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www/philosophy floss-and-foss.de.html floss-and...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy floss-and-foss.de.html floss-and... |
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Date: |
Thu, 9 Sep 2021 05:33:24 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/09 05:33:23
Modified files:
philosophy : floss-and-foss.de.html floss-and-foss.nl.html
floss-and-foss.pl.html floss-and-foss.uk.html
selling.cs.html selling.de.html selling.it.html
selling.ja.html selling.nl.html selling.pl.html
selling.uk.html selling.zh-tw.html
shouldbefree.ar.html shouldbefree.ca.html
shouldbefree.de.html shouldbefree.el.html
shouldbefree.fi.html shouldbefree.hr.html
shouldbefree.nl.html shouldbefree.pl.html
shouldbefree.sr.html
philosophy/po : floss-and-foss.de-diff.html
floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html
selling.cs-diff.html selling.de-diff.html
selling.ja-diff.html selling.nl-diff.html
selling.pl-diff.html selling.uk-diff.html
selling.zh-tw-diff.html
shouldbefree.ar-diff.html
shouldbefree.ca-diff.html
shouldbefree.de-diff.html
shouldbefree.el-diff.html
shouldbefree.hr-diff.html
shouldbefree.nl-diff.html
shouldbefree.pl-diff.html
shouldbefree.sr-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html
floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html
selling.it-diff.html shouldbefree.fi-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.ja.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fi.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.hr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.ja-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fi-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: floss-and-foss.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- floss-and-foss.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.12
+++ floss-and-foss.de.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:16 -0000 1.13
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>FLOSS und FOSS</h2>
<p>von <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
@@ -134,7 +140,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:16 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: floss-and-foss.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- floss-and-foss.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:19 -0000 1.3
+++ floss-and-foss.nl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.4
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>FLOSS en FOSS</h2>
<p>door <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
@@ -117,7 +123,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:19 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: floss-and-foss.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- floss-and-foss.pl.html 9 Jul 2019 09:59:12 -0000 1.5
+++ floss-and-foss.pl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.6
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>FLOSS i FOSS</h2>
<p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
@@ -130,7 +136,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2019/07/09 09:59:12 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: floss-and-foss.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- floss-and-foss.uk.html 31 May 2021 20:31:35 -0000 1.6
+++ floss-and-foss.uk.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.7
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>FLOSS Ñа FOSS</h2>
<p><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
@@ -126,7 +132,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 20:31:35 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- selling.cs.html 30 May 2021 19:03:20 -0000 1.26
+++ selling.cs.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.cs.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.cs.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.cs-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.cs.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<h2>Prodej svobodného softwaru</h2>
<p><em>Také si můžete pÅeÄÃst: <a
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- selling.de.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:29 -0000 1.27
+++ selling.de.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Freie Software verkaufen<!--Vertrieb von Freie Software--></h2>
<p><span class="intro"><strong>In seinem Aufsatz <cite><a
@@ -272,7 +278,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:29 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- selling.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:16 -0000 1.34
+++ selling.it.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.35
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Vendere Software Libero</h2>
<p><em>Su una pagina separata sono disponibili anche commenti sulla
possibilitÃ
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:16 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.ja.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.ja.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- selling.ja.html 1 Jul 2021 02:03:51 -0000 1.39
+++ selling.ja.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.40
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.ja.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.ja.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.ja-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ja.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ja.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ja.html" -->
<h2>èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®è²©å£²</h2>
<p><em><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã»ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹(GNU
GPL
@@ -178,7 +184,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æçµæ´æ°:
-$Date: 2021/07/01 02:03:51 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- selling.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.23
+++ selling.nl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.24
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Het verkopen van vrije software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Er zijn ook ideeën
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- selling.pl.html 9 Jul 2019 09:59:14 -0000 1.53
+++ selling.pl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.54
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Sprzedaż Wolnego Oprogramowania</h2>
<p><em>SÄ
również dostÄpne <a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">opinie
@@ -278,7 +284,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2019/07/09 09:59:14 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- selling.uk.html 31 May 2021 20:31:36 -0000 1.16
+++ selling.uk.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:17 -0000 1.17
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>ÐÑодаж вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам</h2>
<p><em>У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">деÑкÑ
мÑÑкÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 20:31:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: selling.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- selling.zh-tw.html 27 Aug 2019 15:31:22 -0000 1.12
+++ selling.zh-tw.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:18 -0000 1.13
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/selling.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/selling.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/selling.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<h2>é·å®èªç±è»é«</h2>
<p><em><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">å¦å¤ä¹æä¸äºè§é»æ¢è¨èªç±è»é«ææ¬çé·å®ä¾å¤ï¼ä¾å¦
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2019/08/27 15:31:22 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:18 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- shouldbefree.ar.html 30 May 2021 17:01:47 -0000 1.10
+++ shouldbefree.ar.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ar.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ar.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات ØرةØ</h2>
<p>
@@ -772,7 +778,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 17:01:47 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.ca.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.ca.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- shouldbefree.ca.html 30 May 2021 19:03:20 -0000 1.37
+++ shouldbefree.ca.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ca.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ca.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ca.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ca.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ca.html" -->
<h2>Per què el programari hauria de ser lliure</h2>
<p>
@@ -904,7 +910,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Updated:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- shouldbefree.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.35
+++ shouldbefree.de.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Warum Software frei sein sollte</h2>
<p>
@@ -955,7 +961,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- shouldbefree.el.html 31 May 2021 16:00:29 -0000 1.12
+++ shouldbefree.el.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.13
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.el.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.el.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
<h2>ÎιαÏί Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÎÏει να είναι
ελεÏθεÏο</h2>
<p>
@@ -1009,7 +1015,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 16:00:29 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.fi.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fi.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- shouldbefree.fi.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:15 -0000 1.11
+++ shouldbefree.fi.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.12
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fi.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fi.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fi-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fi.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fi.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.fi.html" -->
<h2>Miksi ohjelmistojen pitäisi olla vapaita</h2>
<p>
@@ -902,7 +908,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Päivitetty:
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:15 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.hr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- shouldbefree.hr.html 30 May 2021 19:32:28 -0000 1.16
