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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www planetfeeds.ru.html philosophy/basic-freedo... |
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Date: |
Thu, 16 Sep 2021 04:02:40 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/16 04:02:40
Modified files:
. : planetfeeds.ru.html
philosophy : basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html
europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
free-hardware-designs.ru.html
free-software-rocket.ru.html
greve-clown.ru.html hackathons.ru.html
rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html
rms-kol.ru.html rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html
stallman-kth.ru.html
philosophy/po : basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html
basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po
europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
europes-unitary-patent.ru.po
free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html
free-hardware-designs.ru.po
free-software-rocket.ru-en.html
free-software-rocket.ru.po
greve-clown.ru-en.html greve-clown.ru.po
hackathons.ru-en.html hackathons.ru.po
rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html
rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po
rms-kol.ru-en.html rms-kol.ru.po
rms-on-radio-nz.ru-en.html
rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po stallman-kth.ru-en.html
stallman-kth.ru.po stallman-mec-india.ru.po
po : planetfeeds.ru.po
proprietary/po : all.ru.po proprietary-insecurity.ru.po
proprietary.ru.po
server : home-pkgblurbs.ru.html
server/po : home-pkgblurbs.ru.po
software : recent-releases-include.ru.html
software/po : recent-releases-include.ru.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/planetfeeds.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1282&r2=1.1283
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-rocket.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/greve-clown.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/hackathons.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-kol.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/stallman-kth.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/planetfeeds.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1899&r2=1.1900
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/all.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.318&r2=1.319
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.549&r2=1.550
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/home-pkgblurbs.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.176&r2=1.177
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/home-pkgblurbs.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.250&r2=1.251
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/recent-releases-include.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2258&r2=1.2259
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3195&r2=1.3196
Patches:
Index: planetfeeds.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/planetfeeds.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1282
retrieving revision 1.1283
diff -u -b -r1.1282 -r1.1283
--- planetfeeds.ru.html 13 Sep 2021 14:03:45 -0000 1.1282
+++ planetfeeds.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:37 -0000 1.1283
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@
value="<a href='http://savannah.gnu.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=10047'>" -->
<!--#echo
encoding="none" var="link" -->
-Bison 3.8.1 released<!--#echo encoding="none"
+ÐÑÑел Bison 3.8.1<!--#echo encoding="none"
var="a_close" -->
<!-- TRANSLATORS:
http://savannah.gnu.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=10047 -->
-: I'm very pleased to announce the release of Bison 3.8(.1), whose main
-novelty is the D backend for deterministic parsers, contributed by Adela
-Vais. It supports all...
+: ÐÑ ÑÑаÑÑÐ»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑвиÑÑ Ð¾ вÑпÑÑке Bison 3.8(.1),
главнÑм новÑеÑÑвом коÑоÑого
+внеÑенном Ðделой Ðе, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ...
</p>
<p>
<!--#set var="link"
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@
var="a_close" -->
<!-- TRANSLATORS:
https://anastasis.lu/en/news/news/2021-09.html -->
-: GNU Anastasis is a Free Software protocol and implementation that allows
-users to securely deposit core secrets with an open set of escrow providers
-and to reco...
+: GNU Anastasis — пÑоÑокол ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и его ÑеализаÑиÑ,
+позволÑÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм безопаÑно
депониÑоваÑÑ...
</p>
Index: philosophy/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html 25 Jan 2020 12:08:44 -0000
1.2
+++ philosophy/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.3
@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>äºèç½ä¸çè¨è®ºãåºçä¸ç»ç¤¾èªç± - GNU å·¥ç¨ -
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>äºèç½ä¸çè¨è®ºãåºçä¸ç»ç¤¾èªç±</h2>
-
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼æ¯æäºèç½ä¸çè¨è®ºãåºçä¸ç»ç¤¾èªç±ã请æ¥çï¼
</p>
@@ -34,12 +41,13 @@
</li>
<li>
- <a href="http://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
+ <a href="https://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
æ¯ä¸ä¸ªéçå©çäºèç½ææãæ°é»æå¡ãå¾ä¹¦é¦ã对è¯ä¸å¿åæ¡£æ¡é¦ï¼è´åäºä¿è¿åæå«å½é
èªç±ææ³ãèªç±è¨è®ºåéç§æã
</li>
<li>
- æ¯æç½ä¸è¨è®ºãåºçä¸ç»ç¤¾èªç±ç <a
href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html";>Blue Ribbon
+ æ¯æç½ä¸è¨è®ºãåºçä¸ç»ç¤¾èªç±ç <a
+href="https://www.eff.org/pages/blue-ribbon-campaign";>Blue Ribbon
Campaignï¼èä¸å¸¦è¿å¨ï¼</a><sup><a href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>ã
</li>
@@ -56,6 +64,7 @@
è´åäºè®¡ç®æºå¼ååçµåéä¿¡èªç±ç<a
href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">ç»ç»</a>å表ã
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -70,7 +79,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ï¼FSFï¼&GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
@@ -89,17 +98,17 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007,
-2014, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -111,12 +120,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼<a
href="mailto:jl-shi@outlook.com";><ç³ä½³ä¹></a>ï¼2020ã<br></br>
<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2020ã</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2020ï¼2021ã</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2020/01/25 12:08:44 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:30 -0000
1.26
+++ philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.27
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє:
неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
@@ -9,27 +12,34 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ÐвÑопейÑкий “ÑоÑзнÑй паÑенє:
неогÑаниÑеннÑе паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑаммÑ</h2>
-<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен<br />ÐпеÑвÑе опÑбликовано в
<a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>ÐаÑдиан</a>.</p>
+
+<address class="byline">РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</address>
<p>ÐÑлед за индÑÑÑÑией пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>давно
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>давно
пÑедÑгаданнÑе ÑоÑалÑнÑе паÑенÑнÑе
войнÑ</a>, коÑоÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑвÑÑвовали,
ÐвÑопейÑкий ÑоÑз планиÑÑÐµÑ ÑледоваÑÑ Ñем
же кÑÑÑом. Ðогда доклад ХаÑгÑивÑа
пÑизÑвал ÐеликобÑиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ
паÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ, она Ñже одобÑила
план, коÑоÑÑй, видимо, Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑи паÑенÑÑ Ð²
ÐеликобÑиÑании.</p>
-<p>ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они
+<p><!-- Guardian, June 23,
+2005 -->
+ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они
ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸ на пÑогÑаммнÑе
идеи. РазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑивиалÑнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеалÑно или небезопаÑно, еÑли
Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑкиваÑÑÑÑ ÑквозÑ
-лабиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. См. “ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе
-паÑенÑÑ”, “ÐаÑдиан”, 20 иÑнÑ
2005 года.</p>
+лабиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. См. <a
+href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html">ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
+лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе паÑенÑÑ</a>. </p>
<p>Ркаждой пÑогÑамме комбиниÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
идей; в кÑÑпной пÑогÑамме иÑ
ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑи. Ðо недавним оÑенкам
Google, в ÑмаÑÑÑоне Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>
250 ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ
идей</a>. Я
ÑÑиÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑо ÑиÑло пÑавдоподобнÑм,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо по моей оÑенке 2004 года в
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме GNU/Linux
Ñеализовано около 100 ÑÑÑÑÑ
по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ
идей. (Ðен
@@ -94,7 +104,7 @@
наÑионалÑнÑе ÑÑдÑ) бÑли Ð±Ñ ÑнÑÑÑ, бÑÑо
могло Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ
или лÑбÑе дÑÑгие ÑпоÑнÑе ÑазновидноÑÑи
паÑенÑов. ÐапÑимеÑ, еÑли оно ÑеÑиÑ,
ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑе Ð³ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑ,
как <a
-href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>
+href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>
ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑÑо Ñделал апеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд
СШÐ</a>, никÑо не ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмениÑÑ
ÑÑо ÑеÑение, кÑоме, возможно, СÑда
ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза.</p>
@@ -124,14 +134,14 @@
пойдÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о.</p>
<p>ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво
ÐеликобÑиÑании Ñ
оÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ,
поÑколÑÐºÑ <a
-href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>в
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>в
декабÑе 2010 года оно вÑÑазило пожелание
[аÑÑ
ивиÑовано]</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¡Ñд
ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не имел пÑиоÑиÑеÑа над
ÑÑой ÑиÑÑемой. ÐоÑлÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво ХаÑгÑивÑа? ÐÐ·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ оно
мнение об ÑÑом плане? ÐÑиÑанÑÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом.</p>
<p>ÐодÑобнее о недоÑÑаÑкаÑ
и ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
изÑÑнаÑ
ÑÑого плана можно найÑи на <a
-href="http://unitary-patent.eu";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
+href="https://www.unitary-patent.eu";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑиÑе, ÑÑо ÑеÑмин
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” в
ÑÑаÑÑе не ÑпоÑÑеблÑлÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð»Ñждение, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
@@ -142,6 +152,13 @@
о неÑвÑзаннÑÑ
законаÑ
, Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑ ÑеÑмина
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”, и
мне он никогда не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>ÐпеÑвÑе опÑбликовано в <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>ÐаÑдиан</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -150,7 +167,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -170,7 +187,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -199,8 +216,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2011,
-2014, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2011,
+2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -220,11 +237,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:30 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/free-hardware-designs.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- philosophy/free-hardware-designs.ru.html 31 May 2021 09:59:56 -0000
1.13
+++ philosophy/free-hardware-designs.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.14
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑа и ÑвободнÑе
аппаÑаÑнÑе ÑазÑабоÑки - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
@@ -9,21 +12,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑа и ÑвободнÑе
аппаÑаÑнÑе ÑазÑабоÑки</h2>
-<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</a></p>
-
-<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
- anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote>
-<p>ÐÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи
опÑбликована двÑÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑÑми на Wired в маÑÑе
-2015 года.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline"><a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд
СÑолмен</a></address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>Ðо какой ÑÑепени идеи ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ?
ÐбÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ñвои ÑеÑÑежи
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми ÑоÑно Ñак же, как мÑ
обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободнÑми Ñвои пÑогÑаммÑ?
ТÑебÑÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ оÑ
Ñана наÑей ÑвободÑ
оÑказа Ð¾Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ, Ñделанной по
неÑвободнÑм ÑеÑÑежам?</p>
+</div>
<h3 id="definitions">ÐпÑеделениÑ</h3>
@@ -177,15 +179,14 @@
<p>ÐÑи вÑбоÑе ÑÑеÑ
меÑнÑÑ
пÑинÑеÑов
обÑаÑайÑе внимание, ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ они на
одниÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
; Ñ Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð° Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ <a
-href="http://fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement";>ÑпиÑок ÑакиÑ
одобÑеннÑÑ
-пÑинÑеÑов</a>. ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑÑеÑ
меÑнÑе
пÑинÑеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑвободнÑм ÑеÑÑежам
-аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, но <a
-href="http://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>
+href="https://ryf.fsf.org/";>ÑпиÑок ÑакиÑ
одобÑеннÑÑ
пÑинÑеÑов</a>. ÐекоÑоÑÑе
+ÑÑеÑ
меÑнÑе пÑинÑеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑвободнÑм
ÑеÑÑежам аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, но <a
+href="https://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>
ÑеÑÑежи аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Makerbot неÑвободнÑ</a>.</p>
<h3 id="reject-nonfree">ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгаÑÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ?</h3>
-<p>ЯвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ неÑвободнÑй ÑеÑÑеж ÑиÑÑовой
<a href="#fn1">(*)</a> аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ
+<p>ЯвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ неÑвободнÑй ÑеÑÑеж ÑиÑÑовой
<a href="#fn1">[1]</a> аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ
неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑÑ? ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼Ñ Ñади Ñвоей
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, ÑделаннÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ неÑвободнÑм
ÑеÑÑежам, как Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгаÑÑ
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?</p>
@@ -256,11 +257,6 @@
<p>ÐÑо бÑдÑÑее наÑÑÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ менÑÑей меÑе
ÑеÑез годÑ. Рпока необÑ
одимоÑÑи
пÑинÑипиалÑно оÑвеÑгаÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ
неÑвободнÑми ÑеÑÑежами неÑ. </p>
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn1">* ÐонÑÑие “ÑиÑÑоваÑ
аппаÑаÑÑÑа” здеÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ
-аналоговÑми ÑÑ
емами и компоненÑами в
дополнение к ÑиÑÑовÑм.</p>
-
<h3 id="free-designs">Ðам нÑÐ¶Ð½Ñ ÑвободнÑе ÑеÑÑежи
ÑиÑÑовой аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ</h3>
<p>ХоÑÑ Ð² нÑнеÑниÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимоÑÑи оÑвеÑгаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
@@ -385,10 +381,10 @@
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава каждÑй волен ÑоздаваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
и полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ (а нам ÑÑа
Ñвобода оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ñжна). РСШРавÑоÑÑкое пÑаво
не ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑÑнкÑионалÑнÑе ÑÑоÑонÑ, опиÑаннÑе
ÑеÑÑежом, но <a
-href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";> на
декоÑаÑивнÑе
+href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";> на
декоÑаÑивнÑе
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ</a>. Ðогда Ñ
одного и Ñого же обÑекÑа еÑÑÑ Ð¸
декоÑаÑивнÑе, и ÑÑнкÑионалÑнÑе ÑÑоÑонÑ, мÑ
попадаем в ÑложнÑÑ ÑиÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ <a
-href="#fn2">(*)</a>.</p>
+href="#fn2">[2]</a>.</p>
<p>ÐÑе ÑÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑно и в ваÑей ÑÑÑане,
а Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¸ не бÑÑÑ. ÐеÑед Ñем как
пÑоизводиÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑекÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ в
болÑÑом колиÑеÑÑве, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
@@ -404,15 +400,6 @@
ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ</a>” — ÑÑо ÑиÑÑое
заблÑждение, Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ нÑжно
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑказаÑÑÑÑ.</p>
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn2">* ÐолезнÑе ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑой
ÑложноÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð¿ÑиводÑÑÑÑ Ð² <a
-href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
-ÑÑаÑÑе Public Knowledge</a>, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑ ÐµÐµ впадаÑÑ
в обÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑибкÑ,
-ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑазное понÑÑие
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” и
-пÑопагандиÑÑÑкое вÑÑажение “<a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">заÑиÑа</a>”.</p>
-
<h3 id="promoting">СодейÑÑвие ÑвободнÑм ÑеÑÑежам
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑанилиÑ</h3>
<p>СамÑй дейÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб пооÑÑÑÑÑ
пÑбликаÑии ÑеÑÑежей аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
@@ -441,7 +428,7 @@
ÑекÑÑа, пÑиÑем иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð² ÑекÑеÑнÑÑ
ÑоÑмаÑаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе можно пÑименÑÑÑ
ÑолÑко в неÑвободнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
пÑоекÑиÑованиÑ, не годиÑÑÑ. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑеÑ
меÑнÑÑ
моделей <a
-href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0)">
+href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0)">
ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ STL</a> не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑÑиÑелÑнÑм
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸,
ÑледоваÑелÑно, ÑÑо не иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, Ñак
ÑÑо ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð½Ðµ должен его пÑинимаÑÑ,
Ñазве ÑÑо кÑоме ÑлÑÑаев, когда он
ÑопÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑоÑÑий иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ.</p>
@@ -464,6 +451,29 @@
аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми. Ðам как ÑообÑеÑÑвÑ
оÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑолÑко пÑизнаÑÑ, ÑÑо
именно ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ, и наÑÑаиваÑÑ
на ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑеÑÑежаÑ
, когда
обÑекÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð³Ð¾Ñавливаем Ð¼Ñ Ñами.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">ÐÑимеÑаниÑ</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="fn1">ÐонÑÑие “ÑиÑÑоваÑ
аппаÑаÑÑÑа” здеÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ
+аналоговÑми ÑÑ
емами и компоненÑами в
дополнение к ÑиÑÑовÑм.</li>
+
+<li id="fn2">* ÐолезнÑе ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑой
ÑложноÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð¿ÑиводÑÑÑÑ Ð² <a
+href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
+ÑÑаÑÑе Public Knowledge</a>, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑ ÐµÐµ впадаÑÑ
в обÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑибкÑ,
+ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑазное понÑÑие
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” и
+пÑопагандиÑÑÑкое вÑÑажение “<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">заÑиÑа</a>”.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
+ anti-ad-block system -->
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>ÐоÑÑи вÑÑ ÑÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла опÑбликована
двÑÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑÑми в <cite>УайеÑд</cite> в
+маÑÑе 2015 года.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -473,7 +483,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -493,7 +503,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -522,9 +532,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 Richard Stallman<br
-/>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc. (translation)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2015,
+2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -540,7 +549,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:59:56 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/free-software-rocket.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-rocket.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/free-software-rocket.ru.html 12 Feb 2021 20:00:49 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/free-software-rocket.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.2
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ в ÑакеÑаÑ
бÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ? СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
@@ -10,6 +12,10 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ в ÑакеÑаÑ
бÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ? СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
бÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
ника
</h2>
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@
ÑÑлÑÐ³Ñ ÑÑанÑпоÑÑиÑовки гÑÑзов, а Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸
Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð´Ð° ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ; или вÑ
могли Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑбÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹-Ñо дÑÑгой меÑод,
напÑимеÑ, кÑпиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑмиÑеÑкий коÑаблÑ
и ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нем Ñамим.</p>
-
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -143,7 +149,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -192,8 +198,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2020 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2020 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2020,
+2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2021/02/12 20:00:49 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/greve-clown.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/greve-clown.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/greve-clown.ru.html 6 Oct 2020 09:31:53 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/greve-clown.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU - ÐÑоекÑ
GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
@@ -12,33 +14,34 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/greve-clown.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU</h2>
-<address class="byline"><strong>ÐеоÑг ÐÑеве</strong> <a
-href="mailto:greve@gnu.org";><greve@gnu.org></a></address>
+<address class="byline">ÐеоÑг ÐÑеве <a
href="mailto:greve@gnu.org";><greve@gnu.org></a></address>
-<p><em>ÐеÑевод ÑеÑи, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла пÑоизнеÑена
в CLOWN (<span lang="en"
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>ÐеÑевод ÑеÑи, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла пÑоизнеÑена в
CLOWN (<span lang="en"
xml:lang="en">Cluster of working nodes</span> — ÐлаÑÑеÑе
ÑабоÑиÑ
Ñзлов — пÑоекÑе 512-Ñзлового клаÑÑеÑа
маÑин под Debian GNU/Linux)
-в ÐадеÑбоÑнÑком ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе
(ÐеÑманиÑ).</em></p>
-
-<p><em>ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">немеÑкий
-оÑигинал</a>. РекомендÑеÑÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð²
оÑигинале.</em></p>
+в ÐадеÑбоÑнÑком ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе (ÐеÑманиÑ) 5
декабÑÑ 1998 года.</p>
+<p>ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">немеÑкий
+оÑигинал</a>. РекомендÑеÑÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð²
оÑигинале.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote>
-<p>
-<em>ÐамеÑание авÑоÑа</em>. ÐÑи пеÑеводе ÑÑой
ÑеÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ возможноÑÑи
-ÑоÑно воÑпÑоизвеÑÑи оÑигинал, коÑоÑÑй Ñ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾-немеÑки. РазбиÑÑ
-немеÑкие пеÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в
ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑй английÑкий бÑло не
-Ñак-Ñо пÑоÑÑо, и Ñ Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑиÑÑ
Ñвоего ÑоÑеда по комнаÑе ÐÑга
-Чапина, моего дÑÑга и пÑиÑодного
амеÑиканÑа, коÑоÑÑй помогал мне Ñ
-некоÑоÑÑми ÑÑазами и Ñловами. ÐеÑевод,
конеÑно не оÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑмоÑий и
-подÑекÑÑов, но Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñли к
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾...
-</p>
-</blockquote>
+<div class="introduction" role="complementary">
+<p><em>ÐамеÑание авÑоÑа. ÐÑи пеÑеводе ÑÑой
ÑеÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ возможноÑÑи ÑоÑно
+воÑпÑоизвеÑÑи оÑигинал, коÑоÑÑй Ñ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾-немеÑки. РазбиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¼ÐµÑкие
+пеÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в
ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑй английÑкий бÑло не
Ñак-Ñо пÑоÑÑо,
+и Ñ Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ñвоего ÑоÑеда
по комнаÑе ÐÑга Чапина, моего дÑÑга
+и пÑиÑодного амеÑиканÑа, коÑоÑÑй помогал
мне Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми ÑÑазами и
+Ñловами. ÐеÑевод, конеÑно не оÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑмоÑий и подÑекÑÑов, но Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ,
+ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñли к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾...</em></p>
+</div>
<p>
Ðо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾Ñовки к ÑÑой ÑеÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑел
неÑколÑко докÑменÑов и поговоÑил Ñо
многими лÑдÑми. РпÑоÑеÑÑе ÑÑого Ñ Ð¾Ñознал,
ÑÑо даже Ñе, ÑÑи ÑабоÑие меÑÑа
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -380,7 +383,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -393,24 +396,8 @@
пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1998 Georg C. F. Greve<br />
-Copyright © 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+Copyright © 2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p id="Permission">ÐаеÑÑÑ ÑазÑеÑение делаÑÑ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð±ÑквалÑнÑе копии ÑÑой
запиÑи пÑи
ÑÑловии, ÑÑо в ней поÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ñведомление
об авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑаваÑ
и ÑÑо
@@ -425,11 +412,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2020/10/06 09:31:53 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/hackathons.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/hackathons.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/hackathons.ru.html 27 Mar 2021 17:01:02 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/hackathons.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.4
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/hackathons.en.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Ðа Ñ
акаÑонаÑ
нÑжно наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
- ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
@@ -10,10 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hackathons.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñ
акаÑонаÑ
надо наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
</h2>
+
<address class="byline">РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</address>
-<div class="thin"></div>
<p>ХакаÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ — обÑепÑинÑÑÑй меÑод
пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки пÑоекÑам
ÑиÑÑовой ÑазÑабоÑки Ñо ÑÑоÑонÑ
ÑообÑеÑÑва. СообÑеÑÑво пÑиглаÑаеÑ
@@ -50,8 +55,9 @@
<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе извÑаÑеннÑе Ñ
акаÑонÑ
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑвÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи в обÑабоÑке
инÑоÑмаÑии конкÑеÑнÑми компаниÑми: в
некоÑоÑÑÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
ÑÑо <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en";>евÑопейÑкие</a>
-и <a href="http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>канадÑкие
банки</a>, а Ñакже
-<a href="http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners";>
+и <a href="https://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>канадÑкие
банки</a>, а
+Ñакже <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog";>
Expedia</a>. Ðни пÑÑмо ÑÑого не говоÑÑÑ, однако
ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ обÑÑвлениÑм, они
ÑÑавÑÑ ÑелÑÑ ÑодейÑÑвие в ÑазÑабоÑке какиÑ
-Ñо неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, а
ÑÑаÑÑники пÑиглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи ÑÑим
неблагоÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑм пÑоекÑам.</p>
@@ -172,7 +178,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 2017, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2017,
-2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -192,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2021/03/27 17:01:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:29
-0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.4
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом СÑолменом,
KernelTrap.org, 2005 - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
@@ -9,15 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом СÑолменом, KernelTrap.org,
2005 год</h2>
-
-<p><em>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ, взÑÑое ÐжеÑеми ÐндÑÑÑом Ñ Ð
иÑаÑда СÑолмена в
-2005 годÑ</em><br />
-<em>ÐÑÑоÑник:</em> <a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
-http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> [аÑÑ
ив]</p>
-<hr class="thin"/>
+<address class="byline">пÑоведено ÐжеÑеми
ÐндÑÑÑом</address>
<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен оÑновал в 1984 годÑ
пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU, а в 1985 —
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ.
Ðн Ñакже ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвонаÑалÑнÑм
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@
Ñого. Ð 1969 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¿ÐµÑвÑе Ñвидел и
поÑабоÑал на наÑÑоÑÑем
компÑÑÑеÑе.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакого Ñода пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
пиÑали до Ñого, как Ñвидели и
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакого Ñода пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
пиÑали до Ñого, как Ñвидели и
ÑÑали ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° наÑÑоÑÑем компÑÑÑеÑе?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑо бÑли
доволÑно-Ñаки ÑлеменÑаÑнÑе
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@
нем Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑепиÑал ÑолÑко неÑколÑко пÑоÑ
одов.
РпоÑом Ñ Ñзнал о ÑакиÑ
веÑаÑ
,
как ÑпиÑки, о ÑзÑке Lisp и поÑеÑÑл инÑеÑÐµÑ Ðº
ÑзÑкам вÑоде PL/I.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð² 1974 годÑ
законÑили ÐаÑваÑд Ñо ÑÑепенÑÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð² 1974 годÑ
законÑили ÐаÑваÑд Ñо ÑÑепенÑÑ
бакалавÑа по Ñизике, как Ð²Ñ ÑобиÑалиÑÑ
иÑполÑзоваÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑепенÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я дÑмал, ÑÑо
ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ñизиком-ÑеоÑеÑиком,
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
<h3>ÐÐ¸Ð·Ð½Ñ Ð² ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного
инÑеллекÑа</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакие задаÑи заполнÑли
ваÑе вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÐабоÑаÑоÑии
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакие задаÑи заполнÑли
ваÑе вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÐабоÑаÑоÑии
иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа в ÑемидеÑÑÑÑе
годÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðо болÑÑей
ÑаÑÑи ÑазÑабоÑка опеÑаÑионной
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@
инÑеллекÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑоÑом СаÑменом; мÑ
ÑазÑабаÑÑвали обÑаÑнÑÑ ÑвÑÐ·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
завиÑимоÑÑÑм.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÑо Ñакое обÑаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑвÑзÑ
по завиÑимоÑÑÑм?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÑо Ñакое обÑаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑвÑзÑ
по завиÑимоÑÑÑм?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе
какие-Ñо допÑÑениÑ, иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð·
коÑоÑÑÑ
и какиÑ
-Ñо заданнÑÑ
ÑакÑов делаеÑе
вÑвод. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пÑийÑи к
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@
пÑименÑли в мÑÑлении. Ðе назÑваÑÑ Ñакже
анализом доказаÑелÑÑÑв. Ðо в
компÑÑÑеÑизованнÑÑ
ÑаÑÑÑждениÑÑ
ее к ÑомÑ
вÑемени еÑе не пÑименÑли.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðаков бÑл ÑезÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑого
иÑÑледованиÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðаков бÑл ÑезÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑого
иÑÑледованиÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñбликовали
ÑÑаÑÑÑ. ÐÑой ÑеÑ
никой
впоÑледÑÑвии ÑÑали полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие,
Ñак ÑÑо она ÑÑала, по-видимомÑ,
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@
<h3>ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU и Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ñого, как Ð²Ñ Ð²
наÑале воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ñого, как Ð²Ñ Ð²
наÑале воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑолкнÑлиÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑеÑа, Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑна. ÐÑоÑ
ÑлÑÑай пÑивел в конÑе конÑов к оÑнованиÑ
вами в 1984 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа
GNU, а в 1985 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð° Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@
поÑÑÑоили ÑообÑеÑÑво, в коÑоÑом лÑди могÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑами и
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе в ÑÑловиÑÑ
ÑвободÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком
пÑаве ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиÑ.
ШиÑоковеÑаÑелÑнÑй Ñлажок. ÐлаÑÑ Ñ
ÑекÑеÑнÑми
@@ -135,19 +136,19 @@
<p>ÐÑÑгими Ñловами, ÑÑилиÑ, пÑедпÑинимаемÑе
влаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÑÑими, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñей Ñвободе.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ план ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑиÑ
пÑоблем?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ план ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑиÑ
пÑоблем?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ЧÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ
законов, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð½Ð¸Ñего
конкÑеÑного. РдÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
, где пока
ÑÑиÑ
законов неÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
пÑинÑÑие.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑо ÑÑÑаÑноваÑо.</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑо ÑÑÑаÑноваÑо.</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>: Так оно и еÑÑÑ.</p>
<h3>“СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммѓ и
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðам поÑÑоÑнно пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ
обÑÑÑнÑÑÑ ÑазниÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðам поÑÑоÑнно пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ
обÑÑÑнÑÑÑ ÑазниÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ
“ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами” и
“пÑогÑаммами Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм
иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом”, а пÑеÑÑа вÑе Ñавно
пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑмеÑиваÑÑ ÑÑи
понÑÑиÑ. Ðе могли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑниÑÑ ÑазниÑÑ
наÑим ÑиÑаÑелÑм, коÑоÑÑе из-за
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@
<h3>“GNU/Linux”</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ, в коÑоÑой
ÑаÑÑо пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ,—
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ, в коÑоÑой
ÑаÑÑо пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ,—
название “GNU/Linux”. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´
пÑоекÑа GNU наÑÑолÑко
знаÑиÑелен, ÑÑо его ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмеÑаÑÑ Ð²
названии опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемÑ,
оÑобенно в ÑопоÑÑавлении Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
кÑÑпнÑми ÑаÑÑÑми лÑбой опеÑаÑионной
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐомбиниÑованнаÑ
ÑиÑÑема, коÑоÑой Ð¼Ñ ÑегоднÑ
полÑзÑемÑÑ, оÑнована на GNU.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU Linux...</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ GNU Linux...</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я пÑедпоÑиÑаÑ
пÑоизноÑиÑÑ ÑÑо как
“GNU дÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Linux” или “GNU плÑÑ Linux”.
Ðело в Ñом,
@@ -205,17 +206,17 @@
Linux”, лÑди подÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Linux, коÑоÑаÑ
ÑазÑабоÑана Ð´Ð»Ñ GNU. Ð ÑÑо не Ñак.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаеÑеÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
Ñо, ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑоÑеÑание Ñого и
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаеÑеÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
Ñо, ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑоÑеÑание Ñого и
дÑÑгого.</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðменно. ÐÑо GNU
плÑÑ Linux, взÑÑÑе вмеÑÑе.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðз коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑкладÑваеÑÑÑ
опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðз коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑкладÑваеÑÑÑ
опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
GNU+Linux, коÑоÑой вÑе полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ.</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>: Ðменно.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Чего добилиÑÑ Ð»Ñди,
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑие вÑÑажение
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Чего добилиÑÑ Ð»Ñди,
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑие вÑÑажение
“GNU/Linux”?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðак извеÑÑно,
ÐинÑÑ Ð¢Ð¾ÑвалÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñал ÑвоÑ
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@
пÑогÑаммаÑ
— ÑÑо вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ они
ваÑи задаÑи и ÑколÑко они
ÑÑоÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñалом оÑвеÑа
на мой ÑледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ:
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñалом оÑвеÑа
на мой ÑледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ:
ÑÑо ÑеÑÑеÑÑÑ, когда лÑди оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑажение
“GNU/Linux”?</p>
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@
<h3>GNU/Hurd</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. GNU Hurd оÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑадии
ÑазÑабоÑки Ñже болÑÑе
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. GNU Hurd оÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑадии
ÑазÑабоÑки Ñже болÑÑе
деÑÑÑка леÑ. Ðод назад поговаÑивали о
вÑпÑÑке 1.0, но он бÑл оÑложен из-за
паÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑÑиÑ
возможноÑÑей. Ðаково
ÑекÑÑее положение ÑÑого пÑоекÑа?</p>
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@
поÑÑепенно добавлÑÑÑÑÑ. Ðднако длÑ
пÑакÑиÑеÑкого пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñ
вÑбÑали Ð±Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ GNU на базе Linux.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-нибÑдÑ
пÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, когда вÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-нибÑдÑ
пÑÐ¾Ð³Ð½Ð¾Ð·Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, когда вÑ
ÑвидиÑе вÑпÑÑк 1.0?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо неÑ,
как ÑÑо ни пеÑалÑно. Ðногие
@@ -281,14 +282,14 @@
<p>Ðо вÑÑком ÑлÑÑае, Ñвободное ÑдÑо, коÑоÑое
ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ñ GNU, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU
конÑенÑÑиÑоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвенно на
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU
конÑенÑÑиÑоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвенно на
ÑиÑÑеме GNU, поÑÑÑоенной вокÑÑг GNU Hurd, когда
его вÑпÑÑÑÑÑ, или он бÑдеÑ
пÑодолжаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÑ ÑиÑÑÑегоÑÑ
диапазона ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑдеÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑ Ð±Ñдем
пÑодолжаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑий
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU на базе Linux, пока они бÑдÑÑ
оÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑлÑÑнÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñдем назÑваÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° базе
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñдем назÑваÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° базе
Hurd? ÐÑо GNU Hurd или GNU дÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Hurd?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑо
опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU, а
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@
пÑоводиÑÑ ÑазлиÑие Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ и говоÑиÑÑ Ð¾
GNU/Linux и GNU/Hurd,
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑими две ÑазлиÑнÑе веÑÑии
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU Ñ ÑазнÑми ÑдÑами.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑеимÑÑеÑÑва
в полÑзовании ÑиÑÑемой
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑеимÑÑеÑÑва
в полÑзовании ÑиÑÑемой
GNU/Hurd пеÑед, Ñкажем, ÑиÑÑемой GNU/Linux?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐавеÑное, неÑ
огÑомного пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва,
@@ -314,23 +315,23 @@
<h3>ÐапиÑание пÑогÑамм и ÑÑководÑÑво</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СколÑко Ð²Ñ Ð² наÑÑоÑÑее
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑеÑе пÑогÑамм?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СколÑко Ð²Ñ Ð² наÑÑоÑÑее
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑеÑе пÑогÑамм?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я Ñам? ТолÑко
ÑÑÑÑ-ÑÑÑÑ, в Emacs. Я бÑл
пÑинÑжден вÑдвинÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð² ÑÑководÑÑво.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐнÑеÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑмÑлиÑовка.
Ðак ÑÑо ÑлÑÑилоÑÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐнÑеÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑмÑлиÑовка.
Ðак ÑÑо ÑлÑÑилоÑÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. РабоÑа по
ÑÑководÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð¸ обÑеÑÑвеннаÑ
ÑабоÑа, коÑоÑÑми пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ,
вÑе возÑаÑÑали и возÑаÑÑали, Ñак
ÑÑо мне пÑиÑлоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ
одиÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей,
коÑоÑÑе бÑали на ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð²Ñе болÑÑе и
болÑÑе моиÑ
обÑзанноÑÑей по
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ ÑкÑÑаеÑе по
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ ÑкÑÑаеÑе по
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>: Ðа. ÐÑо
ÑвлекаÑелÑно.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
оÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ñоли
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
оÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ Ð² Ñоли
ÑÑководиÑелÑ/акÑивиÑÑа?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я не Ñказал бÑ,
ÑÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑого Ñ
оÑÑ, но
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@
замениÑÑ. ÐообÑе-Ñо Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ñмаем над Ñем,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей,
коÑоÑÑе могли Ð±Ñ ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ
бÑл незаменимÑм.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакова ваÑа нÑнеÑнÑÑ
ÑолÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðакова ваÑа нÑнеÑнÑÑ
ÑолÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ЧаÑÑиÑно она
ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
ÑвеÑдÑм и ÑеÑиÑелÑнÑм лидеÑом.
ЧаÑÑиÑно — ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@
<p>Я Ñакже Ñзнал, каково ÑÑо — боÑоÑÑÑÑ
за ÑвободÑ. ЧÑо Ñакое
боÑÑба, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑÐ·Ñ Ð±ÑоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ пÑи какиÑ
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑваÑ
.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðногие из пÑогÑамм,
пеÑвонаÑалÑнÑм авÑоÑом коÑоÑÑÑ
вÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðногие из пÑогÑамм,
пеÑвонаÑалÑнÑм авÑоÑом коÑоÑÑÑ
вÑ
ÑÑали, ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ многом
клÑÑевÑми ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑими ÑазÑабоÑки
пÑогÑамм (как ÑвободнÑÑ
, Ñак и неÑвободнÑÑ
): ÑÑо ÐоллекÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¸Ð»ÑÑоÑов GNU
(GCC), ÑимволÑнÑй оÑладÑик GNU (GDB), а Ñакже GNU
Emacs. ÐÑе ÑÑи пÑоекÑÑ Ð²
@@ -364,21 +365,21 @@
<h3>GNU Emacs</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. То еÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñе еÑе
ÑабоÑаеÑе над Emacs на ÑÑовне
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. То еÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñе еÑе
ÑабоÑаеÑе над Emacs на ÑÑовне
иÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðа, Ñ
оÑÑ ÑейÑаÑ
Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¹ Ñломанной ÑÑкой мне
по ÑÑÑи некогда ÑÑо-Ñо пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. Я
бÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ, когда
подлеÑÑ ÑÑÐºÑ Ð¸ Ñнова ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑаÑаÑÑ Ñам.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РнелÑÐ·Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑзнаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑÑкой?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РнелÑÐ·Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑзнаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑÑкой?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я Ñпал, Ñломал
ÑÑкÑ, и мне пÑиÑлоÑÑ
обÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ Ðº Ñ
иÑÑÑгÑ. Ðна болиÑ, и Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ,
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° никогда не
заживеÑ. Ðо Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо пеÑаÑаÑÑ Ñ ÑмогÑ.
(Ðозднее: она пÑекÑаÑно пеÑаÑаеÑ,
но в ней вÑе вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð»ÑваеÑ.)</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðне оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑалÑно ÑÑо
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ; Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑкоÑейÑего
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðне оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑалÑно ÑÑо
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ; Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑкоÑейÑего
вÑздоÑовлениÑ.</p>
<p>Ðедавно Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑиÑÑвал “ЯйÑо
кÑкÑÑки” ÐлиÑÑа СÑолла. Ðам знакома
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. У Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ ней
ÑмÑÑнÑе воÑпоминаниÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РдвÑÑ
ÑловаÑ
: он
ÑаÑÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ Ñпионе, коÑоÑÑй
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РдвÑÑ
ÑловаÑ
: он
ÑаÑÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ Ñпионе, коÑоÑÑй
внедÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð² компÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑа, пеÑвонаÑалÑно
воÑполÑзовавÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑ
ой в безопаÑноÑÑи
GNU Emacs...</p>
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@
пÑоÑеÑ
а в безопаÑноÑÑи или он оÑибÑÑ,
ÑÑÑановив опÑеделеннÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ
setuid.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðменно ÑÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸
инÑеÑеÑовало: как Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑнеÑлиÑÑ Ðº
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðменно ÑÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸
инÑеÑеÑовало: как Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑнеÑлиÑÑ Ðº
книге, когда она вÑÑла.</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðо его книге вÑÑ
одиÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо бÑл Emacs,
@@ -412,7 +413,7 @@
<h3>ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº ÑомÑ,
ÑÑо Ñакие инÑÑÑÑменÑÑ, как
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº ÑомÑ,
ÑÑо Ñакие инÑÑÑÑменÑÑ, как
GCC, GDB и GNU Emacs пÑименÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑбаÑ
ÑазÑабоÑка неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@
можно пÑименÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,— ÑÑо вопÑоÑ, об
оÑвеÑе на коÑоÑÑй Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑолÑко
догадÑваÑÑÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº мнениÑ,
ÑÑо неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº мнениÑ,
ÑÑо неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
опÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑедÑÑво полÑÑениÑ
доллаÑов, коÑоÑÑе можно поÑом вложиÑÑ Ð²
ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,—
ÑÑо денÑги, коÑоÑÑÑ
в пÑоÑивном
ÑлÑÑае могло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑÑÑ,— и Ñаким
обÑазом ÑÑо ÑÑедÑÑво ÑозданиÑ
@@ -440,13 +441,13 @@
дÑÑгим. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ подождаÑÑ, пока Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо
еÑе поÑвиÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑиÑ
задаÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РпÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ...</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. РпÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ...</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ЧÑо —
пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ?
ÐÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе пиÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ? Ðни делаÑÑ
анÑиобÑеÑÑвенное дело. Ðм ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи
какÑÑ-Ñо дÑÑгÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐапÑимеÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐапÑимеÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. РобÑеÑÑве еÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑÑи ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
дел,
коÑоÑÑми можно занимаÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· ÑазÑабоÑки
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ðожно даже
@@ -455,7 +456,7 @@
ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Той
неболÑÑой ÑаÑÑи, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑоÑÑавлÑеÑ
ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами,
неÑÑÑдно избегаÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Чем они ÑазлиÑаÑÑÑÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Чем они ÑазлиÑаÑÑÑÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐеÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑве. ÐаказнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼
@@ -470,7 +471,7 @@
<p>Ð ÑÑо, еÑли в СШРболÑÑе не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹
ÑабоÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑов?</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑе в видÑ, ÑÑо вÑÑ
ÑабоÑа по пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑе в видÑ, ÑÑо вÑÑ
ÑабоÑа по пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·-за ÑÑбежа?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðа. ЧÑо, еÑли вÑÑ
она пÑопадеÑ? Такое можеÑ
@@ -485,7 +486,7 @@
ÑпланиÑовано. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑо пÑоизоÑло, бÑли
ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÑнаÑоднÑе договоÑÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð»Ñдей ÑнижалаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑабоÑнаÑ
плаÑа.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пÑивеÑÑи
конкÑеÑнÑе пÑимеÑÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пÑивеÑÑи
конкÑеÑнÑе пÑимеÑÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. FTAA. ÐÑемиÑнаÑ
ÑоÑговаÑ
оÑганизаÑиÑ. NAFTA. ÐÑи ÑоглаÑениÑ
ÑоÑÑавленÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑнижаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑабоÑнÑÑ
@@ -513,7 +514,7 @@
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе двÑÑ
Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ живеÑ. Ðогда лÑгоÑнÑй пеÑиод
иÑÑекаеÑ, владелÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑваÑÑ ÐµÐµ и
оÑкÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑеÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑеÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. СвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑеÑаÑÑ. СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑаÑÑ
пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑми
@@ -539,7 +540,7 @@
<h3>ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
ника</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Я ÑиÑал, ÑÑо моделÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, как пÑавило,
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Я ÑиÑал, ÑÑо моделÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, как пÑавило,
имиÑиÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ, а не
пÑокладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñе пÑÑи или ÑазвиваеÑ
ÑовеÑÑенно новÑÑ ÑеÑ
никÑ.</p>
@@ -560,12 +561,12 @@
ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Unix, она бÑла Ð±Ñ ÑовеÑÑенно
пÑевоÑÑ
одной, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо она
ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Unix не
ÑважаеÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СÑиÑаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñже
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СÑиÑаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñже
поÑавнÑлиÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. РзнаÑиÑелÑной
ÑÑепени, но не полноÑÑÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐожеÑе ли Ð²Ñ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо мÑ
ÑкоÑо Ñвидим много
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐожеÑе ли Ð²Ñ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо мÑ
ÑкоÑо Ñвидим много
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкиÑ
инноваÑий, пÑоиÑÑекаÑÑиÑ
из
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, по меÑе Ñого как
ÑазÑÑв ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÑ ÑокÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ?</p>
@@ -575,18 +576,18 @@
<h3>ÐнÑеÑнеÑ</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Так же ли важно пÑименÑÑÑ
ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Так же ли важно пÑименÑÑÑ
ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я не понимаÑ
вопÑоÑа.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
ÑолÑко на пеÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
ÑолÑко на пеÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
, но и на компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
,
ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑиÑ
ÐнÑеÑнеÑ...</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ. ÐÑли ваÑ
компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, Ñо ÑÑо один из
компÑÑÑеÑов, о коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑо веÑно. РнаÑÑоÑÑÑÑ
минÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹ компÑÑÑÐµÑ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑо веÑно. РнаÑÑоÑÑÑÑ
минÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹ компÑÑÑÐµÑ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
ÑаÑÑÑÑ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа. Рмой компÑÑÑÐµÑ ÑабоÑаеÑ
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
. Ðднако в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе еÑÑÑ
множеÑÑво компÑÑÑеÑов, коÑоÑÑе ÑабоÑаÑÑ
не на ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
.</p>
@@ -597,7 +598,7 @@
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ владеÑÑ ÑÑими компÑÑÑеÑами,
ÑÑÑаÑили ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð°ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ Ñвоей
ÑвободÑ. ÐÑо пÑоблема.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СÑиÑаеÑе ли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑмалÑнÑм
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñдей, коÑоÑÑе ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СÑиÑаеÑе ли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑмалÑнÑм
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñдей, коÑоÑÑе ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами, иÑполÑзоваÑÑ...</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐодклÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ðº
ÑеÑвеÑÑ, коÑоÑÑй ÑабоÑаеÑ
@@ -619,7 +620,7 @@
ÑайÑ, пока он не пеÑÐµÐ¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðн не заÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐозвÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ðº Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ, к пÑимеÑÑ,
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐозвÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ðº Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ, к пÑимеÑÑ,
полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ð²Ñ Ñакими ÑÑедÑÑвами, как
Google, когда пÑÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи
ÑÑо-Ñо в ÑеÑи?</p>
@@ -633,7 +634,7 @@
<h3>Ðа ÑабоÑе</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо, еÑли ваÑа ÑабоÑа
поÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзованиÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо, еÑли ваÑа ÑабоÑа
поÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзованиÑ
неÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я Ð±Ñ ÑволилÑÑ Ñ
Ñакой ÑабоÑÑ. СÑали Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
@@ -647,7 +648,7 @@
<h3>ÐÑÑÑоеннÑе пÑиложениÑ</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑоеннÑе пÑиложениÑ
пÑеобладаÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑве вÑе
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑоеннÑе пÑиложениÑ
пÑеобладаÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑве вÑе
болÑÑе и болÑÑе. Ðозможно ли полноÑÑÑÑ
избегаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
оÑÑаваÑÑÑ Ð² Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² конÑакÑе Ñ
ÑовÑеменной ÑеÑ
никой?</p>
@@ -660,7 +661,7 @@
<h3>SCO</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑаеÑе на
поÑледние Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ SCO в адÑеÑ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑаеÑе на
поÑледние Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ SCO в адÑеÑ
ÑдÑа Linux?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐеÑÑнÑй и
оÑÑоÑожнÑй Ñ
аÑакÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
@@ -668,17 +669,17 @@
пÑивели, оказалиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÐµÑнÑми, говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾
Ñом, ÑÑо по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ пÑедÑÑвиÑÑ
неÑего.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак ÑÑо, по-ваÑемÑ, ÑкажеÑÑÑ
на ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ðак ÑÑо, по-ваÑемÑ, ÑкажеÑÑÑ
на ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Я не дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑо как-Ñо ÑкажеÑÑÑ, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо, Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, им неÑего пÑедÑÑвиÑÑ. Ðни
пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ, возможно,
они оÑпÑгнÑÑ ÑамÑÑ
ÑобкиÑ
.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐжидаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо на ÑÑде
бÑдÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑждаÑÑ GPL?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐжидаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо на ÑÑде
бÑдÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑждаÑÑ GPL?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðе знаÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐеÑÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑо?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐеÑÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑо?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. ÐÑ ÑÑиÑаем, ÑÑо
GPL вÑдеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑкÑ
ÑÑдом, но никакой ÑазÑмнÑй Ñеловек не
ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÑ Ð»ÐµÐ·ÑÑ Ð² дÑакÑ, даже еÑли
@@ -688,7 +689,7 @@
наводÑÑ Ð½Ð° мÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо SCO по ÑÑÑи
неÑего пÑедÑÑвиÑÑ, ÑÑо они пÑоÑÑо
Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÑо?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. Ð ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÑо?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðни надеÑÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо какие-Ñо компании
заплаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼, и Microsoft Ñже заплаÑила.</p>
@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@
не знаÑÑ, наÑколÑко ÑÑо ÑмеÑно. Так ÑÑо они
дÑмаÑÑ: “SCO говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ñо,
IBM говоÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑо, оÑкÑда Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, кÑо
пÑав?”</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо пÑипаÑено длÑ
СÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной лиÑензии
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ЧÑо пÑипаÑено длÑ
СÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной лиÑензии
GNU (GPL)? ÐланиÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðа, но Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑе не
вполне опÑеделилиÑÑ Ñ Ñем,
@@ -706,7 +707,7 @@
<h3>УÑаÑÑие</h3>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ какое-Ñо дÑÑгое
ÑекÑÑее ÑобÑÑие, к коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ какое-Ñо дÑÑгое
ÑекÑÑее ÑобÑÑие, к коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. РпÑоÑлом годÑ
FCC ÑеÑил ÑÑебоваÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое
@@ -718,7 +719,7 @@
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñ
оÑÑÑ ÑеÑаÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ñ Ð»Ñдей.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СмоÑÑиÑе ли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо
опÑимиÑÑиÑеÑки?</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СмоÑÑиÑе ли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо
опÑимиÑÑиÑеÑки?</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>. Ðе знаÑ. Ðо
пÑиÑоде Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÑимиÑÑ. Ðногие
могÑÑ Ð¿ÑодолжаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾ÑоÑÑÑÑ, ÑолÑко когда
дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо победÑÑ. Я не Ñакой, Ñ
@@ -734,10 +735,18 @@
ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑой неделе, и на
ÑледÑÑÑей, и Ñак далее. УделиÑе
немного вÑемени боÑÑбе за ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, и
Ð¼Ñ Ñможем победиÑÑ.</p>
-<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СпаÑибо.</p>
+<p><strong>ÐжÐ</strong>. СпаÑибо.</p>
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>: Ðо новÑÑ
вÑÑÑеÑ!</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>ÐÑÑоÑник: <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
+kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> [аÑÑ
ив]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -746,7 +755,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -766,7 +775,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -795,8 +804,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2017, 2018 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews<br
-/>Copyright © 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation (translation)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews<br />Copyright
+© 2017, 2021 Free Software Foundation (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -816,7 +825,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:29 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/rms-kol.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-kol.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/rms-kol.ru.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:31 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/rms-kol.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.10
@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/rms-kol.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>РеÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмена в ÐалÑкÑÑÑе (2006) - ÐÑоекÑ
GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
-обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+<title>РеÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмена о ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑве Ðападной Ðенгалии
+(2006) - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kol.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
-<h2>РеÑÑ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑда СÑолмена в ÐалÑкÑÑÑе,
авгÑÑÑ 2006 года</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>РеÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑве Ðападной Ðенгалии</h2>
-<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>ÐапиÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÐалÑкÑÑÑе в авгÑÑÑе
2006 года</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>ÐÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко пÑиÑин, по коÑоÑÑм Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑвлÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑниÑÑом. ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· ниÑ
заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑоÑив идеи
ÑаÑÑного пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва, до ÑеÑ
@@ -177,6 +189,7 @@
каÑаÑÑÑоÑиÑеÑкое Ñнижение баÑноÑловнÑÑ
пÑибÑлей некоÑоÑÑÑ
пÑедпÑиÑÑий! У
иноÑÑÑанÑев не должно бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑиÑеÑкой
влаÑÑи. ЧÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ, Ñо Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
ее неÑ.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -194,7 +207,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -206,7 +219,7 @@
<p>
<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
-
+/media/Gnu-local/www/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html
We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
@@ -214,7 +227,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -243,8 +256,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2006, 2019 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2013,
-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2013,
+2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -264,11 +277,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:31 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html 1 Jul 2020 17:03:00 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,43 +1,56 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.87 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>СÑолмен на ÐовозеландÑком Ñадио -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) { .toc li { display: inline-block; width: 95%; }}
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>СÑолмен на ÐовозеландÑком Ñадио</h2>
-<p><em>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ Ðима Хилла (ведÑÑий) Ñ Ð
иÑаÑдом СÑолменом</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>ÐапиÑÑ (Ðжима ЧиÑема) инÑеÑвÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ
Ðимом Хиллаом(ведÑÑий) Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑдом
+СÑолменом в окÑÑбÑе 2009 года</p>
+</div>
-<div class="summary">
-<h3>РазделÑ</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>[<a href="#t0">00:00</a>] Ðведение</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1">00:40</a>] Слежка</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2">00:19</a>] ТеÑÑоÑизм и 11 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3">04:30</a>] ÐаÑак Ðбама</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t4">06:23</a>] ÐезопаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
авиалиниÑÑ
</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t5">08:02</a>] ЦиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлежка</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t6">10:26</a>] СиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñлежка</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t7">12:20</a>] Слежка в ÑакÑи</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t8">14:25</a>] Ðело пÑинÑипа — ÑоÑовÑе
ÑелеÑонÑ</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t9">15:33</a>] СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
Ñвобода</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t10">17:24</a>] ÐоговоÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободной
ÑоÑговле</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t11">20:08</a>] ÐвÑомобили, СÐЧ и
ÑамолеÑÑ</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t12">21:05</a>] ÐопиÑование книг</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t13">25:31</a>] ÐлекÑÑоннÑе книги и
поддеÑжка иÑкÑÑÑÑва</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t14">28:42</a>] ÐикÑоплаÑежи</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t15">30:47</a>] ÐÑимиÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ
полиÑики?</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t16">32:51</a>] ÐоÑ
од</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t17">33:48</a>] ЦиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑники —
Amazon Kindle</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t18">36:13</a>] ÐокÑпка книг</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t19">37:16</a>] СоÑиалÑнÑе ÑеÑи</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t20">38:08</a>] <abbr>ACTA</abbr></li>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">РазделÑ</h3>
+<ul class="columns no-bullet">
+<li><a href="#t0">[00:00] Ðведение</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1">[00:40] Слежка</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2">[00:19] ТеÑÑоÑизм и 11 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3">[04:30] ÐаÑак Ðбама</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t4">[06:23] ÐезопаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° авиалиниÑÑ
</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t5">[08:02] ЦиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлежка</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t6">[10:26] СиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñлежка</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t7">[12:20] Слежка в ÑакÑи</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t8">[14:25] Ðело пÑинÑипа — ÑоÑовÑе
ÑелеÑонÑ</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t9">[15:33] СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
Ñвобода</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t10">[17:24] ÐоговоÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободной
ÑоÑговле</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t11">[20:08] ÐвÑомобили, СÐЧ и
ÑамолеÑÑ</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t12">[21:05] ÐопиÑование книг</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t13">[25:31] ÐлекÑÑоннÑе книги и
поддеÑжка иÑкÑÑÑÑва</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t14">[28:42] ÐикÑоплаÑежи</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t15">[30:47] ÐÑимиÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ
полиÑики?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t16">[32:51] ÐоÑ
од</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t17">[33:48] ЦиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑники — Amazon
Kindle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t18">[36:13] ÐокÑпка книг</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t19">[37:16] СоÑиалÑнÑе ÑеÑи</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t20">[38:08] <abbr>ACTA</abbr></a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
@@ -933,13 +946,14 @@
</dl>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">ÐÑимеÑание</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">ÐÑимеÑание</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">[2019] ТепеÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем ÑÑо <a
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"><span lang="en"
xml:lang="en">Swindle</span></a>, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо оно
ÑпÑоекÑиÑовано, ÑÑобÑ
моÑенниÑеÑки оÑнимаÑÑ Ñ ÑиÑаÑелей
ÑÑадиÑионнÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑаÑелей книг.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -954,7 +968,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -974,7 +988,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -987,26 +1001,8 @@
пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<!-- This page is an exception; only the web page copyright year should
- get updated. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (web
page)</p>
-<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham (transcript)</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham (transcript)<br />Copyright ©
+2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
<p>ÐÑа запиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпна по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
@@ -1028,11 +1024,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2020/07/01 17:03:00 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/stallman-kth.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/stallman-kth.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- philosophy/stallman-kth.ru.html 1 Jul 2020 17:03:00 -0000 1.27
+++ philosophy/stallman-kth.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,54 +1,77 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/stallman-kth.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>ÐекÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² ШвеÑии - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+<title>ÐекÑÐ¸Ñ RMS в ÐТРв ШвеÑии - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
-<h2>ÐекÑÐ¸Ñ RMS в ÐТР(ШвеÑиÑ), 30 окÑÑбÑÑ
1986 года</h2>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<p><em>(Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (ÐоÑолевÑкий ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий инÑÑиÑÑÑ))<br />
-СÑокголÑм, ШвеÑиÑ</em></p>
-<p><em> ÐÑганизована ÑÑÑденÑеÑким
обÑеÑÑвом<br />
-“Datorföreningen Stacken”<br />
-30 окÑÑбÑÑ 1986 года</em></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>ÐекÑÐ¸Ñ RMS в ÐТР(ШвеÑиÑ), 1986 год</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>ÐапиÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑда СÑолмена в <i
lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Kungliga
+Tekniska Högskolan</i> (ÐоÑолевÑком ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком
инÑÑиÑÑÑе) в СÑокголÑме
+(ШвеÑиÑ), оÑганизованного ÑÑÑденÑеÑким
обÑеÑÑом <i lang="sv"
+xml:lang="sv">Datorföreningen Stacken</i> 30 окÑÑбÑÑ
+1986 года.
+</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<p><strong>[ÐÑимеÑание. ÐÑо Ñлегка
оÑÑедакÑиÑованнÑй конÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ ÑаÑÑказа. Ðак
-Ñаковой, он ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ложнÑе вÑÑÑплениÑ, и
обоÑоÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе еÑÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><i>ÐÑимеÑание. ÐÑо Ñлегка
оÑÑедакÑиÑованнÑй конÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ ÑаÑÑказа. Ðак
Ñаковой,
+он ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ложнÑе вÑÑÑплениÑ, и обоÑоÑÑ,
коÑоÑÑе еÑÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²
ÑазговоÑном английÑком, но на бÑмаге
вÑглÑдÑÑ ÑÑÑанно. ÐеÑÑно, как вÑпÑавиÑÑ
иÑ
в дÑÑ
е лиÑеÑаÑÑÑного английÑкого ÑзÑка
без ‘наÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ иÑÑ
одной
-ÑеÑÑÑ’.]</strong></p>
+ÑеÑÑÑ’.</i></p>
+</div>
-<p>ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ ÑÑи веÑи, о коÑоÑÑÑ
лÑди
Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑлÑÑаÑÑ. С
-одной ÑÑоÑонÑ, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñмал, ÑÑо лÑÑÑее, о ÑÑм
можно ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÑбÑ
-Ñ
акеÑов,— ÑÑо на ÑÑо бÑл поÑ
ож MIT
(ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкий ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий
-инÑÑиÑÑÑ) в пÑежние вÑемена. ЧÑо делало
ÐабоÑаÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑкÑÑÑÑвенного
-инÑеллекÑа Ñаким оÑобеннÑм меÑÑом. Ðо мне
говоÑÑÑ ÐµÑÑ, ÑÑо поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ
-ÑовÑем не Ñе лÑди, коÑоÑÑе бÑли на
конÑеÑенÑии в понеделÑник и во вÑоÑник,
-ÑÑо Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² пÑоекÑе GNU, и ÑÑо мне
-ÑледÑÐµÑ ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
и инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ могÑÑ
+<p><b>Rms</b>. ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ ÑÑи веÑи, о
коÑоÑÑÑ
лÑди Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
+ÑÑлÑÑаÑÑ. С одной ÑÑоÑонÑ, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñмал, ÑÑо
лÑÑÑее, о ÑÑм можно ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ
+здеÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÑÐ±Ñ Ñ
акеÑов,— ÑÑо на ÑÑо бÑл поÑ
ож MIT (ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкий
+ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий инÑÑиÑÑÑ) в пÑежние вÑемена.
ЧÑо делало ÐабоÑаÑоÑиÑ
+иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа Ñаким
оÑобеннÑм меÑÑом. Ðо мне говоÑÑÑ ÐµÑÑ, ÑÑо
+поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ ÑовÑем не Ñе лÑди, коÑоÑÑе
бÑли на конÑеÑенÑии в понеделÑник
+и во вÑоÑник, ÑÑо Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом,
ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² пÑоекÑе GNU, и
+ÑÑо мне ÑледÑÐµÑ ÑаÑÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, поÑемÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ могÑÑ
пÑинадлежаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло, ÑÑо
знаÑÐ¸Ñ — вÑего ÑÑи ÑаÑÑказа,
а поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° из ÑÑиÑ
пÑедмеÑов занÑли
по ÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй, знаÑиÑ, Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑ
бÑдем доволÑно долго. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñла
мÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо, навеÑно, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ бÑ
ÑазбиÑÑ ÑÑо на ÑÑи ÑаÑÑи, и лÑди могли бÑ
вÑйÑи на ÑеÑ
ÑаÑÑÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑе им
неинÑеÑеÑнÑ, и ÑÑо Ñогда, когда Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¹Ð´Ñ Ðº
конÑÑ ÑаÑÑи, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑо конеÑ, и лÑди могÑÑ Ð²ÑйÑи, а Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ
поÑлаÑÑ Ð¯Ð½Ð° Ð Ñнинга пÑивеÑÑи дÑÑгиÑ
-лÑдей. (ÐÑо-Ñо говоÑиÑ: “Janne, han trenger ingen
mike”
-(пеÑевод: “Янне, ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ надо
микÑоÑона.”)). Ян, Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑовÑ
-вÑбегаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑиводиÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей? Jmr: Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
микÑоÑон, и ÑÑо-Ñо
-подÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ, ÑÑо он — внÑÑÑи
ÑÑого запеÑÑого ÑкаÑа. Rms: ÐÑ,
-в пÑежние вÑемена в ÐабоÑаÑоÑии ÐРмÑ
взÑли Ð±Ñ ÐºÑÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð´Ñ Ð¸ взломали его, и
-ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð²ÐµÑÑа бÑла Ð±Ñ ÑÑоком вÑÑкомÑ,
кÑо поÑмел Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ, в
-ÑÑм лÑди нÑждаÑÑÑÑ. Ðо Ñ, к ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ,
пÑакÑиковалÑÑ Ð² болгаÑÑком пении, Ñак
-ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ обойÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· микÑоÑона.</p>
+лÑдей.</p>
+
+<p><span>[ÐÑо-Ñо говоÑиÑ: “<i lang="sv" xml:lang="sv">Janne,
han trenger
+ingen mike</i>” (пеÑевод: “Янне, ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ надо
+микÑоÑона.”).]</span></p>
+
+<p>Ян, Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑбегаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑиводиÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей?</p>
+
+<p><b>Jmr</b>. Я иÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑон, и ÑÑо-Ñо
подÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ, ÑÑо он —
+внÑÑÑи ÑÑого запеÑÑого ÑкаÑа.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rms</b>. ÐÑ, в пÑежние вÑемена в
ÐабоÑаÑоÑии ÐÐ Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð·Ñли Ð±Ñ ÐºÑÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð´Ñ Ð¸
+взломали его, и ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð²ÐµÑÑа бÑла бÑ
ÑÑоком вÑÑкомÑ, кÑо поÑмел бÑ
+закÑÑÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ, в ÑÑм лÑди нÑждаÑÑÑÑ.
Ðо Ñ, к ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, пÑакÑиковалÑÑ Ð²
+болгаÑÑком пении, Ñак ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾
обойÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· микÑоÑона.</p>
<p>РвÑÑ-Ñаки, ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ мне ÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾ ÑаÑÑÑÑ
-ÑаÑÑказа, или Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо Ñ
оÑиÑе оÑÑидеÑÑ
вÑе ÑÑи ÑаÑÑи? (ÐÑвеÑ: Ðа-а)</p>
+ÑаÑÑказа, или Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо Ñ
оÑиÑе оÑÑидеÑÑ
вÑе ÑÑи ÑаÑÑи? <span>[ÐÑвеÑ:
+Ðа-а]</span></p>
<p>Ðогда Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñал пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо бÑло в
1969 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² лабоÑаÑоÑии IBM в
ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑке. ÐоÑле ÑÑого Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑл в ÑÑилиÑе Ñ
оÑделением инÑоÑмаÑики, навеÑное,
@@ -380,8 +403,9 @@
вÑегда ÑабоÑали под моим именем по двое и
по ÑÑое ÑÑазÑ, Ñак ÑÑо они наÑали
блокиÑоваÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ. Рк ÑомÑ
вÑемени Ñ Ð²ÑÑ Ñавно Ñже в оÑновном
ÑабоÑал на дÑÑгиÑ
маÑинаÑ
, Ñак ÑÑо в конÑе
конÑов Ñ Ð¿ÑекÑаÑил вклÑÑаÑÑ ÐµÑ
-обÑаÑно. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð² ÑÑм дело. Я не вÑ
одил в
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвоим именем… [Ð
-ÑÑом меÑÑе RMS бÑл пÑеÑван бÑÑнÑми
аплодиÑменÑами]…</p>
+обÑаÑно. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð² ÑÑм дело. Я не вÑ
одил в
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвоим
+именем…<span>[Ð ÑÑом меÑÑе RMS бÑл пÑеÑван
бÑÑнÑми
+аплодиÑменÑами]</span>…</p>
<p>Ðо когда они впеÑвÑе полÑÑили ÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Twenex, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑло на Ñме
неÑколÑко изменений, коÑоÑÑе они Ñ
оÑели
внеÑÑи. Ðзменений в Ñом, как
@@ -496,8 +520,8 @@
веÑей. ÐомпилÑÑоÑ, конеÑно, бÑл напиÑан на
ÑÑом ÑзÑке, и Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ бÑло много
ÑложнÑÑ
оÑобенноÑÑей Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑимизаÑии
иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñего ÑÑого. ÐапÑимеÑ,
Ñип “ÑÑÑока” в ÑÑом ÑзÑке бÑл
паÑамеÑÑизованнÑм; можно бÑло
-ÑказаÑÑ “ÑÑÑока(n)”, еÑли Ñебе нÑжна
бÑла ÑÑÑока опÑеделÑнной
-длинÑ; ÑÑ Ñакже мог пÑоÑÑо ÑказаÑÑ
“ÑÑÑока”, и паÑамеÑÑ
+ÑказаÑÑ <code>ÑÑÑока(n)</code>, еÑли Ñебе нÑжна
бÑла ÑÑÑока опÑеделÑнной
+длинÑ; ÑÑ Ñакже мог пÑоÑÑо ÑказаÑÑ
<code>ÑÑÑока</code>, и паÑамеÑÑ
опÑеделÑлÑÑ Ð¸Ð· конÑекÑÑа. ÐÑ Ð²Ð¾Ñ, ÑÑÑоки
оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñ, и Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
конÑÑÑÑкÑий, полÑзÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸, необÑ
одимо
бÑÑÑÑое иÑполнение, а ÑÑо знаÑиÑ,
ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
должно бÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ оÑобенноÑÑей
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑакиÑ
веÑей, как:
@@ -655,8 +679,8 @@
поÑÑÐ´ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑ, или можно легко
ÑоÑлаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° поÑледний ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
знаком доллаÑа. Ð ÑÑо знаÑиÑелÑно
облегÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÑлеживание ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ
ÑпиÑка. ÐÑли еÑÑÑ Ð»Ñбого Ñода ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑа C,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ ÑказаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð°
-дÑÑгÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, можно пÑоÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ
ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ñоде “PRINT
-*$.next”, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ: “ÐзÑÑÑ ÑледÑÑÑее
поле из поÑледнего, ÑÑо
+дÑÑгÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, можно пÑоÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ
ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ñоде <code>PRINT
+*$.next</code>, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ: “ÐзÑÑÑ ÑледÑÑÑее
поле из поÑледнего, ÑÑо
ÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ показал, и показаÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо”. Ð
можно повÑоÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ, и каждÑй Ñаз
ÑÑ ÑвидиÑÑ ÑледÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑпиÑке. Ð Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº в лÑбом дÑÑгом
оÑладÑике C, коÑоÑÑй Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ»,
@@ -680,40 +704,40 @@
пÑогÑамме Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑдÑÑим знаÑением, коÑоÑое
ÑÑ ÑоÑ
Ñанил в пеÑеменной
оÑладÑика. ÐÑÑгое, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñего иÑ
можно
пÑименÑÑÑ — ÑÑо подÑÑÑÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, кÑоме пÑоÑего,
пÑиÑÐ²Ð°Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ — ÑÑо вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ C,
-ÑледоваÑелÑно, ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ
“$foo+=5” Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвелиÑениÑ
-велиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ “$foo” на пÑÑÑ, или пÑоÑÑо
ÑделаÑÑ
-“$foo++”. ÐÑо можно делаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ в
ÑÑловной ÑоÑке оÑÑанова, Ñак
+ÑледоваÑелÑно, ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ
<code>$foo+=5</code> Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвелиÑениÑ
+велиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ <code>$foo</code> на пÑÑÑ, или пÑоÑÑо
ÑделаÑÑ
+<code>$foo++</code>. ÐÑо можно делаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ в
ÑÑловной ÑоÑке оÑÑанова, Ñак
ÑÑо ÑÑо деÑÑвÑй ÑпоÑоб оÑÑанавливаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
каждÑй деÑÑÑÑй Ñаз, когда
-пÑоÑ
одиÑÑÑ ÑоÑка, можно ÑделаÑÑ
“$foo--==0”. ÐÑем понÑÑно?
-УменÑÑиÑÑ $foo, и еÑли ÑÑо — нолÑ,
оÑÑановиÑÑÑÑ. Ð Ñогда ÑÑ
-ÑÑÑанавливаеÑÑ $foo ÑавнÑм ÑиÑÐ»Ñ Ñаз,
коÑоÑое Ñ
оÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÑопÑÑÑиÑÑ, и
-оÑпÑÑкаеÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. ÐÑÑ ÑÑо можно пÑименÑÑÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑки ÑлеменÑов
+пÑоÑ
одиÑÑÑ ÑоÑка, можно ÑделаÑÑ
<code>$foo--==0</code>. ÐÑем понÑÑно?
+УменÑÑиÑÑ foo, и еÑли ÑÑо — нолÑ,
оÑÑановиÑÑÑÑ. Ð Ñогда ÑÑ
+ÑÑÑанавливаеÑÑ <code>$foo</code> ÑавнÑм ÑиÑÐ»Ñ Ñаз,
коÑоÑое Ñ
оÑеÑÑ
+пÑопÑÑÑиÑÑ, и оÑпÑÑкаеÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. ÐÑÑ ÑÑо можно
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑки ÑлеменÑов
маÑÑива. ÐÑедположим, Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑив
ÑказаÑелей, Ñогда ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑ
ÑделаÑÑ:</p>
-<pre>PRINT X[$foo++]</pre>
+<pre><code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code></pre>
<p>Ðо ÑнаÑала ÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑÑ</p>
-<pre>SET $foo=0</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $foo=0</code></pre>
-<p>Ðадно, когда делаеÑÑ ÑÑо [показÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
вÑÑажение PRINT], ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаеÑÑ
-нÑлевой ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ X, а Ñогда делаеÑÑ ÑÑо
Ñнова и полÑÑаеÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвÑй ÑлеменÑ, и
-пÑедположим, ÑÑо ÑказаÑели на ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ,
Ñогда ÑÑ, навеÑное, поÑÑавиÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ
-звÑздоÑÐºÑ [пеÑед X в вÑÑажении PRINT], и каждÑй
Ñаз он вÑÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑледÑÑÑÑÑ
-ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, на коÑоÑÑÑ ÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑлеменÑ
маÑÑива. Ð, конеÑно, ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑ
-повÑоÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ, Ð½Ð°Ð¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑаÑ
каÑеÑки. ÐÑли повÑоÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвеннÑÑ
-ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно, можно ÑоздаÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑÑкÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ. Ðожно ÑказаÑÑ:
-“Define Mumble”, а поÑом ÑÑ Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко
ÑÑÑок команд, а
-поÑом говоÑиÑÑ “end”. Ð Ñже опÑеделена
команда
-“Mumble”, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÐµÑ ÑÑи ÑÑÑоки.
РоÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¾ помеÑаÑÑ
-ÑÑи опÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² команднÑй Ñайл. Ркаждом
каÑалоге Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
-команднÑй Ñайл, коÑоÑÑй бÑдеÑ
авÑомаÑиÑеÑки загÑÑжаÑÑÑÑ, когда
запÑÑкаеÑÑ
-оÑладÑик, наÑ
одÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑом каÑалоге. Так ÑÑо
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¹ пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
-опÑеделиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑÑкиÑ
команд
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпа к ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑам даннÑÑ
,
-полезнÑй Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðожно даже
ÑнабжаÑÑ Ñвои полÑзоваÑелÑÑкие
-ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑией, Ñак ÑÑо они ÑÑанÑÑ
обÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑвами ÑпÑавки
-ÑоÑно Ñак же, как вÑÑÑоеннÑе командÑ.</p>
+<p>Ðадно, когда делаеÑÑ ÑÑо [показÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
вÑÑажение <code>PRINT</code>], ÑÑ
+полÑÑаеÑÑ Ð½Ñлевой ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ X, а Ñогда
делаеÑÑ ÑÑо Ñнова и полÑÑаеÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвÑй
+ÑлеменÑ, и пÑедположим, ÑÑо ÑказаÑели на
ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, Ñогда ÑÑ, навеÑное,
+поÑÑавиÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð·Ð²ÑздоÑÐºÑ [пеÑед X в
вÑÑажении <code>PRINT</code>], и каждÑй
+Ñаз он вÑÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑледÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, на
коÑоÑÑÑ ÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑива. Ð,
+конеÑно, ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑоÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ,
Ð½Ð°Ð¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑеÑки. ÐÑли
+повÑоÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвеннÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ
недоÑÑаÑоÑно, можно ÑоздаÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑÑкÑÑ
+командÑ. Ðожно ÑказаÑÑ: <code>Define Mumble</code>, а
поÑом ÑÑ Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ
+неÑколÑко ÑÑÑок команд, а поÑом говоÑиÑÑ
<code>end</code>. Ð Ñже опÑеделена
+команда <code>Mumble</code>, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÐµÑ ÑÑи
ÑÑÑоки. РоÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¾
+помеÑаÑÑ ÑÑи опÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² команднÑй Ñайл.
Ркаждом каÑалоге Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
+бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð½Ñй Ñайл, коÑоÑÑй бÑдеÑ
авÑомаÑиÑеÑки загÑÑжаÑÑÑÑ, когда
+запÑÑкаеÑÑ Ð¾ÑладÑик, наÑ
одÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑом
каÑалоге. Так ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¹ пÑогÑаммÑ
+можно опÑеделиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑÑкиÑ
команд Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпа к ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑам
+даннÑÑ
, полезнÑй Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðожно
даже ÑнабжаÑÑ Ñвои
+полÑзоваÑелÑÑкие ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑией,
Ñак ÑÑо они ÑÑанÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑедÑÑвами ÑпÑавки ÑоÑно Ñак же, как
вÑÑÑоеннÑе командÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑÑ ÑÑого
оÑладÑика — ÑпоÑобноÑÑÑ
оÑбÑаÑÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð´ÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑека. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ
ÑÑиÑаÑ, ÑÑо важно не ÑолÑко имеÑÑ
@@ -726,12 +750,12 @@
поÑок команд. Ð ÑÑом оÑладÑике можно
поменÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñок команд оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо,
говоÑÑ:</p>
-<pre>SET $PC=<некоÑоÑое ÑиÑло></pre>
+<pre><code>SET $PC=<некоÑоÑое ÑиÑло></code></pre>
<p>Так можно ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑик команд.
Ðожно Ñакже ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ ÑказаÑелÑ
ÑÑека, или можно ÑказаÑÑ:</p>
-<pre>SET $SP+=<ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ>,</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $SP+=<ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ>,</code></pre>
<p>еÑли Ñ
оÑеÑÑ ÑвелиÑиÑÑ ÑказаÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑека на
опÑеделÑннÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑинÑ. Ðо вдобавок
можно велеÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделÑнной
ÑÑÑоки в пÑогÑамме, можно ÑÑÑановиÑÑ
@@ -740,8 +764,8 @@
Ñ
оÑел вÑзÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑÑнкÑиÑ? Скажем, ÑÑа
ÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ñак навоÑоÑена, ÑÑо на Ñамом
деле ÑÑ Ñ
оÑеÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð· Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ и
ÑделаÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑнÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо ÑÑа ÑÑнкÑиÑ
должна бÑла ÑделаÑÑ. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑого можно
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð¾Ð¹
-“RETURN”. Ð¢Ñ Ð²ÑбиÑаеÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ ÑÑека и
говоÑиÑÑ:
-“RETURN”, и ÑÑо пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑоÑ
ÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ ÑÑека и вÑÑ, ÑÑо
+<code>RETURN</code>. Ð¢Ñ Ð²ÑбиÑаеÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ ÑÑека и
говоÑиÑÑ:
+<code>RETURN</code>, и ÑÑо пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑоÑ
ÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ ÑÑека и вÑÑ, ÑÑо
он вклÑÑаеÑ, оÑбÑаÑÑваеÑÑÑ, как еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑа
ÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÑÑилаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑмо
ÑейÑаÑ, и ÑÑ Ñакже можеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñение,
коÑоÑое она должна
веÑнÑÑÑ. ÐÑполнение не пÑодолжаеÑÑÑ; он
Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´, ÑÑо пÑоизоÑло
@@ -786,7 +810,7 @@
алгебÑаиÑеÑкой запиÑи. ÐапÑимеÑ, командÑ
ADD можно бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавиÑÑ Ñак:</p>
<pre>
- r[3]=r[2]+4
+ <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>
</pre>
<p>ÐÑо в иÑ
компилÑÑоÑе пÑедÑÑавлÑло бÑ
командÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±ÐµÑÑÑ ÑодеÑжимое
@@ -825,20 +849,20 @@
ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑÑиÑ
вÑÑажений. ЧÑо-Ñо
вÑоде ÑÑого:</p>
<pre>
- (set (reg 2)
- (+ (reg 2)
- (int 4)))
+ <code>(set (reg 2)</code>
+ <code>(+ (reg 2)</code>
+ <code>(int 4)))</code>
</pre>
<p>ÐÑо вÑглÑдиÑ, как LISP, но ÑеманÑика ÑÑого
не ÑовÑем, как в LISP, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
каждÑй Ñимвол здеÑÑ ÑаÑпознаÑÑÑÑ
обоÑобленно. ÐÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑнÑй ÑикÑиÑованнÑй
Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ ÑÑиÑ
Ñимволов, коÑоÑÑй опÑеделÑн,
вÑÑ, ÑÑо нÑжно. Ð Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ еÑÑÑ
-конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ñипов паÑамеÑÑов,
напÑимеÑ, Ñ “reg” ÑÑо
-вÑегда Ñелое, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑегиÑÑÑÑ
пеÑенÑмеÑованÑ, а “+”
-пÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° подвÑÑажениÑ, и Ñак далее. Ð
Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ из ÑÑиÑ
вÑÑажений еÑÑÑ
-Ñакже Ñип даннÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑй по ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑ
говоÑиÑ, ÑикÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
-плаваÑÑаÑ, и ÑколÑко байÑов — длина.
ÐÑо можно ÑаÑÑиÑиÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
-пÑинимаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ внимание дÑÑгие аÑпекÑÑ, еÑли
понадобиÑÑÑ.</p>
+конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ñипов паÑамеÑÑов,
напÑимеÑ, Ñ <code>reg</code> ÑÑо
+вÑегда Ñелое, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑегиÑÑÑÑ
пеÑенÑмеÑованÑ, а <code>+</code> пÑинимаеÑ
+два подвÑÑажениÑ, и Ñак далее. Ð Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
из ÑÑиÑ
вÑÑажений еÑÑÑ Ñакже Ñип
+даннÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑй по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑ,
ÑикÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ плаваÑÑаÑ, и
+ÑколÑко байÑов — длина. ÐÑо можно
ÑаÑÑиÑиÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾
+внимание дÑÑгие аÑпекÑÑ, еÑли
понадобиÑÑÑ.</p>
<p>РавÑомаÑиÑеÑкое ÑаÑпÑеделение
ÑегиÑÑÑов Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ñак, ÑÑо когда Ñ
изнаÑалÑно
генеÑиÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´ и когда Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ
обÑединение и вÑÑ Ñакое, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¹
@@ -882,7 +906,7 @@
ÑмоÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо деÑево и генеÑиÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð´
вÑоде ÑÑого [код, поÑ
ожий на
LISP]. ÐоÑом неÑколÑко пÑоÑ
одов опÑимизаÑии.
Ðдин — ÑÑобÑ
обÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑи вÑоде пеÑеÑ
одов ÑеÑез
пеÑеÑ
одÑ, пеÑеÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° пеÑеÑ
одÑ,
-пеÑеÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° .+1, вÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑпÑоÑено
немедленно. ÐоÑом
+пеÑеÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° <code>.+1</code>, вÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
ÑпÑоÑено немедленно. ÐоÑом
ÑаÑпознаваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑ
подвÑÑажений, поÑом
наÑ
ождение базовÑÑ
блоков и
вÑполнение анализа поÑоков даннÑÑ
, ÑÑобÑ
знаÑÑ, какие велиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
в каждой команде, и никогда — поÑле
неÑ. Ð Ñакже ÑвÑзÑвание
@@ -932,13 +956,13 @@
Ñамом деле ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо не поÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо
он Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑвободиÑÑ ÑлиÑком много
вÑего, и ÑÑало бÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
ÑегиÑÑÑами, коÑоÑÑми мог бÑ.</p>
-<p>(ÐопÑоÑ: У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð° длÑ
32000?) Ðока неÑ, но, опÑÑÑ-Ñаки, вам
-нÑжен бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ генеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð°, а пÑоÑÑо
опиÑание маÑинÑ. СпиÑок вÑеÑ
-маÑиннÑÑ
команд в ÑÑом [лиÑпоподобном]
виде. Так ÑÑо ÑакÑиÑеÑки кÑоме ÑабоÑÑ
-по воплоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸ об огÑаниÑениÑÑ
на Ñо,
какие аÑгÑменÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²
-ÑегиÑÑÑаÑ
и в какиÑ
видаÑ
ÑегиÑÑÑов, ÑÑо
бÑло нÑжно Ð´Ð»Ñ 68000 и не нÑжно длÑ
-VAX, ÑабоÑа по пеÑеноÑÑ ÑÑого компилÑÑоÑа Ñ
VAX на 68000 занÑла вÑего
-неÑколÑко дней. Так ÑÑо пеÑеноÑиÑÑ Ð¾ÑенÑ
легко.</p>
+<p><span>[ÐопÑоÑ: У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð° длÑ
32000?]</span> Ðока неÑ, но,
+опÑÑÑ-Ñаки, вам нÑжен бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ генеÑаÑоÑ
кода, а пÑоÑÑо опиÑание
+маÑинÑ. СпиÑок вÑеÑ
маÑиннÑÑ
команд в ÑÑом
[лиÑпоподобном] виде. Так ÑÑо
+ÑакÑиÑеÑки кÑоме ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ воплоÑениÑ
идеи об огÑаниÑениÑÑ
на Ñо, какие
+аÑгÑменÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð² ÑегиÑÑÑаÑ
и в какиÑ
видаÑ
ÑегиÑÑÑов, ÑÑо бÑло нÑжно
+Ð´Ð»Ñ 68000 и не нÑжно Ð´Ð»Ñ VAX, ÑабоÑа по пеÑеноÑÑ
ÑÑого компилÑÑоÑа Ñ VAX на
+68000 занÑла вÑего неÑколÑко дней. Так ÑÑо
пеÑеноÑиÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾.</p>
<p>РнаÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¸Ð»ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑиÑÑеÑ
аÑÑемблеÑнÑй код и можеÑ
генеÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¾ÑладоÑнÑе даннÑе как в
ÑоÑмаÑе, коÑоÑÑй Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ DBX, Ñак и в
@@ -952,9 +976,9 @@
и Ñогда Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¸Ð»ÑÑоÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñ ÑаÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ — ÑÑо
-ÑдÑо. (ÐопÑоÑ: пеÑеÑÑв?) Ð, да, по-моемÑ, мÑ
забÑли пÑо пеÑеÑÑвÑ. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñ
-мне не законÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ñо ÑдÑо, ÑÑо должно
занÑÑÑ ÑолÑко около пÑÑи минÑÑ, а
-поÑом Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑделаÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑÑв.</p>
+ÑдÑо. <span>[ÐопÑоÑ: пеÑеÑÑв?]</span> Ð, да,
по-моемÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ñли пÑо
+пеÑеÑÑвÑ. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ не законÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
ÑдÑо, ÑÑо должно занÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
+около пÑÑи минÑÑ, а поÑом Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑделаÑÑ
пеÑеÑÑв.</p>
<p>ÐÑ Ð²Ð¾Ñ, в каÑеÑÑве ÑдÑа Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð·ÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ названием TRIX
(наÑколÑко Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, ÑÑо ниÑего не ознаÑаеÑ),
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð° как
@@ -985,7 +1009,7 @@
веÑÑий, воÑÑÑановление ÑдалÑннÑÑ
Ñайлов,
ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, когда и как и где
Ñайл зааÑÑ
ивиÑован на ленÑе, аÑомаÑное
замеÑение Ñайлов. Я ÑÑиÑаÑ, ÑÑо в
Unix Ñ
оÑоÑо, ÑÑо когда Ñайл запиÑÑваеÑÑÑ,
можно Ñже поÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо
-Ñам пÑоиÑÑ
одиÑ, напÑимеÑ, можно вÑзваÑÑ
“tail” и ÑзнаÑÑ, как
+Ñам пÑоиÑÑ
одиÑ, напÑимеÑ, можно вÑзваÑÑ
<code>tail</code> и ÑзнаÑÑ, как
далеко заÑло дело, ÑÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñлавно. РеÑли
пÑогÑамма ÑмиÑаеÑ, ÑаÑÑиÑно
запиÑав Ñайл, видно, ÑÑо она Ñделала. ÐÑÑ
ÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑо, но ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑаÑÑиÑно
запиÑаннÑй вÑвод никогда не должен
пÑинимаÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° полнÑй вÑвод, коÑоÑÑй ÑÑ
@@ -1004,15 +1028,15 @@
пÑоÑÑо ÑказÑваеÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñайла обÑÑнÑм
обÑазом. Ðо еÑли ÑÑ Ñ
оÑеÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ
ÑоÑное имÑ, либо поÑомÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑ Ñ
оÑеÑÑ Ñвно
задаÑÑ, какÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÑаÑÑ, либо
поÑомÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ñе не Ñ
оÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
веÑÑий, ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑаеÑÑ Ð² конеÑ
-ÑоÑкÑ. Так ÑÑо еÑли задаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñайла
“FOO”, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ:
+ÑоÑкÑ. Так ÑÑо еÑли задаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ñайла
<code>FOO</code>, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ:
“ÐÑкаÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑии, коÑоÑÑе еÑÑÑ Ñ FOO, и
взÑÑÑ ÑамÑÑ ÑвежÑÑ”. Ðо
-еÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ “FOO.”, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ:
“взÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑноÑÑи имÑ
-FOO, и ниÑÑо дÑÑгое”. ÐÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ
“FOO.3.”, ÑÑо
-говоÑиÑ: “взÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑноÑÑи Ð¸Ð¼Ñ FOO.3 ”,
Ñо еÑÑÑ, конеÑно, веÑÑиÑ
-ÑÑи FOO, и никакÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгÑÑ. ÐÑи вÑводе, еÑли ÑÑ
пÑоÑÑо говоÑиÑÑ
-“FOO”, она в конÑе конÑов ÑоздаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
веÑÑиÑ
-“FOO”, но еÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ “FOO.”,
она запиÑÐµÑ Ñайл,
-названнÑй в ÑоÑноÑÑи “FOO”.</p>
+еÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ <code>FOO.</code>, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ:
“взÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑноÑÑи имÑ
+FOO, и ниÑÑо дÑÑгое”. ÐÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ
<code>FOO.3.</code>, ÑÑо
+говоÑиÑ: “взÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑноÑÑи имÑ
<code>FOO.3</code>”, Ñо еÑÑÑ,
+конеÑно, веÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑи FOO, и никакÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгÑÑ.
