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www/philosophy free-open-overlap.de.html free-o...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy free-open-overlap.de.html free-o... |
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Date: |
Thu, 9 Sep 2021 05:02:24 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/09 05:02:24
Modified files:
philosophy : free-open-overlap.de.html
free-open-overlap.it.html
free-open-overlap.ja.html
free-open-overlap.uk.html
linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html
linux-gnu-freedom.de.html
linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html
linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html
linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html
open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html
open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html
philosophy/po : linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html
linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html
linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html
open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html
open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : free-open-overlap.de-diff.html
free-open-overlap.it-diff.html
free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html
free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html
linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.ja.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: free-open-overlap.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- free-open-overlap.de.html 31 May 2021 13:39:52 -0000 1.17
+++ free-open-overlap.de.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.18
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Wie Freie Software und Open-Source-Software als Programmkategorien
zusammenhängen</h2>
@@ -128,7 +134,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:52 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-open-overlap.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- free-open-overlap.it.html 1 Jan 2016 15:15:25 -0000 1.2
+++ free-open-overlap.it.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>La relazione tra software libero ed open source come categorie di
programmi</h2>
<p>Ecco espressa la relazione tra <a
@@ -117,7 +123,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2016/01/01 15:15:25 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-open-overlap.ja.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.ja.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- free-open-overlap.ja.html 3 Feb 2016 09:13:46 -0000 1.4
+++ free-open-overlap.ja.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.ja.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.ja.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ja.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ja.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ja.html" -->
<h2>èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¨ãªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ã¯ããã°ã©ã
ã®ã«ãã´ãªã¨ãã¦ã©ãé¢ä¿ããã</h2>
<p>ãã¡ãã<a
@@ -97,7 +103,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æçµæ´æ°:
-$Date: 2016/02/03 09:13:46 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-open-overlap.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-open-overlap.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- free-open-overlap.uk.html 30 May 2021 08:31:19 -0000 1.4
+++ free-open-overlap.uk.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>СпÑввÑдноÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам Ñ
вÑдкÑиÑого виÑ
Ñдного ÑекÑÑÑ</h2>
<p>ÐÑÑ Ñк ÑпÑввÑдноÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° з одноÑ
каÑегоÑÑÑ <a
@@ -119,7 +125,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 08:31:19 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html 30 May 2021 19:03:19 -0000 1.11
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.cs.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.12
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.cs.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<h2>Linux, GNU a svoboda</h2>
<p>
@@ -260,7 +266,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:19 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- linux-gnu-freedom.de.html 30 Apr 2021 17:04:25 -0000 1.13
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.de.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -11,6 +16,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Linux, GNU und Freiheit</h2>
<p>
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 17:04:25 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000 1.19
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.nl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.20
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Linux, GNU en vrijheid</h2>
<p>
@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:30 -0000 1.39
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.pl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.40
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -15,6 +20,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Linux, GNU, i wolnoÅÄ</h2>
<p>
@@ -306,7 +312,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:30 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html 12 Jun 2021 08:29:07 -0000 1.35
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -13,6 +18,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.sr.html" -->
<h2>ÐинÑкÑ, ÐÐУ и Ñлобода</h2>
<p>
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐжÑÑиÑано:
-$Date: 2021/06/12 08:29:07 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html 31 May 2021 09:06:20 -0000
1.26
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.nl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000
1.27
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Waarom “open bron” de essentie van vrije software niet
begrijpt</h2>
<address class="byline">door Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -494,7 +500,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
--- open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html 29 May 2021 22:59:06 -0000
1.52
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.pl.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000
1.53
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-11" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Dlaczego otwartemu oprogramowaniu umyka idea Wolnego Oprogramowania</h2>
<address class="byline">Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -573,7 +579,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2021/05/29 22:59:06 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html 30 Apr 2021 11:18:36 -0000 1.3
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,22 +11,32 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.90</em></ins></span> -->
-<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</em></ins></span>
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and <span class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</h2>
<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+ by <strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</h2>
+<address class="byline">by Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
- Since <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</strong></del></span>
- <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</em></ins></span>
Barr's
+ Since <a
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe
Barr's
article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
reasons.</p>
@@ -106,7 +116,7 @@
There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
- use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ use of a <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program, and
challenge anyone who complains to
provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
“politicized” by consideration of their social
@@ -123,11 +133,11 @@
Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
(formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
- (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ (see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>)</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.eff.org/">www.eff.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
which
proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
- protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program
that is “better” (technically) than available free
programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
@@ -135,17 +145,18 @@
Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
- freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> and
free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
- influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
- ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ influential—and that message says, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Nonfree</em></ins></span> software is
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>ok;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>OK;</em></ins></span> I use it and develop
it myself.” If they recognize our
role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
is, “This system exists because of people who care about
freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
it.”