+++ shouldbefree.hr.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.17
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.hr.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.hr.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.hr.html" -->
<h2>Zašto bi softver trebao biti slobodan</h2>
<p>
@@ -863,7 +869,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Zadnji put promijenjeno:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:32:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- shouldbefree.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.22
+++ shouldbefree.nl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Waarom software vrij zou moeten zijn</h2>
<p>
@@ -940,7 +946,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- shouldbefree.pl.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:15 -0000 1.50
+++ shouldbefree.pl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.51
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Dlaczego oprogramowanie powinno byÄ wolne </h2>
<p>
@@ -989,7 +995,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:15 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- shouldbefree.sr.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.33
+++ shouldbefree.sr.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:19 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.sr.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.sr.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.sr.html" -->
<h2>ÐаÑÑо ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ ÑÑеба да бÑде Ñлободан</h2>
<p>
@@ -838,7 +844,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐжÑÑиÑано:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:19 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html 14 Sep 2016 06:29:33 -0000 1.2
+++ po/floss-and-foss.de-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:21 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,14 +11,24 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>FLOSS and FOSS - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>FLOSS and FOSS</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>The two political camps in the free software community are the free
software movement and open source. The free software movement is a
campaign
@@ -30,7 +40,7 @@
benefits only</a>.</p>
<p>To emphasize that “free software” refers to freedom and
-not to price, we sometimes write or say <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free/libre</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free (libre)</em></ins></span>
+not to price, we sometimes write or say “free (libre)
software,” adding the French or Spanish word that means free in
the sense of freedom. In some contexts, it works to use just
“libre software.”</p>
@@ -65,14 +75,14 @@
<p>We in the free software movement don't use either of these terms,
because we don't want to be neutral on the political question. We
stand for freedom, and we show it every time—by saying
-“free” and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“libre”.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“libre”— or “free
-(libre)”.</p></em></ins></span>
+“free” and “libre”— or “free
+(libre)”.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -90,18 +100,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2013, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2016</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -111,11 +121,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/09/14 06:29:33 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:21 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html 18 Nov 2016 07:32:55 -0000 1.2
+++ po/floss-and-foss.pl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:21 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,14 +11,24 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.79</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>FLOSS and FOSS - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>FLOSS and FOSS</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>The two political camps in the free software community are the free
software movement and open source. The free software movement is a
campaign
@@ -30,7 +40,7 @@
benefits only</a>.</p>
<p>To emphasize that “free software” refers to freedom and
-not to price, we sometimes write or say <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free/libre</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free (libre)</em></ins></span>
+not to price, we sometimes write or say “free (libre)
software,” adding the French or Spanish word that means free in
the sense of freedom. In some contexts, it works to use just
“libre software.”</p>
@@ -65,14 +75,14 @@
<p>We in the free software movement don't use either of these terms,
because we don't want to be neutral on the political question. We
stand for freedom, and we show it every time—by saying
-“free” and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“libre”.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“libre”— or “free
-(libre)”.</p></em></ins></span>
+“free” and “libre”— or “free
+(libre)”.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -90,18 +100,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2013, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2016</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -111,11 +121,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/11/18 07:32:55 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:21 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.cs-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- po/selling.cs-diff.html 27 Oct 2019 09:59:52 -0000 1.16
+++ po/selling.cs-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:22 -0000 1.17
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -31,8 +40,8 @@
<p>
Actually, we encourage people who redistribute
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> to charge as
much
-as they wish or can. If <span class="inserted"><ins><em>a license does not
permit users to make
-copies and sell them, it is a nonfree license. If</em></ins></span> this seems
+as they wish or can. If a license does not permit users to make
+copies and sell them, it is a nonfree license. If this seems
surprising to you, please read on.</p>
<p>
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
-the program, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>study and</em></ins></span>
change the program, and redistribute the program with or
+the program, study and change the program, and redistribute the program with or
without changes.</p>
<p>
@@ -53,7 +62,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">Nonfree
programs</a>
are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will give you
a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though.
-Price or no price, the program is nonfree because <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> users <span
class="removed"><del><strong>don't have</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are denied</em></ins></span>
+Price or no price, the program is nonfree because its users are denied
freedom.</p>
<p>
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,19 +224,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -240,24 +251,22 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2013</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2016, 2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/10/27 09:59:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:22 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/selling.de-diff.html 2 Mar 2018 06:35:54 -0000 1.1
+++ po/selling.de-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:22 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,11 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/03/02 06:35:54 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:22 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.ja-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.ja-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/selling.ja-diff.html 26 Jun 2019 20:32:25 -0000 1.7
+++ po/selling.ja-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:22 -0000 1.8
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
-the program, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>study and</em></ins></span>
change the program, and redistribute the program with or
+the program, study and change the program, and redistribute the program with or
without changes.</p>
<p>
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,12 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/06/26 20:32:25 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:22 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- po/selling.nl-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.11
+++ po/selling.nl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:22 -0000 1.12
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,12 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:22 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/selling.pl-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.5
+++ po/selling.pl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.6
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,12 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.uk-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/selling.uk-diff.html 19 May 2017 14:29:08 -0000 1.1
+++ po/selling.uk-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
-the program, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>study and</em></ins></span>
change the program, and redistribute the program with or
+the program, study and change the program, and redistribute the program with or
without changes.</p>
<p>
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2017</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,11 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/05/19 14:29:08 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html 2 Mar 2018 06:35:54 -0000 1.1
+++ po/selling.zh-tw-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,17 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -192,10 +201,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -213,13 +224,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -240,7 +251,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -251,11 +262,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/03/02 06:35:54 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html 1 Jul 2020 15:35:34 -0000 1.4
