. I'll wait an hour and
go collect my printout,” and then you'd see that it had been
jammed the whole time, and in fact, nobody else had fixed it. So
you'd fix it and you'd go wait another half hour. Then, you'd come
-back, and you'd see it jammed again — before it got to your
+back, and you'd see it jammed again—before it got to your
output. It would print three minutes and be jammed thirty minutes.
Frustration up the whazzoo. But the thing that made it worse was
knowing that we could have fixed it, but somebody else, for his own
@@ -201,37 +211,37 @@
copy of that software. So I was visiting there later, so I went to
his office and I said, “Hi, I'm from MIT. Could I have a copy of
the printer source code?” And he said “No, I promised not
-to give you a copy.” <i>[Laughter]</i> I was stunned. I was so
-— I was angry, and I had no idea how I could do justice to it.
+to give you a copy.” <span>[Laughter]</span> I was stunned. I was
+so… I was angry, and I had no idea how I could do justice to it.
All I could think of was to turn around on my heel and walk out of his
-room. Maybe I slammed the door. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I thought
+room. Maybe I slammed the door. <span>[Laughter]</span> And I thought
about it later on, because I realized that I was seeing not just an
isolated jerk, but a social phenomenon that was important and affected
a lot of people.</p>
-<p>This was — for me — I was lucky, I only got a taste of
+<p>This was—for me—I was lucky, I only got a taste of
it, but other people had to live in this all the time. So I thought
about it at length. See, he had promised to refuse to cooperate with
-us — his colleagues at MIT. He had betrayed us. But he didn't
-just do it to us. Chances are he did it to you too. <i>[Pointing at
-member of audience.]</i> And I think, mostly likely, he did it to you
-too. <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.] [Laughter]</i> And
-he probably did it to you as well. <i>[Pointing to third member of
-audience.]</i> He probably did it to most of the people here in this
-room — except a few, maybe, who weren't born yet in 1980.
+us—his colleagues at MIT. He had betrayed us. But he didn't
+just do it to us. Chances are he did it to you too. <span>[Pointing at
+member of audience.]</span> And I think, mostly likely, he did it to you
+too. <span>[Pointing at another member of audience.] [Laughter]</span> And
+he probably did it to you as well. <span>[Pointing to third member of
+audience.]</span> He probably did it to most of the people here in this
+room—except a few, maybe, who weren't born yet in 1980.
Because he had promised to refuse to cooperate with just about the
entire population of the Planet Earth. He had signed a non-disclosure
agreement.</p>
<p>Now, this was my first, direct encounter with a non-disclosure
-agreement, and it taught me an important lesson — a lesson
+agreement, and it taught me an important lesson—a lesson
that's important because most programmers never learn it. You see,
this was my first encounter with a non-disclosure agreement, and I was
the victim. I, and my whole lab, were the victims. And the lesson it
taught me was that non-disclosure agreements have victims. They're
not innocent. They're not harmless. Most programmers first encounter
a non-disclosure agreement when they're invited to sign one. And
-there's always some temptation — some goody they're going to get
+there's always some temptation—some goody they're going to get
if they sign. So, they make up excuses. They say, “Well, he's
never going to get a copy no matter what, so why shouldn't I join the
conspiracy to deprive him?” They say, “This is the way
@@ -246,7 +256,7 @@
somebody else who had never done me any harm. You know, if somebody
asked me to promise not to share some useful information with a hated
enemy, I would have said yes. You know? If somebody's done something
-bad, he deserves it. But, strangers — they haven't done me any
+bad, he deserves it. But, strangers—they haven't done me any
harm. How could they deserve that kind of mistreatment? You can't
let yourself start treating just anybody and everybody badly. Then
you become a predator on society. So I said, “Thank you very
@@ -259,23 +269,23 @@
<p>Now there are other kinds of information which raise different
ethical issues. For instance, there's personal information. You
know, if you wanted to talk with me about what was happening between
-you and your boyfriend, and you asked me not to tell anybody —
-you know, I could keep — I could agree to keep that a secret for
+you and your boyfriend, and you asked me not to tell anybody—you
+know, I could keep—I could agree to keep that a secret for
you, because that's not generally useful technical information. At
-least, it's probably not generally useful. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+least, it's probably not generally useful. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
-<p>There is a small chance — and it's a possibility though
-— that you might reveal to me some marvelous new sex
-technique, <i>[Laughter]</i> and I would then feel a moral
-duty <i>[Laughter]</i> to pass it onto the rest of humanity, so that
+<p>There is a small chance—and it's a possibility
+though—that you might reveal to me some marvelous new sex
+technique, <span>[Laughter]</span> and I would then feel a moral
+duty <span>[Laughter]</span> to pass it onto the rest of humanity, so that
everyone could get the benefit of it. So, I'd have to put a proviso
in that promise, you know? If it's just details about who wants this,
-and who's angry at whom, and things like that — soap opera
-— that I can keep private for you, but something that humanity
+and who's angry at whom, and things like that—soap opera—that
+I can keep private for you, but something that humanity
could tremendously benefit from knowing, I mustn't withhold. You see,
the purpose of science and technology is to develop useful information
for humanity to help people live their lives better. If we promise to
-withhold that information — if we keep it secret — then we
+withhold that information—if we keep it secret—then we
are betraying the mission of our field. And this, I decided I
shouldn't do.</p>
@@ -293,27 +303,27 @@
up those principles and start signing non-disclosure agreements for
proprietary operating systems, and most likely writing proprietary
software as well. But I realized that that way I could have fun
-coding, and I could make money — especially if I did it other
-than at MIT — but at the end, I'd have to look back at my career
+coding, and I could make money—especially if I did it other
+than at MIT—but at the end, I'd have to look back at my career
and say, “I've spent my life building walls to divide
people,” and I would have been ashamed of my life.</p>
<p>So I looked for another alternative, and there was an obvious one.
I could leave the software field and do something else. Now I had no
other special noteworthy skills, but I'm sure I could have become a
-waiter. <i>[Laughter]</i> Not at a fancy restaurant; they wouldn't
-hire me, <i>[Laughter]</i> but I could be a waiter somewhere. And
+waiter. <span>[Laughter]</span> Not at a fancy restaurant; they wouldn't
+hire me, <span>[Laughter]</span> but I could be a waiter somewhere. And
many programmers, they say to me, “The people who hire
programmers demand this, this and this. If I don't do those things,
I'll starve.” It's literally the word they use. Well, you know,
-as a waiter, you're not going to starve. <i>[Laughter]</i> So,
-really, they're in no danger. But — and this is important, you
-see — because sometimes you can justify doing something that
+as a waiter, you're not going to starve. <span>[Laughter]</span> So,
+really, they're in no danger. But—and this is important, you
+see—because sometimes you can justify doing something that
hurts other people by saying otherwise something worse is going to
happen to me. You know, if you were <em>really</em> going to starve,
-you'd be justified in writing proprietary software. <i>[Laughter]</i>
+you'd be justified in writing proprietary software. <span>[Laughter]</span>
If somebody's pointing a gun at you, then I would say, it's
-forgivable. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, I had found a way that I could
+forgivable. <span>[Laughter]</span> But, I had found a way that I could
survive without doing something unethical, so that excuse was not
available. So I realized, though, that being a waiter would be no fun
for me, and it would be wasting my skills as an operating system
@@ -330,11 +340,11 @@
the dilemma, existed for me and for everyone else because all of the
available operating systems for modern computers were proprietary.
The free operating systems were for old, obsolete computers, right?
-So for the modern computers — if you wanted to get a modern
+So for the modern computers—if you wanted to get a modern
computer and use it, you were forced into a proprietary operating
system. So if an operating system developer wrote another operating
system, and then said, “Everybody come and share this; you're
-welcome to this” — that would give everybody a way out of
+welcome to this”—that would give everybody a way out of
the dilemma, another alternative. So I realized that there was
something I could do that would solve the problem. I had just the
right skills to be able to do it. And it was the most useful thing I
@@ -343,7 +353,7 @@
of sitting there, getting worse, and nobody was there but me. So I
felt, “I'm elected. I have to work on this. If not me,
who?” So I decided I would develop a free operating system, or
-die trying … of old age, of course. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+die trying … of old age, of course. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>So, of course I had to decide what kind of operating system it
should be. There are some technical design decisions to be made. I
@@ -354,10 +364,10 @@
have a portable system. Well, Unix was a portable system. So if I
followed the design of Unix, I had a pretty good chance that I could
make a system that would also be portable and workable. And
-furthermore, why <i>[Tape unclear]</i> be compatible with it in the
+furthermore, why <span>[Tape unclear]</span> be compatible with it in the
details. The reason is, users hate incompatible changes. If I had
-just designed the system in my favorite way — which I would have
-loved doing, I'm sure — I would have produced something that was
+just designed the system in my favorite way—which I would have
+loved doing, I'm sure—I would have produced something that was
incompatible. You know, the details would be different. So, if I
wrote the system, then the users would have said to me, “Well,
this is very nice, but it's incompatible. It will be too much work to
@@ -382,57 +392,57 @@
<p>So all we had to do to start work was find a name for the system.
Now, we hackers always look for a funny or naughty name for a program,
because thinking of people being amused by the name is half the fun of
-writing the program. <i>[Laughter]</i> And we had a tradition of
+writing the program. <span>[Laughter]</span> And we had a tradition of
recursive acronyms, to say that the program that you're writing is
similar to some existing program. You can give it a recursive acronym
name which says: this one's not the other. So, for instance, there
were many Tico text editors in the '60's and '70's, and they were
generally called something-or-other Tico. Then one clever hacker
-called his Tint, for Tint Is Not Tico — the first recursive
+called his Tint, for Tint Is Not Tico—the first recursive
acronym. In 1975, I developed the first Emacs text editor, and there
were many imitations of Emacs, and a lot of them were called
something-or-other Emacs, but one was called Fine, for Fine Is Not
Emacs, and there was Sine, for Sine Is Not Emacs, and Eine for Eine Is
Not Emacs, and MINCE for Mince Is Not Complete
-Emacs. <i>[Laughter]</i> That was a stripped down imitation. And
+Emacs. <span>[Laughter]</span> That was a stripped down imitation. And
then, Eine was almost completely rewritten, and the new version was
-called Zwei, for Zwei Was Eine Initially. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+called Zwei, for Zwei Was Eine Initially. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>So I looked for a recursive acronym for Something is not Unix. And
I tried all 26 letters, and discovered that none of them was a word.
-<i>[Laughter]</i> Hmm, try another way. I made a contraction. That
+<span>[Laughter]</span> Hmm, try another way. I made a contraction. That
way I could have a three-letter acronym, for Something's not Unix.
-And I tried letters, and I came across the word “GNU”
-— the word “GNU” is the funniest word in the English
-language. <i>[Laughter]</i> That was it. Of course, the reason it's
+And I tried letters, and I came across the word “GNU”—the
+word “GNU” is the funniest word in the English
+language. <span>[Laughter]</span> That was it. Of course, the reason it's
funny is that according to the dictionary, it's pronounced
-“new”. You see? And so that's why people use it for a
+“new.” You see? And so that's why people use it for a
lot of wordplay. Let me tell you, this is the name of an animal that
lives in Africa. And the African pronunciation had a click sound in
-it. <i>[Laughter]</i> Maybe still does. And so, the European
+it. <span>[Laughter]</span> Maybe still does. And so, the European
colonists, when they got there, they didn't bother learning to say
this click sound. So they just left it out, and they wrote a
“G” which meant “there's another sound that's
supposed to be here which we are not
-pronouncing.” <i>[Laughter]</i> So, tonight I'm leaving for
+pronouncing.” <span>[Laughter]</span> So, tonight I'm leaving for
South Africa, and I have begged them, I hope they're going to find
-somebody who can teach me to pronounce click sounds, <i>[Laughter]</i>
+somebody who can teach me to pronounce click sounds, <span>[Laughter]</span>
so that I'll know how to pronounce GNU the correct way, when it's the
animal.</p>
<p>But, when it's the name of our system, the correct pronunciation is
-“guh-NEW” — pronounce the hard “G”. If
+“guh-NEW”—pronounce the hard “G.” If
you talk about the “new” operating system, you'll get
people very confused, because we've been working on it for 17 years
-now, so it is not new any more. <i>[Laughter]</i> But it still is,
-and always will be, GNU — no matter how many people call it
-Linux by mistake. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+now, so it is not new any more. <span>[Laughter]</span> But it still is,
+and always will be, GNU—no matter how many people call it
+Linux by mistake. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>So, in January 1984, I quit my job at MIT to start writing pieces
of GNU. They were nice enough to let me keep using their facilities
though. And, at the time, I thought we would write all these pieces,
and make an entire GNU system, and then we'd say, “Come and get
-it”, and people would start to use it. That's not what
+it,” and people would start to use it. That's not what
happened. The first pieces I wrote were just equally good
replacements, with fewer bugs for some pieces of Unix, but they
weren't tremendously exciting. Nobody particularly wanted to get them
@@ -440,10 +450,10 @@
Emacs, which was my second implementation of Emacs, and by early 1985,
it was working. I could use it for all my editing, which was a big
relief, because I had no intention of learning to use VI, the Unix
-editor. <i>[Laughter]</i> So, until that time, I did my editing on
+editor. <span>[Laughter]</span> So, until that time, I did my editing on
some other machine, and saved the files through the network, so that I
could test them. But when GNU Emacs was running well enough for me to
-use it, it was also — other people wanted to use it too.</p>
+use it, it was also—other people wanted to use it too.</p>
<p>So I had to work out the details of distribution. Of course, I put
a copy in the anonymous FTP directory, and that was fine for people
@@ -473,16 +483,17 @@
won't be able to do what's really important to you.</p>
<p>So, that was fine, but people used to ask me, “What do you
-mean it's free software if it costs $150?” <i>[Laughter]</i> Well, the
reason they asked this was
+mean it's free software if it costs $150?” <span>[Laughter]</span>
+Well, the reason they asked this was
that they were confused by the multiple meanings of the English word
-“free”. One meaning refers to price, and another meaning
+“free.” One meaning refers to price, and another meaning
refers to freedom. When I speak of free software, I'm referring to
freedom, not price. So think of free speech, not free
-beer. <i>[Laughter]</i> Now, I wouldn't have dedicated so many years
+beer. <span>[Laughter]</span> Now, I wouldn't have dedicated so many years
of my life to making sure programmers got less money. That's not my
goal. I'm a programmer and I don't mind getting money myself. I
won't dedicate my whole life to getting it, but I don't mind getting
-it. And I'm not — and therefore, ethics is the same for
+it. And I'm not—and therefore, ethics is the same for
everyone. I'm not against some other programmer getting money either.