ÐÑи вÑводе, еÑли ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
+говоÑиÑÑ <code>FOO</code>, она в конÑе конÑов
ÑоздаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ FOO, но
+еÑли ÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ <code>FOO.</code>, она запиÑеÑ
Ñайл, названнÑй в ÑоÑноÑÑи
+“FOO”.</p>
<p>ÐÑ, еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ðµ-какие ÑложноÑÑи, ÑвÑзаннÑе Ñ
пÑоÑабоÑкой вÑеÑ
деÑалей ÑÑого и
обÑледованием, не кÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñам
какие-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, не вÑйдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ из
@@ -1033,27 +1057,27 @@
иÑ
веÑÑий, Ñак ÑÑо еÑли в опÑеделÑнном
каÑалоге еÑÑÑ, напÑимеÑ, ÑайлÑ:</p>
<pre>
- foo.1 foo.2 bar.8
+ <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>
</pre>
-<p>ÐÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ “*”, ÑÑо
ÑквиваленÑно</p>
+<p>ÐÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ <code>*</code>, ÑÑо
ÑквиваленÑно</p>
<pre>
- foo bar
+ <code>foo bar</code>
</pre>
<p>поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо она беÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе имена и
оÑбÑаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
веÑÑии, и беÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе
-ÑазлиÑнÑе имена. Ðо еÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ:
“*.”, Ñогда она беÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе
+ÑазлиÑнÑе имена. Ðо еÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ: <code>*.</code>,
Ñогда она беÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе
имена в ÑоÑноÑÑи, ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñле
каждого, и ÑопоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸. Так ÑÑо
ÑÑо даÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ вÑе имена Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
индивидÑалÑнÑÑ
веÑÑий, коÑоÑÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑ.
Ð
-аналогиÑно, понÑÑна ÑазниÑа междÑ
“*.c” и “*.c.”:
-ÑÑо [пеÑвое] даÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑÑÑлки на вÑе
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ “*.c” без
-веÑÑий, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑо [вÑоÑое] даÑÑ Ð²Ñе
веÑÑии ... нÑ, на Ñамом деле не
-даÑÑ, надо ÑказаÑÑ “*.c.*.”. ÐдеÑÑ Ñ ÐµÑÑ
не пÑодÑмал деÑалей.</p>
+аналогиÑно, понÑÑна ÑазниÑа междÑ
<code>*.c</code> и <code>*.c.</code>: ÑÑо
+[пеÑвое] даÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑÑÑлки на вÑе
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ <code>*.c</code> без веÑÑий, в
+Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑо [вÑоÑое] даÑÑ Ð²Ñе веÑÑии ...
нÑ, на Ñамом деле не даÑÑ,
+надо ÑказаÑÑ <code>*.c.*.</code>; здеÑÑ Ñ ÐµÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
пÑодÑмал деÑалей.</p>
<p>ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð°
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделÑнно можно
внеÑÑи без поÑеÑи ÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи,— ÑÑо
ÑÑойкоÑÑÑ Ñайловой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ðº
ÑбоÑм. Рименно, запиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñе даннÑе на
диÑк в нÑжном поÑÑдке, ÑÑÑÑоиÑÑ
-Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ бÑло нажаÑÑ
“оÑÑанов” в лÑбое вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·
+Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ бÑло нажаÑÑ <kbd>оÑÑанов</kbd>
в лÑбое вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·
какого-либо наÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñайловой ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
диÑке. Ðак ÑÑо делаÑÑ, наÑÑолÑко
Ñ
оÑоÑо извеÑÑно, Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо не могÑ
пÑедÑÑавиÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÑо-Ñо мог бÑ
пÑенебÑегаÑÑ ÑÑим. ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ — еÑÑ
более избÑÑоÑнаÑ
@@ -1096,7 +1120,7 @@
дейÑÑвиÑелÑно пÑоÑивоÑеÑивое. Так ÑÑо не
ÑÑ
одиÑе пока. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ ÑйдÑÑе
ÑейÑаÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑопÑÑÑиÑе Ñамое инÑеÑеÑное.</p>
-<p>[ТÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл пÑÑнадÑаÑиминÑÑнÑй
пеÑеÑÑв.]</p>
+<p><strong>[ТÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл пÑÑнадÑаÑиминÑÑнÑй
пеÑеÑÑв.]</strong></p>
<p>ÐÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑили обÑÑвиÑÑ, как можно
полÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм GNU. ÐÑ, один
ÑпоÑоб, конеÑно, еÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñй
пÑиÑÑелÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ,
@@ -1542,12 +1566,12 @@
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑло вÑемени пÑоÑабоÑаÑÑ, как
ÑледÑеÑ, вÑÑ Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÑ] </strong></p>
<dl>
-<dt><strong>Ð:</strong> ÐÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ ÑоздаваÑÑ
вам пÑоблемÑ?</dt>
+<dt><b>Ð:</b> ÐÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ ÑоздаваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
пÑоблемÑ?</dt>
-<dd><p><strong>Ð:</strong> ÐдинÑÑвеннÑй Ñаз, когда
кÑо-Ñо пÑÑалÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ ÑоздаÑÑ
-пÑоблемÑ, ÑÑо бÑли Ñе ÑобÑÑвенники, Ñак
назÑваемÑе, ÑамозванÑе ÑобÑÑвенники
-Emacs ÐоÑлинга. ÐÑоме ÑÑого, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
неÑ
оÑнований Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо,
-Ñак ÑÑо они могÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñак Ñж много. ÐеждÑ
пÑоÑим, мне Ð±Ñ Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ Ð¿ÑивлеÑÑ
+<dd><p><b>Ð:</b> ÐдинÑÑвеннÑй Ñаз, когда кÑо-Ñо
пÑÑалÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ ÑоздаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, ÑÑо
+бÑли Ñе ÑобÑÑвенники, Ñак назÑваемÑе,
ÑамозванÑе ÑобÑÑвенники Emacs
+ÐоÑлинга. ÐÑоме ÑÑого, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñнований
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо, Ñак
+ÑÑо они могÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñак Ñж много. ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим,
мне Ð±Ñ Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ Ð¿ÑивлеÑÑ
внимание вÑеÑ
к ÑомÑ, как лÑди пÑименÑÑÑ
ÑзÑк Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
пооÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделÑннÑм
обÑазом и не дÑмаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾-дÑÑгомÑ. Ðногое из
ÑовÑеменной ÑеÑминологии в ÑÑой оÑÑаÑли
бÑло вÑбÑано ÑамозванÑми
@@ -1579,7 +1603,7 @@
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкого Ñдвига. СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑоиÑÑ
одиÑ
обÑаÑнÑй Ñдвиг. ÐндивидÑалÑное
копиÑование инÑоÑмаÑии вÑÑ ÑлÑÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¸
ÑлÑÑÑаеÑÑÑ, и Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼, ÑÑо пÑедел
пÑогÑеÑÑа ÑеÑ
ники — возможноÑÑÑ
копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбого Ñода
-инÑоÑмаÑии. [пеÑеÑÑв из-за пеÑевоÑоÑа
ленÑÑ]</p>
+инÑоÑмаÑии. <span>[пеÑеÑÑв из-за пеÑевоÑоÑа
ленÑÑ]</span></p>
<p>ÐÑак, Ð¼Ñ Ñнова в Ñом же положении, как в
дÑевнем миÑе, где в авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑаваÑ
не бÑло ÑмÑÑла.</p>
@@ -1644,17 +1668,16 @@
дейÑÑвиÑелÑнÑми ÑакÑами миÑа, в коÑоÑом мÑ
живÑм.</p>
</dd>
-<dt><strong>Ð:</strong> Так ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑводиÑÑÑ Ðº
Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑией. Ðак вÑ
-дÑмаеÑе, еÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ пÑимеÑÑ, когда, по ваÑемÑ
мнениÑ, Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего дÑÑного в Ñом,
-ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑией?</dt>
-
-<dd><p><strong>Ð:</strong> ÐÐ»Ñ Ñведений, коÑоÑÑе не
обÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ неÑÑÑ
-пеÑÑоналÑнÑй Ñ
аÑакÑеÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо ÑÑо
допÑÑÑимо. ÐÑÑгими Ñловами, не
-ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, как делаÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ, а о
Ñом, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑеваеÑеÑÑ
-делаÑÑ. СведениÑ, единÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑенноÑÑÑ
коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑпекÑлÑÑивна, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
-могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо денÑги, но
не могÑÑ ÑоздаÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ
-помоÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе оÑнованиÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñказал, Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ ÑÑи ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑекÑеÑе и
-под конÑÑолем.</p>
+<dt><b>Ð:</b> Так ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑводиÑÑÑ Ðº владениÑ
инÑоÑмаÑией. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе, еÑÑÑ
+ли пÑимеÑÑ, когда, по ваÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, неÑ
ниÑего дÑÑного в Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑ
+инÑоÑмаÑией?</dt>
+
+<dd><p><b>Ð:</b> ÐÐ»Ñ Ñведений, коÑоÑÑе не
обÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ неÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÑоналÑнÑй
+Ñ
аÑакÑеÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо ÑÑо допÑÑÑимо.
ÐÑÑгими Ñловами, не ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾
+Ñом, как делаÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ, а о Ñом, ÑÑо вÑ
намеÑеваеÑеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ. СведениÑ,
+единÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑенноÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
ÑпекÑлÑÑивна, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо денÑги, но не могÑÑ ÑоздаÑÑ
ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ
помоÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе
+оÑнованиÑ, Ñ Ð±Ñ Ñказал, Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ ÑÑи
ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑекÑеÑе и под конÑÑолем.</p>
<p>Ðо когда ÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвоÑÑеÑкой
инÑоÑмаÑии, инÑоÑмаÑии, Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой лÑди
могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑдоволÑÑÑвие и
коÑоÑой бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸
@@ -1662,6 +1685,7 @@
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñование.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -1673,7 +1697,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -1693,7 +1717,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -1723,9 +1747,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>
-Copyright © 1987, 2009, 2010, 2020 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth
-</p> <p>Copyright © 2009, 2011, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc. (translation)
+Copyright © 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth <br
+/>Copyright © 2009, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)
</p>
<p>
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
@@ -1744,11 +1767,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2020/07/01 17:03:00 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html 25 Jan 2020 10:02:47 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.2
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Freedom of Speech, Press and Association on the Internet
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Freedom of Speech, Press, and Association on the Internet</h2>
-
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
The Free Software Foundation supports the freedoms of speech, press, and
association on the Internet. Please check out:
@@ -34,14 +41,14 @@
</li>
<li>
- <a href="http://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
+ <a href="https://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
is a non-profit Internet digest, news service, library, dialogue
center, and archive dedicated to the promotion and defense of
international free thought, free speech, and privacy rights.
</li>
<li>
- The <a href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html";>Blue Ribbon Campaign</a>
+ The <a href="https://www.eff.org/pages/blue-ribbon-campaign";>Blue Ribbon
Campaign</a>
for Online Freedom of Speech, Press and Association.
</li>
@@ -62,10 +69,11 @@
communications.
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -83,18 +91,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-2007, 2014, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -104,7 +112,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/01/25 10:02:47 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po 16 Sep 2021 07:50:59 -0000
1.6
+++ philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.zh-cn.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.7
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-20 20:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
Index: philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:31
-0000 1.22
+++ philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.23
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Europe's “unitary patent” Could Mean Unlimited
Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited
-software patents</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>
-The Guardian</a></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Europe's “unitary patent” Could Mean Unlimited
+Software Patents</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>the
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>the
long anticipated all-out software patent wars</a> that we have
anticipated, the European Union has a plan to follow the same course.
When the Hargreaves report urged the UK to avoid software patents, the
@@ -20,12 +26,13 @@
<p>Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they
impose monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to
develop nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See
-“Software Patents and Literary Patents”, Guardian, June 20,
-2005.</p>
+“<a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html">Software
+Patents and Literary Patents</a>.” <!-- Guardian, June 23,
+2005 --></p>
<p>Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands
of them. Google recently estimated there <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>might
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>might
be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure
plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating
system implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the
@@ -42,8 +49,8 @@
<p>The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by
laymen, it appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it
required a patent application to have a physical aspect. However, it
-did not require the “inventive step”, the advance that
-constitutes a patentable “invention”, to be physical.</p>
+did not require the “inventive step,” the advance that
+constitutes a patentable “invention,” to be physical.</p>
<p>This meant that a patent application could present the required physical
aspect just by mentioning the usual physical elements of the computer on
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@
courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other
controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide
that natural genes are patentable, as <a
-href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>a
+href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>a
US appeals court just did</a>, no one could reverse that decision except
perhaps the European Court of Justice.</p>
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@
thousands of software patents, in contempt for the treaty that
established it. (See “<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193501/https://webshop.ffii.org/";>Your
-web shop is patented</a>”.) At present, though, each state decides
+web shop is patented</a>.”) At present, though, each state decides
whether those patents are valid. If the unitary patent system is adopted
and the EPO gets unchecked power to decide, Europe will get US-style
patent wars.</p>
@@ -116,13 +123,13 @@
doing things wrong everywhere.</p>
<p>The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a
-href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>it
stated in
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>it
stated in
December 2010 [archived]</a> that it wanted the ECJ not have a say over the
system.
Will the government listen to Hargreaves and change its mind about this
plan? Britons must insist on this.</p>
<p>More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be
-found in <a href="http://unitary-patent.eu";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
+found in <a href="https://www.unitary-patent.eu/";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
<p>You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not
been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is
@@ -131,11 +138,19 @@
effects that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely
nothing in this article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading
people to generalize about disparate laws, I never use the term
-“intellectual property”, and I never miss it either.</p>
+“intellectual property,” and I never miss it either.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>First published in <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>
+The Guardian</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -153,13 +168,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -180,7 +195,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -190,10 +205,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:31 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000
1.18
+++ philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.19
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -27,11 +26,6 @@
"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ - пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
-# | Europe's “unitary patent” [-could mean unlimited software
-# | patents-] {+Could Mean Unlimited Software Patents+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited software "
-#| "patents"
msgid ""
"Europe's “unitary patent” Could Mean Unlimited Software Patents"
msgstr ""
@@ -43,19 +37,6 @@
msgstr "РиÑаÑд СÑолмен"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack\">the
-# | long anticipated all-out software patent wars</a> that we have
-# | anticipated, the European Union has a plan to follow the same course.
-# | When the Hargreaves report urged the UK to avoid software patents, the UK
-# | had already approved plan that is likely to impose them on UK.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a href=\"http://www.fsf.";
-#| "org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack\">the long anticipated all-"
-#| "out software patent wars</a> that we have anticipated, the European Union "
-#| "has a plan to follow the same course. When the Hargreaves report urged "
-#| "the UK to avoid software patents, the UK had already approved plan that "
-#| "is likely to impose them on UK."
msgid ""
"Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a href=\"https://www.fsf.";
"org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack\">the long anticipated all-out "
@@ -74,18 +55,6 @@
#. Guardian, June 23,
#. 2005
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they impose
-# | monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to develop
-# | nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See
-# | [-“Software-] {+“<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html\">Software+} Patents and
-# | Literary [-Patents”, Guardian, June 20, 2005.-]
-# | {+Patents</a>.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they impose "
-#| "monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to develop "
-#| "nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See “"
-#| "Software Patents and Literary Patents”, Guardian, June 20, 2005."
msgid ""
"Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they impose "
"monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to develop "
@@ -96,29 +65,10 @@
"ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они "
"ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸ на пÑогÑаммнÑе
идеи. РазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑивиалÑнÑе "
"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеалÑно или небезопаÑно, еÑли
Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑкиваÑÑÑÑ ÑÐºÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ñ "
-"лабиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. См. <a href="
-"\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html\">ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе "
-"паÑенÑÑ</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands of
-# | them. Google recently estimated there <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google\";>might-]
-# |
{+href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google\";>might+}
-# | be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure
-# | plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating system
-# | implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the kernel,
-# | had been found by Dan Ravicher to contain 283 such ideas, and was
-# | estimated to be .25% of the whole system at the time.)
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands "
-#| "of them. Google recently estimated there <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.";
-#| "uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google\">might "
-#| "be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure "
-#| "plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating system "
-#| "implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the kernel, "
-#| "had been found by Dan Ravicher to contain 283 such ideas, and was "
-#| "estimated to be .25% of the whole system at the time.)"
+"лабиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. См. <a
href=\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
+"\">ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ лиÑеÑаÑÑÑнÑе
паÑенÑÑ</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands of "
"them. Google recently estimated there <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
@@ -131,8 +81,8 @@
msgstr ""
"Ркаждой пÑогÑамме комбиниÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
идей; в кÑÑпной пÑогÑамме иÑ
"
"ÑÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑи. Ðо недавним оÑенкам
Google, в ÑмаÑÑÑоне Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ <a "
-"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
-"technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google\">
250 ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ
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+"href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-";
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ÑÑо по моей оÑенке 2004 года в "
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"наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованнÑÑ
идей. (Ðен Ð
ейвиÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑжил, ÑÑо Linux (ÑдÑо) "
@@ -157,18 +107,6 @@
"попÑавки."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by laymen, it
-# | appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it required a
-# | patent application to have a physical aspect. However, it did not require
-# | the “inventive [-step”,-] {+step,”+} the advance that
-# | constitutes a patentable [-“invention”,-]
-# | {+“invention,”+} to be physical.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by laymen, "
-#| "it appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it required "
-#| "a patent application to have a physical aspect. However, it did not "
-#| "require the “inventive step”, the advance that constitutes a "
-#| "patentable “invention”, to be physical."
msgid ""
"The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by laymen, it "
"appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it required a "
@@ -264,24 +202,6 @@
"пÑедпÑинимаÑелей и полÑзоваÑелей
компÑÑÑеÑов, как ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾ÑаÑÑÑдиÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The EPO has a vested interest in extending patents into as many areas of
-# | life as it can get away with. With external limits (such as national
-# | courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other
-# | controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide that
-# | natural genes are patentable, as <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml\">a
-# | US appeals court just did</a>, no one could reverse that decision except
-# | perhaps the European Court of Justice.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The EPO has a vested interest in extending patents into as many areas of "
-#| "life as it can get away with. With external limits (such as national "
-#| "courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other "
-#| "controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide that "
-#| "natural genes are patentable, as <a href=\"http://www.techdirt.com/";
-#| "articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-"
-#| "because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml\">a US appeals court just did</a>, "
-#| "no one could reverse that decision except perhaps the European Court of "
-#| "Justice."
msgid ""
"The EPO has a vested interest in extending patents into as many areas of "
"life as it can get away with. With external limits (such as national courts) "
@@ -296,31 +216,13 @@
"на ÑколÑко ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑолÑко позволÑÑ. ÐÑли
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-"ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑе Ð³ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑ,
как <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/";
-"articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-"
+"ÑÑо еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑе Ð³ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑ,
как <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.";
+"com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-"
"because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml\"> ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑÑо
Ñделал "
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | In fact, the EPO's decision about software patents has already been made,
-# | and can be seen in action. The EPO has issued tens of thousands of
-# | software patents, in contempt for the treaty that established it. (See
-# | “<a
-# |
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193501/https://webshop.ffii.org/\";>Your
-# | web shop is [-patented</a>”.)-] {+patented</a>.”)+} At
-# | present, though, each state decides whether those patents are valid. If
-# | the unitary patent system is adopted and the EPO gets unchecked power to
-# | decide, Europe will get US-style patent wars.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In fact, the EPO's decision about software patents has already been made, "
-#| "and can be seen in action. The EPO has issued tens of thousands of "
-#| "software patents, in contempt for the treaty that established it. (See "
-#| "“<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193501/https://";
-#| "webshop.ffii.org/\">Your web shop is patented</a>”.) At present, "
-#| "though, each state decides whether those patents are valid. If the "
-#| "unitary patent system is adopted and the EPO gets unchecked power to "
-#| "decide, Europe will get US-style patent wars."
msgid ""
"In fact, the EPO's decision about software patents has already been made, "
"and can be seen in action. The EPO has issued tens of thousands of software "
@@ -374,19 +276,6 @@
"пойдÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf\";>it-]
-# |
{+href=\"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf\";>it+}
-# | stated in December 2010 [archived]</a> that it wanted the ECJ not have a
-# | say over the system. Will the government listen to Hargreaves and change
-# | its mind about this plan? Britons must insist on this.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a href=\"http://";
-#| "webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/";
-#| "commissairebarnier.pdf\">it stated in December 2010 [archived]</a> that "
-#| "it wanted the ECJ not have a say over the system. Will the government "
-#| "listen to Hargreaves and change its mind about this plan? Britons must "
-#| "insist on this."
msgid ""
"The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a href=\"https://";
"webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.";
@@ -396,20 +285,13 @@
"insist on this."
msgstr ""
"ÐажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво
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оÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑÑ,
поÑколÑÐºÑ <a "
-"href=\"https://";
-"webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.";
-"uk/commissairebarnier.pdf\">в декабÑе 2010 года оно
вÑÑазило "
-"пожелание [аÑÑ
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ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не имел "
+"href=\"https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/";
+"http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf\";>в декабÑе
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+"вÑÑазило пожелание [аÑÑ
ивиÑовано]</a>,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¡Ñд ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза не имел "
"пÑиоÑиÑеÑа над ÑÑой ÑиÑÑемой. ÐоÑлÑÑаеÑ
ли пÑавиÑелÑÑÑво ХаÑгÑивÑа? ÐÐ·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
"ли оно мнение об ÑÑом плане? ÐÑиÑанÑÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be
-# | found in <a [-href=\"http://unitary-patent.eu\";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.-]
-# | {+href=\"https://www.unitary-patent.eu/\";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be "
-#| "found in <a href=\"http://unitary-patent.eu\";>unitary-patent.eu</a>."
msgid ""
"More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be "
"found in <a href=\"https://www.unitary-patent.eu/\";>unitary-patent.eu</a>."
@@ -418,23 +300,6 @@
"href=\"https://www.unitary-patent.eu\";>unitary-patent.eu</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not
-# | been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is
-# | applied to a dozen unrelated laws. Even if we consider just patent law and
-# | copyright law, they are so different in their requirements and effects
-# | that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely nothing in this
-# | article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading people to generalize
-# | about disparate laws, I never use the term “intellectual
-# | [-property”,-] {+property,”+} and I never miss it either.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not "
-#| "been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is "
-#| "applied to a dozen unrelated laws. Even if we consider just patent law "
-#| "and copyright law, they are so different in their requirements and "
-#| "effects that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely nothing "
-#| "in this article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading people to "
-#| "generalize about disparate laws, I never use the term “intellectual "
-#| "property”, and I never miss it either."
msgid ""
"You will note that the term “intellectual property” has not been "
"used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is applied to a "
@@ -455,13 +320,6 @@
"инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”, и мне
он никогда не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | First published in <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning\";>-]
-# |
{+href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning\";>+}
-# | The Guardian</a>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "First published in <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/";
-#| "aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning\"> The Guardian</a>"
msgid ""
"First published in <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/";
"aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning\"> The Guardian</a>"
@@ -501,11 +359,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -520,8 +373,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 2011, [-2019-] {+2021+} Richard Stallman
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2011, "
Index: philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html 31 May 2021 09:59:56
-0000 1.13
+++ philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.14
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
-
-<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
- anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote>
-<p>Most of this article was published in two parts in Wired in
-March 2015.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>To what extent do the ideas of free software extend to hardware?
Is it a moral obligation to make our hardware designs free, just as it
is to make our software free? Does maintaining our freedom require
rejecting hardware made from nonfree designs?</p>
+</div>
<h3 id="definitions">Definitions</h3>
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@
<p>We can use the term “libre hardware” as a concise
equivalent for “hardware made from a free (libre)
-design”.</p>
+design.”</p>
<p>The terms “open hardware” and “open source
hardware” are used by some with the same concrete meaning as
@@ -167,15 +170,15 @@
<p>Be careful to choose 3D printers that work with exclusively free
software; the Free Software Foundation <a
-href="http://fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement";>endorses such
+href="https://ryf.fsf.org/";>endorses such
printers</a>. Some 3D printers are made from free hardware designs,
but <a
-href="http://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot's
+href="https://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot's
hardware designs are nonfree</a>.</p>
<h3 id="reject-nonfree">Must We Reject Nonfree Digital Hardware?</h3>
-<p>Is a nonfree digital <a href="#fn1">(*)</a> hardware design an
+<p>Is a nonfree digital <a href="#fn1">[1]</a> hardware design an
injustice? Must we, for our freedom's sake, reject all digital
hardware made from nonfree designs, as we must reject nonfree
software?</p>
@@ -242,12 +245,6 @@
<p>That future is years away, at least. In the meantime, there is no
need to reject hardware with nonfree designs on principle.</p>
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn1">* As used here, “digital hardware” includes
-hardware with some analog circuits and components in addition to
-digital ones.</p>
-
<h3 id="free-designs">We Need Free Digital Hardware Designs</h3>
<p>Although we need not reject digital hardware made from nonfree
@@ -323,9 +320,9 @@
present circumstances, just making one level free is a significant
advance.</p>
-<p>However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree parts
-— for example, a “free” HDL circuit that
-incorporates proprietary “soft cores” — we must
+<p>However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree
+parts—for example, a “free” HDL circuit that
+incorporates proprietary “soft cores”—we must
conclude that the design as a whole is nonfree at that level.
Likewise for nonfree “wizards” or “macros,” if
they specify part of the interconnections of chips or programmably
@@ -367,9 +364,9 @@
to make them and use them (and that's a freedom we need very much).
In the US, copyright does not cover the functional aspects that the
design describes, but <a
-href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>does cover
decorative
+href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>does cover
decorative
aspects</a>. When one object has decorative aspects and functional
-aspects, you get into tricky ground <a href="#fn2">(*)</a>.</p>
+aspects, you get into tricky ground <a href="#fn2">[2]</a>.</p>
<p>All this may be true in your country as well, or it may not.
Before producing objects commercially or in quantity, you should
@@ -384,16 +381,6 @@
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">intellectual property</a>” is
pure confusion and should be totally rejected.</p>
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn2">* An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information
-about this <a
-href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
-complexity</a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of
-using the bogus concept of “intellectual property” and the
-propaganda term “<a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>.”</p>
-
<h3 id="promoting">Promoting Free Hardware Designs Through Repositories</h3>
<p>The most effective way to push for published hardware designs to be
@@ -419,7 +406,7 @@
<p>The repository should require all designs to be published as source
code, and source code in secret formats usable only by proprietary
design programs is not really adequate. For a 3D model, the <a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29";>STL
+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29";>STL
format</a> is not the preferred format for changing the design and
thus is not source code, so the repository should not accept it,
except perhaps accompanying real source code.</p>
@@ -442,10 +429,35 @@
free. What we need is to recognize as a community that this is what
we should do and to insist on free designs when we fabricate objects
ourselves.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="fn1">As used here, “digital hardware” includes
+hardware with some analog circuits and components in addition to
+digital ones.</li>
+
+<li id="fn2">An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information
+about this <a
+href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
+complexity</a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of
+using the bogus concept of “intellectual property” and the
+propaganda term “<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>.”</li>
+</ol>
+
+<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
+ anti-ad-block system -->
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Most of this article was published in two parts in <cite>Wired</cite> in
+March 2015.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -463,13 +475,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -490,7 +502,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -500,7 +512,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:59:56 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000
1.31
+++ philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.32
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -32,8 +31,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</a>"
@@ -156,12 +153,6 @@
"Ñвоим полÑзоваÑелÑм в Ñвободе, ниÑего не
ÑÑоиÑ, даже менÑÑе."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | We can use the term “libre hardware” as a concise equivalent
-# | for “hardware made from a free (libre) [-design”.-]
-# | {+design.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We can use the term “libre hardware” as a concise equivalent "
-#| "for “hardware made from a free (libre) design”."
msgid ""
"We can use the term “libre hardware” as a concise equivalent for "
"“hardware made from a free (libre) design.”"
@@ -375,20 +366,6 @@
"нелÑзÑ, ÑоÑно Ñак же как нелÑзÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Be careful to choose 3D printers that work with exclusively free software;
-# | the Free Software Foundation <a
-# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement\";>endorses-]
-# | {+href=\"https://ryf.fsf.org/\";>endorses+} such printers</a>. Some 3D
-# | printers are made from free hardware designs, but <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/\">Makerbot's
-# | hardware designs are nonfree</a>.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Be careful to choose 3D printers that work with exclusively free "
-#| "software; the Free Software Foundation <a href=\"http://fsf.org/resources/";
-#| "hw/endorsement\">endorses such printers</a>. Some 3D printers are made "
-#| "from free hardware designs, but <a href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/";
-#| "pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/"
-#| "\">Makerbot's hardware designs are nonfree</a>."
msgid ""
"Be careful to choose 3D printers that work with exclusively free software; "
"the Free Software Foundation <a href=\"https://ryf.fsf.org/\";>endorses such "
@@ -399,25 +376,17 @@
msgstr ""
"ÐÑи вÑбоÑе ÑÑеÑ
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пÑинÑеÑов
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одниÑ
"
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
; Ñ Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð° Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ <a "
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аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ "
-"Makerbot неÑвободнÑ</a>."
+"href=\"https://ryf.fsf.org/\";>ÑпиÑок ÑакиÑ
одобÑеннÑÑ
пÑинÑеÑов</a>. "
+"ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑÑеÑ
меÑнÑе пÑинÑеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑÑÑ
по ÑвободнÑм ÑеÑÑежам аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ, но "
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Makerbot неÑвободнÑ</"
+"a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Must We Reject Nonfree Digital Hardware?"
msgstr "ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑгаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑовÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ?"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Is a nonfree digital <a [-href=\"#fn1\">(*)</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"#fn1\">[1]</a>+} hardware design an injustice? Must we, for our
-# | freedom's sake, reject all digital hardware made from nonfree designs, as
-# | we must reject nonfree software?
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Is a nonfree digital <a href=\"#fn1\">(*)</a> hardware design an "
-#| "injustice? Must we, for our freedom's sake, reject all digital hardware "
-#| "made from nonfree designs, as we must reject nonfree software?"
msgid ""
"Is a nonfree digital <a href=\"#fn1\">[1]</a> hardware design an injustice? "
"Must we, for our freedom's sake, reject all digital hardware made from "
@@ -741,26 +710,6 @@
"ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ — ÑÑо Ñже знаÑиÑелÑнÑй
пÑогÑеÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree [-parts
-# | — for-] {+parts—for+} example, a “free” HDL
-# | circuit that incorporates proprietary “soft [-cores” —
-# | we-] {+cores”—we+} must conclude that the design as a whole is
-# | nonfree at that level. Likewise for nonfree “wizards” or
-# | “macros,” if they specify part of the interconnections of
-# | chips or programmably connected parts of chips. The free parts may be a
-# | step towards the future goal of a free design, but reaching that goal
-# | entails replacing the nonfree parts. They can never be admissible in the
-# | free world.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree parts — "
-#| "for example, a “free” HDL circuit that incorporates "
-#| "proprietary “soft cores” — we must conclude that the "
-#| "design as a whole is nonfree at that level. Likewise for nonfree “"
-#| "wizards” or “macros,” if they specify part of the "
-#| "interconnections of chips or programmably connected parts of chips. The "
-#| "free parts may be a step towards the future goal of a free design, but "
-#| "reaching that goal entails replacing the nonfree parts. They can never "
-#| "be admissible in the free world."
msgid ""
"However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree parts—for "
"example, a “free” HDL circuit that incorporates proprietary "
@@ -841,27 +790,6 @@
"Ñо, ÑÑо можно делаÑÑ Ñ ÑобÑаннÑми
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвами."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | For drawings of objects, and 3D printer models, copyright doesn't cover
-# | making a different drawing of the same purely functional object shape. It
-# | also doesn't cover the functional physical objects made from the drawing.
-# | As far as copyright is concerned, everyone is free to make them and use
-# | them (and that's a freedom we need very much). In the US, copyright does
-# | not cover the functional aspects that the design describes, but <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301\">does
-# | cover decorative aspects</a>. When one object has decorative aspects and
-# | functional aspects, you get into tricky ground <a
-# | [-href=\"#fn2\">(*)</a>.-] {+href=\"#fn2\">[2]</a>.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For drawings of objects, and 3D printer models, copyright doesn't cover "
-#| "making a different drawing of the same purely functional object shape. "
-#| "It also doesn't cover the functional physical objects made from the "
-#| "drawing. As far as copyright is concerned, everyone is free to make them "
-#| "and use them (and that's a freedom we need very much). In the US, "
-#| "copyright does not cover the functional aspects that the design "
-#| "describes, but <a href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.";
-#| "html#1301\">does cover decorative aspects</a>. When one object has "
-#| "decorative aspects and functional aspects, you get into tricky ground <a "
-#| "href=\"#fn2\">(*)</a>."
msgid ""
"For drawings of objects, and 3D printer models, copyright doesn't cover "
"making a different drawing of the same purely functional object shape. It "
@@ -965,21 +893,6 @@
"лÑбÑÑ Ð¸Ð· лиÑензий Creative Commons."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The repository should require all designs to be published as source code,
-# | and source code in secret formats usable only by proprietary design
-# | programs is not really adequate. For a 3D model, the <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29\">STL
-# | format</a> is not the preferred format for changing the design and thus is
-# | not source code, so the repository should not accept it, except perhaps
-# | accompanying real source code.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The repository should require all designs to be published as source code, "
-#| "and source code in secret formats usable only by proprietary design "
-#| "programs is not really adequate. For a 3D model, the <a href=\"http://en.";
-#| "wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29\">STL format</a> is not the "
-#| "preferred format for changing the design and thus is not source code, so "
-#| "the repository should not accept it, except perhaps accompanying real "
-#| "source code."
msgid ""
"The repository should require all designs to be published as source code, "
"and source code in secret formats usable only by proprietary design programs "
@@ -1045,11 +958,6 @@
msgstr "ÐÑимеÑаниÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-*-]As used here, “digital hardware” includes hardware with
-# | some analog circuits and components in addition to digital ones.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "* As used here, “digital hardware” includes hardware with "
-#| "some analog circuits and components in addition to digital ones."
msgid ""
"As used here, “digital hardware” includes hardware with some "
"analog circuits and components in addition to digital ones."
@@ -1058,20 +966,6 @@
"аналоговÑми ÑÑ
емами и компоненÑами в
дополнение к ÑиÑÑовÑм."
#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-*-]An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information about this <a
-# |
href=\"https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf\";>
-# | complexity</a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of
-# | using the bogus concept of “intellectual property” and the
-# | propaganda term “<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection\">protection</a>.”
-#| msgid ""
-#| "* An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information about this <a "
-#| "href=\"https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/";
-#| "documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf\"> complexity</"
-#| "a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of using the "
-#| "bogus concept of “intellectual property” and the propaganda "
-#| "term “<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection"
-#| "\">protection</a>.”"
msgid ""
"An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information about this <a href="
"\"https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/";
@@ -1090,16 +984,12 @@
"\">заÑиÑа</a>”."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Most of this article was published in two parts in [-Wired-]
-# | {+<cite>Wired</cite>+} in March 2015.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Most of this article was published in two parts in Wired in March 2015."
msgid ""
"Most of this article was published in two parts in <cite>Wired</cite> in "
"March 2015."
msgstr ""
-"ÐоÑÑи вÑÑ ÑÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла опÑбликована
двÑÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑÑми в "
-"<cite>УайеÑд</cite> в маÑÑе 2015 года."
+"ÐоÑÑи вÑÑ ÑÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла опÑбликована
двÑÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑÑми в <cite>УайеÑд</cite> в "
+"маÑÑе 2015 года."
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -1133,11 +1023,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -1152,12 +1037,10 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 2015, [-2016, 2018, 2019-] {+2021+} Richard Stallman
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019 Richard Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright "
-"© 2015, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+"Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2015, "
+"2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru-en.html 12 Feb 2021 20:00:49
-0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.2
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances
</h2>
@@ -111,7 +117,7 @@
control. Even things as minutely directed by the user as text
editing! This is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for
your freedom. We call that “Service as a Software
-Substitute”, SaaSS for short (see
+Substitute,” SaaSS for short (see
“<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Who
does that server really serve?</a>”), and we reject it.</p>
@@ -126,11 +132,11 @@
non-computational service of transporting cargoes, and you could use
it sometimes; or you could choose some other method, perhaps to buy a
spaceship and operate it yourself.</p>
-
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -185,7 +191,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/02/12 20:00:49 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000
1.4
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.5
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.12\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -244,24 +243,6 @@
"на компÑÑÑеÑе под ваÑим конÑÑолем."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | No wonder there are companies that would like you to cede control over
-# | your computing activities to them, by labeling those activities as
-# | “services” to be done on their servers with programs that they
-# | control. Even things as minutely directed by the user as text editing!
-# | This is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for your freedom.
-# | We call that “Service as a Software [-Substitute”,-]
-# | {+Substitute,”+} SaaSS for short (see “<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who does that
-# | server really serve?</a>”), and we reject it.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "No wonder there are companies that would like you to cede control over "
-#| "your computing activities to them, by labeling those activities as “"
-#| "services” to be done on their servers with programs that they "
-#| "control. Even things as minutely directed by the user as text editing! "
-#| "This is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for your freedom. "
-#| "We call that “Service as a Software Substitute”, SaaSS for "
-#| "short (see “<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve."
-#| "html\">Who does that server really serve?</a>”), and we reject it."
msgid ""
"No wonder there are companies that would like you to cede control over your "
"computing activities to them, by labeling those activities as “"
Index: philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru-en.html 6 Oct 2020 09:31:54 -0000
1.5
+++ philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.6
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
<title>History and Philosophy of the GNU Project
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!-- top-addendum is disabled because the original text was written in German
@@ -7,25 +9,29 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/greve-clown.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>History and Philosophy of the GNU Project</h2>
-<address class="byline"><strong>Georg C. F. Greve</strong>
+<address class="byline">Georg C. F. Greve
<a href="mailto:greve@gnu.org";><greve@gnu.org></a></address>
-<p><em>Translation of a speech that was given in German
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Translation of a speech that was given in German
at the CLOWN (Cluster of Working Nodes—
a 512-node cluster project of Debian GNU/Linux machines) in the
-University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, 1998.</em></p>
+University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, 1998.</p>
-<p><em>The
+<p>The
<a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">German original</a>
-is also available. Reading the original is recommended.</em></p>
-
+is also available. Reading the original is recommended.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote>
-<p>
+<div class="introduction" role="complementary">
+<p><em>
Author's note: In translating this speech, I have tried to stay as close as
possible to the original speech that I have given in German. Breaking
up the German structures and turning them into reasonable English has
@@ -33,8 +39,8 @@
Chapin, a good friend and native American, who helped me with some
phrases and words. The translation will never hold the same emotions
and implications, but I think we got very close…
-</p>
-</blockquote>
+</em></p>
+</div>
<p>
During the preparation of this speech, I have read several documents
and spoken to a lot of people. In doing so, I realized that even people
@@ -370,7 +376,7 @@
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -391,33 +397,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>Copyright © 1998 Georg C. F. Greve</p>
<p id="Permission">Permission is granted to make and distribute
@@ -428,10 +417,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 09:31:54 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000 1.14
+++ philosophy/po/greve-clown.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.15
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -31,67 +30,30 @@
msgstr "ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU"
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# | [-<strong>Georg-]{+Georg+} C. F. [-Greve</strong>-] {+Greve+} <a
-# | href=\"mailto:greve@gnu.org\";><greve@gnu.org></a>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<strong>Georg C. F. Greve</strong> <a href=\"mailto:greve@gnu.org\";><"
-#| "greve@gnu.org></a>"
msgid ""
"Georg C. F. Greve <a href=\"mailto:greve@gnu.org\";><greve@gnu.org></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ÐеоÑг ÐÑеве <a href=\"mailto:greve@gnu.org\";><greve@gnu."
-"org></a>"
+msgstr "ÐеоÑг ÐÑеве <a
href=\"mailto:greve@gnu.org\";><greve@gnu.org></a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<em>Translation-]{+Translation+} of a speech that was given in German at
-# | the CLOWN (Cluster of Working Nodes— a 512-node cluster project of
-# | Debian GNU/Linux machines) in the University of Paderborn, Germany, on
-# | December 5th, [-1998.</em>-] {+1998.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<em>Translation of a speech that was given in German at the CLOWN "
-#| "(Cluster of Working Nodes— a 512-node cluster project of Debian GNU/"
-#| "Linux machines) in the University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, "
-#| "1998.</em>"
msgid ""
"Translation of a speech that was given in German at the CLOWN (Cluster of "
"Working Nodes— a 512-node cluster project of Debian GNU/Linux "
"machines) in the University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, 1998."
msgstr ""
-"ÐеÑевод ÑеÑи, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла пÑоизнеÑена в
CLOWN (<span lang=\"en\" xml:"
-"lang=\"en\">Cluster of working nodes</span> — ÐлаÑÑеÑе
ÑабоÑиÑ
"
+"ÐеÑевод ÑеÑи, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла пÑоизнеÑена в
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+"\"en\">Cluster of working nodes</span> — ÐлаÑÑеÑе
ÑабоÑиÑ
"
"Ñзлов — пÑоекÑе 512-Ñзлового клаÑÑеÑа
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"в ÐадеÑбоÑнÑком ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе (ÐеÑманиÑ) 5
декабÑÑ 1998 года."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<em>The-]{+The+} <a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German
-# | original</a> is also available. Reading the original is
-# | [-recommended.</em>-] {+recommended.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<em>The <a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a> "
-#| "is also available. Reading the original is recommended.</em>"
msgid ""
"The <a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a> is also "
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msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
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-"оÑигинал</a>. РекомендÑеÑÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð²
оÑигинале."
+"ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">немеÑкий оÑигинал</"
+"a>. РекомендÑеÑÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð² оÑигинале."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | {+<em>+} Author's note: In translating this speech, I have tried to stay
-# | as close as possible to the original speech that I have given in German.