+++ po/shouldbefree.ar-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Read-only <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Memory">ROM</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Memory">ROM</abbr></em></ins></span>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 15:35:34 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.6
+++ po/shouldbefree.ca-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.7
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -781,7 +797,7 @@
Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
“promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The
Supreme Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film
-v. <span class="removed"><del><strong>Doyal</em>;</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Doyal</em></em></ins></span> that
“The sole interest of the United States
+v. Doyal</em> that “The sole interest of the United States
and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in
the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of
authors.”</p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,33 +887,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2010, 2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html 1 Jul 2020 15:35:34 -0000 1.4
+++ po/shouldbefree.de-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Read-only <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Memory">ROM</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Memory">ROM</abbr></em></ins></span>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 15:35:34 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.3
+++ po/shouldbefree.el-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.6
+++ po/shouldbefree.hr-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.7
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.12
+++ po/shouldbefree.nl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.13
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.4
+++ po/shouldbefree.pl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.3
+++ po/shouldbefree.sr-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:23 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,17 +11,33 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style></em></ins></span>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@
copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
-licenses, or encryption, or <acronym title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</acronym>
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
preventing use, it does harm.</p>
<p>
@@ -814,9 +830,9 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -843,15 +859,17 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -869,17 +887,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007,</strong></del></span> 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -889,12 +907,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html
diff -N po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/floss-and-foss.nl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:21 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>FLOSS and FOSS - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>FLOSS and FOSS</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
+<p>The two political camps in the free software community are the free
+software movement and open source. The free software movement is a
+campaign
+for <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+computer users' freedom</a>; we say that a nonfree program is an
+injustice to its users. The open source camp declines to see the
+issue as a matter of justice to the users, and bases its arguments on
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> practical
+benefits only</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To emphasize that “free software” refers to freedom and
+not to price, we sometimes write or say “free (libre)
+software,” adding the French or Spanish word that means free in
+the sense of freedom. In some contexts, it works to use just
+“libre software.”</p>
+
+<p>A researcher studying practices and methods used by developers in
+the free software community decided that these questions were
+independent of the developers' political views, so he used the term
+“FLOSS,” meaning “Free/Libre and Open Source
+Software,” to explicitly avoid a preference between the two
+political camps. If you wish to be neutral, this is a good way to do
+it, since this makes the names of the two camps equally prominent.</p>
+
+<p>Others use the term “FOSS,” which stands for
+“Free and Open Source Software.” This is meant to mean the
+same thing as “FLOSS,” but it is less clear, since it
+fails to explain that “free” refers to
<em>freedom</em>.
+It also makes “free software” less visible than
+“open source,” since it presents “open source”
+prominently but splits “free software” apart.</p>
+
+<p>“Free and Open Source Software” is misleading in
+another way: it suggests that “free and open source” names
+a single point of view, rather than mentioning two different ones.
+This conceptualization of the field is an obstacle to understanding
+the fact that free software and open source are different political
+positions that disagree fundamentally.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, if you want to be neutral between free software and open
+source, and clear about them, the way to achieve that is to say
+“FLOSS,” not “FOSS.”</p>
+
+<p>We in the free software movement don't use either of these terms,
+because we don't want to be neutral on the political question. We
+stand for freedom, and we show it every time—by saying
+“free” and “libre”— or “free
+(libre)”.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:21 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html
diff -N po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/floss-and-foss.uk-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:21 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>FLOSS and FOSS - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>FLOSS and FOSS</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
+<p>The two political camps in the free software community are the free
+software movement and open source. The free software movement is a
+campaign
+for <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+computer users' freedom</a>; we say that a nonfree program is an
+injustice to its users. The open source camp declines to see the
+issue as a matter of justice to the users, and bases its arguments on
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> practical
+benefits only</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To emphasize that “free software” refers to freedom and
+not to price, we sometimes write or say “free (libre)
+software,” adding the French or Spanish word that means free in
+the sense of freedom. In some contexts, it works to use just
+“libre software.”</p>
+
+<p>A researcher studying practices and methods used by developers in
+the free software community decided that these questions were
+independent of the developers' political views, so he used the term
+“FLOSS,” meaning “Free/Libre and Open Source
+Software,” to explicitly avoid a preference between the two
+political camps. If you wish to be neutral, this is a good way to do
+it, since this makes the names of the two camps equally prominent.</p>
+
+<p>Others use the term “FOSS,” which stands for
+“Free and Open Source Software.” This is meant to mean the
+same thing as “FLOSS,” but it is less clear, since it
+fails to explain that “free” refers to
<em>freedom</em>.
+It also makes “free software” less visible than
+“open source,” since it presents “open source”
+prominently but splits “free software” apart.</p>
+
+<p>“Free and Open Source Software” is misleading in
+another way: it suggests that “free and open source” names
+a single point of view, rather than mentioning two different ones.
+This conceptualization of the field is an obstacle to understanding
+the fact that free software and open source are different political
+positions that disagree fundamentally.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, if you want to be neutral between free software and open
+source, and clear about them, the way to achieve that is to say
+“FLOSS,” not “FOSS.”</p>
+
+<p>We in the free software movement don't use either of these terms,
+because we don't want to be neutral on the political question. We
+stand for freedom, and we show it every time—by saying
+“free” and “libre”— or “free
+(libre)”.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:21 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/selling.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/selling.it-diff.html
diff -N po/selling.it-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/selling.it-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:33:22 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/selling.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.86</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Selling Free Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
+
+<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some
views on the
+ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
+GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="thin" />
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
+<p>
+Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
+should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
+you should charge as little as possible—just enough to cover
+the cost. This is a misunderstanding.</p>
+
+<p>
+Actually, we encourage people who redistribute
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> to charge as
much
+as they wish or can. If a license does not permit users to make
+copies and sell them, it is a nonfree license. If this seems
+surprising to you, please read on.</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” has two legitimate general meanings; it can refer
+either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
+we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
+not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
+the program, study and change the program, and redistribute the program with or
+without changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+Free programs are sometimes distributed gratis, and sometimes for a
+substantial price. Often the same program is available in both ways
+from different places. The program is free regardless of the price,
+because users have freedom in using it.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">Nonfree
programs</a>
+are usually sold for a high price, but sometimes a store will give you
+a copy at no charge. That doesn't make it free software, though.