I don't want prices to be low. That's not the issue at all. The
issue is freedom. Freedom for everyone who's using software, whether
@@ -512,7 +523,7 @@
</ul>
<p>If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software,
-for you — and that's crucial. That's why I phrase it that way.
+for you—and that's crucial. That's why I phrase it that way.
I'll explain why later, when I talk about the GNU General Public
License, but right now I'm explaining what free software means, which
is a more basic question.</p>
@@ -521,7 +532,7 @@
run the program anyway you like, it is a pretty damn restrictive
program. But as it happens, most programs will at least give you
Freedom Zero. And Freedom Zero follows, legally, as a consequence of
-Freedoms One, Two, and Three — that's the way that copyright law
+Freedoms One, Two, and Three—that's the way that copyright law
works. So the freedoms that distinguish free software from typical
software are Freedoms One, Two, and Three, so I'll say more about them
and why they are important.</p>
@@ -545,7 +556,7 @@
<p>And if you are a people person, and you really don't want to learn
technology at all, that probably means that you have a lot of friends,
-and you're good at getting them to owe you favors. <i>[Laughter]</i>
+and you're good at getting them to owe you favors. <span>[Laughter]</span>
Some of them are probably programmers. So you can ask one of your
programmer friends. “Would you please change this for me? Add
this feature?” So, lots of people can benefit from it.</p>
@@ -574,14 +585,14 @@
these beings use computers, this act of friendship takes the form of
sharing software. Friends share with each other. Friends help each
other. This is the nature of friendship. And, in fact, this spirit
-of goodwill — the spirit of helping your neighbor, voluntarily
-— is society's most important resource. It makes the difference
+of goodwill—the spirit of helping your neighbor, voluntarily—is
+society's most important resource. It makes the difference
between a livable society and a dog-eat-dog jungle. Its importance
has been recognized by the world's major religions for thousands of
years, and they explicitly try to encourage this attitude.</p>
<p>When I was going to kindergarten, the teachers were trying to teach
-us this attitude — the spirit of sharing — by having us do
+us this attitude—the spirit of sharing—by having us do
it. They figured if we did it, we'd learn. So they said, “If
you bring candy to school, you can't keep it all for yourself; you
have to share some with the other kids.” Teaching us, the
@@ -601,29 +612,29 @@
<p>What do they mean when they say “pirate”? They're
saying that helping your neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking
-a ship. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+a ship. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>What would Buddha or Jesus say about that? Now, take your favorite
religious leader. I don't know, maybe Manson would have said
-something different. <i>[Laughter]</i> Who knows what L. Ron Hubbard
+something different. <span>[Laughter]</span> Who knows what L. Ron Hubbard
would say? But …</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <span>[Inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Of course, he's dead. But they don't
admit that. What?</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: So are the others, also
-dead. <i>[Laughter] [Inaudible]</i> Charles Manson's also
-dead. <i>[Laughter]</i> They're dead, Jesus's dead, Buddha's
+dead. <span>[Laughter] [Inaudible]</span> Charles Manson's also
+dead. <span>[Laughter]</span> They're dead, Jesus's dead, Buddha's
dead…</p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, that's true. <i>[Laughter]</i> So
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, that's true. <span>[Laughter]</span> So
I guess, in that regard, L. Ron Hubbard is no worse than the
-others. <i>[Laughter]</i> Anyway — <i>[Inaudible]</i></p>
+others. <span>[Laughter]</span> Anyway—<span>[Inaudible]</span></p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: L. Ron always used free software —
-it freed him from Zanu. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: L. Ron always used free software—it
+freed him from Zanu. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Anyway, so, I think this is actually the
most important reason why software should be free: We can't afford to
@@ -632,13 +643,13 @@
psycho-social resource, but it's just as real for all that, and it
makes a tremendous difference to our lives. You see, the actions we
take influence the thoughts of other people. When we go around
-telling people, “Don't share with each other”, if they
+telling people, “Don't share with each other,” if they
listen to us, we've had an effect on society, and it's not a good one.
That's Freedom Two, the freedom to help your neighbor.</p>
<p>Oh, and by the way, if you don't have that freedom, it doesn't just
cause this harm to society's psycho-social resource, it also causes
-waste — practical, material harm. If the program has an owner,
+waste—practical, material harm. If the program has an owner,
and the owner arranges a state of affairs where each user has to pay
in order to be able to use it, some people are going to say,
“Never mind, I'll do without it.” And that's waste,
@@ -680,15 +691,15 @@
over 100,000 are doing it as volunteers. We get lots of people
working on free software, for various different motives.</p>
-<p>When I first released GNU Emacs — the first piece of the GNU
-system that people actually wanted to use — and when it started
+<p>When I first released GNU Emacs—the first piece of the GNU
+system that people actually wanted to use—and when it started
having users, after a while, I got a message saying, “I think I
saw a bug in the source code, and here's a fix.” And I got
another message, “Here's code to add a new feature.” And
another bug fix. And another new feature. And another, and another,
and another, until they were pouring in on me so fast that just making
use of all this help I was getting was a big job. Microsoft doesn't
-have this problem. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+have this problem. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>Eventually, people noted this phenomenon. You see, in the 1980's a
lot of us thought that maybe free software wouldn't be as good as the
@@ -702,8 +713,8 @@
<p>In the early '90's, somebody found a way to do a scientific
measurement of reliability of software. Here's what he did. He took
-several sets of comparable programs that did the same jobs — the
-exact same jobs — in different systems. Because there were
+several sets of comparable programs that did the same jobs—the
+exact same jobs—in different systems. Because there were
certain basic Unix-like utilities. And the jobs that they did, we
know, was all, more or less, imitating the same thing, or they were
following the POSIX spec, so they were all the same in terms of what
@@ -715,7 +726,7 @@
which were proprietary software were less reliable. So he published
this and he told all the developers, and a few years later, he did the
same experiment with the newest versions, and he got the same result.
-The GNU versions were the most reliable. People — you know
+The GNU versions were the most reliable. People—you know
there are cancer clinics and 911 operations that use the GNU system,
because it's so reliable, and reliability is very important to
them.</p>
@@ -729,8 +740,8 @@
for a good society, as well as practical, material benefits. They're
both important. That's the free software movement.</p>
-<p>That other group of people — which is called the open source
-movement — they only cite the practical benefits. They deny
+<p>That other group of people—which is called the open source
+movement—they only cite the practical benefits. They deny
that this is an issue of principle. They deny that people are
entitled to the freedom to share with their neighbor and to see what
the program's doing and change it if they don't like it. They say,
@@ -747,7 +758,7 @@
shouldn't stop you from doing these things.” In the open source
movement, they say, “Yes, they can stop you if you want, but
we'll try to convince them to deign to let you to do these
-things.” Well, they have contributed — they have convinced
+things.” Well, they have contributed—they have convinced
a certain number of businesses to release substantial pieces of
software as free software in our community. So they, the open source
movement, has contributed substantially to our community. And so we
@@ -760,7 +771,7 @@
that we're all part of the open source movement. So that's why I'm
mentioning this distinction. I want you to be aware that the free
software movement, which brought our community into existence and
-developed the free operating system, is still here — and that we
+developed the free operating system, is still here—and that we
still stand for this ethical philosophy. I want you to know about
this, so that you won't mislead someone else unknowingly.</p>
@@ -771,9 +782,9 @@
the open source movement. You might disagree with them both. You
decide where you stand on these political issues.</p>
-<p>But if you agree with the free software movement — if you see
+<p>But if you agree with the free software movement—if you see
that there's an issue here that the people whose lives are controlled
-and directed by this decision deserve a say in it — then I hope
+and directed by this decision deserve a say in it—then I hope
you'll say that you agree with the free software movement, and one way
you can do that is by using the term free software and just helping
people know we exist.</p>
@@ -782,8 +793,8 @@
psycho-socially. If you don't have this freedom, it causes practical
material harm, because this community development doesn't happen, and
we don't make powerful, reliable software. But it also causes
-psycho-social harm, which affects the spirit of scientific cooperation
-— the idea that we're working together to advance human
+psycho-social harm, which affects the spirit of scientific
+cooperation—the idea that we're working together to advance human
knowledge. You see, progress in science crucially depends on people
being able to work together. And nowadays though, you often find each
little group of scientists acting like it's a war with each other gang
@@ -798,13 +809,13 @@
them for other people to use. If you have all of these freedoms, the
program is free software for you. Now, why do I define it that way in
terms of a particular user? Is it free software for
-you? <i>[Pointing at member of audience.]</i> Is it free software for
-you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Is it free
-software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i>
+you? <span>[Pointing at member of audience.]</span> Is it free software for
+you? <span>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</span> Is it free
+software for you? <span>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</span>
Yes?</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you explain a bit about the
-difference between Freedom Two and Three? <i>[inaudible]</i></p>
+difference between Freedom Two and Three? <span>[inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, they certainly relate, because if
you don't have freedom to redistribute at all, you certainly don't
@@ -818,13 +829,13 @@
can use it. Or maybe you make exact copies and you sell them to a
bunch of people, and then they can use it.</p>
-<p>Freedom Three is where you make improvements — or at least
+<p>Freedom Three is where you make improvements—or at least
you think they're improvements, and some other people may agree with
you. So that's the difference. Oh, and by the way, one crucial
point. Freedoms One and Three depend on your having access to the
source code. Because changing a binary-only program is extremely
-hard. <i>[Laughter]</i> Even trivial changes like using four digits
-for the date, <i>[Laughter]</i> if you don't have source. So, for
+hard. <span>[Laughter]</span> Even trivial changes like using four digits
+for the date, <span>[Laughter]</span> if you don't have source. So, for
compelling, practical reasons, access to the source code is a
precondition, a requirement, for free software.</p>
@@ -832,8 +843,8 @@
<em>you</em>? The reason is that sometimes the same program can be
free software for some people, and nonfree for others. Now, that
might seem like a paradoxical situation, so let me give you an example
-to show you how it happens. A very big example — maybe the
-biggest ever — of this problem was the X Window System which was
+to show you how it happens. A very big example—maybe the
+biggest ever—of this problem was the X Window System which was
developed at MIT and released under a license that made it free
software. If you got the MIT version with the MIT license, you had
Freedoms One, Two, and Three. It was free software for you. But
@@ -870,9 +881,9 @@
would have been perverted into nothing like the goal.</p>
<p>So, I looked for a way to stop that from happening. The method I
-came up with is called “copyleft”. It's called copyleft
+came up with is called “copyleft.” It's called copyleft
because it's sort of like taking copyright and flipping it
-over. <i>[Laughter]</i> Legally, copyleft works based on copyright.
+over. <span>[Laughter]</span> Legally, copyleft works based on copyright.
We use the existing copyright law, but we use it to achieve a very
different goal. Here's what we do. We say, “This program is
copyrighted.” And, of course, by default, that means it's
@@ -889,13 +900,13 @@
distributed under these same terms, no more and no less. So you can
change the program and distribute a modified version, but when you do,
the people who get that from you must get the same freedom that you
-got from us. And not just for the parts of it — the excerpts
-that you copied from our program — but also for the other parts
+got from us. And not just for the parts of it—the excerpts
+that you copied from our program—but also for the other parts
of that program that they got from you. The whole of that program has
to be free software for them.</p>
<p>The freedoms to change and redistribute this program become
-inalienable rights — a concept from the Declaration of
+inalienable rights—a concept from the Declaration of
Independence. Rights that we make sure can't be taken away from you.