-# | Breaking up the German structures and turning them into reasonable English
-# | has been quite some work, and I would like to thank my roommate Doug
-# | Chapin, a good friend and native American, who helped me with some phrases
-# | and words. The translation will never hold the same emotions and
-# | implications, but I think we got very close… {+</em>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Author's note: In translating this speech, I have tried to stay as close "
-#| "as possible to the original speech that I have given in German. Breaking "
-#| "up the German structures and turning them into reasonable English has "
-#| "been quite some work, and I would like to thank my roommate Doug Chapin, "
-#| "a good friend and native American, who helped me with some phrases and "
-#| "words. The translation will never hold the same emotions and "
-#| "implications, but I think we got very close…"
msgid ""
"<em> Author's note: In translating this speech, I have tried to stay as "
"close as possible to the original speech that I have given in German. "
@@ -101,13 +63,13 @@
"words. The translation will never hold the same emotions and implications, "
"but I think we got very close… </em>"
msgstr ""
-"<em>ÐамеÑание авÑоÑа. ÐÑи пеÑеводе ÑÑой
ÑеÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ возможноÑÑи "
-"ÑоÑно воÑпÑоизвеÑÑи оÑигинал, коÑоÑÑй Ñ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾-немеÑки. РазбиÑÑ "
-"немеÑкие пеÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
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-"Ñо пÑоÑÑо, и Ñ Ñ
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-"моего дÑÑга и пÑиÑодного амеÑиканÑа,
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-"Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñли к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑенÑ
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+"<em>ÐамеÑание авÑоÑа. ÐÑи пеÑеводе ÑÑой
ÑеÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑÑалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ возможноÑÑи ÑоÑно "
+"воÑпÑоизвеÑÑи оÑигинал, коÑоÑÑй Ñ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾-немеÑки. РазбиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¼ÐµÑкие "
+"пеÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в
ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑй английÑкий бÑло не
Ñак-Ñо пÑоÑÑо, "
+"и Ñ Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ñвоего ÑоÑеда
по комнаÑе ÐÑга Чапина, моего дÑÑга "
+"и пÑиÑодного амеÑиканÑа, коÑоÑÑй помогал
мне Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми ÑÑазами и Ñловами. "
+"ÐеÑевод, конеÑно не оÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑмоÑий и
подÑекÑÑов, но Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ "
+"подоÑли к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾...</em>"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -762,11 +724,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
Index: philosophy/po/hackathons.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/hackathons.ru-en.html 27 Mar 2021 17:01:02 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/po/hackathons.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Hackathons should insist on free software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hackathons.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why hackathons should insist on free software</h2>
+
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<div class="thin"></div>
<p>Hackathons are an accepted method of giving community support to
digital development projects. The community invites developers to
@@ -46,8 +51,8 @@
computing of certain companies: in some cases, <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en";>
European</a> and <a
-href="http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>Canadian banks</a>, and
-<a href="http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners";>
+href="https://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>Canadian banks</a>, and
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog";>
Expedia</a>. While they don't explicitly say, the announcements give the
impression that they aim to promote development of some nonfree
software, and that attendees are meant to help these non-charitable
@@ -161,10 +166,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/03/27 17:01:02 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/hackathons.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/hackathons.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/po/hackathons.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.10
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -103,27 +102,6 @@
"на коÑоÑом они оÑнованÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Some perverse hackathons are specifically dedicated to aiding the
-# | computing of certain companies: in some cases, <a
-# |
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en\";>
-# | European</a> and <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital\">Canadian banks</a>, and
-# | <a
-# | [-href=\"http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners\";>-]
-# |
{+href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog\";>+}
-# | Expedia</a>. While they don't explicitly say, the announcements give the
-# | impression that they aim to promote development of some nonfree software,
-# | and that attendees are meant to help these non-charitable projects.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Some perverse hackathons are specifically dedicated to aiding the "
-#| "computing of certain companies: in some cases, <a href=\"https://web.";
-#| "archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en\";> "
-#| "European</a> and <a href=\"http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital\";>Canadian "
-#| "banks</a>, and <a href=\"http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-";
-#| "hackathon-winners\"> Expedia</a>. While they don't explicitly say, the "
-#| "announcements give the impression that they aim to promote development of "
-#| "some nonfree software, and that attendees are meant to help these non-"
-#| "charitable projects."
msgid ""
"Some perverse hackathons are specifically dedicated to aiding the computing "
"of certain companies: in some cases, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
@@ -138,11 +116,11 @@
"инÑоÑмаÑии конкÑеÑнÑми компаниÑми: в
некоÑоÑÑÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
ÑÑо <a href=\"https://";
"web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en";
"\">евÑопейÑкие</a> и <a
href=\"https://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";
-"\">канадÑкие банки</a>, а Ñакже <a
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.";
-"com/blog\"> Expedia</a>. Ðни пÑÑмо ÑÑого не говоÑÑÑ, "
-"однако ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ обÑÑвлениÑм, они ÑÑавÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ ÑодейÑÑвие в ÑазÑабоÑке какиÑ
-"
-"Ñо неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, а ÑÑаÑÑники
пÑиглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи ÑÑим "
-"неблагоÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑм пÑоекÑам."
+"\">канадÑкие банки</a>, а Ñакже <a
href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog\";> Expedia</a>. Ðни
"
+"пÑÑмо ÑÑого не говоÑÑÑ, однако ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
обÑÑвлениÑм, они ÑÑавÑÑ ÑелÑÑ "
+"ÑодейÑÑвие в ÑазÑабоÑке какиÑ
-Ñо
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, а ÑÑаÑÑники "
+"пÑиглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи ÑÑим
неблагоÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑм пÑоекÑам."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
Index: philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:40
-0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.4
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005</h2>
-
-<p><em>An interview by Jeremy Andrews with Richard Stallman in
-2005</em><br />
-<em>Source:</em>
- <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
- http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
- [Archived]</p>
-<hr class="thin"/>
+<address class="byline">conducted by Jeremy Andrews</address>
<p>Richard Stallman founded the GNU Project in 1984, and the Free
Software Foundation in 1985. He also originally authored a number of
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@
Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU symbolic debugger (GDB) and GNU
Emacs.</p>
-<p>To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU project, I
+<p>To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU Project, I
recommend you begin by reviewing their philosophy page. On it you will
find a wealth of information.</p>
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@
<h3>“GNU/Linux”</h3>
<p><strong>JA</strong>: Another frequent area of confusion is the name
-“GNU/Linux.” Why is the GNU project's contribution significant
enough
+“GNU/Linux.” Why is the GNU Project's contribution significant
enough
that it should be in the name of the operating system, especially
compared to other large pieces of any Linux-kernel based operating
system, such as XFree86?</p>
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@
Hurd's architecture, but with the Hurd it's trivial and the most
natural thing in the world.</p>
-<h3>Writing Code vs. Management</h3>
+<h3>Writing Code versus Management</h3>
<p><strong>JA</strong>: How much source code do you write these
days?</p>
@@ -768,9 +767,18 @@
<p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong>: Happy hacking!</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Source:
+ <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
+ kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
+ [Archived]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -788,13 +796,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -815,7 +823,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2017, 2018 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -825,7 +833,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:40 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29
-0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38
-0000 1.5
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -48,13 +47,6 @@
"оÑладÑика GNU (GDB) и GNU Emacs."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject, I
-# | recommend you begin by reviewing their philosophy page. On it you will
-# | find a wealth of information.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU project, I recommend "
-#| "you begin by reviewing their philosophy page. On it you will find a "
-#| "wealth of information."
msgid ""
"To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU Project, I recommend you "
"begin by reviewing their philosophy page. On it you will find a wealth of "
@@ -404,17 +396,6 @@
msgstr "“GNU/Linux”"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | <strong>JA</strong>: Another frequent area of confusion is the name
-# | “GNU/Linux.” Why is the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject's contribution
-# | significant enough that it should be in the name of the operating system,
-# | especially compared to other large pieces of any Linux-kernel based
-# | operating system, such as XFree86?
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<strong>JA</strong>: Another frequent area of confusion is the name "
-#| "“GNU/Linux.” Why is the GNU project's contribution "
-#| "significant enough that it should be in the name of the operating system, "
-#| "especially compared to other large pieces of any Linux-kernel based "
-#| "operating system, such as XFree86?"
msgid ""
"<strong>JA</strong>: Another frequent area of confusion is the name “"
"GNU/Linux.” Why is the GNU Project's contribution significant enough "
@@ -725,8 +706,6 @@
"но Ñ Hurd ÑÑо ÑлеменÑаÑно и в вÑÑÑей ÑÑепени
еÑÑеÑÑвенно."
#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-# | Writing Code [-vs.-] {+versus+} Management
-#| msgid "Writing Code vs. Management"
msgid "Writing Code versus Management"
msgstr "ÐапиÑание пÑогÑамм и ÑÑководÑÑво"
@@ -1720,21 +1699,12 @@
msgstr "<strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>: Ðо новÑÑ
вÑÑÑеÑ!"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<em>Source:</em>-]{+Source: +} <a
-# |
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484\";>
-# | [-http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>-] {+kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>+}
-# | [Archived]
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<em>Source:</em> <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/";
-#| "http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484\";> http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> "
-#| "[Archived]"
msgid ""
"Source: <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://";
"kerneltrap.org/node/4484\"> kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> [Archived]"
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÑоÑник: <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/";
-"http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484\";> kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> "
-"[аÑÑ
ив]"
+"ÐÑÑоÑник: <a
href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://";
+"kerneltrap.org/node/4484\"> kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a> [аÑÑ
ив]"
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -1768,11 +1738,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -1787,13 +1752,10 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 2005, [-2017, 2018-] {+2021+} Richard Stallman, Jeremy
-# | Andrews
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2005, 2017, 2018 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews"
msgid "Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews<br /"
-">Copyright © 2017, 2021 Free Software Foundation (translation)"
+"Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews<br />Copyright "
+"© 2017, 2021 Free Software Foundation (translation)"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
Index: philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:33 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.6
@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
-<title>Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Richard Stallman's Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal
Government (2006)
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kol.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
-<h2>Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006</h2>
-
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal Government</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript of a speech that was given in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta)
+in August, 2006.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>There are a number of reasons why I'm not a communist. The first of
them is that I'm not against the idea of private business, as long as
@@ -18,8 +29,8 @@
<p>Computing is a new area of human life. So we have to think about
the human rights associated with this. What are the human rights
-software users are entitled to? Four freedoms define Free Software. A
-programme is Free Software for a user if:</p>
+software users are entitled to? Four freedoms define free software. A
+program is free software for a user if:</p>
<ul>
<li>Freedom 0: Run the software as you wish.</li>
@@ -29,18 +40,18 @@
versions.</li>
</ul>
-<p>With these 4 Freedoms, you can live an upright life with your
+<p>With these four freedoms, you can live an upright life with your
community. If you use nonfree, proprietary software, the developer
has the power to decide what you can do. He can use that power over
you. Like Microsoft. That game is evil. Nobody should play it. So it's
not a question of beating Microsoft at its game. I set out to get away
from that game.</p>
-<p>Once GNU-Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was
+<p>Once GNU/Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was
reliable, powerful, cheap and flexible. Thousands and millions of
-people began to use GNU-Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be
-forgotten though. In 1998, people stopped talking about Free
-Software. Instead they said “open source”. That was a way
+people began to use GNU/Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be
+forgotten though. In 1998, people stopped talking about free
+software. Instead they said “open source.” That was a way
of not saying “free” and not mentioning the ideas behind
it. I don't disagree with that, but that's not what I am interested
in. What I'm really interested in most of all is to teach people to
@@ -60,9 +71,9 @@
Even if that's inconvenient. Freedom needs some sacrifices, some
inconvenience, some price. But it's a small price to pay.</p>
-<p>By globalisation, people usually mean globalisation of the power of
+<p>By globalization, people usually mean globalization of the power of
business. Business should not have political power. Otherwise
-democracy becomes sick. And with globalisation of business power, this
+democracy becomes sick. And with globalization of business power, this
political power is enhanced. Free trade treaties are designed to
attack democracy. For instance, it explicitly allows any business to
sue government if a law makes its profit less than it has been.
@@ -71,22 +82,22 @@
explicitly. They do it implicitly. Companies can threaten to move away
elsewhere. And they do use this threat.
<span class="gnun-split"></span>This actually happened some
-years ago, with the EU software patents. The govt of Denmark was
+years ago, with the EU software patents. The government of Denmark was
threatened that if they did not support this the company would move
the business elsewhere. This tiny threat was sufficient to blackmail
-the govt of Denmark. If you allow a foreign mega-corporation to buy a
+the government of Denmark. If you allow a foreign mega-corporation to buy a
domestic corporation, you are allowing it to buy a weapon pointed
against your country. The environment, public health, general
-standards of living—are all important, and free trade treaties
+standards of living, are all important, and free trade treaties
should be abolished. They are harmful to freedom, health and the lives
of people.</p>
-<p>I do not accept the term “intellectual property”. The
+<p>I do not accept the term “intellectual property.” The
very term is biased and confusing. It talks about useful techniques
-and works. It presumes they are “property”. It prejudges
+and works. It presumes they are “property.” It prejudges
such questions. There's also a more subtle problem. It lumps together
all the diverse things and makes it look like you can talk about all
-of them together. Copyright, patents, trade laws—are all very
+of them together. Copyright, patents, trade laws, are all very
different. It takes the greatest efforts of the best scholars to
overcome the confusion caused by the term “intellectual
property” and to discuss the details of these individual
@@ -95,11 +106,11 @@
GATT</abbr> Treaty and the <abbr title="Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights">TRIPS</abbr>—actually it should be
called Trade-related Impediments to Education and Science. Free trade
-and enhancement of world trade harms democracy. When you globalise
-something evil, it becomes a greater evil. And when you globalise
+and enhancement of world trade harms democracy. When you globalize
+something evil, it becomes a greater evil. And when you globalize
something good, it becomes a greater good. Human knowledge and
-cooperation are such “goods”. The Free Software Movement
-is a part of that. It is the globalisation of one area of human
+cooperation are such “goods.” The free software movement
+is a part of that. It is the globalization of one area of human
knowledge, namely software. Through global cooperation like this, you
get freedom and independence for every region and every country.</p>
@@ -116,12 +127,12 @@
grip. They know how to do this. They know how to buy govt support. But
what's the govt buying? Dependency, not development. Only Free
Software constitutes development. It enables any activity to be fully
-under the control of the people doing it. Free Software is appropriate
+under the control of the people doing it. Free software is appropriate
technology. Proprietary software is not appropriate for any use.</p>
-<p>The West Bengal govt has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm
+<p>The West Bengal government has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm
leadership in this regard. This will give a boost to human resource
-development. Free Software respects people's freedom. Govt has an
+development. Free software respects people's freedom. Government has an
influence on the future of society. Choosing which software to teach
students: if you teach them Windows, they will be Windows users. For
something else, they need to learn, and make the effort to learn
@@ -133,13 +144,13 @@
employers. This is a way to impose their power on the rest of society
and its future. Schools have a mission to society. This mission
requires teaching students to live in freedom, teaching skills to make
-it easy to live in freedom. This means using Free Software.</p>
+it easy to live in freedom. This means using free software.</p>
-<p>Free Software is good for computer science education, to maximise
+<p>Free software is good for computer science education, to maximise
the potential of natural programmers. It gives students the
opportunity to really learn. It's good for the natural programmers. If
you have proprietary software, the teacher says “I don't
-know”, “You are not allowed to know, it's a secret.”
+know. You are not allowed to know, it's a secret.”
So the alternative is to give him the source codes and let him read it
all. They will then learn to be really good programmers.
<span class="gnun-split"></span>But the most
@@ -147,31 +158,32 @@
good corporations and benevolent, helpful citizens. This has to be
taught. School has to teach by example. If you bring software to
class, you must share this with other kids. Or don't bring it. Schools
-must follow their own rule, by bringing Free Software to class.
-Schools should use 100% Free Software. No proprietary software should
+must follow their own rule, by bringing free software to class.
+Schools should use 100% free software. No proprietary software should
be used in schools. Public agencies, after a migration period, should
-use Free Software. All software development must run on Free Software
-platforms. And if it's released to the public, it must be Free
-Software. (Free: as in free speech, not free beer.)</p>
-
-<p>One easy and useful way to put Free Software in schools—is to
-participate in the “1 Laptop per Child” programme. India
-recently pulled out of this programme, I'm told. I'm told the Indian
-govt is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations
+use free software. All software development must run on free software
+platforms. And if it's released to the public, it must be free
+software. (Free: as in free speech, not free beer.)</p>
+
+<p>One easy and useful way to put free software in schools—is to
+participate in the “One Laptop per Child” program. India
+recently pulled out of this program, I'm told. I'm told the Indian
+governmentt is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations
happy. Maybe this was to make Microsoft happy. Even if India is not,
-West Bengal can participate in the 1 Laptop per child programme. I can
+West Bengal can participate in the One Laptop per child program. I can
put them in touch with the people developing that machine.</p>
-<p>The Govt of India is considering a vicious new copyright law,
+<p>The Government of India is considering a vicious new copyright law,
imitating US law, in favour of large businesses, and against its
citizens. The only emergency I can see that requires this being rushed
through is catastrophic shortfall in the dream profits of some
businesses! Foreigners should not have political power. In my case, I
don't.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -182,20 +194,20 @@
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
-
+/media/Gnu-local/www/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html
We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -216,7 +228,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2006, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -226,10 +238,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:33 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kol.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.10
@@ -16,21 +16,14 @@
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
-# | Richard Stallman's [-speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006-] {+Speech
-# | on Free Software and the West Bengal Government (2006)+} - GNU Project -
-# | Free Software Foundation
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006 - GNU "
-#| "Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman's Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal Government "
"(2006) - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-"РеÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмена о ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑве Ðападной Ðенгалии (2006) -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного "
-"обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+"РеÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмена о ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑве Ðападной Ðенгалии "
+"(2006) - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal Government"
@@ -38,16 +31,10 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr "РиÑаÑд СÑолмен"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-Richard Stallman's-]{+Transcript of a+} speech {+that was given+} in
-# | Kolkata [-(Calcutta), August 2006-] {+(formerly Calcutta) in August,
-# | 2006.+}
-#| msgid "Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006"
msgid ""
"Transcript of a speech that was given in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) in "
"August, 2006."
@@ -67,16 +54,6 @@
"оÑÑалÑнÑм обÑеÑÑвом."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Computing is a new area of human life. So we have to think about the human
-# | rights associated with this. What are the human rights software users are
-# | entitled to? Four freedoms define [-Free Software.-] {+free software.+} A
-# | [-programme-] {+program+} is [-Free Software-] {+free software+} for a
-# | user if:
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Computing is a new area of human life. So we have to think about the "
-#| "human rights associated with this. What are the human rights software "
-#| "users are entitled to? Four freedoms define Free Software. A programme is "
-#| "Free Software for a user if:"
msgid ""
"Computing is a new area of human life. So we have to think about the human "
"rights associated with this. What are the human rights software users are "
@@ -108,18 +85,6 @@
"веÑÑии."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | With these [-4 Freedoms,-] {+four freedoms,+} you can live an upright life
-# | with your community. If you use nonfree, proprietary software, the
-# | developer has the power to decide what you can do. He can use that power
-# | over you. Like Microsoft. That game is evil. Nobody should play it. So
-# | it's not a question of beating Microsoft at its game. I set out to get
-# | away from that game.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "With these 4 Freedoms, you can live an upright life with your community. "
-#| "If you use nonfree, proprietary software, the developer has the power to "
-#| "decide what you can do. He can use that power over you. Like Microsoft. "
-#| "That game is evil. Nobody should play it. So it's not a question of "
-#| "beating Microsoft at its game. I set out to get away from that game."
msgid ""
"With these four freedoms, you can live an upright life with your community. "
"If you use nonfree, proprietary software, the developer has the power to "
@@ -135,36 +100,6 @@
"ÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²ÑйÑи из ÑÑой игÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Once GNU[---]{+/+}Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was
-# | reliable, powerful, cheap and flexible. Thousands and millions of people
-# | began to use GNU[---]{+/+}Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be
-# | forgotten though. In 1998, people stopped talking about [-Free Software.-]
-# | {+free software.+} Instead they said “open [-source”.-]
-# | {+source.”+} That was a way of not saying “free” and not
-# | mentioning the ideas behind it. I don't disagree with that, but that's not
-# | what I am interested in. What I'm really interested in most of all is to
-# | teach people to value their freedoms and to fight for them. In software,
-# | as in the US, our freedom is threatened. So the basic things we need to do
-# | are: remember our freedom frequently, value it and insist on it. When
-# | someone says they protect me from terrorism by taking away my
-# | freedom—say No! Similarly, with software that threatens our freedom,
-# | that might give us some temporary comparative advantage—we should
-# | say No!
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Once GNU-Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was reliable, "
-#| "powerful, cheap and flexible. Thousands and millions of people began to "
-#| "use GNU-Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be forgotten though. In "
-#| "1998, people stopped talking about Free Software. Instead they said "
-#| "“open source”. That was a way of not saying “"
-#| "free” and not mentioning the ideas behind it. I don't disagree with "
-#| "that, but that's not what I am interested in. What I'm really interested "
-#| "in most of all is to teach people to value their freedoms and to fight "
-#| "for them. In software, as in the US, our freedom is threatened. So the "
-#| "basic things we need to do are: remember our freedom frequently, value it "
-#| "and insist on it. When someone says they protect me from terrorism by "
-#| "taking away my freedom—say No! Similarly, with software that "
-#| "threatens our freedom, that might give us some temporary comparative "
-#| "advantage—we should say No!"
msgid ""
"Once GNU/Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was reliable, "
"powerful, cheap and flexible. Thousands and millions of people began to use "
@@ -217,27 +152,6 @@
"плаÑа невелика."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | By globali[-s-]{+z+}ation, people usually mean globali[-s-]{+z+}ation of
-# | the power of business. Business should not have political power. Otherwise
-# | democracy becomes sick. And with globali[-s-]{+z+}ation of business power,
-# | this political power is enhanced. Free trade treaties are designed to
-# | attack democracy. For instance, it explicitly allows any business to sue
-# | government if a law makes its profit less than it has been. Companies
-# | have to be paid for the permission to do anything of social or
-# | environmental importance. Not all free trade treaties do this explicitly.
-# | They do it implicitly. Companies can threaten to move away elsewhere. And
-# | they do use this threat.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "By globalisation, people usually mean globalisation of the power of "
-#| "business. Business should not have political power. Otherwise democracy "
-#| "becomes sick. And with globalisation of business power, this political "
-#| "power is enhanced. Free trade treaties are designed to attack democracy. "
-#| "For instance, it explicitly allows any business to sue government if a "
-#| "law makes its profit less than it has been. Companies have to be paid "
-#| "for the permission to do anything of social or environmental importance. "
-#| "Not all free trade treaties do this explicitly. They do it implicitly. "
-#| "Companies can threaten to move away elsewhere. And they do use this "
-#| "threat."
msgid ""
"By globalization, people usually mean globalization of the power of "
"business. Business should not have political power. Otherwise democracy "
@@ -262,25 +176,6 @@
"ÑÑой ÑгÑозой полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | This actually happened some years ago, with the EU software patents. The
-# | [-govt-] {+government+} of Denmark was threatened that if they did not
-# | support this the company would move the business elsewhere. This tiny
-# | threat was sufficient to blackmail the [-govt-] {+government+} of Denmark.
-# | If you allow a foreign mega-corporation to buy a domestic corporation, you
-# | are allowing it to buy a weapon pointed against your country. The
-# | environment, public health, general standards of [-living—are-]
-# | {+living, are+} all important, and free trade treaties should be
-# | abolished. They are harmful to freedom, health and the lives of people.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This actually happened some years ago, with the EU software patents. The "
-#| "govt of Denmark was threatened that if they did not support this the "
-#| "company would move the business elsewhere. This tiny threat was "
-#| "sufficient to blackmail the govt of Denmark. If you allow a foreign mega-"
-#| "corporation to buy a domestic corporation, you are allowing it to buy a "
-#| "weapon pointed against your country. The environment, public health, "
-#| "general standards of living—are all important, and free trade "
-#| "treaties should be abolished. They are harmful to freedom, health and the "
-#| "lives of people."
msgid ""
"This actually happened some years ago, with the EU software patents. The "
"government of Denmark was threatened that if they did not support this the "
@@ -302,26 +197,6 @@
"жизни лÑдей."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | I do not accept the term “intellectual [-property”.-]
-# | {+property.”+} The very term is biased and confusing. It talks about
-# | useful techniques and works. It presumes they are
-# | [-“property”.-] {+“property.”+} It prejudges such
-# | questions. There's also a more subtle problem. It lumps together all the
-# | diverse things and makes it look like you can talk about all of them
-# | together. Copyright, patents, trade [-laws—are-] {+laws, are+} all
-# | very different. It takes the greatest efforts of the best scholars to
-# | overcome the confusion caused by the term “intellectual
-# | property” and to discuss the details of these individual items.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I do not accept the term “intellectual property”. The very "
-#| "term is biased and confusing. It talks about useful techniques and works. "
-#| "It presumes they are “property”. It prejudges such questions. "
-#| "There's also a more subtle problem. It lumps together all the diverse "
-#| "things and makes it look like you can talk about all of them together. "
-#| "Copyright, patents, trade laws—are all very different. It takes the "
-#| "greatest efforts of the best scholars to overcome the confusion caused by "
-#| "the term “intellectual property” and to discuss the details "
-#| "of these individual items."
msgid ""
"I do not accept the term “intellectual property.” The very term "
"is biased and confusing. It talks about useful techniques and works. It "
@@ -345,30 +220,6 @@
"ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ” и обÑÑждаÑÑ
подÑобноÑÑи ÑÑиÑ
оÑделÑнÑÑ
пÑедмеÑов."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The <abbr title=\"General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade\"> GATT</abbr>
-# | Treaty and the <abbr title=\"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
-# | Property Rights\">TRIPS</abbr>—actually it should be called
-# | Trade-related Impediments to Education and Science. Free trade and
-# | enhancement of world trade harms democracy. When you globali[-s-]{+z+}e
-# | something evil, it becomes a greater evil. And when you globali[-s-]{+z+}e
-# | something good, it becomes a greater good. Human knowledge and cooperation
-# | are such [-“goods”.-] {+“goods.”+} The [-Free
-# | Software Movement-] {+free software movement+} is a part of that. It is
-# | the globali[-s-]{+z+}ation of one area of human knowledge, namely
-# | software. Through global cooperation like this, you get freedom and
-# | independence for every region and every country.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The <abbr title=\"General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade\"> GATT</abbr> "
-#| "Treaty and the <abbr title=\"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual "
-#| "Property Rights\">TRIPS</abbr>—actually it should be called Trade-"
-#| "related Impediments to Education and Science. Free trade and enhancement "
-#| "of world trade harms democracy. When you globalise something evil, it "
-#| "becomes a greater evil. And when you globalise something good, it becomes "
-#| "a greater good. Human knowledge and cooperation are such “"
-#| "goods”. The Free Software Movement is a part of that. It is the "
-#| "globalisation of one area of human knowledge, namely software. Through "
-#| "global cooperation like this, you get freedom and independence for every "
-#| "region and every country."
msgid ""
"The <abbr title=\"General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade\"> GATT</abbr> "
"Treaty and the <abbr title=\"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property "
@@ -393,37 +244,6 @@
"незавиÑимоÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñегиона и
каждой ÑÑÑанÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Proprietary software is a colonial system. It's electronic colonialism.
-# | And not by a country, but by a corporation. Electronic colonial powers
-# | keep people divided and helpless. Look at the end-user licensing
-# | agreement. You don't have the source code, you are helpless. You can't
-# | share, and so you are kept divided. National colonial powers recruit local
-# | elites and pay them and keep them above the rest of the people, working
-# | for the colonial masters. Today we see electronic colonial powers recruit
-# | native zamindars to keep the system intact. Microsoft sets up a research
-# | facility and in exchange it keeps its grip firmly on everyone else. Govts
-# | and schools are in their grip. They know how to do this. They know how to
-# | buy govt support. But what's the govt buying? Dependency, not development.
-# | Only Free Software constitutes development. It enables any activity to be
-# | fully under the control of the people doing it. Free [-S-]{+s+}oftware is
-# | appropriate technology. Proprietary software is not appropriate for any
-# | use.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Proprietary software is a colonial system. It's electronic colonialism. "
-#| "And not by a country, but by a corporation. Electronic colonial powers "
-#| "keep people divided and helpless. Look at the end-user licensing "
-#| "agreement. You don't have the source code, you are helpless. You can't "
-#| "share, and so you are kept divided. National colonial powers recruit "
-#| "local elites and pay them and keep them above the rest of the people, "
-#| "working for the colonial masters. Today we see electronic colonial powers "
-#| "recruit native zamindars to keep the system intact. Microsoft sets up a "
-#| "research facility and in exchange it keeps its grip firmly on everyone "
-#| "else. Govts and schools are in their grip. They know how to do this. They "
-#| "know how to buy govt support. But what's the govt buying? Dependency, not "
-#| "development. Only Free Software constitutes development. It enables any "
-#| "activity to be fully under the control of the people doing it. Free "
-#| "Software is appropriate technology. Proprietary software is not "
-#| "appropriate for any use."
msgid ""
"Proprietary software is a colonial system. It's electronic colonialism. And "
"not by a country, but by a corporation. Electronic colonial powers keep "
@@ -458,37 +278,6 @@
"ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ подÑ
одÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ длÑ
какого пÑименениÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The West Bengal [-govt-] {+government+} has an opportunity to adopt a
-# | policy of firm leadership in this regard. This will give a boost to human
-# | resource development. Free [-S-]{+s+}oftware respects people's freedom.
-# | [-Govt-] {+Government+} has an influence on the future of society.
-# | Choosing which software to teach students: if you teach them Windows, they
-# | will be Windows users. For something else, they need to learn, and make
-# | the effort to learn something else. Microsoft knows this. So it donates
-# | Windows to schools. Addiction (through using unauthorised software use)
-# | only helps them. They didn't want to leave anything to choice, so they
-# | give Windows free to schools. Like injecting a dose. The first dose is
-# | gratis. Afterwards it's not gratis, either for them or their employers.
-# | This is a way to impose their power on the rest of society and its future.
-# | Schools have a mission to society. This mission requires teaching students
-# | to live in freedom, teaching skills to make it easy to live in freedom.
-# | This means using [-Free Software.-] {+free software.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The West Bengal govt has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm "
-#| "leadership in this regard. This will give a boost to human resource "
-#| "development. Free Software respects people's freedom. Govt has an "
-#| "influence on the future of society. Choosing which software to teach "
-#| "students: if you teach them Windows, they will be Windows users. For "
-#| "something else, they need to learn, and make the effort to learn "
-#| "something else. Microsoft knows this. So it donates Windows to schools. "
-#| "Addiction (through using unauthorised software use) only helps them. They "
-#| "didn't want to leave anything to choice, so they give Windows free to "
-#| "schools. Like injecting a dose. The first dose is gratis. Afterwards it's "
-#| "not gratis, either for them or their employers. This is a way to impose "
-#| "their power on the rest of society and its future. Schools have a mission "
-#| "to society. This mission requires teaching students to live in freedom, "
-#| "teaching skills to make it easy to live in freedom. This means using Free "
-#| "Software."
msgid ""
"The West Bengal government has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm "
"leadership in this regard. This will give a boost to human resource "
@@ -523,21 +312,6 @@
"пÑогÑамм."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Free [-S-]{+s+}oftware is good for computer science education, to maximise
-# | the potential of natural programmers. It gives students the opportunity to
-# | really learn. It's good for the natural programmers. If you have
-# | proprietary software, the teacher says “I don't [-know”,
-# | “You-] {+know. You+} are not allowed to know, it's a secret.”
-# | So the alternative is to give him the source codes and let him read it
-# | all. They will then learn to be really good programmers.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Free Software is good for computer science education, to maximise the "
-#| "potential of natural programmers. It gives students the opportunity to "
-#| "really learn. It's good for the natural programmers. If you have "
-#| "proprietary software, the teacher says “I don't know”, “"
-#| "You are not allowed to know, it's a secret.” So the alternative is "
-#| "to give him the source codes and let him read it all. They will then "
-#| "learn to be really good programmers."
msgid ""
"Free software is good for computer science education, to maximise the "
"potential of natural programmers. It gives students the opportunity to "
@@ -555,28 +329,6 @@
"наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑими пÑогÑаммиÑÑами."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | But the most crucial reason is for the sake of moral education. Teaching
-# | them to be good corporations and benevolent, helpful citizens. This has to
-# | be taught. School has to teach by example. If you bring software to class,
-# | you must share this with other kids. Or don't bring it. Schools must
-# | follow their own rule, by bringing [-Free Software-] {+free software+} to
-# | class. Schools should use 100% [-Free Software.-] {+free software.+} No
-# | proprietary software should be used in schools. Public agencies, after a
-# | migration period, should use [-Free Software.-] {+free software.+} All
-# | software development must run on [-Free Software-] {+free software+}
-# | platforms. And if it's released to the public, it must be [-Free
-# | Software.-] {+free software.+} (Free: as in free speech, not free beer.)
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But the most crucial reason is for the sake of moral education. Teaching "
-#| "them to be good corporations and benevolent, helpful citizens. This has "
-#| "to be taught. School has to teach by example. If you bring software to "
-#| "class, you must share this with other kids. Or don't bring it. Schools "
-#| "must follow their own rule, by bringing Free Software to class. Schools "
-#| "should use 100% Free Software. No proprietary software should be used in "
-#| "schools. Public agencies, after a migration period, should use Free "
-#| "Software. All software development must run on Free Software platforms. "
-#| "And if it's released to the public, it must be Free Software. (Free: as "
-#| "in free speech, not free beer.)"
msgid ""
"But the most crucial reason is for the sake of moral education. Teaching "
"them to be good corporations and benevolent, helpful citizens. This has to "
@@ -600,23 +352,6 @@
"“волÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑ”, а не “беÑплаÑное
пиво”)."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | One easy and useful way to put [-Free Software-] {+free software+} in
-# | schools—is to participate in the [-“1-] {+“One+} Laptop
-# | per Child” [-programme.-] {+program.+} India recently pulled out of
-# | this [-programme,-] {+program,+} I'm told. I'm told the Indian [-govt-]
-# | {+governmentt+} is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations
-# | happy. Maybe this was to make Microsoft happy. Even if India is not, West
-# | Bengal can participate in the [-1-] {+One+} Laptop per child
-# | [-programme.-] {+program.+} I can put them in touch with the people
-# | developing that machine.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One easy and useful way to put Free Software in schools—is to "
-#| "participate in the “1 Laptop per Child” programme. India "
-#| "recently pulled out of this programme, I'm told. I'm told the Indian govt "
-#| "is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations happy. Maybe "
-#| "this was to make Microsoft happy. Even if India is not, West Bengal can "
-#| "participate in the 1 Laptop per child programme. I can put them in touch "
-#| "with the people developing that machine."
msgid ""
"One easy and useful way to put free software in schools—is to "
"participate in the “One Laptop per Child” program. India "
@@ -637,18 +372,6 @@
"ÑвÑзаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ñ Ñеми, кÑо ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑ
маÑинÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The [-Govt-] {+Government+} of India is considering a vicious new
-# | copyright law, imitating US law, in favour of large businesses, and
-# | against its citizens. The only emergency I can see that requires this
-# | being rushed through is catastrophic shortfall in the dream profits of
-# | some businesses! Foreigners should not have political power. In my case, I
-# | don't.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The Govt of India is considering a vicious new copyright law, imitating "
-#| "US law, in favour of large businesses, and against its citizens. The only "
-#| "emergency I can see that requires this being rushed through is "
-#| "catastrophic shortfall in the dream profits of some businesses! "
-#| "Foreigners should not have political power. In my case, I don't."
msgid ""
"The Government of India is considering a vicious new copyright law, "
"imitating US law, in favour of large businesses, and against its citizens. "
@@ -705,11 +428,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -724,8 +442,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 2006, [-2019-] {+2021+} Richard Stallman
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2006, 2019 Richard Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />Copyright © 2013, "
Index: philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru-en.html
===================================================================
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diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru-en.html 1 Jul 2020 17:03:01 -0000
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+++ philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru-en.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
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@@ -1,39 +1,51 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.87 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>RMS on Radio New Zealand -
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) { .toc li { display: inline-block; width: 95%; }}
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>RMS on Radio NZ - October 2009</h2>
-
-<p><em>Interview between Kim Hill (presenter) and Richard M Stallman</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>RMS on Radio New Zealand</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript (by Jim Cheetham) of an interview between Kim Hill (presenter)
+and Richard Stallman in October 2009.</p>
+</div>
-<div class="summary">
-<h3>Interesting sections</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>[<a href="#t0">00:00</a>] Introduction</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1">00:40</a>] Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2">00:19</a>] Terrorism and 9/11</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3">04:30</a>] Barack Obama</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t4">06:23</a>] Airline Security</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t5">08:02</a>] Digital Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t6">10:26</a>] Systematic Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t7">12:20</a>] Taxi surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t8">14:25</a>] Matters of Principle — cellphones</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t9">15:33</a>] Free Software and Freedom</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t10">17:24</a>] Free Trade treaties</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t11">20:08</a>] Cars, microwaves and planes</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t12">21:05</a>] Copying books</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t13">25:31</a>] E-books & supporting artists</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t14">28:42</a>] Micropayments</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t15">30:47</a>] A simplistic political philosophy?</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t16">32:51</a>] Income</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t17">33:48</a>] Digital handcuffs — Amazon Kindle</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t18">36:13</a>] Buying books</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t19">37:16</a>] Social networking</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t20">38:08</a>] The
-<abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">ACTA</abbr></li>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Interesting sections</h3>
+<ul class="columns no-bullet">
+<li><a href="#t0">[00:00] Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1">[00:40] Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2">[00:19] Terrorism and 9/11</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3">[04:30] Barack Obama</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t4">[06:23] Airline Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t5">[08:02] Digital Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t6">[10:26] Systematic Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t7">[12:20] Taxi surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t8">[14:25] Matters of Principle—cellphones</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t9">[15:33] Free Software and Freedom</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t10">[17:24] Free Trade treaties</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t11">[20:08] Cars, microwaves and planes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t12">[21:05] Copying books</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t13">[25:31] E-books & supporting artists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t14">[28:42] Micropayments</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t15">[30:47] A simplistic political philosophy?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t16">[32:51] Income</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t17">[33:48] Digital handcuffs—Amazon Kindle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t18">[36:13] Buying books</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t19">[37:16] Social networking</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t20">[38:08] The
+<abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">ACTA</abbr></a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
@@ -48,7 +60,7 @@
us last year, against what he calls extreme capitalism. His GNU
operating system with Linux was the first Free operating system that
could run on a PC. Richard Stallman says “it's all about
-freedom”, a cause which goes beyond software; and we could talk
+freedom,” a cause which goes beyond software; and we could talk
about the others he's identified, surveillance and censorship, because
he joins me now, hello.</dd>
@@ -73,7 +85,7 @@
<dd>Because it's too much information to collect about people who
aren't criminals. And by the way for the same reason I will not ever
go to Japan again unless they changed that policy, which makes me sad,
-but one must …</dd>
+but one must…</dd>
<dt id="t2">[01:19]<br />
KH</dt>
@@ -93,14 +105,13 @@
9/11?</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
-<dd>I can't say … first of all I think it's unfair — we
+<dd>I can't say … first of all I think it's unfair—we
know that the attack was a conspiracy. All the theories are
conspiracies.</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>Well, all right, the conspiracy theory for example, that has the
-Bush administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify
-…</dd>
+Bush administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I don't know. The only way there could ever be proof of that is
@@ -126,8 +137,8 @@
is … and remember that these governments are much more
dangerous, it's quite clear that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more
destructive than anything non state-sponsored terrorists have been
-able to do — that's assuming that those terrorists in September
-2001 were not state-sponsored, which we don't know — but the
+able to do—that's assuming that those terrorists in September
+2001 were not state-sponsored, which we don't know—but the
point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using those attacks as an
excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember than governments
gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not state-sponsored.
@@ -163,14 +174,14 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>Yeah, they may be entitled to that but he's also democratically
-elected President who …</dd>
+elected President who…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>That doesn't mean he's entitled to violate human rights.</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>No, but would the American people be in favor of the release of
-those …</dd>
+those…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I don't know.</dd>
@@ -182,15 +193,15 @@
<dd>No it's not, if they're not that just makes them responsible.</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>I know you're …</dd>
+<dd>I know you're…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I don't think I can excuse massive violations of human rights by
saying that the public is maddened and supports it. Especially, why
are they so maddened? Because of a constant propaganda campaign
-telling you “Be terrified of terrorists”, “throw
+telling you “Be terrified of terrorists, throw
away your human rights and everyone else's because you're so scared of
-these terrorists”. It's disproportionate, we have to keep these
+these terrorists.” It's disproportionate, we have to keep these
dangers in their proportion, there isn't a campaign saying “be
terrified of getting in a car” but maybe there ought to be.</dd>
@@ -207,7 +218,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>But are you? I would have thought that you would have said
“why would they spend money reinforcing the cabin doors because
-hijackers are a minor issue”.</dd>
+hijackers are a minor issue.”</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I'm not against spending a little bit of money.</dd>
@@ -235,7 +246,7 @@
<dt id="t5">[08:02]<br />
KH</dt>
<dd>If you don't agree with surveillance, is there any way that you
-would accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV …</dd>
+would accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>Wait a second, your view of surveillance is oversimplifying
@@ -245,7 +256,7 @@
the Stasi, they did a lot of surveillance but it took a lot of people
working on it and even then it was limited what they could actually
watch and record because it was so hard. Now, we're entering a kind
-of surveillance society that has never been seen before …</dd>
+of surveillance society that has never been seen before…</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>You're talking about digital surveillance.</dd>
@@ -315,7 +326,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>No, the difficulty is being on guard against the danger that
-you've cited, without giving quarter to …</dd>
+you've cited, without giving quarter to…</dd>
<dt id="t7">[12:20]<br />
RMS</dt>
@@ -339,7 +350,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going
-to attack taxi drivers …</dd>
+to attack taxi drivers…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>But you see there the point is, those are not looked at unless
@@ -356,7 +367,7 @@
<dt id="t8">[14:25]<br />
KH</dt>
-<dd>As a matter of principle, rather than …</dd>
+<dd>As a matter of principle, rather than…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>As a matter of principle. It's not an issue of convenience.</dd>
@@ -389,14 +400,14 @@
participate in a system like that, I think people shouldn't. It would
be very convenient for me to have a cellphone, I'm not one of those
people who would, who says “I resent the fact that people can
-call me”, it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not
+call me,” it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not
going to do it that way.</dd>
<dt id="t9">[15:33]<br />
KH</dt>
<dd>It's interesting that your battle for Free Software and the issues
of freedom that you identify intersect. They didn't start out being
-the same — or did they?</dd>
+the same—or did they?</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>Well they didn't start out being the same. Pervasive digital
@@ -405,7 +416,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>But the people who were in charge were still the people who were
in charge, the people who you identified as the people you didn't want
-to see …</dd>
+to see…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>Well actually they're not the same people. Proprietary software's
@@ -421,11 +432,11 @@
<dd>Well I'm sorry, when I say extreme capitalism I'm talking about a
philosophy, and that philosophy says “the market should control
everything, everything should be for sale, and business should be
-allowed to dominate politics and get the laws it wants”, which
+allowed to dominate politics and get the laws it wants,” which
is very different from mere capitalism, which says “within a
society which we set up to protect peoples rights and so on, there are
lots of things that people should be free to do, and make businesses
-to do them, as they wish”. That difference is why today's form
+to do them, as they wish.” That difference is why today's form
of capitalism is running wild and why we see free exploitation
treaties which basically undermine democracy and turn it in to a
sham.</dd>
@@ -449,7 +460,7 @@
<span class="gnun-split"></span>Of course it was they who decided to adopt
that treaty in the
first place which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these
treaties go beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the
-US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't
+US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna—you weren't
allowed to sell tuna in the US if it had been caught in a way that
endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be scrapped because of the
World Trade Organization, that's just one example.</dd>
@@ -466,7 +477,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>Of course, we're in favor of Free Trade here, Richard, because we
-rely on it …</dd>
+rely on it…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>Well I'm not in favor of free trade beyond a certain point. The
@@ -602,8 +613,7 @@
do, they want less.</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>So if being read and appreciated is what authors want
-…</dd>
+<dd>So if being read and appreciated is what authors want…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>Well they start out wanting. Those who have got rich, some of
@@ -627,7 +637,7 @@
<dd>Oh no I'm not, you're mistaken.</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>If they cannot sell the book …</dd>
+<dd>If they cannot sell the book…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>You're mistaken, you're making a projection which people who know
@@ -662,8 +672,8 @@
the current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it
works very well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get
treated with great deference by the corporations, and the rest
-basically get ground into the dust. My proposals — I have two,
-and another that combines them — one proposal is support artists
+basically get ground into the dust. My proposals—I have two,
+and another that combines them—one proposal is support artists
using taxes, it could either be a specific tax on Internet
connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a tremendous amount of
money by comparison with other government expenditures, and then you
@@ -734,7 +744,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>What about getting rid of taxes entirely, and giving us all the
-power to direct …</dd>
+power to direct…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I'm not against taxes.</dd>
@@ -841,8 +851,8 @@
products are designed with digital handcuffs, that is features to stop
the user from doing things. So nowadays when I hear about a new
product or a new service my first thought is “what's malicious
-in that?”, “how is it designed to restrict what you can
-do?”. And these products are very malicious, for instance there
+in that? How is it designed to restrict what you can
+do?” And these products are very malicious, for instance there
is the Amazon Kindle, it's an e-book reader, and they call it the
Kindle to express what it's designed to do to our books [<a
href="#f1">1</a>].</dd>
@@ -879,7 +889,7 @@
<dt id="t18">[36:13]<br />
RMS</dt>
<dd>I buy books from bookstores, yes I go to a store and I say
-“I want that one”.</dd>
+“I want that one.”</dd>
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>And you hand money over for it? Even though you think that that's
@@ -900,7 +910,7 @@
<dt>KH</dt>
<dd>As a matter of interest we've been talking about freedoms,
surveillance and digital monitoring, does the extraordinary rise of
-social networking …</dd>
+social networking…</dd>
<dt>RMS</dt>
<dd>I buy CDs of music as well even though in that case I know the
@@ -942,7 +952,7 @@
tell the public. So the point is that the; many governments,
including of course the US are conspiring in secret to impose new
restrictions on us relating to copyright and part of their latest
-propaganda is they call sharing “counterfeiting”.