+Price or no price, the program is nonfree because its users are denied
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since free software is not a matter of price, a low price doesn't make
+the software
+free, or even closer to free. So if you are redistributing copies of free
+software, you might as well charge a substantial fee and <em>make
+some money</em>. Redistributing free software is a good and
+legitimate activity; if you do it, you might as well make a profit
+from it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it
+ought to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a
+distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to free
software development projects or to the
+<a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software Foundation</a>. This way
you can
+advance the world of free software.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>Distributing free software is an opportunity to raise
+funds for development. Don't waste it!</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+In order to contribute funds, you need to have some extra. If you
+charge too low a fee, you won't have anything to spare to support
+development.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Will a higher distribution price hurt some users?</h3>
+
+<p>
+People sometimes worry that a high distribution fee will put free
+software out of range for users who don't have a lot of money. With
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary
+software</a>, a high price does exactly that—but free software
+is different.</p>
+
+<p>
+The difference is that free software naturally tends to spread around,
+and there are many ways to get it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Software hoarders try their damnedest to stop you from running a
+proprietary program without paying the standard price. If this price
+is high, that does make it hard for some users to use the program.</p>
+
+<p>
+With free software, users don't <em>have</em> to pay the
+distribution fee in order to use the software. They can copy the
+program from a friend who has a copy, or with the help of a friend who
+has network access. Or several users can join together, split the
+price of one CD-ROM, then each in turn can install the software. A high
+CD-ROM price is not a major obstacle when the software is free.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Will a higher distribution price discourage use of free
software?</h3>
+
+<p>
+Another common concern is for the popularity of free software. People
+think that a high price for distribution would reduce the number of
+users, or that a low price is likely to encourage users.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is true for proprietary software—but free software is
+different. With so many ways to get copies, the price of distribution
+service has less effect on popularity.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the long run, how many people use free software is determined
+mainly by <em>how much free software can do</em>, and how easy it
+is to use. Many users do not make freedom their priority; they
+may continue to use proprietary software if
+free software can't do all the jobs they want done. Thus, if we want
+to increase the number of users in the long run, we should above all
+<em>develop more free software</em>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The most direct way to do this is by writing needed
+<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist">free
software</a>
+or
+<a href="/doc/doc.html">manuals</a> yourself. But if you do
+distribution rather than writing, the best way you can help is by
+raising funds for others to write them.</p>
+
+
+<h3>The term “selling software” can be confusing
too</h3>
+
+<p>
+Strictly speaking, “selling” means trading goods for
+money. Selling a copy of a free program is legitimate, and we
+encourage it.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, when people think of
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware">“selling
software”</a>,
+they usually imagine doing it the way most companies do it: making the
+software proprietary rather than free.</p>
+
+<p>
+So unless you're going to draw distinctions carefully, the way this
+article does, we suggest it is better to avoid using the term
+“selling software” and choose some other wording instead.
+For example, you could say “distributing free software for a
+fee”—that is unambiguous.</p>
+
+
+<h3>High or low fees, and the GNU GPL</h3>
+
+<p>
+Except for one special situation, the
+<a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU
GPL)
+has no requirements about how much you can charge for distributing a
+copy of free software. You can charge nothing, a penny, a dollar, or
+a billion dollars. It's up to you, and the marketplace, so don't
+complain to us if nobody wants to pay a billion dollars for a
+copy.</p>
+
+<p>
+The one exception is in the case where binaries are distributed
+without the corresponding complete source code. Those who do this are
+required by the GNU GPL to provide source code on subsequent request.
+Without a limit on the fee for the source code, they would be able set
+a fee too large for anyone to pay—such as a billion
+dollars—and thus pretend to release source code while in truth
+concealing it. So <a href="/licenses/gpl.html#section6">in this case we
+have to limit the fee</a> for source in order
+to ensure the user's freedom. In ordinary situations, however, there
+is no such justification for limiting distribution fees, so we do not
+limit them.</p>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes companies whose activities cross the line stated in the GNU
+GPL plead for permission, saying that they “won't charge
+money for the GNU software” or such like. That won't get them anywhere
+with us. Free software is about freedom, and enforcing the GPL is
+defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
+distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
+charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
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+ replace it with the translation of these two:
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+of this article.</p>
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+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
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+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
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+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © <span class="removed"><del><strong>1996, 1997,
1998,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1996-1998,</em></ins></span> 2001, 2007, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016, 2017, 2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span>
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:33:22 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
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+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
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+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Why Software Should Be Free
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
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+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
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+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p id="introduction"></em></ins></span>
+The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
+decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
+individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
+copy. It is possible for them to copy the program; who should decide
+whether this is done? The individuals involved? Or another party,
+called the “owner”?</p>
+<p>
+ Software developers typically consider these questions on the
+assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers'
+profits. The political power of business has led to the government
+adoption of both this criterion and the answer proposed by the
+developers: that the program has an owner, typically a corporation
+associated with its development.</p>
+<p>
+ I would like to consider the same question using a different
+criterion: the prosperity and freedom of the public in general.</p>
+<p>
+ This answer cannot be decided by current law—the law should
+conform to ethics, not the other way around. Nor does current
+practice decide this question, although it may suggest possible
+answers. The only way to judge is to see who is helped and who is
+hurt by recognizing owners of software, why, and how much. In other
+words, we should perform a cost-benefit analysis on behalf of society
+as a whole, taking account of individual freedom as well as production
+of material goods.</p>
+<p>
+ In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and
+show that the results are detrimental. My conclusion is that
+programmers have the duty to encourage others to share, redistribute,
+study, and improve the software we write: in other words, to write
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free”
+software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
+<p>
+ Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
+offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
+emotional argument and the economic argument.</p>
+<p>
+ The emotional argument goes like this: “I put my sweat, my
+heart, my soul into this program. It comes from <em>me</em>,
+it's <em>mine</em>!”</p>
+<p>
+ This argument does not require serious refutation. The feeling of
+attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them;
+it is not inevitable. Consider, for example, how willingly the same
+programmers usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a
+salary; the emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes. By contrast,
+consider the great artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't
+even sign their names to their work. To them, the name of the artist
+was not important. What mattered was that the work was done—and
+the purpose it would serve. This view prevailed for hundreds of
+years.</p>
+<p>