And, of course, the specific license that embodies the idea of
copyleft is the GNU General Public License, a controversial license
@@ -905,29 +916,29 @@
<p>There are lots of people who don't appreciate the ideals of
freedom. And they'd be very glad to take the work that we have done,
and use it to get a head start in distributing a nonfree program and
-tempting people to give up their freedom. And the result would be
-— you know, if we let people do that — that we would be
+tempting people to give up their freedom. And the result would
+be—you know, if we let people do that—that we would
developing these free programs, and we'd constantly have to compete
with improved versions of our own programs. That's no fun.</p>
-<p>And, a lot of people also feel — you know, I'm willing to
+<p>And, a lot of people also feel—you know, I'm willing to
volunteer my time to contribute to the community, but why should I
volunteer my time to contribute to that company's, to improving that
company's, proprietary program? You know, some people might not even
think that that's evil, but they want to get paid if they're going to
do that. I, personally, would rather not do it at all.</p>
-<p>But both of these groups of people — both the ones like me
+<p>But both of these groups of people—both the ones like me
who say, “I don't want to help that nonfree program to get a
foothold in our community” and the ones that say, “Sure,
-I'd work for them, but then they better pay me” — both of
+I'd work for them, but then they better pay me”—both of
us have a good reason to use the GNU General Public License. Because
that says to that company, “You can't just take my work, and
distribute it without the freedom.” Whereas, the non-copyleft
licenses, like the X Windows license, do permit that.</p>
<p>So that is the big division between the two categories of free
-software — license-wise. There are the programs that are
+software—license-wise. There are the programs that are
copylefted so that the license defends the freedom of the software for
every user. And there are the non-copylefted programs for which
nonfree versions are allowed. Somebody <em>can</em> take those
@@ -936,7 +947,7 @@
<p>And that problem exists today. There are still nonfree versions
of X Windows being used on our free operating systems. There is even
-hardware — which is not really supported — except by a
+hardware—which is not really supported—except by a
nonfree version of X Windows. And that's a major problem in our
community. Nonetheless, I wouldn't say that X Windows is a bad thing,
you know. I'd say that the developers did not do the best possible
@@ -957,25 +968,25 @@
Microsoft is attacking it today. See, Microsoft would really like to
be able to take all the code that we wrote and put it into proprietary
programs, have somebody make some improvements, or even just
-incompatible changes is all they need. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+incompatible changes is all they need. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>You know, with Microsoft's marketing clout, they don't need to make
it better to have their version supplant ours. They just have to make
it different and incompatible. And then, put it on everybody's
desktop. So they really don't like the GNU GPL. Because the GNU GPL
won't let them do that. It doesn't allow “embrace and
-extend”. It says, if you want to share our code in your
+extend.” It says, if you want to share our code in your
programs, you can. But, you've got to share and share alike. The
changes that you make we have to be allowed to share. So, it's a
two-way cooperation, which is real cooperation.</p>
-<p>Many companies — even big companies like IBM and HP are
+<p>Many companies—even big companies like IBM and HP are
willing to use our software on this basis. IBM and HP contribute
substantial improvements to GNU software. And they develop other free
software. But, Microsoft doesn't want to do that, so they give it out
that businesses just can't deal with the GPL. Well, if businesses
don't include IBM, and HP and SUN, then maybe they're
-right. <i>[Laughter]</i> More about that later.</p>
+right. <span>[Laughter]</span> More about that later.</p>
<p>I should finish the historical story. You see, we set out in 1984
not just to write some free software but to do something much more
@@ -1013,7 +1024,7 @@
hire people to write parts of GNU. And essential programs, such as
the shell and the C library were written this way, as well as parts of
other programs. The <code>tar</code> program, which is absolutely
-essential, although not exciting at all <i>[Laughter]</i> was written
+essential, although not exciting at all <span>[Laughter]</span> was written
this way. I believe GNU grep was written this way. And so, we're
approaching our goal.</p>
@@ -1050,10 +1061,10 @@
system. Essentially, to make the GNU plus Linux combination.</p>
<p>But, they didn't realize that's what they were doing. You see,
-they said, We have a kernel — let's look around and see what
+they said, We have a kernel—let's look around and see what
other pieces we can find to put together with the kernel. So, they
-looked around — and lo and behold, everything they needed was
-already available. What good fortune, they said. <i>[Laughter]</i>
+looked around—and lo and behold, everything they needed was
+already available. What good fortune, they said. <span>[Laughter]</span>
It's all here. We can find everything we need. Let's just take all
these different things and put it together, and have a system.</p>
@@ -1062,13 +1073,13 @@
gap in the GNU system. They thought they were taking Linux and making
a system out of Linux. So they called it a Linux system.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <span>[Inaudible]</span></p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can't hear you — what?</p>
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can't hear you—what?</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <span>[Inaudible]</span></p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, it's just not — you know,
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, it's just not—you know,
it's provincial.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: But it's more good fortune then finding
@@ -1079,11 +1090,11 @@
complete free operating system. We're the only ones who had that.
And, it was our tremendous work that made the system exist. We
actually did a larger part of the system than any other project. No
-coincidence, because those people — they wrote useful parts of
+coincidence, because those people—they wrote useful parts of
the system. But they didn't do it because they wanted the system to
be finished. They had other reasons.</p>
-<p>Now the people who developed X — they thought that designing
+<p>Now the people who developed X—they thought that designing
across the network window system would be a good project, and it was.
And it turned out to help us make a good free operating system. But
that's not what they hoped for. They didn't even think about that.
@@ -1092,13 +1103,13 @@
That's a good thing to do. But they didn't have that ultimate vision.
The GNU Project is where that vision was.</p>
-<p>And, so, we were the ones whose — every little piece that
+<p>And, so, we were the ones whose—every little piece that
didn't get done by somebody else, we did it. Because we knew that we
wouldn't have a complete system without it. And even if it was
totally boring and unromantic, like <code>tar</code>
-or <code>mv</code>. <i>[Laughter]</i> We did it. Or <code>ld</code>, you know
-there's nothing very exciting in <code>ld</code> — but I wrote
-one. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I did make efforts to have it do a minimal
+or <code>mv</code>. <span>[Laughter]</span> We did it. Or <code>ld</code>,
you know
+there's nothing very exciting in <code>ld</code>—but I wrote
+one. <span>[Laughter]</span> And I did make efforts to have it do a minimal
amount of disk I/O so that it would be faster and handle bigger
programs. But, you know, I like to do a good job. I like to improve
various things about the program while I'm doing it. But the reason
@@ -1117,53 +1128,53 @@
for what we've done. I think Linux, the kernel, is a very useful
piece of free software, and I have only good things to say about it.
But, well, actually, I can find a few bad things to say about
-it. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, basically, I have good things to say about
+it. <span>[Laughter]</span> But, basically, I have good things to say about
it. However, the practice of calling the GNU system, Linux, is just a
mistake. I'd like to ask you please to make the small effort
necessary to call the system GNU/Linux, and that way to help us get a
share of the credit.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: You need a mascot! Get yourself a
-stuffed animal! <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+stuffed animal! <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have one.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: You do?</p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have an animal — a
-gnu. <i>[Laughter]</i> Anyway. So, yes, when you draw a penguin,
-draw a gnu next to it. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, let's save the
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have an animal—a
+gnu. <span>[Laughter]</span> Anyway. So, yes, when you draw a penguin,
+draw a gnu next to it. <span>[Laughter]</span> But, let's save the
questions for the end. I have more to go through.</p>
<p>So, why am I so concerned about this? You know, why do I think it
is worth bothering you and perhaps giving you a, perhaps lowering your
-opinion of me, <i>[Laughter]</i> to raise this issue of credit?
+opinion of me, <span>[Laughter]</span> to raise this issue of credit?
Because, you know, some people when I do this, some people think that
it's because I want my ego to be fed, right? Of course, I'm not
-saying — I'm not asking you to call it “Stallmanix,”
-right? <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i></p>
+saying—I'm not asking you to call it “Stallmanix,”
+right? <span>[Laughter] [Applause]</span></p>
<p>I'm asking you to call it GNU, because I want the GNU Project to
get credit. And there's a very specific reason for that, which is a
lot more important than anybody getting credit, in and of itself. You
see, these days, if you look around in our community most of the
people talking about it and writing about it don't ever mention GNU,
-and they don't ever mention these goals of freedom — these
+and they don't ever mention these goals of freedom—these
political and social ideals, either. Because the place they come from
is GNU.</p>
-<p>The ideas associated with Linux — the philosophy is very
+<p>The ideas associated with Linux—the philosophy is very
different. It is basically the apolitical philosophy of Linus
Torvalds. So, when people think that the whole system is Linux, they
tend to think: “Oh, it must have been all started by Linux
Torvalds. His philosophy must be the one that we should look at
-carefully”. And when they hear about the GNU philosophy, they
+carefully.” And when they hear about the GNU philosophy, they
say: “Boy, this is so idealistic, this must be awfully
impractical. I'm a Linux-user, not a
-GNU-user.” <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+GNU-user.” <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>What irony! If they only knew! If they knew that the system they
-liked — or, in some cases, love and go wild over — is our
+liked—or, in some cases, love and go wild over—is our
idealistic, political philosophy made real.</p>
<p>They still wouldn't have to agree with us. But at least they'd see
@@ -1196,12 +1207,12 @@
disk, or CD), and they can have other licenses. That's considered
mere aggregation, and, essentially, just distributing two programs to
somebody at the same time is not something we have any say over. So,
-in fact, it is not true — sometimes, I wish it were true —
-that if a company uses a GPL-covered program in a product that the
-whole product has to be free software. It's not — it doesn't go
-to that range — that scope. It's the whole program. If there
+in fact, it is not true—sometimes, I wish it were true—that
+if a company uses a GPL-covered program in a product that the
+whole product has to be free software. It's not—it doesn't go
+to that range—that scope. It's the whole program. If there
are two separate programs that communicate with each other at arm's
-length — like by sending messages to each other — then,
+length—like by sending messages to each other—then,
they're legally separate, in general. So, these companies, by adding
nonfree software to the system, are giving the users, philosophically
and politically, a very bad idea. They're telling the users,
@@ -1209,23 +1220,23 @@
this as a bonus.”</p>
<p>If you look at the magazines about the use of the GNU/Linux system,
-most of them have a title like “Linux-something or other”.
+most of them have a title like “Linux-something or other.”
So they're calling the system Linux most of the time. And they're
filled with ads for nonfree software that you could run on top of the
GNU/Linux system. Now those ads have a common message. They say:
Nonfree Software Is Good For You. It's So Good That You Might Even
-<em>Pay</em> To Get It. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+<em>Pay</em> To Get It. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
-<p>And they call these things “value-added packages”,
+<p>And they call these things “value-added packages,”
which makes a statement about their values. They're saying: Value
practical convenience, not freedom. And, I don't agree with those
values, so I call them “freedom-subtracted
-packages”. <i>[Laughter]</i> Because if you have installed a
+packages.” <span>[Laughter]</span> Because if you have installed a
free operating system, then you now are living in the free world. You
enjoy the benefits of liberty that we worked for so many years to give
you. Those packages give you an opportunity to buckle on a chain.</p>
-<p>And then if you look at the trade shows — about the use of
+<p>And then if you look at the trade shows—about the use of
the, dedicated to the use of, the GNU/Linux system, they all call
themselves “Linux” shows. And they're filled with booths
exhibiting nonfree software, essentially putting the seal of approval
@@ -1241,14 +1252,14 @@
<p>Of course, just by using that name, you won't be making an
explanation of the history. You can type four extra characters and
write GNU/Linux; you can say two extra syllables. But, GNU/Linux is
-fewer syllables than Windows 2000. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, you're not
+fewer syllables than Windows 2000. <span>[Laughter]</span> But, you're not
telling them a lot, but you're preparing them, so that when they hear
about GNU, and what it's all about, they'll see how that connects to
them and their lives. And that, indirectly, makes a tremendous
difference. So please help us.</p>
<p>You'll note that Microsoft called the GPL an “open source
-license”. They don't want people to be thinking in terms of
+license.” They don't want people to be thinking in terms of
freedom as the issue. You'll find that they invite people to think in
a narrow way, as consumers, and, of course, not even think very
rationally as consumers, if they're going to choose Microsoft
@@ -1295,10 +1306,10 @@
happens. Once you're using the program, they figure you're locked in
to getting the support from them, because to switch to a different
program is a gigantic job. So, you end up with things like paying for
-the privilege of reporting a bug. <i>[Laughter]</i> And once you've
+the privilege of reporting a bug. <span>[Laughter]</span> And once you've
paid, they tell you, “Well, OK, we've noted your bug report.
And in a few months, you can buy an upgrade, and you can see if we've
-fixed it.” <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+fixed it.” <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p>Support providers for free software can't get away with that. They
have to please the customers. Of course, you can get a lot of good
@@ -1356,9 +1367,9 @@
as a kind of law. Whoever gets to write the code that just about
everybody uses for all intents and purposes is writing the laws that
run people's lives. With free software, these laws get written in a
-democratic way. Not the classical form of democracy — we don't
+democratic way. Not the classical form of democracy—we don't
have a big election and say, “Everybody vote which way should
-this feature be done.” <i>[Laughter]</i> Instead we say,
+this feature be done.” <span>[Laughter]</span> Instead we say,
basically, those of you who want to work on implementing the feature
this way, do it. And if you want to work on implementing the feature
that way, do it. And, it gets done one way or the other, you know?
@@ -1427,7 +1438,7 @@
fraction of the jobs are in that part of the industry, even if there
were no possibilities for free software business, the developers of
free software could all get day jobs writing custom
-software. <i>[Laughter]</i> There's so many; the ratio is so big.</p>
+software. <span>[Laughter]</span> There's so many; the ratio is so big.</p>
<p>But, as it happens, there is free software business. There are
free software companies, and at the press conference that I'm going to
@@ -1444,7 +1455,7 @@
hour, I'll change whatever you want me to change in GNU software that
I'd written. And, yes, it was a stiff rate, but if it was a program
that I was the author of, people would figure that I might get the job
-done in a lot fewer hours. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I made a living that
+done in a lot fewer hours. <span>[Laughter]</span> And I made a living that
way. In fact, I'd made more than I'd ever made before. I also taught
classes. And I kept doing that until 1990, when I got a big prize and
I didn't have to do it any more.</p>
@@ -1490,7 +1501,7 @@
business, you know, more than half of all the web servers in the world
are running on GNU/Linux with Apache as the web server.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i> … What did you
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <span>[Inaudible]</span> … What did you
say before, Linux?</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I said GNU/Linux.</p>
@@ -1536,9 +1547,9 @@
(At least, in some of the cases; I guess we have to ignore the war in
Vietnam.)</p>
-<p><i>[Editor's note: The day before was “Memorial Day” in
+<p><span>[Editor's note: The day before was “Memorial Day” in
the USA. Memorial Day is a day where war heros are
-commemorated.]</i></p>
+commemorated.]</span></p>
<p>But, fortunately, to maintain our freedom in using software,
doesn't call for big sacrifices. Just tiny, little sacrifices are
@@ -1558,7 +1569,7 @@
<p>I'd like to mention that there's a new approach to free software
business being proposed by Tony Stanco, which he calls “Free
-Developers”, which involves a certain business structure which
+Developers,” which involves a certain business structure which
hopes eventually to pay out a certain share of the profits to every,
to all the authors of the free software who've joined the
organization. And they're looking at the prospects of getting me some
@@ -1568,7 +1579,7 @@
<p>And so now I guess that I should ask for questions.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i></p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: <span>[Inaudible]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Could you speak up a bit louder please?
