www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p...

www-commits
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p...

From:	GNUN
Subject:	www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p...
Date:	Tue, 14 Sep 2021 17:32:28 -0400 (EDT)
CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     21/09/14 17:32:28

Modified files:
        philosophy     : europes-unitary-patent.fr.html 
                         free-hardware-designs.fr.html 
                         free-software-rocket.fr.html 
                         greve-clown.fr.html hackathons.fr.html 
                         rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html 
                         rms-kol.fr.html rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html 
                         stallman-kth.fr.html stallman-mec-india.fr.html 
        philosophy/po  : europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html 
                         free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html 
                         free-software-rocket.fr-en.html 
                         greve-clown.fr-en.html hackathons.fr-en.html 
                         rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html 
                         rms-kol.fr-en.html rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html 
                         stallman-kth.fr-en.html 
                         stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html 
        philosophy/sco : questioning-sco.fr.html 
        philosophy/sco/po: questioning-sco.fr-en.html 
        server         : sitemap.fr.html 
        server/po      : sitemap.fr-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-rocket.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/hackathons.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.63&r2=1.64
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/sitemap.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.540&r2=1.541
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/sitemap.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.339&r2=1.340

Patches:
Index: philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html   31 May 2021 21:09:09 -0000      
1.48
+++ philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html   14 Sep 2021 21:32:21 -0000      
1.49
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.en.html" 
-->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Le Â«Â brevet unitaireÂ Â» europÃ©en pourrait engendrer des brevets 
logiciels
@@ -9,31 +12,36 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Le Â«Â brevet unitaireÂ Â» europÃ©en pourrait engendrer des brevets 
logiciels
 sans limites</h2>
-<p>par Richard Stallman<br />PubliÃ© initialement dans <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>The
-Guardian</a></p>
+
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
 
 <p>Alors que l'industrie amÃ©ricaine du logiciel, comme nous l'avions prÃ©vu
 depuis longtemps, connaÃ®t en ce moment des <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>guerres
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>guerres
 tous azimuts portant sur des brevets logiciels</a>, l'Union europÃ©enne
 poursuit un projet la conduisant tout droit sur les mÃªmes traces. Tandis que
 le rapport Hargreaves presse le Royaume-Uni d'Ã©viter les brevets logiciels,
 le gouvernement britannique a d'ores et dÃ©jÃ  approuvÃ© un projet susceptible
 de les imposer.</p>
 
-<p>Les brevets logiciels sont dangereux pour les dÃ©veloppeurs, car ils 
imposent
+<p><!-- Guardian, June 23,
+2005 -->
+Les brevets logiciels sont dangereux pour les dÃ©veloppeurs, car ils imposent
 des monopoles sur des idÃ©es informatiques. Il n'est ni possible, ni sÃ»r, de
 dÃ©velopper des logiciels qui ne soient pas triviaux, si l'on doit cheminer Ã 
-travers un labyrinthe de brevets. Consultez l'article du 20Â juinÂ 2005 du
-<cite>Guardian</cite>, <i>Â«Â Software Patents and Literary PatentsÂ Â»</i>.<a
-id="TransNote1-rev" href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
+travers un labyrinthe de brevets. Consultez Â«â¯<a
+href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html">Brevets logiciels et
+brevets littÃ©raires</a>â¯Â». </p>
 
 <p>Tout programme informatique combine de nombreuses idÃ©esÂ ; un gros 
programme
 en met en Åuvre des milliers. Google a rÃ©cemment estimÃ© <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>qu'il
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>qu'il
 pourrait y avoir 250Â 000 idÃ©es brevetÃ©es dans un smartphone</a>. Je trouve
 ce chiffre plausible, car en 2004, j'estimais que le systÃ¨me d'exploitation
 GNU/Linux mettait en Åuvre prÃ¨s de 100Â 000 idÃ©es effectivement brevetÃ©es
@@ -102,7 +110,7 @@
 externes (telles que les tribunaux nationaux), l'OEB pourrait imposer les
 brevets logiciels, ou tout autre type de brevet controversÃ©. Par exemple,
 s'il choisit de dÃ©cider que les gÃ¨nes naturels sont brevetables, <a
-href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>comme
+href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>comme
 une cour d'appel des Ãtats-Unis vient de le faire</a>, personne ne pourra
 renverser cette dÃ©cision, sauf peut-Ãªtre la Cour de justice de l'Union
 europÃ©enne (CJUE), la plus haute cour en Europe.</p>
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@
 signifie que les choses empirent partout.</p>
 
 <p>Le gouvernement britannique semble vouloir le dÃ©sastre, car <a
-href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>il
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>il
 a dÃ©clarÃ© en dÃ©cembre 2010 [archivÃ©]</a> qu'il ne voulait pas que la CJUE
 ait son mot Ã  dire sur le systÃ¨me. Le gouvernement Ã©coutera-t-il Hargreaves
 et changera-t-il d'avis sur ce projetÂ ? Les Britanniques doivent insister
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@
 
 <p>Vous pouvez trouver plus d'informations sur les dÃ©fauts et les failles
 juridiques de ce projet sur <a
-href="http://unitary-patent.eu/fr/content/home";>www.brevet-unitaire.eu</a>.</p>
+href="https://unitary-patent.eu/fr/content/home";>www.brevet-unitaire.eu</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Vous remarquerez que l'expression Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelleÂ Â» n'est 
pas
 employÃ©e dans cet article. C'est parce que cette expression sÃ¨me la
@@ -152,21 +160,23 @@
 faire des gÃ©nÃ©ralisations Ã  partir de lois hÃ©tÃ©rogÃ¨nes, je n'utilise 
jamais
 l'expression Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelleÂ Â» et cela ne me manque pas.</p>
 
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>PubliÃ© initialement dans <a
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>The
+Guardian</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<hr /><b>Note du traducteur</b>Â :<ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Traduction franÃ§aise par GÃ©rald SÃ©drati-DinetÂ : <a
-href="http://www.ffii.fr/Brevets-logiciels-et-brevets.html";>Brevets
-logiciels et brevets littÃ©raires</a>. Il existe une <a
-href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html">version plus rÃ©cente de
-cet article</a>.Â <a href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li></ol></div>
+ </div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -186,7 +196,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -215,7 +225,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -227,17 +237,18 @@
 <div class="translators-credits">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-TraductionÂ : GÃ©rald SÃDRATI-DINET.<br /> RÃ©visionÂ : <a
+TraductionÂ : GÃ©rald SÃ©drati-Dinet.<br /> RÃ©visionÂ : <a
 href="mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a></div>
 
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:09 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:21 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/free-hardware-designs.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- philosophy/free-hardware-designs.fr.html    31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000      
1.24
+++ philosophy/free-hardware-designs.fr.html    14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      
1.25
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.en.html" 
-->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>MatÃ©riel libre et plans libres pour le matÃ©riel - Projet GNU - Free 
Software
@@ -9,22 +12,21 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>MatÃ©riel libre et plans libres pour le matÃ©riel</h2>
 
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
-
-<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
-     anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote>
-<p>L'essentiel de cet article a Ã©tÃ© publiÃ© en deux parties dans wired.com en
-mars 2015.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard 
Stallman</a></address>
 
+<div class="introduction">
 <p>Dans quelle mesure peut-on appliquer les idÃ©es du logiciel libre au
 matÃ©rielÂ ? Est-ce une obligation morale de rendre libres les plans de notre
 matÃ©riel, tout comme c'en est une de rendre libre notre logicielÂ ? Est-ce
 que conserver notre libertÃ© nous oblige Ã  refuser le matÃ©riel construit sur
 des plans non libresÂ ?</p>
+</div>
 
 <h3 id="definitions">DÃ©finitions</h3>
 
@@ -183,15 +185,14 @@
 
 <p>Soyez attentifs Ã  choisir des imprimantesÂ 3D fonctionnant avec du logiciel
 exclusivement libreÂ ; la Free Software Foundation <a
-href="http://fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement";>homologue de telles
-imprimantes</a>. Certaines imprimantesÂ 3D sont conÃ§ues Ã  partir de plans
-libres mais la <a
-href="http://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot
+href="https://ryf.fsf.org/";>homologue de telles imprimantes</a>. Certaines
+imprimantesÂ 3D sont conÃ§ues Ã  partir de plans libres mais la <a
+href="https://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot
 est de conception non libre</a>.</p>
 
 <h3 id="reject-nonfree">Devons-nous refuser le matÃ©riel numÃ©rique non libreÂ 
?</h3>
 
-<p>La conception non libre d'un matÃ©riel numÃ©rique <a href="#fn1">(*)</a>
+<p>La conception non libre d'un matÃ©riel numÃ©rique <a href="#fn1">[1]</a>
 engendre-t-elle une injusticeÂ ? Devons-nous, au nom de nos libertÃ©s, rejeter
 tous les matÃ©riels numÃ©riques crÃ©Ã©s Ã  partir de plans non libres, tout 
comme
 nous devons rejeter le logiciel non libreÂ ?</p>
@@ -267,12 +268,6 @@
 attendant, il n'est pas nÃ©cessaire de rejeter par principe le matÃ©riel dont
 les plans ne sont pas libres.</p>
 
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn1">* Ici, Â«Â matÃ©riel numÃ©riqueÂ Â» recouvre Ã©galement le 
matÃ©riel utilisant
-quelques circuits et composants analogiques en plus des circuits et
-composants numÃ©riques.</p>
-
 <h3 id="free-designs">Nous avons besoin de plans libres pour le matÃ©riel 
numÃ©rique</h3>
 
 <p>Bien que dans la situation actuelle nous n'ayons pas besoin de rejeter le
@@ -404,10 +399,10 @@
 chacun est libre de les fabriquer et de les utiliser (et c'est une libertÃ©
 dont nous avons grand besoin). Aux Ãtats-Unis, le copyright ne rÃ©git pas les
 aspects fonctionnels de ce que dÃ©crit le plan, mais en revanche <a
-href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>il couvre les
+href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>il couvre les
 aspects dÃ©coratifs</a>. Quand un objet a des aspects dÃ©coratifs et des
 aspects fonctionnels, on se trouve en situation dÃ©licate <a
-href="#fn2">(*)</a>.</p>
+href="#fn2">[2]</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Tout ceci est peut-Ãªtre vrai Ã©galement dans votre pays, ou non. Avant de
 produire des objets pour un usage commercial ou en grande quantitÃ©, vous
@@ -423,16 +418,6 @@
 href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelle</a>Â Â» est source 
de
 pure confusion et doit Ãªtre totalement rejetÃ©.</p>
 
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn2">* Un article de Public Knowledge donne des renseignements utiles 
sur cette
-<a
-href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>complexitÃ©</a>
-(pour ce qui est des Ãtats-Unis) bien qu'il tombe dans l'erreur commune
-consistant Ã  utiliser l'expression fallacieuse Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© 
intellectuelleÂ Â»
-et le terme de propagande Â«Â <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>Â Â».</p>
-
 <h3 id="promoting">Promotion des plans libres pour le matÃ©riel par le biais 
des dÃ©pÃ´ts</h3>
 
 <p>Pour favoriser la libertÃ© des plans de matÃ©riel, le moyen le plus efficace
@@ -461,7 +446,7 @@
 source, Ã©tant entendu que les codes sources en formats secrets utilisables
 uniquement par des logiciels privateurs de conception ne sont pas vraiment
 adÃ©quats. Pour les modÃ¨lesÂ 3D, le <a
-href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier_de_st%C3%A9r%C3%A9olithographie";>format
+href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier_de_st%C3%A9r%C3%A9olithographie";>format
 STL</a> n'est pas le format prÃ©fÃ©rÃ© pour les modifications et par 
consÃ©quent
 n'est pas du code source, aussi le dÃ©pÃ´t ne doit-il pas l'accepter, sauf
 peut-Ãªtre s'il accompagne le vrai code source.</p>
@@ -485,20 +470,45 @@
 matÃ©riel. Ce dont nous avons besoin est de reconnaÃ®tre que c'est notre
 devoir en tant que communautÃ©, et d'insister pour que nos plans soient
 libres lorsque nous fabriquons nous-mÃªme des objets.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="fn1">Ici, Â«Â matÃ©riel numÃ©riqueÂ Â» recouvre Ã©galement le 
matÃ©riel utilisant
+quelques circuits et composants analogiques en plus des circuits et
+composants numÃ©riques.</li>
+
+<li id="fn2">Un article de Public Knowledge donne des renseignements utiles 
sur cette <a
+href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>complexitÃ©</a>
+(pour ce qui est des Ãtats-Unis) bien qu'il tombe dans l'erreur commune
+consistant Ã  utiliser l'expression fallacieuse Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© 
intellectuelleÂ Â»
+et le terme de propagande Â«Â <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>Â Â».</li>
+</ol>
+
+<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
+     anti-ad-block system -->
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>L'essentiel de cet article a Ã©tÃ© publiÃ© en deux parties dans
+<cite>Wired</cite> en mars 2015.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
- <hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">En anglais, <i>free software</i>. Le mot <i>free</i> a
-deux significationsÂ : Â«Â libreÂ Â» et Â«Â gratuitÂ Â».Â <a 
href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
+<hr /><b>Note de traduction</b><ol>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+En anglais, <i>free software</i>. Le mot <i>free</i> a deux significationsÂ :
+Â«Â libreÂ Â» et Â«Â gratuitÂ Â».</li>
 </ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -518,7 +528,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -547,7 +557,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -566,7 +576,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/free-software-rocket.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-rocket.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/free-software-rocket.fr.html     31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000      
1.3
+++ philosophy/free-software-rocket.fr.html     14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      
1.4
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.en.html" 
-->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
 <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Le logiciel des fusÃ©es doit-il Ãªtre entiÃ¨rement libreÂ ? Logiciel 
libre et
@@ -10,6 +12,10 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Le logiciel des fusÃ©es doit-il Ãªtre entiÃ¨rement libreÂ ? Logiciel libre 
et
 matÃ©riel
 </h2>
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@
 non informatique consistant Ã  transporter des cargaisons, et vous pourriez
 l'utiliser de temps en tempsÂ ; ou bien vous pourriez choisir une autre
 mÃ©thode, peut-Ãªtre acheter un vaisseau spatial et l'exploiter vous-mÃªme.</p>
-
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
@@ -143,7 +149,7 @@
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -210,7 +216,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html      31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000      1.53
+++ philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html      14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      1.54
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Histoire et philosophie du projet GNU - Projet GNU - Free Software
@@ -12,34 +14,36 @@
 <!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/greve-clown.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Histoire et philosophie du projet GNU</h2>
 
 <address class="byline">Georg C. F. Greve <a 
href="mailto:greve@gnu.org";>&lt;greve@gnu.org&gt;</a></address>
 
-<p><em>Traduction d'un discours donnÃ© en allemand au CLOWN <i>(CLuster Of
-Working Nodes)</i>, un projet de grappe de 512 machines sous Debian
-GNU/Linux Ã  l'universitÃ© de Paderborn (Allemagne), le 5 dÃ©cembre 
1998.</em></p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Traduction d'un discours donnÃ© en allemand au CLOWN <i>(CLuster Of Working
+Nodes)</i>, un projet de grappe de 512 machines sous Debian GNU/Linux Ã 
+l'universitÃ© de Paderborn (Allemagne), le 5 dÃ©cembre 1998.</p>
 
-<p><em>La traduction en franÃ§ais a Ã©tÃ© faite Ã  partir de l'<a
+<p>La traduction en franÃ§ais a Ã©tÃ© faite Ã  partir de l'<a
 href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">original en allemand</a>, avec
 quelques vÃ©rifications sur la version anglaise. Reportez-vous si possible Ã 
-l'original.</em></p>
-
+l'original.</p>
+</div>
 <hr class="thin" />
 
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote>
-<p>
-Note de l'auteurÂ : En traduisant ce texte [en anglais], j'ai essayÃ© de
+<div class="introduction" role="complementary">
+<p><em>Note de l'auteurÂ : En traduisant ce texte [en anglais], j'ai essayÃ© de
 rester aussi prÃ¨s que possible du discours que j'avais fait en
 Allemagne. Reconstruire les phrases allemandes pour les transformer en un
 anglais correct a demandÃ© un certain travailÂ ; je voudrais remercier mon
 colocataire et ami Doug Chapin, qui est d'origine amÃ©ricaine, de m'avoir
 aidÃ© Ã  traduire quelques mots et expressions. La traduction n'arrivera
 jamais Ã  transmettre les mÃªmes Ã©motions et implications que le discours,
-mais je pense que nous en sommes trÃ¨s proches&hellip;
-</p>
-</blockquote>
+mais je pense que nous en sommes trÃ¨s proches&hellip;</em></p>
+</div>
 <p>
 En prÃ©parant ce discours, j'ai lu pas mal de documents et parlÃ© avec un
 certain nombre de personnes. Il m'est ainsi apparu que mÃªme les gens dont le
@@ -382,18 +386,20 @@
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<hr /><b>Notes de relecture</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â :
-propriÃ©taire.Â <a href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">En anglais, le mot <i>free</i> veut dire Â«Â libreÂ Â», 
mais
-aussi Â«Â gratuitÂ Â», d'oÃ¹ la confusion possible.Â <a href="#TransNote2-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
+<hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â : propriÃ©taire.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+En anglais, le mot <i>free</i> veut dire Â«Â libreÂ Â», mais aussi Â«Â 
gratuitÂ Â»,
+d'oÃ¹ la confusion possible.</li>
 </ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -416,7 +422,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -429,22 +435,6 @@
 les infos nÃ©cessaires.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 <p>Copyright &copy; 1998 Georg C. F. Greve</p>
 
 <p id="Permission">La reproduction exacte et la distribution de copies 
intÃ©grales de cette
@@ -461,11 +451,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/hackathons.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/hackathons.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/hackathons.fr.html       31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000      1.7
+++ philosophy/hackathons.fr.html       14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      1.8
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/hackathons.en.html" -->
 
-<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
 <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Pourquoi les hackathons doivent exiger du logiciel libre - Projet GNU - 
Free
@@ -10,10 +12,13 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hackathons.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Pourquoi les hackathons doivent exiger du logiciel libre</h2>
+
 <address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<div class="thin"></div>
 
 <p>Les hackathons sont une mÃ©thode reconnue pour donner au dÃ©veloppement de
 projets numÃ©riques le soutien d'une communautÃ©. Cette derniÃ¨re invite les
@@ -49,9 +54,9 @@
 <p>Certains hackathons pervers sont spÃ©cifiquement destinÃ©s Ã  aider
 l'informatique de certaines entreprises (par exemple des banques <a
 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en";>europÃ©ennes</a>
-et <a href="http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>canadiennes</a>, ou encore
+et <a href="https://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>canadiennes</a>, ou encore
 <a
-href="http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners";>Expedia</a>).
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog";>Expedia</a>).
 Bien qu'elles ne l'affirment pas explicitement, leurs annonces donnent
 l'impression que leur but est le dÃ©veloppement de certains logiciels non
 libres et que les participants sont censÃ©s aider ces projets non
@@ -184,11 +189,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html        31 May 2021 21:09:11 
-0000      1.10
+++ philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr.html        14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 
-0000      1.11
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" 
value="/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Entretien avec Richard Stallman pour KernelTrap.org (2005) - Projet GNU 
-
@@ -9,14 +12,13 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Entretien avec Richard Stallman pour KernelTrap.org (2005)</h2>
 
-
-<p><em>Entretien avec Richard Stallman menÃ© par Jeremy Andrews en 
2005</em><br />
-<em>SourceÂ :</em> <a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
-[archivÃ©]</p>
-<hr class="thin"/>
+<address class="byline">menÃ© par Jeremy Andrews</address>
 
 <p>Richard Stallman a fondÃ© le projet GNU en 1984 et la <i>Free Software
 Foundation</i> (Fondation pour le logiciel libre) en 1985. Il est Ã©galement
@@ -777,6 +779,14 @@
 
 <p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong>Â : <i>Happy hacking!</i></p>
 
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>SourceÂ : <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
+[archivÃ©]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -785,7 +795,7 @@
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -805,7 +815,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -834,7 +844,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2005, 2017, 2018 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
 
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -853,7 +863,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html  31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000      1.53
+++ philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html  14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      1.54
@@ -1,17 +1,30 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/rms-kol.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Discours de Richard Stallman Ã  Kolkata (Calcutta), aoÃ»t 2006 - Projet 
GNU -
-Free Software Foundation</title>
+<title>Discours de Richard Stallman Ã  Kolkata (Calcutta) sur le logiciel 
libre et
+le gouvernement du Bengale-Occidental - Projet GNU - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kol.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>Discours de Richard Stallman Ã  Kolkata (Calcutta), aoÃ»tÂ 2006</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Discours sur le logiciel libre et le gouvernement du 
Bengale-Occidental</h2>
 
-<p>par <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription d'un discours donnÃ© Ã  Kolkata (Calcutta) en aoÃ»tÂ 2006</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
 
 <p>Il y a beaucoup de raisons pour lesquelles je ne suis pas communiste. La
 premiÃ¨re d'entre elles est que je ne suis pas contre l'idÃ©e d'entreprise
@@ -57,7 +70,7 @@
 menacent notre libertÃ©, qui pourraient nous donner quelque avantage
 comparatif temporaire, nous devons dire Â«Â NonÂ !Â Â»</p>
 
-<p>Le Bengale occidental ne doit pas suivre la tendance mondiale. Il doit
+<p>Le Bengale-Occidental ne doit pas suivre la tendance mondiale. Il doit
 militer pour la libertÃ©. VoilÃ  qui est diffÃ©rent. Â«Â NonÂ ! Je ne vais pas
 laisser le monde me mener oÃ¹ il veut aller. Je vais oÃ¹ se trouve la
 libertÃ©. Si vous allez ailleurs, je ne vous suivrai pas.Â Â» Cela exige de la
@@ -131,7 +144,7 @@
 totalement sous le contrÃ´le des personnes qui la font. Le logiciel libre est
 une technologie adaptÃ©e. Le logiciel privateur n'est adaptÃ© Ã  aucun 
usage.</p>
 
-<p>L'opportunitÃ© se prÃ©sente au gouvernement du Bengale occidental de montrer
+<p>L'opportunitÃ© se prÃ©sente au gouvernement du Bengale-Occidental de montrer
 l'exemple en adoptant une politique ferme Ã  cet Ã©gardÂ ; ceci donnera une
 impulsion au dÃ©veloppement des ressources humaines. Le logiciel libre
 respecte la libertÃ© des gens. Le gouvernement influe sur l'avenir de la
@@ -178,9 +191,9 @@
 de ce programme, m'a-t-on dit rÃ©cemment. On m'a dit aussi que l'Inde Ã©tait
 en train de prÃ©parer beaucoup de lois pour satisfaire les grandes
 multinationales. Peut-Ãªtre est-ce pour faire plaisir Ã  MicrosoftÂ ? MÃªme si
-l'Inde ne participe pas au programme <i>One Laptop per Child</i>, le Bengale
-occidental peut le faire. Je peux mettre les responsables en contact avec
-les personnes qui mettent au point cet ordinateur.</p>
+l'Inde ne participe pas au programme <i>One Laptop per Child</i>, le
+Bengale-Occidental peut le faire. Je peux mettre les responsables en contact
+avec les personnes qui mettent au point cet ordinateur.</p>
 