+propaganda is they call sharing “counterfeiting.”
<span class="gnun-split"></span>But the
point is that this treaty will have provisions to restrict the public,
we think, but they won't tell us. This is called Policy Laundering,
@@ -960,17 +970,18 @@
</dl>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnote</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">[2019] We call it <a
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">the Swindle</a>
because it's designed to swindle readers out of the traditional
freedoms of readers of books.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -988,51 +999,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
-<!-- This page is an exception; only the web page copyright year should
- get updated. -->
-<p>Web page Copyright © 2014, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
-<p>Transcript Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham.</p>
-
-<p>This transcript is licensed under the
-<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives New Zealand</a> license.
+<p>Transcript Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham</p>
+
+<p>This transcript is licensed under the <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 New Zealand License</a>.
</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 17:03:01 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000 1.24
+++ philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.25
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "RMS on Radio New Zealand - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -29,11 +28,6 @@
msgstr "СÑолмен на ÐовозеландÑком Ñадио"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<em>Interview-]{+Transcript (by Jim Cheetham) of an interview+} between
-# | Kim Hill (presenter) and Richard [-M Stallman</em>-] {+Stallman in
-# | October 2009.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<em>Interview between Kim Hill (presenter) and Richard M Stallman</em>"
msgid ""
"Transcript (by Jim Cheetham) of an interview between Kim Hill (presenter) "
"and Richard Stallman in October 2009."
@@ -46,152 +40,86 @@
msgstr "РазделÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t0\">00:00</a>] Introduction-]{+<a href=\"#t0\">[00:00]
-# | Introduction</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t0\">00:00</a>] Introduction"
msgid "<a href=\"#t0\">[00:00] Introduction</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t0\">[00:00] Ðведение</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t1\">00:40</a>] Surveillance-]{+<a href=\"#t1\">[00:40]
-# | Surveillance</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t1\">00:40</a>] Surveillance"
msgid "<a href=\"#t1\">[00:40] Surveillance</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t1\">[00:40] Слежка</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t2\">00:19</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t2\">[00:19]+} Terrorism and
-# | [-9/11-] {+9/11</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t2\">00:19</a>] Terrorism and 9/11"
msgid "<a href=\"#t2\">[00:19] Terrorism and 9/11</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t2\">[00:19] ТеÑÑоÑизм и 11 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t3\">04:30</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t3\">[04:30]+} Barack
-# | [-Obama-] {+Obama</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t3\">04:30</a>] Barack Obama"
msgid "<a href=\"#t3\">[04:30] Barack Obama</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t3\">[04:30] ÐаÑак Ðбама</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t4\">06:23</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t4\">[06:23]+} Airline
-# | [-Security-] {+Security</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t4\">06:23</a>] Airline Security"
msgid "<a href=\"#t4\">[06:23] Airline Security</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t4\">[06:23] ÐезопаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
авиалиниÑÑ
</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t5\">08:02</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t5\">[08:02]+} Digital
-# | [-Surveillance-] {+Surveillance</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t5\">08:02</a>] Digital Surveillance"
msgid "<a href=\"#t5\">[08:02] Digital Surveillance</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t5\">[08:02] ЦиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлежка</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t6\">10:26</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t6\">[10:26]+} Systematic
-# | [-Surveillance-] {+Surveillance</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t6\">10:26</a>] Systematic Surveillance"
msgid "<a href=\"#t6\">[10:26] Systematic Surveillance</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t6\">[10:26] СиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑкаÑ
Ñлежка</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t7\">12:20</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t7\">[12:20]+} Taxi
-# | [-surveillance-] {+surveillance</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t7\">12:20</a>] Taxi surveillance"
msgid "<a href=\"#t7\">[12:20] Taxi surveillance</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t7\">[12:20] Слежка в ÑакÑи</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t8\">14:25</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t8\">[14:25]+} Matters of
-# | [-Principle — cellphones-] {+Principle—cellphones</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t8\">14:25</a>] Matters of Principle — cellphones"
msgid "<a href=\"#t8\">[14:25] Matters of Principle—cellphones</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t8\">[14:25] Ðело пÑинÑипа —
ÑоÑовÑе ÑелеÑонÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t9\">15:33</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t9\">[15:33]+} Free Software
-# | and [-Freedom-] {+Freedom</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t9\">15:33</a>] Free Software and Freedom"
msgid "<a href=\"#t9\">[15:33] Free Software and Freedom</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t9\">[15:33] СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
Ñвобода</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t10\">17:24</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t10\">[17:24]+} Free Trade
-# | [-treaties-] {+treaties</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t10\">17:24</a>] Free Trade treaties"
msgid "<a href=\"#t10\">[17:24] Free Trade treaties</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t10\">[17:24] ÐоговоÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободной
ÑоÑговле</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t11\">20:08</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t11\">[20:08]+} Cars,
-# | microwaves and [-planes-] {+planes</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t11\">20:08</a>] Cars, microwaves and planes"
msgid "<a href=\"#t11\">[20:08] Cars, microwaves and planes</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t11\">[20:08] ÐвÑомобили, СÐЧ и
ÑамолеÑÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t12\">21:05</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t12\">[21:05]+} Copying
-# | [-books-] {+books</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t12\">21:05</a>] Copying books"
msgid "<a href=\"#t12\">[21:05] Copying books</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t12\">[21:05] ÐопиÑование книг</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t13\">25:31</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t13\">[25:31]+} E-books &
-# | supporting [-artists-] {+artists</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t13\">25:31</a>] E-books & supporting artists"
msgid "<a href=\"#t13\">[25:31] E-books & supporting artists</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t13\">[25:31] ÐлекÑÑоннÑе книги и
поддеÑжка иÑкÑÑÑÑва</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t14\">28:42</a>] Micropayments-]{+<a href=\"#t14\">[28:42]
-# | Micropayments</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t14\">28:42</a>] Micropayments"
msgid "<a href=\"#t14\">[28:42] Micropayments</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t14\">[28:42] ÐикÑоплаÑежи</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t15\">30:47</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t15\">[30:47]+} A simplistic
-# | political [-philosophy?-] {+philosophy?</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t15\">30:47</a>] A simplistic political philosophy?"
msgid "<a href=\"#t15\">[30:47] A simplistic political philosophy?</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t15\">[30:47] ÐÑимиÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ
полиÑики?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t16\">32:51</a>] Income-]{+<a href=\"#t16\">[32:51]
-# | Income</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t16\">32:51</a>] Income"
msgid "<a href=\"#t16\">[32:51] Income</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t16\">[32:51] ÐоÑ
од</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t17\">33:48</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t17\">[33:48]+} Digital
-# | [-handcuffs — Amazon Kindle-] {+handcuffs—Amazon Kindle</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t17\">33:48</a>] Digital handcuffs — Amazon Kindle"
msgid "<a href=\"#t17\">[33:48] Digital handcuffs—Amazon Kindle</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t17\">[33:48] ЦиÑÑовÑе наÑÑÑники —
Amazon Kindle</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t18\">36:13</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t18\">[36:13]+} Buying
-# | [-books-] {+books</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t18\">36:13</a>] Buying books"
msgid "<a href=\"#t18\">[36:13] Buying books</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t18\">[36:13] ÐокÑпка книг</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t19\">37:16</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t19\">[37:16]+} Social
-# | [-networking-] {+networking</a>+}
-#| msgid "[<a href=\"#t19\">37:16</a>] Social networking"
msgid "<a href=\"#t19\">[37:16] Social networking</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#t19\">[37:16] СоÑиалÑнÑе ÑеÑи</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-[<a href=\"#t20\">38:08</a>]-]{+<a href=\"#t20\">[38:08]+} The <abbr
-# | title=\"Anti-Counterfeiting Trade [-Agreement\">ACTA</abbr>-]
-# | {+Agreement\">ACTA</abbr></a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "[<a href=\"#t20\">38:08</a>] The <abbr title=\"Anti-Counterfeiting Trade "
-#| "Agreement\">ACTA</abbr>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#t20\">[38:08] The <abbr title=\"Anti-Counterfeiting Trade "
"Agreement\">ACTA</abbr></a>"
@@ -206,25 +134,6 @@
msgstr "ÐÐ¥"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | We spoke to Richard Stallman a while ago last year about his campaign for
-# | Free Software. He's a hero, of course, of the movement; launched the Free
-# | Software Foundation, campaigns against software patents and extensions of
-# | copyright laws. His battle is, as he told us last year, against what he
-# | calls extreme capitalism. His GNU operating system with Linux was the
-# | first Free operating system that could run on a PC. Richard Stallman says
-# | “it's all about [-freedom”,-] {+freedom,”+} a cause
-# | which goes beyond software; and we could talk about the others he's
-# | identified, surveillance and censorship, because he joins me now, hello.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We spoke to Richard Stallman a while ago last year about his campaign for "
-#| "Free Software. He's a hero, of course, of the movement; launched the "
-#| "Free Software Foundation, campaigns against software patents and "
-#| "extensions of copyright laws. His battle is, as he told us last year, "
-#| "against what he calls extreme capitalism. His GNU operating system with "
-#| "Linux was the first Free operating system that could run on a PC. "
-#| "Richard Stallman says “it's all about freedom”, a cause which "
-#| "goes beyond software; and we could talk about the others he's identified, "
-#| "surveillance and censorship, because he joins me now, hello."
msgid ""
"We spoke to Richard Stallman a while ago last year about his campaign for "
"Free Software. He's a hero, of course, of the movement; launched the Free "
@@ -283,15 +192,6 @@
msgstr "ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе, ÑÑо Ñакое обÑаÑение
недопÑÑÑимо?"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Because it's too much information to collect about people who aren't
-# | criminals. And by the way for the same reason I will not ever go to Japan
-# | again unless they changed that policy, which makes me sad, but one must[-
-# | -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Because it's too much information to collect about people who aren't "
-#| "criminals. And by the way for the same reason I will not ever go to "
-#| "Japan again unless they changed that policy, which makes me sad, but one "
-#| "must …"
msgid ""
"Because it's too much information to collect about people who aren't "
"criminals. And by the way for the same reason I will not ever go to Japan "
@@ -332,12 +232,6 @@
msgstr "ÐÑак, Ð²Ñ — ÑÑоÑонник ÑеоÑий
заговоÑа вокÑÑг ÑÑиÑ
ÑобÑÑий?"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | I can't say … first of all I think it's [-unfair — we-]
-# | {+unfair—we+} know that the attack was a conspiracy. All the
-# | theories are conspiracies.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I can't say … first of all I think it's unfair — we know "
-#| "that the attack was a conspiracy. All the theories are conspiracies."
msgid ""
"I can't say … first of all I think it's unfair—we know that the "
"attack was a conspiracy. All the theories are conspiracies."
@@ -346,11 +240,6 @@
"знаем, ÑÑо ÑÑо бÑл заговоÑ. ÐÑе ÑеоÑии
ÑÑÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° заговоÑе."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Well, all right, the conspiracy theory for example, that has the Bush
-# | administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Well, all right, the conspiracy theory for example, that has the Bush "
-#| "administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify …"
msgid ""
"Well, all right, the conspiracy theory for example, that has the Bush "
"administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify…"
@@ -387,34 +276,6 @@
"Ñавно ÑÑÑеÑÑвование ÑеÑÑоÑизма
беÑÑпоÑно."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September
-# | 2001 from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues
-# | month after month, but we don't have a Global War on Accidents, so
-# | basically politicians used a real danger, but not the world's biggest
-# | danger, as an excuse for what they want to do, which is … and
-# | remember that these governments are much more dangerous, it's quite clear
-# | that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more destructive than anything non
-# | state-sponsored terrorists have been able to [-do — that's-]
-# | {+do—that's+} assuming that those terrorists in September 2001 were
-# | not state-sponsored, which we don't [-know — but-]
-# | {+know—but+} the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using
-# | those attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember
-# | than governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not
-# | state-sponsored.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September "
-#| "2001 from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues "
-#| "month after month, but we don't have a Global War on Accidents, so "
-#| "basically politicians used a real danger, but not the world's biggest "
-#| "danger, as an excuse for what they want to do, which is … and "
-#| "remember that these governments are much more dangerous, it's quite clear "
-#| "that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more destructive than anything non "
-#| "state-sponsored terrorists have been able to do — that's assuming "
-#| "that those terrorists in September 2001 were not state-sponsored, which "
-#| "we don't know — but the point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, "
-#| "using those attacks as an excuse, was tremendously worse and we must "
-#| "remember than governments gone amok can do far more damage than anybody "
-#| "not state-sponsored."
msgid ""
"Yes, but it's a minor problem. More people died in the US in September 2001 "
"from car accidents than from a terrorist attack, and that continues month "
@@ -501,11 +362,6 @@
"в ÐагÑам. ÐÑ
надо бÑло ÑÑдиÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
вÑпÑÑÑиÑÑ. У ниÑ
еÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо пÑаво."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Yeah, they may be entitled to that but he's also democratically elected
-# | President who[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yeah, they may be entitled to that but he's also democratically elected "
-#| "President who …"
msgid ""
"Yeah, they may be entitled to that but he's also democratically elected "
"President who…"
@@ -518,11 +374,6 @@
msgstr "ÐÑо не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ еÑÑÑ
пÑеÑогаÑива наÑÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ñава Ñеловека."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | No, but would the American people be in favor of the release of those[-
-# | -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "No, but would the American people be in favor of the release of those "
-#| "…"
msgid ""
"No, but would the American people be in favor of the release of those…"
msgstr "Ðа, но Ñазве амеÑиканÑкий наÑод за Ñо,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
вÑпÑÑÑиÑÑ..."
@@ -541,30 +392,10 @@
"ÐеÑ, не ÑледÑеÑ; еÑли они пÑоÑив, они
пÑоÑÑо ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑаÑÑнÑми."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | I know you're[- -]…
-#| msgid "I know you're …"
msgid "I know you're…"
msgstr "Я понимаÑ, ÑÑо вÑ..."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | I don't think I can excuse massive violations of human rights by saying
-# | that the public is maddened and supports it. Especially, why are they so
-# | maddened? Because of a constant propaganda campaign telling you “Be
-# | terrified of [-terrorists”, “throw-] {+terrorists, throw+}
-# | away your human rights and everyone else's because you're so scared of
-# | these [-terrorists”.-] {+terrorists.”+} It's disproportionate,
-# | we have to keep these dangers in their proportion, there isn't a campaign
-# | saying “be terrified of getting in a car” but maybe there
-# | ought to be.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I don't think I can excuse massive violations of human rights by saying "
-#| "that the public is maddened and supports it. Especially, why are they so "
-#| "maddened? Because of a constant propaganda campaign telling you “Be "
-#| "terrified of terrorists”, “throw away your human rights and "
-#| "everyone else's because you're so scared of these terrorists”. "
-#| "It's disproportionate, we have to keep these dangers in their proportion, "
-#| "there isn't a campaign saying “be terrified of getting in a "
-#| "car” but maybe there ought to be."
msgid ""
"I don't think I can excuse massive violations of human rights by saying that "
"the public is maddened and supports it. Especially, why are they so "
@@ -606,13 +437,6 @@
"ÑгонÑики не могли доÑÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ пилоÑов, Ñ
оÑоÑо, ÑÑо ÑазÑÐ¼Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑа."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | But are you? I would have thought that you would have said “why
-# | would they spend money reinforcing the cabin doors because hijackers are a
-# | minor [-issue”.-] {+issue.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But are you? I would have thought that you would have said “why "
-#| "would they spend money reinforcing the cabin doors because hijackers are "
-#| "a minor issue”."
msgid ""
"But are you? I would have thought that you would have said “why would "
"they spend money reinforcing the cabin doors because hijackers are a minor "
@@ -664,11 +488,6 @@
msgstr "[08:02]"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | If you don't agree with surveillance, is there any way that you would
-# | accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you don't agree with surveillance, is there any way that you would "
-#| "accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV …"
msgid ""
"If you don't agree with surveillance, is there any way that you would accept "
"that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV…"
@@ -677,23 +496,6 @@
"ÑÑо бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑдобнÑм — CCTV..."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Wait a second, your view of surveillance is oversimplifying things, what I
-# | see happening with computers is they make possible a form of total
-# | surveillance which wasn't feasible in the past, even governments like
-# | Romania under Ceaușescu, or East Germany with the Stasi, they did a
-# | lot of surveillance but it took a lot of people working on it and even
-# | then it was limited what they could actually watch and record because it
-# | was so hard. Now, we're entering a kind of surveillance society that has
-# | never been seen before[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Wait a second, your view of surveillance is oversimplifying things, what "
-#| "I see happening with computers is they make possible a form of total "
-#| "surveillance which wasn't feasible in the past, even governments like "
-#| "Romania under Ceaușescu, or East Germany with the Stasi, they did "
-#| "a lot of surveillance but it took a lot of people working on it and even "
-#| "then it was limited what they could actually watch and record because it "
-#| "was so hard. Now, we're entering a kind of surveillance society that has "
-#| "never been seen before …"
msgid ""
"Wait a second, your view of surveillance is oversimplifying things, what I "
"see happening with computers is they make possible a form of total "
@@ -833,11 +635,6 @@
"не Ñ
оÑÑ ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑеÑÑоÑиÑÑов не
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо они ÑовÑем не опаÑнÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | No, the difficulty is being on guard against the danger that you've cited,
-# | without giving quarter to[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "No, the difficulty is being on guard against the danger that you've "
-#| "cited, without giving quarter to …"
msgid ""
"No, the difficulty is being on guard against the danger that you've cited, "
"without giving quarter to…"
@@ -889,11 +686,6 @@
"именно Ñак."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going to
-# | attack taxi drivers[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going to "
-#| "attack taxi drivers …"
msgid ""
"How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going to attack "
"taxi drivers…"
@@ -931,8 +723,6 @@
msgstr "[14:25]"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | As a matter of principle, rather than[- -]…
-#| msgid "As a matter of principle, rather than …"
msgid "As a matter of principle, rather than…"
msgstr "ÐÑо дело пÑинÑипа, а не..."
@@ -971,29 +761,6 @@
msgstr "Я дÑмал, ÑÑо ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ
пÑиÑина."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Actually there is one you can get, although they're not producing it
-# | anymore, it didn't work all that well, it's Mark One. So that's another
-# | issue, but that didn't exist, that issue wasn't there when cellphones
-# | first came out, people didn't install programs in them, they were just
-# | fixed appliances, but they have always raised the issue that they're
-# | constantly saying where you are, and I just don't want to participate in a
-# | system like that, I think people shouldn't. It would be very convenient
-# | for me to have a cellphone, I'm not one of those people who would, who
-# | says “I resent the fact that people can call [-me”,-]
-# | {+me,”+} it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not going
-# | to do it that way.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Actually there is one you can get, although they're not producing it "
-#| "anymore, it didn't work all that well, it's Mark One. So that's another "
-#| "issue, but that didn't exist, that issue wasn't there when cellphones "
-#| "first came out, people didn't install programs in them, they were just "
-#| "fixed appliances, but they have always raised the issue that they're "
-#| "constantly saying where you are, and I just don't want to participate in "
-#| "a system like that, I think people shouldn't. It would be very "
-#| "convenient for me to have a cellphone, I'm not one of those people who "
-#| "would, who says “I resent the fact that people can call me”, "
-#| "it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not going to do it that "
-#| "way."
msgid ""
"Actually there is one you can get, although they're not producing it "
"anymore, it didn't work all that well, it's Mark One. So that's another "
@@ -1023,13 +790,6 @@
msgstr "[15:33]"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | It's interesting that your battle for Free Software and the issues of
-# | freedom that you identify intersect. They didn't start out being the
-# | [-same — or-] {+same—or+} did they?
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It's interesting that your battle for Free Software and the issues of "
-#| "freedom that you identify intersect. They didn't start out being the "
-#| "same — or did they?"
msgid ""
"It's interesting that your battle for Free Software and the issues of "
"freedom that you identify intersect. They didn't start out being the "
@@ -1048,13 +808,6 @@
"ÑиÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñлежка не бÑла болÑÑой
пÑоблемой."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | But the people who were in charge were still the people who were in
-# | charge, the people who you identified as the people you didn't want to
-# | see[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But the people who were in charge were still the people who were in "
-#| "charge, the people who you identified as the people you didn't want to "
-#| "see …"
msgid ""
"But the people who were in charge were still the people who were in charge, "
"the people who you identified as the people you didn't want to see…"
@@ -1080,28 +833,6 @@
"Ðне показалоÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
иÑ
оÑноÑиÑе к
пÑоÑвлениÑм кÑайноÑÑей капиÑализма."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Well I'm sorry, when I say extreme capitalism I'm talking about a
-# | philosophy, and that philosophy says “the market should control
-# | everything, everything should be for sale, and business should be allowed
-# | to dominate politics and get the laws it [-wants”,-]
-# | {+wants,”+} which is very different from mere capitalism, which says
-# | “within a society which we set up to protect peoples rights and so
-# | on, there are lots of things that people should be free to do, and make
-# | businesses to do them, as they [-wish”.-] {+wish.”+} That
-# | difference is why today's form of capitalism is running wild and why we
-# | see free exploitation treaties which basically undermine democracy and
-# | turn it in to a sham.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Well I'm sorry, when I say extreme capitalism I'm talking about a "
-#| "philosophy, and that philosophy says “the market should control "
-#| "everything, everything should be for sale, and business should be allowed "
-#| "to dominate politics and get the laws it wants”, which is very "
-#| "different from mere capitalism, which says “within a society which "
-#| "we set up to protect peoples rights and so on, there are lots of things "
-#| "that people should be free to do, and make businesses to do them, as they "
-#| "wish”. That difference is why today's form of capitalism is "
-#| "running wild and why we see free exploitation treaties which basically "
-#| "undermine democracy and turn it in to a sham."
msgid ""
"Well I'm sorry, when I say extreme capitalism I'm talking about a "
"philosophy, and that philosophy says “the market should control "
@@ -1157,21 +888,6 @@
"полиÑиков еÑÑÑ ÑÑдеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑговоÑка, ÑÑобÑ
не делаÑÑ ÑÑого."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Of course it was they who decided to adopt that treaty in the first place
-# | which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these treaties go
-# | beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law
-# | that said it wouldn't sell [-tuna — you-] {+tuna—you+} weren't
-# | allowed to sell tuna in the US if it had been caught in a way that
-# | endangered dolphins. Well that law had to be scrapped because of the
-# | World Trade Organization, that's just one example.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Of course it was they who decided to adopt that treaty in the first place "
-#| "which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these treaties go "
-#| "beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy. Now the US had a law "
-#| "that said it wouldn't sell tuna — you weren't allowed to sell tuna "
-#| "in the US if it had been caught in a way that endangered dolphins. Well "
-#| "that law had to be scrapped because of the World Trade Organization, "
-#| "that's just one example."
msgid ""
"Of course it was they who decided to adopt that treaty in the first place "
"which they shouldn't have done. But then a lot of these treaties go beyond "
@@ -1206,11 +922,6 @@
"еÑли ÑÑо-Ñо ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑаеÑ, Ñо Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
в
долгÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | Of course, we're in favor of Free Trade here, Richard, because we rely on
-# | it[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Of course, we're in favor of Free Trade here, Richard, because we rely on "
-#| "it …"
msgid ""
"Of course, we're in favor of Free Trade here, Richard, because we rely on "
"it…"
@@ -1449,8 +1160,6 @@
"нÑавилоÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | So if being read and appreciated is what authors want[- -]…
-#| msgid "So if being read and appreciated is what authors want …"
msgid "So if being read and appreciated is what authors want…"
msgstr "Так ÑÑо еÑли авÑоÑÑ Ñ
оÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ñаз Ñого,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑиÑали и Ñенили..."
@@ -1491,8 +1200,6 @@
msgstr "Ðа неÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑибаеÑеÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | If they cannot sell the book[- -]…
-#| msgid "If they cannot sell the book …"
msgid "If they cannot sell the book…"
msgstr "ÐÑли они не могÑÑ Ð¿ÑодаÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ..."
@@ -1550,34 +1257,6 @@
"Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñважением."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And remember the
-# | current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it works
-# | very well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get treated
-# | with great deference by the corporations, and the rest basically get
-# | ground into the dust. My [-proposals — I-] {+proposals—I+}
-# | have two, and another that combines [-them — one-]
-# | {+them—one+} proposal is support artists using taxes, it could
-# | either be a specific tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, it
-# | wouldn't be a tremendous amount of money by comparison with other
-# | government expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by
-# | measuring their popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion,
-# | 'cos if you did that a large portion of this money would go to making
-# | superstars richer and it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube
-# | root of the popularity.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And remember the "
-#| "current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it works "
-#| "very well. And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get treated "
-#| "with great deference by the corporations, and the rest basically get "
-#| "ground into the dust. My proposals — I have two, and another that "
-#| "combines them — one proposal is support artists using taxes, it "
-#| "could either be a specific tax on Internet connectivity or general funds, "
-#| "it wouldn't be a tremendous amount of money by comparison with other "
-#| "government expenditures, and then you divide this among artists by "
-#| "measuring their popularity, but you don't divide it in linear proportion, "
-#| "'cos if you did that a large portion of this money would go to making "
-#| "superstars richer and it's not needed, what I propose is take the cube "
-#| "root of the popularity."
msgid ""
"But I have other proposals for ways to support artists. And remember the "
"current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it works very "
@@ -1709,11 +1388,6 @@
"бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
мÑÑений, а Ñогда, Ñ
полагаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑали Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | What about getting rid of taxes entirely, and giving us all the power to
-# | direct[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "What about getting rid of taxes entirely, and giving us all the power to "
-#| "direct …"
msgid ""
"What about getting rid of taxes entirely, and giving us all the power to "
"direct…"
@@ -1902,32 +1576,6 @@
msgstr "ÐÑмаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо пÑиближаеÑеÑÑ Ðº
победе?"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | You know, gradually we are. But of course we still have a lot of
-# | opposition, we still have a lot to fight. You know, there's something
-# | else in the New Zealand Copyright Law that was adopted a year ago, which
-# | is unjust, and it prohibits in some cases the distribution of Free
-# | Software that can break digital handcuffs. More and more products are
-# | designed with digital handcuffs, that is features to stop the user from
-# | doing things. So nowadays when I hear about a new product or a new
-# | service my first thought is “what's malicious in [-that?”,
-# | “how-] {+that? How+} is it designed to restrict what you can
-# | do?”[-.-] And these products are very malicious, for instance there
-# | is the Amazon Kindle, it's an e-book reader, and they call it the Kindle
-# | to express what it's designed to do to our books [<a
-# | href=\"#f1\">1</a>].
-#| msgid ""
-#| "You know, gradually we are. But of course we still have a lot of "
-#| "opposition, we still have a lot to fight. You know, there's something "
-#| "else in the New Zealand Copyright Law that was adopted a year ago, which "
-#| "is unjust, and it prohibits in some cases the distribution of Free "
-#| "Software that can break digital handcuffs. More and more products are "
-#| "designed with digital handcuffs, that is features to stop the user from "
-#| "doing things. So nowadays when I hear about a new product or a new "
-#| "service my first thought is “what's malicious in that?”, "
-#| "“how is it designed to restrict what you can do?”. And these "
-#| "products are very malicious, for instance there is the Amazon Kindle, "
-#| "it's an e-book reader, and they call it the Kindle to express what it's "
-#| "designed to do to our books [<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>]."
msgid ""
"You know, gradually we are. But of course we still have a lot of "
"opposition, we still have a lot to fight. You know, there's something else "
@@ -2012,11 +1660,6 @@
msgstr "[36:13]"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | I buy books from bookstores, yes I go to a store and I say “I want
-# | that [-one”.-] {+one.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I buy books from bookstores, yes I go to a store and I say “I want "
-#| "that one”."
msgid ""
"I buy books from bookstores, yes I go to a store and I say “I want "
"that one.”"
@@ -2052,13 +1695,6 @@
"пÑавило, денÑги полÑÑаÑÑ. ÐÑли ÑÑо не
ÑÑебники."
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | As a matter of interest we've been talking about freedoms, surveillance
-# | and digital monitoring, does the extraordinary rise of social networking[-
-# | -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As a matter of interest we've been talking about freedoms, surveillance "
-#| "and digital monitoring, does the extraordinary rise of social networking "
-#| "…"
msgid ""
"As a matter of interest we've been talking about freedoms, surveillance and "
"digital monitoring, does the extraordinary rise of social networking…"
@@ -2132,21 +1768,6 @@
msgstr "[38:08]"
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is
-# | negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell publishers
-# | what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't tell the
-# | public. So the point is that the; many governments, including of course
-# | the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on us relating
-# | to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call sharing
-# | [-“counterfeiting”.-] {+“counterfeiting.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is "
-#| "negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell "
-#| "publishers what's in the text that they're working on, but they won't "
-#| "tell the public. So the point is that the; many governments, including "
-#| "of course the US are conspiring in secret to impose new restrictions on "
-#| "us relating to copyright and part of their latest propaganda is they call "
-#| "sharing “counterfeiting”."
msgid ""
"We didn't even mention ACTA, the secret treaty that New Zealand is "
"negotiating to restrict its citizens, and they won't; they tell publishers "
@@ -2244,11 +1865,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -2262,23 +1878,12 @@
"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Transcript Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham[-.-]
-#| msgid "Transcript Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham."
msgid "Transcript Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham (transcript)<br />"
-"Copyright © 2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+"Copyright © 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham (transcript)<br />Copyright © "
+"2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | This transcript is licensed under the <a {+rel=\"license\"+}
-# | href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/\";>Creative
-# | Commons [-Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives-]
-# | {+Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0+} New [-Zealand</a>
-# | license.-] {+Zealand License</a>.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This transcript is licensed under the <a href=\"http://creativecommons.";
-#| "org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#| "NonCommercial NoDerivatives New Zealand</a> license."
msgid ""
"This transcript is licensed under the <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
Index: philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru-en.html
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<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Speech in Sweden
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 30 October 1986</h2>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<p><em>(Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (Royal Institute of
-Technology))<br />
-Stockholm, Sweden</em></p>
-<p><em>
-Arranged by the student society<br />
-“Datorföreningen Stacken”<br />
-30 October 1986
-</em></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript of Richard Stallman's speech at the <i>Kungliga Tekniska
+Högskolan</i> (Royal Institute of Technology) in
+Stockholm, Sweden, arranged by the student society <i>Datorföreningen
+Stacken</i> on 30 October 1986.
+</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<p><strong>[Note: This is a slightly edited transcript of the talk.
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><i>Note: This is a slightly edited transcript of the talk.
As such it contains false starts, as well as locutions that are
natural in spoken English but look strange in print. It is not clear
-how to correct them to written English style without ‘doing
-violence to the original speech’.]</strong></p>
+how to correct them to written English style without doing
+violence to the original speech.</i></p>
+</div>
-<p>It seems that there are three things that people would like me to
+<p><b>Rms:</b> It seems that there are three things that people would like me
to
talk about. On the one hand I thought that the best thing to talk
about here for a club of hackers, was what it was like at the
<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
in the old days. What made the Artificial Intelligence Lab such a
special place. But people tell me also that since these are totally
different people from the ones who were at the conference Monday and
-Tuesday that I ought to talk about what's going on in the GNU project
+Tuesday that I ought to talk about what's going on in the GNU Project
and that I should talk about why software and information can not be
owned, which means three talks in all, and since two of those subjects
each took an hour it means we're in for a rather long time. So I had
@@ -38,11 +47,19 @@
could go outside for the parts they are not interested in, and that
then when I come to the end of a part I can say it's the end and
people can go out and I can send Jan Rynning out to bring in the other
-people. (Someone else says: “Janne, han trenger ingen
-mike” (translation: “Janne, he doesn't need a
-mike”)). Jan, are you prepared to go running out to fetch the
-other people? Jmr: I am looking for a microphone, and someone tells
-me it is inside this locked box. Rms: Now in the old days at the AI
+people.</p>
+
+<p><span>[Someone else says: “<i>Janne, han trenger ingen
+mike.</i>” (Translation: “Janne, he doesn't need a
+mike.”)]</span></p>
+
+<p>Jan, are you prepared to go running out to fetch the
+other people?</p>
+
+<p><b>Jmr:</b> I am looking for a microphone, and someone tells
+me it is inside this locked box.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rms:</b> Now in the old days at the AI
lab we would have taken a sledgehammer and cracked it open, and the
broken door would be a lesson to whoever had dared to lock up
something that people needed to use. Luckily however I used to study
@@ -50,8 +67,8 @@
microphone.</p>
<p>Anyway, should I set up this system to notify you about the parts
-of the talk, or do you just like to sit through all of it? (Answer:
-Yeaaah)</p>
+of the talk, or do you just like to sit through all of it? <span>[Answer:
+Yeaaah]</span></p>
<p>When I started programming, it was 1969, and I did it in an IBM
laboratory in New York. After that I went to a school with a computer
@@ -86,7 +103,7 @@
place to put the things they were worried about, a desk they could
lock, another little room. But the point is that people usually don't
bother to think about that. They have the idea: “This room is
-Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone else”, and that is
+Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone else,” and that is
exactly the spirit that we must teach them not to have.</p>
<p>But this spirit of unlocking doors wasn't an isolated thing, it was
@@ -179,7 +196,7 @@
were ten times as competent as any field service person, they could do
a much better job. And then they would have the ruined boards, they
would just leave them there and tell the field service person
-“take these back and bring us some new ones”.</p>
+“take these back and bring us some new ones.”</p>
<p>In the real old days our hackers used to modify the machines that
came from Digital also. For example, they built paging-boxes to put
@@ -254,8 +271,8 @@
the machine were just as numerous as before, so they were now the
dominant party, and they were very scared. Without hackers to
maintain the system, they said, “we're going to have a disaster,
-we must have commercial software”, and they said “we can
-expect the company to maintain it”. It proved that they were
+we must have commercial software,” and they said “we can
+expect the company to maintain it.” It proved that they were
utterly wrong, but that's what they did.</p>
<p>That was exactly when a new KL-10 system was supposed to arrive,
@@ -281,7 +298,7 @@
mail files aren't properly protected on your system?” “Of
course, no file is protected on our system. What's the problem? You
got your answer sooner; why are you unhappy? Of course we read each
-other's mail so we can find people like you and help them”.
+other's mail so we can find people like you and help them.”
Some people just don't know when they're well off.</p>
<p>But of course Twenex not only has security, and by default turns on
@@ -316,7 +333,7 @@
people's wheel bits and posted a system message. I have to explain
that the name of this machine was OZ, so I posted a system message
saying: “There was another attempt to seize power. So far the
-aristocratic forces have been defeated—Radio Free OZ”.
+aristocratic forces have been defeated—Radio Free OZ.”
Later I discovered that “Radio Free OZ” is one of the
things used by Firesign Theater. I didn't know that at the time.</p>
@@ -331,13 +348,13 @@
what it is. Because I don't believe that it's really desirable to
have security on a computer, I shouldn't be willing to help uphold the
security regime. On the systems that permit it I use the “empty
-password”, and on systems where that isn't allowed, or where
+password,” and on systems where that isn't allowed, or where
that means you can't log in at all from other places, things like
that, I use my login name as my password. It's about as obvious as
you can get. And when people point out that this way people might be
-able to log in as me, i say “yes that's the idea, somebody might
+able to log in as me, I say “yes that's the idea, somebody might
have a need to get some data from this machine. I want to make sure
-that they aren't screwed by security”.</p>
+that they aren't screwed by security.”</p>
<p>And an other thing that I always do is I always turn of all
protection on my directory and files, because from time to time I have
@@ -345,7 +362,7 @@
able to fix it.</p>
<p>But that machine wasn't designed also to support the phenomenon
-called “tourism”. Now “tourism” is a very old
+called “tourism.” Now “tourism” is a very old
tradition at the AI lab, that went along with our other forms of
anarchy, and that was that we'd let outsiders come and use the
machine. Now in the days where anybody could walk up to the machine
@@ -398,8 +415,8 @@
started flushing my account. And by that time I was mostly working on
other machines anyway, so eventually I gave up and stopped ever
turning it on again. And that was that. I haven't logged in on that
-machine as myself … [At this point RMS is interrupted by
-tremendous applause] … for.</p>
+machine as myself … <span>[At this point RMS is interrupted by
+tremendous applause.]</span> … for.</p>
<p>But when they first got this Twenex system they had several changes
in mind that they wanted to make. Changes in the way security worked.
@@ -474,24 +491,24 @@
that I could use the most amusing word in the English language as a
name for this system, it was clear which choice I had to make. And
that word is of course GNU, which stands for “Gnu's Not
-Unix”. The recursive acronym is a very old tradition among the
+Unix.” The recursive acronym is a very old tradition among the
hacker community around MIT. It started, I believe, with an editor
-called TINT, which means: “Tint Is Not Teco”, and later on
+called TINT, which means: “Tint Is Not Teco,” and later on
it went through names such as “SINE” for “SINE Is
-Not Emacs”, and FINE for “Fine Is Not Emacs”, and
-EINE for “Eine Is Not Emacs”, and ZWEI for “Zwei Was
-Eine Initially”, and ultimately now arrives at GNU.</p>
+Not Emacs,” and FINE for “Fine Is Not Emacs,” and
+EINE for “Eine Is Not Emacs,” and ZWEI for “Zwei Was
+Eine Initially,” and ultimately now arrives at GNU.</p>
<p>I would say that since the time about two and a half years ago when
I actually started working on GNU, I've done more than half of the
work. When I was getting ready to start working on the project, I
first started looking around for what I could find already available
free. I found out about an interesting portable compiler system which
-was called “the free university compiler kit”, and I
+was called “the free university compiler kit,” and I
thought, with a name like that, perhaps I could have it. So, I sent a
message to the person who had developed it asking if he would give it
-to the GNU project, and he said “No, the university might be
-free, but the software they develop isn't”, but he then said
+to the GNU Project, and he said “No, the university might be
+free, but the software they develop isn't,” but he then said
that he wanted to have a Unix compatible system too, and he wanted to
write a sort of kernel for it, so why didn't I then write the
utilities, and they could both be distributed with his proprietary
@@ -502,16 +519,16 @@
<p>I didn't really know much about optimizing compilers at the time,
because I'd never worked on one. But I got my hands on a compiler,
that I was told at the time was free. It was a compiler called PASTEL,
-which the authors say means “off-color PASCAL”.</p>
+which the authors say means “off-color PASCAL.”</p>
<p>Pastel was a very complicated language including features such as
parametrized types and explicit type parameters and many complicated
things. The compiler was of course written in this language, and had
many complicated features to optimize the use of these things. For
example: the type “string” in that language was a
-parameterized type; you could say “string(n)” if you
+parameterized type; you could say <code>string(n)</code> if you
wanted a string of a particular length; you could also just say
-“string”, and the parameter would be determined from the
+<code>string</code>, and the parameter would be determined from the
context. Now, strings are very important, and it is necessary for a
lot of constructs that use them to run fast, and this means that they
had to have a lot of features to detect such things as: when the
@@ -522,13 +539,13 @@
allocation, and some ideas about how to handle different sorts of
machines.</p>
-<p>Well, since this compiler already compiled PASTEL, what i needed to
+<p>Well, since this compiler already compiled PASTEL, what I needed to
do was add a front-end for C, which I did, and add a back-end for the
68000 which I expected to be my first target machine. But I ran into
a serious problem. Because the PASTEL language was defined not to
require you to declare something before you used it, the declarations
and uses could be in any order, in other words: Pascal's
-“forward” declaration was obsolete, because of this it was
+<code>forward</code> declaration was obsolete, because of this it was
necessary to read in an entire program, and keep it in core, and then
process it all at once. The result was that the intermediate storage
used in the compiler, the size of the memory needed, was proportional
@@ -542,7 +559,7 @@
see which temporary values conflicted, or was alive at the same time
as which others, it needed a quadratic matrix of bits, and that for
large functions that would get it to hundreds of thousands of bytes.
-So i managed to debug the first pass of the ten or so passes of the
+So I managed to debug the first pass of the ten or so passes of the
compiler, cross compiled on to that machine, and then found that the
second one could never run.</p>
@@ -671,14 +688,15 @@
or DOUBLE at this address” and then assign that. Another thing
you can do is to examine all the values that have been examined in the
past. Every value examined gets put on the “value
-history”. You can refer to any element in the history by its
+history.” You can refer to any element in the history by its
numerical position, or you can easily refer to the last element with
just dollar-sign. And this makes it much easier to trace list
structure. If you have any kind of C structure that contains a
-pointer to another one, you can do something like “PRINT
-*$.next”, which says: “Get the next field out of the last
+pointer to another one, you can do something like
+<code>PRINT *$.next</code>, which says: “Get
+the next field out of the last
thing you showed me, and then display the structure that points
-at”. And you can repeat that command, and each time you'll see
+at.” And you can repeat that command, and each time you'll see
then next structure in the list. Whereas in every other C debugger
that I've seen the only way to do that is to type a longer command
each time. And when this is combined with the feature that just
@@ -696,28 +714,28 @@
might also find use for them when you set conditional breakpoints.