I can't really hear you.</p>
@@ -1596,8 +1607,8 @@
<p>And this is relevant because, you know, the trial court in the
Microsoft antitrust trial recommended breaking up the company,
-Microsoft. But in a way, that makes no sense — it wouldn't do
-any good at all — into the operating part and the applications
+Microsoft. But in a way, that makes no sense—it wouldn't do
+any good at all—into the operating part and the applications
part.</p>
<p>But having seen that article, I now see a useful, effective way to
@@ -1616,9 +1627,9 @@
it to talk to Microsoft services, and we won't mind.</p>
<p>Because, after all, although Microsoft is the proprietary software
-company that has subjugated the most people — the others have
+company that has subjugated the most people—the others have
subjugated fewer people, it's not for want of
-trying. <i>[Laughter]</i> They just haven't succeeded in subjugating
+trying. <span>[Laughter]</span> They just haven't succeeded in subjugating
as many people. So, the problem is not Microsoft and only Microsoft.
Microsoft is just the biggest example of the problem we're trying to
solve, which is proprietary software taking away users' freedom to
@@ -1655,7 +1666,7 @@
issue. I have no comments on that.”</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I actually have a lot to say
-about patents, but it takes an hour. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+about patents, but it takes an hour. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: I wanted to say this: It seems to me
that there is an issue. I mean, there is a reason that companies call
@@ -1735,8 +1746,8 @@
publishers on the public. So, the power relationship is turned around
180 degrees, even if it's the same law.</p>
-<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: So you can have the same thing —
-but like in making music from other music?</p>
+<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: So you can have the same thing—but
+like in making music from other music?</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. That is an interesting
…</p>
@@ -1763,7 +1774,7 @@
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: I have been, what I will now say, a
GNU/Linux user…</p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Thank you. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Thank you. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: …for the past four years. The one
thing that has been problematical for me and is something that is
@@ -1792,8 +1803,8 @@
<p>Now, in fact, there have been free web browsers for many years.
There is a free web browser that I used to use called Lynx. It's a
free web browser that is non-graphical; it's text-only. This has a
-tremendous advantage, in you don't see the ads. <i>[Laughter]
-[Applause]</i></p>
+tremendous advantage, in you don't see the ads. <span>[Laughter]
+[Applause]</span></p>
<p>But anyway, there is a free graphical project called Mozilla, which
is now getting to the point where you can use it. And I occasionally
@@ -1809,8 +1820,8 @@
philosophical/ethical division between free software and open source?
Do you feel that those are irreconcilable? …</p>
-<p><i>[Recording switches tapes; end of question and start of answer
-is missing]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Recording switches tapes; end of question and start of answer
+is missing]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: … to a freedom, and ethics. Or
whether you just say, Well, I hope that you companies will decide it's
@@ -1828,7 +1839,7 @@
Linux as selling point, and say Linux.</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, of course, it's really the
-GNU/Linux systems. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+GNU/Linux systems. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: That's right! Well, tell the top sales
person. He doesn't know anything for GNU.</p>
@@ -1848,8 +1859,8 @@
<p>There's another more important and more substantive issue about
what IBM is doing. They're saying that they're putting a billion
-dollars into “Linux”. But perhaps, I should also put
-quotes around “into”, as well, because some of that money
+dollars into “Linux.” But perhaps, I should also put
+quotes around “into,” as well, because some of that money
is paying people to develop free software. That really is a
contribution to our community. But other parts is paying to pay
people to write proprietary software, or port proprietary software to
@@ -1859,21 +1870,21 @@
partly wrong. So, it's a complicated situation. Some of what they're
doing is contribution and some is not. And some is sort is somewhat,
but not exactly. And you can't just lump it altogether and think,
-Wow! Whee! A billion dollars from IBM. <i>[Laughter]</i> That's
+Wow! Whee! A billion dollars from IBM. <span>[Laughter]</span> That's
oversimplification.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk a little bit more about the
thinking that went into the General Public License?</p>
-<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, here's the — I'm sorry, I'm
-answering his question now. <i>[Laughter]</i></p>
+<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, here's the—I'm sorry, I'm
+answering his question now. <span>[Laughter]</span></p>
<p><strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Do you want to reserve some time for
the press conference? Or do you want to continue here?</p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Who is here for the press conference?
-Not a lot of press. Oh, three — OK. Can you afford if we
-— if I go on answering everybody's questions for another ten
+Not a lot of press. Oh, three—OK. Can you afford if
+we… if I go on answering everybody's questions for another ten
minutes or so? OK. So, we'll go on answering everybody's
questions.</p>
@@ -1890,9 +1901,9 @@
<p>But the other issue I was thinking about was, I wanted to give the
community a feeling that it was not a doormat, a feeling that it was
not prey to any parasite who would wander along. If you don't use
-copyleft, you are essentially saying: <i>[speaking meekly]</i>
+copyleft, you are essentially saying: <span>[speaking meekly]</span>
“Take my code. Do what you want. I don't say no.” So,
-anybody can come along and say: <i>[speaking very firmly]</i>
+anybody can come along and say: <span>[speaking very firmly]</span>
“Ah, I want to make a nonfree version of this. I'll just take
it.” And, then, of course, they probably make some improvements,
those nonfree versions might appeal to users, and replace the free
@@ -2048,21 +2059,22 @@
And we owe him very big for this. I'd like to note to people that
there is a break.</p>
-<p><i>[Applause]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Applause]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: You are free to leave at any time, you
-know. <i>[Laughter]</i> I'm not holding you prisoner here.</p>
+know. <span>[Laughter]</span> I'm not holding you prisoner here.</p>
-<p><i>[Audience adjourns…]</i></p>
+<p><span>[Audience adjourns…]</span></p>
-<p><i>[overlapping conversations…]</i></p>
+<p><span>[overlapping conversations…]</span></p>
<p><strong>STALLMAN</strong>: One final thing. Our website:
www.gnu.org</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -2080,13 +2092,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -2107,7 +2119,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -2117,10 +2129,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/11/22 20:57:56 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html 14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000 1.37
+++ po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.38
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@
with any given patent is largely random and most of them don't bring any
benefits to their owners. But IBM is so big that these things average
out over the scale of IBM. So you could take IBM as measuring what the
-average is like. What we see is—and this is a little bit subtle
-— the benefit to IBM of being able to make use of ideas that were
+average is like. What we see is—and this is a little bit
+subtle—the benefit to IBM of being able to make use of ideas that were
patented by others is equal to the harm that the patent system would have
done to IBM if there were no cross-licensing—if IBM really were
prohibited from using all those ideas that were patented by others.</p>
@@ -973,8 +973,8 @@
causing problems here, despite the tremendous problems they cause in
other areas of life.</p>
-<p> Preventing India from having software patents will be up to you
-— to the citizens of India. I am a foreigner, I have no influence
+<p> Preventing India from having software patents will be up to you—to
+the citizens of India. I am a foreigner, I have no influence
except when I can convince other people through the logic of what I say.
There is a chance that you can do this. When the US started to have
software patents, the public policy question was not considered at all.
@@ -1358,8 +1358,8 @@
The purpose of… You have been brainwashed, you have been listening to
the propaganda of the companies that want to have these monopolies.
If you ask what legal scholars say is the basis of these systems,
- they say that they are attempts—for copyrights and for patents
- —they are attempts to manipulate the behavior of people to get
+ they say that they are attempts—for copyrights and for
+ patents—they are attempts to manipulate the behavior of people to get
benefit for the public. Trademarks are a different issue, I think the
issues for trademark are completely different. So you are making an
overgeneralization also.</dd>
@@ -1547,8 +1547,8 @@
I'm sorry. What people would do, what software developers would do in
that situation is use general purpose machines more.</dd>
-<dt><b>Q</b>: Some algorithm can be run on a general purpose machine
-— what I'd say that, that algorithm, I'm using it for some embedded
+<dt><b>Q</b>: Some algorithm can be run on a general purpose machine—what
+I'd say that, that algorithm, I'm using it for some embedded
device and go ahead and patent it.</dt>
<dd><b>A</b>: Why you could try it, you misunderstood. The point is
@@ -2167,7 +2167,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/university.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/university.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/university.de-diff.html 30 Apr 2021 11:18:36 -0000 1.2
+++ po/university.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,12 +11,20 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="thin"></div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have
@@ -136,15 +144,17 @@
Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's
freedom depends, in one instance, on you.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -162,31 +172,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2020</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/30 11:18:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/university.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/university.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/university.it-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:04 -0000 1.1
+++ po/university.it-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,12 +11,20 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="thin"></div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have
@@ -136,15 +144,17 @@
Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's
freedom depends, in one instance, on you.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -162,31 +172,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2020</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/university.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/university.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- po/university.nl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:04 -0000 1.14
+++ po/university.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.15
@@ -11,12 +11,20 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="thin"></div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have
@@ -136,15 +144,17 @@
Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's
freedom depends, in one instance, on you.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -162,31 +172,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2020</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/university.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/university.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/university.pl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:04 -0000 1.1
+++ po/university.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,12 +11,20 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/university.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="thin"></div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have
@@ -136,15 +144,17 @@
Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's
freedom depends, in one instance, on you.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -162,31 +172,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2020</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:57 -0000 1.2
+++ po/using-gfdl.ko-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,25 +11,34 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.77
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Using GNU FDL
-- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
-the <a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
License</a>.</p>
<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> book. But just as
free commercial software has been
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
-the GNU FDL for this book”. So when your friend mentions
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
pointing out this possibility.</p>
@@ -54,9 +63,9 @@
them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> (See <a
href="/licenses/license-list.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>) Authors that want
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
for free documentation.</p>
@@ -67,33 +76,26 @@
make a link to that page from <a
href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
-not link to other pages about <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software or documentation,
and
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="unprintable">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</em></ins></span>
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
-Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
-to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.
-</p>
-
-<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -104,23 +106,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+ README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
-of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -135,26 +133,23 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1999 Richard M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
-<br />
-This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
-
-<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
-</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Updated:</strong></del></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p
class="unprintable">Updated:</em></ins></span>
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:57 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:57 -0000 1.2
+++ po/using-gfdl.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,25 +11,34 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.77
--></em></ins></span>
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Using GNU FDL
-- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
-the <a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
License</a>.</p>
<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> book. But just as
free commercial software has been
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
-the GNU FDL for this book”. So when your friend mentions
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
pointing out this possibility.</p>
@@ -54,9 +63,9 @@
them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> (See <a
href="/licenses/license-list.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>) Authors that want
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
for free documentation.</p>
@@ -67,33 +76,26 @@
make a link to that page from <a
href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
-not link to other pages about <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software or documentation,
and
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="unprintable">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><em>gnu@gnu.org</em></a>.</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</em></ins></span>
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
-Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
-to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><em>webmasters@gnu.org</em></a>.
-</p>
-
-<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -104,23 +106,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+ README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
-of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -135,26 +133,23 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1999 Richard M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
-<br />
-This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
-
-<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
-</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Updated:</strong></del></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p
class="unprintable">Updated:</em></ins></span>
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:57 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html 5 Jul 2020 14:30:13 -0000 1.5
+++ po/why-copyleft.it-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.6
@@ -11,26 +11,37 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Copyleft?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
-<p>
-<cite>“When it comes to defending the freedom of others, to lie
-down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not humility.”</cite>
-</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+<cite>“When</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="important">
+<p><em>When</em></ins></span> it comes to defending <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of others,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>humility.”</cite>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>humility.</em></p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
-use <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></em></ins></span>
licenses like GNU
+use <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like
GNU
GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
-the <span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="General Public
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>License">GPL</acronym>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>License">GPL</abbr>.</em></ins></span>
+the <abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -38,31 +49,30 @@
licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
-“humility”, but there is a deeper point to be considered
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“humility”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“humility,”</em></ins></span> but
there is a deeper point to be considered
here.
</p>
<p>
-Humility is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>abnegating</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>disregarding</em></ins></span> your own <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self interest,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>self-interest,</em></ins></span> but <span
class="removed"><del><strong>you and</strong></del></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>one who
-uses</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>interest you
-abandon when you don't copyleft</em></ins></span> your code <span
class="removed"><del><strong>are not the only ones affected by your choice of
which
-free software license to use for</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>is much bigger than</em></ins></span> your <span
class="removed"><del><strong>code.</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>own.</em></ins></span> Someone who uses your
code in a nonfree program is <span class="removed"><del><strong>trying to
deny</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>denying</em></ins></span>
-freedom to others, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>and</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>so</em></ins></span> if you <span
class="removed"><del><strong>let him do it,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>allow that,</em></ins></span> you're failing to
defend <span class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>those people's</em></ins></span> freedom.
When it comes to defending <span class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of
others,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's
-freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness,
not
+Humility is disregarding your own self-interest, but the interest you
+abandon when you don't copyleft your code is much bigger than your
+own. Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is denying
+freedom to others, so if you allow that, you're failing to defend
+those people's freedom. When it comes to defending everyone's
+freedom, to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
humility.
</p>
<p>
-Releasing your code under <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/licenses/bsd.html"></em></ins></span> one of the BSD <span
class="removed"><del><strong>licenses,</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>licenses</a>,</em></ins></span> or some
other <span class="inserted"><ins><em>lax,</em></ins></span> permissive <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-copyleft</strong></del></span> license, is not
doing
+Releasing your code under <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> one of the BSD
+licenses</a>, or some other lax, permissive license, is not doing
wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>
+<p>
Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
@@ -76,15 +86,16 @@
and is likely to remain so.</li>
<li>Intel uses
-<a
href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</em></ins></span>
proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
processors.</li>
-</ul></em></ins></span>
+</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -102,19 +113,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -129,23 +140,21 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003, 2007, 2008, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2013</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span> Free
Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2008,
2013,</strong></del></span> 2017, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2018,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/05 14:30:13 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html 5 Jul 2020 14:30:13 -0000 1.9
+++ po/why-copyleft.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.10
@@ -11,26 +11,37 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Copyleft?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
-<p>
-<cite>“When it comes to defending the freedom of others, to lie
-down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not humility.”</cite>
-</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+<cite>“When</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="important">
+<p><em>When</em></ins></span> it comes to defending <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of others,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>humility.”</cite>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>humility.</em></p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
-use <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a></em></ins></span>
licenses like GNU
+use <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like
GNU
GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
-the <span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="General Public
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>License">GPL</acronym>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>License">GPL</abbr>.</em></ins></span>
+the <abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -38,31 +49,30 @@
licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
-“humility”, but there is a deeper point to be considered
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“humility”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“humility,”</em></ins></span> but
there is a deeper point to be considered
here.