 <p>Le gouvernement de l'Inde envisage une nouvelle loi vicieuse sur le
 copyright, imitant la loi amÃ©ricaine, qui favorisera les grosses entreprises
@@ -189,30 +202,36 @@
 profits inimaginables de certaines entreprisesÂ ! Il ne faut pas que des
 Ã©trangers aient un pouvoir politique local. Pour ce qui est de mon cas
 personnel, je n'en ai pas.</p>
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
 <hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â :
-propriÃ©taire.Â <a href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">GATTÂ : Accord gÃ©nÃ©ral sur les tarifs douaniers et le
-commerce.Â <a href="#TransNote2-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote3">ZamindarÂ : propriÃ©taire terrien semi-fÃ©odal du Bengale
-(caste des Zamindars).Â <a href="#TransNote3-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote4">Il y a peu de chance qu'on fasse la confusion en
-franÃ§ais, car Â«Â entrÃ©e libreÂ Â» est Ã  peu prÃ¨s le seul cas oÃ¹ l'on peut
-donner Ã  Â«Â libreÂ Â» le sens de Â«Â gratuitÂ Â», mais en anglais les deux
-significations de <i>free</i> (libre et gratuit) ont Ã  peu prÃ¨s la mÃªme
-frÃ©quence.Â <a href="#TransNote4-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote5">One Laptop per ChildÂ : un ordinateur portable par
-enfant.Â <a href="#TransNote5-rev" 
class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li></ol></div>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â : propriÃ©taire.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+GATTÂ : Accord gÃ©nÃ©ral sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote3" href="#TransNote3-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+ZamindarÂ : propriÃ©taire terrien semi-fÃ©odal du Bengale (caste des
+Zamindars).</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote4" href="#TransNote4-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Il y a peu de chance qu'on fasse la confusion en franÃ§ais, car Â«Â entrÃ©e
+libreÂ Â» est Ã  peu prÃ¨s le seul cas oÃ¹ l'on peut donner Ã  Â«Â libreÂ Â» 
le sens
+de Â«Â gratuitÂ Â», mais en anglais les deux significations de <i>free</i>
+(libre et gratuit) ont Ã  peu prÃ¨s la mÃªme frÃ©quence.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote5" href="#TransNote5-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+One Laptop per ChildÂ : un ordinateur portable par enfant.</li></ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -224,7 +243,7 @@
 <p>
 <!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
         replace it with the translation of these two:
-
+/media/Gnu-local/www/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html
         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
@@ -232,7 +251,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -261,7 +280,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2006, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -279,11 +298,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html  31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000      1.48
+++ philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.fr.html  14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      1.49
@@ -1,43 +1,56 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.87 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>RMS sur Radio New Zealand - Projet GNU - Free Software 
Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) { .toc li { display: inline-block; width: 95%; }}
+-->
+</style>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>RMS sur Radio NZ â octobre 2009</h2>
-
-<p><em>Entretien de Richard M. Stallman avec Kim Hill</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>RMS sur Radio New Zealand</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription (par Jim Cheetham) d'un entretien de Richard Stallman avec Kim
+Hill en octobre 2009.</p>
+</div>
 
-<div class="summary">
-<h3>Parties intÃ©ressantes</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>[<a href="#t0000" id="t0000-rev">00:00</a>] Introduction</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t0040">00:40</a>] Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t0119">01:19</a>] Terrorisme et 11Â septembre</li>
-<li><a href="#t0430">[04:30]</a> Barack Obama</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t0623">06:23</a>] SÃ©curitÃ© aÃ©rienne</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t0802">08:02</a>] Surveillance numÃ©rique</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1026">10:26</a>] Surveillance systÃ©matique</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1220">12:20</a>] Surveillance dans les taxis</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1425">14:25</a>] Question de principe â les tÃ©lÃ©phones 
portables</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1533">15:33</a>] Logiciel libre et libertÃ©</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1724">17:24</a>] TraitÃ©s de libre-Ã©change</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2008">20:08</a>] Voitures, micro-ondes et avions</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2105">21:05</a>] Copier les livres</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2531">25:31</a>] Livres Ã©lectroniques et soutien des 
artistes</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2842">28:42</a>] Micropaiements</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3047">30:47</a>] Une philosophie politique simplisteâ¯?</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3251">32:51</a>] Revenus</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3348">33:48</a>] Menottes numÃ©riques â le Kindle 
d'Amazon</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3613">36:13</a>] Acheter des livres</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3716">37:16</a>] RÃ©seaux sociaux</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3808">38:08</a>] <abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade
-Agreement">ACTA</abbr></li>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Parties intÃ©ressantes</h3>
+<ul class="columns no-bullet">
+<li><a href="#t0000" id="t0000-rev">[00:00] Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t0040">[00:40] Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t0119">[01:19] Terrorisme et 11Â septembre</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t0430">[04:30] Barack Obama</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t0623">[06:23] SÃ©curitÃ© aÃ©rienne</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t0802">[08:02] Surveillance numÃ©rique</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1026">[10:26] Surveillance systÃ©matique</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1220">[12:20] Surveillance dans les taxis</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1425">[14:25] Question de principe â les tÃ©lÃ©phones 
portables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1533">[15:33] Logiciel libre et libertÃ©</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1724">[17:24] TraitÃ©s de libre-Ã©change</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2008">[20:08] Voitures, micro-ondes et avions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2105">[21:05] Copier les livres</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2531">[25:31] Livres Ã©lectroniques et soutien des 
artistes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2842">[28:42] Micropaiements</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3047">[30:47] Une philosophie politique simplisteâ¯?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3251">[32:51] Revenus</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3348">[33:48] Menottes numÃ©riques â le Kindle 
d'Amazon</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3613">[36:13] Acheter des livres</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3716">[37:16] RÃ©seaux sociaux</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3808">[38:08] <abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade
+Agreement">ACTA</abbr></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr class="no-display" />
 </div>
@@ -955,31 +968,35 @@
 </dl>
 
 <div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Note</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
 <ol>
   <li id="f1">[2019] Nous l'appelons <a
 href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"><i>the Swindle</i></a>
 (l'arnaqueuse) parce qu'elle est conÃ§ue pour arnaquer les lecteurs, pour
 leur voler leurs libertÃ©s traditionnelles.</li>
 </ol>
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
 <hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol id="translator-notes-alpha">
-<li id="TransNote1"><i>Global War on Accidents</i>Â : allusion Ã  la 
Â«â¯guerre
-totale contre le terrorismeâ¯Â» <i>[Global War on Terror]</i> lancÃ©e par Bush
-aprÃ¨s le 11Â septembre.Â <a href="#TransNote1-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â :
-propriÃ©taire.Â <a href="#TransNote2-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote3"><i>Kindle</i> veut dire Â«â¯bois d'allumageâ¯Â».Â <a
-href="#TransNote3-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li></ol></div>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Global War on Accidents</i>Â : allusion Ã  la Â«â¯guerre totale contre le
+terrorismeâ¯Â» <i>[Global War on Terror]</i> lancÃ©e par Bush aprÃ¨s le
+11Â septembre.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Autre traduction de <i>proprietary</i>Â : propriÃ©taire.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote3" href="#TransNote3-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Kindle</i> veut dire Â«â¯bois d'allumageâ¯Â».</li></ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -999,7 +1016,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -1012,26 +1029,6 @@
 les infos nÃ©cessaires.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<!-- This page is an exception; only the web page copyright year should
-     get updated.  -->
-<p>Copyright de la page webÂ : &copy; 2014, 2019, 2020 Free Software 
Foundation,
-Inc.</p>
 <p>Copyright de la transcriptionÂ : &copy; 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham.</p>
 
 <p>Cette transcription peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la 
licence
@@ -1052,11 +1049,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.63
retrieving revision 1.64
diff -u -b -r1.63 -r1.64
--- philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html     31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000      1.63
+++ philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html     14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      1.64
@@ -1,31 +1,45 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/stallman-kth.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>ConfÃ©rence en SuÃ¨de - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<title>ConfÃ©rence de RMS au KTH (SuÃ¨de) en 1986 - Projet GNU - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+-->
+</style>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>ConfÃ©rence de RMS au KTH (SuÃ¨de), leÂ 30Â octobreÂ 1986</h2>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<p><em>[Kungliga Tekniska HÃ¶gskolan (Institut royal de technologie)<br />
-Stockholm, SuÃ¨de]</em></p>
-<p><em>organisÃ©e par l'association des Ã©tudiants<br />
-Â«Â DatorfÃ¶reningen StackenÂ Â»<br />
-le 30 octobre 1986</em></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>ConfÃ©rence de RMS au KTH (SuÃ¨de) en 1986</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription d'une confÃ©rence de Richard Stallman au <i>Kungliga Tekniska
+HÃ¶gskolan</i> (Institiut royal de technologie), Ã  Stockholm (SuÃ¨de),
+organisÃ©e par l'association des Ã©tudiants, <i>DatorfÃ¶reningen Stacken</i>,
+le 30Â octobreÂ 1986.
+</p>
 </div>
+<hr class="thin" />
 
-<p><strong>[NoteÂ : Ce texte est une transcription lÃ©gÃ¨rement rÃ©visÃ©e de la
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><i>[NoteÂ : Ce texte est une transcription lÃ©gÃ¨rement rÃ©visÃ©e de la
 confÃ©rence. La version originale contient des faux dÃ©parts ainsi que des
 locutions naturelles en anglais parlÃ© mais qui paraissent bizarres dans une
 publication. Il n'est pas Ã©vident de la transformer en anglais Ã©crit correct
-sans faire violence au discours original.]</strong></p>
+sans faire violence au discours original.]</i></p>
+</div>
 
-<p>Il semble qu'il y ait trois choses dont les gens voudraient que je
-parle. Tout d'abord, j'ai pensÃ© que le meilleur sujet ici pour un club de
+<p><b>RMSâ¯:</b> Il semble qu'il y ait trois choses dont les gens voudraient 
que
+je parle. Tout d'abord, j'ai pensÃ© que le meilleur sujet ici pour un club de
 hackers Ã©tait de dire comment Ã§a se passait au <abbr title="Massachusetts
 Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> autrefois, ce qui faisait du labo
 d'intelligence artificielle (labo d'IA) un endroit si particulier. Mais d'un
@@ -38,15 +52,20 @@
 pourrais Ã©ventuellement diviser la confÃ©rence en trois parties. Comme Ã§a les
 gens pourraient sortir quand Ã§a ne les intÃ©resse pas. Une fois arrivÃ© Ã  la
 fin d'un sujet, je peux signaler que c'est fini, les gens peuvent sortir et
-je peux envoyer Jan Rynning dehors pour appeler les
-autres. <br/><br/>Quelqu'unÂ : <i>Janne, han trenger ingen mike</i> (Janne,
-il n'a pas besoin de micro).<br/><br/>RMSÂ : Jan, tu es prÃªt Ã  courir
-chercher les autresÂ ?<br/><br/>JMRÂ : Je suis Ã  la recherche d'un micro et
-quelqu'un me dit qu'il est dans ce casier fermÃ© Ã  clÃ©.<br/><br/>RMSÂ :
-Autrefois au labo d'IA, on l'aurait ouvert Ã  coup de masse et la porte
-dÃ©foncÃ©e aurait servi de leÃ§on Ã  celui qui avait osÃ© mettre sous clÃ© 
quelque
-chose dont tout le monde avait besoin. Mais heureusement j'ai Ã©tudiÃ© le
-chant bulgare, donc je peux trÃ¨s bien me dÃ©brouiller sans micro.</p>
+je peux envoyer Jan Rynning dehors pour appeler les autres.</p>
+
+<p><span>[Quelqu'unÂ : Â«â¯<i>Janne, han trenger ingen mike.</i>â¯Â» (Janne, 
il n'a
+pas besoin de micro.)]</span></p>
+
+<p>Jan, tu es prÃªt Ã  courir chercher les autresÂ ?</p>
+
+<p><b>JMRâ¯:</b> Je suis Ã  la recherche d'un micro et quelqu'un me dit qu'il 
est
+dans ce casier fermÃ© Ã  clÃ©.</p>
+
+<p><b>RMSâ¯:</b> Autrefois au labo d'IA, on l'aurait ouvert Ã  coup de masse 
et
+la porte dÃ©foncÃ©e aurait servi de leÃ§on Ã  celui qui avait osÃ© mettre sous
+clÃ© quelque chose dont tout le monde avait besoin. Mais heureusement j'ai
+Ã©tudiÃ© le chant bulgare, donc je peux trÃ¨s bien me dÃ©brouiller sans 
micro.</p>
 
 <p>Bon, est-ce que je dois vous signaler les diffÃ©rentes parties de la
 confÃ©rence ou vous avez juste envie de la suivre jusqu'au boutÂ ? (RÃ©ponseÂ :
@@ -420,8 +439,8 @@
 moment-lÃ  de toute faÃ§on, je travaillais le plus souvent sur d'autres
 machinesÂ ; si bien que finalement je l'ai abandonnÃ© et cessÃ© Ã  tout jamais
 de le rÃ©activer. C'est tout. Je ne me suis pas connectÃ© sur cette machine
-sous mon nom pendant&hellip; [Ã  ce moment-lÃ , RMS est interrompu par un
-tonnerre d'applaudissements]</p>
+sous mon nom pendant&hellip; <span>[Ã  ce moment-lÃ , RMS est interrompu par
+un tonnerre d'applaudissements]</span></p>
 
 <p>Quand ils ont installÃ© le systÃ¨me Twenex, ils avaient Ã  l'esprit d'y 
faire
 plusieurs changements, des changements dans le fonctionnement de la
@@ -735,37 +754,36 @@
 deÂ 5, ou juste <code>$foo++</code>. Vous pouvez Ã©galement le faire lors d'un
 palier conditionnel. Une maniÃ¨re Ã©conome de faire une pause dans le
 programme la dixiÃ¨me fois que le palier est atteint, serait de faire
-<code>$foo--==0</code>. Est-ce que tout le monde suitÂ ? Faire dÃ©croÃ®tre
-<code>foo</code> et une fois qu'il est Ã  zÃ©ro, pause. Vous faites dÃ©marrer
-<code>$foo</code> au nombre de boucles que vous voulez qu'il saute et vous
-le lÃ¢chez. Vous pouvez aussi utiliser Ã§a pour examiner les Ã©lÃ©ments d'un
-tableau. Supposez que vous ayez un tableau de pointeurs, vous pouvez faireÂ 
:</p>
-
-<pre>print X[$foo++]</pre>
-
-<p>mais d'abord vous faites</p>
-
-<pre>set $foo=0</pre>
-
-<p>OK, quand vous faites Ã§a [il montre l'expression <code>print</code>], vous
-obtenez l'Ã©lÃ©ment zÃ©ro deÂ X et quand vous le faites Ã  nouveau, il atteint 
le
-premier Ã©lÃ©ment. Supposez que ce soient des pointeurs vers des structures,
-alors vous mettez probablement un astÃ©risque lÃ  [avant leÂ X dans
-l'expression <code>print</code>] et Ã  chaque fois, il affiche la structure
-sur laquelle pointe l'Ã©lÃ©ment suivant du tableau. Et bien sÃ»r vous pouvez
-rÃ©pÃ©ter cette commande en tapant Â«Â EntrÃ©eÂ Â». Si ce n'est pas suffisant 
de
-rÃ©pÃ©ter une seule chose, vous pouvez crÃ©er une Â«Â commande
-utilisateurÂ Â». Vous pouvez dire <code>defineÂ mumble</code>, vous mettez
-quelques lignes de commandes puis <code>end</code>. Vous venez ainsi de
-dÃ©finir une commande <code>mumble</code> qui exÃ©cutera ces lignes. Et il est
-trÃ¨s utile de mettre ces dÃ©finitions dans un fichier de commandes. Vous
-pouvez avoir un fichier de commandes dans chaque rÃ©pertoire qui sera chargÃ©
-automatiquement en tant que rÃ©pertoire actif lorsque vous lancerez le
-dÃ©bogueur. Ainsi pour chaque programme, vous pouvez dÃ©finir un ensemble de
-commandes utilisateur pour accÃ©der efficacement aux structures. Vous pouvez
-mÃªme fournir de la documentation pour vos commandes, de faÃ§on qu'elles
-soient traitÃ©es par la fonction <code>help</code> comme des commandes
-intÃ©grÃ©es.</p>
+<code>$foo--==0</code>. Est-ce que tout le monde suitÂ ? Faire dÃ©croÃ®tre foo
+et une fois qu'il est Ã  zÃ©ro, pause. Vous faites dÃ©marrer <code>$foo</code>
+au nombre de boucles que vous voulez qu'il saute et vous le lÃ¢chez. Vous
+pouvez aussi utiliser Ã§a pour examiner les Ã©lÃ©ments d'un tableau. Supposez
+que vous ayez un tableau de pointeurs, vous pouvez faireÂ :</p>
+
+<pre><code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code></pre>
+
+<p>Mais d'abord vous faites</p>
+
+<pre><code>SET $foo=0</code></pre>
+
+<p>OK, quand vous faites Ã§a [il montre l'expression PRINT], vous obtenez
+l'Ã©lÃ©ment zÃ©ro deÂ X et quand vous le faites Ã  nouveau, il atteint le 
premier
+Ã©lÃ©ment. Supposez que ce soient des pointeurs vers des structures, alors
+vous mettez probablement un astÃ©risque lÃ  [avant leÂ X dans l'expression
+PRINT] et Ã  chaque fois, il affiche la structure sur laquelle pointe
+l'Ã©lÃ©ment suivant du tableau. Et bien sÃ»r vous pouvez rÃ©pÃ©ter cette 
commande
+en tapant Â«Â EntrÃ©eÂ Â». Si ce n'est pas suffisant de rÃ©pÃ©ter une seule 
chose,
+vous pouvez crÃ©er une Â«Â commande utilisateurÂ Â». Vous pouvez dire
+<code>defineÂ mumble</code>, vous mettez quelques lignes de commandes puis
+<code>end</code>. Vous venez ainsi de dÃ©finir une commande
+<code>mumble</code> qui exÃ©cutera ces lignes. Et il est trÃ¨s utile de mettre
+ces dÃ©finitions dans un fichier de commandes. Vous pouvez avoir un fichier
+de commandes dans chaque rÃ©pertoire qui sera chargÃ© automatiquement en tant
+que rÃ©pertoire actif lorsque vous lancerez le dÃ©bogueur. Ainsi pour chaque
+programme, vous pouvez dÃ©finir un ensemble de commandes utilisateur pour
+accÃ©der efficacement aux structures. Vous pouvez mÃªme fournir de la
+documentation pour vos commandes, de faÃ§on qu'elles soient traitÃ©es par la
+fonction <code>help</code> comme des commandes intÃ©grÃ©es.</p>
 
 <p>Une autre chose peu habituelle dans ce dÃ©bogueur, c'est la capacitÃ©
 d'Ã©carter des cadres <i>[frames]</i> de la pileÂ ; parce que je crois que
@@ -779,13 +797,13 @@
 contrÃ´le. Dans ce dÃ©bogueur, vous pouvez changer le flux de contrÃ´le trÃ¨s
 directement en disantÂ :</p>
 
-<pre>set $PC=&lt;un certain nombre&gt;</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $PC=&lt;un certain nombre&gt;</code></pre>
 
 <p>Ainsi vous pouvez positionner le compteur ordinal <i>[program
 counter]</i>. Vous pouvez Ã©galement positionner le pointeur de pile
 <i>[stack pointer]</i>, ou bien vous pouvez dire</p>
 
-<pre>set $SP+=&lt;quelque_chose&gt;</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $SP+=&lt;quelque_chose&gt;</code></pre>
 
 <p>si vous voulez incrÃ©menter le pointeur de pile d'une certaine quantitÃ©. 
Mais
 en outre, vous pouvez Ã©galement lui dire de dÃ©marrer sur une ligne
@@ -795,8 +813,8 @@
 appeler cette fonction du toutÂ ? Vous vous dites que cette fonction est trop
 merdique, que vous voulez vraiment en sortir et faire Ã  la main ce qu'elle
 devait faire. Pour cela, vous pouvez utiliser la commande
-<code>return</code>. Vous sÃ©lectionnez un cadre de la pile et vous dites
-<code>return</code>. Et Ã§a va faire que ce cadre, et tous ceux qui sont Ã 
+<code>RETURN</code>. Vous sÃ©lectionnez un cadre de la pile et vous dites
+<code>RETURN</code>. Et Ã§a va faire que ce cadre, et tous ceux qui sont Ã 
 l'intÃ©rieur, seront abandonnÃ©s comme si cette fonction renvoyait
 instantanÃ©ment sa valeur. Vous pouvez aussi spÃ©cifier la valeur qu'elle doit
 renvoyer. Ãa ne poursuit pas l'exÃ©cutionÂ ; Ã§a fait comme si la valeur 
Ã©tait
@@ -846,7 +864,7 @@
 l'instruction <code>add</code> peut Ãªtre reprÃ©sentÃ©e comme ceciÂ :</p>
 
 <pre>
-  r[3]=r[2]+4
+  <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>C'est une reprÃ©sentation interne au compilateur de l'instruction Â«Â 
prendre
@@ -889,19 +907,19 @@
 expressionsÂ ; des choses comme ceciÂ :</p>
 
 <pre>
-     (set (reg 2)
-          (+ (reg 2)
-             (int 4)))
+     <code>(set (reg 2)</code>
+          <code>(+ (reg 2)</code>
+             <code>(int 4)))</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>Ãa ressemble un peu Ã  du Lisp mais la sÃ©mantique n'est pas tout Ã  fait 
la
 mÃªme, parce que chaque symbole est ici identifiÃ© individuellement. Un
 ensemble fixe, particulier de ces symboles est dÃ©fini, tous ceux dont vous
 avez besoin, chacun ayant une combinaison particuliÃ¨re de types
-d'arguments. Pour Â«Â regÂ Â» par exemple, c'est toujours un nombre entier,
-parce que les registres sont numÃ©rotÃ©s, mais Â«Â +Â Â» prend deux
-sous-expressions, et ainsi de suite. Et chacune de ces expressions a aussi
-un type de donnÃ©es qui, en gros, indique s'il est fixe ou flottant et
+d'arguments. Pour <code>reg</code> par exemple, c'est toujours un nombre
+entier, parce que les registres sont numÃ©rotÃ©s, mais <code>+</code> prend
+deux sous-expressions, et ainsi de suite. Et chacune de ces expressions a
+aussi un type de donnÃ©es qui, en gros, indique s'il est fixe ou flottant et
 combien d'octets il occupe. Ãa peut Ãªtre Ã©tendu pour manipuler d'autres
 choses si vous en avez besoin.</p>
 
@@ -926,10 +944,10 @@
 quand Ã§a arrive. Par exemple sur le 68000, on peut ajouter depuis un
 registre dans la mÃ©moire et ajouter depuis la mÃ©moire dans un registre mais
 pas ajouter depuis une adresse mÃ©moire vers une autre. Par exemple, si lors
-d'une instruction <code>add</code> vous sortez vers un 68000 et que les deux
-Ã©lÃ©ments se retrouvent dans la mÃ©moire, ce n'est pas valide. Donc ce dernier
-passage examine le tout et copie au besoin des Ã©lÃ©ments dans les registres
-ou en dehors des registres, pour corriger ce genre de problÃ¨me.</p>
+d'une instruction ADD vous sortez vers un 68000 et que les deux Ã©lÃ©ments se
+retrouvent dans la mÃ©moire, ce n'est pas valide. Donc ce dernier passage
+examine le tout et copie au besoin des Ã©lÃ©ments dans les registres ou en
+dehors des registres, pour corriger ce genre de problÃ¨me.</p>
 