+ The economic argument goes like this: “I want to get rich
+(usually described inaccurately as ‘making a living’), and
+if you don't allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't
+program. Everyone else is like me, so nobody will ever program. And
+then you'll be stuck with no programs at all!” This threat is
+usually veiled as friendly advice from the wise.</p>
+<p>
+ I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff. First I want to
+address an implicit assumption that is more visible in another
+formulation of the argument.</p>
+<p>
+ This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a
+proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that
+proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and
+should be encouraged. The fallacy here is in comparing only two
+outcomes—proprietary software versus no software—and assuming
+there are no other possibilities.</p>
+<p>
+ Given a system of software copyright, software development is
+usually linked with the existence of an owner who controls the
+software's use. As long as this linkage exists, we are often faced with
+the choice of proprietary software or none. However, this linkage is
+not inherent or inevitable; it is a consequence of the specific
+social/legal policy decision that we are questioning: the decision to
+have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
+versus no software is begging the question.</p>
+
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having
Owners</h3>
+<p>
+ The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked
+with having owners to restrict the use of it?”</p>
+<p>
+ In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of
+each of those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of
developing
+the software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect
+of restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed). If
+one of these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be
+better off dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one.</p>
+<p>
+ To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program
+already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical
+software developer will reject the option of doing so.</p>
+<p>
+ To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare
+the value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with
+that of the same program, available to everyone. This means comparing
+two possible worlds.</p>
+<p>
+ This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes
+made that “the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a
+copy of a program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.”
+This counterargument assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal
+in magnitude. The analysis involves comparing these magnitudes, and
+shows that the benefit is much greater.</p>
+<p>
+ To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road
+construction.</p>
+<p>
+ It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with
+tolls. This would entail having toll booths at all street corners.
+Such a system would provide a great incentive to improve roads. It
+would also have the virtue of causing the users of any given road to
+pay for that road. However, a toll booth is an artificial obstruction
+to smooth driving—artificial, because it is not a consequence of
+how roads or cars work.</p>
+<p>
+ Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find
+that (all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to
+construct, cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to
+use.<a href="#f2">(2)</a> In a poor country, tolls may make the
roads
+unavailable to many citizens. The roads without toll booths thus
+offer more benefit to society at less cost; they are preferable for
+society. Therefore, society should choose to fund roads in another
+way, not by means of toll booths. Use of roads, once built, should be
+free.</p>
+<p>
+ When the advocates of toll booths propose them as
<em>merely</em> a
+way of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available. Toll
+booths do raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect,
+they degrade the road. The toll road is not as good as the free road;
+giving us more or technically superior roads may not be an improvement
+if this means substituting toll roads for free roads.</p>
+<p>
+ Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the
+public must somehow pay. However, this does not imply the inevitability
+of toll booths. We who must in either case pay will get more value for
+our money by buying a free road.</p>
+<p>
+ I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all.
+That would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used
+the road—but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector.
+However, as long as the toll booths cause significant waste and
+inconvenience, it is better to raise the funds in a less obstructive
+fashion.</p>
+<p>
+ To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show
+that having “toll booths” for useful software programs
+costs society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to
+construct, more expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and
+efficient to use. It will follow that program construction should be
+encouraged in some other way. Then I will go on to explain other
+methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually necessary) funding
+software development.</p>
+
+<h4 id="harm-done">The Harm Done by Obstructing Software</h4>
+<p>
+ Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any
+necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must
+choose either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use.
+Assume that the existence of the program and its availability is a
+desirable thing.<a href="#f3">(3)</a></p>
+<p>
+ Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program
+cannot facilitate its use. They can only interfere. So the effect can
+only be negative. But how much? And what kind?</p>
+<p>
+ Three different levels of material harm come from such
obstruction:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fewer people use the program.</li>
+
+<li>None of the users can adapt or fix the program.</li>
+
+<li>Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on
it.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+ Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial
+harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their
+subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions. These changes in
+people's ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their
+relationships with their fellow citizens, and can have material
+consequences.</p>
+<p>
+ The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the
+program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero. If they
+waste nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program
+harms society by at most the effort that went into writing the program.
+Arguably a program that is profitable to sell must provide some net
+direct material benefit.</p>
+<p>
+ However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there
+is no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do.</p>
+
+<h4 id="obstructing-use">Obstructing Use of Programs</h4>
+<p>
+ The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program. A copy
+of a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by
+doing the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero
+price. A license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program.
+If a widely useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use
it.</p>
+<p>
+ It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to
+society is reduced by assigning an owner to it. Each potential user of
+the program, faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay,
+or may forego use of the program. When a user chooses to pay, this is a
+zero-sum transfer of wealth between two parties. But each time someone
+chooses to forego use of the program, this harms that person without
+benefiting anyone. The sum of negative numbers and zeros must be
+negative.</p>
+<p>
+ But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to
<em>develop</em>
+the program. As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in
+delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced.</p>
+<p>
+ This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and
+cars, chairs, or sandwiches. There is no copying machine for material
+objects outside of science fiction. But programs are easy to copy;
+anyone can produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little
+effort. This isn't true for material objects because matter is
+conserved: each new copy has to be built from raw materials in the same
+way that the first copy was built.</p>
+<p>
+ With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense,
+because fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed
+to make them. It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a
+development cost, which is spread over the production run. But as long
+as the marginal cost of production is significant, adding a share of the
+development cost does not make a qualitative difference. And it does
+not require restrictions on the freedom of ordinary users.</p>
+<p>
+ However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free
+is a qualitative change. A centrally imposed fee for software
+distribution becomes a powerful disincentive.</p>
+<p>
+ What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even
+as a means of delivering copies of software. This system involves
+enclosing physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping
+large numbers of them around the world, and storing them for sale. This
+cost is presented as an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part
+of the waste caused by having owners.</p>
+
+<h4 id="damaging-social-cohesion">Damaging Social Cohesion</h4>
+<p>
+ Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a
+certain program. In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel
+that proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it.