</p>
<p>
-Humility is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>abnegating</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>disregarding</em></ins></span> your own <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self interest,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>self-interest,</em></ins></span> but <span
class="removed"><del><strong>you and</strong></del></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>one who
-uses</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>interest you
-abandon when you don't copyleft</em></ins></span> your code <span
class="removed"><del><strong>are not the only ones affected by your choice of
which
-free software license to use for</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>is much bigger than</em></ins></span> your <span
class="removed"><del><strong>code.</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>own.</em></ins></span> Someone who uses your
code in a nonfree program is <span class="removed"><del><strong>trying to
deny</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>denying</em></ins></span>
-freedom to others, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>and</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>so</em></ins></span> if you <span
class="removed"><del><strong>let him do it,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>allow that,</em></ins></span> you're failing to
defend <span class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>those people's</em></ins></span> freedom.
When it comes to defending <span class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of
others,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's
-freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness,
not
+Humility is disregarding your own self-interest, but the interest you
+abandon when you don't copyleft your code is much bigger than your
+own. Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is denying
+freedom to others, so if you allow that, you're failing to defend
+those people's freedom. When it comes to defending everyone's
+freedom, to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
humility.
</p>
<p>
-Releasing your code under <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/licenses/bsd.html"></em></ins></span> one of the BSD <span
class="removed"><del><strong>licenses,</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>licenses</a>,</em></ins></span> or some
other <span class="inserted"><ins><em>lax,</em></ins></span> permissive <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-copyleft</strong></del></span> license, is not
doing
+Releasing your code under <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> one of the BSD
+licenses</a>, or some other lax, permissive license, is not doing
wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>
+<p>
Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
@@ -76,15 +86,16 @@
and is likely to remain so.</li>
<li>Intel uses
-<a
href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</em></ins></span>
proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
processors.</li>
-</ul></em></ins></span>
+</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -102,19 +113,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -129,23 +140,21 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003, 2007, 2008, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2013</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span> Free
Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2008,
2013,</strong></del></span> 2017, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2018,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/05 14:30:13 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.ko-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.ko-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/x.ko-diff.html 12 Feb 2016 10:11:38 -0000 1.4
+++ po/x.ko-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,22 +11,27 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>The X Window System Trap
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
<meta http-equiv="Description"
content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
-<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
<p>
To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@
<p>
Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a></em></ins></span>
licenses are based on the idea
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
@@ -130,7 +135,8 @@
these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
-Likewise for utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and
<tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
free software.</p>
@@ -165,10 +171,12 @@
equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -186,19 +194,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -213,22 +221,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/02/12 10:11:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/x.nl-diff.html 12 Feb 2016 10:11:49 -0000 1.4
+++ po/x.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,22 +11,27 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>The X Window System Trap
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
<meta http-equiv="Description"
content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
-<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
<p>
To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@
<p>
Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a></em></ins></span>
licenses are based on the idea
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
@@ -130,7 +135,8 @@
these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
-Likewise for utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and
<tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
free software.</p>
@@ -165,10 +171,12 @@
equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -186,19 +194,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -213,22 +221,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/02/12 10:11:49 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/x.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/x.pl-diff.html 1 Mar 2016 04:27:37 -0000 1.2
+++ po/x.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,22 +11,27 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>The X Window System Trap
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
<meta http-equiv="Description"
content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
-<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
<p>
To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
@@ -38,7 +43,7 @@
<p>
Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/bsd.html">BSD</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a></em></ins></span>
licenses are based on the idea
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
@@ -130,7 +135,8 @@
these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
-Likewise for utilities such as <tt>xset</tt> and
<tt>xrdb</tt>, which are close to the
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
free software.</p>
@@ -165,10 +171,12 @@
equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -186,19 +194,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -213,22 +221,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/03/01 04:27:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/motif.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/motif.ca-diff.html
diff -N po/motif.ca-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/motif.ca-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/motif.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Motif License - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Motif License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+A couple of weeks ago, the Open Group changed the license of Motif,
+inviting free software developers to use it. However, the new Motif
+license does not fit either the definition of free software, or the
+looser definition of open source software.</p>
+<p>
+Their announcement says they have released Motif to “the open
+source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>community”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>community,”</em></ins></span> but this is true
only in an unnatural
+interpretation of the words. They have not made Motif available
+within the free software community; instead, they have invited the
+people in the free software community to leave the community by using
+Motif.</p>
+<p>
+I've written to the Open Group about this, asking them to change the
+license. We can hope they will, but we can't assume it. In the
+present circumstances, we have to treat Motif the same way we treated
+it before: not available for us. Motif still cannot be part of a free
+operating system, and combining or linking someone else's GPL-covered
+code with Motif is still a violation of the GPL except in very special
+circumstances.</p>
+<p>
+Fortunately there is a free software alternative to Motif, called
+LessTif. Most programs that were written for Motif can use LessTif
+with no changes. Please support the free software community by using
+LessTif rather than Motif. Some finishing work still needs to be done
+on LessTif; to volunteer, contact <a href="mailto:lesstif@hungry.com">
+<lesstif@hungry.com></a>.</p>
+<p>
+Here are some of the problems of the Motif license:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>It claims that you accept the license merely by
+ “using” Motif. Only a shrink-wrap license or
+ something similar can do that, and shrink-wrap licenses are a
+ bad thing.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>The license is restricted to use on certain operating systems,
+ those which fit a category they call “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span>
+ Both the free software movement and the open source camp
+ consider use restrictions unacceptable.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Their definition of the term “open source” is very
+ different from the one used by the open source camp, thus
+ causing confusion.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+In the free software movement, we disagree with the philosophy and
+values of open source. (For more explanation, see
+<a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)
+But even though we do not support open source or advocate what it
+stands for, we think people should not misrepresent what it stands
+for. The facts of the situation are complex enough; confusing the
+issue is not welcome.</p>
+
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="LaterNote">Later</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="LaterNote"
class="footnote">Later</em></ins></span> Note</h3>
+
+<p>
+<em>In 2012, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://motif.ics.com/"></em></ins></span>
+Motif</a> was released under the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, version 2.1.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1997, 1998, 1999,
2007, 2008, 2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1997-1999, 2013, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/motif.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/motif.de-diff.html
diff -N po/motif.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/motif.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/motif.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Motif License - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Motif License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+A couple of weeks ago, the Open Group changed the license of Motif,
+inviting free software developers to use it. However, the new Motif
+license does not fit either the definition of free software, or the
+looser definition of open source software.</p>
+<p>
+Their announcement says they have released Motif to “the open
+source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>community”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>community,”</em></ins></span> but this is true
only in an unnatural
+interpretation of the words. They have not made Motif available
+within the free software community; instead, they have invited the
+people in the free software community to leave the community by using
+Motif.</p>
+<p>
+I've written to the Open Group about this, asking them to change the
+license. We can hope they will, but we can't assume it. In the
+present circumstances, we have to treat Motif the same way we treated
+it before: not available for us. Motif still cannot be part of a free
+operating system, and combining or linking someone else's GPL-covered
+code with Motif is still a violation of the GPL except in very special
+circumstances.</p>
+<p>
+Fortunately there is a free software alternative to Motif, called
+LessTif. Most programs that were written for Motif can use LessTif
+with no changes. Please support the free software community by using
+LessTif rather than Motif. Some finishing work still needs to be done
+on LessTif; to volunteer, contact <a href="mailto:lesstif@hungry.com">
+<lesstif@hungry.com></a>.</p>
+<p>
+Here are some of the problems of the Motif license:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>It claims that you accept the license merely by
+ “using” Motif. Only a shrink-wrap license or
+ something similar can do that, and shrink-wrap licenses are a
+ bad thing.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>The license is restricted to use on certain operating systems,
+ those which fit a category they call “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span>
+ Both the free software movement and the open source camp
+ consider use restrictions unacceptable.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Their definition of the term “open source” is very
+ different from the one used by the open source camp, thus
+ causing confusion.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+In the free software movement, we disagree with the philosophy and
+values of open source. (For more explanation, see
+<a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)
+But even though we do not support open source or advocate what it
+stands for, we think people should not misrepresent what it stands
+for. The facts of the situation are complex enough; confusing the
+issue is not welcome.</p>
+
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="LaterNote">Later</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="LaterNote"
class="footnote">Later</em></ins></span> Note</h3>
+
+<p>
+<em>In 2012, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://motif.ics.com/"></em></ins></span>
+Motif</a> was released under the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, version 2.1.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1997, 1998, 1999,
2007, 2008, 2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1997-1999, 2013, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/motif.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/motif.pl-diff.html
diff -N po/motif.pl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/motif.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/motif.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Motif License - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/motif.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Motif License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+A couple of weeks ago, the Open Group changed the license of Motif,
+inviting free software developers to use it. However, the new Motif
+license does not fit either the definition of free software, or the
+looser definition of open source software.</p>
+<p>
+Their announcement says they have released Motif to “the open
+source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>community”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>community,”</em></ins></span> but this is true
only in an unnatural
+interpretation of the words. They have not made Motif available
+within the free software community; instead, they have invited the
+people in the free software community to leave the community by using
+Motif.</p>
+<p>
+I've written to the Open Group about this, asking them to change the
+license. We can hope they will, but we can't assume it. In the
+present circumstances, we have to treat Motif the same way we treated
+it before: not available for us. Motif still cannot be part of a free
+operating system, and combining or linking someone else's GPL-covered
+code with Motif is still a violation of the GPL except in very special
+circumstances.</p>
+<p>
+Fortunately there is a free software alternative to Motif, called
+LessTif. Most programs that were written for Motif can use LessTif
+with no changes. Please support the free software community by using
+LessTif rather than Motif. Some finishing work still needs to be done
+on LessTif; to volunteer, contact <a href="mailto:lesstif@hungry.com">
+<lesstif@hungry.com></a>.</p>
+<p>
+Here are some of the problems of the Motif license:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>It claims that you accept the license merely by
+ “using” Motif. Only a shrink-wrap license or
+ something similar can do that, and shrink-wrap licenses are a
+ bad thing.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>The license is restricted to use on certain operating systems,
+ those which fit a category they call “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span>
+ Both the free software movement and the open source camp
+ consider use restrictions unacceptable.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Their definition of the term “open source” is very
+ different from the one used by the open source camp, thus
+ causing confusion.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+In the free software movement, we disagree with the philosophy and
+values of open source. (For more explanation, see
+<a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)
+But even though we do not support open source or advocate what it
+stands for, we think people should not misrepresent what it stands
+for. The facts of the situation are complex enough; confusing the
+issue is not welcome.</p>
+
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="LaterNote">Later</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="LaterNote"
class="footnote">Later</em></ins></span> Note</h3>
+
+<p>
+<em>In 2012, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://motif.ics.com/"></em></ins></span>
+Motif</a> was released under the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, version 2.1.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1997, 1998, 1999,
2007, 2008, 2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1997-1999, 2013, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html
diff -N po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/netscape-npl-old.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><title>Netscape</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>On the Netscape</em></ins></span> Public License <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>(Original Version)</em></ins></span>
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl-old.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>On the Netscape Public License (Original Version)</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<div <span class="removed"><del><strong>class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p>This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>class="infobox"><p>
+<em>This</em></ins></span> article was written March 10-12 1998, about
the
+draft of the NPL which was available at that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>time.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>time.</em></p></em></ins></span>
+</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" /></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+The Netscape Public License or NPL represents a serious attempt to
+design new free software distribution terms. It is an interesting
+attempt, but it has major flaws which need to be corrected. One flaw
+is so serious that we should regard it as making a program nonfree.
+The others have diverse consequences: one sends a bad philosophical
+message, while another creates a major practical problem for the free
+software community.</p>
+
+<p>
+The NPL is still a draft, and still being changed; the aim of this
+article is not to attack and condemn, but to encourage improvements in
+the NPL. If some of these problems have been corrected by the time
+you read this, so much the better, and we can put those obsolete
+issues aside.</p>
+
+<h3>1. Not all users are equal</h3>
+
+<p>
+The first problem I noticed in the NPL was that it does not give
+Netscape and the rest of us equal rights, as the GNU GPL does. Under
+the NPL, we can use Netscape's code only as specified in the NPL, but
+Netscape can use our changes in any way at all—even in
+proprietary licensed versions of the software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem here is subtle, because this does not make the program
+nonfree. It does not stop us from redistributing the program, or
+from changing it; it does not deny us any particular freedom.
+Considered from a purely pragmatic viewpoint, it may not look like a
+problem at all.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem lies in the deeper message embodied in this condition. It
+denies the idea of cooperation among equals that our community rests
+on, and says that working on a free program means contributing to a
+proprietary software product. Those who accept this condition are
+likely to be changed by it, and the change will not strengthen our
+community.</p>
+
+<p>
+One proposed solution for this asymmetry is to put a time limit on
+it—perhaps three or five years. That would be a big
+improvement, because the time limit would deny the problematical
+deeper message.</p>
+
+<p>
+The practical effects of this condition are minimized by another
+drawback of the NPL: it is not designed as a thorough copyleft. In
+other words, it does not try very hard to ensure that modifications
+made by users are available as free software.</p>
+
+<h3>2. Not a copyleft</h3>
+
+<p>
+The NPL has the form of a copyleft; it explicitly says that all
+modifications made by users must be released under the NPL. But this
+applies only to modifications to the existing code—not to added
+subroutines, if they are put in separate files. As a practical
+matter, this means it is easy to make proprietary changes if you want
+to: just put the bulk of your code into a separate file, and call the
+collection a Larger Work. Only the subroutine calls added to the old
+files will have to be released under the NPL, and they will not be
+very useful on their own.</p>
+
+<p>
+The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the
+software nonfree. For example, the XFree86 distribution terms do not
+try to use copyleft at all, yet XFree86 is free software nonetheless.
+BSD is also non-copylefted free software (although the BSD terms have
+a <a href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious drawback</a> and should not
+be imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free software,
+please use the XFree86 terms instead). Netscape software can also
+be <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">free software</a> without
+being copylefted.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, while this is not catastrophic, it is nonetheless a drawback.