 <p>Des problÃ¨mes peuvent Ã©galement survenir avec les registres d'index. Si 
vous
 essayez d'indexer par quelque chose, la plupart du temps le code deviendra
@@ -949,23 +967,23 @@
 sur le type de donnÃ©esÂ C. AprÃ¨s Ã§a, un autre passage examine cet arbre et
 produit du code comme celui-lÃ  [comme du Lisp]. Ensuite viennent plusieurs
 passages d'optimisationÂ : un pour traiter par exemple les sauts Ã  travers
-des sauts, les sauts aboutissant Ã  des sauts, les sauts Ã Â .+1 et tout ce qui
-peut Ãªtre immÃ©diatement simplifiÃ©Â ; puis la reconnaissance des
-sous-expressions communesÂ ; puis la recherche des blocs de base et l'analyse
-du flux de donnÃ©es, afin de pouvoir indiquer pour chaque instruction quelles
-valeurs sont utilisÃ©es dans l'instruction et nulle part ailleursÂ ; et aussi
-la liaison entre chaque instruction et les endroits oÃ¹ les valeurs utilisÃ©es
-ont Ã©tÃ© crÃ©Ã©es. Ainsi, quand j'ai une instruction qui crÃ©e un
-pseudo-registre R[28] et une autre instruction plus tard qui utilise R[28],
-sachant que c'est le premier endroit qui utilise R[28], je fais pointer la
-seconde en arriÃ¨re sur la premiÃ¨re et ce pointeur est celui qui servira pour
-contrÃ´ler les essais de combinaison des instructions. Vous ne combinez pas
-des instructions adjacentes, vous combinez une instruction qui utilise une
-valeur avec l'instruction qui a produit cette valeur. MÃªme s'il y a d'autres
-instructions au milieu, elles ne sont pas concernÃ©esÂ ; vous avez juste Ã 
-vous assurer qu'elles n'interviennent pas. Et aprÃ¨s le combinateur vient
-l'allocateur dynamique de registres, et enfin quelque chose pour faire la
-conversion en code assembleur.</p>
+des sauts, les sauts aboutissant Ã  des sauts, les sauts Ã Â <code>.+1</code>
+et tout ce qui peut Ãªtre immÃ©diatement simplifiÃ©Â ; puis la reconnaissance
+des sous-expressions communesÂ ; puis la recherche des blocs de base et
+l'analyse du flux de donnÃ©es, afin de pouvoir indiquer pour chaque
+instruction quelles valeurs sont utilisÃ©es dans l'instruction et nulle part
+ailleursÂ ; et aussi la liaison entre chaque instruction et les endroits oÃ¹
+les valeurs utilisÃ©es ont Ã©tÃ© crÃ©Ã©es. Ainsi, quand j'ai une instruction 
qui
+crÃ©e un pseudo-registre R[28] et une autre instruction plus tard qui utilise
+R[28], sachant que c'est le premier endroit qui utilise R[28], je fais
+pointer la seconde en arriÃ¨re sur la premiÃ¨re et ce pointeur est celui qui
+servira pour contrÃ´ler les essais de combinaison des instructions. Vous ne
+combinez pas des instructions adjacentes, vous combinez une instruction qui
+utilise une valeur avec l'instruction qui a produit cette valeur. MÃªme s'il
+y a d'autres instructions au milieu, elles ne sont pas concernÃ©esÂ ; vous
+avez juste Ã  vous assurer qu'elles n'interviennent pas. Et aprÃ¨s le
+combinateur vient l'allocateur dynamique de registres, et enfin quelque
+chose pour faire la conversion en code assembleur.</p>
 
 <p>Dans le compilateur d'Arizona, le systÃ¨me de reconnaissance d'instructions 
a
 Ã©tÃ© crÃ©Ã© avec Lex. La description de votre machine est simplement un
@@ -1002,9 +1020,9 @@
 copier des choses dans les registres, alors il arrive qu'il en libÃ¨re trop
 et n'utilise pas tous les registres qu'il pourrait.</p>
 
-<p>(QuestionÂ : Avez-vous un gÃ©nÃ©rateur de code pour le 32000Â ?)<br/><br/>
-Pas encore, mais je le rÃ©pÃ¨te, ce n'est pas un gÃ©nÃ©rateur de code dont vous
-avez besoin, juste une description de machine, une liste de toutes les
+<p><span>[QuestionÂ : Avez-vous un gÃ©nÃ©rateur de code pour le 32000Â 
?]</span>Pas
+encore, mais je le rÃ©pÃ¨te, ce n'est pas un gÃ©nÃ©rateur de code dont vous 
avez
+besoin, juste une description de machine, une liste de toutes les
 instructions de la machine dÃ©crites sous cette forme [comme du Lisp]. En
 fait, hormis le travail d'implÃ©menter l'idÃ©e des contraintes qui dÃ©terminent
 quels arguments peuvent aller dans les registres et dans quelles sortes de
@@ -1023,11 +1041,11 @@
 correctement. Je pense que Ã§a ne prendra que quelques mois, ensuite je le
 publierai.</p>
 
-<p>L'autre partie importante du systÃ¨me existant, c'est le noyau. (QuestionÂ :
-Une pauseÂ ?) Ah, ouais, je suppose que nous avons oubliÃ© les
-coupures. Pourquoi est-ce que je ne finirais pas de parler du noyau, ce qui
-ne devrait pas prendre plus de cinq minutesÂ ? Ensuite nous pourrons faire
-une coupure.</p>
+<p>L'autre partie importante du systÃ¨me existant, c'est le
+noyau. <span>[QuestionÂ : Une pauseÂ ?]</span> Ah, ouais, je suppose que nous
+avons oubliÃ© les coupures. Pourquoi est-ce que je ne finirais pas de parler
+du noyau, ce qui ne devrait pas prendre plus de cinq minutesÂ ? Ensuite nous
+pourrons faire une coupure.</p>
 
 <p>Donc, pour le noyau je projette d'utiliser un systÃ¨me appelÃ© TRIX (cela ne
 signifie rien de spÃ©cial, que je sache) qui a Ã©tÃ© dÃ©veloppÃ© comme projet 
de
@@ -1081,13 +1099,14 @@
 faÃ§on explicite âÂ soit parce que vous voulez dÃ©clarer explicitement quelle
 version utiliser, soit parce que vous ne voulez pas de version du toutÂ â
 vous mettez un point Ã  son extrÃ©mitÃ©. Ainsi, si vous donnez le nom de
-fichier Â«Â FOOÂ Â» cela signifie Â«Â cherchez les versions qui existent pour 
FOO
-et prenez la derniÃ¨reÂ Â». Mais si vous dites Â«Â FOO.Â Â» cela signifie
-Â«Â utilisez exactement le nom FOO et aucun autreÂ Â». Si vous dites Â«Â 
FOO.3.Â Â»
-cela veut dire Â«Â utilisez exactement le nom FOO.3Â Â» qui naturellement est 
la
-version trois de FOO et aucune autre. En sortie, si vous dites juste
-Â«Â FOOÂ Â», Ã§a va crÃ©er une nouvelle version de FOO, mais si vous dites
-Â«Â FOO.Â Â», Ã§a va Ã©crire un fichier nommÃ© exactement Â«Â FOOÂ Â».</p>
+fichier <code>FOO</code> cela signifie Â«Â cherche les versions qui existent
+pour FOO et prends la derniÃ¨reÂ Â». Mais si vous dites <code>FOO.</code> cela
+signifie Â«Â utilise exactement le nom FOO et aucun autreÂ Â». Si vous dites
+<code>FOO.3.Â Â» cela veut dire Â«Â utilise exactement le nom FOO.3</code>, qui
+naturellement est la version trois de FOO et aucune autre. En sortie, si
+vous dites juste <code>FOO</code>, Ã§a va crÃ©er une nouvelle version de FOO,
+mais si vous dites <code>FOO.</code>, Ã§a va Ã©crire un fichier nommÃ©
+exactement Â«Â FOOÂ Â».</p>
 
 <p>Maintenant c'est un dÃ©fi de mettre au point tous ces dÃ©tails et de voir 
s'il
 persiste des problÃ¨mes, si vraiment certains logiciels Unix se plantent bien
@@ -1109,35 +1128,36 @@
 rÃ©pertoire ait des fichiers comme ceciÂ :</p>
 
 <pre>
-  foo.1 foo.2 bar.8
+  <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>
 </pre>
 
-<p>Si je dis Â«Â *Â Â», Ã§a Ã©quivaut Ã </p>
+<p>Si je dis <code>*</code>, Ã§a Ã©quivaut Ã </p>
 <pre>
-  foo bar
+  <code>foo bar</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>parce que Ã§a prend tous les noms, les dÃ©barrasse de leurs versions et
-conserve tous ceux qui sont distincts. Mais si je dis Â«Â *.Â Â», alors Ã§a 
prend
-tous les noms exacts, met un point aprÃ¨s chaque nom et cherche les
+conserve tous ceux qui sont distincts. Mais si je dis <code>*.</code>, alors
+Ã§a prend tous les noms exacts, met un point aprÃ¨s chaque nom et cherche les
 Ã©quivalences. Ãa me donne tous les noms avec toutes les diffÃ©rentes versions
 qui existent. Et de la mÃªme faÃ§on, vous pouvez voir la diffÃ©rence entre
-Â«Â *.cÂ Â» et Â«Â *.c.Â Â». Ceci [le premier] vous donnera essentiellement les
-rÃ©fÃ©rences sans version de tous les fichiers Â«Â .cÂ Â», tandis que cela [le
-second] vous donnera toutes les versions&hellip; Bon, pas vraiment, vous
-devriez dire Â«Â *.c.*.Â Â», mais ici je ne tiens pas compte des dÃ©tails.</p>
+<code>*.c</code> et <code>*.c.</code>. Ceci [le premier] vous donnera
+essentiellement les rÃ©fÃ©rences sans version de tous les fichiers
+<code>.c</code>, tandis que cela [le second] vous donnera toutes les
+versions&hellip; Bon, pas vraiment, vous devriez dire <code>*.c.*.</code>,
+mais ici je ne tiens pas compte des dÃ©tails.</p>
 
 <p>Une autre chose qu'on pourrait ajouter, qui est transparente pour
 l'utilisateur et est certainement compatible, c'est la tolÃ©rance du systÃ¨me
 de fichiers aux dÃ©faillances de la machine. Ã savoir, Ã©crire toutes les
 informations sur le disque dans l'ordre appropriÃ©, en s'arrangeant pour
-qu'on puisse presser le bouton Â«Â ArrÃªtÂ Â» Ã  tout moment sans endommager le
-systÃ¨me de fichiers du disque. C'est tellement connu que je ne peux pas
-imaginer qu'on puisse le nÃ©gliger. Une autre idÃ©e, c'est d'augmenter la
-redondance de l'information. Je ne sais pas si je le ferai, mais j'ai des
-idÃ©es sur la faÃ§on de stocker dans chaque fichier tous ses noms, ce qui
-permettrait, si l'un des rÃ©pertoires du disque est perdu, de le reconstruire
-Ã  partir du reste du contenu du disque.</p>
+qu'on puisse presser le bouton <kbd>ArrÃªt</kbd> Ã  tout moment sans
+endommager le systÃ¨me de fichiers du disque. C'est tellement connu que je ne
+peux pas imaginer qu'on puisse le nÃ©gliger. Une autre idÃ©e, c'est
+d'augmenter la redondance de l'information. Je ne sais pas si je le ferai,
+mais j'ai des idÃ©es sur la faÃ§on de stocker dans chaque fichier tous ses
+noms, ce qui permettrait, si l'un des rÃ©pertoires du disque est perdu, de le
+reconstruire Ã  partir du reste du contenu du disque.</p>
 
 <p>En outre, je pense savoir comment rendre possible la mise Ã  jour nuclÃ©aire
 de n'importe quelle partie d'un fichier âÂ c'est-Ã -dire pouvoir remplacer un
@@ -1147,19 +1167,18 @@
 
 <p>Pour la gestion du rÃ©seau, j'ai l'intention par la suite d'implÃ©menter
 TCP/IP pour ce systÃ¨me. Je pense Ã©galement qu'il est possible d'utiliser
-Kermit pour obtenir quelque chose de pratiquement Ã©quivalent Ã  UUCP.</p>
+KERMIT pour obtenir quelque chose de pratiquement Ã©quivalent Ã  UUCP.</p>
 
 <p>Un <i>shell</i> a dÃ©jÃ  Ã©tÃ© Ã©crit, je crois. Il a deux modes, l'un 
imitant le
 <i>Bourne shell</i> et l'autre imitant le <i>C-shell</i>,<a
 id="TransNote6-rev" href="#TransNote6"><sup>6</sup></a> dans le mÃªme
 programme. Je n'en ai pas reÃ§u de copie et je ne sais pas combien de travail
-j'aurai Ã  faire dessus. Il y a encore beaucoup d'autres utilitaires. Un
-<code>make</code> existe, <code>ls</code> Ã©galementÂ ; il y a Bison qui
-remplace YACC et qui est dÃ©jÃ  distribuÃ©. Il existe quelque chose d'assez
-proche de Lex, mais qui n'est pas totalement compatible et a besoin d'Ãªtre
-retravaillÃ©. Et en gÃ©nÃ©ral, ce qui reste Ã  faire est beaucoup moins
-important que ce qui a Ã©tÃ© fait mais on a toujours besoin de beaucoup de
-gens pour aider.</p>
+j'aurai Ã  faire dessus. Il y a encore beaucoup d'autres utilitaires. Un MAKE
+existe, LS Ã©galementÂ ; il y a BISON qui remplace YACC et qui est dÃ©jÃ 
+distribuÃ©. Il existe quelque chose d'assez proche de LEX, mais qui n'est pas
+totalement compatible et a besoin d'Ãªtre retravaillÃ©. Et en gÃ©nÃ©ral, ce qui
+reste Ã  faire est beaucoup moins important que ce qui a Ã©tÃ© fait mais on a
+toujours besoin de beaucoup de gens pour aider.</p>
 
 <p>Les gens me demandent toujours Â«Â Quand est-ce que Ã§a sera finiÂ ?Â Â»
 Naturellement je ne peux pas le savoir, mais c'est une mauvaise question. Si
@@ -1675,7 +1694,7 @@
 changement inverse se produit. La copie individuelle d'information se fait
 de mieux en mieux et nous pouvons voir que la finalitÃ© du progrÃ¨s
 technologique est de permettre de copier n'importe quel genre
-d'information&hellip; [coupure due Ã  l'inversion de la bande].</p>
+d'information&hellip; <span>[coupure due Ã  l'inversion de la 
bande]</span>.</p>
 
 <p>Ainsi nous retournons Ã  la mÃªme situation que dans le monde antique oÃ¹ le
 copyright n'avait aucun sens.</p>
@@ -1756,53 +1775,59 @@
 nous devons toujours en encourager la copie.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<hr /><b>Notes de relecture</b><ol>
-<li id="TransNote1">ITS <i>(Incompatible Timesharing System)</i>Â : Â«Â 
SystÃ¨me
-Ã  temps partagÃ© incompatibleÂ Â», conÃ§u par les hackers du laboratoire
-d'intelligence artificielle et nommÃ© en opposition avec CTSS <i>(Compatible
-Time Sharing System)</i>, utilisÃ© prÃ©cÃ©demment au MIT.Â <a
-href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">Nous traduisons maintenant <i>proprietary</i> par
-Â«Â privateurÂ Â».Â <a href="#TransNote2-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote3"><i>Wheel bit</i> (litt. bit de gouvernail)Â : il s'agit
-d'un bit particulier du nombre binaire dÃ©finissant un utilisateur sous
-Twenex (ou certains autres systÃ¨mes Ã  temps partagÃ© des annÃ©esÂ 80), qui
-permet Ã  cet utilisateur de faire certaines opÃ©rations interdites Ã 
-l'utilisateur normal. Les privilÃ¨ges du mode <i>wheel</i> sont analogues Ã 
-ceux de <i>root</i> sous Unix.Â <a href="#TransNote3-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote4">DDT signifiait Ã  l'origine <i><abbr title="Digital
-Equipment Corporation">DEC</abbr> Debugging Tape</i> (bande de dÃ©bogage de
+<hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+ITS <i>(Incompatible Timesharing System)</i>Â : Â«Â SystÃ¨me Ã  temps partagÃ©
+incompatibleÂ Â», conÃ§u par les hackers du laboratoire d'intelligence
+artificielle et nommÃ© en opposition avec CTSS <i>(Compatible Time Sharing
+System)</i>, utilisÃ© prÃ©cÃ©demment au MIT.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Nous traduisons maintenant <i>proprietary</i> par Â«Â privateurÂ Â».</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote3" href="#TransNote3-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Wheel bit</i> (litt. bit de gouvernail)Â : il s'agit d'un bit particulier
+du nombre binaire dÃ©finissant un utilisateur sous Twenex (ou certains autres
+systÃ¨mes Ã  temps partagÃ© des annÃ©esÂ 80), qui permet Ã  cet utilisateur de
+faire certaines opÃ©rations interdites Ã  l'utilisateur normal. Les privilÃ¨ges
+du mode <i>wheel</i> sont analogues Ã  ceux de <i>root</i> sous Unix.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote4" href="#TransNote4-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+DDT signifiait Ã  l'origine <i><abbr title="Digital Equipment
+Corporation">DEC</abbr> Debugging Tape</i> (bande de dÃ©bogage de
 DEC). C'Ã©tait un ensemble de programmes, dÃ©veloppÃ© en 1961, permettant de
 dÃ©boguer le systÃ¨me d'exploitation du PDP-1 (les bandes dont il s'agissait
 Ã©taient des bandes perforÃ©es). Des systÃ¨mes similaires existent pour des
 machines plus rÃ©centes, ils ont pour nom <i>Dynamic Debugging Technique</i>,
 de maniÃ¨re Ã  garder le mÃªme sigle. DDT fait allusion Ã  l'insecticide 
<i>[bug
-killer]</i> de l'Ã©poque.Â <a href="#TransNote4-rev"
-class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote5"><i>Free University Compiler Kit</i> peut s'interprÃ©ter
-de deux maniÃ¨res diffÃ©rentes, car on ne sait pas si l'adjectif <i>free</i>
-qualifie <i>compiler kit</i> ou <i>university</i>. En fait, il s'agit du
-Â«Â kit de compilation de l'UniversitÃ© Libre (d'Amsterdam)Â Â».Â <a
-href="#TransNote5-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote6"><i>C-shell</i> se prononce de la mÃªme faÃ§on que
-<i>seashell</i> (coquillage). Il n'est pas impossible que ce jeu de mots
-soit voulu.Â <a href="#TransNote6-rev" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote7"><i>Bouncing ball</i>Â : peut-Ãªtre une allusion Ã  la
-Â«Â balle bondissanteÂ Â» du karaoke qui rebondit sur les paroles affichÃ©es Ã 
-l'Ã©cran au moment oÃ¹ il faut les chanter.Â <a
-href="#TransNote7-rev">&#8593;</a></li>
+killer]</i> de l'Ã©poque.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote5" href="#TransNote5-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Free University Compiler Kit</i> peut s'interprÃ©ter de deux maniÃ¨res
+diffÃ©rentes, car on ne sait pas si l'adjectif <i>free</i> qualifie
+<i>compiler kit</i> ou <i>university</i>. En fait, il s'agit du Â«Â kit de
+compilation de l'UniversitÃ© Libre (d'Amsterdam)Â Â».</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote6" href="#TransNote6-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>C-shell</i> se prononce de la mÃªme faÃ§on que <i>seashell</i>
+(coquillage). Il n'est pas impossible que ce jeu de mots soit voulu.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote7" href="#TransNote7-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Bouncing ball</i>Â : peut-Ãªtre une allusion Ã  la Â«Â balle bondissanteÂ 
Â» du
+karaoke qui rebondit sur les paroles affichÃ©es Ã  l'Ã©cran au moment oÃ¹ il
+faut les chanter.</li>
 </ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -1822,7 +1847,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -1852,7 +1877,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 <p>
-Copyright &copy; 1987, 2009, 2010, 2020 Richard Stallman et Bjrn Remseth
+Copyright &copy; 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman et Bjrn Remseth
 </p>
 <p>
 La reproduction exacte et la distribution de copies intÃ©grales de cette
@@ -1871,11 +1896,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/stallman-mec-india.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- philosophy/stallman-mec-india.fr.html       31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000      
1.48
+++ philosophy/stallman-mec-india.fr.html       14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 -0000      
1.49
@@ -1,73 +1,81 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>ConfÃ©rence de Stallman au Model Engineering College sur les dangers des
 brevets logiciels - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+ul.big-list li { margin-top: 1em; }
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+-->
+</style>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Le danger des brevets logiciels (2001)</h2> 
  
-<p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-<p> <em>ConfÃ©rence donnÃ©e au <i>Model Engineering College</i> du 
Gouvernement du
-Kerala (Inde) en 2001</em> (<a
-href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg";>enregistrement
-audio</a>)</p> 
-<hr class="thin" />
- 
-<div><h3><a id="sommaire">Sommaire</a></h3> 
- 
-<p><a href="#intro">PrÃ©sentation du confÃ©rencier</a></p> 
- 
-<p><a href="#conf">ConfÃ©rence de Stallman</a></p> 
- 
-<ul>
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf1">Il y a deux choses qui ne vont pas 
dans
-l'expression Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelleÂ Â».</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf2">Les copyrights et les brevets n'ont
-rien Ã  faire ensemble.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf3">Comment marche le systÃ¨me de
-brevets.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf4">Vous devez travailler avec un
-juriste.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf5">Contourner le brevet.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf6">Obtenir une licence 
d'exploitation.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf7">Contester la validitÃ© du 
brevet.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf8">Personne ne peut rÃ©inventer
-complÃ¨tement le domaine du logiciel.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf9">La relation entre brevets et 
produits
-varie suivant les spÃ©cialitÃ©s.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf10">Le dÃ©veloppement de programmes est
-freinÃ© par les brevets logiciels.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf11">Que peut faire un pays pour 
Ã©viter ce
-problÃ¨meÂ ?</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf12">C'est aux citoyens de l'Inde de
-prÃ©server leur pays des brevets logiciels.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf13">Les entreprises doivent exiger
-l'opposition aux brevets logiciels.</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#conf14">C'est important que les pays se
-concertent pour agir contre cela.</a></li>
-</ul> 
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
  
-<p><a href="#questions">Questions de l'auditoire</a></p> 
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>ConfÃ©rence donnÃ©e au <i>Model Engineering College</i> du Gouvernement du
+Kerala (Inde) en 2001 (<a
+href="//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg">enregistrement
+audio</a>)</p>
+</div>
 
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display"><a id="sommaire">Sommaire</a></h3>
 <ul>
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#questions1">Questions sur les brevets
-logiciels</a></li> 
-  <li><a class="nounderline" href="#questions2">Questions sur le logiciel
-libre</a></li>
+<li><a href="#intro">PrÃ©sentation du confÃ©rencier</a></li>
+<li><a href="#conf">ConfÃ©rence de Stallman</a>
+ <ul>
+  <li><a href="#conf1">Il y a deux choses qui ne vont pas dans l'expression
+Â«Â propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelleÂ Â».</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf2">Les copyrights et les brevets n'ont rien Ã  faire
+ensemble.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf3">Comment marche le systÃ¨me de brevets.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf4">Vous devez travailler avec un juriste.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf5">Contourner le brevet.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf6">Obtenir une licence d'exploitation.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf7">Contester la validitÃ© du brevet.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf8">Personne ne peut rÃ©inventer complÃ¨tement le domaine du
+logiciel.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf9">La relation entre brevets et produits varie suivant les
+spÃ©cialitÃ©s.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf10">Le dÃ©veloppement de programmes est freinÃ© par les 
brevets
+logiciels.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf11">Que peut faire un pays pour Ã©viter ce problÃ¨meÂ 
?</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf12">C'est aux citoyens de l'Inde de prÃ©server leur pays 
des
+brevets logiciels.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf13">Les entreprises doivent exiger l'opposition aux brevets
+logiciels.</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#conf14">C'est important que les pays se concertent pour agir
+contre cela.</a></li>
+ </ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#questions">Questions de l'auditoire</a>
+ <ul>
+  <li><a href="#questions1">Questions sur les brevets logiciels</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#questions2">Questions sur le logiciel libre</a></li>
+ </ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
 </div> 
  
-<!-- Summary -->
 <div><h3 id="intro"><a href="#sommaire" class="nounderline">&#8593;</a> 
PrÃ©sentation du
 confÃ©rencier</h3> 
  
-<p><strong>Le Professeur Jyothi John, responsable du dÃ©partement
-d'informatique, prÃ©sente StallmanÂ :</strong></p> 
+<p><em>Le Professeur Jyothi John, responsable du dÃ©partement d'informatique,
+prÃ©sente StallmanÂ :</em></p>
  