Conditional breakpoints are a feature in many symbolic debuggers, you
say “stop when you get to this point in the program, but only if
-a certain expression is true”. The variables in the debugger
+a certain expression is true.” The variables in the debugger
allow you to compare a variable in the program with a previous value
of that variable that you saved in a debugger variable. Another thing
that they can be used for is for counting, because after all,
assignments are expressions in C, therefore you can do
-“$foo+=5” to increment the value of “$foo” by
-five, or just “$foo++” you can do. You can even do this
+<code>$foo+=5</code> to increment the value of <code>$foo</code> by
+five, or just <code>$foo++</code> you can do. You can even do this
in a conditional breakpoint, so that's a cheap way of having it break
the tenth time the breakpoint is hit, you can do
-“$foo--==0”. Does everyone follow that? Decrement foo
-and if it's zero now, break. And then you set $foo to the number of
+<code>$foo--==0</code>. Does everyone follow that? Decrement foo
+and if it's zero now, break. And then you set <code>$foo</code> to the number
of
times you want it to skip, and you let it go. You can also use that
to examine elements of an array. Suppose you have an array of
pointers, you can then do:</p>
-<pre>PRINT X[$foo++]</pre>
+<pre><code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code></pre>
<p>But first you do</p>
-<pre>SET $foo=0</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $foo=0</code></pre>
-<p>Okay, when you do that [points at the “Print”
+<p>Okay, when you do that [points at the <code>PRINT</code>
expression], you get the zeroth element of X, and then you do it again
and it gets the first element, and suppose these are pointers to
structures, then you probably put an asterisk there [before the X in
@@ -725,16 +743,16 @@
pointed to by the element of the array. And of course you can repeat
this command by typing carriage-return. If a single thing to repeat
is not enough, you can create a user-defined-command. You can say
-“Define Mumble”, and then you give some lines of commands
-and then you say “end”. And now there is defined a
-“Mumble” command which will execute those lines. And it's
+<code>Define Mumble</code>, and then you give some lines of commands
+and then you say <code>end</code>. And now there is defined a
+<code>Mumble</code> command which will execute those lines. And it's
very useful to put these definitions in a command file. You can have
a command file in each directory, that will be loaded automatically
when you start the debugger with that as your working directory. So
for each program you can define a set of user defined commands to
access the data structures of that program in a useful way. You can
even provide documentation for your user-defined commands, so that
-they get handled by the “help” features just like the
+they get handled by the <code>help</code> features just like the
built-in commands.</p>
<p>One other unusual thing in this debugger, is the ability to discard
@@ -748,12 +766,12 @@
change the flow of control. In this debugger you can change the flow
of control very directly by saying:</p>
-<pre>SET $PC=<some number></pre>
+<pre><code>SET $PC=<some number></code></pre>
<p>So you can set the program counter. You can also set the stack
pointer, or you can say</p>
-<pre>SET $SP+=<something></pre>
+<pre><code>SET $SP+=<something></code></pre>
<p>If you want to increment the stack pointer a certain amount. But
in addition you can also tell it to start at a particular line in the
@@ -762,8 +780,8 @@
didn't really want to call that function at all? Say, that function
is so screwed up that what you really want to do is get back out of it
and do by hand what that function should have done. For that you can
-use the “RETURN” command. You select a stack frame and you
-say “RETURN”, and it causes that stack-frame, and all the
+use the <code>RETURN</code> command. You select a stack frame and you
+say <code>RETURN</code>, and it causes that stack-frame, and all the
ones within it, to be discarded as if that function were returning
right now, and you can also specify the value it should return. This
does not continue execution; it pretends that return happened and then
@@ -810,7 +828,7 @@
instruction might be represented like this:</p>
<pre>
- r[3]=r[2]+4
+ <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>
</pre>
<p>This would be a representation inside their compiler for
@@ -825,7 +843,7 @@
<p>Sometimes depending on whether the result of the first instruction
had any further use, it might be necessary to make a combined
instruction with two assignment operators. One for this value
-[pointing at ???]and another one with this value [pointing at ???]
+[pointing at ???] and another one with this value [pointing at ???]
substituted in it with what came from the second instruction. But if
this value was only used that once, you could eliminate it after
substituting for it; there'd be no need to compute it any more. So
@@ -852,17 +870,17 @@
for all these expressions. Things like this:</p>
<pre>
- (set (reg 2)
- (+ (reg 2)
- (int 4)))
+ <code>(set (reg 2)</code>
+ <code>(+ (reg 2)</code>
+ <code>(int 4)))</code>
</pre>
<p>This looks like Lisp, but the semantics of these are not quite
LISP, because each symbol here is one recognized specially. There's a
particular fixed set of these symbols that is defined, all the ones
you need. And each one has a particular pattern of types of
-arguments, for example: “reg” always has an integer,
-because registers are numbered, but “+” takes two
+arguments, for example: <code>reg</code> always has an integer,
+because registers are numbered, but <code>+</code> takes two
subexpressions, and so on. And with each of these expressions is also
a data type which says essentially whether it's fixed or floating and
how many bytes long it is. It could be extended to handle other
@@ -909,7 +927,7 @@
into effectively a syntax tree annotated with C datatype information.
Then another pass which looks at that tree and generates code like
this [LISP like code]. Then several optimization passes. One to
-handle things like jumps across jumps, jumps to jumps, jumps to .+1,
+handle things like jumps across jumps, jumps to jumps, jumps to
<code>.+1</code>,
all of which can be immediately simplified. Then a common
subexpression recognizer, then finding basic blocks, and performing
dataflow-analysis, so that it can tell for each instruction which
@@ -961,7 +979,7 @@
so it may free up too many things and thus not use all the registers
that it could.</p>
-<p>(Question: Do you have a code generator for 32000?) Not yet, but
+<p><span>[Question: Do you have a code generator for 32000?]</span> Not yet,
but
again, it's not a code generator it's just a machine description that
you need. A list of all the machine instructions described in this
[LISP like] form. So in fact aside from the work of implementing the
@@ -983,7 +1001,7 @@
just take a few months, and then I will release the compiler.</p>
<p>The other sizable part of the system that exist, is the kernel.
-(Question: A pause?) Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about breaks.
+<span>[Question: A pause?]</span> Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about
breaks.
Why don't I finish talking about the kernel, which should only take
about five minutes, and then we can take a break.</p>
@@ -1018,7 +1036,7 @@
undeletion, information on when and how and where the file was backed
up on tape, atomic superseding of files. I believe that it is good
that in Unix when a file is being written, you can already look at
-what's going there, so for example, you can use “tail” to
+what's going there, so for example, you can use <code>tail</code> to
see how far the thing got, that's very nice. And if the program dies,
having partly written the file, you can see what it produced. These
things are all good, but, that partly written output should not ever
@@ -1038,15 +1056,15 @@
specify the name in the ordinary way. But if you wish to specify a
name exactly, either because you want to state explicitly what version
to use, or because you don't want versions at all, you put a point at
-the end of it. Thus if you give the filename “FOO” it
+the end of it. Thus if you give the filename <code>FOO</code> it
means “Search the versions that exists for FOO and take the
-latest one”. But if you say “FOO.” it means
-“use exactly the name FOO and none other”. If you say
-“FOO.3.” it says “use exactly the name FOO.3 ”
+latest one.” But if you say <code>FOO.</code> it means
+“use exactly the name FOO and none other.” If you say
+<code>FOO.3.</code> it says “use exactly the name FOO.3”
which of course is version three of FOO and none other. On output, if
-you just say “FOO”, it will eventually create a new
-version of “FOO”, but if you say “FOO.” it
-will write a file named exactly “FOO”.</p>
+you just say <code>FOO</code>, it will eventually create a new
+version of FOO, but if you say <code>FOO.</code> it
+will write a file named exactly FOO.</p>
<p>Now there's some challenges involved in working out all the details
in this, and seeing whether there are any lingering problems, whether
@@ -1062,35 +1080,35 @@
because the system crashes or anything like that, it should be under a
different name.</p>
-<p>And this idea can be connected up to “star matching”,
+<p>And this idea can be connected up to “star matching,”
by saying that a name that doesn't end in a point is matched against
all the names without their version numbers, so if a certain directory
has files like this:</p>
<pre>
- foo.1 foo.2 bar.8
+ <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>
</pre>
-<p>If I say “*”, that's equivalent to</p>
+<p>If I say <code>*</code>, that's equivalent to</p>
<pre>
- foo bar
+ <code>foo bar</code>
</pre>
<p>because it takes all the names and gets rid of their versions, and
-takes all the distinct ones. But if I say “*.” then it
+takes all the distinct ones. But if I say <code>*.</code> then it
takes all the exact names, puts a point after each one, and matches
against them. So this gives me all the names for all the individual
versions that exist. And similar, you can see the difference between
-“*.c” and “*.c.” this [the first] would give
-you essentially versionless references to all the “.c”
+<code>*.c</code> and <code>*.c.</code> this [the first] would give
+you essentially versionless references to all the <code>.c</code>
files, whereas this [the second] will give you all the versions
… well this actually wouldn't, you'd have to say
-“*.c.*.”. I haven't worked out the details here.</p>
+<code>*.c.*.</code>; I haven't worked out the details here.</p>
<p>Another thing, that isn't a user visible feature and is certainly
compatible to put in, is failsafeness in the file system. Namely, by
writing all the information on disk in the proper order, arranging
-that you can press “halt” at any time without ever
+that you can press “<kbd>halt</kbd>” at any time without ever
corrupting thereby the file system on disk. It is so well known how
to do this, I can't imagine why anyone would neglect it. Another idea
is further redundant information. I'm not sure whether I'll do this
@@ -1196,7 +1214,7 @@
something that we hoped was useful and were happy if people could use
it. So when I developed the first EMACS, and people wanted to start
use it outside of MIT, I said that it belongs to the EMACS
-“Commune”, that in order to use EMACS you had to be a
+“Commune,” that in order to use EMACS you had to be a
member of the commune, and that meant that you had the responsibility
to contribute all the improvements that you made. All the
improvements to the original EMACS had to be sent back to me so that I
@@ -1259,11 +1277,11 @@
nondisclosure agreement he has essentially sold out his fellow users.
Instead of following the golden rule and saying, “I like this
program, my neighbor would like the program, I want us both to have
-it”, instead he said, “Yeah, give it to me. To hell with
+it,” instead he said, “Yeah, give it to me. To hell with
my neighbor! I'll help you keep it away from my neighbor, just give
-it to me!”, and that spirit is what does the spiritual harm.
+it to me!” and that spirit is what does the spiritual harm.
That attitude of saying, “To hell with my neighbors, give ME a
-copy”.</p>
+copy.”</p>
<p>After I ran into people saying they wouldn't let me have copies of
something, because they had signed some secrecy agreement, then when
@@ -1304,12 +1322,12 @@
graphic printer, one of the first laser printers, but then the
software was supplied by Xerox, and we couldn't change it. They
wouldn't put in these features, and we couldn't, so we had to make do
-with things that “half worked”. And it was very
+with things that “half worked.” And it was very
frustrating to know that we were ready, willing and able to fix it,
but weren't permitted. We were sabotaged.</p>
<p>And then there are all the people who use computers and say that
-the computers are a mystery to them, they don't know they work. Well
+the computers are a mystery to them, they don't know [how] they work. Well
how can they possibly know? They can't read the programs they're
using. The only way people learn how programs should be written, or
how programs do what they do, is by reading the source code.</p>
@@ -1329,7 +1347,7 @@
becomes in a certain way demoralized: “It's no use trying to
change those things, they're always going to be bad. No point even
hassling it. I'll just put in my time and … when it's over
-I'll go away and try not to think about it any more”. That kind
+I'll go away and try not to think about it any more.” That kind
of spirit, that unenthusiasm is what results from not being permitted
to make things better when you have feelings of public spirit.</p>
@@ -1406,7 +1424,7 @@
put forward two lines of argument for this. The first one is “I
wrote it, it is a child of my spirit, my heart, my soul is in this.
How can anyone take it away from me? Wherever it goes it's mine,
-mine, MINE!!”. Well, it's sort of strange that most of them
+mine, MINE!!” Well, it's sort of strange that most of them
signs agreements saying it belongs to the company they work for.</p>
<p>So I believe this is one of the things you can easily talk yourself
@@ -1415,12 +1433,12 @@
<p>Usually, these people use this argument to demand the right to
control even how people can change a program. They say: “Nobody
-should be able to mess up my work of art”. Well, imagine that
+should be able to mess up my work of art.” Well, imagine that
the person who invented a dish that you plan to cook had the right to
control how you can cook it, because it's his work of art. You want
to leave out the salt, but he says “Oh, no. I designed this
dish, and it has to have this much salt!” “But my doctor
-says it's not safe for me to eat salt. What can I do?”.</p>
+says it's not safe for me to eat salt. What can I do?”</p>
<p>Clearly, the person who is using the program is much closer to the
event. The use of the program affects him very directly, whereas it
@@ -1439,11 +1457,11 @@
current system, you need to get rich by programming” on the
other hand. There's a big difference between just making a living
wage and making the kind of money programmers, at least in the US make
-nowadays. They always say: “How will I eat?”, but the
-problem is not really how “Will he eat?”, but “How
-will he eat sushi?”. “How will I have a roof over my
-head?”, but the real problem is “How can he afford a
-condo?”.</p>
+nowadays. They always say: “How will I eat?” but the
+problem is not really how “Will he eat?” but “How
+will he eat sushi?” “How will I have a roof over my
+head?” but the real problem is “How can he afford a
+condo?”</p>
<p>The current system were chosen by the people who invest in software
development, because it gives them the possibility of making the most
@@ -1490,7 +1508,7 @@
lots of them trying to do that. And then, somehow when it gets
generally possible to get very well paid to do something, all those
people disappear, and people start saying “nobody will do it
-unless they get paid that well”.</p>
+unless they get paid that well.”</p>
<p>And I saw this happen in the field of programming. The very same
people who used to work at the AI lab and get payed very little and
@@ -1532,21 +1550,21 @@
have been burning down lately. You wouldn't want your place to burn
down, would you? Well we can protect you from fires, you just have to
pay us a thousand dollars a month, and we'll make sure you don't have
-a fire here”. And this was called “the protection
-racket”. Now we have something where a person says “You
+a fire here.” And this was called “the protection
+racket.” Now we have something where a person says “You
got a nice computer there, and you've got some programs there that
you're using. Well, if you don't want those programs to disappear, if
you don't want the police to come after you, you better pay me a
thousand dollars, and I'll give you a copy of this program with a
-license”, and this is called “the software protection
-racket”.</p>
+license,” and this is called “the software protection
+racket.”</p>
<p>Really all they're doing is interfering with everybody else doing
what needs to be done, but they're pretending as much to them selves
as to the rest of us, that they are providing a useful function.
Well, what I hope is that when that software Mafia guy comes up and
says, “You want those programs to disappear on your
-computer?”, the user can say “I'm not afraid of you any
+computer?” the user can say “I'm not afraid of you any
more. I have this free GNU software, and there's nothing you can do
to me now.”</p>
@@ -1586,11 +1604,11 @@
<p><strong>[After this RMS answered questions for about an hour. I
have only included a very few of the questions and answers in this
version. The tape was bad, and I didn't have the time to do a proper
-job on all of it]
+job on all of it.]
</strong></p>
<dl>
-<dt><b>Q</b>: Has anyone tried to make problems for you?</dt>
+<dt><b>Q:</b> Has anyone tried to make problems for you?</dt>
<dd><p><b>A:</b> The only time anyone has tried to make a problem for me
was those owners, so called, self-styled owners of Gosling Emacs.
@@ -1601,8 +1619,8 @@
current in the field was chosen by the self-styled software owners to
try to encourage you to try to make you see software as similar to
material objects that are property, and overlook the differences. The
-most flagrant example of this is the term “pirate”.
-Please refuse to use to use the term “pirate” to describe
+most flagrant example of this is the term “pirate.”
+Please refuse to use the term “pirate” to describe
somebody who wishes to share software with his neighbor like a good
citizen.</p>
@@ -1629,7 +1647,7 @@
Now the reverse change is happening. Individual copying of
information is becoming better and better, and we can see that the
ultimate progress of technology is to make it possible to copy any
-kind of information. [break due to turning of tape]</p>
+kind of information. <span>[break due to turning of tape]</span></p>
<p>Thus we are back in the same situation as in the ancient world
where copyright did not make sense.</p>
@@ -1652,20 +1670,20 @@
and copy it. And if you took away the chair, it wouldn't be producing
anything, so there's no excuse. I somebody says: “I did the work
to make this one chair, and only one person can have this chair, it
-might as well be me”, we might as well say: “Yeah, that makes
-sense”. When a person says: “I carved the bits on this
+might as well be me,” we might as well say: “Yeah, that makes
+sense.” When a person says: “I carved the bits on this
disk, only one person can have this disk, so don't you dare take it
-away from me”, well that also make sense. If only one person is
+away from me,” well that also make sense. If only one person is
going to have the disk, it might as well be the guy who owns that
disk.</p>
<p>But when somebody else comes up and says: “I'm not going to
hurt your disk, I'm just gonna magically make another one just like it
and then I'll take it away and then you can go on using this disk just
-the same as before”, well, it's the same as if somebody said:
+the same as before,” well, it's the same as if somebody said:
“I've got a magic chair copier. You can keep on enjoying your
chair, sitting in it, having it always there when you want it, but
-I'll have a chair too”. That's good.</p>
+I'll have a chair too.” That's good.</p>
<p>If people don't have to build, they can just snap their fingers and
duplicate them, that's wonderful. But this change in technology
@@ -1689,12 +1707,12 @@
don't want the public to get that benefit.</p>
<p>Essentially they are trying to preserve the “material object
-age”, but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and
+age,” but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and
wrong in sync with the actual facts of the world we live in.</p>
</dd>
-<dt><b>Q</b>: So it boils down to ownership of information. Do you
-think there are any instances where, your opinion, it's right to own
+<dt><b>Q:</b> So it boils down to ownership of information. Do you
+think there are any instances where, [in] your opinion, it's right to own
information?</dt>
<dd><p><b>A:</b> With information that's not generally useful, or is of a
@@ -1710,10 +1728,11 @@
who have it, always we should encourage the copying.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1731,13 +1750,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1759,7 +1778,7 @@
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>
-Copyright © 1987, 2009, 2010, 2020 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth
+Copyright © 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth
</p>
<p>
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
@@ -1770,10 +1789,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 17:03:01 $
+$Date: 2021/09/16 08:02:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000 1.23
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-kth.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000 1.24
@@ -15,22 +15,17 @@
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit\n"
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-# | [-Speech in Sweden-]{+RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986+} - GNU Project -
-# | Free Software Foundation
-#| msgid "Speech in Sweden - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgid ""
"RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
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msgid "RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986"
msgstr "ÐекÑÐ¸Ñ RMS в ÐТР(ШвеÑиÑ), 1986 год"
@@ -41,87 +36,28 @@
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-# | {+<b>Rms:</b>+} It seems that there are three things that people would
-# | like me to talk about. On the one hand I thought that the best thing to
-# | talk about here for a club of hackers, was what it was like at the <abbr
-# | title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the old
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-# | But people tell me also that since these are totally different people from
-# | the ones who were at the conference Monday and Tuesday that I ought to
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-# | means we're in for a rather long time. So I had the idea that perhaps I
-# | could split it in to three parts, and people could go outside for the
-# | parts they are not interested in, and that then when I come to the end of
-# | a part I can say it's the end and people can go out and I can send Jan
-# | Rynning out to bring in the other people. [-(Someone else says:
-# | “Janne, han trenger ingen mike” (translation: “Janne, he
-# | doesn't need a mike”)). Jan, are you prepared to go running out to
-# | fetch the other people? Jmr: I am looking for a microphone, and someone
-# | tells me it is inside this locked box. Rms: Now in the old days at the AI
-# | lab we would have taken a sledgehammer and cracked it open, and the broken
-# | door would be a lesson to whoever had dared to lock up something that
-# | people needed to use. Luckily however I used to study Bulgarian singing,
-# | so I have no trouble managing without a microphone.-]
-#| msgid ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
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@@ -242,41 +172,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | In the years that followed I was inspired by that ideas, and many times I
-# | would climb over ceilings or underneath floors to unlock rooms that had
-# | machines in them that people needed to use, and I would usually leave
-# | behind a note explaining to the people that they shouldn't be so selfish
-# | as to lock the door. The people who locked the door were basically
-# | considering only themselves. They had a reason of course, there was
-# | something they thought might get stolen and they wanted to lock it up, but
-# | they didn't care about the other people they were affecting by locking up
-# | other things in the same room. Almost every time this happened, once I
-# | brought it to their attention, that it was not up to them alone whether
-# | that room should be locked, they were able to find a compromise solution:
-# | some other place to put the things they were worried about, a desk they
-# | could lock, another little room. But the point is that people usually
-# | don't bother to think about that. They have the idea: “This room is
-# | Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone [-else”,-]
-# | {+else,”+} and that is exactly the spirit that we must teach them
-# | not to have.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the years that followed I was inspired by that ideas, and many times I "
-#| "would climb over ceilings or underneath floors to unlock rooms that had "
-#| "machines in them that people needed to use, and I would usually leave "
-#| "behind a note explaining to the people that they shouldn't be so selfish "
-#| "as to lock the door. The people who locked the door were basically "
-#| "considering only themselves. They had a reason of course, there was "
-#| "something they thought might get stolen and they wanted to lock it up, "
-#| "but they didn't care about the other people they were affecting by "
-#| "locking up other things in the same room. Almost every time this "
-#| "happened, once I brought it to their attention, that it was not up to "
-#| "them alone whether that room should be locked, they were able to find a "
-#| "compromise solution: some other place to put the things they were worried "
-#| "about, a desk they could lock, another little room. But the point is "
-#| "that people usually don't bother to think about that. They have the "
-#| "idea: “This room is Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone "
-#| "else”, and that is exactly the spirit that we must teach them not "
-#| "to have."
msgid ""
"In the years that followed I was inspired by that ideas, and many times I "
"would climb over ceilings or underneath floors to unlock rooms that had "
@@ -468,42 +363,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | But one of the problems I had to face was the problem of <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary
-# | software</a>. For example one thing that happened at the lab, after the
-# | hackers left, was that the machines and the software that we had developed
-# | could no longer be maintained. The software of course worked, and it
-# | continued to work if nobody changed it, but the machines did not. The
-# | machines would break and there would be no-one who could fix them and
-# | eventually they would be thrown out. In the old days, yes we had service
-# | contracts for the machines, but it was essentially a joke. That was a way
-# | of getting parts after the expert hackers from the AI lab fixed the
-# | problem. Because if you let the field-service person fix it it would take
-# | them days, and you didn't want to do that, you wanted it to work. So, the
-# | people who knew how to do those things would just go and fix it quickly,
-# | and since they were ten times as competent as any field service person,
-# | they could do a much better job. And then they would have the ruined
-# | boards, they would just leave them there and tell the field service person
-# | “take these back and bring us some new [-ones”.-]
-# | {+ones.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But one of the problems I had to face was the problem of <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary software</"
-#| "a>. For example one thing that happened at the lab, after the hackers "
-#| "left, was that the machines and the software that we had developed could "
-#| "no longer be maintained. The software of course worked, and it continued "
-#| "to work if nobody changed it, but the machines did not. The machines "
-#| "would break and there would be no-one who could fix them and eventually "
-#| "they would be thrown out. In the old days, yes we had service contracts "
-#| "for the machines, but it was essentially a joke. That was a way of "
-#| "getting parts after the expert hackers from the AI lab fixed the "
-#| "problem. Because if you let the field-service person fix it it would "
-#| "take them days, and you didn't want to do that, you wanted it to work. "
-#| "So, the people who knew how to do those things would just go and fix it "
-#| "quickly, and since they were ten times as competent as any field service "
-#| "person, they could do a much better job. And then they would have the "
-#| "ruined boards, they would just leave them there and tell the field "
-#| "service person “take these back and bring us some new ones”."
msgid ""
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@@ -688,23 +547,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | But when the hackers all left the lab this caused a demographic change,
-# | because the professors and the students who didn't really love the machine
-# | were just as numerous as before, so they were now the dominant party, and
-# | they were very scared. Without hackers to maintain the system, they said,
-# | “we're going to have a disaster, we must have commercial
-# | [-software”,-] {+software,”+} and they said “we can
-# | expect the company to maintain [-it”.-] {+it.”+} It proved
-# | that they were utterly wrong, but that's what they did.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But when the hackers all left the lab this caused a demographic change, "
-#| "because the professors and the students who didn't really love the "
-#| "machine were just as numerous as before, so they were now the dominant "
-#| "party, and they were very scared. Without hackers to maintain the "
-#| "system, they said, “we're going to have a disaster, we must have "
-#| "commercial software”, and they said “we can expect the "
-#| "company to maintain it”. It proved that they were utterly wrong, "
-#| "but that's what they did."
msgid ""
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@@ -745,41 +587,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | One thing was that that software was much more poorly written, and harder
-# | to understand; therefore making it harder for people to make the changes
-# | that were in fact needed. Another was, that that software came with
-# | security, which had the inevitable effect of causing people to cooperate
-# | with each other less. In the old days on ITS it was considered desirable
-# | that everyone could look at any file, change any file, because we had
-# | reasons to. I remember one interesting scandal where somebody sent a
-# | request for help in using Macsyma. Macsyma is a symbolic algebra program
-# | that was developed at MIT. He sent to one of the people working on it a
-# | request for some help, and he got an answer a few hours later from
-# | somebody else. He was horrified, he sent a message “so-and-so must
-# | be reading your mail, can it be that mail files aren't properly protected
-# | on your system?” “Of course, no file is protected on our
-# | system. What's the problem? You got your answer sooner; why are you
-# | unhappy? Of course we read each other's mail so we can find people like
-# | you and help [-them”.-] {+them.”+} Some people just don't know
-# | when they're well off.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One thing was that that software was much more poorly written, and harder "
-#| "to understand; therefore making it harder for people to make the changes "
-#| "that were in fact needed. Another was, that that software came with "
-#| "security, which had the inevitable effect of causing people to cooperate "
-#| "with each other less. In the old days on ITS it was considered desirable "
-#| "that everyone could look at any file, change any file, because we had "
-#| "reasons to. I remember one interesting scandal where somebody sent a "
-#| "request for help in using Macsyma. Macsyma is a symbolic algebra program "
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-#| "request for some help, and he got an answer a few hours later from "
-#| "somebody else. He was horrified, he sent a message “so-and-so must "
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msgid ""
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@@ -859,37 +666,6 @@
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-# | When I found out about those, I overthrew them. The first time, I
-# | happened to know the password of one of the people who was included among
-# | the elite, so I was able to use that to turn everyone back on. The second
-# | time he had changed his password, he had now changed his sympathies, he
-# | was now part of the aristocratic party. So, I had to bring the machine
-# | down and use non-timeshared DDT to poke around. I poked around in the
-# | monitor for a while, and eventually figured out how to get it to load
-# | itself in and let me patch it, so that I could turn off password checking
-# | and then I turned back on a whole bunch of people's wheel bits and posted
-# | a system message. I have to explain that the name of this machine was OZ,
-# | so I posted a system message saying: “There was another attempt to
-# | seize power. So far the aristocratic forces have been
-# | defeated—Radio Free [-OZ”.-] {+OZ.”+} Later I discovered
-# | that “Radio Free OZ” is one of the things used by Firesign
-# | Theater. I didn't know that at the time.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When I found out about those, I overthrew them. The first time, I "
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-#| "second time he had changed his password, he had now changed his "
-#| "sympathies, he was now part of the aristocratic party. So, I had to "
-#| "bring the machine down and use non-timeshared DDT to poke around. I "
-#| "poked around in the monitor for a while, and eventually figured out how "
-#| "to get it to load itself in and let me patch it, so that I could turn off "
-#| "password checking and then I turned back on a whole bunch of people's "
-#| "wheel bits and posted a system message. I have to explain that the name "
-#| "of this machine was OZ, so I posted a system message saying: “There "
-#| "was another attempt to seize power. So far the aristocratic forces have "
-#| "been defeated—Radio Free OZ”. Later I discovered that “"
-#| "Radio Free OZ” is one of the things used by Firesign Theater. I "
-#| "didn't know that at the time."
msgid ""
"When I found out about those, I overthrew them. The first time, I happened "
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@@ -923,42 +699,6 @@
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-# | But gradually things got worse and worse, it's just the nature of the way
-# | the system had been constructed forced people to demand more and more
-# | security. Until eventually I was forced to stop using the machine,
-# | because I refused to have a password that was secret. Ever since
-# | passwords first appeared at the MIT-AI lab I had come to the conclusion
-# | that to stand up for my belief, to follow my belief that there should be
-# | no passwords, I should always make sure to have a password that is as
-# | obvious as possible and I should tell everyone what it is. Because I
-# | don't believe that it's really desirable to have security on a computer, I
-# | shouldn't be willing to help uphold the security regime. On the systems
-# | that permit it I use the “empty [-password”,-]
-# | {+password,”+} and on systems where that isn't allowed, or where
-# | that means you can't log in at all from other places, things like that, I
-# | use my login name as my password. It's about as obvious as you can get.
-# | And when people point out that this way people might be able to log in as
-# | me, [-i-] {+I+} say “yes that's the idea, somebody might have a need
-# | to get some data from this machine. I want to make sure that they aren't
-# | screwed by [-security”.-] {+security.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But gradually things got worse and worse, it's just the nature of the way "
-#| "the system had been constructed forced people to demand more and more "
-#| "security. Until eventually I was forced to stop using the machine, "
-#| "because I refused to have a password that was secret. Ever since "
-#| "passwords first appeared at the MIT-AI lab I had come to the conclusion "
-#| "that to stand up for my belief, to follow my belief that there should be "
-#| "no passwords, I should always make sure to have a password that is as "
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-#| "don't believe that it's really desirable to have security on a computer, "
-#| "I shouldn't be willing to help uphold the security regime. On the "
-#| "systems that permit it I use the “empty password”, and on "
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-# | But that machine wasn't designed also to support the phenomenon called
-# | [-“tourism”.-] {+“tourism.”+} Now
-# | “tourism” is a very old tradition at the AI lab, that went
-# | along with our other forms of anarchy, and that was that we'd let
-# | outsiders come and use the machine. Now in the days where anybody could
-# | walk up to the machine and log in as anything he pleased this was
-# | automatic: if you came and visited, you could log in and you could work.
-# | Later on we formalized this a little bit, as an accepted tradition
-# | specially when the Arpanet began and people started connecting to our
-# | machines from all over the country. Now what we'd hope for was that these
-# | people would actually learn to program and they would start changing the
-# | operating system. If you say this to the system manager anywhere else
-# | he'd be horrified. If you'd suggest that any outsider might use the
-# | machine, he'll say “But what if he starts changing our system
-# | programs?” But for us, when an outsider started to change the system
-# | programs, that meant he was showing a real interest in becoming a
-# | contributing member of the community. We would always encourage them to
-# | do this. Starting, of course, by writing new system utilities, small
-# | ones, and we would look over what they had done and correct it, but then
-# | they would move on to adding features to existing, large utilities. And
-# | these are programs that have existed for ten years or perhaps fifteen
-# | years, growing piece by piece as one craftsman after an other added new
-# | features.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But that machine wasn't designed also to support the phenomenon called "
-#| "“tourism”. Now “tourism” is a very old tradition "
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-#| "was that we'd let outsiders come and use the machine. Now in the days "
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-#| "pleased this was automatic: if you came and visited, you could log in and "
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-# | But the Twenex system wasn't designed for this sort of thing, and
-# | eventually they wouldn't tolerate me with my password that everybody knew,
-# | tourists always logging in as me two or three at a time, so they started
-# | flushing my account. And by that time I was mostly working on other
-# | machines anyway, so eventually I gave up and stopped ever turning it on
-# | again. And that was that. I haven't logged in on that machine as myself
-# | … [-[At-] {+<span>[At+} this point RMS is interrupted by tremendous
-# | [-applause]-] {+applause.]</span>+} … for.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But the Twenex system wasn't designed for this sort of thing, and "
-#| "eventually they wouldn't tolerate me with my password that everybody "
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-#| "started flushing my account. And by that time I was mostly working on "
-#| "other machines anyway, so eventually I gave up and stopped ever turning "
-#| "it on again. And that was that. I haven't logged in on that machine as "
-#| "myself … [At this point RMS is interrupted by tremendous applause] "
-#| "… for."
msgid ""
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-# | So the result is then that you need something running underneath the LISP
-# | system to you catch these errors, and give the user the ability to keep on
-# | running, and debug what happened to him. Finally I concluded that if I
-# | was going to have to have a operating system at a lower level, I might as
-# | well make a good operating-system—that it was a choice between an
-# | operating system and the lisp, or just an operating system; therefore I
-# | should do the operating system first, and I should make it compatible with
-# | Unix. Finally when I realized that I could use the most amusing word in
-# | the English language as a name for this system, it was clear which choice
-# | I had to make. And that word is of course GNU, which stands for
-# | “Gnu's Not [-Unix”.-] {+Unix.”+} The recursive acronym
-# | is a very old tradition among the hacker community around MIT. It
-# | started, I believe, with an editor called TINT, which means: “Tint
-# | Is Not [-Teco”,-] {+Teco,”+} and later on it went through
-# | names such as “SINE” for “SINE Is Not [-Emacs”,-]
-# | {+Emacs,”+} and FINE for “Fine Is Not [-Emacs”,-]
-# | {+Emacs,”+} and EINE for “Eine Is Not [-Emacs”,-]
-# | {+Emacs,”+} and ZWEI for “Zwei Was Eine [-Initially”,-]
-# | {+Initially,”+} and ultimately now arrives at GNU.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So the result is then that you need something running underneath the LISP "
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-#| "I was going to have to have a operating system at a lower level, I might "
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msgid ""
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@@ -1406,37 +1046,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | I would say that since the time about two and a half years ago when I
-# | actually started working on GNU, I've done more than half of the work.
-# | When I was getting ready to start working on the project, I first started
-# | looking around for what I could find already available free. I found out
-# | about an interesting portable compiler system which was called “the
-# | free university compiler [-kit”,-] {+kit,”+} and I thought,
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-# | the software they develop [-isn't”,-] {+isn't,”+} but he then
-# | said that he wanted to have a Unix compatible system too, and he wanted to
-# | write a sort of kernel for it, so why didn't I then write the utilities,
-# | and they could both be distributed with his proprietary compiler, to
-# | encourage people to buy that compiler. And I thought that this was
-# | despicable and so I told him that my first project would be a compiler.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I would say that since the time about two and a half years ago when I "
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-#| "about an interesting portable compiler system which was called “the "
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msgid ""
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@@ -1472,15 +1081,6 @@
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-# | I didn't really know much about optimizing compilers at the time, because
-# | I'd never worked on one. But I got my hands on a compiler, that I was
-# | told at the time was free. It was a compiler called PASTEL, which the
-# | authors say means “off-color [-PASCAL”.-] {+PASCAL.”+}
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-#| "I didn't really know much about optimizing compilers at the time, because "
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msgid ""
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-# | Pastel was a very complicated language including features such as
-# | parametrized types and explicit type parameters and many complicated
-# | things. The compiler was of course written in this language, and had many
-# | complicated features to optimize the use of these things. For example:
-# | the type “string” in that language was a parameterized type;
-# | you could say [-“string(n)”-] {+<code>string(n)</code>+} if
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-# | ideas about how to handle different sorts of machines.
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-# | Well, since this compiler already compiled PASTEL, what [-i-] {+I+} needed
-# | to do was add a front-end for C, which I did, and add a back-end for the
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-# | you to declare something before you used it, the declarations and uses
-# | could be in any order, in other words: Pascal's [-“forward”-]
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-# | necessary to read in an entire program, and keep it in core, and then
-# | process it all at once. The result was that the intermediate storage used
-# | in the compiler, the size of the memory needed, was proportional to the
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-# | was a horrible version of Unix that gave you a limit of something like 16K
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@@ -1903,49 +1425,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | You can also do some things that are not usual in symbolic C debuggers,
-# | for example: You can refer to any C datatype at any memory address, either
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-# | numerical position, or you can easily refer to the last element with just
-# | dollar-sign. And this makes it much easier to trace list structure. If
-# | you have any kind of C structure that contains a pointer to another one,
-# | you can do something like [-“PRINT *$.next”,-]
-# | {+<code>PRINT *$.next</code>,+} which says: “Get the next field
-# | out of the last thing you showed me, and then display the structure that
-# | points [-at”.-] {+at.”+} And you can repeat that command, and
-# | each time you'll see then next structure in the list. Whereas in every
-# | other C debugger that I've seen the only way to do that is to type a
-# | longer command each time. And when this is combined with the feature that
-# | just typing carriage-return repeats the last command you issued, it
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-#| "You can also do some things that are not usual in symbolic C debuggers, "
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | There are also explicitly settable variables in the debugger, any number
-# | of them. You say dollar-sign followed by a name, and that is a variable.
-# | You can assign these variables values of any C datatype and then you can
-# | examine them later. Among the things that these are useful for are: If
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-# | breakpoint is hit, you can do [-“$foo--==0”.-]
-# | {+<code>$foo--==0</code>.+} Does everyone follow that? Decrement foo and
-# | if it's zero now, break. And then you set [-$foo-] {+<code>$foo</code>+}
-# | to the number of times you want it to skip, and you let it go. You can
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-#| msgid ""
-#| "There are also explicitly settable variables in the debugger, any number "
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-# | [-PRINT X[$foo++]-]{+<code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code>+}
#, no-wrap
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msgid "<code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code>"
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-# | [-SET $foo=0-]{+<code>SET $foo=0</code>+}
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-# | Okay, when you do that [points at the [-“Print”-]
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# type: Content of: <pre>
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-# | [-SET-]{+<code>SET+} $PC=<some [-number>-] {+number></code>+}
#, no-wrap
-#| msgid "SET $PC=<some number>"
msgid "<code>SET $PC=<some number></code>"
msgstr "<code>SET $PC=<некоÑоÑое ÑиÑло></code>"
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# type: Content of: <pre>
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-# | [-SET $SP+=<something>-]{+<code>SET $SP+=<something></code>+}
#, no-wrap
-#| msgid "SET $SP+=<something>"
msgid "<code>SET $SP+=<something></code>"
msgstr "<code>SET $SP+=<ÑÑо-нибÑдÑ>,</code>"
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | If you want to increment the stack pointer a certain amount. But in
-# | addition you can also tell it to start at a particular line in the
-# | program, you can set the program counter to a particular source line. But
-# | what if you find that you called a function by mistake and you didn't
-# | really want to call that function at all? Say, that function is so screwed
-# | up that what you really want to do is get back out of it and do by hand
-# | what that function should have done. For that you can use the
-# | [-“RETURN”-] {+<code>RETURN</code>+} command. You select a
-# | stack frame and you say [-“RETURN”,-] {+<code>RETURN</code>,+}
-# | and it causes that stack-frame, and all the ones within it, to be
-# | discarded as if that function were returning right now, and you can also
-# | specify the value it should return. This does not continue execution; it
-# | pretends that return happened and then stops the program again, so you can
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-#| msgid ""
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# type: Content of: <pre>
#. type: Content of: <div><pre>
-# | [-r[3]=r[2]+4\\n-] {+<code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>\\n+}
#, no-wrap
-#| msgid " r[3]=r[2]+4\n"
msgid " <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>\n"
msgstr " <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>\n"
@@ -2411,31 +1764,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Sometimes depending on whether the result of the first instruction had any
-# | further use, it might be necessary to make a combined instruction with two
-# | assignment operators. One for this value [pointing at ???]{+ +}and
-# | another one with this value [pointing at ???] substituted in it with what
-# | came from the second instruction. But if this value was only used that
-# | once, you could eliminate it after substituting for it; there'd be no need
-# | to compute it any more. So it's actually somewhat complicated doing the
-# | substitution correctly checking that the intervening instructions don't
-# | change any of these values and other such things. When you support such
-# | things as auto-increment and auto-decrement addressing, which I do now,
-# | you also have to do various checks for those to check for situations where
-# | what you're doing is not value preserving.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Sometimes depending on whether the result of the first instruction had "
-#| "any further use, it might be necessary to make a combined instruction "
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-#| "another one with this value [pointing at ???] substituted in it with what "
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-# | [-(set-] {+<code>(set+} (reg [-2)\\n (+-] {+2)</code>\\n
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-#| msgid ""
-#| " (set (reg 2)\n"
-#| " (+ (reg 2)\n"
-#| " (int 4)))\n"
+#, no-wrap
msgid ""
" <code>(set (reg 2)</code>\n"
" <code>(+ (reg 2)</code>\n"
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | This looks like Lisp, but the semantics of these are not quite LISP,
-# | because each symbol here is one recognized specially. There's a
-# | particular fixed set of these symbols that is defined, all the ones you
-# | need. And each one has a particular pattern of types of arguments, for
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-#| msgid ""
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-# | This compiler currently works by having a parser which turns C code into
-# | effectively a syntax tree annotated with C datatype information. Then
-# | another pass which looks at that tree and generates code like this [LISP
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-# | {+<code>.+1</code>,+} all of which can be immediately simplified. Then a
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-# | dataflow-analysis, so that it can tell for each instruction which values
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-# | if I have one instruction which generates pseudo register R[28], and then
-# | another instruction later which uses R[28] and it's the first place to use
-# | R[28], I make the second one point back to the first one, and this pointer
-# | is used to control the attempts to combine the instructions. You don't
-# | combine adjacent instructions, you combine an instruction that uses a
-# | value with the instruction that produced that value. Even if there are
-# | other instructions in between, they don't matter for this, you just have
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-#| msgid ""
-#| "This compiler currently works by having a parser which turns C code into "
-#| "effectively a syntax tree annotated with C datatype information. Then "
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | [-(Question:-]{+<span>[Question:+} Do you have a code generator for
-# | [-32000?)-] {+32000?]</span>+} Not yet, but again, it's not a code
-# | generator it's just a machine description that you need. A list of all
-# | the machine instructions described in this [LISP like] form. So in fact
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# type: Content of: <p>
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | The other sizable part of the system that exist, is the kernel.
-# | [-(Question:-] {+<span>[Question:+} A [-pause?)-] {+pause?]</span>+} Ah,
-# | yeah I guess we've forgotten about breaks. Why don't I finish talking
-# | about the kernel, which should only take about five minutes, and then we
-# | can take a break.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The other sizable part of the system that exist, is the kernel. "
-#| "(Question: A pause?) Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about breaks. Why "
-#| "don't I finish talking about the kernel, which should only take about "
-#| "five minutes, and then we can take a break."
msgid ""
"The other sizable part of the system that exist, is the kernel. <span>"
"[Question: A pause?]</span> Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about breaks. "
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# type: Content of: <p>
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Features that I believe must be added include: Version numbers,
-# | undeletion, information on when and how and where the file was backed up
-# | on tape, atomic superseding of files. I believe that it is good that in
-# | Unix when a file is being written, you can already look at what's going
-# | there, so for example, you can use [-“tail”-]
-# | {+<code>tail</code>+} to see how far the thing got, that's very nice. And
-# | if the program dies, having partly written the file, you can see what it
-# | produced. These things are all good, but, that partly written output
-# | should not ever be taken for the complete output that you expected to have
-# | eventually. The previous version of that should continue to be visible
-# | and used by everyone who tries to use it, until the new version is
-# | completely and correctly made. This means that the new version should be
-# | visible in the file system but not under the name it is supposed to have.