+And because the NPL looks like a copyleft, some users may be confused
+about it, and might adopt the NPL, thinking that they are obtaining
+the benefits of copyleft for their software, when that is not the
+case. To avoid this outcome, we will need to work hard to educate
+people about an issue that is not easy to explain in a few words.</p>
+
+
+<h3>3. Not respecting privacy</h3>
+
+<p>
+The next problem in the NPL is a show-stopper: if you make a change,
+you are required to publish it. Private changes for your own use are
+not allowed; distributing a change only to a few friends is also
+forbidden.</p>
+
+<p>
+When we think about the issues of free software, we usually focus on
+the freedom to distribute and modify, because this is what software
+developers most often try to prevent. But the freedom NOT to
+distribute a copy, when you don't wish to, is also important. For
+example, the freedom to make a modification and not show it to anyone
+is part of what we call “privacy.” The freedom to
+distribute your modification to a few friends, but not show it to the
+general public (or not show it YET) is also essential. (Of course, if
+the program is free, your friends will be free to pass it on to others
+if they want to—but they will not be required to.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Correcting the NPL to respect this basic freedom is absolutely
+essential, and our community must insist firmly on this. It is not
+worth sacrificing a vital freedom for one additional program, no
+matter how useful and exciting it may be.</p>
+
+<h3>4. Not compatible with the GPL</h3>
+
+<p>
+There is one other serious problem in the NPL: it is incompatible with
+the GNU GPL. It is impossible to combine NPL-covered code and GNU
+GPL-covered code together in one program, not even by linking separate
+object files or libraries; no matter how this is done, it has to
+violate one license or the other.</p>
+
+<p>
+This conflict occurs because the GPL is serious about copyleft: it was
+designed to ensure that all changes and extensions to a free program
+must be free. So it does not leave a loophole for making changes
+proprietary by putting them into a separate file. To close this
+loophole, the GPL does not allow linking the copylefted program with
+code that has other restrictions or conditions—such as the
+NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+Being incompatible with the GPL does not make a program nonfree; it
+does not raise a basic ethical issue. But it is likely to create a
+serious problem for our community, dividing the code base into two
+collections that cannot be mixed. As a practical matter, this problem
+needs to be solved.</p>
+
+<p>
+Solving this by changing the GPL is possible, but that would entail
+abandoning copyleft—which would do more harm than good. But it
+is possible to solve this problem with a small change in the NPL.
+(See below for a specific way of doing this.)</p>
+
+<h3>5. A note about names</h3>
+
+<p>
+NPL stands for Netscape Public License, but GPL does not stand for GNU
+Public License. The full name of the our license is the GNU General
+Public License, abbreviated GNU GPL. Sometimes people leave out the
+word “GNU” and write just GPL.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusion</h3>
+
+<p>
+Since problems 3 and 4 are the most serious, I hope that people will
+politely and rationally explain to Netscape the importance of solving
+them. Solutions are available; they just have to decide to use them.
+There is talk that Netscape has decided to correct problem 3—but
+letting them know this is important to you can't do any harm. There
+is no word that they plan to correct problem 4.</p>
+
+<p>
+Here is a possible way to permit linking NPL-covered code and
+GPL-covered code together. It can be done by adding these two
+paragraphs to the NPL:</p>
+
+<pre>
+A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU
+ General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work
+ which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same
+ version of the GNU General Public License.
+
+A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a
+ version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public
+ License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions
+ of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these
+ portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or
+ that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.
+</pre>
+<p>
+This allows people to combine NPL-covered code with GPL-covered code,
+and to distribute the combined work under the terms of the GNU
+GPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+It permits people to release modifications to such combined works
+under the terms of the GNU GPL—but the easiest way to release
+them is under the NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+When people take advantage of A.2, their changes will be released only
+under the terms of the GNU GPL; so these changes would not be
+available for Netscape to use in proprietary versions. It makes sense
+that Netscape would see this as unfortunate.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the NPL gives proprietary software developers an easy way to
+make their changes entirely unavailable to Netscape—by putting
+their code into separate files and calling the combination a Larger
+Work. In fact, this is easier, for them, than A.2 is for GPL
+users.</p>
+
+<p>
+If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively)
+proprietary modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered
+modifications is a small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
+practical considerations will encourage most of the proprietary
+software world to release its changes back to Netscape, without being
+compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in the free software
+world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change is
+acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software
+developers with a serious dilemma.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2013,
2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html
diff -N po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/netscape-npl.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/netscape-npl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><title>Netscape</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>On the Netscape</em></ins></span> Public License
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape-npl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>On the Netscape Public License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<div <span class="removed"><del><strong>class="announcement">
+<blockquote><p>
+(The</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="infobox"
style="font-style: italic"><p>
+The</em></ins></span> <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
original version</a>
+of this article was written in March 1998 about a draft of the NPL.
+Our first article on the subject was
+<a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape is considering making
+the Netscape browser free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software</a>.)</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" /></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+The Netscape Public License, or NPL, as it was ultimately designed in
+1998, is a free software license—but it has three major flaws.
+One flaw sends a bad philosophical message, another puts the free
+software community in a weak position, while the third creates a major
+practical problem within the free software community. Two of the
+flaws apply to the Mozilla Public License as well. Because of these
+flaws, we urge that you not use the NPL or the MPL for your free
+software.</p>
+
+<h3>1. Not all users are equal</h3>
+
+<p>
+The first problem I noticed in the NPL was that it does not give
+Netscape and the rest of us equal rights, as the GNU GPL does. Under
+the NPL, we can use Netscape's code only as specified in the NPL, but
+Netscape can use our changes in any way at all—even in
+proprietary licensed versions of the software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem here is subtle, because this does not make the program
+nonfree. It does not stop us from redistributing the program, or
+from changing it; it does not deny us any particular freedom.
+Considered from a purely pragmatic viewpoint, it may not look like a
+problem at all.</p>
+
+<p>
+The problem lies in the deeper message embodied in this condition. It
+denies the idea of cooperation among equals that our community rests
+on, and says that working on a free program means contributing to a
+proprietary software product. Those who accept this condition are
+likely to be changed by it, and the change will not strengthen our
+community.</p>
+
+<p>
+One proposed solution for this asymmetry is to put a time limit on
+it—perhaps three or five years. That would be a big improvement,
+because the time limit would deny the problematical deeper message.</p>
+
+<p>
+The practical effects of this condition are minimized by another
+drawback of the NPL: it is not designed as a thorough copyleft. In
+other words, it does not try very hard to ensure that modifications
+made by users are available as free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The MPL (Mozilla Public License) does <em>not</em> have this
problem.
+That is the principal difference between the MPL and the NPL.</p>
+
+<h3>2. Not a copyleft</h3>
+
+<p>
+The NPL has the form of a copyleft; it explicitly says that all
+modifications made by users must be released under the NPL. But this
+applies only to modifications to the existing code—not to added
+subroutines, if they are put in separate files. As a practical
+matter, this means it is easy to make proprietary changes if you want
+to: just put the bulk of your code into a separate file, and call the
+collection a Larger Work. Only the subroutine calls added to the old
+files will have to be released under the NPL, and they will not be
+very useful on their own.</p>
+
+<p>
+The lack of real copyleft is not a catastrophe; it does not make the
+software nonfree. For example, the X.org distribution terms do not
+try to use copyleft at all, yet X.org is free software nonetheless.
+BSD is also non-copylefted free software (although the older BSD terms
+have a <a href="/licenses/bsd.html">serious drawback</a> and should
+not be imitated—if you want to release non-copylefted free
+software, please use the X.org terms instead). NPL-covered software
+is also <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">free software</a>
+without being copylefted, and this by itself does not make the NPL
+worse than other non-copyleft free software license.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, while this is not catastrophic, it is nonetheless a drawback.
+And because the NPL looks like a copyleft, some users may be confused
+about it, and might adopt the NPL, thinking that they are obtaining
+the benefits of copyleft for their software, when that is not the
+case. To avoid this outcome, we will need to work hard to educate
+people about an issue that is not easy to explain in a few words.</p>
+
+<h3>3. Not compatible with the GPL</h3>
+
+<p>
+The most serious practical problem in the NPL is that it is
+incompatible with the GNU GPL. It is impossible to combine
+NPL-covered code and GNU GPL-covered code together in one program, not
+even by linking separate object files or libraries; no matter how this
+is done, it has to violate one license or the other.</p>
+
+<p>
+This conflict occurs because the GPL is serious about copyleft: it was
+designed to ensure that all changes and extensions to a free program
+must be free. So it does not leave a loophole for making changes
+proprietary by putting them into a separate file. To close this
+loophole, the GPL does not allow linking the copylefted program with
+code that has other restrictions or conditions—such as the
+NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+Being incompatible with the GPL does not make a program nonfree; it
+does not raise a fundamental ethical issue. But it is likely to
+create a serious problem for the free software community, dividing the
+code base into two collections that cannot be mixed. As a practical
+matter, this problem is very important.</p>
+
+<p>
+Solving this by changing the GPL is possible, but that would entail
+abandoning copyleft—which would do more harm than good. But it
+is possible to solve this problem with a small change in the NPL.
+(See below for a specific way of doing this.)</p>
+
+<h3>4. A note about names</h3>
+<p>
+NPL stands for Netscape Public License, but GPL does not stand for GNU
+Public License. The full name of our license is the GNU General
+Public License, abbreviated GNU GPL. Sometimes people leave out the
+word “GNU” and write just GPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+(This is not a problem, just a fact that you should know.)</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusion</h3>
+
+<p>
+Since problem 3 is the most serious, I hope that people will politely
+and rationally explain to Netscape the importance of solving it.
+Solutions are available; they just have to decide to use them.</p>
+
+<p>
+Here is a possible way to permit linking NPL-covered code and
+GPL-covered code together. It can be done by adding these two
+paragraphs to the NPL:</p>
+
+<pre>
+A.1. You may distribute a Covered Work under the terms of the GNU
+ General Public License, version 2 or newer, as published by the
+ Free Software Foundation, when it is included in a Larger Work
+ which is as a whole distributed under the terms of the same
+ version of the GNU General Public License.
+
+A.2. If you have received a copy of a Larger Work under the terms of a
+ version or a choice of versions of the GNU General Public
+ License, and you make modifications to some NPL-covered portions
+ of this Larger Work, you have the option of altering these
+ portions to say that their distribution terms are that version or
+ that choice of versions of GNU General Public License.
+</pre>
+<p>
+This allows people to combine NPL-covered code with GPL-covered code,
+and to distribute the combined work under the terms of the GNU GPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+It permits people to release modifications to such combined works
+under the terms of the GNU GPL—but the easiest way to release
+them is under the NPL.</p>
+
+<p>
+When people take advantage of A.2, their changes will be released only
+under the terms of the GNU GPL; so these changes would not be
+available for Netscape to use in proprietary versions. It makes sense
+that Netscape would see this as unfortunate.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the NPL gives proprietary software developers an easy way to
+make their changes entirely unavailable to Netscape—by putting
+their code into separate files and calling the combination a Larger
+Work. In fact, this is easier, for them, than A.2 is for GPL
+users.</p>
+
+<p>
+If Netscape feels it can live with the trouble of (effectively)
+proprietary modifications, surely the trouble of GPL-covered
+modifications is <span class="removed"><del><strong>a</strong></del></span>
small by comparison. If Netscape believes that
+practical considerations will encourage most of the proprietary
+software world to release its changes back to Netscape, without being
+compelled to, the same reasons ought to apply in the free software
+world as well. Netscape should recognize that this change is
+acceptable, and adopt it, to avoid confronting free software
+developers with a serious dilemma.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003, 2007,
2013, 2015</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>1999,
2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/plan-nine.id-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/plan-nine.id-diff.html
diff -N po/plan-nine.id-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/plan-nine.id-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/plan-nine.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Problems of the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>(Earlier)</em></ins></span> Plan 9 License
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox"></em></ins></span>
+<p><em>Note:</em> This applies to the earlier license used
for Plan 9.
+The current license of Plan 9 does qualify as free software (and also
+as open source). So this article's specific example is of historical
+relevance only. Nonetheless, the general point remains valid.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+
+<p>
+When I saw the announcement that the Plan 9 software had been released
+as “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> I wondered whether
it might be free
+software as well. After studying the license, my conclusion was that
+it is not free; the license contains several restrictions that are
+totally unacceptable for the Free Software Movement. (See
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+I am not a supporter of the Open Source Movement, but I was glad when
+one of their leaders told me they don't consider the license
+acceptable either. When the developers of Plan 9 describe it as
+“open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> they are altering
the meaning of that term
+and thus spreading confusion. (The term “open source” is
+widely misunderstood;
+see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Here is a list of the problems that I found in the Plan 9 license.