 <p> C'est pour moi un privilÃ¨ge d'accueillir et un devoir de vous prÃ©senter
 l'hÃ´te le plus illustre qui ait jamais rendu visite Ã  ce collÃ¨ge.</p> 
@@ -170,7 +178,7 @@
 ensemble. Permettez-moi de vous citer quelques-unes des diffÃ©rences
 fondamentales entre les copyrights et les brevetsÂ :</p> 
  
-<ul class="blurbs">
+<ul class="big-list">
   <li> Un copyright s'applique Ã  une Åuvre particuliÃ¨re, la plupart du temps
 Ã©crite, et il concerne les dÃ©tails de cette Åuvre. Les idÃ©es en sont
 complÃ¨tement exclues. Les brevets, au contraire&hellip; Eh bien, un brevet
@@ -429,7 +437,6 @@
 images qui puissent Ãªtre affichÃ©es par Netscape, alors elle ne peut pas
 migrer, Ã  moins que Netscape ne commence Ã  gÃ©rer le nouveau format&hellip;
 et ce n'Ã©tait pas le cas. 
-
 Il s'est passÃ© des annÃ©es, je pense, avant que Netscape gÃ¨re le format
 PNG. Pour l'essentiel, les gens disaientÂ : Â«Â Je ne peux pas changer, il faut
 que je&hellip;Â Â» Au final, la sociÃ©tÃ© avait tant investi dans ce seul 
format
@@ -828,14 +835,14 @@
 nombreuses copies de la mÃªme sous-unitÃ©, et la conception en est beaucoup
 plus facile âÂ il n'y a pas des millions de piÃ¨ces Ã  concevoir.</p> 
  
-<p> Pourquoi est-ce comme celaÂ ? C'est parce que dans les autres 
spÃ©cialitÃ©s les
-gens doivent composer avec la perversitÃ© de la matiÃ¨re. Quand on conÃ§oit des
-circuits, des voitures ou des produits chimiques, on est confrontÃ© au fait
-que ces substances physiques feront toujours ce qu'elles font, pas ce
-qu'elles devraient faire. Dans le logiciel, nous n'avons pas ce problÃ¨me, ce
-qui rend les choses immensÃ©ment plus faciles. Nous concevons une collection
-de piÃ¨ces mathÃ©matiques idÃ©ales qui ont des dÃ©finitions. Leur comportement
-est exactement celui qui est prÃ©vu par leur dÃ©finition.</p> 
+<p> Pourquoi celaÂ ? C'est que dans les autres spÃ©cialitÃ©s les gens doivent
+composer avec la perversitÃ© de la matiÃ¨re. Quand on conÃ§oit des circuits,
+des voitures ou des produits chimiques, on est confrontÃ© au fait que ces
+substances physiques feront toujours ce qu'elles font, pas ce qu'elles
+devraient faire. Dans le logiciel, nous n'avons pas ce problÃ¨me, ce qui rend
+les choses immensÃ©ment plus faciles. Nous concevons une collection de piÃ¨ces
+mathÃ©matiques idÃ©ales qui ont des dÃ©finitions. Leur comportement est
+exactement celui qui est prÃ©vu par leur dÃ©finition.</p>
  
 <p> Ainsi, il y a beaucoup de problÃ¨mes que nous n'avons pas. Par exemple, si
 nous mettons une condition <code>if</code> Ã  l'intÃ©rieur d'une boucle
@@ -1388,7 +1395,7 @@
 publique. C'est Ã  nous de dÃ©cider ce qui est bon pour les citoyens <em>dans
 leur ensemble</em>.</p>
  
-  <p><b>Auditoire</b>Â : [applaudissements]</p> 
+  <p><b>Auditoire</b>Â : <span>[applaudissements]</span></p>
  
   <p>Ne laissons pas quelqu'un nous direÂ : Â«Â Je veux un monopole parce que 
je
 suis si important que j'y ai droit, donc interdisez Ã  tous les autres de
@@ -1506,17 +1513,18 @@
  
   <dd><b>R</b>Â : La propriÃ©tÃ© physique ne peut Ãªtre qu'Ã  un endroit Ã  la
 fois. Vous savez, il ne peut y avoir qu'une seule personne assise sur une
-chaise de maniÃ¨re normale. [applaudissements] Vous savez que ce sont des
-questions complÃ¨tement diffÃ©rentes. Vous savez qu'essayer de gÃ©nÃ©raliser Ã 
-outrance est une dÃ©marche idiote. Nous avons affaire Ã  des lois compliquÃ©es
-qui ont beaucoup, beaucoup, beaucoup de dÃ©tails compliquÃ©s et vous nous
-demandez d'ignorer tous ces dÃ©tails. Nous avons affaire Ã  des lois qui ont
-des effets compliquÃ©s dans divers domaines, et vous nous demandez d'ignorer
-les dÃ©tails de leurs effets. Je pense que si nous parlons d'une question de
-politique publique, nous devons nous intÃ©resser aux rÃ©sultats concrets de
-cette politique, pas Ã  une quelconque thÃ©orie dÃ©crivant les rÃ©sultats
-prÃ©dits par une certaine idÃ©ologie. Je vous parle de rÃ©sultats concrets. Je
-vous dÃ©cris ce que j'ai vu et ce que d'autres programmeurs ont vu.</dd> 
+chaise de maniÃ¨re normale. <span>[applaudissements]</span> Vous savez que ce
+sont des questions complÃ¨tement diffÃ©rentes. Vous savez qu'essayer de
+gÃ©nÃ©raliser Ã  outrance est une dÃ©marche idiote. Nous avons affaire Ã  des
+lois compliquÃ©es qui ont beaucoup, beaucoup, beaucoup de dÃ©tails compliquÃ©s
+et vous nous demandez d'ignorer tous ces dÃ©tails. Nous avons affaire Ã  des
+lois qui ont des effets compliquÃ©s dans divers domaines, et vous nous
+demandez d'ignorer les dÃ©tails de leurs effets. Je pense que si nous parlons
+d'une question de politique publique, nous devons nous intÃ©resser aux
+rÃ©sultats concrets de cette politique, pas Ã  une quelconque thÃ©orie
+dÃ©crivant les rÃ©sultats prÃ©dits par une certaine idÃ©ologie. Je vous parle 
de
+rÃ©sultats concrets. Je vous dÃ©cris ce que j'ai vu et ce que d'autres
+programmeurs ont vu.</dd>
  
 <dt><b>Q</b>Â : Monsieur, qu'en est-il du brevet LZWÂ ? Est-il&hellip;</dt> 
  
@@ -1913,9 +1921,9 @@
  
   <p> Est-ce qu'il y a encore des questionsÂ ?</p></dd> 
  
-<dt><b>Q</b>Â : [...]</dt> 
+<dt><b>Q</b>Â : [&hellip;]</dt>
  
-  <dd><b>A</b>Â : Je ne peux pas du tout vous entendre, je suis dÃ©solÃ© [...]
+  <dd><b>R</b>Â : Je ne peux pas du tout vous entendre, je suis dÃ©solÃ© 
[&hellip;]
 murmurer. Je suis un peu dur d'oreille, et quand on combine Ã§a avec le bruit
 des ventilateurs et avec l'accent inhabituel, au final c'est trÃ¨s difficile
 pour moi de distinguer les mots.</dd>
@@ -1946,7 +1954,7 @@
   <dd><b>R</b>Â : Oh oui, nous n'avons pas Ã  nous prÃ©occuper de la quantitÃ© 
de
 chaleur que la condition <code>if</code>&hellip;</dd> 
  
-<dt><b>Q</b>Â : Oui, oui, exactement. Alors, qu'est-ce que c'est que l'effet de
+<dt><b>Q</b>Â : Oui, oui, exactement. Alors, qu'est-ce que c'est que cet effet 
de
 cascadeÂ ? Si je change la structure de la boucle, il y aura un effet.</dt> 
  
   <dd><b>R</b>Â : Bien sÃ»r. Le programme va se comporter diffÃ©remment si 
vous le
@@ -1962,7 +1970,7 @@
 <dt><b>Q</b>Â : Donc vous admettez qu'il y a un effet.</dt> 
  
   <dd><b>R</b>Â : Naturellement. Je n'ai jamais dit autre chose. Je suis 
dÃ©solÃ© que
-vous l'ayez pensÃ©. C'est sÃ»r que si vous modifiez un programme il va se
+vous l'ayez cru. C'est sÃ»r que si vous modifiez un programme il va se
 comporter diffÃ©remment.</dd> 
  
 <dt><b>Q</b>Â : Monsieur, quelle est votre opinion sur les distributions
@@ -2072,12 +2080,13 @@
  
   <dd><b>R</b>Â : Eh bien, dans ce cas, alors ce n'est pas un prÃ©jugÃ©, vous
 voyez. Windows est un systÃ¨me, un systÃ¨me social, qui maintient les gens
-dans un Ã©tat d'impuissance et de division [applaudissements], tandis que
-GNU/Linux est une alternative qui a Ã©tÃ© crÃ©Ã©e spÃ©cifiquement pour libÃ©rer
-les gens et les encourager Ã  coopÃ©rer. Donc dans une certaine mesure, ce
-n'est pas commeÂ : Â«Â Est-ce que vous Ãªtes nÃ© dans tel ou tel paysÂ ?Â Â» 
Non,
-c'est comme un choix politique. Et il est raisonnable de critiquer les gens
-sur les choix qu'ils font, s'agissant de questions importantes. 
+dans un Ã©tat d'impuissance et de division <span>[applaudissements]</span>,
+tandis que GNU/Linux est une alternative qui a Ã©tÃ© crÃ©Ã©e spÃ©cifiquement 
pour
+libÃ©rer les gens et les encourager Ã  coopÃ©rer. Donc dans une certaine
+mesure, ce n'est pas commeÂ : Â«Â Est-ce que vous Ãªtes nÃ© dans tel ou tel
+paysÂ ?Â Â» Non, c'est comme un choix politique. Et il est raisonnable de
+critiquer les gens sur les choix qu'ils font, s'agissant de questions
+importantes.
  
   <p> Ainsi, je dirais, une personne qui utilise Windows, eh bien, elle 
soutient
 activement cette structure de pouvoir, ou du moins elle en est prisonniÃ¨re
@@ -2243,10 +2252,10 @@
 rÃ©pondre aux questions, j'en suis dÃ©solÃ©. Maintenant, je vais devoir mettre
 fin au dÃ©bat et aller dÃ©jeuner. Merci de m'avoir Ã©coutÃ©.</p> 
  
-<p>[Applaudissements]</p> 
- 
+<p><span>[Applaudissements]</span></p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
  
-<h3>Note</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
 
 <p> <!-- [Dead as of 2019-03-23], and a more recent one (now closed) can be 
found at <a
 href="http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/";>
@@ -2255,43 +2264,53 @@
 brevets logiciels dont il est question ici est <a
 
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061205023601/http://noepatents.org/index_html?NO_COOKIE=true";>archivÃ©e</a>.
 </p> 
-<p>Voir Ã©galement notre campagne <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>pour la
-disparition des brevets logiciels</a> pour plus d'information sur ce sujet.</p>
+<p>Voir Ã©galement notre campagne <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";>pour
+la disparition des brevets logiciels</a> pour plus d'information sur ce
+sujet.</p>
+</div>
 </div> 
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
 <hr /><b>Notes de traduction</b><ol id="translator-notes-alpha">
-<li id="TransNote1">Fondation pour le logiciel libre.Â <a
-href="#TransNote1-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote2">L'expression <i>free software</i> (logiciel libre) est
-ambiguÃ«, car <i>free</i> a deux significationsÂ : Â«Â libreÂ Â» et
-Â«Â gratuitÂ Â».Â <a href="#TransNote2-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote3">Association pour le dÃ©veloppement des outils
-informatiques.Â <a href="#TransNote3-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote4">RecalculÂ : ensemble des calculs effectuÃ©s par le tableur
-sur une feuille de calcul au cours d'une opÃ©ration.Â <a
-href="#TransNote4-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote5"><i>Reasonable searching</i>Â : dans un procÃ¨s en
-contrefaÃ§on de brevet, le tribunal essaie entre autres de dÃ©terminer si la
-contrefaÃ§on Ã©tait intentionnelle, c'est-Ã -dire si le dÃ©fendeur connaissait
-l'existence du brevet ou aurait pu la dÃ©couvrir par une Â«Â recherche
-raisonnableÂ Â».Â <a href="#TransNote5-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote6">Ligue pour la libertÃ© de programmer.Â <a
-href="#TransNote6-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote7"><i>General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</i>Â : Accord
-gÃ©nÃ©ral sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce.Â <a href="#TransNote7-rev"
-class="nounderline">â</a></li>
-<li id="TransNote8">Plus prÃ©cisÃ©mentÂ : mÃ©thodes pour l'exercice 
d'activitÃ©s
-Ã©conomiques. Autre traductionÂ : mÃ©thodes commerciales.Â <a
-href="#TransNote8-rev" class="nounderline">â</a></li>
+<li><a id="TransNote1" href="#TransNote1-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Fondation pour le logiciel libre.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote2" href="#TransNote2-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+L'expression <i>free software</i> (logiciel libre) est ambiguÃ«, car
+<i>free</i> a deux significationsÂ : Â«Â libreÂ Â» et Â«Â gratuitÂ Â».</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote3" href="#TransNote3-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Association pour le dÃ©veloppement des outils informatiques.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote4" href="#TransNote4-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+RecalculÂ : ensemble des calculs effectuÃ©s par le tableur sur une feuille de
+calcul au cours d'une opÃ©ration.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote5" href="#TransNote5-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>Reasonable searching</i>Â : dans un procÃ¨s en contrefaÃ§on de brevet, le
+tribunal essaie entre autres de dÃ©terminer si la contrefaÃ§on Ã©tait
+intentionnelle, c'est-Ã -dire si le dÃ©fendeur connaissait l'existence du
+brevet ou aurait pu la dÃ©couvrir par une Â«Â recherche raisonnableÂ Â».</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote6" href="#TransNote6-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Ligue pour la libertÃ© de programmer.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote7" href="#TransNote7-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+<i>General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</i>Â : Accord gÃ©nÃ©ral sur les
+tarifs douaniers et le commerce.</li>
+<li><a id="TransNote8" href="#TransNote8-rev"
+class="nounderline">&#8593;</a>Â 
+Plus prÃ©cisÃ©mentÂ : mÃ©thodes pour l'exercice d'activitÃ©s Ã©conomiques. 
Autre
+traductionÂ : mÃ©thodes commerciales.</li>
 </ol></div>
 </div>
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -2311,7 +2330,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -2340,8 +2359,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p> Copyright &copy; 2001, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p> 
+<p> Copyright &copy; 2001, 2012, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
  
 <p>Cette page peut Ãªtre utilisÃ©e suivant les conditions de la licence <a
 rel="license"
@@ -2359,11 +2377,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
  
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $ 
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
  
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p> 
 </div> 
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body> 
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html     30 Dec 2019 12:08:31 
-0000      1.34
+++ philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr-en.html     14 Sep 2021 21:32:22 
-0000      1.35
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; Could Mean Unlimited
 Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; could mean unlimited
-software patents</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>
-The Guardian</a></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; Could Mean Unlimited
+Software Patents</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
 
 <p>Just as the US software industry is experiencing <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>the
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/tal-when-patents-attack";>the
 long anticipated all-out software patent wars</a> that we have
 anticipated, the European Union has a plan to follow the same course.
 When the Hargreaves report urged the UK to avoid software patents, the
@@ -20,12 +26,13 @@
 <p>Software patents are dangerous to software developers because they
 impose monopolies on software ideas. It is not feasible or safe to
 develop nontrivial software if you must thread a maze of patents. See
-&ldquo;Software Patents and Literary Patents&rdquo;, Guardian, June 20,
-2005.</p>
+&ldquo;<a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html">Software
+Patents and Literary Patents</a>.&rdquo; <!-- Guardian, June 23,
+2005 --></p>
 
 <p>Every program combines many ideas; a large program implements thousands
 of them. Google recently estimated there <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>might
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/04/apple-patents-android-expensive-google";>might
 be 250,000 patented ideas</a> in a smartphone. I find that figure
 plausible because in 2004 I estimated that the GNU/Linux operating
 system implemented around 100,000 actually patented ideas. (Linux, the
@@ -42,8 +49,8 @@
 <p>The Commission's text was written in a sneaky way: when read by
 laymen, it appeared to forbid patents on pure software ideas, because it
 required a patent application to have a physical aspect.  However, it
-did not require the &ldquo;inventive step&rdquo;, the advance that
-constitutes a patentable &ldquo;invention&rdquo;, to be physical.</p>
+did not require the &ldquo;inventive step,&rdquo; the advance that
+constitutes a patentable &ldquo;invention,&rdquo; to be physical.</p>
 
 <p>This meant that a patent application could present the required physical
 aspect just by mentioning the usual physical elements of the computer on
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@
 courts) removed, the EPO could impose software patents, or any other
 controversial kind of patents. For instance, if it chooses to decide
 that natural genes are patentable, as <a
-href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>a
+href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110729/16573515324/appeals-court-says-genes-are-patentable-because-theyre-separate-your-dna.shtml";>a
 US appeals court just did</a>, no one could reverse that decision except
 perhaps the European Court of Justice.</p>
 
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@
 thousands of software patents, in contempt for the treaty that
 established it. (See &ldquo;<a
 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120193501/https://webshop.ffii.org/";>Your
-web shop is patented</a>&rdquo;.) At present, though, each state decides
+web shop is patented</a>.&rdquo;) At present, though, each state decides
 whether those patents are valid. If the unitary patent system is adopted
 and the EPO gets unchecked power to decide, Europe will get US-style
 patent wars.</p>
@@ -116,13 +123,13 @@
 doing things wrong everywhere.</p>
 
 <p>The UK government seems to wish for the disaster, since <a
-href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>it
 stated in
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/commissairebarnier.pdf";>it
 stated in
 December 2010 [archived]</a> that it wanted the ECJ not have a say over the 
system.
 Will the government listen to Hargreaves and change its mind about this
 plan? Britons must insist on this.</p>
 
 <p>More information about the drawbacks and legal flaws of this plan can be
-found in <a href="http://unitary-patent.eu";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
+found in <a href="https://www.unitary-patent.eu/";>unitary-patent.eu</a>.</p>
 
 <p>You will note that the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; has not
 been used in this article. That term spreads confusion because it is
@@ -131,11 +138,19 @@
 effects that generalizing about the two is a mistake. Absolutely
 nothing in this article pertains to copyright law. To avoid leading
 people to generalize about disparate laws, I never use the term
-&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;, and I never miss it either.</p>
+&ldquo;intellectual property,&rdquo; and I never miss it either.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>First published in <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/aug/22/european-unitary-patent-software-warning";>
+The Guardian</a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -153,13 +168,13 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -180,7 +195,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -190,10 +205,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:31 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:22 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html      31 May 2021 10:30:23 
-0000      1.18
+++ philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.fr-en.html      14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 
-0000      1.19
@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
  <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-hardware-designs.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</h2>
 
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
-
-<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
-     anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote>
-<p>Most of this article was published in two parts in Wired in
-March 2015.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard 
+Stallman</a></address>
 
+<div class="introduction">
 <p>To what extent do the ideas of free software extend to hardware?
 Is it a moral obligation to make our hardware designs free, just as it
 is to make our software free?  Does maintaining our freedom require
 rejecting hardware made from nonfree designs?</p>
+</div>
 
 <h3 id="definitions">Definitions</h3>
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@
 
 <p>We can use the term &ldquo;libre hardware&rdquo; as a concise
 equivalent for &ldquo;hardware made from a free (libre)
-design&rdquo;.</p>
+design.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>The terms &ldquo;open hardware&rdquo; and &ldquo;open source
 hardware&rdquo; are used by some with the same concrete meaning as
@@ -167,15 +170,15 @@
 
 <p>Be careful to choose 3D printers that work with exclusively free
 software; the Free Software Foundation <a
-href="http://fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement";>endorses such
+href="https://ryf.fsf.org/";>endorses such
 printers</a>.  Some 3D printers are made from free hardware designs,
 but <a
-href="http://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot's
+href="https://www.cnet.com/news/pulling-back-from-open-source-hardware-makerbot-angers-some-adherents/";>Makerbot's
 hardware designs are nonfree</a>.</p>
 
 <h3 id="reject-nonfree">Must We Reject Nonfree Digital Hardware?</h3>
 
-<p>Is a nonfree digital <a href="#fn1">(*)</a> hardware design an
+<p>Is a nonfree digital <a href="#fn1">[1]</a> hardware design an
 injustice?  Must we, for our freedom's sake, reject all digital
 hardware made from nonfree designs, as we must reject nonfree
 software?</p>
@@ -242,12 +245,6 @@
 <p>That future is years away, at least.  In the meantime, there is no
 need to reject hardware with nonfree designs on principle.</p>
 
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn1">* As used here, &ldquo;digital hardware&rdquo; includes
-hardware with some analog circuits and components in addition to
-digital ones.</p>
-
 <h3 id="free-designs">We Need Free Digital Hardware Designs</h3>
 
 <p>Although we need not reject digital hardware made from nonfree
@@ -323,9 +320,9 @@
 present circumstances, just making one level free is a significant
 advance.</p>
 
-<p>However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree parts
-&mdash; for example, a &ldquo;free&rdquo; HDL circuit that
-incorporates proprietary &ldquo;soft cores&rdquo; &mdash; we must
+<p>However, if a design at one level combines free and nonfree
+parts&mdash;for example, a &ldquo;free&rdquo; HDL circuit that
+incorporates proprietary &ldquo;soft cores&rdquo;&mdash;we must
 conclude that the design as a whole is nonfree at that level.
 Likewise for nonfree &ldquo;wizards&rdquo; or &ldquo;macros,&rdquo; if
 they specify part of the interconnections of chips or programmably
@@ -367,9 +364,9 @@
 to make them and use them (and that's a freedom we need very much).
 In the US, copyright does not cover the functional aspects that the
 design describes, but <a
-href="http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>does cover 
decorative
+href="https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap13.html#1301";>does cover 
decorative
 aspects</a>.  When one object has decorative aspects and functional
-aspects, you get into tricky ground <a href="#fn2">(*)</a>.</p>
+aspects, you get into tricky ground <a href="#fn2">[2]</a>.</p>
 
 <p>All this may be true in your country as well, or it may not.
 Before producing objects commercially or in quantity, you should
@@ -384,16 +381,6 @@
 href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">intellectual property</a>&rdquo; is
 pure confusion and should be totally rejected.</p>
 
-<hr />
-
-<p id="fn2">* An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information
-about this <a
-href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
-complexity</a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of
-using the bogus concept of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; and the
-propaganda term &ldquo;<a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>.&rdquo;</p>
-
 <h3 id="promoting">Promoting Free Hardware Designs Through Repositories</h3>
 
 <p>The most effective way to push for published hardware designs to be
@@ -419,7 +406,7 @@
 <p>The repository should require all designs to be published as source
 code, and source code in secret formats usable only by proprietary
 design programs is not really adequate.  For a 3D model, the <a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29";>STL
+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STL_%28file_format%29";>STL
 format</a> is not the preferred format for changing the design and
 thus is not source code, so the repository should not accept it,
 except perhaps accompanying real source code.</p>
@@ -442,10 +429,35 @@
 free.  What we need is to recognize as a community that this is what
 we should do and to insist on free designs when we fabricate objects
 ourselves.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="fn1">As used here, &ldquo;digital hardware&rdquo; includes
+hardware with some analog circuits and components in addition to
+digital ones.</li>
+
+<li id="fn2">An article by Public Knowledge gives useful information
+about this <a
+href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/assets/uploads/documents/3_Steps_for_Licensing_Your_3D_Printed_Stuff.pdf";>
+complexity</a>, for the US, though it falls into the common mistake of
+using the bogus concept of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; and the
+propaganda term &ldquo;<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection">protection</a>.&rdquo;</li>
+</ol>
+
+<!-- rms: I deleted the links because of Wired's announced
+     anti-ad-block system -->
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Most of this article was published in two parts in <cite>Wired</cite> in
+March 2015.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -463,13 +475,13 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -490,7 +502,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -500,7 +512,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 10:30:23 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.fr-en.html       15 Nov 2020 10:30:39 
-0000      1.2
+++ philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.fr-en.html       14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 
-0000      1.3
@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
 <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
  <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-rocket.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances
 </h2>
 