+A proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while
+restraining the other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should
+find it acceptable.</p>
+<p>
+ Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your
+neighbor: “I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so
+that I can have a copy for myself.” People who make such choices
+feel internal psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading
+the importance of helping one's neighbors—thus public spirit
+suffers. This is psychosocial harm associated with the material harm
+of discouraging use of the program.</p>
+<p>
+ Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so
+they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway.
+But they often feel guilty about doing so. They know that they must
+break the laws in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider
+the laws authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor
+(which they are) is naughty or shameful. That is also a kind of
+psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by deciding that these licenses
+and laws have no moral force.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users
+will not be allowed to use their work. This leads to an attitude of
+cynicism or denial. A programmer may describe enthusiastically the
+work that he finds technically exciting; then when asked, “Will I be
+permitted to use it?”, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no.
+To avoid feeling discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the
+time or adopts a cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of
+it.</p>
+<p>
+ Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States
+is not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together
+for the public good. It makes no sense to encourage the former at the
+expense of the latter.</p>
+
+<h4 id="custom-adaptation">Obstructing Custom Adaptation of
Programs</h4>
+<p>
+ The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.
+The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over
+older technology. But most commercially available software isn't
+available for modification, even after you buy it. It's available for
+you to take it or leave it, as a black box—that is all.</p>
+<p>
+ A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose
+meaning is obscure. No one, not even a good programmer, can easily
+change the numbers to make the program do something different.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers normally work with the “source code” for a
+program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or
+C. It uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of
+the program, and it represents operations with symbols such as
+‘+’ for addition and ‘-’ for subtraction. It
+is designed to help programmers read and change programs. Here is an
+example; a program to calculate the distance between two points in a
+plane:</p>
+
+<pre>
+ float
+ distance (p0, p1)
+ struct point p0, p1;
+ {
+ float xdist = p1.x - p0.x;
+ float ydist = p1.y - p0.y;
+ return sqrt (xdist * xdist + ydist * ydist);
+ }
+</pre>
+<p>
+ Precisely what that source code means is not the point; the point
+ is that it looks like algebra, and a person who knows this
+ programming language will find it meaningful and clear. By
+ contrast, here is same program in executable form, on the computer
+ I normally used when I wrote this:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+ 1314258944 -232267772 -231844864 1634862
+ 1411907592 -231844736 2159150 1420296208
+ -234880989 -234879837 -234879966 -232295424
+ 1644167167 -3214848 1090581031 1962942495
+ 572518958 -803143692 1314803317
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+ Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a
+program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source
+code. Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret
+by the owner, lest anybody else learn something from it. Users receive
+only the files of incomprehensible numbers that the computer will
+execute. This means that only the program's owner can change the
+program.</p>
+<p>
+ A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for
+about six months, writing a program similar to something that was
+commercially available. She believed that if she could have gotten
+source code for that commercially available program, it could easily
+have been adapted to their needs. The bank was willing to pay for
+this, but was not permitted to—the source code was a secret. So
+she had to do six months of make-work, work that counts in the GNP but
+was actually waste.</p>
+<p>
+ The <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of
Technology">MIT</abbr>
+Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a
+gift from Xerox around 1977. It was run by free software to which we
+added many convenient features. For example, the software would
+notify a user immediately on completion of a print job. Whenever the
+printer had trouble, such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the
+software would immediately notify all users who had print jobs
+queued. These features facilitated smooth operation.</p>
+<p>
+ Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first
+laser printers. It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a
+separate dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite
+features. We could arrange to send a notification when a print job was
+sent to the dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually
+printed (and the delay was usually considerable). There was no way to
+find out when the job was actually printed; you could only guess. And
+no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so the printer often
+went for an hour without being fixed.</p>
+<p>
+ The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such
+problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program.
+Xerox was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we
+were forced to accept the problems. They were never fixed.</p>
+<p>
+ Most good programmers have experienced this frustration. The bank
+could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from
+scratch, but a typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up.</p>
+<p>
+ Giving up causes psychosocial harm—to the spirit of
+self-reliance. It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot
+rearrange to suit your needs. It leads to resignation and
+discouragement, which can spread to affect other aspects of one's
+life. People who feel this way are unhappy and do not do good
+work.</p>
+<p>
+ Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same
+fashion as software. You might say, “How do I change this
+recipe to take out the salt?” and the great chef would respond,
+“How dare you insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my
+palate, by trying to tamper with it? You don't have the judgment to
+change my recipe and make it work right!”</p>
+<p>
+ “But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I
+do? Will you take out the salt for me?”</p>
+<p>
+ “I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.”
+Since the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large.
+“However, right now I don't have time. I am busy with a
+commission to design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy
+Department. I might get around to you in about two years.”</p>
+
+<h4 id="software-development">Obstructing Software Development</h4>
+<p>
+ The third level of material harm affects software development.
+Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a
+person would take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one
+new feature, and then another person would rewrite parts to add
+another feature; in some cases, this continued over a period of twenty
+years. Meanwhile, parts of the program would be
+“cannibalized” to form the beginnings of other
+programs.</p>
+<p>
+ The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it
+necessary to start from scratch when developing a program. It also
+prevents new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn
+useful techniques or even how large programs can be structured.</p>
+<p>
+ Owners also obstruct education. I have met bright students in
+computer science who have never seen the source code of a large
+program. They may be good at writing small programs, but they can't
+begin to learn the different skills of writing large ones if they can't
+see how others have done it.</p>
+<p>
+ In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by
+standing on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally
+allowed in the software field—you can only stand on the
+shoulders of the other people <em>in your own
company</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific
+cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate
+even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese
+oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific
+carefully preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a
+note asking them to take good care of it.</p>
+<p>
+ Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.
+Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers
+to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough
+to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is
+certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the
+programs reported on is usually secret.</p>
+
+<h4 id="does-not-matter-how">It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is
Restricted</h4>
+<p>
+ I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from
+copying, changing, and building on a program. I have not specified
+how this obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the
+conclusion. Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or
+licenses, or encryption, or <abbr title="Read-only
Memory">ROM</abbr>
+cards, or hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in
+preventing use, it does harm.</p>
+<p>
+ Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others.
+I suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their
+objective.</p>
+
+<h4 id="should-be-free">Software Should be Free</h4>
+<p>
+ I have shown how ownership of a program—the power to restrict
+changing or copying it—is obstructive. Its negative effects are
+widespread and important. It follows that society shouldn't have
+owners for programs.</p>
+<p>
+ Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free
+software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute. Encouraging
+the substitute is not a rational way to get what we need.</p>
+<p>
+ Vaclav Havel has advised us to “Work for something because it is
+good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.” A business
+making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
+terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<p>
+ If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
+people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
+but that software will be more useful. It is not clear whether the
+overall delivered user satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if
+we wish to increase it anyway, there are other ways to encourage
+development, just as there are ways besides toll booths to raise money
+for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I want to
+question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary.</p>
+
+<h4 id="fun">Programming is Fun</h4>
+<p>
+ There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money;
+road construction, for example. There are other fields of study and
+art in which there is little chance to become rich, which people enter
+for their fascination or their perceived value to society. Examples
+include mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and
+political organizing among working people. People compete, more sadly
+than bitterly, for the few funded positions available, none of which is
+funded very well. They may even pay for the chance to work in the
+field, if they can afford to.</p>
+<p>
+ Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the
+possibility of getting rich. When one worker gets rich, others demand
+the same opportunity. Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing
+what they used to do for pleasure. When another couple of years go by,
+everyone connected with the field will deride the idea that work would
+be done in the field without large financial returns. They will advise
+social planners to ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing
+special privileges, powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so.</p>
+<p>
+ This change happened in the field of computer programming in the
+1980s. In the 1970s, there were articles on
+“computer addiction”: users were “onlining”
+and had hundred-dollar-a-week habits. It was generally understood
+that people frequently loved programming enough to break up their
+marriages. Today, it is generally understood that no one would
+program except for a high rate of pay. People have forgotten what they
+knew back then.</p>
+<p>
+ When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a
+certain field only for high pay, it need not remain true. The dynamic
+of change can run in reverse, if society provides an impetus. If we
+take away the possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the
+people have readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager
+to work in the field for the joy of accomplishment.</p>
+<p>
+ The question “How can we pay programmers?” becomes an
+easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them
+a fortune. A mere living is easier to raise.</p>
+
+<h4 id="funding">Funding Free Software</h4>
+<p>
+ Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.
+Many other institutions already exist that can do this.</p>
+<p>
+ Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software
+development even if they cannot control the use of the software. In
+1970, much of their software was free because they did not consider
+restricting it. Today, their increasing willingness to join consortiums
+shows their realization that owning the software is not what is really
+important for them.</p>
+<p>
+ Universities conduct many programming projects. Today they often
+sell the results, but in the 1970s they did not. Is there any doubt
+that universities would develop free software if they were not allowed
+to sell software? These projects could be supported by the same
+government contracts and grants that now support proprietary software
+development.</p>
+<p>
+ It is common today for university researchers to get grants to
+develop a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and
+call that “finished”, and then start companies where they
+really finish the project and make it usable. Sometimes they declare
+the unfinished version “free”; if they are thoroughly
+corrupt, they instead get an exclusive license from the university.
+This is not a secret; it is openly admitted by everyone concerned.
+Yet if the researchers were not exposed to the temptation to do these
+things, they would still do their research.</p>
+<p>
+ Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling
+services related to the software. I have been hired to port the
+<a href="/software/gcc/">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and
+to make user-interface extensions to
+<a href="/software/emacs/">GNU Emacs</a>. (I offer these
improvements
+to the public once they are done.) I also teach classes for which I
+am paid.</p>
+<p>
+ I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful,
+growing corporation which does no other kind of work. Several other
+companies also provide commercial support for the free software of the
+GNU system. This is the beginning of the independent software support
+industry—an industry that could become quite large if free
+software becomes prevalent. It provides users with an option
+generally unavailable for proprietary software, except to the very
+wealthy.</p>
+<p>
+ New institutions such as the <a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
+Foundation</a> can also fund programmers. Most of the Foundation's
+funds come from users buying tapes through the mail. The software on
+the tapes is free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy
+it and change it, but many nonetheless pay to get copies. (Recall
+that “free software” refers to freedom, not to price.)