- See <a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU
Project</a></em></ins></span>
for the history.</p>
<p>
When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
@@ -162,7 +173,7 @@
Project campaign for freedom.</p>
<p>
Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
- the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> version control system that
Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
like to address that issue as well.</p>
<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
@@ -171,10 +182,10 @@
<p>
The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
- patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program.
There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
- to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ to use <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software, in order to
avoid a sense of cognitive
dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
can be done about this?</p>
<p>
@@ -185,14 +196,15 @@
That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
<p>
The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
- machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ machines. We have no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> systems or applications on
them now,
and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
to do it using free software.</p>
<p>
The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
- non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software: they
actually contain some. Quite a few device
drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
@@ -208,11 +220,11 @@
The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
- “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
- use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ use the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
“official” version of Linux. That may
well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
- without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ without the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware. The “free
Linux” project
will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
@@ -222,7 +234,7 @@
that the job is not necessary.</p>
<p>
Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
- software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ software, yet its current version is partially <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> How did
this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
who thinks that “technically better” is more important
@@ -231,19 +243,23 @@
Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
<p id="update">
<strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
- McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -261,16 +277,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2019</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2017,
2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -280,11 +296,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/30 11:18:36 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:06 -0000 1.3
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.nl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,27 +11,32 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.77
--></em></ins></span>
-<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
-- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</em></ins></span>
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and <span class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</h2>
<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+ by <strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</h2>
-<!--
- <p>
- <cite>Richard Stallman's response to Joe Barr's account of the
FSF's
- dealings with the Austin “Linux” users
group.</cite></p>
- -->
+<address class="byline">by Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
- Since <a href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe Barr's
+ Since <a
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe
Barr's
article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
reasons.</p>
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@
There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
- use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ use of a <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program, and
challenge anyone who complains to
provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
“politicized” by consideration of their social
@@ -128,11 +133,11 @@
Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
(formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
- (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ (see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>)</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.eff.org/">www.eff.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
which
proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
- protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program
that is “better” (technically) than available free
programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
@@ -140,17 +145,18 @@
Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
- freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> and
free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
- influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
- ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ influential—and that message says, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Nonfree</em></ins></span> software is
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>ok;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>OK;</em></ins></span> I use it and develop
it myself.” If they recognize our
role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
is, “This system exists because of people who care about
freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
it.”
- See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></em></ins></span>
+ See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU
Project</a></em></ins></span>
for the history.</p>
<p>
When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@
Project campaign for freedom.</p>
<p>
Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
- the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> version control system that
Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
like to address that issue as well.</p>
<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
@@ -176,10 +182,10 @@
<p>
The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
- patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program.
There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
- to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ to use <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software, in order to
avoid a sense of cognitive
dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
can be done about this?</p>
<p>
@@ -190,14 +196,15 @@
That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
<p>
The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
- machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ machines. We have no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> systems or applications on
them now,
and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
to do it using free software.</p>
<p>
The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
- non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software: they
actually contain some. Quite a few device
drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
@@ -213,11 +220,11 @@
The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
- “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
- use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ use the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
“official” version of Linux. That may
well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
- without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ without the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware. The “free
Linux” project
will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
@@ -227,7 +234,7 @@
that the job is not necessary.</p>
<p>
Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
- software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ software, yet its current version is partially <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> How did
this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
who thinks that “technically better” is more important
@@ -236,35 +243,30 @@
Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-<p>
- <strong><a name="update">Update:</a></strong> Since
2005, BitKeeper
+<p id="update">
+ <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
- McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
- a <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
+ a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
-Please</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="unprintable">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
-<p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
-Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other
-corrections or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
sent</em></ins></span> to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.