@@ -111,7 +117,7 @@
 control.  Even things as minutely directed by the user as text
 editing!  This is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for
 your freedom.  We call that &ldquo;Service as a Software
-Substitute&rdquo;, SaaSS for short (see
+Substitute,&rdquo; SaaSS for short (see
 &ldquo;<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Who
 does that server really serve?</a>&rdquo;), and we reject it.</p>
 
@@ -126,11 +132,11 @@
 non-computational service of transporting cargoes, and you could use
 it sometimes; or you could choose some other method, perhaps to buy a
 spaceship and operate it yourself.</p>
-
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -175,7 +181,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -185,7 +191,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/11/15 10:30:39 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: philosophy/po/greve-clown.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/greve-clown.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- philosophy/po/greve-clown.fr-en.html        6 Oct 2020 17:31:00 -0000       
1.35
+++ philosophy/po/greve-clown.fr-en.html        14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      
1.36
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
 <title>History and Philosophy of the GNU Project
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
 <!-- top-addendum is disabled because the original text was written in German
@@ -7,25 +9,29 @@
 <!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/greve-clown.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>History and Philosophy of the GNU Project</h2>
 
-<address class="byline"><strong>Georg C. F. Greve</strong>
+<address class="byline">Georg C. F. Greve
 <a href="mailto:greve@gnu.org";>&lt;greve@gnu.org&gt;</a></address>
 
-<p><em>Translation of a speech that was given in German
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Translation of a speech that was given in German
 at the CLOWN (Cluster of Working Nodes&mdash;
 a 512-node cluster project of Debian GNU/Linux machines) in the
-University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, 1998.</em></p>
+University of Paderborn, Germany, on December 5th, 1998.</p>
 
-<p><em>The
+<p>The
 <a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">German original</a>
-is also available.  Reading the original is recommended.</em></p>
-
+is also available.  Reading the original is recommended.</p>
+</div>
 <hr class="thin" />
 
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote>
-<p>
+<div class="introduction" role="complementary">
+<p><em>
 Author's note: In translating this speech, I have tried to stay as close as
 possible to the original speech that I have given in German. Breaking
 up the German structures and turning them into reasonable English has
@@ -33,8 +39,8 @@
 Chapin, a good friend and native American, who helped me with some
 phrases and words. The translation will never hold the same emotions
 and implications, but I think we got very close&hellip;
-</p>
-</blockquote>
+</em></p>
+</div>
 <p>
 During the preparation of this speech, I have read several documents
 and spoken to a lot of people. In doing so, I realized that even people 
@@ -370,7 +376,7 @@
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -391,33 +397,16 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
 <p>Copyright &copy; 1998 Georg C. F. Greve</p>
 
 <p id="Permission">Permission is granted to make and distribute
@@ -428,10 +417,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 17:31:00 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/hackathons.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/hackathons.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/po/hackathons.fr-en.html 27 Mar 2021 14:01:44 -0000      1.2
+++ philosophy/po/hackathons.fr-en.html 14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      1.3
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
 <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Hackathons should insist on free software
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
  <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hackathons.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Why hackathons should insist on free software</h2>
+
 <address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<div class="thin"></div>
 
 <p>Hackathons are an accepted method of giving community support to
 digital development projects.  The community invites developers to
@@ -46,8 +51,8 @@
 computing of certain companies: in some cases, <a
 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en";>
 European</a> and <a
-href="http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>Canadian banks</a>, and 
-<a href="http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners";>
+href="https://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital";>Canadian banks</a>, and 
+<a 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011626/http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog";>
 Expedia</a>.  While they don't explicitly say, the announcements give the
 impression that they aim to promote development of some nonfree
 software, and that attendees are meant to help these non-charitable
@@ -161,10 +166,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/03/27 14:01:44 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html  15 Dec 2018 14:46:40 
-0000      1.5
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.fr-en.html  14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 
-0000      1.6
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
  <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kernel-trap-interview.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005</h2>
 
-
-<p><em>An interview by Jeremy Andrews with Richard Stallman in
-2005</em><br />
-<em>Source:</em>
-  <a 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
-    http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
-  [Archived]</p>
-<hr class="thin"/>
+<address class="byline">conducted by Jeremy Andrews</address>
 
 <p>Richard Stallman founded the GNU Project in 1984, and the Free
 Software Foundation in 1985. He also originally authored a number of
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@
 Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU symbolic debugger (GDB) and GNU
 Emacs.</p>
 
-<p>To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU project, I
+<p>To better understand Richard Stallman and the GNU Project, I
 recommend you begin by reviewing their philosophy page. On it you will
 find a wealth of information.</p>
 
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@
 <h3>&ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;</h3>
 
 <p><strong>JA</strong>: Another frequent area of confusion is the name
-&ldquo;GNU/Linux.&rdquo; Why is the GNU project's contribution significant 
enough
+&ldquo;GNU/Linux.&rdquo; Why is the GNU Project's contribution significant 
enough
 that it should be in the name of the operating system, especially
 compared to other large pieces of any Linux-kernel based operating
 system, such as XFree86?</p>
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@
 Hurd's architecture, but with the Hurd it's trivial and the most
 natural thing in the world.</p>
 
-<h3>Writing Code vs. Management</h3>
+<h3>Writing Code versus Management</h3>
 
 <p><strong>JA</strong>: How much source code do you write these
 days?</p>
@@ -768,9 +767,18 @@
 
 <p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong>: Happy hacking!</p>
 
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Source:&nbsp;
+  <a 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621163233/http://kerneltrap.org/node/4484";>
+  kerneltrap.org/node/4484</a>
+  [Archived]</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -788,13 +796,13 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -815,7 +823,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2005, 2017, 2018 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman, Jeremy Andrews</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -825,7 +833,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:40 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: philosophy/po/rms-kol.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-kol.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- philosophy/po/rms-kol.fr-en.html    30 Dec 2019 12:08:33 -0000      1.34
+++ philosophy/po/rms-kol.fr-en.html    14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      1.35
@@ -1,14 +1,25 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
-<title>Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Richard Stallman's Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal 
Government (2006)
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-kol.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-   
-<h2>Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006</h2>
-
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal Government</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript of a speech that was given in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta)
+in August, 2006.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
 
 <p>There are a number of reasons why I'm not a communist. The first of
 them is that I'm not against the idea of private business, as long as
@@ -18,8 +29,8 @@
 
 <p>Computing is a new area of human life. So we have to think about
 the human rights associated with this. What are the human rights
-software users are entitled to? Four freedoms define Free Software. A
-programme is Free Software for a user if:</p>
+software users are entitled to? Four freedoms define free software. A
+program is free software for a user if:</p>
 
 <ul>
   <li>Freedom 0: Run the software as you wish.</li>
@@ -29,18 +40,18 @@
   versions.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<p>With these 4 Freedoms, you can live an upright life with your
+<p>With these four freedoms, you can live an upright life with your
 community.  If you use nonfree, proprietary software, the developer
 has the power to decide what you can do. He can use that power over
 you. Like Microsoft. That game is evil. Nobody should play it. So it's
 not a question of beating Microsoft at its game. I set out to get away
 from that game.</p>
 
-<p>Once GNU-Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was
+<p>Once GNU/Linux was ready in 1992, it began to catch on. It was
 reliable, powerful, cheap and flexible. Thousands and millions of
-people began to use GNU-Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be
-forgotten though. In 1998, people stopped talking about Free
-Software. Instead they said &ldquo;open source&rdquo;. That was a way
+people began to use GNU/Linux. But the ideals of freedom began to be
+forgotten though. In 1998, people stopped talking about free
+software. Instead they said &ldquo;open source.&rdquo; That was a way
 of not saying &ldquo;free&rdquo; and not mentioning the ideas behind
 it. I don't disagree with that, but that's not what I am interested
 in. What I'm really interested in most of all is to teach people to
@@ -60,9 +71,9 @@
 Even if that's inconvenient. Freedom needs some sacrifices, some
 inconvenience, some price. But it's a small price to pay.</p>
 
-<p>By globalisation, people usually mean globalisation of the power of
+<p>By globalization, people usually mean globalization of the power of
 business. Business should not have political power. Otherwise
-democracy becomes sick. And with globalisation of business power, this
+democracy becomes sick. And with globalization of business power, this
 political power is enhanced. Free trade treaties are designed to
 attack democracy. For instance, it explicitly allows any business to
 sue government if a law makes its profit less than it has been.
@@ -71,22 +82,22 @@
 explicitly. They do it implicitly. Companies can threaten to move away
 elsewhere. And they do use this threat. 
 <span class="gnun-split"></span>This actually happened some
-years ago, with the EU software patents. The govt of Denmark was
+years ago, with the EU software patents. The government of Denmark was
 threatened that if they did not support this the company would move
 the business elsewhere. This tiny threat was sufficient to blackmail
-the govt of Denmark. If you allow a foreign mega-corporation to buy a
+the government of Denmark. If you allow a foreign mega-corporation to buy a
 domestic corporation, you are allowing it to buy a weapon pointed
 against your country. The environment, public health, general
-standards of living&mdash;are all important, and free trade treaties
+standards of living, are all important, and free trade treaties
 should be abolished. They are harmful to freedom, health and the lives
 of people.</p>
 
-<p>I do not accept the term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;. The
+<p>I do not accept the term &ldquo;intellectual property.&rdquo; The
 very term is biased and confusing. It talks about useful techniques
-and works. It presumes they are &ldquo;property&rdquo;. It prejudges
+and works. It presumes they are &ldquo;property.&rdquo; It prejudges
 such questions. There's also a more subtle problem. It lumps together
 all the diverse things and makes it look like you can talk about all
-of them together. Copyright, patents, trade laws&mdash;are all very
+of them together. Copyright, patents, trade laws, are all very
 different. It takes the greatest efforts of the best scholars to
 overcome the confusion caused by the term &ldquo;intellectual
 property&rdquo; and to discuss the details of these individual
@@ -95,11 +106,11 @@
 GATT</abbr> Treaty and the <abbr title="Trade-Related Aspects of
 Intellectual Property Rights">TRIPS</abbr>&mdash;actually it should be
 called Trade-related Impediments to Education and Science. Free trade
-and enhancement of world trade harms democracy. When you globalise
-something evil, it becomes a greater evil. And when you globalise
+and enhancement of world trade harms democracy. When you globalize
+something evil, it becomes a greater evil. And when you globalize
 something good, it becomes a greater good. Human knowledge and
-cooperation are such &ldquo;goods&rdquo;. The Free Software Movement
-is a part of that. It is the globalisation of one area of human
+cooperation are such &ldquo;goods.&rdquo; The free software movement
+is a part of that. It is the globalization of one area of human
 knowledge, namely software. Through global cooperation like this, you
 get freedom and independence for every region and every country.</p>
 
@@ -116,12 +127,12 @@
 grip. They know how to do this. They know how to buy govt support. But
 what's the govt buying? Dependency, not development. Only Free
 Software constitutes development. It enables any activity to be fully
-under the control of the people doing it. Free Software is appropriate
+under the control of the people doing it. Free software is appropriate
 technology. Proprietary software is not appropriate for any use.</p>
 
-<p>The West Bengal govt has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm
+<p>The West Bengal government has an opportunity to adopt a policy of firm
 leadership in this regard. This will give a boost to human resource
-development. Free Software respects people's freedom. Govt has an
+development. Free software respects people's freedom. Government has an
 influence on the future of society. Choosing which software to teach
 students: if you teach them Windows, they will be Windows users. For
 something else, they need to learn, and make the effort to learn
@@ -133,13 +144,13 @@
 employers. This is a way to impose their power on the rest of society
 and its future. Schools have a mission to society. This mission
 requires teaching students to live in freedom, teaching skills to make
-it easy to live in freedom. This means using Free Software.</p>
+it easy to live in freedom. This means using free software.</p>
 
-<p>Free Software is good for computer science education, to maximise
+<p>Free software is good for computer science education, to maximise
 the potential of natural programmers. It gives students the
 opportunity to really learn. It's good for the natural programmers. If
 you have proprietary software, the teacher says &ldquo;I don't
-know&rdquo;, &ldquo;You are not allowed to know, it's a secret.&rdquo;
+know. You are not allowed to know, it's a secret.&rdquo;
 So the alternative is to give him the source codes and let him read it
 all. They will then learn to be really good programmers. 
 <span class="gnun-split"></span>But the most
@@ -147,31 +158,32 @@
 good corporations and benevolent, helpful citizens. This has to be
 taught. School has to teach by example. If you bring software to
 class, you must share this with other kids. Or don't bring it. Schools
-must follow their own rule, by bringing Free Software to class.
-Schools should use 100% Free Software. No proprietary software should
+must follow their own rule, by bringing free software to class.
+Schools should use 100% free software. No proprietary software should
 be used in schools. Public agencies, after a migration period, should
-use Free Software. All software development must run on Free Software
-platforms. And if it's released to the public, it must be Free
-Software. (Free: as in free speech, not free beer.)</p>
-
-<p>One easy and useful way to put Free Software in schools&mdash;is to
-participate in the &ldquo;1 Laptop per Child&rdquo; programme. India
-recently pulled out of this programme, I'm told. I'm told the Indian
-govt is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations
+use free software. All software development must run on free software
+platforms. And if it's released to the public, it must be free
+software. (Free: as in free speech, not free beer.)</p>
+
+<p>One easy and useful way to put free software in schools&mdash;is to
+participate in the &ldquo;One Laptop per Child&rdquo; program. India
+recently pulled out of this program, I'm told. I'm told the Indian
+governmentt is making lots of laws to make multinational corporations
 happy. Maybe this was to make Microsoft happy. Even if India is not,
-West Bengal can participate in the 1 Laptop per child programme. I can
+West Bengal can participate in the One Laptop per child program. I can
 put them in touch with the people developing that machine.</p>
 
-<p>The Govt of India is considering a vicious new copyright law,
+<p>The Government of India is considering a vicious new copyright law,
 imitating US law, in favour of large businesses, and against its
 citizens. The only emergency I can see that requires this being rushed
 through is catastrophic shortfall in the dream profits of some
 businesses! Foreigners should not have political power. In my case, I
 don't.</p>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -182,20 +194,20 @@
 
 <p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
         replace it with the translation of these two:
-
+/media/Gnu-local/www/philosophy/google-engineering-talk.html
         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -216,7 +228,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2006, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -226,10 +238,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:33 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html    1 Jul 2020 16:32:18 -0000       
1.37
+++ philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.fr-en.html    14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      
1.38
@@ -1,39 +1,51 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.87 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>RMS on Radio New Zealand -
 GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) { .toc li { display: inline-block; width: 95%; }}
+--></style>
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-on-radio-nz.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>RMS on Radio NZ - October 2009</h2>
-
-<p><em>Interview between Kim Hill (presenter) and Richard M Stallman</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>RMS on Radio New Zealand</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript (by Jim Cheetham) of an interview between Kim Hill (presenter)
+and Richard Stallman in October 2009.</p>
+</div>
 
-<div class="summary">
-<h3>Interesting sections</h3>
-<ul>
-<li>[<a href="#t0">00:00</a>] Introduction</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t1">00:40</a>] Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t2">00:19</a>] Terrorism and 9/11</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t3">04:30</a>] Barack Obama</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t4">06:23</a>] Airline Security</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t5">08:02</a>] Digital Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t6">10:26</a>] Systematic Surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t7">12:20</a>] Taxi surveillance</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t8">14:25</a>] Matters of Principle &mdash; cellphones</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t9">15:33</a>] Free Software and Freedom</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t10">17:24</a>] Free Trade treaties</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t11">20:08</a>] Cars, microwaves and planes</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t12">21:05</a>] Copying books</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t13">25:31</a>] E-books &amp; supporting artists</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t14">28:42</a>] Micropayments</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t15">30:47</a>] A simplistic political philosophy?</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t16">32:51</a>] Income</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t17">33:48</a>] Digital handcuffs &mdash; Amazon Kindle</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t18">36:13</a>] Buying books</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t19">37:16</a>] Social networking</li>
-<li>[<a href="#t20">38:08</a>] The
-<abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">ACTA</abbr></li>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Interesting sections</h3>
+<ul class="columns no-bullet">
+<li><a href="#t0">[00:00] Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t1">[00:40] Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t2">[00:19] Terrorism and 9/11</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t3">[04:30] Barack Obama</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t4">[06:23] Airline Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t5">[08:02] Digital Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t6">[10:26] Systematic Surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t7">[12:20] Taxi surveillance</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t8">[14:25] Matters of Principle&mdash;cellphones</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t9">[15:33] Free Software and Freedom</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t10">[17:24] Free Trade treaties</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t11">[20:08] Cars, microwaves and planes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t12">[21:05] Copying books</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t13">[25:31] E-books &amp; supporting artists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t14">[28:42] Micropayments</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t15">[30:47] A simplistic political philosophy?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t16">[32:51] Income</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t17">[33:48] Digital handcuffs&mdash;Amazon Kindle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t18">[36:13] Buying books</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t19">[37:16] Social networking</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t20">[38:08] The
+<abbr title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">ACTA</abbr></a></li>
 </ul>
 <hr class="no-display" />
 </div>
@@ -48,7 +60,7 @@
 us last year, against what he calls extreme capitalism.  His GNU
 operating system with Linux was the first Free operating system that
 could run on a PC.  Richard Stallman says &ldquo;it's all about
-freedom&rdquo;, a cause which goes beyond software; and we could talk
+freedom,&rdquo; a cause which goes beyond software; and we could talk
 about the others he's identified, surveillance and censorship, because
 he joins me now, hello.</dd>
 
@@ -73,7 +85,7 @@
 <dd>Because it's too much information to collect about people who
 aren't criminals.  And by the way for the same reason I will not ever
 go to Japan again unless they changed that policy, which makes me sad,
-but one must &hellip;</dd>
+but one must&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt id="t2">[01:19]<br />
 KH</dt>
@@ -93,14 +105,13 @@
 9/11?</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
-<dd>I can't say &hellip; first of all I think it's unfair &mdash; we
+<dd>I can't say &hellip; first of all I think it's unfair&mdash;we
 know that the attack was a conspiracy.  All the theories are
 conspiracies.</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>Well, all right, the conspiracy theory for example, that has the
-Bush administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify
-&hellip;</dd>
+Bush administration staging the 9/11 attack in order to justify&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I don't know.  The only way there could ever be proof of that is
@@ -126,8 +137,8 @@
 is &hellip; and remember that these governments are much more
 dangerous, it's quite clear that Bush's invasion of Iraq was far more
 destructive than anything non state-sponsored terrorists have been
-able to do &mdash; that's assuming that those terrorists in September
-2001 were not state-sponsored, which we don't know &mdash; but the
+able to do&mdash;that's assuming that those terrorists in September
+2001 were not state-sponsored, which we don't know&mdash;but the
 point is, what Bush did by invading Iraq, using those attacks as an
 excuse, was tremendously worse and we must remember than governments
 gone amok can do far more damage than anybody not state-sponsored.
@@ -163,14 +174,14 @@
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>Yeah, they may be entitled to that but he's also democratically
-elected President who &hellip;</dd>
+elected President who&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>That doesn't mean he's entitled to violate human rights.</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>No, but would the American people be in favor of the release of
-those &hellip;</dd>
+those&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I don't know.</dd>
@@ -182,15 +193,15 @@
 <dd>No it's not, if they're not that just makes them responsible.</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>I know you're &hellip;</dd>
+<dd>I know you're&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I don't think I can excuse massive violations of human rights by
 saying that the public is maddened and supports it.  Especially, why
 are they so maddened?  Because of a constant propaganda campaign
-telling you &ldquo;Be terrified of terrorists&rdquo;, &ldquo;throw
+telling you &ldquo;Be terrified of terrorists, throw
 away your human rights and everyone else's because you're so scared of
-these terrorists&rdquo;.  It's disproportionate, we have to keep these
+these terrorists.&rdquo;  It's disproportionate, we have to keep these
 dangers in their proportion, there isn't a campaign saying &ldquo;be
 terrified of getting in a car&rdquo; but maybe there ought to be.</dd>
 
@@ -207,7 +218,7 @@
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>But are you?  I would have thought that you would have said
 &ldquo;why would they spend money reinforcing the cabin doors because
-hijackers are a minor issue&rdquo;.</dd>
+hijackers are a minor issue.&rdquo;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I'm not against spending a little bit of money.</dd>
@@ -235,7 +246,7 @@
 <dt id="t5">[08:02]<br />
 KH</dt>
 <dd>If you don't agree with surveillance, is there any way that you
-would accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV &hellip;</dd>
+would accept that it might be quite a handy thing, CCTV&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>Wait a second, your view of surveillance is oversimplifying
@@ -245,7 +256,7 @@
 the Stasi, they did a lot of surveillance but it took a lot of people
 working on it and even then it was limited what they could actually
 watch and record because it was so hard.  Now, we're entering a kind
-of surveillance society that has never been seen before &hellip;</dd>
+of surveillance society that has never been seen before&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>You're talking about digital surveillance.</dd>
@@ -315,7 +326,7 @@
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>No, the difficulty is being on guard against the danger that
-you've cited, without giving quarter to &hellip;</dd>
+you've cited, without giving quarter to&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt id="t7">[12:20]<br />
 RMS</dt>
@@ -339,7 +350,7 @@
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>How come you can justify people being treated as if they're going
-to attack taxi drivers &hellip;</dd>
+to attack taxi drivers&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>But you see there the point is, those are not looked at unless
@@ -356,7 +367,7 @@
 
 <dt id="t8">[14:25]<br />
 KH</dt>
-<dd>As a matter of principle, rather than &hellip;</dd>
+<dd>As a matter of principle, rather than&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>As a matter of principle.  It's not an issue of convenience.</dd>
@@ -389,14 +400,14 @@
 participate in a system like that, I think people shouldn't.  It would
 be very convenient for me to have a cellphone, I'm not one of those
 people who would, who says &ldquo;I resent the fact that people can
-call me&rdquo;, it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not
+call me,&rdquo; it's convenient when people can call me, but I'm not
 going to do it that way.</dd>
 