+Some users who already have a copy order tapes as a way of making a
+contribution they feel we deserve. The Foundation also receives
+sizable donations from computer manufacturers.</p>
+<p>
+ The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on
+hiring as many programmers as possible. If it had been set up as a
+business, distributing the same free software to the public for the same
+fee, it would now provide a very good living for its founder.</p>
+<p>
+ Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the
+Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere. They do this
+because we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction
+in knowing that their work will not be obstructed from use. Most of
+all, they do it because programming is fun. In addition, volunteers
+have written many useful programs for us. (Even technical writers
+have begun to volunteer.)</p>
+<p>
+ This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all
+fields, along with music and art. We don't have to fear that no one
+will want to program.</p>
+
+<h4 id="owe">What Do Users Owe to Developers?</h4>
+<p>
+ There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral
+obligation to contribute to its support. Developers of free software
+are contributing to the users' activities, and it is both fair and in
+the long-term interest of the users to give them funds to continue.</p>
+<p>
+ However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers,
+since obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward.</p>
+<p>
+ We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled
+to the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral
+obligation into a requirement destroys the basis for the obligation. A
+developer can either deserve a reward or demand it, but not both.</p>
+<p>
+ I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act
+so as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for
+voluntary donations. Eventually the users will learn to support
+developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
+radio and television stations.</p>
+
+<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<p>
+ If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
+fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?</p>
+<p>
+ Not necessarily. Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than
+in 1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few
+deliver more food to the consumers than the many used to do. We call
+this improved productivity. Free software would require far fewer
+programmers to satisfy the demand, because of increased software
+productivity at all levels:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li> Wider use of each program that is developed.</li>
+<li> The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead
+ of starting from scratch.</li>
+<li> Better education of programmers.</li>
+<li> The elimination of duplicate development effort.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+ Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the
+employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased
+productivity. Yet these people usually accept the widely held belief
+that the software industry needs increased productivity. How is
this?</p>
+<p>
+ “Software productivity” can mean two different things:
+the overall productivity of all software development, or the
+productivity of individual projects. Overall productivity is what
+society would like to improve, and the most straightforward way to do
+this is to eliminate the artificial obstacles to cooperation which
+reduce it. But researchers who study the field of “software
+productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
+term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
+
+<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<p>
+ Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
+rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
+harmful; the harmful thing is <em>combat</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ There are many ways to compete. Competition can consist of trying
+to achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done. For example, in
+the old days, there was competition among programming
+wizards—competition for who could make the computer do the most
+amazing thing, or for who could make the shortest or fastest program
+for a given task. This kind of competition can benefit
+everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship is
+maintained.</p>
+<p>
+ Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to
+great efforts. A number of people are competing to be the first to have
+visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to
+do this. But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on
+desert islands. They are content to let the best person win.</p>
+<p>
+ Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to
+impede each other instead of advancing themselves—when
+“Let the best person win” gives way to “Let me win,
+best or not.” Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is
+a form of competition, but because it is a form of combat among the
+citizens of our society.</p>
+<p>
+ Competition in business is not necessarily combat. For example, when
+two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own
+operations, not to sabotage the rival. But this does not demonstrate a
+special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for
+combat in this line of business short of physical violence. Not all
+areas of business share this characteristic. Withholding information
+that could help everyone advance is a form of combat.</p>
+<p>
+ Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to
+combat the competition. Some forms of combat have been banned with
+antitrust laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than
+generalizing this to a principled rejection of combat in general,
+executives invent other forms of combat which are not specifically
+prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
+equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
+
+<h3 id="communism">“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”</h3>
+<p>
+ In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
+form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
+example, it is leveled against the supporters of a national health care
+system, such as is found in all the other industrialized nations of the
+free world. It is leveled against the advocates of public support for
+the arts, also universal in advanced nations. The idea that citizens
+have any obligation to the public good is identified in America with
+Communism. But how similar are these ideas?</p>
+<p>
+ Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of
+central control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the
+common good, but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist
+party. And where copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent
+illegal copying.</p>
+<p>
+ The American system of software copyright exercises central control
+over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with
+automatic copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying.</p>
+<p>
+ By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free
+to decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their
+neighbors, and free to alter and improve the tools which they use in
+their daily lives. A system based on voluntary cooperation and on
+decentralization.</p>
+<p>
+ Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
+Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
+
+<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<p>
+ I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
+less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
+words, their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide
+which course of action is best.</p>
+<p>
+ This premise is not universally accepted. Many maintain that an
+author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else.
+They say, for example, that the purpose of having owners of software
+is to give the author's employer the advantage he
+deserves—regardless of how this may affect the public.</p>
+<p>
+ It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises. Proof
+requires shared premises. So most of what I have to say is addressed
+only to those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested
+in what their consequences are. For those who believe that the owners
+are more important than everyone else, this paper is simply
irrelevant.</p>
+<p>
+ But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that
+elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly
+because of the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions
+of American society. Some people feel that doubting the premise means
+challenging the basis of society.</p>
+<p>
+ It is important for these people to know that this premise is not
+part of our legal tradition. It never has been.</p>
+<p>
+ Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to
+“promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts.” The
+Supreme Court has elaborated on this, stating in <em>Fox Film
+v. Doyal</em> that “The sole interest of the United States
+and the primary object in conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in
+the general benefits derived by the public from the labors of
+authors.”</p>
+<p>
+ We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme
+Court. (At one time, they both condoned slavery.) So their positions
+do not disprove the owner supremacy premise. But I hope that the
+awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
+traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
+
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
+<p>
+ We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
+but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
+the wealth they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite
+message.</p>
+<p>
+ Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard
+the welfare of society for personal gain. We can trace this disregard
+from Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from
+failing banks to failing schools. We can measure it with the size of
+the homeless population and the prison population. The antisocial
+spirit feeds on itself, because the more we see that other people will
+not help us, the more it seems futile to help them. Thus society decays
+into a jungle.</p>
+<p>
+ If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes.
+We must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who
+cooperates when appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from
+others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
+this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
+efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<h3 <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footnotes"
class="footnote">Footnotes</h3></em></ins></span>
+
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
+refers to freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free
+program may be zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large.</li>
+
+<li id="f2">The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not
+alter this conclusion. If we wish to make driving more expensive to
+discourage driving in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using
+toll booths, which contribute to both pollution and congestion. A tax
+on gasoline is much better. Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by
+limiting maximum speed is not relevant; a free-access road enhances
+the average speed by avoiding stops and delays, for any given speed
+limit.</li>
+
+<li id="f3">One might regard a particular computer program as a
+harmful thing that should not be available at all, like the Lotus
+Marketplace database of personal information, which was withdrawn from
+sale due to public disapproval. Most of what I say does not apply to
+this case, but it makes little sense to argue for having an owner on
+the grounds that the owner will make the program less available. The
+owner will not make it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one
would
+wish in the case of a program whose use is considered
+destructive.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="no-display"</em></ins></span>
/>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="edu-note c"><p
id="fsfs">This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
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+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
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+
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+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2000, 2001,</strong></del></span> 2006, <span
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class="removed"><del><strong>2017, 2018, 2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
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+<!-- timestamp end -->
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