-# | It should get renamed when it's finished. Which is by the way what
-# | happens in ITS, although there each user program has to do this
-# | explicitly. For Unix compatibility with the user programs, it has to
-# | happen invisibly.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Features that I believe must be added include: Version numbers, "
-#| "undeletion, information on when and how and where the file was backed up "
-#| "on tape, atomic superseding of files. I believe that it is good that in "
-#| "Unix when a file is being written, you can already look at what's going "
-#| "there, so for example, you can use “tail” to see how far the "
-#| "thing got, that's very nice. And if the program dies, having partly "
-#| "written the file, you can see what it produced. These things are all "
-#| "good, but, that partly written output should not ever be taken for the "
-#| "complete output that you expected to have eventually. The previous "
-#| "version of that should continue to be visible and used by everyone who "
-#| "tries to use it, until the new version is completely and correctly made. "
-#| "This means that the new version should be visible in the file system but "
-#| "not under the name it is supposed to have. It should get renamed when "
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msgid ""
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@@ -3015,39 +2214,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | I have a weird hairy scheme to try to make version numbers fit with the
-# | existing Unix user programs. And this is the idea that you specify a file
-# | name leaving the version number implicit, if you just specify the name in
-# | the ordinary way. But if you wish to specify a name exactly, either
-# | because you want to state explicitly what version to use, or because you
-# | don't want versions at all, you put a point at the end of it. Thus if you
-# | give the filename [-“FOO”-] {+<code>FOO</code>+} it means
-# | “Search the versions that exists for FOO and take the latest
-# | [-one”.-] {+one.”+} But if you say [-“FOO.”-]
-# | {+<code>FOO.</code>+} it means “use exactly the name FOO and none
-# | [-other”.-] {+other.”+} If you say [-“FOO.3.”-]
-# | {+<code>FOO.3.</code>+} it says “use exactly the name FOO.3[-
-# | -]” which of course is version three of FOO and none other. On
-# | output, if you just say [-“FOO”,-] {+<code>FOO</code>,+} it
-# | will eventually create a new version of [-“FOO”,-] {+FOO,+}
-# | but if you say [-“FOO.”-] {+<code>FOO.</code>+} it will write
-# | a file named exactly [-“FOO”.-] {+FOO.+}
-#| msgid ""
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-#| "but if you say “FOO.” it will write a file named exactly "
-#| "“FOO”."
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -3113,15 +2279,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | And this idea can be connected up to “star [-matching”,-]
-# | {+matching,”+} by saying that a name that doesn't end in a point is
-# | matched against all the names without their version numbers, so if a
-# | certain directory has files like this:
-#| msgid ""
-#| "And this idea can be connected up to “star matching”, by "
-#| "saying that a name that doesn't end in a point is matched against all the "
-#| "names without their version numbers, so if a certain directory has files "
-#| "like this:"
msgid ""
"And this idea can be connected up to “star matching,” by saying "
"that a name that doesn't end in a point is matched against all the names "
@@ -3133,52 +2290,23 @@
# type: Content of: <pre>
#. type: Content of: <div><pre>
-# | [-foo.1-] {+<code>foo.1+} foo.2 [-bar.8\\n-] {+bar.8</code>\\n+}
#, no-wrap
-#| msgid " foo.1 foo.2 bar.8\n"
msgid " <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>\n"
msgstr " <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>\n"
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | If I say [-“*”,-] {+<code>*</code>,+} that's equivalent to
-#| msgid "If I say “*”, that's equivalent to"
msgid "If I say <code>*</code>, that's equivalent to"
msgstr "ÐÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ <code>*</code>, ÑÑо
ÑквиваленÑно"
# type: Content of: <pre>
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-# | [-foo bar\\n-] {+<code>foo bar</code>\\n+}
#, no-wrap
-#| msgid " foo bar\n"
msgid " <code>foo bar</code>\n"
msgstr " <code>foo bar</code>\n"
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | because it takes all the names and gets rid of their versions, and takes
-# | all the distinct ones. But if I say [-“*.”-]
-# | {+<code>*.</code>+} then it takes all the exact names, puts a point after
-# | each one, and matches against them. So this gives me all the names for
-# | all the individual versions that exist. And similar, you can see the
-# | difference between [-“*.c”-] {+<code>*.c</code>+} and
-# | [-“*.c.”-] {+<code>*.c.</code>+} this [the first] would give
-# | you essentially versionless references to all the [-“.c”-]
-# | {+<code>.c</code>+} files, whereas this [the second] will give you all the
-# | versions … well this actually wouldn't, you'd have to say
-# | [-“*.c.*.”.-] {+<code>*.c.*.</code>;+} I haven't worked out
-# | the details here.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "because it takes all the names and gets rid of their versions, and takes "
-#| "all the distinct ones. But if I say “*.” then it takes all "
-#| "the exact names, puts a point after each one, and matches against them. "
-#| "So this gives me all the names for all the individual versions that "
-#| "exist. And similar, you can see the difference between “*.c” "
-#| "and “*.c.” this [the first] would give you essentially "
-#| "versionless references to all the “.c” files, whereas this "
-#| "[the second] will give you all the versions … well this actually "
-#| "wouldn't, you'd have to say “*.c.*.”. I haven't worked out "
-#| "the details here."
msgid ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | Another thing, that isn't a user visible feature and is certainly
-# | compatible to put in, is failsafeness in the file system. Namely, by
-# | writing all the information on disk in the proper order, arranging that
-# | you can press [-“halt”-] {+“<kbd>halt</kbd>”+} at
-# | any time without ever corrupting thereby the file system on disk. It is
-# | so well known how to do this, I can't imagine why anyone would neglect it.
-# | Another idea is further redundant information. I'm not sure whether I'll
-# | do this or not, but I have ideas for how to store in each file all of its
-# | names, and thus make it possible if any directory on disk is lost, to
-# | reconstruct it from the rest of the contents of the disk.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Another thing, that isn't a user visible feature and is certainly "
-#| "compatible to put in, is failsafeness in the file system. Namely, by "
-#| "writing all the information on disk in the proper order, arranging that "
-#| "you can press “halt” at any time without ever corrupting "
-#| "thereby the file system on disk. It is so well known how to do this, I "
-#| "can't imagine why anyone would neglect it. Another idea is further "
-#| "redundant information. I'm not sure whether I'll do this or not, but I "
-#| "have ideas for how to store in each file all of its names, and thus make "
-#| "it possible if any directory on disk is lost, to reconstruct it from the "
-#| "rest of the contents of the disk."
msgid ""
"Another thing, that isn't a user visible feature and is certainly compatible "
"to put in, is failsafeness in the file system. Namely, by writing all the "
@@ -3458,29 +2565,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | It was only in the late seventies that this began to change. I was
-# | extremely impressed by the sharing spirit that we had. We were doing
-# | something that we hoped was useful and were happy if people could use it.
-# | So when I developed the first EMACS, and people wanted to start use it
-# | outside of MIT, I said that it belongs to the EMACS
-# | [-“Commune”,-] {+“Commune,”+} that in order to use
-# | EMACS you had to be a member of the commune, and that meant that you had
-# | the responsibility to contribute all the improvements that you made. All
-# | the improvements to the original EMACS had to be sent back to me so that I
-# | could incorporate them into newer versions of EMACS, so that everyone in
-# | the community could benefit from them.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It was only in the late seventies that this began to change. I was "
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msgid ""
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"extremely impressed by the sharing spirit that we had. We were doing "
@@ -3609,38 +2693,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Now in fact, you don't have to do anything special to cause a program to
-# | get around to all the people who want to use it, because they can copy it
-# | themselves perfectly well, and it will get to everyone. All you have to
-# | do after you've written the program is to sit back and let people do what
-# | they want to do. But that's not what happens; instead somebody
-# | deliberately tries to obstruct the sharing of the program, and in fact, he
-# | doesn't just try to obstruct it, he tries to pressure other people into
-# | helping. Whenever a user signs a nondisclosure agreement he has
-# | essentially sold out his fellow users. Instead of following the golden
-# | rule and saying, “I like this program, my neighbor would like the
-# | program, I want us both to have [-it”,-] {+it,”+} instead he
-# | said, “Yeah, give it to me. To hell with my neighbor! I'll help you
-# | keep it away from my neighbor, just give it to me!”[-,-] and that
-# | spirit is what does the spiritual harm. That attitude of saying,
-# | “To hell with my neighbors, give ME a [-copy”.-]
-# | {+copy.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now in fact, you don't have to do anything special to cause a program to "
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-#| "they want to do. But that's not what happens; instead somebody "
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | And then there is also the situation where a program is adequate make do,
-# | but it's uncomfortable. For example: The first time we had a graphics
-# | printer at MIT, we wrote the software ourselves, and we put in lots of
-# | nice features, for example it would send you a message when your job had
-# | finished printing, and it would send you a message if the printer ran out
-# | of paper and you had a job in the queue, and lots of other things that
-# | were what we wanted. We then got a much nicer graphic printer, one of the
-# | first laser printers, but then the software was supplied by Xerox, and we
-# | couldn't change it. They wouldn't put in these features, and we couldn't,
-# | so we had to make do with things that “half [-worked”.-]
-# | {+worked.”+} And it was very frustrating to know that we were ready,
-# | willing and able to fix it, but weren't permitted. We were sabotaged.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "And then there is also the situation where a program is adequate make do, "
-#| "but it's uncomfortable. For example: The first time we had a graphics "
-#| "printer at MIT, we wrote the software ourselves, and we put in lots of "
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msgid ""
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@@ -3796,17 +2823,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | And then there are all the people who use computers and say that the
-# | computers are a mystery to them, they don't know {+[how]+} they work.
-# | Well how can they possibly know? They can't read the programs they're
-# | using. The only way people learn how programs should be written, or how
-# | programs do what they do, is by reading the source code.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "And then there are all the people who use computers and say that the "
-#| "computers are a mystery to them, they don't know they work. Well how can "
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-#| "way people learn how programs should be written, or how programs do what "
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msgid ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | Now the spiritual harm that goes with this kind of material harm, is in
-# | the spirit of self-sufficiency. When a person spends a lot of time using
-# | a computer system, the configuration of that computer system becomes the
-# | city that he lives in. Just as the way our houses and furniture are laid
-# | out, determines what it's like for us to live among them, so that the
-# | computer system that we use, and if we can't change the computer system
-# | that we use to suit us, then our lives are really under the control of
-# | others. And a person who sees this becomes in a certain way demoralized:
-# | “It's no use trying to change those things, they're always going to
-# | be bad. No point even hassling it. I'll just put in my time and …
-# | when it's over I'll go away and try not to think about it any
-# | [-more”.-] {+more.”+} That kind of spirit, that unenthusiasm
-# | is what results from not being permitted to make things better when you
-# | have feelings of public spirit.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now the spiritual harm that goes with this kind of material harm, is in "
-#| "the spirit of self-sufficiency. When a person spends a lot of time using "
-#| "a computer system, the configuration of that computer system becomes the "
-#| "city that he lives in. Just as the way our houses and furniture are laid "
-#| "out, determines what it's like for us to live among them, so that the "
-#| "computer system that we use, and if we can't change the computer system "
-#| "that we use to suit us, then our lives are really under the control of "
-#| "others. And a person who sees this becomes in a certain way demoralized: "
-#| "“It's no use trying to change those things, they're always going to "
-#| "be bad. No point even hassling it. I'll just put in my time and "
-#| "… when it's over I'll go away and try not to think about it any "
-#| "more”. That kind of spirit, that unenthusiasm is what results from "
-#| "not being permitted to make things better when you have feelings of "
-#| "public spirit."
msgid ""
"Now the spiritual harm that goes with this kind of material harm, is in the "
"spirit of self-sufficiency. When a person spends a lot of time using a "
@@ -4051,19 +3038,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Now, the people who believe that they can own programs, generally put
-# | forward two lines of argument for this. The first one is “I wrote
-# | it, it is a child of my spirit, my heart, my soul is in this. How can
-# | anyone take it away from me? Wherever it goes it's mine, mine,
-# | MINE!!”[-.-] Well, it's sort of strange that most of them signs
-# | agreements saying it belongs to the company they work for.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, the people who believe that they can own programs, generally put "
-#| "forward two lines of argument for this. The first one is “I wrote "
-#| "it, it is a child of my spirit, my heart, my soul is in this. How can "
-#| "anyone take it away from me? Wherever it goes it's mine, mine, MINE!!"
-#| "”. Well, it's sort of strange that most of them signs agreements "
-#| "saying it belongs to the company they work for."
msgid ""
"Now, the people who believe that they can own programs, generally put "
"forward two lines of argument for this. The first one is “I wrote it, "
@@ -4092,23 +3066,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Usually, these people use this argument to demand the right to control
-# | even how people can change a program. They say: “Nobody should be
-# | able to mess up my work of [-art”.-] {+art.”+} Well, imagine
-# | that the person who invented a dish that you plan to cook had the right to
-# | control how you can cook it, because it's his work of art. You want to
-# | leave out the salt, but he says “Oh, no. I designed this dish, and
-# | it has to have this much salt!” “But my doctor says it's not
-# | safe for me to eat salt. What can I do?”[-.-]
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Usually, these people use this argument to demand the right to control "
-#| "even how people can change a program. They say: “Nobody should be "
-#| "able to mess up my work of art”. Well, imagine that the person who "
-#| "invented a dish that you plan to cook had the right to control how you "
-#| "can cook it, because it's his work of art. You want to leave out the "
-#| "salt, but he says “Oh, no. I designed this dish, and it has to "
-#| "have this much salt!” “But my doctor says it's not safe for "
-#| "me to eat salt. What can I do?”."
msgid ""
"Usually, these people use this argument to demand the right to control even "
"how people can change a program. They say: “Nobody should be able to "
@@ -4147,35 +3104,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The second line of argument they make is the economic one. “How
-# | will people get payed to program?” they say, and there's a little
-# | bit of real issue in this. But a lot of what they say is confusion. And
-# | the confusion is, it's not at all the same to say “if we want to
-# | have a lot of people programming we must arrange for them not to need to
-# | make a living in any other fashion” on the one hand, and to say
-# | “We need to have the current system, you need to get rich by
-# | programming” on the other hand. There's a big difference between
-# | just making a living wage and making the kind of money programmers, at
-# | least in the US make nowadays. They always say: “How will I
-# | eat?”[-,-] but the problem is not really how “Will he
-# | eat?”[-,-] but “How will he eat sushi?”[-.-] “How
-# | will I have a roof over my head?”[-,-] but the real problem is
-# | “How can he afford a condo?”[-.-]
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The second line of argument they make is the economic one. “How "
-#| "will people get payed to program?” they say, and there's a little "
-#| "bit of real issue in this. But a lot of what they say is confusion. And "
-#| "the confusion is, it's not at all the same to say “if we want to "
-#| "have a lot of people programming we must arrange for them not to need to "
-#| "make a living in any other fashion” on the one hand, and to say "
-#| "“We need to have the current system, you need to get rich by "
-#| "programming” on the other hand. There's a big difference between "
-#| "just making a living wage and making the kind of money programmers, at "
-#| "least in the US make nowadays. They always say: “How will I eat?"
-#| "”, but the problem is not really how “Will he eat?”, "
-#| "but “How will he eat sushi?”. “How will I have a roof "
-#| "over my head?”, but the real problem is “How can he afford a "
-#| "condo?”."
msgid ""
"The second line of argument they make is the economic one. “How will "
"people get payed to program?” they say, and there's a little bit of "
@@ -4266,39 +3194,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | There's a funny thing that happens whenever someone comes up with a way of
-# | making lots of money by hoarding something. Until that time you've
-# | probably had lots and lots of people who were really enthusiastic and
-# | eager to work in that field, the only sort of question is how can they get
-# | any sort of livelihood at all. If we think of mathematicians for example,
-# | there are a lot more people who want to be pure mathematicians than there
-# | is funding for anybody to be pure mathematicians. And even when you do
-# | get funding, you don't get very much, they don't live well. And for
-# | musicians it's even worse. I saw a statistics for how much the average
-# | musician, the average person devoting most of his time trying to be a
-# | musician, in Massachusetts made; it was something like half the median
-# | income or less. It is barely enough to live on, it's difficult. But
-# | there are lots of them trying to do that. And then, somehow when it gets
-# | generally possible to get very well paid to do something, all those people
-# | disappear, and people start saying “nobody will do it unless they
-# | get paid that [-well”.-] {+well.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There's a funny thing that happens whenever someone comes up with a way "
-#| "of making lots of money by hoarding something. Until that time you've "
-#| "probably had lots and lots of people who were really enthusiastic and "
-#| "eager to work in that field, the only sort of question is how can they "
-#| "get any sort of livelihood at all. If we think of mathematicians for "
-#| "example, there are a lot more people who want to be pure mathematicians "
-#| "than there is funding for anybody to be pure mathematicians. And even "
-#| "when you do get funding, you don't get very much, they don't live well. "
-#| "And for musicians it's even worse. I saw a statistics for how much the "
-#| "average musician, the average person devoting most of his time trying to "
-#| "be a musician, in Massachusetts made; it was something like half the "
-#| "median income or less. It is barely enough to live on, it's difficult. "
-#| "But there are lots of them trying to do that. And then, somehow when it "
-#| "gets generally possible to get very well paid to do something, all those "
-#| "people disappear, and people start saying “nobody will do it unless "
-#| "they get paid that well”."
msgid ""
"There's a funny thing that happens whenever someone comes up with a way of "
"making lots of money by hoarding something. Until that time you've probably "
@@ -4401,38 +3296,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Right now the hoarders essentially claims the power to render a person's
-# | computer useless. There used to be people in the US, most commonly about
-# | fifty years ago, they were in the Mafia, they would go up to stores and
-# | bars, especially bars when bars were illegal of course. They would go up
-# | and say: “A lot of places around here have been burning down lately.
-# | You wouldn't want your place to burn down, would you? Well we can protect
-# | you from fires, you just have to pay us a thousand dollars a month, and
-# | we'll make sure you don't have a fire [-here”.-] {+here.”+}
-# | And this was called “the protection [-racket”.-]
-# | {+racket.”+} Now we have something where a person says “You
-# | got a nice computer there, and you've got some programs there that you're
-# | using. Well, if you don't want those programs to disappear, if you don't
-# | want the police to come after you, you better pay me a thousand dollars,
-# | and I'll give you a copy of this program with a [-license”,-]
-# | {+license,”+} and this is called “the software protection
-# | [-racket”.-] {+racket.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Right now the hoarders essentially claims the power to render a person's "
-#| "computer useless. There used to be people in the US, most commonly about "
-#| "fifty years ago, they were in the Mafia, they would go up to stores and "
-#| "bars, especially bars when bars were illegal of course. They would go up "
-#| "and say: “A lot of places around here have been burning down "
-#| "lately. You wouldn't want your place to burn down, would you? Well we "
-#| "can protect you from fires, you just have to pay us a thousand dollars a "
-#| "month, and we'll make sure you don't have a fire here”. And this "
-#| "was called “the protection racket”. Now we have something "
-#| "where a person says “You got a nice computer there, and you've got "
-#| "some programs there that you're using. Well, if you don't want those "
-#| "programs to disappear, if you don't want the police to come after you, "
-#| "you better pay me a thousand dollars, and I'll give you a copy of this "
-#| "program with a license”, and this is called “the software "
-#| "protection racket”."
msgid ""
"Right now the hoarders essentially claims the power to render a person's "
"computer useless. There used to be people in the US, most commonly about "
@@ -4466,21 +3329,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Really all they're doing is interfering with everybody else doing what
-# | needs to be done, but they're pretending as much to them selves as to the
-# | rest of us, that they are providing a useful function. Well, what I hope
-# | is that when that software Mafia guy comes up and says, “You want
-# | those programs to disappear on your computer?”[-,-] the user can say
-# | “I'm not afraid of you any more. I have this free GNU software, and
-# | there's nothing you can do to me now.”
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Really all they're doing is interfering with everybody else doing what "
-#| "needs to be done, but they're pretending as much to them selves as to the "
-#| "rest of us, that they are providing a useful function. Well, what I hope "
-#| "is that when that software Mafia guy comes up and says, “You want "
-#| "those programs to disappear on your computer?”, the user can say "
-#| "“I'm not afraid of you any more. I have this free GNU software, "
-#| "and there's nothing you can do to me now.”"
msgid ""
"Really all they're doing is interfering with everybody else doing what needs "
"to be done, but they're pretending as much to them selves as to the rest of "
@@ -4571,15 +3419,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | <strong>[After this RMS answered questions for about an hour. I have only
-# | included a very few of the questions and answers in this version. The
-# | tape was bad, and I didn't have the time to do a proper job on all of
-# | it{+.+}] </strong>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<strong>[After this RMS answered questions for about an hour. I have "
-#| "only included a very few of the questions and answers in this version. "
-#| "The tape was bad, and I didn't have the time to do a proper job on all of "
-#| "it] </strong>"
msgid ""
"<strong>[After this RMS answered questions for about an hour. I have only "
"included a very few of the questions and answers in this version. The tape "
@@ -4592,38 +3431,11 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-# | [-<b>Q</b>:-]{+<b>Q:</b>+} Has anyone tried to make problems for you?
-#| msgid "<b>Q</b>: Has anyone tried to make problems for you?"
msgid "<b>Q:</b> Has anyone tried to make problems for you?"
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вам пÑоблемÑ?"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
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-# | <b>A:</b> The only time anyone has tried to make a problem for me was
-# | those owners, so called, self-styled owners of Gosling Emacs. Aside from
-# | that they have no grounds to do so, so there is not much they can do. By
-# | the way, I'd like to call everyone's attention to the way in which people
-# | use language to try to encourage people to think certain thoughts and not
-# | think of others. Much of the terminology current in the field was chosen
-# | by the self-styled software owners to try to encourage you to try to make
-# | you see software as similar to material objects that are property, and
-# | overlook the differences. The most flagrant example of this is the term
-# | [-“pirate”.-] {+“pirate.”+} Please refuse [-to
-# | use-] to use the term “pirate” to describe somebody who wishes
-# | to share software with his neighbor like a good citizen.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A:</b> The only time anyone has tried to make a problem for me was "
-#| "those owners, so called, self-styled owners of Gosling Emacs. Aside from "
-#| "that they have no grounds to do so, so there is not much they can do. By "
-#| "the way, I'd like to call everyone's attention to the way in which people "
-#| "use language to try to encourage people to think certain thoughts and not "
-#| "think of others. Much of the terminology current in the field was chosen "
-#| "by the self-styled software owners to try to encourage you to try to make "
-#| "you see software as similar to material objects that are property, and "
-#| "overlook the differences. The most flagrant example of this is the term "
-#| "“pirate”. Please refuse to use to use the term “"
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-#| "neighbor like a good citizen."
msgid ""
"<b>A:</b> The only time anyone has tried to make a problem for me was those "
"owners, so called, self-styled owners of Gosling Emacs. Aside from that "
@@ -4637,10 +3449,10 @@
"” Please refuse to use the term “pirate” to describe "
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# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
-# | When books could only be made by mass production, copyright then started
-# | to make sense and it also did not take away the freedom of the reading
-# | public. As a member of the public who didn't own a printing press, you
-# | couldn't copy a book anyway. So you weren't losing any freedom just
-# | because there were copyrights. Thus copyright was invented, and made
-# | sense morally because of a technological change. Now the reverse change
-# | is happening. Individual copying of information is becoming better and
-# | better, and we can see that the ultimate progress of technology is to make
-# | it possible to copy any kind of information. [-[break-] {+<span>[break+}
-# | due to turning of [-tape]-] {+tape]</span>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When books could only be made by mass production, copyright then started "
-#| "to make sense and it also did not take away the freedom of the reading "
-#| "public. As a member of the public who didn't own a printing press, you "
-#| "couldn't copy a book anyway. So you weren't losing any freedom just "
-#| "because there were copyrights. Thus copyright was invented, and made "
-#| "sense morally because of a technological change. Now the reverse change "
-#| "is happening. Individual copying of information is becoming better and "
-#| "better, and we can see that the ultimate progress of technology is to "
-#| "make it possible to copy any kind of information. [break due to turning "
-#| "of tape]"
msgid ""
"When books could only be made by mass production, copyright then started to "
"make sense and it also did not take away the freedom of the reading public. "
@@ -4760,34 +3551,6 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
-# | For a piece of information that anyone can copy, the facts are different.
-# | And therefore the moral attitudes that fit are different. Our moral
-# | attitudes comes from thinking how much it will help people and how much it
-# | will hurt people to do certain things. With a material object, you can
-# | come and take away this chair, but you couldn't come and copy it. And if
-# | you took away the chair, it wouldn't be producing anything, so there's no
-# | excuse. I somebody says: “I did the work to make this one chair, and
-# | only one person can have this chair, it might as well be [-me”,-]
-# | {+me,”+} we might as well say: “Yeah, that makes
-# | [-sense”.-] {+sense.”+} When a person says: “I carved
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-# | dare take it away from [-me”,-] {+me,”+} well that also make
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-# | the guy who owns that disk.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For a piece of information that anyone can copy, the facts are "
-#| "different. And therefore the moral attitudes that fit are different. "
-#| "Our moral attitudes comes from thinking how much it will help people and "
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-#| "object, you can come and take away this chair, but you couldn't come and "
-#| "copy it. And if you took away the chair, it wouldn't be producing "
-#| "anything, so there's no excuse. I somebody says: “I did the work to "
-#| "make this one chair, and only one person can have this chair, it might as "
-#| "well be me”, we might as well say: “Yeah, that makes "
-#| "sense”. When a person says: “I carved the bits on this disk, "
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-#| "have the disk, it might as well be the guy who owns that disk."
msgid ""
"For a piece of information that anyone can copy, the facts are different. "
"And therefore the moral attitudes that fit are different. Our moral "
@@ -4820,21 +3583,6 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
-# | But when somebody else comes up and says: “I'm not going to hurt
-# | your disk, I'm just gonna magically make another one just like it and then
-# | I'll take it away and then you can go on using this disk just the same as
-# | [-before”,-] {+before,”+} well, it's the same as if somebody
-# | said: “I've got a magic chair copier. You can keep on enjoying your
-# | chair, sitting in it, having it always there when you want it, but I'll
-# | have a chair [-too”.-] {+too.”+} That's good.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But when somebody else comes up and says: “I'm not going to hurt "
-#| "your disk, I'm just gonna magically make another one just like it and "
-#| "then I'll take it away and then you can go on using this disk just the "
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-#| "chair too”. That's good."
msgid ""
"But when somebody else comes up and says: “I'm not going to hurt your "
"disk, I'm just gonna magically make another one just like it and then I'll "
@@ -4899,13 +3647,6 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
-# | Essentially they are trying to preserve the “material object
-# | [-age”,-] {+age,”+} but it's gone, and we should get our ideas
-# | of right and wrong in sync with the actual facts of the world we live in.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Essentially they are trying to preserve the “material object "
-#| "age”, but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and wrong "
-#| "in sync with the actual facts of the world we live in."
msgid ""
"Essentially they are trying to preserve the “material object age,"
"” but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and wrong in "
@@ -4917,20 +3658,13 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-# | [-<b>Q</b>:-]{+<b>Q:</b>+} So it boils down to ownership of information.
-# | Do you think there are any instances where, {+[in]+} your opinion, it's
-# | right to own information?
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>Q</b>: So it boils down to ownership of information. Do you think "
-#| "there are any instances where, your opinion, it's right to own "
-#| "information?"
msgid ""
"<b>Q:</b> So it boils down to ownership of information. Do you think there "
"are any instances where, [in] your opinion, it's right to own information?"
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# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
@@ -4997,11 +3730,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -5016,15 +3744,10 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1987, [-2009, 2010, 2020-] {+2021+} Richard Stallman and
-# | Bjrn Remseth
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 1987, 2009, 2010, 2020 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth"
msgid "Copyright © 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth <br />"
-"Copyright © 2009, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. "
-"(translation)"
+"Copyright © 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth <br /"
+">Copyright © 2009, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:29 -0000
1.27
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:38 -0000
1.28
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 16:26+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -31,29 +30,18 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr "РиÑаÑд СÑолмен"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<em>Speech-]{+Speech+} given at Model Engineering College, Government of
-# | Kerala, India, [-2001</em>-] {+2001+} (<a
-# | [-href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg\";>audio-]
-# | {+href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg\">audio+}
-# | recording</a>)
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<em>Speech given at Model Engineering College, Government of Kerala, "
-#| "India, 2001</em> (<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-";
-#| "india.ogg\">audio recording</a>)"
msgid ""
"Speech given at Model Engineering College, Government of Kerala, India, 2001 "
"(<a href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg\">audio recording</"
"a>)"
msgstr ""
"ÐÑÑÑÑпление в ÐбÑазÑовом инженеÑном
колледже пÑи пÑавиÑелÑÑÑве ÐеÑÐ°Ð»Ñ Ð² "
-"Ðндии, 2001 год (<a href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-"
-"mec-india.ogg\">звÑкозапиÑÑ</a>)"
+"Ðндии, 2001 год (<a
href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg"
+"\">звÑкозапиÑÑ</a>)"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
msgid "Summary"
@@ -170,17 +158,12 @@
msgstr "ÐÑедÑÑавление докладÑика"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-<strong>Prof.-]{+<em>Prof.+} Jyothi John, Head of Computer Engineering
-# | Department introduces [-Stallman:</strong>-] {+Stallman:</em>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<strong>Prof. Jyothi John, Head of Computer Engineering Department "
-#| "introduces Stallman:</strong>"
msgid ""
"<em>Prof. Jyothi John, Head of Computer Engineering Department introduces "
"Stallman:</em>"
msgstr ""
-"<em>ÐÑоÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐжйоÑи Ðжон, ÑÑководиÑелÑ
ÑакÑлÑÑеÑа ÐÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной "
-"ÑеÑ
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ÑакÑлÑÑеÑа ÐÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
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#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -235,23 +218,6 @@
"дÑÑгие могли изÑÑаÑÑ, изменÑÑÑ Ð¸
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Stallman received the Grace Hopper award from the Association for
-# | Computing Machinery for 1991, in 1990 he was awarded MacArthur Foundation
-# | [-Fellowship — other-] {+Fellowship—other+} recipients of this
-# | prestigious award include Noam Chomsky and Tim Berners-Lee. In 1996, an
-# | honorary doctorate of Technology from the Royal Institute, Sweden was
-# | awarded to him. In 1998, he received the Electronic Frontier Foundation's
-# | Pioneer award, along with Linus Torvalds. In 1999 he received the Yuri
-# | Rubinski Memorial award.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Stallman received the Grace Hopper award from the Association for "
-#| "Computing Machinery for 1991, in 1990 he was awarded MacArthur Foundation "
-#| "Fellowship — other recipients of this prestigious award include "
-#| "Noam Chomsky and Tim Berners-Lee. In 1996, an honorary doctorate of "
-#| "Technology from the Royal Institute, Sweden was awarded to him. In 1998, "
-#| "he received the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Pioneer award, along "
-#| "with Linus Torvalds. In 1999 he received the Yuri Rubinski Memorial "
-#| "award."
msgid ""
"Stallman received the Grace Hopper award from the Association for Computing "
"Machinery for 1991, in 1990 he was awarded MacArthur Foundation "
@@ -325,21 +291,6 @@
"еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ пÑоблемÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-One — it-]{+One—it+} prejudges the most important policy
-# | question about how to treat some kind of ideas or practices or works, or
-# | whatever. It assumes that they are going to be treated as some kind of
-# | property. Now, this is a public policy decision and you should be able to
-# | consider various alternatives to choose the best one. Which means you
-# | shouldn't name the whole field, name the question with a term that
-# | prejudges what kind of answer you use.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One — it prejudges the most important policy question about how to "
-#| "treat some kind of ideas or practices or works, or whatever. It assumes "
-#| "that they are going to be treated as some kind of property. Now, this is "
-#| "a public policy decision and you should be able to consider various "
-#| "alternatives to choose the best one. Which means you shouldn't name the "
-#| "whole field, name the question with a term that prejudges what kind of "
-#| "answer you use."
msgid ""
"One—it prejudges the most important policy question about how to treat "
"some kind of ideas or practices or works, or whatever. It assumes that they "
@@ -418,17 +369,6 @@
"пÑавами и паÑенÑами:"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | A copyright deals with a particular work, usually a written work, and it
-# | has to do with the details of that work. Ideas are completely excluded.
-# | Patents, by [-contrast — well,-] {+contrast—well,+} a patent
-# | covers an idea. It's that simple, and any idea that you can describe,
-# | that's what a patent might restrict you from doing.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A copyright deals with a particular work, usually a written work, and it "
-#| "has to do with the details of that work. Ideas are completely excluded. "
-#| "Patents, by contrast — well, a patent covers an idea. It's that "
-#| "simple, and any idea that you can describe, that's what a patent might "
-#| "restrict you from doing."
msgid ""
"A copyright deals with a particular work, usually a written work, and it has "
"to do with the details of that work. Ideas are completely excluded. "
@@ -489,15 +429,6 @@
"игноÑиÑоваÑÑ ÑÑждение вÑÑкого, кÑо
дейÑÑвиÑелÑно ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑом."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-# | Copyrights last an extremely long time. In the US today it's possible for
-# | copyrights to last for 150 years, which is absurd. Patents don't last that
-# | long; they merely last for a long [-time — 20-] {+time—20+}
-# | years, which in the field of software, as you can imagine, is a long time.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyrights last an extremely long time. In the US today it's possible "
-#| "for copyrights to last for 150 years, which is absurd. Patents don't last "
-#| "that long; they merely last for a long time — 20 years, which in "
-#| "the field of software, as you can imagine, is a long time."
msgid ""
"Copyrights last an extremely long time. In the US today it's possible for "
"copyrights to last for 150 years, which is absurd. Patents don't last that "
@@ -684,26 +615,6 @@
"Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ найдеÑе иÑ
<em>вÑе</em>."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | A few years ago somebody had a US [-patent — maybe-]
-# | {+patent—maybe+} it's expired by [-now — on-] {+now—on+}
-# | natural order recalculation in spreadsheets. Now, what does this mean? It
-# | means the original spreadsheets did the recalculation always from top to
-# | bottom. Which meant that if a cell ever depended on a lower cell, then it
-# | wouldn't get recalculated the first time; you'd have to do another
-# | recalculation to get that one. Clearly it's better to do the
-# | recalculation in the order, you know. If A depends on B, then do B first
-# | and then do A. This way a single recalculation will make everything
-# | consistent. Well, that's what the patent covered.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A few years ago somebody had a US patent — maybe it's expired by "
-#| "now — on natural order recalculation in spreadsheets. Now, what "
-#| "does this mean? It means the original spreadsheets did the recalculation "
-#| "always from top to bottom. Which meant that if a cell ever depended on a "
-#| "lower cell, then it wouldn't get recalculated the first time; you'd have "
-#| "to do another recalculation to get that one. Clearly it's better to do "
-#| "the recalculation in the order, you know. If A depends on B, then do B "
-#| "first and then do A. This way a single recalculation will make "
-#| "everything consistent. Well, that's what the patent covered."
msgid ""
"A few years ago somebody had a US patent—maybe it's expired by "
"now—on natural order recalculation in spreadsheets. Now, what does "
@@ -727,26 +638,6 @@
"Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо и бÑл вÑдан паÑенÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now, if you searched for the term spreadsheet, you would not have found
-# | that patent because that term did not appear in it. The phrase
-# | “natural order recalculation” didn't appear either. This
-# | [-algorithm — and-] {+algorithm—and+} it was indeed the
-# | algorithm that they covered, basically every imaginable way of coding this
-# | [-algorithm — the-] {+algorithm—the+} algorithm is called
-# | topological sorting, and that term did not appear in the patent either.
-# | It presented itself as a patent on a technique for compilation. So,
-# | reasonable searching would not have found this patent but it would still
-# | have been a basis to sue you.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, if you searched for the term spreadsheet, you would not have found "
-#| "that patent because that term did not appear in it. The phrase “"
-#| "natural order recalculation” didn't appear either. This algorithm "
-#| "— and it was indeed the algorithm that they covered, basically "
-#| "every imaginable way of coding this algorithm — the algorithm is "
-#| "called topological sorting, and that term did not appear in the patent "
-#| "either. It presented itself as a patent on a technique for compilation. "
-#| "So, reasonable searching would not have found this patent but it would "
-#| "still have been a basis to sue you."
msgid ""
"Now, if you searched for the term spreadsheet, you would not have found that "
"patent because that term did not appear in it. The phrase “natural "
@@ -832,29 +723,6 @@
"оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑÑдно. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑого вам пÑидеÑÑÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ ÑÑиÑÑом."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | In the 1980's the Australian government commissioned a study of the patent
-# | [-system — the-] {+system—the+} patent system in general, not
-# | software patents. This study concluded that Australia would be better off
-# | abolishing the patent system because it did very little good for society
-# | and caused a lot of trouble. The only reason they didn't recommend that
-# | was international pressure. So one of the things they cited was that
-# | patents, which were supposed to disclose information so that it would no
-# | longer be secret, were in fact useless for that purpose. Engineers never
-# | looked at patents to try to learn anything, because it's too hard to read
-# | them. In fact they quoted an engineer saying “I can't recognize my
-# | own inventions in patent deeds.” Now this is not just theoretical.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the 1980's the Australian government commissioned a study of the "
-#| "patent system — the patent system in general, not software "
-#| "patents. This study concluded that Australia would be better off "
-#| "abolishing the patent system because it did very little good for society "
-#| "and caused a lot of trouble. The only reason they didn't recommend that "
-#| "was international pressure. So one of the things they cited was that "
-#| "patents, which were supposed to disclose information so that it would no "
-#| "longer be secret, were in fact useless for that purpose. Engineers never "
-#| "looked at patents to try to learn anything, because it's too hard to read "
-#| "them. In fact they quoted an engineer saying “I can't recognize my "
-#| "own inventions in patent deeds.” Now this is not just theoretical."
msgid ""
"In the 1980's the Australian government commissioned a study of the patent "
"system—the patent system in general, not software patents. This study "
@@ -1164,21 +1032,6 @@
"вÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии на ÑÑо, Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо не Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»,
ÑоÑка!”"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | In the League for Programming Freedom, we heard in the early 90's from
-# | somebody whose family business was making casino games[- -]—
-# | computerized of [-course — and-] {+course—and+} he had been
-# | threatened by somebody who had a patent on a very broad category of
-# | computerized casino games. The patent covered a network where there is
-# | more than one machine, and each machine supports more than one kind of
-# | game and can display more than one game in progress at a time.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the League for Programming Freedom, we heard in the early 90's from "
-#| "somebody whose family business was making casino games — "
-#| "computerized of course — and he had been threatened by somebody who "
-#| "had a patent on a very broad category of computerized casino games. The "
-#| "patent covered a network where there is more than one machine, and each "
-#| "machine supports more than one kind of game and can display more than one "
-#| "game in progress at a time."
msgid ""
"In the League for Programming Freedom, we heard in the early 90's from "
"somebody whose family business was making casino games— computerized "
@@ -1197,26 +1050,6 @@
"одной игÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñеменно."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now, one thing you should realize is the patent office thinks that it's
-# | really brilliant. If you see that other people implemented doing one
-# | thing and you decide to support doing two or [-more — you-]
-# | {+more—you+} know, if they made a system that plays one game and if
-# | you make it able to play more than one [-game — that's-]
-# | {+game—that's+} an invention. If it can display one game and you
-# | decide to set it up so that it can display two games at once, that's an
-# | invention. If he did it with one computer and you do it with a network
-# | having multiple computers, that's an invention for them. They think that
-# | these steps are really brilliant.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, one thing you should realize is the patent office thinks that it's "
-#| "really brilliant. If you see that other people implemented doing one "
-#| "thing and you decide to support doing two or more — you know, if "
-#| "they made a system that plays one game and if you make it able to play "
-#| "more than one game — that's an invention. If it can display one "
-#| "game and you decide to set it up so that it can display two games at "
-#| "once, that's an invention. If he did it with one computer and you do it "
-#| "with a network having multiple computers, that's an invention for them. "
-#| "They think that these steps are really brilliant."
msgid ""
"Now, one thing you should realize is the patent office thinks that it's "
"really brilliant. If you see that other people implemented doing one thing "
@@ -1413,26 +1246,6 @@
"голодаÑÑ. Ðн мог Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð²
лÑбое вÑемÑ, как ÑолÑко заÑ
оÑеÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | But let's suppose that this happened, and suppose that he has his patent,
-# | and he says “IBM, you can't compete with me 'cause I've got this
-# | patent.” But here is what IBM says: “Well, gee, let's look at
-# | your product, hmm, I have this patent, and this patent and this patent and
-# | this patent and this patent that your product is violating. So how about
-# | if we cross-license?” And the starving genius says “hmm, I
-# | haven't got enough food in my belly to fight these things, so I'd better
-# | give in.” And so they sign a cross-license, and now guess [-what
-# | — IBM-] {+what—IBM+} can compete with him. He wasn't
-# | protected at all!