 <dt id="t9">[15:33]<br />
 KH</dt>
 <dd>It's interesting that your battle for Free Software and the issues
 of freedom that you identify intersect.  They didn't start out being
-the same &mdash; or did they?</dd>
+the same&mdash;or did they?</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>Well they didn't start out being the same.  Pervasive digital
@@ -405,7 +416,7 @@
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>But the people who were in charge were still the people who were
 in charge, the people who you identified as the people you didn't want
-to see &hellip;</dd>
+to see&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>Well actually they're not the same people.  Proprietary software's
@@ -421,11 +432,11 @@
 <dd>Well I'm sorry, when I say extreme capitalism I'm talking about a
 philosophy, and that philosophy says &ldquo;the market should control
 everything, everything should be for sale, and business should be
-allowed to dominate politics and get the laws it wants&rdquo;, which
+allowed to dominate politics and get the laws it wants,&rdquo; which
 is very different from mere capitalism, which says &ldquo;within a
 society which we set up to protect peoples rights and so on, there are
 lots of things that people should be free to do, and make businesses
-to do them, as they wish&rdquo;.  That difference is why today's form
+to do them, as they wish.&rdquo;  That difference is why today's form
 of capitalism is running wild and why we see free exploitation
 treaties which basically undermine democracy and turn it in to a
 sham.</dd>
@@ -449,7 +460,7 @@
 <span class="gnun-split"></span>Of course it was they who decided to adopt 
that treaty in the
 first place which they shouldn't have done.  But then a lot of these
 treaties go beyond that, and they explicitly deny democracy.  Now the
-US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna &mdash; you weren't
+US had a law that said it wouldn't sell tuna&mdash;you weren't
 allowed to sell tuna in the US if it had been caught in a way that
 endangered dolphins.  Well that law had to be scrapped because of the
 World Trade Organization, that's just one example.</dd>
@@ -466,7 +477,7 @@
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>Of course, we're in favor of Free Trade here, Richard, because we
-rely on it &hellip;</dd>
+rely on it&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>Well I'm not in favor of free trade beyond a certain point.  The
@@ -602,8 +613,7 @@
 do, they want less.</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>So if being read and appreciated is what authors want
-&hellip;</dd>
+<dd>So if being read and appreciated is what authors want&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>Well they start out wanting.  Those who have got rich, some of
@@ -627,7 +637,7 @@
 <dd>Oh no I'm not, you're mistaken.</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
-<dd>If they cannot sell the book &hellip;</dd>
+<dd>If they cannot sell the book&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>You're mistaken, you're making a projection which people who know
@@ -662,8 +672,8 @@
 the current system mostly supports corporations, so I don't think it
 works very well.  And it makes a few authors quite rich, and those get
 treated with great deference by the corporations, and the rest
-basically get ground into the dust.  My proposals &mdash; I have two,
-and another that combines them &mdash; one proposal is support artists
+basically get ground into the dust.  My proposals&mdash;I have two,
+and another that combines them&mdash;one proposal is support artists
 using taxes, it could either be a specific tax on Internet
 connectivity or general funds, it wouldn't be a tremendous amount of
 money by comparison with other government expenditures, and then you
@@ -734,7 +744,7 @@
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>What about getting rid of taxes entirely, and giving us all the
-power to direct &hellip;</dd>
+power to direct&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I'm not against taxes.</dd>
@@ -841,8 +851,8 @@
 products are designed with digital handcuffs, that is features to stop
 the user from doing things.  So nowadays when I hear about a new
 product or a new service my first thought is &ldquo;what's malicious
-in that?&rdquo;, &ldquo;how is it designed to restrict what you can
-do?&rdquo;.  And these products are very malicious, for instance there
+in that? How is it designed to restrict what you can
+do?&rdquo;  And these products are very malicious, for instance there
 is the Amazon Kindle, it's an e-book reader, and they call it the
 Kindle to express what it's designed to do to our books&nbsp;[<a 
href="#f1">1</a>].</dd>
 
@@ -879,7 +889,7 @@
 <dt id="t18">[36:13]<br />
 RMS</dt>
 <dd>I buy books from bookstores, yes I go to a store and I say
-&ldquo;I want that one&rdquo;.</dd>
+&ldquo;I want that one.&rdquo;</dd>
 
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>And you hand money over for it?  Even though you think that that's
@@ -900,7 +910,7 @@
 <dt>KH</dt>
 <dd>As a matter of interest we've been talking about freedoms,
 surveillance and digital monitoring, does the extraordinary rise of
-social networking &hellip;</dd>
+social networking&hellip;</dd>
 
 <dt>RMS</dt>
 <dd>I buy CDs of music as well even though in that case I know the
@@ -942,7 +952,7 @@
 tell the public.  So the point is that the; many governments,
 including of course the US are conspiring in secret to impose new
 restrictions on us relating to copyright and part of their latest
-propaganda is they call sharing &ldquo;counterfeiting&rdquo;.  
+propaganda is they call sharing &ldquo;counterfeiting.&rdquo;  
 <span class="gnun-split"></span>But the
 point is that this treaty will have provisions to restrict the public,
 we think, but they won't tell us.  This is called Policy Laundering,
@@ -960,17 +970,18 @@
 </dl>
 
 <div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnote</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
 <ol>
   <li id="f1">[2019] We call it <a
 href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">the Swindle</a>
 because it's designed to swindle readers out of the traditional
 freedoms of readers of books.</li>
 </ol>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -988,51 +999,31 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
-<!-- This page is an exception; only the web page copyright year should
-     get updated.  -->
-<p>Web page Copyright &copy; 2014, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc.</p>
-<p>Transcript Copyright &copy; 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham.</p>
-
-<p>This transcript is licensed under the 
-<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/";>Creative 
-Commons Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives New Zealand</a> license.
+<p>Transcript Copyright &copy; 2009, 2010 Jim Cheetham</p>
+
+<p>This transcript is licensed under the <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/";>Creative 
+Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 New Zealand License</a>.
 </p>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 16:32:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/stallman-kth.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- philosophy/po/stallman-kth.fr-en.html       1 Jul 2020 16:32:18 -0000       
1.37
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-kth.fr-en.html       14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      
1.38
@@ -1,36 +1,45 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Speech in Sweden
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+--></style>
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-kth.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 30 October 1986</h2>
-
-<div style="text-align: center;">
-<p><em>(Kungliga Tekniska H&ouml;gskolan (Royal Institute of
-Technology))<br />
-Stockholm, Sweden</em></p>
-<p><em>
-Arranged by the student society<br />
-&ldquo;Datorf&ouml;reningen Stacken&rdquo;<br />
-30 October 1986
-</em></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986</h2>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcript of Richard Stallman's speech at the <i>Kungliga Tekniska
+H&ouml;gskolan</i> (Royal Institute of Technology) in
+Stockholm, Sweden, arranged by the student society <i>Datorf&ouml;reningen
+Stacken</i> on 30&nbsp;October&nbsp;1986.
+</p>
 </div>
+<hr class="thin" />
 
-<p><strong>[Note: This is a slightly edited transcript of the talk.
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><i>Note: This is a slightly edited transcript of the talk.
 As such it contains false starts, as well as locutions that are
 natural in spoken English but look strange in print.  It is not clear
-how to correct them to written English style without &lsquo;doing
-violence to the original speech&rsquo;.]</strong></p>
+how to correct them to written English style without doing
+violence to the original speech.</i></p>
+</div>
 
-<p>It seems that there are three things that people would like me to
+<p><b>Rms:</b> It seems that there are three things that people would like me 
to
 talk about.  On the one hand I thought that the best thing to talk
 about here for a club of hackers, was what it was like at the
 <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
 in the old days.  What made the Artificial Intelligence Lab such a
 special place.  But people tell me also that since these are totally
 different people from the ones who were at the conference Monday and
-Tuesday that I ought to talk about what's going on in the GNU project
+Tuesday that I ought to talk about what's going on in the GNU Project
 and that I should talk about why software and information can not be
 owned, which means three talks in all, and since two of those subjects
 each took an hour it means we're in for a rather long time.  So I had
@@ -38,11 +47,19 @@
 could go outside for the parts they are not interested in, and that
 then when I come to the end of a part I can say it's the end and
 people can go out and I can send Jan Rynning out to bring in the other
-people.  (Someone else says: &ldquo;Janne, han trenger ingen
-mike&rdquo; (translation: &ldquo;Janne, he doesn't need a
-mike&rdquo;)).  Jan, are you prepared to go running out to fetch the
-other people?  Jmr: I am looking for a microphone, and someone tells
-me it is inside this locked box.  Rms: Now in the old days at the AI
+people.</p>
+
+<p><span>[Someone else says: &ldquo;<i>Janne, han trenger ingen
+mike.</i>&rdquo; (Translation: &ldquo;Janne, he doesn't need a
+mike.&rdquo;)]</span></p>
+
+<p>Jan, are you prepared to go running out to fetch the
+other people?</p>
+
+<p><b>Jmr:</b> I am looking for a microphone, and someone tells
+me it is inside this locked box.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rms:</b> Now in the old days at the AI
 lab we would have taken a sledgehammer and cracked it open, and the
 broken door would be a lesson to whoever had dared to lock up
 something that people needed to use.  Luckily however I used to study
@@ -50,8 +67,8 @@
 microphone.</p>
 
 <p>Anyway, should I set up this system to notify you about the parts
-of the talk, or do you just like to sit through all of it?  (Answer:
-Yeaaah)</p>
+of the talk, or do you just like to sit through all of it?  <span>[Answer:
+Yeaaah]</span></p>
 
 <p>When I started programming, it was 1969, and I did it in an IBM
 laboratory in New York.  After that I went to a school with a computer
@@ -86,7 +103,7 @@
 place to put the things they were worried about, a desk they could
 lock, another little room.  But the point is that people usually don't
 bother to think about that.  They have the idea: &ldquo;This room is
-Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone else&rdquo;, and that is
+Mine, I can lock it, to hell with everyone else,&rdquo; and that is
 exactly the spirit that we must teach them not to have.</p>
 
 <p>But this spirit of unlocking doors wasn't an isolated thing, it was
@@ -179,7 +196,7 @@
 were ten times as competent as any field service person, they could do
 a much better job.  And then they would have the ruined boards, they
 would just leave them there and tell the field service person
-&ldquo;take these back and bring us some new ones&rdquo;.</p>
+&ldquo;take these back and bring us some new ones.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>In the real old days our hackers used to modify the machines that
 came from Digital also.  For example, they built paging-boxes to put
@@ -254,8 +271,8 @@
 the machine were just as numerous as before, so they were now the
 dominant party, and they were very scared.  Without hackers to
 maintain the system, they said, &ldquo;we're going to have a disaster,
-we must have commercial software&rdquo;, and they said &ldquo;we can
-expect the company to maintain it&rdquo;.  It proved that they were
+we must have commercial software,&rdquo; and they said &ldquo;we can
+expect the company to maintain it.&rdquo;  It proved that they were
 utterly wrong, but that's what they did.</p>
 
 <p>That was exactly when a new KL-10 system was supposed to arrive,
@@ -281,7 +298,7 @@
 mail files aren't properly protected on your system?&rdquo; &ldquo;Of
 course, no file is protected on our system.  What's the problem?  You
 got your answer sooner; why are you unhappy?  Of course we read each
-other's mail so we can find people like you and help them&rdquo;.
+other's mail so we can find people like you and help them.&rdquo;
 Some people just don't know when they're well off.</p>
 
 <p>But of course Twenex not only has security, and by default turns on
@@ -316,7 +333,7 @@
 people's wheel bits and posted a system message.  I have to explain
 that the name of this machine was OZ, so I posted a system message
 saying: &ldquo;There was another attempt to seize power.  So far the
-aristocratic forces have been defeated&mdash;Radio Free OZ&rdquo;.
+aristocratic forces have been defeated&mdash;Radio Free OZ.&rdquo;
 Later I discovered that &ldquo;Radio Free OZ&rdquo; is one of the
 things used by Firesign Theater.  I didn't know that at the time.</p>
 
@@ -331,13 +348,13 @@
 what it is.  Because I don't believe that it's really desirable to
 have security on a computer, I shouldn't be willing to help uphold the
 security regime.  On the systems that permit it I use the &ldquo;empty
-password&rdquo;, and on systems where that isn't allowed, or where
+password,&rdquo; and on systems where that isn't allowed, or where
 that means you can't log in at all from other places, things like
 that, I use my login name as my password.  It's about as obvious as
 you can get.  And when people point out that this way people might be
-able to log in as me, i say &ldquo;yes that's the idea, somebody might
+able to log in as me, I say &ldquo;yes that's the idea, somebody might
 have a need to get some data from this machine.  I want to make sure
-that they aren't screwed by security&rdquo;.</p>
+that they aren't screwed by security.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>And an other thing that I always do is I always turn of all
 protection on my directory and files, because from time to time I have
@@ -345,7 +362,7 @@
 able to fix it.</p>
 
 <p>But that machine wasn't designed also to support the phenomenon
-called &ldquo;tourism&rdquo;.  Now &ldquo;tourism&rdquo; is a very old
+called &ldquo;tourism.&rdquo;  Now &ldquo;tourism&rdquo; is a very old
 tradition at the AI lab, that went along with our other forms of
 anarchy, and that was that we'd let outsiders come and use the
 machine.  Now in the days where anybody could walk up to the machine
@@ -398,8 +415,8 @@
 started flushing my account.  And by that time I was mostly working on
 other machines anyway, so eventually I gave up and stopped ever
 turning it on again.  And that was that.  I haven't logged in on that
-machine as myself &hellip; [At this point RMS is interrupted by
-tremendous applause] &hellip; for.</p>
+machine as myself &hellip; <span>[At this point RMS is interrupted by
+tremendous applause.]</span> &hellip; for.</p>
 
 <p>But when they first got this Twenex system they had several changes
 in mind that they wanted to make.  Changes in the way security worked.
@@ -474,24 +491,24 @@
 that I could use the most amusing word in the English language as a
 name for this system, it was clear which choice I had to make.  And
 that word is of course GNU, which stands for &ldquo;Gnu's Not
-Unix&rdquo;.  The recursive acronym is a very old tradition among the
+Unix.&rdquo;  The recursive acronym is a very old tradition among the
 hacker community around MIT.  It started, I believe, with an editor
-called TINT, which means: &ldquo;Tint Is Not Teco&rdquo;, and later on
+called TINT, which means: &ldquo;Tint Is Not Teco,&rdquo; and later on
 it went through names such as &ldquo;SINE&rdquo; for &ldquo;SINE Is
-Not Emacs&rdquo;, and FINE for &ldquo;Fine Is Not Emacs&rdquo;, and
-EINE for &ldquo;Eine Is Not Emacs&rdquo;, and ZWEI for &ldquo;Zwei Was
-Eine Initially&rdquo;, and ultimately now arrives at GNU.</p>
+Not Emacs,&rdquo; and FINE for &ldquo;Fine Is Not Emacs,&rdquo; and
+EINE for &ldquo;Eine Is Not Emacs,&rdquo; and ZWEI for &ldquo;Zwei Was
+Eine Initially,&rdquo; and ultimately now arrives at GNU.</p>
 
 <p>I would say that since the time about two and a half years ago when
 I actually started working on GNU, I've done more than half of the
 work.  When I was getting ready to start working on the project, I
 first started looking around for what I could find already available
 free.  I found out about an interesting portable compiler system which
-was called &ldquo;the free university compiler kit&rdquo;, and I
+was called &ldquo;the free university compiler kit,&rdquo; and I
 thought, with a name like that, perhaps I could have it.  So, I sent a
 message to the person who had developed it asking if he would give it
-to the GNU project, and he said &ldquo;No, the university might be
-free, but the software they develop isn't&rdquo;, but he then said
+to the GNU Project, and he said &ldquo;No, the university might be
+free, but the software they develop isn't,&rdquo; but he then said
 that he wanted to have a Unix compatible system too, and he wanted to
 write a sort of kernel for it, so why didn't I then write the
 utilities, and they could both be distributed with his proprietary
@@ -502,7 +519,7 @@
 <p>I didn't really know much about optimizing compilers at the time,
 because I'd never worked on one.  But I got my hands on a compiler,
 that I was told at the time was free. It was a compiler called PASTEL,
-which the authors say means &ldquo;off-color PASCAL&rdquo;.</p>
+which the authors say means &ldquo;off-color PASCAL.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>Pastel was a very complicated language including features such as
 parametrized types and explicit type parameters and many complicated
@@ -511,7 +528,7 @@
 example: the type &ldquo;string&rdquo; in that language was a
 parameterized type; you could say &ldquo;string(n)&rdquo; if you
 wanted a string of a particular length; you could also just say
-&ldquo;string&rdquo;, and the parameter would be determined from the
+&ldquo;string,&rdquo; and the parameter would be determined from the
 context.  Now, strings are very important, and it is necessary for a
 lot of constructs that use them to run fast, and this means that they
 had to have a lot of features to detect such things as: when the
@@ -522,7 +539,7 @@
 allocation, and some ideas about how to handle different sorts of
 machines.</p>
 
-<p>Well, since this compiler already compiled PASTEL, what i needed to
+<p>Well, since this compiler already compiled PASTEL, what I needed to
 do was add a front-end for C, which I did, and add a back-end for the
 68000 which I expected to be my first target machine.  But I ran into
 a serious problem.  Because the PASTEL language was defined not to
@@ -542,7 +559,7 @@
 see which temporary values conflicted, or was alive at the same time
 as which others, it needed a quadratic matrix of bits, and that for
 large functions that would get it to hundreds of thousands of bytes.
-So i managed to debug the first pass of the ten or so passes of the
+So I managed to debug the first pass of the ten or so passes of the
 compiler, cross compiled on to that machine, and then found that the
 second one could never run.</p>
 
@@ -671,14 +688,15 @@
 or DOUBLE at this address&rdquo; and then assign that.  Another thing
 you can do is to examine all the values that have been examined in the
 past.  Every value examined gets put on the &ldquo;value
-history&rdquo;.  You can refer to any element in the history by its
+history.&rdquo;  You can refer to any element in the history by its
 numerical position, or you can easily refer to the last element with
 just dollar-sign.  And this makes it much easier to trace list
 structure.  If you have any kind of C structure that contains a
-pointer to another one, you can do something like &ldquo;PRINT
-*$.next&rdquo;, which says: &ldquo;Get the next field out of the last
+pointer to another one, you can do something like
+<code>PRINT&nbsp;*$.next</code>, which says: &ldquo;Get
+the next field out of the last
 thing you showed me, and then display the structure that points
-at&rdquo;.  And you can repeat that command, and each time you'll see
+at.&rdquo;  And you can repeat that command, and each time you'll see
 then next structure in the list.  Whereas in every other C debugger
 that I've seen the only way to do that is to type a longer command
 each time.  And when this is combined with the feature that just
@@ -696,28 +714,28 @@
 might also find use for them when you set conditional breakpoints.
 Conditional breakpoints are a feature in many symbolic debuggers, you
 say &ldquo;stop when you get to this point in the program, but only if
-a certain expression is true&rdquo;.  The variables in the debugger
+a certain expression is true.&rdquo;  The variables in the debugger
 allow you to compare a variable in the program with a previous value
 of that variable that you saved in a debugger variable.  Another thing
 that they can be used for is for counting, because after all,
 assignments are expressions in C, therefore you can do
-&ldquo;$foo+=5&rdquo; to increment the value of &ldquo;$foo&rdquo; by
-five, or just &ldquo;$foo++&rdquo; you can do.  You can even do this
+<code>$foo+=5</code> to increment the value of <code>$foo</code> by
+five, or just <code>$foo++</code> you can do.  You can even do this
 in a conditional breakpoint, so that's a cheap way of having it break
 the tenth time the breakpoint is hit, you can do
-&ldquo;$foo--==0&rdquo;.  Does everyone follow that?  Decrement foo
-and if it's zero now, break.  And then you set $foo to the number of
+<code>$foo--==0</code>.  Does everyone follow that?  Decrement foo
+and if it's zero now, break.  And then you set <code>$foo</code> to the number 
of
 times you want it to skip, and you let it go.  You can also use that
 to examine elements of an array.  Suppose you have an array of
 pointers, you can then do:</p>
 
-<pre>PRINT X[$foo++]</pre>
+<pre><code>PRINT X[$foo++]</code></pre>
 
 <p>But first you do</p>
 
-<pre>SET $foo=0</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $foo=0</code></pre>
 
-<p>Okay, when you do that [points at the &ldquo;Print&rdquo;
+<p>Okay, when you do that [points at the <code>PRINT</code>
 expression], you get the zeroth element of X, and then you do it again
 and it gets the first element, and suppose these are pointers to
 structures, then you probably put an asterisk there [before the X in
@@ -725,16 +743,16 @@
 pointed to by the element of the array.  And of course you can repeat
 this command by typing carriage-return.  If a single thing to repeat
 is not enough, you can create a user-defined-command.  You can say
-&ldquo;Define Mumble&rdquo;, and then you give some lines of commands
-and then you say &ldquo;end&rdquo;.  And now there is defined a
-&ldquo;Mumble&rdquo; command which will execute those lines.  And it's
+<code>Define Mumble</code>, and then you give some lines of commands
+and then you say <code>end</code>.  And now there is defined a
+<code>Mumble</code> command which will execute those lines.  And it's
 very useful to put these definitions in a command file.  You can have
 a command file in each directory, that will be loaded automatically
 when you start the debugger with that as your working directory.  So
 for each program you can define a set of user defined commands to
 access the data structures of that program in a useful way.  You can
 even provide documentation for your user-defined commands, so that
-they get handled by the &ldquo;help&rdquo; features just like the
+they get handled by the <code>help</code> features just like the
 built-in commands.</p>
 
 <p>One other unusual thing in this debugger, is the ability to discard
@@ -748,12 +766,12 @@
 change the flow of control.  In this debugger you can change the flow
 of control very directly by saying:</p>
 
-<pre>SET $PC=&lt;some number&gt;</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $PC=&lt;some number&gt;</code></pre>
 
 <p>So you can set the program counter.  You can also set the stack
 pointer, or you can say</p>
 
-<pre>SET $SP+=&lt;something&gt;</pre>
+<pre><code>SET $SP+=&lt;something&gt;</code></pre>
 
 <p>If you want to increment the stack pointer a certain amount.  But
 in addition you can also tell it to start at a particular line in the
@@ -762,8 +780,8 @@
 didn't really want to call that function at all?  Say, that function
 is so screwed up that what you really want to do is get back out of it
 and do by hand what that function should have done.  For that you can
-use the &ldquo;RETURN&rdquo; command. You select a stack frame and you
-say &ldquo;RETURN&rdquo;, and it causes that stack-frame, and all the
+use the <code>RETURN</code> command. You select a stack frame and you
+say <code>RETURN</code>, and it causes that stack-frame, and all the
 ones within it, to be discarded as if that function were returning
 right now, and you can also specify the value it should return.  This
 does not continue execution; it pretends that return happened and then
@@ -810,7 +828,7 @@
 instruction might be represented like this:</p>
 
 <pre>
-  r[3]=r[2]+4
+  <code>r[3]=r[2]+4</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>This would be a representation inside their compiler for
@@ -825,7 +843,7 @@
 <p>Sometimes depending on whether the result of the first instruction
 had any further use, it might be necessary to make a combined
 instruction with two assignment operators.  One for this value
-[pointing at ???]and another one with this value [pointing at ???]
+[pointing at ???] and another one with this value [pointing at ???]
 substituted in it with what came from the second instruction.  But if
 this value was only used that once, you could eliminate it after
 substituting for it; there'd be no need to compute it any more.  So
@@ -852,17 +870,17 @@
 for all these expressions.  Things like this:</p>
 
 <pre>
-     (set (reg 2)
-          (+ (reg 2)
-             (int 4)))
+     <code>(set (reg 2)</code>
+          <code>(+ (reg 2)</code>
+             <code>(int 4)))</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>This looks like Lisp, but the semantics of these are not quite
 LISP, because each symbol here is one recognized specially.  There's a
 particular fixed set of these symbols that is defined, all the ones
 you need.  And each one has a particular pattern of types of
-arguments, for example: &ldquo;reg&rdquo; always has an integer,
-because registers are numbered, but &ldquo;+&rdquo; takes two
+arguments, for example: <code>reg</code> always has an integer,
+because registers are numbered, but <code>+</code> takes two
 subexpressions, and so on.  And with each of these expressions is also
 a data type which says essentially whether it's fixed or floating and
 how many bytes long it is.  It could be extended to handle other
@@ -909,7 +927,7 @@
 into effectively a syntax tree annotated with C datatype information.
 Then another pass which looks at that tree and generates code like
 this [LISP like code].  Then several optimization passes.  One to
-handle things like jumps across jumps, jumps to jumps, jumps to .+1,
+handle things like jumps across jumps, jumps to jumps, jumps to 
<code>.+1</code>,
 all of which can be immediately simplified.  Then a common
 subexpression recognizer, then finding basic blocks, and performing
 dataflow-analysis, so that it can tell for each instruction which
@@ -961,7 +979,7 @@
 so it may free up too many things and thus not use all the registers
 that it could.</p>
 
-<p>(Question: Do you have a code generator for 32000?) Not yet, but
+<p><span>[Question: Do you have a code generator for 32000?]</span> Not yet, 
but
 again, it's not a code generator it's just a machine description that
 you need.  A list of all the machine instructions described in this
 [LISP like] form.  So in fact aside from the work of implementing the
@@ -983,7 +1001,7 @@
 just take a few months, and then I will release the compiler.</p>
 
 <p>The other sizable part of the system that exist, is the kernel.
-(Question: A pause?) Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about breaks.
+<span>[Question: A pause?]</span> Ah, yeah I guess we've forgotten about 
breaks.
 Why don't I finish talking about the kernel, which should only take
 about five minutes, and then we can take a break.</p>
 