+Some provisions restrict the Plan 9 software so that it is clearly
+nonfree; others are just extremely obnoxious.</p>
+
+<p>
+First, here are the provisions that make the software nonfree.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ You agree to provide the Original Contributor, at its request, with a
+ copy of the complete Source Code version, Object Code version and
+ related documentation for Modifications created or contributed to by
+ You if used for any purpose.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This prohibits modifications for private use, denying the users a
+basic right.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ and may, at Your option, include a reasonable charge for the cost
+ of any media.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seems to limit the price that may be charged for an initial
+distribution, prohibiting selling copies for a profit.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ Distribution of Licensed Software to third parties pursuant to this
+ grant shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as set
+ forth in this Agreement,
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seems to say that when you redistribute you must insist on a contract
+with the recipients, just as Lucent demands when you download it.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ 1. The licenses and rights granted under this Agreement shall
+ terminate automatically if (i) You fail to comply with all of the
+ terms and conditions herein; or (ii) You initiate or participate
+ in any intellectual property action against Original Contributor
+ and/or another Contributor.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seemed reasonable to me at first glance, but later I realized
+that it goes too far. A retaliation clause like this would be
+legitimate if it were limited to patents, but this one is not. It
+would mean that if Lucent or some other contributor violates the
+license of your GPL-covered free software package, and you try to
+enforce that license, you would lose the right to use the Plan 9
code.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ You agree that, if you export or
+ re-export the Licensed Software or any modifications to it, You are
+ responsible for compliance with the United States Export
+ Administration Regulations and hereby indemnify the Original
+ Contributor and all other Contributors for any liability incurred as a
+ result.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+It is unacceptable for a license to require compliance with US export
+control regulations. Laws being what they are, these regulations
+apply <em>in certain situations</em> regardless of whether they
are mentioned
+in a license; however, requiring them as a license condition can
+extend their reach to people and activities outside the US
+government's jurisdiction, and that is definitely wrong.</p>
+<p>
+A part of the distribution is covered by a further unacceptable
+restriction:</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+2.2 No right is granted to Licensee to create derivative works of or
+ to redistribute (other than with the Original Software or a derivative
+ thereof) the screen imprinter fonts identified in subdirectory
+ /lib/font/bit/lucida and printer fonts (Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida
+ Sans Italic, Lucida Sans Demibold, Lucida Typewriter, Lucida Sans
+ Typewriter83), identified in subdirectory /sys/lib/postscript/font.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+One part of this collection is free—the Ghostscript fonts that
+are covered by the GNU GPL. All the rest does not even come
+close.</p>
+<p>
+Aside from those fatal flaws, the license has other obnoxious
+provisions:</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ …As such, if You or any Contributor include Licensed
+ Software in a commercial offering (“Commercial
+ Contributor”), such Commercial Contributor agrees to defend
+ and indemnify Original Contributor and all other Contributors
+ (collectively “Indemnified Contributors”)
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+Requiring indemnities from users is quite obnoxious.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ Contributors shall have unrestricted, nonexclusive, worldwide,
+ perpetual, royalty-free rights, to use, reproduce, modify, display,
+ perform, sublicense and distribute Your Modifications, and to grant
+ third parties the right to do so, including without limitation as a
+ part of or with the Licensed Software;
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This is a variant of
+the <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">NPL</a>
+asymmetry: you get limited rights to use their code, but they get
+unlimited rights to use your changes. While this does not by itself
+disqualify the license as a free software license (if the other
+problems were corrected), it is unfortunate.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2000, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html
diff -N po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/plan-nine.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/plan-nine.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Problems of the <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>(Earlier)</em></ins></span> Plan 9 License
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox"></em></ins></span>
+<p><em>Note:</em> This applies to the earlier license used
for Plan 9.
+The current license of Plan 9 does qualify as free software (and also
+as open source). So this article's specific example is of historical
+relevance only. Nonetheless, the general point remains valid.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+
+<p>
+When I saw the announcement that the Plan 9 software had been released
+as “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> I wondered whether
it might be free
+software as well. After studying the license, my conclusion was that
+it is not free; the license contains several restrictions that are
+totally unacceptable for the Free Software Movement. (See
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+I am not a supporter of the Open Source Movement, but I was glad when
+one of their leaders told me they don't consider the license
+acceptable either. When the developers of Plan 9 describe it as
+“open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source,”</em></ins></span> they are altering
the meaning of that term
+and thus spreading confusion. (The term “open source” is
+widely misunderstood;
+see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Here is a list of the problems that I found in the Plan 9 license.
+Some provisions restrict the Plan 9 software so that it is clearly
+nonfree; others are just extremely obnoxious.</p>
+
+<p>
+First, here are the provisions that make the software nonfree.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ You agree to provide the Original Contributor, at its request, with a
+ copy of the complete Source Code version, Object Code version and
+ related documentation for Modifications created or contributed to by
+ You if used for any purpose.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This prohibits modifications for private use, denying the users a
+basic right.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ and may, at Your option, include a reasonable charge for the cost
+ of any media.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seems to limit the price that may be charged for an initial
+distribution, prohibiting selling copies for a profit.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ Distribution of Licensed Software to third parties pursuant to this
+ grant shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as set
+ forth in this Agreement,
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seems to say that when you redistribute you must insist on a contract
+with the recipients, just as Lucent demands when you download it.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ 1. The licenses and rights granted under this Agreement shall
+ terminate automatically if (i) You fail to comply with all of the
+ terms and conditions herein; or (ii) You initiate or participate
+ in any intellectual property action against Original Contributor
+ and/or another Contributor.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This seemed reasonable to me at first glance, but later I realized
+that it goes too far. A retaliation clause like this would be
+legitimate if it were limited to patents, but this one is not. It
+would mean that if Lucent or some other contributor violates the
+license of your GPL-covered free software package, and you try to
+enforce that license, you would lose the right to use the Plan 9
code.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ You agree that, if you export or
+ re-export the Licensed Software or any modifications to it, You are
+ responsible for compliance with the United States Export
+ Administration Regulations and hereby indemnify the Original
+ Contributor and all other Contributors for any liability incurred as a
+ result.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+It is unacceptable for a license to require compliance with US export
+control regulations. Laws being what they are, these regulations
+apply <em>in certain situations</em> regardless of whether they
are mentioned
+in a license; however, requiring them as a license condition can
+extend their reach to people and activities outside the US
+government's jurisdiction, and that is definitely wrong.</p>
+<p>
+A part of the distribution is covered by a further unacceptable
+restriction:</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+2.2 No right is granted to Licensee to create derivative works of or
+ to redistribute (other than with the Original Software or a derivative
+ thereof) the screen imprinter fonts identified in subdirectory
+ /lib/font/bit/lucida and printer fonts (Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida
+ Sans Italic, Lucida Sans Demibold, Lucida Typewriter, Lucida Sans
+ Typewriter83), identified in subdirectory /sys/lib/postscript/font.
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+One part of this collection is free—the Ghostscript fonts that
+are covered by the GNU GPL. All the rest does not even come
+close.</p>
+<p>
+Aside from those fatal flaws, the license has other obnoxious
+provisions:</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ …As such, if You or any Contributor include Licensed
+ Software in a commercial offering (“Commercial
+ Contributor”), such Commercial Contributor agrees to defend
+ and indemnify Original Contributor and all other Contributors
+ (collectively “Indemnified Contributors”)
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+Requiring indemnities from users is quite obnoxious.</p>
+<p>
+<strong>
+ Contributors shall have unrestricted, nonexclusive, worldwide,
+ perpetual, royalty-free rights, to use, reproduce, modify, display,
+ perform, sublicense and distribute Your Modifications, and to grant
+ third parties the right to do so, including without limitation as a
+ part of or with the Licensed Software;
+</strong></p>
+<p>
+This is a variant of
+the <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">NPL</a>
+asymmetry: you get limited rights to use their code, but they get
+unlimited rights to use your changes. While this does not by itself
+disqualify the license as a free software license (if the other
+problems were corrected), it is unfortunate.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2000, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:54 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html
diff -N po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/pragmatic.ja-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/pragmatic.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
+goals. People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit,
+love, survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a
+good person might have. When the goal is a matter of principle, we
+call that idealism.</p>
+
+<p>
+My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading
+freedom and cooperation. I want
+to <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">encourage free software to
+spread</a>, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation,
+and thus make our society better.</p>
+<p>
+That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
+the way it is—as a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html"></em></ins></span>
copyleft</a>.
+All code added to a GPL-covered program
+must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
+my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
+proprietary software, in order to encourage other people who write
+software to make it free as well. I figure that since proprietary
+software developers use copyright to stop us from sharing, we
+cooperators can use copyright to give other cooperators an advantage
+of their own: they can use our code.</p>
+<p>
+Not everyone who uses the GNU GPL has this goal. Many years ago, a
+friend of mine was asked to rerelease a copylefted program under
+noncopyleft terms, and he responded more or less like this:</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“Sometimes I work on free software, and
+sometimes I work on proprietary software—but when I work on
+proprietary software, I expect to get <em>paid</em>.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+He was willing to share his work with a community that shares
+software, but saw no reason to give a handout to a business making
+products that would be off-limits to our community. His goal was
+different from mine, but he decided that the GNU GPL was useful for
+his goal too.</p>
+<p>
+If you want to accomplish something in the world, idealism is not
+enough—you need to choose a method that works to achieve the
+goal. In other words, you need to be “pragmatic.” Is the
+GPL pragmatic? Let's look at its results.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU C++. Why do we have a free C++ compiler? Only because
+the GNU GPL said it had to be free. GNU C++ was developed by an
+industry consortium, MCC, starting from the GNU C compiler. MCC
+normally makes its work as proprietary as can be. But they made the
+C++ front end free software, because the GNU GPL said that was the
+only way they could release it. The C++ front end included many new
+files, but since they were meant to be linked with GCC, the GPL
+did apply to them. The benefit to our community is evident.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU Objective C. NeXT initially wanted to make this front
+end proprietary; they proposed to release it as <samp>.o</samp>
files,
+and let users link them with the rest of GCC, thinking this might be a
+way around the GPL's requirements. But our lawyer said that this
+would not evade the requirements, that it was not allowed. And so
+they made the Objective C front end free software.</p>
+<p>
+Those examples happened years ago, but the GNU GPL continues
+to bring us more free software.</p>
+<p>
+Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, but not all. One GNU library which is covered by the
+ordinary GNU GPL is Readline, which implements command-line editing.
+I once found out about a nonfree program which was designed
+to use Readline, and told the developer this was not allowed. He
+could have taken command-line editing out of the program, but what he
+actually did was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is free
software.</p>
+<p>
+The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or
+Linux, or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or
+universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to
+the community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say,
+“Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to
+share it; we have decided to turn your improved version into a
+proprietary software product.”</p>
+<p>
+Here the GNU GPL comes to the rescue. The programmer shows the boss
+that this proprietary software product would be copyright
+infringement, and the boss realizes that he has only two choices:
+release the new code as free software, or not at all. Almost always
+he lets the programmer do as he intended all along, and the code goes
+into the next release.</p>
+<p>
+The GNU GPL is not Mr. Nice Guy. It says no to some of
+the things that people sometimes want to do. There are users who say
+that this is a bad thing—that the GPL “excludes”
+some proprietary software developers who “need to be brought
+into the free software community.”</p>
+<p>
+But we are not excluding them from our community; they are choosing
+not to enter. Their decision to make software proprietary is a
+decision to stay out of our community. Being in our community means
+joining in cooperation with us; we cannot “bring them into our
+community” if they don't want to join.</p>
+<p>
+What we <em>can</em> do is offer them an inducement to join. The
GNU
+GPL is designed to make an inducement from our existing software:
+“If you will make your software free, you can use this
+code.” Of course, it won't win 'em all, but it wins some of the
+time.</p>
+<p>
+Proprietary software development does not contribute to our community,
+but its developers often want handouts from us. Free software users
+can offer free software developers strokes for the
+ego—recognition and gratitude—but it can be very tempting
+when a business tells you, “Just let us put your package in our
+proprietary program, and your program will be used by many thousands
+of people!” The temptation can be powerful, but in the long run
+we are all better off if we resist it.</p>
+<p>
+The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come
+indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a
+policy of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its
+successor, the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that
+made proprietary software, they strived for a decade to persuade
+programmers not to use copyleft. When the Open Group tried to
+<a href="/philosophy/x.html">make X11R6.4 nonfree software</a>,
those
+of us who had resisted that pressure were glad that we did.</p>
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thank you, Open Group—but this subsequent
+reversal does not invalidate the conclusions we draw from the fact
+that adding the restrictions was <em>possible</em>.</p>
+<p>
+Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will
+strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind
+on the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you
+will find the strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you
+will fall for anything.”</p>
+<p>
+And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if
+“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
+ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2003,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.ca-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.id-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.it-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.pl-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html
diff -N po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/using-gfdl.zh-tw-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/using-gfdl.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>book”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>book.”</em></ins></span> So when your friend
mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)</em></ins></span>
Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="column-limit"
/></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and
Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1999, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html
diff -N po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/why-copyleft.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/why-copyleft.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Why Copyleft?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+<cite>“When</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="important">
+<p><em>When</em></ins></span> it comes to defending <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of others,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>humility.”</cite>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>humility.</em></p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
+use <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like
GNU
+GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
+don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
+we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
+advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
+the <abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In one such argument, a person stated that his use of one of the BSD
+licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
+those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
+stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“humility”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“humility,”</em></ins></span> but
there is a deeper point to be considered
+here.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Humility is disregarding your own self-interest, but the interest you
+abandon when you don't copyleft your code is much bigger than your
+own. Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is denying
+freedom to others, so if you allow that, you're failing to defend
+those people's freedom. When it comes to defending everyone's
+freedom, to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
+humility.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Releasing your code under <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> one of the BSD
+licenses</a>, or some other lax, permissive license, is not doing
+wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
+our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
+way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
+that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Those who released LLVM under a non-copyleft
+license <a
href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/5238/nvidia-releases-cuda-41-cuda-goes-llvm-and-open-source-kind-of">enabled
+nVidia to release a high-quality nonfree compiler</a> for its GPUs,
+while keeping its instruction set secret. Thus, we can't write a free
+compiler for that platform without a big reverse engineering job. The
+nonfree adaptation of LLVM is the only compiler for those machines,
+and is likely to remain so.</li>
+
+<li>Intel uses
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</em></ins></span>
+proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
+copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
+processors.</li>
+</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2003, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2008,
2013,</strong></del></span> 2017, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2018,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html
diff -N po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/why-copyleft.uk-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/why-copyleft.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Why Copyleft?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+<cite>“When</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="important">
+<p><em>When</em></ins></span> it comes to defending <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of others,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>humility.”</cite>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>humility.</em></p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
+use <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like
GNU
+GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
+don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
+we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
+advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
+the <abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In one such argument, a person stated that his use of one of the BSD
+licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
+those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
+stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“humility”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“humility,”</em></ins></span> but
there is a deeper point to be considered
+here.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Humility is disregarding your own self-interest, but the interest you
+abandon when you don't copyleft your code is much bigger than your
+own. Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is denying
+freedom to others, so if you allow that, you're failing to defend
+those people's freedom. When it comes to defending everyone's
+freedom, to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
+humility.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Releasing your code under <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> one of the BSD
+licenses</a>, or some other lax, permissive license, is not doing
+wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
+our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
+way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
+that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Those who released LLVM under a non-copyleft
+license <a
href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/5238/nvidia-releases-cuda-41-cuda-goes-llvm-and-open-source-kind-of">enabled
+nVidia to release a high-quality nonfree compiler</a> for its GPUs,
+while keeping its instruction set secret. Thus, we can't write a free
+compiler for that platform without a big reverse engineering job. The
+nonfree adaptation of LLVM is the only compiler for those machines,
+and is likely to remain so.</li>
+
+<li>Intel uses
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</em></ins></span>
+proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
+copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
+processors.</li>
+</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2003, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2008,
2013,</strong></del></span> 2017, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2018,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html
diff -N po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/why-copyleft.zh-tw-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/why-copyleft.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Why Copyleft?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+<cite>“When</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="important">
+<p><em>When</em></ins></span> it comes to defending <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the freedom of others,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everyone's freedom,</em></ins></span> to lie
+down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>humility.”</cite>
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>humility.</em></p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU Project we usually recommend people
+use <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> licenses like
GNU
+GPL, rather than permissive non-copyleft free software licenses. We
+don't argue harshly against the non-copyleft licenses—in fact,
+we occasionally recommend them in special circumstances—but the
+advocates of those licenses show a pattern of arguing harshly against
+the <abbr title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In one such argument, a person stated that his use of one of the BSD
+licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
+those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
+stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“humility”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“humility,”</em></ins></span> but
there is a deeper point to be considered
+here.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Humility is disregarding your own self-interest, but the interest you
+abandon when you don't copyleft your code is much bigger than your
+own. Someone who uses your code in a nonfree program is denying
+freedom to others, so if you allow that, you're failing to defend
+those people's freedom. When it comes to defending everyone's
+freedom, to lie down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not
+humility.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Releasing your code under <a href="/licenses/bsd.html"> one of the BSD
+licenses</a>, or some other lax, permissive license, is not doing
+wrong; the program is still free software, and still a contribution to
+our community. But it is weak, and in most cases it is not the best
+way to promote users' freedom to share and change software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Here are specific examples of nonfree versions of free programs
+that have done major harm to the free world.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Those who released LLVM under a non-copyleft
+license <a
href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/5238/nvidia-releases-cuda-41-cuda-goes-llvm-and-open-source-kind-of">enabled
+nVidia to release a high-quality nonfree compiler</a> for its GPUs,
+while keeping its instruction set secret. Thus, we can't write a free
+compiler for that platform without a big reverse engineering job. The
+nonfree adaptation of LLVM is the only compiler for those machines,
+and is likely to remain so.</li>
+
+<li>Intel uses
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html">a</em></ins></span>
+proprietary version of the MINIX system</a>, which is free but not
+copylefted, in the Management Engine back door in its modern
+processors.</li>
+</ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2003, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007, 2008,
2013,</strong></del></span> 2017, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2018,
2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/x.de-diff.html
diff -N po/x.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/x.de-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/x.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The X Window System Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description"
+ content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
+
+<p>
+To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
+controversies in the free software community. The idea of copyleft is
+that we should fight fire with fire—that we should use copyright
+to make sure our code stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU
+GPL) is one example of a copyleft license.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
+Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
+of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
+use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
+licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
+actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute software. For
+that, we need copyleft.</p>
+
+<p>
+For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft.