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But let's suppose that this happened, and suppose that he has his patent, "
-#| "and he says “IBM, you can't compete with me 'cause I've got this "
-#| "patent.” But here is what IBM says: “Well, gee, let's look at "
-#| "your product, hmm, I have this patent, and this patent and this patent "
-#| "and this patent and this patent that your product is violating. So how "
-#| "about if we cross-license?” And the starving genius says “"
-#| "hmm, I haven't got enough food in my belly to fight these things, so I'd "
-#| "better give in.” And so they sign a cross-license, and now guess "
-#| "what — IBM can compete with him. He wasn't protected at all!"
msgid ""
"But let's suppose that this happened, and suppose that he has his patent, "
"and he says “IBM, you can't compete with me 'cause I've got this "
@@ -1468,29 +1281,6 @@
"ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого делаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ можеÑ, но болÑÑаÑ
можеÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | So IBM wrote an article. It was in Think magazine, I believe, issue
-# | number five, [-1990 — that's-] {+1990—that's+} IBM's own
-# | [-magazine — an-] {+magazine—an+} article about IBM's patent
-# | portfolio. IBM said that it got two kinds of benefit from its 9000 active
-# | US patents. One benefit was collecting royalties from licenses. But the
-# | other benefit, the bigger benefit, was access to things patented by
-# | others. Permission to not be attacked by others with their patents,
-# | through cross-licensing. And the article said that the second benefit was
-# | an order of magnitude greater than the first. In other words, the benefit
-# | to IBM of being able to make things freely, not being sued, was ten times
-# | the benefit of collecting money for all their patents.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So IBM wrote an article. It was in Think magazine, I believe, issue "
-#| "number five, 1990 — that's IBM's own magazine — an article "
-#| "about IBM's patent portfolio. IBM said that it got two kinds of benefit "
-#| "from its 9000 active US patents. One benefit was collecting royalties "
-#| "from licenses. But the other benefit, the bigger benefit, was access to "
-#| "things patented by others. Permission to not be attacked by others with "
-#| "their patents, through cross-licensing. And the article said that the "
-#| "second benefit was an order of magnitude greater than the first. In "
-#| "other words, the benefit to IBM of being able to make things freely, not "
-#| "being sued, was ten times the benefit of collecting money for all their "
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msgid ""
"So IBM wrote an article. It was in Think magazine, I believe, issue number "
"five, 1990—that's IBM's own magazine—an article about IBM's "
@@ -1517,26 +1307,6 @@
"денег за вÑе иÑ
паÑенÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now the patent system is a lot like a lottery, in that what happens with
-# | any given patent is largely random and most of them don't bring any
-# | benefits to their owners. But IBM is so big that these things average out
-# | over the scale of IBM. So you could take IBM as measuring what the
-# | average is like. What we see [-is — and-] {+is—and+} this is
-# | a little bit subtle — the benefit to IBM of being able to make use
-# | of ideas that were patented by others is equal to the harm that the patent
-# | system would have done to IBM if there were no [-cross-licensing —
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-# | all those ideas that were patented by others.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now the patent system is a lot like a lottery, in that what happens with "
-#| "any given patent is largely random and most of them don't bring any "
-#| "benefits to their owners. But IBM is so big that these things average "
-#| "out over the scale of IBM. So you could take IBM as measuring what the "
-#| "average is like. What we see is — and this is a little bit subtle "
-#| "— the benefit to IBM of being able to make use of ideas that were "
-#| "patented by others is equal to the harm that the patent system would have "
-#| "done to IBM if there were no cross-licensing — if IBM really were "
-#| "prohibited from using all those ideas that were patented by others."
msgid ""
"Now the patent system is a lot like a lottery, in that what happens with any "
"given patent is largely random and most of them don't bring any benefits to "
@@ -1611,21 +1381,6 @@
"паÑенÑа."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now the outcome of this case will depend largely on technicalities, which
-# | means essentially on randomness, you know. The dice were rolled a few
-# | years ago, and you can investigate and find out what the dice came up
-# | saying, and then you'll find out whether you've got a chance. So it's
-# | mainly historical accident that determines whether the patent is [-valid
-# | — the-] {+valid—the+} historical accident of whether, or
-# | precisely which things, people happen to publish, and when.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now the outcome of this case will depend largely on technicalities, which "
-#| "means essentially on randomness, you know. The dice were rolled a few "
-#| "years ago, and you can investigate and find out what the dice came up "
-#| "saying, and then you'll find out whether you've got a chance. So it's "
-#| "mainly historical accident that determines whether the patent is valid "
-#| "— the historical accident of whether, or precisely which things, "
-#| "people happen to publish, and when."
msgid ""
"Now the outcome of this case will depend largely on technicalities, which "
"means essentially on randomness, you know. The dice were rolled a few years "
@@ -1921,23 +1676,6 @@
"ÑÑзвимоÑÑи. Рв ÑÑом оÑноÑении пÑогÑаммÑ
наÑ
одÑÑÑÑ Ð² кÑайней ÑоÑке."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | It's not unusual for a few people working for a couple of years to write a
-# | program that could have a million parts in it, different parts, which is
-# | maybe, say, 300,000 lines of code. To design a physical system that has a
-# | million different parts, that's a mega-project, that's very rare. Now
-# | you'll find many times people make a physical object with a million parts,
-# | but typically it's many copies of the same subunit and that's much easier
-# | to [-design — that's-] {+design—that's+} not a million
-# | different parts in the design.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It's not unusual for a few people working for a couple of years to write "
-#| "a program that could have a million parts in it, different parts, which "
-#| "is maybe, say, 300,000 lines of code. To design a physical system that "
-#| "has a million different parts, that's a mega-project, that's very rare. "
-#| "Now you'll find many times people make a physical object with a million "
-#| "parts, but typically it's many copies of the same subunit and that's much "
-#| "easier to design — that's not a million different parts in the "
-#| "design."
msgid ""
"It's not unusual for a few people working for a couple of years to write a "
"program that could have a million parts in it, different parts, which is "
@@ -2111,19 +1849,6 @@
"ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑиÑнÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Another way to look at it is that because we [-can — a-]
-# | {+can—a+} few of us [-can — make-] {+can—make+} a much
-# | bigger system, there are many more points of vulnerability where somebody
-# | might have patented something already. We have to walk a long distance
-# | through the mine field, whereas they they only have to walk a few feet
-# | through the minefield. So it's much more of a dangerous system for us.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Another way to look at it is that because we can — a few of us can "
-#| "— make a much bigger system, there are many more points of "
-#| "vulnerability where somebody might have patented something already. We "
-#| "have to walk a long distance through the mine field, whereas they they "
-#| "only have to walk a few feet through the minefield. So it's much more of "
-#| "a dangerous system for us."
msgid ""
"Another way to look at it is that because we can—a few of us can—"
"make a much bigger system, there are many more points of vulnerability where "
@@ -2143,26 +1868,6 @@
msgstr "РазвиÑие пÑогÑамм ÑоÑмозиÑÑÑ
паÑенÑами на пÑогÑаммÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now, you have to realize that the ostensible purpose of the patent system
-# | is to promote progress. This is something that is often forgotten because
-# | the companies that benefit from patents like to distract you from it.
-# | They like to give you the idea that patents exist because they deserve
-# | special treatment. But this is not what the patent system says. The
-# | patent system says: the goal is to promote progress for society, by
-# | encouraging certain behavior like publishing new ideas; and after a
-# | [-certain — originally-] {+certain—originally+} that was
-# | fairly [-short — time,-] {+short—time,+} everyone could use
-# | them.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, you have to realize that the ostensible purpose of the patent system "
-#| "is to promote progress. This is something that is often forgotten "
-#| "because the companies that benefit from patents like to distract you from "
-#| "it. They like to give you the idea that patents exist because they "
-#| "deserve special treatment. But this is not what the patent system says. "
-#| "The patent system says: the goal is to promote progress for society, by "
-#| "encouraging certain behavior like publishing new ideas; and after a "
-#| "certain — originally that was fairly short — time, everyone "
-#| "could use them."
msgid ""
"Now, you have to realize that the ostensible purpose of the patent system is "
"to promote progress. This is something that is often forgotten because the "
@@ -2217,29 +1922,6 @@
"пÑогÑаммÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | They knew that publishing the ideas would get them credit from the
-# | community, and meanwhile anybody else who wanted to compete with them
-# | would still have to write a program, which is the big job. So they
-# | typically kept the details of the program [-secret — of-]
-# | {+secret—of+} course some of us think that's wrong, but that's a
-# | different issue. They kept the details of the program secret and they
-# | published the ideas, and meanwhile the software [-development —
-# | because-] {+development—because+} software development was going
-# | [-on — That-] {+on—That+} provided the field with a steady
-# | stream of ideas, so ideas were not the limiting factor. The limiting
-# | factor was the job of writing programs that would work and that people
-# | would like using.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "They knew that publishing the ideas would get them credit from the "
-#| "community, and meanwhile anybody else who wanted to compete with them "
-#| "would still have to write a program, which is the big job. So they "
-#| "typically kept the details of the program secret — of course some "
-#| "of us think that's wrong, but that's a different issue. They kept the "
-#| "details of the program secret and they published the ideas, and meanwhile "
-#| "the software development — because software development was going "
-#| "on — That provided the field with a steady stream of ideas, so "
-#| "ideas were not the limiting factor. The limiting factor was the job of "
-#| "writing programs that would work and that people would like using."
msgid ""
"They knew that publishing the ideas would get them credit from the "
"community, and meanwhile anybody else who wanted to compete with them would "
@@ -2264,30 +1946,6 @@
"Ð±Ñ Ð¸ коÑоÑÑми лÑдÑм нÑавилоÑÑ Ð±Ñ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | So, in effect, applying the patent system to software focuses on
-# | facilitating a thing which is not the limiting factor, while causing
-# | trouble for the thing which is the limiting factor. You see the software
-# | patents encourage somebody to have an idea, but at the same time they
-# | encourage people to restrict its use, so in fact we are actually worse off
-# | now in terms of having ideas we could use, because in the past people had
-# | the ideas and published them and we could use them, and now they have the
-# | ideas and patent them and we can't use them for twenty years. In the mean
-# | time, the real limiting [-factor — which-] {+factor—which+} is
-# | developing the [-programs — this-] {+programs—this+} is
-# | hampered by software patents because of other dangers that I explained to
-# | you in the first half of this talk.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So, in effect, applying the patent system to software focuses on "
-#| "facilitating a thing which is not the limiting factor, while causing "
-#| "trouble for the thing which is the limiting factor. You see the software "
-#| "patents encourage somebody to have an idea, but at the same time they "
-#| "encourage people to restrict its use, so in fact we are actually worse "
-#| "off now in terms of having ideas we could use, because in the past people "
-#| "had the ideas and published them and we could use them, and now they have "
-#| "the ideas and patent them and we can't use them for twenty years. In the "
-#| "mean time, the real limiting factor — which is developing the "
-#| "programs — this is hampered by software patents because of other "
-#| "dangers that I explained to you in the first half of this talk."
msgid ""
"So, in effect, applying the patent system to software focuses on "
"facilitating a thing which is not the limiting factor, while causing trouble "
@@ -2393,22 +2051,6 @@
"паÑенÑное бÑÑо ÑеÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо не
оÑевидно."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | But there is a different criterion that can be used, a slightly different
-# | place to draw the line that still does a reasonable job, and that is
-# | between processes that transform matter in a specific way, and processes
-# | where the result is just calculation and display of information, or a
-# | combination of data processing and display [-steps — or-]
-# | {+steps—or+} others have put it as: mental steps being carried out
-# | by equipment. There are various ways of formulating this, which are more
-# | or less equivalent.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But there is a different criterion that can be used, a slightly different "
-#| "place to draw the line that still does a reasonable job, and that is "
-#| "between processes that transform matter in a specific way, and processes "
-#| "where the result is just calculation and display of information, or a "
-#| "combination of data processing and display steps — or others have "
-#| "put it as: mental steps being carried out by equipment. There are "
-#| "various ways of formulating this, which are more or less equivalent."
msgid ""
"But there is a different criterion that can be used, a slightly different "
"place to draw the line that still does a reasonable job, and that is between "
@@ -2503,23 +2145,6 @@
"ÑÑÑанаÑ
."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now, one of the tremendous dangers facing most countries today is the
-# | World Trade Organization, which sets up a system of corporate regulated
-# | [-trade — not-] {+trade—not+} free trade as its proponents
-# | like to call it, but corporate regulated trade. It replaces the
-# | regulation of trade by governments, that are somewhat democratic and might
-# | listen to the interest of their citizens, with regulation of trade by
-# | businesses, which don't pretend to listen to the citizens. So it's
-# | fundamentally antidemocratic and ought to be abolished.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, one of the tremendous dangers facing most countries today is the "
-#| "World Trade Organization, which sets up a system of corporate regulated "
-#| "trade — not free trade as its proponents like to call it, but "
-#| "corporate regulated trade. It replaces the regulation of trade by "
-#| "governments, that are somewhat democratic and might listen to the "
-#| "interest of their citizens, with regulation of trade by businesses, which "
-#| "don't pretend to listen to the citizens. So it's fundamentally "
-#| "antidemocratic and ought to be abolished."
msgid ""
"Now, one of the tremendous dangers facing most countries today is the World "
"Trade Organization, which sets up a system of corporate regulated "
@@ -2703,28 +2328,6 @@
"ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ пÑименÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²
ÑÑой ÑÑÑане."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Now, if you in India are developing a program for use in the US, you may
-# | face the [-problem — or-] {+problem—or+} at least your client
-# | will face the [-problem — of-] {+problem—of+} US software
-# | patents. At least probably you can't get sued here. The client who
-# | commissioned the program and tries to use it might get sued in the US, and
-# | indeed you will have to deal with the [-problem — the-]
-# | {+problem—the+} US's [-problems — when-]
-# | {+problems—when+} you try doing business in the US. But at least
-# | you'll be safe here. You know, at least it is a big difference between
-# | your client got sued because your client told you to make a product and
-# | that product is patented, versus you get sued for making that product.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, if you in India are developing a program for use in the US, you may "
-#| "face the problem — or at least your client will face the problem "
-#| "— of US software patents. At least probably you can't get sued "
-#| "here. The client who commissioned the program and tries to use it might "
-#| "get sued in the US, and indeed you will have to deal with the problem "
-#| "— the US's problems — when you try doing business in the US. "
-#| "But at least you'll be safe here. You know, at least it is a big "
-#| "difference between your client got sued because your client told you to "
-#| "make a product and that product is patented, versus you get sued for "
-#| "making that product."
msgid ""
"Now, if you in India are developing a program for use in the US, you may "
"face the problem—or at least your client will face the problem—"
@@ -2918,16 +2521,6 @@
"org <a href=\"#Note1\" id=\"Note1-rev\">[1]</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Please talk with all executives of [-businesses — any-]
-# | {+businesses—any+} kind of [-businesses — about-]
-# | {+businesses—about+} this issue. Make sure they understand the
-# | extent of the problems they face, and that they think of going to business
-# | organizations to have them lobby against software patents.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please talk with all executives of businesses — any kind of "
-#| "businesses — about this issue. Make sure they understand the "
-#| "extent of the problems they face, and that they think of going to "
-#| "business organizations to have them lobby against software patents."
msgid ""
"Please talk with all executives of businesses—any kind of "
"businesses—about this issue. Make sure they understand the extent of "
@@ -3083,8 +2676,6 @@
"ÑаÑÑÑждали Ñ ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо
говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | <b>Q</b>: So was it not the realization that[- -]…
-#| msgid "<b>Q</b>: So was it not the realization that …"
msgid "<b>Q</b>: So was it not the realization that…"
msgstr "Так не бÑло ли ÑÑо оÑознанием Ñого,
ÑÑо..."
@@ -3148,11 +2739,6 @@
"вопÑоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ паÑенÑам на пÑогÑаммÑ."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | <b>Q</b>: Sir I have a question about software patents, the thing is that
-# | how can one protect where there is a functional element[- -]…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>Q</b>: Sir I have a question about software patents, the thing is that "
-#| "how can one protect where there is a functional element …"
msgid ""
"<b>Q</b>: Sir I have a question about software patents, the thing is that "
"how can one protect where there is a functional element…"
@@ -3181,8 +2767,6 @@
msgstr "ÐаÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñего? ÐÑо-Ñо пÑÐ¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ñ
пиÑÑолеÑом?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | <b>Q</b>: No Sir[- -]…
-#| msgid "<b>Q</b>: No Sir …"
msgid "<b>Q</b>: No Sir…"
msgstr "ÐеÑ, ÑÑÑ..."
@@ -3267,8 +2851,6 @@
"ÑеÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð³Ñаждан
<em>вообÑе</em>."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd><p>
-# | <b>Audience</b>: [-[applause]-] {+<span>[applause]</span>+}
-#| msgid "<b>Audience</b>: [applause]"
msgid "<b>Audience</b>: <span>[applause]</span>"
msgstr "<b>ÐÑдиÑоÑиÑ</b>: <span>[аплодиÑменÑÑ]"
@@ -3456,25 +3038,6 @@
"— “заÑиÑиÑÑ ÑÑÑд”,
“инÑеллекÑÑалÑнÑй ÑÑÑд”?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: No! No, you are totally wrong, you are totally wrong. The
-# | purpose of… You have been brainwashed, you have been listening to
-# | the propaganda of the companies that want to have these monopolies. If
-# | you ask what legal scholars say is the basis of these systems, they say
-# | that they are [-attempts — for-] {+attempts—for+} copyrights
-# | and for patents —[- -]they are attempts to manipulate the behavior
-# | of people to get benefit for the public. Trademarks are a different
-# | issue, I think the issues for trademark are completely different. So you
-# | are making an overgeneralization also.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: No! No, you are totally wrong, you are totally wrong. The "
-#| "purpose of… You have been brainwashed, you have been listening to "
-#| "the propaganda of the companies that want to have these monopolies. If "
-#| "you ask what legal scholars say is the basis of these systems, they say "
-#| "that they are attempts — for copyrights and for patents — "
-#| "they are attempts to manipulate the behavior of people to get benefit for "
-#| "the public. Trademarks are a different issue, I think the issues for "
-#| "trademark are completely different. So you are making an "
-#| "overgeneralization also."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: No! No, you are totally wrong, you are totally wrong. The purpose "
"of… You have been brainwashed, you have been listening to the "
@@ -3539,33 +3102,6 @@
"ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑÑ, ÑоÑно Ñак же, как
инÑеллекÑÑалÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑÑ?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Physical property can only be in one place at a time. You know,
-# | only one person can sit in a chair at a time in the normal way.
-# | [-[Applause]-] {+<span>[Applause]</span>+} You know these are totally
-# | different issues. You know, trying to generalize to the utmost is a
-# | foolish thing to do. We're dealing with complicated laws that have many,
-# | many, many complicated details and you are asking us to ignore all these
-# | details. We're dealing with laws that have complicated effects in various
-# | fields and you are asking us to ignore the details of their effects.
-# | Don't bother judging… I think that if we are talking about a public
-# | policy issue, we've got to look at the actual results of the policy, not
-# | some myth as to what results a certain ideology would predict. I'm
-# | telling you the real results, I'm telling you what I have seen and what
-# | other programmers have seen.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Physical property can only be in one place at a time. You "
-#| "know, only one person can sit in a chair at a time in the normal way. "
-#| "[Applause] You know these are totally different issues. You know, trying "
-#| "to generalize to the utmost is a foolish thing to do. We're dealing with "
-#| "complicated laws that have many, many, many complicated details and you "
-#| "are asking us to ignore all these details. We're dealing with laws that "
-#| "have complicated effects in various fields and you are asking us to "
-#| "ignore the details of their effects. Don't bother judging… I "
-#| "think that if we are talking about a public policy issue, we've got to "
-#| "look at the actual results of the policy, not some myth as to what "
-#| "results a certain ideology would predict. I'm telling you the real "
-#| "results, I'm telling you what I have seen and what other programmers have "
-#| "seen."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Physical property can only be in one place at a time. You know, "
"only one person can sit in a chair at a time in the normal way. <span>"
@@ -3582,17 +3118,17 @@
msgstr ""
"ФизиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
одновÑеменно ÑолÑко в одном меÑÑе. "
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#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
msgid "<b>Q</b>: Sir, what about the LZW patent? Is it…"
@@ -4032,23 +3568,6 @@
msgstr "РеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ²ÑопейÑкого ÑообÑеÑÑва по
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ..."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Not yet. In fact, the European Commission itself is divided.
-# | One of the [-agencies — the-] {+agencies—the+} one which
-# | unfortunately is the lead agency on this [-issue — has-]
-# | {+issue—has+} been won over by the multinationals and is in favor of
-# | software patents, and then the agency that tries to encourage software
-# | development is against them, and so they're trying to work against it. So
-# | if there is somebody who wants to get in touch with the official in charge
-# | of the agency that is opposed to software patents, I can put them in touch.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Not yet. In fact, the European Commission itself is divided. "
-#| "One of the agencies — the one which unfortunately is the lead "
-#| "agency on this issue — has been won over by the multinationals and "
-#| "is in favor of software patents, and then the agency that tries to "
-#| "encourage software development is against them, and so they're trying to "
-#| "work against it. So if there is somebody who wants to get in touch with "
-#| "the official in charge of the agency that is opposed to software patents, "
-#| "I can put them in touch."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Not yet. In fact, the European Commission itself is divided. One "
"of the agencies—the one which unfortunately is the lead agency on this "
@@ -4219,19 +3738,6 @@
"поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо нам ÑÑо не позволено."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd><p>
-# | Now we collected examples of this, and we are looking for people to write
-# | them [-up — you-] {+up—you+} know, to look at each example and
-# | investigate it fully and write down a clear description of what happened
-# | and what the harm was and so on. We have had trouble finding people to do
-# | this. We're looking for more. So someone who is really good at writing
-# | clear English might want to volunteer for this.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now we collected examples of this, and we are looking for people to write "
-#| "them up — you know, to look at each example and investigate it "
-#| "fully and write down a clear description of what happened and what the "
-#| "harm was and so on. We have had trouble finding people to do this. "
-#| "We're looking for more. So someone who is really good at writing clear "
-#| "English might want to volunteer for this."
msgid ""
"Now we collected examples of this, and we are looking for people to write "
"them up—you know, to look at each example and investigate it fully and "
@@ -4499,21 +4005,10 @@
msgstr "ÐÑÑÑ ÐµÑе вопÑоÑÑ?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | [-<b>A</b>: Well…-]{+<b>Q</b>: […]+}
-#| msgid "<b>A</b>: Well…"
msgid "<b>Q</b>: […]"
msgstr "[...]"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: I can't hear you at all, I'm sorry [-[...]-] {+[…]+}
-# | whispering. I'm a little bit hard of hearing, and when you combine that
-# | with the noise of the fans, and with the unusual accent, all three of
-# | those things together make very hard for me to make out the words.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: I can't hear you at all, I'm sorry [...] whispering. I'm a "
-#| "little bit hard of hearing, and when you combine that with the noise of "
-#| "the fans, and with the unusual accent, all three of those things together "
-#| "make very hard for me to make out the words."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: I can't hear you at all, I'm sorry […] whispering. I'm a "
"little bit hard of hearing, and when you combine that with the noise of the "
@@ -4525,21 +4020,6 @@
"вмеÑÑе пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо мне оÑенÑ
ÑÑÑдно ÑазбиÑаÑÑ Ñлова."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | <b>Q</b>: This question is not about patent or copyright or anything like
-# | that. But this is one example what you said [-about — if-]
-# | {+about—if+} statement and while [-statement — that-]
-# | {+statement—that+} you said something about the differences in the
-# | field of computer science and differences with other sciences, that is
-# | other engineering sciences. You said that if I change something in the if
-# | loop that's if statement, there won't be any effect, that you said…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>Q</b>: This question is not about patent or copyright or anything like "
-#| "that. But this is one example what you said about — if statement "
-#| "and while statement — that you said something about the differences "
-#| "in the field of computer science and differences with other sciences, "
-#| "that is other engineering sciences. You said that if I change something "
-#| "in the if loop that's if statement, there won't be any effect, that you "
-#| "said…"
msgid ""
"<b>Q</b>: This question is not about patent or copyright or anything like "
"that. But this is one example what you said about—if statement and "
@@ -4643,18 +4123,6 @@
msgstr "СÑÑ, можеÑе Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¾ÑенкÑ
коммеÑÑеÑким диÑÑÑибÑÑивам?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Well, you asked me to comment on the commercial distribution of
-# | GNU/Linux systems? Well, I think that's fine. That's one of the freedoms
-# | that free software gives [-you — the-] {+you—the+} freedom to
-# | use it in business, the freedom to distribute it as part of a business,
-# | the freedom to sell copies in exchange for money. These are all
-# | legitimate.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Well, you asked me to comment on the commercial distribution of "
-#| "GNU/Linux systems? Well, I think that's fine. That's one of the freedoms "
-#| "that free software gives you — the freedom to use it in business, "
-#| "the freedom to distribute it as part of a business, the freedom to sell "
-#| "copies in exchange for money. These are all legitimate."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Well, you asked me to comment on the commercial distribution of "
"GNU/Linux systems? Well, I think that's fine. That's one of the freedoms "
@@ -4681,21 +4149,6 @@
msgstr "То еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑановки?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Yeah, any nonfree software. Because the goal was: you should be
-# | able to get a completely free operating system. Well, if they have a
-# | thing in a store which says I'm the GNU/Linux system[- -]— of course
-# | it says [-Linux — but-] {+Linux—but+} inside of it there are
-# | some nonfree programs, now you're not getting something that is entirely
-# | free anymore. It doesn't entirely respect your freedom. So the real goal
-# | for which we wrote the system is being lost.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Yeah, any nonfree software. Because the goal was: you should "
-#| "be able to get a completely free operating system. Well, if they have a "
-#| "thing in a store which says I'm the GNU/Linux system — of course it "
-#| "says Linux — but inside of it there are some nonfree programs, now "
-#| "you're not getting something that is entirely free anymore. It doesn't "
-#| "entirely respect your freedom. So the real goal for which we wrote the "
-#| "system is being lost."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Yeah, any nonfree software. Because the goal was: you should be "
"able to get a completely free operating system. Well, if they have a thing "
@@ -4788,27 +4241,6 @@
"вÑе бÑли пÑогÑаммиÑÑами. ÐÑо бÑло одно
конкÑеÑное ÑообÑеÑÑво. ÐÑодолжайÑе."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dt>
-# | <b>Q</b>: Yes sir. In that context, I feel particularly, me as such, I
-# | feel very hurt when I see the so-called interaction among programmers
-# | today. Because many of us are very good programmers, but we look at each
-# | other in different colors depending upon the tools we use[- -]—
-# | “hey, he's a windows guy,” “hey, he's a GNU/Linux
-# | guy,” “hey, he's into Solaris systems,” “he's a
-# | network programmer.” And unfortunately most of this prejudice comes
-# | from a lot of misinterpretation out of things like this. None of these
-# | people promote free software as such, and it hurts me as a programmer and
-# | many of my colleagues, and I work in an environment…
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>Q</b>: Yes sir. In that context, I feel particularly, me as such, I "
-#| "feel very hurt when I see the so-called interaction among programmers "
-#| "today. Because many of us are very good programmers, but we look at each "
-#| "other in different colors depending upon the tools we use — “"
-#| "hey, he's a windows guy,” “hey, he's a GNU/Linux guy,” "
-#| "“hey, he's into Solaris systems,” “he's a network "
-#| "programmer.” And unfortunately most of this prejudice comes from a "
-#| "lot of misinterpretation out of things like this. None of these people "
-#| "promote free software as such, and it hurts me as a programmer and many "
-#| "of my colleagues, and I work in an environment…"
msgid ""
"<b>Q</b>: Yes sir. In that context, I feel particularly, me as such, I feel "
"very hurt when I see the so-called interaction among programmers today. "
@@ -4906,23 +4338,6 @@
"опеÑаÑионнÑми ÑиÑÑемами, в Ðндии, по
кÑайней меÑе."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Well, in that case, though, it's not just a prejudice, you see.
-# | Windows is a system, a social system, that keeps people helpless and
-# | divided [-[applause],-] {+<span>[applause]</span>,+} whereas GNU/Linux is
-# | an alternative that was created specifically to liberate people and to
-# | encourage them to cooperate. So to some extent, this is not like:
-# | “where you born in this country or that country?” No, this is
-# | like your choice of politics. And it does make sense to criticize people
-# | for their choices about important issues.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Well, in that case, though, it's not just a prejudice, you "
-#| "see. Windows is a system, a social system, that keeps people helpless "
-#| "and divided [applause], whereas GNU/Linux is an alternative that was "
-#| "created specifically to liberate people and to encourage them to "
-#| "cooperate. So to some extent, this is not like: “where you born in "
-#| "this country or that country?” No, this is like your choice of "
-#| "politics. And it does make sense to criticize people for their choices "
-#| "about important issues."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Well, in that case, though, it's not just a prejudice, you see. "
"Windows is a system, a social system, that keeps people helpless and divided "
@@ -4934,12 +4349,13 @@
msgstr ""
"ÐÑ, Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ, в ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае ÑÑо не
пÑоÑÑо пÑедвзÑÑое оÑноÑение, "
"понимаеÑе ли. Windows — ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема,
обÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема, "
-"благодаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой лÑди оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
беÑпомоÑнÑми и ÑазобÑеннÑми
<span>[аплодиÑменÑÑ]</span>, "
-"в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº GNU/Linux — ÑÑо
алÑÑеÑнаÑива, ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑпеÑиалÑно "
-"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñдей и пооÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
к
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвÑ. Так ÑÑо до некоÑоÑой "
-"ÑÑепени ÑÑо не Ñо же Ñамое, ÑÑо “оÑкÑда
ÑÑ, из ÑÑой ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ из Ñой "
-"ÑÑÑанÑ?” ÐеÑ, ÑÑо поÑ
оже на
полиÑиÑеÑкий вÑбоÑ. РкÑиÑиковаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей за "
-"иÑ
вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ
вопÑоÑов
дейÑÑвиÑелÑно Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл."
+"благодаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой лÑди оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
беÑпомоÑнÑми и ÑазобÑеннÑми <span>"
+"[аплодиÑменÑÑ]</span>, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
GNU/Linux — ÑÑо "
+"алÑÑеÑнаÑива, ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑпеÑиалÑно длÑ
оÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñдей и пооÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
к "
+"ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвÑ. Так ÑÑо до некоÑоÑой
ÑÑепени ÑÑо не Ñо же Ñамое, ÑÑо “"
+"оÑкÑда ÑÑ, из ÑÑой ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ из Ñой
ÑÑÑанÑ?” ÐеÑ, ÑÑо поÑ
оже на "
+"полиÑиÑеÑкий вÑбоÑ. РкÑиÑиковаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей
за иÑ
вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ
"
+"вопÑоÑов дейÑÑвиÑелÑно Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
@@ -5057,24 +4473,6 @@
"возникнÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ñем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи Ñо,
ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
болÑÑе вÑего подÑ
одиÑ?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Practical experience is that this is not a problem. And
-# | occasionally it happens, but not very often. Now, you see, the reason is
-# | that the users want interoperability and with free software the users are
-# | ultimately in control, and what they want they tend to get. The free
-# | software developers realize that they had [-better — if-]
-# | {+better—if+} they are going to make incompatible changes they are
-# | likely to make users unhappy and their versions are not going to be used.
-# | So they generally draw the obvious conclusion and pay a lot of attention
-# | to interoperability.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Practical experience is that this is not a problem. And "
-#| "occasionally it happens, but not very often. Now, you see, the reason is "
-#| "that the users want interoperability and with free software the users are "
-#| "ultimately in control, and what they want they tend to get. The free "
-#| "software developers realize that they had better — if they are "
-#| "going to make incompatible changes they are likely to make users unhappy "
-#| "and their versions are not going to be used. So they generally draw the "
-#| "obvious conclusion and pay a lot of attention to interoperability."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Practical experience is that this is not a problem. And "
"occasionally it happens, but not very often. Now, you see, the reason is "
@@ -5108,29 +4506,6 @@
"лÑÑÑей веÑÑией, Ñак ÑÑо не дÑмаеÑе..."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: In general you are not going be finding a better version every
-# | day and the reason is that typically for any given program, there is
-# | usually only one version that is widely used. Maybe there will be two,
-# | once in a while there will be [-three — when-] {+three—when+}
-# | there is no good maintainer that might happen. So you are just not going
-# | to keep finding out about more versions that are good every day; there
-# | aren't so many. There won't be that many popular versions. There is one
-# | situation where you can get a new version every day. That is when there
-# | is one team doing a lot of work on development then every day you can get
-# | their latest version. That you can do. But that's only one version at
-# | any given time.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: In general you are not going be finding a better version every "
-#| "day and the reason is that typically for any given program, there is "
-#| "usually only one version that is widely used. Maybe there will be two, "
-#| "once in a while there will be three — when there is no good "
-#| "maintainer that might happen. So you are just not going to keep finding "
-#| "out about more versions that are good every day; there aren't so many. "
-#| "There won't be that many popular versions. There is one situation where "
-#| "you can get a new version every day. That is when there is one team "
-#| "doing a lot of work on development then every day you can get their "
-#| "latest version. That you can do. But that's only one version at any "
-#| "given time."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: In general you are not going be finding a better version every day "
"and the reason is that typically for any given program, there is usually "
@@ -5270,28 +4645,6 @@
"внеÑÑ ÑÑо в ФСÐÐ, а Ð²Ñ Ð±ÑдеÑе поддеÑживаÑÑ
ÑÑо за менÑ?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Well, not the FSF. It would be a separate specialized
-# | organization that would exist specifically, so that we would all
-# | contribute our patents and the organization would use all of these patents
-# | to shelter anyone who wishes shelter. So anyone can join the
-# | organization, even somebody who has no patents. And that person gets the
-# | shelter of this organization. But then we all do try to get patents so as
-# | to make the organization stronger so it can protect us all better. That's
-# | the idea, but so far no one has been able to get this started. It's not
-# | an easy thing to do, and part of the reason is that applying for a patent
-# | is very [-expensive — and-] {+expensive—and+} a lot of work as
-# | well.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Well, not the FSF. It would be a separate specialized "
-#| "organization that would exist specifically, so that we would all "
-#| "contribute our patents and the organization would use all of these "
-#| "patents to shelter anyone who wishes shelter. So anyone can join the "
-#| "organization, even somebody who has no patents. And that person gets the "
-#| "shelter of this organization. But then we all do try to get patents so "
-#| "as to make the organization stronger so it can protect us all better. "
-#| "That's the idea, but so far no one has been able to get this started. "
-#| "It's not an easy thing to do, and part of the reason is that applying for "
-#| "a patent is very expensive — and a lot of work as well."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Well, not the FSF. It would be a separate specialized "
"organization that would exist specifically, so that we would all contribute "
@@ -5327,25 +4680,6 @@
"ÑобÑÑвеннÑй диÑÑÑибÑÑив?"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><dl><dd>
-# | <b>A</b>: Oh well, the reason is that Debian is almost what we want, and
-# | it seems better to be friends with Debian and try to convince them to
-# | change it a little, rather than say “well, we are not going to use
-# | it; we are going to make our own thing.” And also it seems likely to
-# | be more successful too because, after all, there are a lot of people
-# | working on Debian already. Why try to make an alternative to that large
-# | community. Much better to work with them and convince them to support our
-# | goals [-better — if-] {+better—if+} it works, of course, and
-# | we have our ways to go on that.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>A</b>: Oh well, the reason is that Debian is almost what we want, and "
-#| "it seems better to be friends with Debian and try to convince them to "
-#| "change it a little, rather than say “well, we are not going to use "
-#| "it; we are going to make our own thing.” And also it seems likely "
-#| "to be more successful too because, after all, there are a lot of people "
-#| "working on Debian already. Why try to make an alternative to that large "
-#| "community. Much better to work with them and convince them to support "
-#| "our goals better — if it works, of course, and we have our ways to "
-#| "go on that."
msgid ""
"<b>A</b>: Oh well, the reason is that Debian is almost what we want, and it "
"seems better to be friends with Debian and try to convince them to change it "
@@ -5399,13 +4733,6 @@
"зааÑÑ
ивиÑована</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | For more information about the problem of software patents, see also our
-# | <a [-href=\"http://endsoftpatents.org\";>End-]
-# | {+href=\"https://endsoftwarepatents.org\";>End+} Software Patents</a>
-# | campaign.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For more information about the problem of software patents, see also our "
-#| "<a href=\"http://endsoftpatents.org\";>End Software Patents</a> campaign."
msgid ""
"For more information about the problem of software patents, see also our <a "
"href=\"https://endsoftwarepatents.org\";>End Software Patents</a> campaign."
@@ -5446,11 +4773,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -5464,9 +4786,6 @@
"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © [-2014, 2015, 2016-] {+2001, 2012, 2021+} Free Software
-# | Foundation, Inc.
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2012, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2001, 2012, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/planetfeeds.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/planetfeeds.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1899
retrieving revision 1.1900
diff -u -b -r1.1899 -r1.1900
--- po/planetfeeds.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:30 -0000 1.1899
+++ po/planetfeeds.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000 1.1900
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-13 13:57+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <p><a>
msgid ""
@@ -35,23 +34,12 @@
msgstr "</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-Texinfo 6.8-]{+Bison 3.8.1+} released
-#| msgid "Texinfo 6.8 released"
msgid "Bison 3.8.1 released"
msgstr "ÐÑÑел Bison 3.8.1"
#. TRANSLATORS:
#. http://savannah.gnu.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=10047
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | : [-I am-] {+I'm+} very [-happy-] {+pleased+} to announce the release
-# | of Bison [-3.7,-] {+3.8(.1),+} whose main [-novelty, contributed by
-# | Vincent Imbimbo,-] {+novelty+} is the [-generation of counterexamples-]
-# | {+D backend+} for [-conflicts. For instance...-] {+deterministic parsers,
-# | contributed by Adela Vais. It supports all...+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| ": I am very happy to announce the release of Bison 3.7, whose main "
-#| "novelty, contributed by Vincent Imbimbo, is the generation of "
-#| "counterexamples for conflicts. For instance..."
msgid ""
": I'm very pleased to announce the release of Bison 3.8(.1), whose main "
"novelty is the D backend for deterministic parsers, contributed by Adela "
@@ -67,13 +55,6 @@
#. TRANSLATORS:
#. https://anastasis.lu/en/news/news/2021-09.html
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | : GNU Anastasis is a Free Software protocol and implementation that{+
-# | +}allows users to securely deposit core secrets with an open set of{+
-# | +}escrow providers and to [-recove...-] {+reco...+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| ": GNU Anastasis is a Free Software protocol and implementation thatallows "
-#| "users to securely deposit core secrets with an open set ofescrow "
-#| "providers and to recove..."
msgid ""
": GNU Anastasis is a Free Software protocol and implementation that allows "
"users to securely deposit core secrets with an open set of escrow providers "
Index: proprietary/po/all.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/all.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
--- proprietary/po/all.ru.po 15 Sep 2021 06:03:44 -0000 1.52
+++ proprietary/po/all.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000 1.53
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@
"video-feeds/\">are exploited by a security vulnerability that could give "
"attackers access to live feeds</a>."
msgstr ""
+"РазлиÑнÑе модели ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸
наблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° гÑÑднÑми деÑÑми, ÑабоÑаÑÑими
"
+"под ÑпÑавлением неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, <a
href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/";
+"kalay-iot-bug-video-feeds/\">ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑзвимоÑÑÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ "
+"злоÑмÑÑленникам полÑÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑп к
видеопоÑокÑ</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.318
retrieving revision 1.319
diff -u -b -r1.318 -r1.319
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.ru.po 15 Sep 2021 06:03:46 -0000
1.318
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000
1.319
@@ -144,6 +144,10 @@
"video-feeds/\">are exploited by a security vulnerability that could give "
"attackers access to live feeds</a>."
msgstr ""
+"РазлиÑнÑе модели ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸
наблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° гÑÑднÑми деÑÑми, ÑабоÑаÑÑими
"
+"под ÑпÑавлением неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, <a
href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/";
+"kalay-iot-bug-video-feeds/\">ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑзвимоÑÑÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ "
+"злоÑмÑÑленникам полÑÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑп к
видеопоÑокÑ</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.549
retrieving revision 1.550
diff -u -b -r1.549 -r1.550
--- proprietary/po/proprietary.ru.po 15 Sep 2021 06:03:46 -0000 1.549
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000 1.550
@@ -346,6 +346,10 @@
"video-feeds/\">are exploited by a security vulnerability that could give "
"attackers access to live feeds</a>."
msgstr ""
+"РазлиÑнÑе модели ÐºÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¸
наблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° гÑÑднÑми деÑÑми, ÑабоÑаÑÑими
"
+"под ÑпÑавлением неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, <a
href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/";
+"kalay-iot-bug-video-feeds/\">ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑзвимоÑÑÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ "
+"злоÑмÑÑленникам полÑÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑп к
видеопоÑокÑ</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
msgid ""
Index: server/home-pkgblurbs.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/home-pkgblurbs.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.176
retrieving revision 1.177
diff -u -b -r1.176 -r1.177
--- server/home-pkgblurbs.ru.html 14 Sep 2021 01:04:08 -0000 1.176
+++ server/home-pkgblurbs.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000 1.177
@@ -677,12 +677,13 @@
<a href="/software/dia/">Dia</a></h4>
<p>
<!-- TRANSLATORS: stale -->
-Dia is a GNU program for drawing diagrams. It is a versatile diagramming
-tool with a modular design that allows development of custom shape packages
-for drawing various kinds of diagrams by writing XML files, and has support
-for UML diagrams, flowcharts, network diagrams, circuit diagrams, and many
-more. Dia can export diagrams to a number of formats, including EPS, SVG,
-PNG, and more. <small>(<a href="/manual/manual.html#dia">doc</a>)</small></p>
+Dia — пÑогÑамма GNU Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑованиÑ
диагÑамм. ÐÑо гибкое ÑÑедÑÑво
+поÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³Ñамм Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑлÑной аÑÑ
иÑекÑÑÑой, позволÑÑÑей ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ
+пакеÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑоÑм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
видов диагÑамм запиÑÑÑ Ð² ÑайлÑ
+XML. Ð dia еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжка диагÑамм UML,
алгоÑиÑмов, ÑеÑевÑÑ
диагÑамм,
+ÑлекÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
ÑÑ
ем и многого дÑÑгого. Dia
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑкÑпоÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²
+ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ, в Ñом ÑиÑле EPS, SVG, PNG и
дÑÑгие. <small>(<a
+href="/manual/manual.html#dia">док</a>)</small></p>
<!--#endif -->
<!--#if expr="$pkg_selection = /:(dico|ALL):/" -->
Index: server/po/home-pkgblurbs.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/home-pkgblurbs.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.250
retrieving revision 1.251
diff -u -b -r1.250 -r1.251
--- server/po/home-pkgblurbs.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:30 -0000 1.250
+++ server/po/home-pkgblurbs.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000 1.251
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-14 00:57+0000\n"
#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <h4><img>
msgid "logo for 3dldf"
@@ -1180,11 +1179,11 @@
msgstr ""
"Dia — пÑогÑамма GNU Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑованиÑ
диагÑамм. ÐÑо гибкое ÑÑедÑÑво "
"поÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³Ñамм Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑлÑной аÑÑ
иÑекÑÑÑой, позволÑÑÑей ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ "
-"пакеÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑоÑм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑоениÑ
ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
видов диагÑамм запиÑÑÑ Ð² ÑайлÑ
XML. "
-"Ð dia еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжка диагÑамм UML,
алгоÑиÑмов, ÑеÑевÑÑ
диагÑамм,
ÑлекÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
"
-"ÑÑ
ем и многого дÑÑгого. Dia можеÑ
ÑкÑпоÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² ÑазлиÑнÑе "
-"ÑоÑмаÑÑ, в Ñом ÑиÑле EPS, SVG, PNG и дÑÑгие. "
-"<small>(<a href=\"/manual/manual.html#dia\">док</a>)</small>"
+"пакеÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑоÑм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑоениÑ
ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
видов диагÑамм запиÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ "
+"XML. Ð dia еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжка диагÑамм UML,
алгоÑиÑмов, ÑеÑевÑÑ
диагÑамм, "
+"ÑлекÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
ÑÑ
ем и многого дÑÑгого. Dia
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑкÑпоÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² "
+"ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ, в Ñом ÑиÑле EPS, SVG, PNG и
дÑÑгие. <small>(<a href=\"/"
+"manual/manual.html#dia\">док</a>)</small>"
#. type: Content of: <h4>
msgid "<a href=\"/software/dico/\">Dico</a>"
Index: software/recent-releases-include.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/recent-releases-include.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2258
retrieving revision 1.2259
diff -u -b -r1.2258 -r1.2259
--- software/recent-releases-include.ru.html 13 Sep 2021 14:33:02 -0000
1.2258
+++ software/recent-releases-include.ru.html 16 Sep 2021 08:02:39 -0000
1.2259
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
<!--#set var="LINK_CLOSE" value="</a>, <i>" -->
<ul>
-<li><strong>September 13, 2021</strong>
+<li><strong>13 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ 2021</strong>
<ul>
<li><!--#set var="LINK"
value='<a href="//lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2021-09/msg00007.html">'
-->
<!--#echo
encoding="none" var="LINK" -->
-GDB 11.1 released!<!--#echo
+ÐÑпÑÑен GDB 11.1<!--#echo
encoding="none" var="LINK_CLOSE" -->
ÐжоÑл ÐÑобекеÑ<!--#set
var="TIME" value="</i>, 10:08" -->
Index: software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3195
retrieving revision 1.3196
diff -u -b -r1.3195 -r1.3196
--- software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 07:35:30 -0000
1.3195
+++ software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po 16 Sep 2021 08:02:40 -0000
1.3196
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-09-13 14:27+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <strong>September 1[-1-]{+3+}, 2021</strong>
-#| msgid "<strong>September 11, 2021</strong>"
msgid "<strong>September 13, 2021</strong>"
msgstr "<strong>13 ÑенÑÑбÑÑ 2021</strong>"
@@ -27,8 +24,6 @@
#. #echo
#. encoding="none" var="LINK"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
-# | GDB [-10.2-] {+11.1+} released!
-#| msgid "GDB 10.2 released!"
msgid "GDB 11.1 released!"
msgstr "ÐÑпÑÑен GDB 11.1"
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