@@ -1018,7 +1036,7 @@
 undeletion, information on when and how and where the file was backed
 up on tape, atomic superseding of files.  I believe that it is good
 that in Unix when a file is being written, you can already look at
-what's going there, so for example, you can use &ldquo;tail&rdquo; to
+what's going there, so for example, you can use <code>tail</code> to
 see how far the thing got, that's very nice.  And if the program dies,
 having partly written the file, you can see what it produced.  These
 things are all good, but, that partly written output should not ever
@@ -1038,15 +1056,15 @@
 specify the name in the ordinary way.  But if you wish to specify a
 name exactly, either because you want to state explicitly what version
 to use, or because you don't want versions at all, you put a point at
-the end of it.  Thus if you give the filename &ldquo;FOO&rdquo; it
+the end of it.  Thus if you give the filename <code>FOO</code> it
 means &ldquo;Search the versions that exists for FOO and take the
-latest one&rdquo;.  But if you say &ldquo;FOO.&rdquo; it means
-&ldquo;use exactly the name FOO and none other&rdquo;.  If you say
-&ldquo;FOO.3.&rdquo; it says &ldquo;use exactly the name FOO.3 &rdquo;
+latest one.&rdquo;  But if you say <code>FOO.</code> it means
+&ldquo;use exactly the name FOO and none other.&rdquo;  If you say
+<code>FOO.3.</code> it says &ldquo;use exactly the name FOO.3&rdquo;
 which of course is version three of FOO and none other.  On output, if
-you just say &ldquo;FOO&rdquo;, it will eventually create a new
-version of &ldquo;FOO&rdquo;, but if you say &ldquo;FOO.&rdquo; it
-will write a file named exactly &ldquo;FOO&rdquo;.</p>
+you just say <code>FOO</code>, it will eventually create a new
+version of FOO, but if you say <code>FOO.</code> it
+will write a file named exactly FOO.</p>
 
 <p>Now there's some challenges involved in working out all the details
 in this, and seeing whether there are any lingering problems, whether
@@ -1062,35 +1080,35 @@
 because the system crashes or anything like that, it should be under a
 different name.</p>
 
-<p>And this idea can be connected up to &ldquo;star matching&rdquo;,
+<p>And this idea can be connected up to &ldquo;star matching,&rdquo;
 by saying that a name that doesn't end in a point is matched against
 all the names without their version numbers, so if a certain directory
 has files like this:</p>
 
 <pre>
-  foo.1 foo.2 bar.8
+  <code>foo.1 foo.2 bar.8</code>
 </pre>
 
-<p>If I say  &ldquo;*&rdquo;, that's equivalent to</p>
+<p>If I say  <code>*</code>, that's equivalent to</p>
 <pre>
-  foo bar
+  <code>foo bar</code>
 </pre>
 
 <p>because it takes all the names and gets rid of their versions, and
-takes all the distinct ones.  But if I say &ldquo;*.&rdquo; then it
+takes all the distinct ones.  But if I say <code>*.</code> then it
 takes all the exact names, puts a point after each one, and matches
 against them.  So this gives me all the names for all the individual
 versions that exist.  And similar, you can see the difference between
-&ldquo;*.c&rdquo; and &ldquo;*.c.&rdquo; this [the first] would give
-you essentially versionless references to all the &ldquo;.c&rdquo;
+<code>*.c</code> and <code>*.c.</code> this [the first] would give
+you essentially versionless references to all the <code>.c</code>
 files, whereas this [the second] will give you all the versions
 &hellip; well this actually wouldn't, you'd have to say
-&ldquo;*.c.*.&rdquo;.  I haven't worked out the details here.</p>
+<code>*.c.*.</code>;  I haven't worked out the details here.</p>
 
 <p>Another thing, that isn't a user visible feature and is certainly
 compatible to put in, is failsafeness in the file system.  Namely, by
 writing all the information on disk in the proper order, arranging
-that you can press &ldquo;halt&rdquo; at any time without ever
+that you can press &ldquo;<kbd>halt</kbd>&rdquo; at any time without ever
 corrupting thereby the file system on disk.  It is so well known how
 to do this, I can't imagine why anyone would neglect it.  Another idea
 is further redundant information.  I'm not sure whether I'll do this
@@ -1196,7 +1214,7 @@
 something that we hoped was useful and were happy if people could use
 it.  So when I developed the first EMACS, and people wanted to start
 use it outside of MIT, I said that it belongs to the EMACS
-&ldquo;Commune&rdquo;, that in order to use EMACS you had to be a
+&ldquo;Commune,&rdquo; that in order to use EMACS you had to be a
 member of the commune, and that meant that you had the responsibility
 to contribute all the improvements that you made.  All the
 improvements to the original EMACS had to be sent back to me so that I
@@ -1259,11 +1277,11 @@
 nondisclosure agreement he has essentially sold out his fellow users.
 Instead of following the golden rule and saying, &ldquo;I like this
 program, my neighbor would like the program, I want us both to have
-it&rdquo;, instead he said, &ldquo;Yeah, give it to me.  To hell with
+it,&rdquo; instead he said, &ldquo;Yeah, give it to me.  To hell with
 my neighbor!  I'll help you keep it away from my neighbor, just give
-it to me!&rdquo;, and that spirit is what does the spiritual harm.
+it to me!&rdquo; and that spirit is what does the spiritual harm.
 That attitude of saying, &ldquo;To hell with my neighbors, give ME a
-copy&rdquo;.</p>
+copy.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>After I ran into people saying they wouldn't let me have copies of
 something, because they had signed some secrecy agreement, then when
@@ -1304,12 +1322,12 @@
 graphic printer, one of the first laser printers, but then the
 software was supplied by Xerox, and we couldn't change it.  They
 wouldn't put in these features, and we couldn't, so we had to make do
-with things that &ldquo;half worked&rdquo;.  And it was very
+with things that &ldquo;half worked.&rdquo;  And it was very
 frustrating to know that we were ready, willing and able to fix it,
 but weren't permitted. We were sabotaged.</p>
 
 <p>And then there are all the people who use computers and say that
-the computers are a mystery to them, they don't know they work.  Well
+the computers are a mystery to them, they don't know [how] they work.  Well
 how can they possibly know?  They can't read the programs they're
 using.  The only way people learn how programs should be written, or
 how programs do what they do, is by reading the source code.</p>
@@ -1329,7 +1347,7 @@
 becomes in a certain way demoralized: &ldquo;It's no use trying to
 change those things, they're always going to be bad.  No point even
 hassling it.  I'll just put in my time and &hellip; when it's over
-I'll go away and try not to think about it any more&rdquo;.  That kind
+I'll go away and try not to think about it any more.&rdquo;  That kind
 of spirit, that unenthusiasm is what results from not being permitted
 to make things better when you have feelings of public spirit.</p>
 
@@ -1406,7 +1424,7 @@
 put forward two lines of argument for this.  The first one is &ldquo;I
 wrote it, it is a child of my spirit, my heart, my soul is in this.
 How can anyone take it away from me?  Wherever it goes it's mine,
-mine, MINE!!&rdquo;.  Well, it's sort of strange that most of them
+mine, MINE!!&rdquo;  Well, it's sort of strange that most of them
 signs agreements saying it belongs to the company they work for.</p>
 
 <p>So I believe this is one of the things you can easily talk yourself
@@ -1415,12 +1433,12 @@
 
 <p>Usually, these people use this argument to demand the right to
 control even how people can change a program.  They say: &ldquo;Nobody
-should be able to mess up my work of art&rdquo;.  Well, imagine that
+should be able to mess up my work of art.&rdquo;  Well, imagine that
 the person who invented a dish that you plan to cook had the right to
 control how you can cook it, because it's his work of art.  You want
 to leave out the salt, but he says &ldquo;Oh, no.  I designed this
 dish, and it has to have this much salt!&rdquo; &ldquo;But my doctor
-says it's not safe for me to eat salt.  What can I do?&rdquo;.</p>
+says it's not safe for me to eat salt.  What can I do?&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>Clearly, the person who is using the program is much closer to the
 event.  The use of the program affects him very directly, whereas it
@@ -1439,11 +1457,11 @@
 current system, you need to get rich by programming&rdquo; on the
 other hand.  There's a big difference between just making a living
 wage and making the kind of money programmers, at least in the US make
-nowadays.  They always say: &ldquo;How will I eat?&rdquo;, but the
-problem is not really how &ldquo;Will he eat?&rdquo;, but &ldquo;How
-will he eat sushi?&rdquo;. &ldquo;How will I have a roof over my
-head?&rdquo;, but the real problem is &ldquo;How can he afford a
-condo?&rdquo;.</p>
+nowadays.  They always say: &ldquo;How will I eat?&rdquo; but the
+problem is not really how &ldquo;Will he eat?&rdquo; but &ldquo;How
+will he eat sushi?&rdquo; &ldquo;How will I have a roof over my
+head?&rdquo; but the real problem is &ldquo;How can he afford a
+condo?&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>The current system were chosen by the people who invest in software
 development, because it gives them the possibility of making the most
@@ -1490,7 +1508,7 @@
 lots of them trying to do that.  And then, somehow when it gets
 generally possible to get very well paid to do something, all those
 people disappear, and people start saying &ldquo;nobody will do it
-unless they get paid that well&rdquo;.</p>
+unless they get paid that well.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>And I saw this happen in the field of programming.  The very same
 people who used to work at the AI lab and get payed very little and
@@ -1532,21 +1550,21 @@
 have been burning down lately.  You wouldn't want your place to burn
 down, would you?  Well we can protect you from fires, you just have to
 pay us a thousand dollars a month, and we'll make sure you don't have
-a fire here&rdquo;.  And this was called &ldquo;the protection
-racket&rdquo;.  Now we have something where a person says &ldquo;You
+a fire here.&rdquo;  And this was called &ldquo;the protection
+racket.&rdquo;  Now we have something where a person says &ldquo;You
 got a nice computer there, and you've got some programs there that
 you're using.  Well, if you don't want those programs to disappear, if
 you don't want the police to come after you, you better pay me a
 thousand dollars, and I'll give you a copy of this program with a
-license&rdquo;, and this is called &ldquo;the software protection
-racket&rdquo;.</p>
+license,&rdquo; and this is called &ldquo;the software protection
+racket.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>Really all they're doing is interfering with everybody else doing
 what needs to be done, but they're pretending as much to them selves
 as to the rest of us, that they are providing a useful function.
 Well, what I hope is that when that software Mafia guy comes up and
 says, &ldquo;You want those programs to disappear on your
-computer?&rdquo;, the user can say &ldquo;I'm not afraid of you any
+computer?&rdquo; the user can say &ldquo;I'm not afraid of you any
 more.  I have this free GNU software, and there's nothing you can do
 to me now.&rdquo;</p>
 
@@ -1586,11 +1604,11 @@
 <p><strong>[After this RMS answered questions for about an hour.  I
 have only included a very few of the questions and answers in this
 version.  The tape was bad, and I didn't have the time to do a proper
-job on all of it]
+job on all of it.]
 </strong></p>
 
 <dl>
-<dt><b>Q</b>: Has anyone tried to make problems for you?</dt>
+<dt><b>Q:</b> Has anyone tried to make problems for you?</dt>
 
 <dd><p><b>A:</b> The only time anyone has tried to make a problem for me
 was those owners, so called, self-styled owners of Gosling Emacs.
@@ -1601,8 +1619,8 @@
 current in the field was chosen by the self-styled software owners to
 try to encourage you to try to make you see software as similar to
 material objects that are property, and overlook the differences.  The
-most flagrant example of this is the term &ldquo;pirate&rdquo;.
-Please refuse to use to use the term &ldquo;pirate&rdquo; to describe
+most flagrant example of this is the term &ldquo;pirate.&rdquo;
+Please refuse to use the term &ldquo;pirate&rdquo; to describe
 somebody who wishes to share software with his neighbor like a good
 citizen.</p>
 
@@ -1629,7 +1647,7 @@
 Now the reverse change is happening.  Individual copying of
 information is becoming better and better, and we can see that the
 ultimate progress of technology is to make it possible to copy any
-kind of information. [break due to turning of tape]</p>
+kind of information. <span>[break due to turning of tape]</span></p>
 
 <p>Thus we are back in the same situation as in the ancient world
 where copyright did not make sense.</p>
@@ -1652,20 +1670,20 @@
 and copy it.  And if you took away the chair, it wouldn't be producing
 anything, so there's no excuse. I somebody says: &ldquo;I did the work
 to make this one chair, and only one person can have this chair, it
-might as well be me&rdquo;, we might as well say: &ldquo;Yeah, that makes
-sense&rdquo;.  When a person says: &ldquo;I carved the bits on this
+might as well be me,&rdquo; we might as well say: &ldquo;Yeah, that makes
+sense.&rdquo;  When a person says: &ldquo;I carved the bits on this
 disk, only one person can have this disk, so don't you dare take it
-away from me&rdquo;, well that also make sense.  If only one person is
+away from me,&rdquo; well that also make sense.  If only one person is
 going to have the disk, it might as well be the guy who owns that
 disk.</p>
 
 <p>But when somebody else comes up and says: &ldquo;I'm not going to
 hurt your disk, I'm just gonna magically make another one just like it
 and then I'll take it away and then you can go on using this disk just
-the same as before&rdquo;, well, it's the same as if somebody said:
+the same as before,&rdquo; well, it's the same as if somebody said:
 &ldquo;I've got a magic chair copier.  You can keep on enjoying your
 chair, sitting in it, having it always there when you want it, but
-I'll have a chair too&rdquo;.  That's good.</p>
+I'll have a chair too.&rdquo;  That's good.</p>
 
 <p>If people don't have to build, they can just snap their fingers and
 duplicate them, that's wonderful.  But this change in technology
@@ -1689,12 +1707,12 @@
 don't want the public to get that benefit.</p>
 
 <p>Essentially they are trying to preserve the &ldquo;material object
-age&rdquo;, but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and
+age,&rdquo; but it's gone, and we should get our ideas of right and
 wrong in sync with the actual facts of the world we live in.</p>
 </dd>
 
-<dt><b>Q</b>: So it boils down to ownership of information.  Do you
-think there are any instances where, your opinion, it's right to own
+<dt><b>Q:</b> So it boils down to ownership of information.  Do you
+think there are any instances where, [in] your opinion, it's right to own
 information?</dt>
 
 <dd><p><b>A:</b> With information that's not generally useful, or is of a
@@ -1710,10 +1728,11 @@
 who have it, always we should encourage the copying.</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -1731,13 +1750,13 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -1759,7 +1778,7 @@
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
 <p>
-Copyright &copy; 1987, 2009, 2010, 2020 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth
+Copyright &copy; 1987, 2021 Richard Stallman and Bjrn Remseth
 </p>
 <p>
 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
@@ -1770,10 +1789,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 16:32:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html 23 Mar 2019 20:00:28 -0000      
1.36
+++ philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.fr-en.html 14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      
1.37
@@ -1,28 +1,37 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Stallman's Speech at Model Engineering College About Software Patent 
 Dangers - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> 
-
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+ul.big-list li { margin-top: 1em; }
+#content span { font-style: italic; color: #505050; }
+--></style>
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stallman-mec-india.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> 
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>The Danger of Software Patents (2001)</h2> 
  
-<p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-<p> <em>Speech given at Model Engineering College, Government of Kerala,
-India, 2001</em> 
-(<a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg";>audio
-recording</a>)</p> 
-<hr class="thin" />
- 
-<div><h3>Summary</h3> 
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
  
-<p><a href="#intro">Introduction of the speaker</a></p> 
- 
-<p><a href="#conf">Stallman's speech</a></p> 
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Speech given at Model Engineering College, Government of Kerala,
+India, 2001
+(<a href="//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/rms-mec-india.ogg">audio
+recording</a>)</p>
+</div>
  
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Summary</h3>
 <ul>
+<li><a href="#intro">Introduction of the speaker</a></li>
+<li><a href="#conf">Stallman's speech</a>
+ <ul>
   <li><a href="#conf1">There are two things wrong with the phrase 
   &ldquo;intellectual property.&rdquo;</a></li> 
   <li><a href="#conf2">Copyrights and patents have nothing to do with each 
@@ -44,20 +53,21 @@
   patents.</a></li> 
   <li><a href="#conf14">It's important for countries to work together 
   against this.</a></li>
-</ul> 
- 
-<p><a href="#questions">Questions from the audience</a></p> 
-
-<ul>
+ </ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#questions">Questions from the audience</a>
+ <ul>
   <li><a href="#questions1">Questions about software patents</a></li> 
   <li><a href="#questions2">Questions about free software</a></li>
+ </ul>
+</li>
 </ul>
-</div> <!-- Summary -->
+</div>
  
 <div><h3 id="intro">Introduction of the speaker</h3> 
  
-<p><strong>Prof. Jyothi John, Head of Computer Engineering Department 
-introduces Stallman:</strong></p> 
+<p><em>Prof. Jyothi John, Head of Computer Engineering Department
+introduces Stallman:</em></p>
  
 <p> It's my privilege and duty to welcome the most distinguished guest 
 ever we had in this college.</p> 
@@ -83,7 +93,7 @@
  
 <p> Stallman received the Grace Hopper award from the Association for 
 Computing Machinery for 1991, in 1990 he was awarded MacArthur Foundation 
-Fellowship &mdash; other recipients of this prestigious award include Noam 
+Fellowship&mdash;other recipients of this prestigious award include Noam
 Chomsky and Tim Berners-Lee.  In 1996, an honorary doctorate of Technology 
 from the Royal Institute, Sweden was awarded to him.  In 1998, he received 
 the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Pioneer award, along with Linus 
@@ -112,7 +122,7 @@
 phrase &ldquo;intellectual property.&rdquo;  Now, there are two things 
 wrong with this phrase.</p> 
  
-<p> One &mdash; it prejudges the most important policy question about how 
+<p> One&mdash;it prejudges the most important policy question about how
 to treat some kind of ideas or practices or works, or whatever. It assumes 
 that they are going to be treated as some kind of property. Now, this is a 
 public policy decision and you should be able to consider various 
@@ -147,10 +157,10 @@
 other.  Let me tell you some of the basic differences between copyrights 
 and patents:</p> 
  
-<ul class="blurbs">
+<ul class="big-list">
   <li> A copyright deals with a particular work, usually a written work, 
   and it has to do with the details of that work.  Ideas are completely 
-  excluded.  Patents, by contrast &mdash; well, a patent covers an idea. 
+  excluded.  Patents, by contrast&mdash;well, a patent covers an idea.
   It's that simple, and any idea that you can describe, that's what a 
   patent might restrict you from doing.</li>
 
@@ -177,7 +187,7 @@
 
   <li> Copyrights last an extremely long time.  In the US today it's 
   possible for copyrights to last for 150 years, which is absurd. Patents 
-  don't last that long; they merely last for a long time &mdash; 20 years, 
+  don't last that long; they merely last for a long time&mdash;20 years,
   which in the field of software, as you can imagine, is a long time.</li>
 </ul> 
  
@@ -259,8 +269,8 @@
 links, you'll find some patents that are relevant to what you're doing. 
 You won't find them <em>all</em>.</p> 
  
-<p> A few years ago somebody had a US patent &mdash; maybe it's 
-expired by now &mdash; on natural order recalculation in spreadsheets. 
+<p> A few years ago somebody had a US patent&mdash;maybe it's
+expired by now&mdash;on natural order recalculation in spreadsheets.
 Now, what does this mean?  It means the original spreadsheets did the 
 recalculation always from top to bottom.  Which meant that if a cell 
 ever depended on a lower cell, then it wouldn't get recalculated the 
@@ -273,8 +283,8 @@
 <p> Now, if you searched for the term spreadsheet, you would not have 
 found that patent because that term did not appear in it.  The phrase 
 &ldquo;natural order recalculation&rdquo; didn't appear either.  This 
-algorithm &mdash; and it was indeed the algorithm that they covered, 
-basically every imaginable way of coding this algorithm &mdash; the 
+algorithm&mdash;and it was indeed the algorithm that they covered,
+basically every imaginable way of coding this algorithm&mdash;the
 algorithm is called topological sorting, and that term did not appear 
 in the patent either.  It presented itself as a patent on a technique 
 for compilation.  So, reasonable searching would not have found this 
@@ -310,7 +320,7 @@
 to understand.  You are going to have to work with a lawyer to do it.</p> 
  
 <p> In the 1980's the Australian government commissioned a study of 
-the patent system &mdash; the patent system in general, not software patents. 
+the patent system&mdash;the patent system in general, not software patents.
 This study concluded that Australia would be better off abolishing the 
 patent system because it did very little good for society and caused a lot 
 of trouble.  The only reason they didn't recommend that was international 
@@ -385,7 +395,6 @@
 one and you give him another one, he'll switch; but if what he wants 
 to do is make images that can be displayed by Netscape, then he can't 
 switch, unless Netscape handles the other format&hellip; and it didn't. 
-
 <span class="gnun-split"></span>It took years, I think, before Netscape 
started to handle PNG format. 
 So people essentially said &ldquo;I can't switch, I just have&hellip; 
 &rdquo; And so the result was, society had invested so much in this one 
@@ -446,8 +455,8 @@
 out of business, period!&rdquo;</p> 
  
 <p> In the League for Programming Freedom, we heard in the early 90's 
-from somebody whose family business was making casino games &mdash; 
-computerized of course &mdash; and he had been threatened by somebody 
+from somebody whose family business was making casino games&mdash;
+computerized of course&mdash;and he had been threatened by somebody
 who had a patent on a very broad category of computerized casino games. 
 The patent covered a network where there is more than one machine, and 
 each machine supports more than one kind of game and can display more 
@@ -455,9 +464,9 @@
  
 <p> Now, one thing you should realize is the patent office thinks that 
 it's really brilliant.  If you see that other people implemented doing 
-one thing and you decide to support doing two or more &mdash; you know, 
+one thing and you decide to support doing two or more&mdash;you know,
 if they made a system that plays one game and if you make it able to 
-play more than one game &mdash; that's an invention.  If it can display 
+play more than one game&mdash;that's an invention.  If it can display
 one game and you decide to set it up so that it can display two games at 
 once, that's an invention.  If he did it with one computer and you do it 
 with a network having multiple computers, that's an invention for them. 
@@ -552,7 +561,7 @@
 So how about if we cross-license?&rdquo;  And the starving genius says 
 &ldquo;hmm, I haven't got enough food in my belly to fight these things, 
 so I'd better give in.&rdquo; And so they sign a cross-license, and 
-now guess what &mdash; IBM can compete with him.  He wasn't protected 
+now guess what&mdash;IBM can compete with him.  He wasn't protected
 at all!</p> 
  
 <p> Now, IBM can do this because they have a lot of patents.  They have 
@@ -561,7 +570,7 @@
 do it but a big company can.</p> 
  
 <p> So IBM wrote an article.  It was in Think magazine, I believe, issue 
-number five, 1990 &mdash; that's IBM's own magazine &mdash; an article 
+number five, 1990&mdash;that's IBM's own magazine&mdash;an article
 about IBM's patent portfolio.  IBM said that it got two kinds of benefit 
 from its 9000 active US patents.  One benefit was collecting royalties 
 from licenses.  But the other benefit, the bigger benefit, was access 
@@ -576,10 +585,10 @@
 with any given patent is largely random and most of them don't bring any 
 benefits to their owners.  But IBM is so big that these things average 
 out over the scale of IBM.  So you could take IBM as measuring what the 
-average is like.  What we see is &mdash; and this is a little bit subtle 
+average is like.  What we see is&mdash;and this is a little bit subtle
 &mdash; the benefit to IBM of being able to make use of ideas that were 
 patented by others is equal to the harm that the patent system would have 
-done to IBM if there were no cross-licensing &mdash; if IBM really were 
+done to IBM if there were no cross-licensing&mdash;if IBM really were
 prohibited from using all those ideas that were patented by others.</p> 
  