+It exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software
+developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by
+suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through
+its rule that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as
+popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X
+Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the
+driver's seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help
+them get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They
+wanted free software developers to donate their work for such use. If
+they had asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the
+X Consortium, fronting for them, could present this request as an
+unselfish one. “Join us in donating our work to proprietary software
+developers,” they said, suggesting that this is a noble form of
+self-sacrifice. “Join us in achieving popularity,” they said,
+suggesting that it was not even a sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>
+But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that
+copyleft provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community,
+is sacrificing more than yourself. Those who granted the X
+Consortium's request entrusted the community's future to the goodwill
+of the X Consortium.</p>
+
+<p>
+This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a
+plan to restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not
+be free software. They decided to start saying no, not only to
+proprietary software developers, but to our community as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked
+you not to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to
+license and restrict its version of your program, along with the
+code for the core of X.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down
+and transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now
+carrying out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them
+to release X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned
+restrictive license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They
+were firmly against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.)
+Before they said yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for
+another reason: the XFree86 group followed the X Consortium's old
+policy, and will not accept copylefted software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did
+what was right, but that does not alter the general issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to
+restrict X, someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software
+is vulnerable from all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree
+version dominant, if he will invest sufficient resources to add
+significantly important features using proprietary code. Users who
+choose software based on technical characteristics, rather than on
+freedom, could easily be lured to the nonfree version for short-term
+convenience.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by
+saying that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide
+to copyleft your X-related software.</p>
+
+<p>
+When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server,
+Xlib, and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The
+X.org group does an important job for the community in maintaining
+these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
+less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
+work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
+core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
+the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The issue is different for programs outside the core of X:
+applications, window managers, and additional libraries and widgets.
+There is no reason not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them.</p>
+
+<p>
+In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for
+inclusion in the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to
+publicize copylefted packages that work with X. If you would like to
+copyleft something, and you worry that its omission from the X
+distribution will impede its popularity, please ask us to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for
+popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more
+popularity,” he may try to convince you that his use of your
+program is crucial to its success. Don't believe it! If your program
+is good, it will find many users anyway; you don't need to feel
+desperate for any particular users, and you will be stronger if you do
+not. You can get an indescribable sense of joy and freedom by
+responding, “Take it or leave it—that's no skin off my
+back.” Often the businessman will turn around and accept the
+program with copyleft, once you call the bluff.</p>
+
+<p>
+Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we
+do not copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone
+equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
+defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
+community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.ja-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/x.ja-diff.html
diff -N po/x.ja-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/x.ja-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/x.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The X Window System Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description"
+ content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
+
+<p>
+To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
+controversies in the free software community. The idea of copyleft is
+that we should fight fire with fire—that we should use copyright
+to make sure our code stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU
+GPL) is one example of a copyleft license.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
+Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
+of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
+use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
+licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
+actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute software. For
+that, we need copyleft.</p>
+
+<p>
+For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft.
+It exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software
+developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by
+suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through
+its rule that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as
+popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X
+Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the
+driver's seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help
+them get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They
+wanted free software developers to donate their work for such use. If
+they had asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the
+X Consortium, fronting for them, could present this request as an
+unselfish one. “Join us in donating our work to proprietary software
+developers,” they said, suggesting that this is a noble form of
+self-sacrifice. “Join us in achieving popularity,” they said,
+suggesting that it was not even a sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>
+But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that
+copyleft provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community,
+is sacrificing more than yourself. Those who granted the X
+Consortium's request entrusted the community's future to the goodwill
+of the X Consortium.</p>
+
+<p>
+This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a
+plan to restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not
+be free software. They decided to start saying no, not only to
+proprietary software developers, but to our community as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked
+you not to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to
+license and restrict its version of your program, along with the
+code for the core of X.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down
+and transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now
+carrying out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them
+to release X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned
+restrictive license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They
+were firmly against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.)
+Before they said yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for
+another reason: the XFree86 group followed the X Consortium's old
+policy, and will not accept copylefted software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did
+what was right, but that does not alter the general issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to
+restrict X, someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software
+is vulnerable from all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree
+version dominant, if he will invest sufficient resources to add
+significantly important features using proprietary code. Users who
+choose software based on technical characteristics, rather than on
+freedom, could easily be lured to the nonfree version for short-term
+convenience.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by
+saying that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide
+to copyleft your X-related software.</p>
+
+<p>
+When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server,
+Xlib, and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The
+X.org group does an important job for the community in maintaining
+these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
+less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
+work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
+core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
+the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The issue is different for programs outside the core of X:
+applications, window managers, and additional libraries and widgets.
+There is no reason not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them.</p>
+
+<p>
+In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for
+inclusion in the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to
+publicize copylefted packages that work with X. If you would like to
+copyleft something, and you worry that its omission from the X
+distribution will impede its popularity, please ask us to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for
+popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more
+popularity,” he may try to convince you that his use of your
+program is crucial to its success. Don't believe it! If your program
+is good, it will find many users anyway; you don't need to feel
+desperate for any particular users, and you will be stronger if you do
+not. You can get an indescribable sense of joy and freedom by
+responding, “Take it or leave it—that's no skin off my
+back.” Often the businessman will turn around and accept the
+program with copyleft, once you call the bluff.</p>
+
+<p>
+Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we
+do not copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone
+equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
+defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
+community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/x.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/x.zh-tw-diff.html
diff -N po/x.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/x.zh-tw-diff.html 19 Sep 2021 18:33:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/x.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The X Window System Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman,
rms, free software movement" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description"
+ content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to
develop a free operating system." />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/x.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The X Window System Trap</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></strong></del></span>
+
+<p>
+To copyleft or not to copyleft? That is one of the major
+controversies in the free software community. The idea of copyleft is
+that we should fight fire with fire—that we should use copyright
+to make sure our code stays free. The GNU General Public License (GNU
+GPL) is one example of a copyleft license.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers prefer noncopyleft distribution.
+Noncopyleft licenses such as the XFree86 and
+<a href="/licenses/bsd.html">BSD</a> licenses are based on the idea
+of never saying no to anyone—not even to someone who seeks to
+use your work as the basis for restricting other people. Noncopyleft
+licensing does nothing wrong, but it misses the opportunity to
+actively protect our freedom to change and redistribute software. For
+that, we need copyleft.</p>
+
+<p>
+For many years, the X Consortium was the chief opponent of copyleft.
+It exerted both moral suasion and pressure to discourage free software
+developers from copylefting their programs. It used moral suasion by
+suggesting that it is not nice to say no. It used pressure through
+its rule that copylefted software could not be in the X Distribution.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why did the X Consortium adopt this policy? It had to do with their
+conception of success. The X Consortium defined success as
+popularity—specifically, getting computer companies to use the X
+Window System. This definition put the computer companies in the
+driver's seat: whatever they wanted, the X Consortium had to help
+them get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Computer companies normally distribute proprietary software. They
+wanted free software developers to donate their work for such use. If
+they had asked for this directly, people would have laughed. But the
+X Consortium, fronting for them, could present this request as an
+unselfish one. “Join us in donating our work to proprietary software
+developers,” they said, suggesting that this is a noble form of
+self-sacrifice. “Join us in achieving popularity,” they said,
+suggesting that it was not even a sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>
+But self-sacrifice is not the issue: tossing away the defense that
+copyleft provides, which protects the freedom of the whole community,
+is sacrificing more than yourself. Those who granted the X
+Consortium's request entrusted the community's future to the goodwill
+of the X Consortium.</p>
+
+<p>
+This trust was misplaced. In its last year, the X Consortium made a
+plan to restrict the forthcoming X11R6.4 release so that it would not
+be free software. They decided to start saying no, not only to
+proprietary software developers, but to our community as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+There is an irony here. If you said yes when the X Consortium asked
+you not to use copyleft, you put the X Consortium in a position to
+license and restrict its version of your program, along with the
+code for the core of X.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium did not carry out this plan. Instead it closed down
+and transferred X development to the Open Group, whose staff are now
+carrying out a similar plan. To give them credit, when I asked them
+to release X11R6.4 under the GNU GPL in parallel with their planned
+restrictive license, they were willing to consider the idea. (They
+were firmly against staying with the old X11 distribution terms.)
+Before they said yes or no to this proposal, it had already failed for
+another reason: the XFree86 group followed the X Consortium's old
+policy, and will not accept copylefted software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thus, the Open Group therefore eventually did
+what was right, but that does not alter the general issue.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if the X Consortium and the Open Group had never planned to
+restrict X, someone else could have done it. Noncopylefted software
+is vulnerable from all directions; it lets anyone make a nonfree
+version dominant, if he will invest sufficient resources to add
+significantly important features using proprietary code. Users who
+choose software based on technical characteristics, rather than on
+freedom, could easily be lured to the nonfree version for short-term
+convenience.</p>
+
+<p>
+The X Consortium and Open Group can no longer exert moral suasion by
+saying that it is wrong to say no. This will make it easier to decide
+to copyleft your X-related software.</p>
+
+<p>
+When you work on the core of X, on programs such as the X server,
+Xlib, and Xt, there is a practical reason not to use copyleft. The
+X.org group does an important job for the community in maintaining
+these programs, and the benefit of copylefting our changes would be
+less than the harm done by a fork in development. So it is better to
+work with them, and not copyleft our changes on these programs.
+Likewise for utilities such as <code>xset</code> and
<code>xrdb</code>,
+which are close to the
+core of X and do not need major improvements. At least we know that
+the X.org group has a firm commitment to developing these programs as
+free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+The issue is different for programs outside the core of X:
+applications, window managers, and additional libraries and widgets.
+There is no reason not to copyleft them, and we should copyleft them.</p>
+
+<p>
+In case anyone feels the pressure exerted by the criteria for
+inclusion in the X distributions, the GNU Project will undertake to
+publicize copylefted packages that work with X. If you would like to
+copyleft something, and you worry that its omission from the X
+distribution will impede its popularity, please ask us to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+At the same time, it is better if we do not feel too much need for
+popularity. When a businessman tempts you with “more
+popularity,” he may try to convince you that his use of your
+program is crucial to its success. Don't believe it! If your program
+is good, it will find many users anyway; you don't need to feel
+desperate for any particular users, and you will be stronger if you do
+not. You can get an indescribable sense of joy and freedom by
+responding, “Take it or leave it—that's no skin off my
+back.” Often the businessman will turn around and accept the
+program with copyleft, once you call the bluff.</p>
+
+<p>
+Friends, free software developers, don't repeat old mistakes! If we
+do not copyleft our software, we put its future at the mercy of anyone
+equipped with more resources than scruples. With copyleft, we can
+defend freedom, not just for ourselves, but for our whole
+community.</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
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+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
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+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
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+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
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+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
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+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1999,</strong></del></span> 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/19 18:33:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
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