 <p> So what it says is: the harm that the patent system would do is 
@@ -608,7 +617,7 @@
 a few years ago, and you can investigate and find out what the dice 
 came up saying, and then you'll find out whether you've got a chance. 
 So it's mainly historical accident that determines whether the patent 
-is valid &mdash; the historical accident of whether, or precisely which 
+is valid&mdash;the historical accident of whether, or precisely which
 things, people happen to publish, and when.</p> 
  
 <p> So, sometimes, there is a possibility of invalidating.  So even if 
@@ -743,7 +752,7 @@
 that has a million different parts, that's a mega-project, that's very 
 rare.  Now you'll find many times people make a physical object with a 
 million parts, but typically it's many copies of the same subunit and 
-that's much easier to design &mdash; that's not a million different 
+that's much easier to design&mdash;that's not a million different
 parts in the design.</p> 
  
 <p> So, why is this?  The reason is that, in other fields, people have 
@@ -812,8 +821,8 @@
 designing it may cost (gesturing) this much and manufacturing it may cost 
 this much, so this much overhead from the patent system is crushing.</p> 
  
-<p> Another way to look at it is that because we can &mdash; a few of 
-us can &mdash; make a much bigger system, there are many more points 
+<p> Another way to look at it is that because we can&mdash;a few of
+us can&mdash;make a much bigger system, there are many more points
 of vulnerability where somebody might have patented something already. 
 We have to walk a long distance through the mine field, whereas they 
 they only have to walk a few feet through the minefield.  So it's much 
@@ -828,7 +837,7 @@
 deserve special treatment.  But this is not what the patent system says. 
 The patent system says: the goal is to promote progress for society, 
 by encouraging certain behavior like publishing new ideas; and after a 
-certain &mdash; originally that was fairly short &mdash; time, everyone 
+certain&mdash;originally that was fairly short&mdash;time, everyone
 could use them.</p> 
  
 <p> Of course there is a certain price that society pays as well, and so 
@@ -848,11 +857,11 @@
 <p> They knew that publishing the ideas would get them credit from the 
 community, and meanwhile anybody else who wanted to compete with them 
 would still have to write a program, which is the big job.  So they 
-typically kept the details of the program secret &mdash; of course some 
+typically kept the details of the program secret&mdash;of course some
 of us think that's wrong, but that's a different issue.  They kept the 
 details of the program secret and they published the ideas, and meanwhile 
-the software development &mdash; because software development was going 
-on &mdash; That provided the field with a steady stream of ideas, so 
+the software development&mdash;because software development was going
+on&mdash;That provided the field with a steady stream of ideas, so
 ideas were not the limiting factor.  The limiting factor was the job of 
 writing programs that would work and that people would like using.</p> 
  
@@ -864,8 +873,8 @@
 off now in terms of having ideas we could use, because in the past people 
 had the ideas and published them and we could use them, and now they 
 have the ideas and patent them and we can't use them for twenty years. 
-In the mean time, the real limiting factor &mdash; which is developing 
-the programs &mdash; this is hampered by software patents because of 
+In the mean time, the real limiting factor&mdash;which is developing
+the programs&mdash;this is hampered by software patents because of
 other dangers that I explained to you in the first half of this talk.</p> 
  
 <p> So the result is that, while the system is supposed to be promoting 
@@ -906,7 +915,7 @@
 different place to draw the line that still does a reasonable job, and 
 that is between processes that transform matter in a specific way, and 
 processes where the result is just calculation and display of information, 
-or a combination of data processing and display steps &mdash; or others 
+or a combination of data processing and display steps&mdash;or others
 have put it as: mental steps being carried out by equipment.  There are 
 various ways of formulating this, which are more or less equivalent.</p> 
  
@@ -945,7 +954,7 @@
  
 <p> Now, one of the tremendous dangers facing most countries today 
 is the World Trade Organization, which sets up a system of corporate 
-regulated trade &mdash; not free trade as its proponents like to call 
+regulated trade&mdash;not free trade as its proponents like to call
 it, but corporate regulated trade.  It replaces the regulation of trade 
 by governments, that are somewhat democratic and might listen to the 
 interest of their citizens, with regulation of trade by businesses, 
@@ -1026,11 +1035,11 @@
 distributing and using software in that country.</p> 
  
 <p> Now, if you in India are developing a program for use in the US, 
-you may face the problem &mdash; or at least your client will face the 
-problem &mdash; of US software patents.  At least probably you can't 
+you may face the problem&mdash;or at least your client will face the
+problem&mdash;of US software patents.  At least probably you can't
 get sued here.  The client who commissioned the program and tries to use 
 it might get sued in the US, and indeed you will have to deal with the 
-problem &mdash; the US's problems &mdash; when you try doing business 
+problem&mdash;the US's problems&mdash;when you try doing business
 in the US.  But at least you'll be safe here.  You know, at least it is 
 a big difference between your client got sued because your client told 
 you to make a product and that product is patented, versus you get sued 
@@ -1113,8 +1122,8 @@
 to sign, www.noepatents.org <a href="#Note1" id="Note1-rev">[1]</a> 
 </p> 
  
-<p> Please talk with all executives of businesses &mdash; any kind 
-of businesses &mdash; about this issue.  Make sure they understand 
+<p> Please talk with all executives of businesses&mdash;any kind
+of businesses&mdash;about this issue.  Make sure they understand
 the extent of the problems they face, and that they think of going to 
 business organizations to have them lobby against software patents.</p> 
  
@@ -1181,7 +1190,7 @@
   and they, they didn't judge it as a public policy question, they judged 
   it in terms of what does the law say.</dd> 
  
-<dt><b>Q</b>: So was it not the realization that &hellip;</dt> 
+<dt><b>Q</b>: So was it not the realization that&hellip;</dt>
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Sorry, I can't &hellip; could you try to pronounce your 
   consonants more clearly, I'm having trouble understanding the words.</dd> 
@@ -1209,7 +1218,7 @@
   questions about software patents.</dd> 
  
 <dt><b>Q</b>: Sir I have a question about software patents, the thing is 
-that how can one protect where there is a functional element &hellip;</dt> 
+that how can one protect where there is a functional element&hellip;</dt>
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Protect what?</dd> 
  
@@ -1222,7 +1231,7 @@
   <dd><b>A</b>: Protection from what?  Somebody's gonna come with a 
   gun?</dd> 
  
-<dt><b>Q</b>: No Sir &hellip;</dt> 
+<dt><b>Q</b>: No Sir&hellip;</dt>
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Basically the protection you need is the protection against 
   being sued for the program you wrote.  Programmers need protection from 
@@ -1260,7 +1269,7 @@
   should get what they want.  This is a question of public policy.  We have 
   to decide what is good for the citizens <em>generally</em>.</p>
  
-  <p><b>Audience</b>: [applause]</p> 
+  <p><b>Audience</b>: <span>[applause]</span></p>
  
   <p>Not have somebody saying &ldquo;I wanna have a monopoly 
   because I think I am so important I should have one, so protect me from 
@@ -1349,8 +1358,8 @@
   The purpose of&hellip; You have been brainwashed, you have been listening to 
   the propaganda of the companies that want to have these monopolies. 
   If you ask what legal scholars say is the basis of these systems, 
-  they say that they are attempts &mdash; for copyrights and for patents 
-  &mdash; they are attempts to manipulate the behavior of people to get 
+  they say that they are attempts&mdash;for copyrights and for patents
+ &mdash;they are attempts to manipulate the behavior of people to get
   benefit for the public.  Trademarks are a different issue, I think the 
   issues for trademark are completely different.  So you are making an 
   overgeneralization also.</dd> 
@@ -1376,7 +1385,7 @@
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Physical property can only be in one place at a time. 
   You know, only one person can sit in a chair at a time in the normal way. 
-  [Applause]  You know these are totally different issues.  You know, 
+  <span>[Applause]</span>  You know these are totally different issues.  You 
know,
   trying to generalize to the utmost is a foolish thing to do.  We're 
   dealing with complicated laws that have many, many, many complicated 
   details and you are asking us to ignore all these details. We're dealing 
@@ -1581,8 +1590,8 @@
 <dt><b>Q</b>: There's no European community decision on this&hellip;</dt> 
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Not yet.  In fact, the European Commission itself is 
-  divided.  One of the agencies &mdash; the one which unfortunately is the 
-  lead agency on this issue &mdash; has been won over by the multinationals 
+  divided.  One of the agencies&mdash;the one which unfortunately is the
+  lead agency on this issue&mdash;has been won over by the multinationals
   and is in favor of software patents, and then the agency that tries to 
   encourage software development is against them, and so they're trying to 
   work against it.  So if there is somebody who wants to get in touch with 
@@ -1653,7 +1662,7 @@
   to do them. 
  
   <p> Now we collected examples of this, and we are looking for people to 
-  write them up &mdash; you know, to look at each example and investigate 
+  write them up&mdash;you know, to look at each example and investigate
   it fully and write down a clear description of what happened and what 
   the harm was and so on.  We have had trouble finding people to do this. 
   We're looking for more.  So someone who is really good at writing clear 
@@ -1770,16 +1779,16 @@
  
   <p> Are there any more questions?</p></dd> 
  
-<dt><b>Q</b>: [...]</dt> 
+<dt><b>Q</b>: [&hellip;]</dt>
  
-  <dd><b>A</b>: I can't hear you at all, I'm sorry [...] whispering. 
+  <dd><b>A</b>: I can't hear you at all, I'm sorry [&hellip;] whispering.
   I'm a little bit hard of hearing, and when you combine that with the 
   noise of the fans, and with the unusual accent, all three of those things 
   together make very hard for me to make out the words.</dd>
  
 <dt><b>Q</b>: This question is not about patent or copyright or anything 
-like that.  But this is one example what you said about &mdash; if 
-statement and while statement &mdash; that you said something about the 
+like that.  But this is one example what you said about&mdash;if
+statement and while statement&mdash;that you said something about the
 differences in the field of computer science and differences with other 
 sciences, that is other engineering sciences.  You said that if I change 
 something in the if loop that's if statement, there won't be any effect, 
@@ -1824,7 +1833,7 @@
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Well, you asked me to comment on the commercial 
   distribution of GNU/Linux systems?  Well, I think that's fine. That's one 
-  of the freedoms that free software gives you &mdash; the freedom to use 
+  of the freedoms that free software gives you&mdash;the freedom to use
   it in business, the freedom to distribute it as part of a business, the 
   freedom to sell copies in exchange for money.  These are all legitimate. 
  
@@ -1835,8 +1844,8 @@
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Yeah, any nonfree software.  Because the goal was: you 
   should be able to get a completely free operating system.  Well, if 
-  they have a thing in a store which says I'm the GNU/Linux system &mdash; 
-  of course it says Linux &mdash; but inside of it there are some nonfree 
+  they have a thing in a store which says I'm the GNU/Linux system&mdash;
+  of course it says Linux&mdash;but inside of it there are some nonfree
   programs, now you're not getting something that is entirely free anymore. 
   It doesn't entirely respect your freedom.  So the real goal for which 
   we wrote the system is being lost. 
@@ -1877,7 +1886,7 @@
 <dt><b>Q</b>: Yes sir.  In that context, I feel particularly, me as such, 
 I feel very hurt when I see the so-called interaction among programmers 
 today.  Because many of us are very good programmers, but we look at 
-each other in different colors depending upon the tools we use &mdash; 
+each other in different colors depending upon the tools we use&mdash;
 &ldquo;hey, he's a windows guy,&rdquo; &ldquo;hey, he's a GNU/Linux 
 guy,&rdquo; &ldquo;hey, he's into Solaris systems,&rdquo; &ldquo;he's a 
 network programmer.&rdquo;  And unfortunately most of this prejudice comes 
@@ -1918,7 +1927,7 @@
  
   <dd><b>A</b>: Well, in that case, though, it's not just a prejudice, 
   you see.  Windows is a system, a social system, that keeps people 
-  helpless and divided [applause], whereas GNU/Linux is an alternative 
+  helpless and divided <span>[applause]</span>, whereas GNU/Linux is an 
alternative
   that was created specifically to liberate people and to encourage them 
   to cooperate.  So to some extent, this is not like: &ldquo;where you 
   born in this country or that country?&rdquo;  No, this is like your 
@@ -1980,7 +1989,7 @@
   And occasionally it happens, but not very often.  Now, you see, the 
   reason is that the users want interoperability and with free software the 
   users are ultimately in control, and what they want they tend to get. The 
-  free software developers realize that they had better &mdash; if they are 
+  free software developers realize that they had better&mdash;if they are
   going to make incompatible changes they are likely to make users unhappy 
   and their versions are not going to be used.  So they generally draw the 
   obvious conclusion and pay a lot of attention to interoperability.</dd> 
@@ -1994,7 +2003,7 @@
   <dd><b>A</b>: In general you are not going be finding a better version 
   every day and the reason is that typically for any given program, there 
   is usually only one version that is widely used.  Maybe there will be 
-  two, once in a while there will be three &mdash; when there is no good 
+  two, once in a while there will be three&mdash;when there is no good
   maintainer that might happen.  So you are just not going to keep finding 
   out about more versions that are good every day; there aren't so many. 
   There won't be that many popular versions.  There is one situation 
@@ -2062,7 +2071,7 @@
   as to make the organization stronger so it can protect us all better. 
   That's the idea, but so far no one has been able to get this started. 
   It's not an easy thing to do, and part of the reason is that applying 
-  for a patent is very expensive &mdash; and a lot of work as well. 
+  for a patent is very expensive&mdash;and a lot of work as well.
  
   <p>So this will be the last question.</p></dd> 
  
@@ -2076,7 +2085,7 @@
   likely to be more successful too because, after all, there are a lot 
   of people working on Debian already.  Why try to make an alternative to 
   that large community.  Much better to work with them and convince them 
-  to support our goals better &mdash; if it works, of course, and we have 
+  to support our goals better&mdash;if it works, of course, and we have
   our ways to go on that.</dd> 
 </dl> 
  
@@ -2084,10 +2093,10 @@
 questions, I'm sorry.  So at this point I am going to have to call a halt 
 and get going, and go have lunch.  So thank you for listening.</p> 
  
-<p>[Applause].</p> 
- 
+<p><span>[Applause]</span></p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
  
-<h3>Footnote</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
 
 <p> <a href="#Note1-rev" id="Note1">[1]</a> 
 In 2014, this petition against software patents is <a
@@ -2096,13 +2105,14 @@
 href="http://stopsoftwarepatents.eu/";>stopsoftwarepatents.eu</a> -->.
 </p> 
 <p>For more information about the problem of software patents, 
-see also our <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>End Software Patents</a>
+see also our <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";>End Software Patents</a>
 campaign.</p>
 </div> 
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -2120,13 +2130,13 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
@@ -2147,8 +2157,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
  
-<p> Copyright &copy; 2001, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> 
+<p> Copyright &copy; 2001, 2012, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
  
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -2158,10 +2167,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start --> 
-$Date: 2019/03/23 20:00:28 $ 
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 <!-- timestamp end --> 
 </p> 
 </div> 
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body> 
 </html>

Index: philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.fr.html      31 May 2021 21:09:16 -0000      
1.46
+++ philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.fr.html      14 Sep 2021 21:32:24 -0000      
1.47
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/sco/questioning-sco.en.html" -->
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws sco" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>Remise en cause de la position de SCOÂ : une analyse critique de leurs
@@ -13,13 +16,16 @@
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Remise en cause de la position de SCOÂ : une analyse critique de leurs
 revendications nÃ©buleuses</h2>
 
-<p>par <strong>Eben Moglen</strong></p>
-<p>
-vendredi 1er aoÃ»t 2003
-</p>
+<address class="byline">par Eben Moglen&nbsp;<a 
href="#moglen"><sup>[*]</sup></a></address>
+
+<p><i>Vendredi 1er aoÃ»t 2003</i></p>
 
 <p>Les utilisateurs de logiciels libres de par le monde font actuellement
 l'objet de pressions de la part du groupe SCO (anciennement Caldera) en vue
@@ -216,23 +222,25 @@
 Ã©taient de votre ressortÂ ? Poser ces questions aidera les entreprises Ã 
 dÃ©cider de la marche Ã  suivre pour rÃ©pondre aux exigences de SCO. J'espÃ¨re
 que nous aurons bientÃ´t certaines des rÃ©ponses.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
 
-<h3>Notes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
 
 <ol>
 <li id="foot16">Le code source du noyau Linux Ã©tait disponible sur le site 
FTP de SCO le
 21Â juilletÂ 2003, lors de l'Ã©criture de ce texte.</li>
 <li id="foot26">Se reporter au <a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100911151935/http://ir.sco.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=114170";>communiquÃ©
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911151935/http://ir.sco.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=114170";>communiquÃ©
 de presse de SCO datÃ© du 21Â juilletÂ 2003</a>.</li>
 </ol>
-<hr />
-
-<p><em>Eben Moglen est professeur de droit Ã  la </em>Columbia University Law
-School<em>. Il travaille bÃ©nÃ©volement pour la FSF comme avocat-conseil
-gÃ©nÃ©ral [General Counsel].</em></p>
 
-<p><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">Autres textes relatifs Ã  SCO</a>.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p id="moglen">[*] Eben Moglen est professeur de droit Ã  la <i>Columbia 
University Law
+School</i>. Il travaille bÃ©nÃ©volement pour la FSF comme avocat-conseil
+gÃ©nÃ©ral [General Counsel].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
 
@@ -242,7 +250,7 @@
 
 <!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Veuillez envoyer les requÃªtes concernant la FSF et GNU Ã  &lt;<a
@@ -262,7 +270,7 @@
 
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
@@ -275,22 +283,6 @@
 les infos nÃ©cessaires.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 <p>Copyright &copy; 2003 Eben Moglen</p>
 
 <p>La reproduction exacte de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support
@@ -306,11 +298,12 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:24 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.fr-en.html        12 Apr 2014 14:00:24 
-0000      1.32
+++ philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.fr-en.html        14 Sep 2021 21:32:25 
-0000      1.33
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws sco" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Questioning SCO: A Hard Look at Nebulous Claims
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
 <meta name="description" content="Questioning SCO: A Hard Look at
@@ -9,12 +12,16 @@
 licensing, IBM, attacks, sue" />
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/sco/po/questioning-sco.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Questioning SCO: A Hard Look at Nebulous Claims</h2>
 
-<p>by <strong>Eben Moglen</strong></p>
-<p>
-Friday 1 August 2003
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Eben Moglen&nbsp;<a
+href="#moglen"><sup>[*]</sup></a></address>
+
+<p><i>Friday 1 August 2003</i></p>
 
 <p>Users of free software around the world are being pressured to pay
 The SCO Group, formerly Caldera, on the basis that SCO has
@@ -196,27 +203,28 @@
 was yours to license?  Asking those questions will help firms decide
 how to evaluate SCO's demands.  I hope we shall soon hear some
 answers.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
 
-<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
 
 <ol>
 <li id="foot16">Linux kernel source under GPL was available from SCO's
 FTP site as of July 21, 2003.</li>
-<li id="foot26">See <a 
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100911151935/http://ir.sco.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=114170";>
+<li id="foot26">See <a 
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911151935/http://ir.sco.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=114170";>
 SCO Press Release, July 21, 2003</a>.</li>
 </ol>
-<hr />
 
-<p><em>Eben Moglen is professor of law at Columbia University Law
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p id="moglen">[*] Eben Moglen is professor of law at Columbia University Law
 School.  He serves without fee as General Counsel of the Free Software
-Foundation.</em></p>
-
-<p><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">Other Texts to Read related to
-SCO</a>.</p>
+Foundation.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
 <div class="unprintable">
 
 <p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -234,33 +242,16 @@
         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
 
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
         our web pages, see <a
         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
         README</a>. -->
 Please see the <a
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
 of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
 <p>Copyright &copy; 2003 Eben Moglen</p>
 
 <p>Verbatim copying of this article is permitted in any medium,
@@ -270,10 +261,10 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 14:00:24 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:25 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
 </body>
 </html>

Index: server/sitemap.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/sitemap.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.540
retrieving revision 1.541
diff -u -b -r1.540 -r1.541
--- server/sitemap.fr.html      14 Sep 2021 17:07:17 -0000      1.540
+++ server/sitemap.fr.html      14 Sep 2021 21:32:26 -0000      1.541
@@ -1290,7 +1290,8 @@
   <dd>Essais et articles</dd>
   <dt><a
 
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">europes-unitary-patent.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; Could Mean Unlimited Software 
Patents</dd>
+  <dd>Le Â«Â brevet unitaireÂ Â» europÃ©en pourrait engendrer des brevets 
logiciels
+sans limites</dd>
   <dt><a
 
href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">fighting-software-patents.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Combattre les brevets logiciels, individuellement et collectivement</dd>
@@ -1542,7 +1543,7 @@
 
href="/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.html">rms-kernel-trap-interview.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/rms-kol.html">rms-kol.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>Discours de Richard Stallman Ã  Kolkata (Calcutta), aoÃ»tÂ 2006</dd>
+  <dd>Discours sur le lLogiciel libre et le gouvernement du 
Bengale-Occidental</dd>
   <dt><a
 
href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html">rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Logiciel libreÂ : libertÃ© et coopÃ©ration</dd>
@@ -1580,7 +1581,7 @@
 
href="/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html">speeches-and-interview.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Discours et entretiens</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/stallman-kth.html">stallman-kth.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>ConfÃ©rence de RMS au KTH (SuÃ¨de), leÂ 30Â octobreÂ 1986</dd>
+  <dd>ConfÃ©rence de RMS au KTH (SuÃ¨de) en 1986</dd>
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html">stallman-mec-india.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Le danger des brevets logiciels (2001)</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">stallmans-law.html</a></dt>
@@ -2269,7 +2270,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 DerniÃ¨re mise Ã  jourÂ :
 
-$Date: 2021/09/14 17:07:17 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:26 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: server/po/sitemap.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/sitemap.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.339
retrieving revision 1.340
diff -u -b -r1.339 -r1.340
--- server/po/sitemap.fr-en.html        11 Sep 2021 11:35:44 -0000      1.339
+++ server/po/sitemap.fr-en.html        14 Sep 2021 21:32:27 -0000      1.340
@@ -1222,8 +1222,8 @@
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html">essays-and-articles.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Essays and Articles</dd>
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">europes-unitary-patent.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; could mean unlimited
-software patents</dd>
+  <dd>Europe's &ldquo;unitary patent&rdquo; Could Mean Unlimited
+Software Patents</dd>
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">fighting-software-patents.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/fire.html">fire.html</a></dt>
@@ -1434,11 +1434,11 @@
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/rms-kernel-trap-interview.html">rms-kernel-trap-interview.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Interview with Richard Stallman, KernelTrap.org, 2005</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/rms-kol.html">rms-kol.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>Richard Stallman's speech in Kolkata (Calcutta), August 2006</dd>
+  <dd>Speech on Free Software and the West Bengal Government</dd>
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html">rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/rms-on-radio-nz.html">rms-on-radio-nz.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>RMS on Radio NZ - October 2009</dd>
+  <dd>RMS on Radio New Zealand</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/rms-patents.html">rms-patents.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Solutions to the Software Patent Problem</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">rtlinux-patent.html</a></dt>
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html">speeches-and-interview.html</a></dt>
   <dd>Speeches and Interviews</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/stallman-kth.html">stallman-kth.html</a></dt>
-  <dd>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 30 October 1986</dd>
+  <dd>RMS lecture at KTH (Sweden), 1986</dd>
   <dt><a 
href="/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html">stallman-mec-india.html</a></dt>
   <dd>The Danger of Software Patents (2001)</dd>
   <dt><a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">stallmans-law.html</a></dt>
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/11 11:35:44 $
+$Date: 2021/09/14 21:32:27 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
[Prev in Thread]
Current Thread
[Next in Thread]
www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p..., GNUN <=
- www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p..., GNUN, 2021/09/28
Prev by Date: www philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr.po ...
Next by Date: www/philosophy stallman-kth.html
Previous by thread: www philosophy/po/europes-unitary-patent.fr.po ...
Next by thread: www philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.fr.html p...
Index(es):
- Date
- Thread