-</p>
-
-<p></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -275,39 +277,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+ README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this <span
class="removed"><del><strong>article.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 2002 Richard M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
-<br />
-This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
-
-<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
-</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2017,
2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Updated:</strong></del></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p
class="unprintable">Updated:</em></ins></span>
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:06 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html 24 Nov 2017 09:58:53 -0000 1.1
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.pl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,27 +11,32 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.84</em></ins></span> -->
-<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</em></ins></span>
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and <span class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</h2>
<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+ by <strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</h2>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><!--
- <p>
- <cite>Richard Stallman's response to Joe Barr's account of the
FSF's
- dealings with the Austin “Linux” users
group.</cite></p>
- --></strong></del></span>
+<address class="byline">by Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
- Since <a href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe Barr's
+ Since <a
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe
Barr's
article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
reasons.</p>
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@
There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
- use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ use of a <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program, and
challenge anyone who complains to
provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
“politicized” by consideration of their social
@@ -128,11 +133,11 @@
Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
(formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
- (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ (see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>)</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.eff.org/">www.eff.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
which
proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
- protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program
that is “better” (technically) than available free
programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
@@ -140,17 +145,18 @@
Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
- freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> and
free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
- influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
- ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ influential—and that message says, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Nonfree</em></ins></span> software is
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>ok;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>OK;</em></ins></span> I use it and develop
it myself.” If they recognize our
role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
is, “This system exists because of people who care about
freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
it.”
- See <a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU
Project</a></em></ins></span>
for the history.</p>
<p>
When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@
Project campaign for freedom.</p>
<p>
Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
- the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> version control system that
Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
like to address that issue as well.</p>
<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
@@ -176,10 +182,10 @@
<p>
The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
- patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program.
There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
- to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ to use <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software, in order to
avoid a sense of cognitive
dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
can be done about this?</p>
<p>
@@ -190,14 +196,15 @@
That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
<p>
The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
- machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ machines. We have no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> systems or applications on
them now,
and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
to do it using free software.</p>
<p>
The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
- non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software: they
actually contain some. Quite a few device
drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
@@ -213,11 +220,11 @@
The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
- “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
- use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ use the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
“official” version of Linux. That may
well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
- without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ without the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware. The “free
Linux” project
will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
@@ -227,7 +234,7 @@
that the job is not necessary.</p>
<p>
Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
- software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ software, yet its current version is partially <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> How did
this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
who thinks that “technically better” is more important
@@ -236,22 +243,23 @@
Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
- <strong><a
name="update">Update:</a></strong></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p id="update">
- <strong>Update:</strong></em></ins></span> Since 2005, BitKeeper
+<p id="update">
+ <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
- McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
- a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"></em></ins></span>
free version of
+ a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -269,31 +277,31 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2017</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2017,
2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/11/24 09:58:53 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html 31 May 2021 09:06:21 -0000 1.4
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,22 +11,32 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.90</em></ins></span> -->
-<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</em></ins></span>
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and <span class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</h2>
<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+ by <strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</h2>
+<address class="byline">by Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
- Since <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</strong></del></span>
- <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</em></ins></span>
Barr's
+ Since <a
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe
Barr's
article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
reasons.</p>
@@ -106,7 +116,7 @@
There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
- use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ use of a <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program, and
challenge anyone who complains to
provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
“politicized” by consideration of their social
@@ -123,11 +133,11 @@
Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
(formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
- (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ (see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>)</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.eff.org/">www.eff.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
which
proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
- protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program
that is “better” (technically) than available free
programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
@@ -135,17 +145,18 @@
Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
- freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> and
free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
- influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
- ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ influential—and that message says, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Nonfree</em></ins></span> software is
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>ok;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>OK;</em></ins></span> I use it and develop
it myself.” If they recognize our
role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
is, “This system exists because of people who care about
freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
it.”
- See <a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU
Project</a></em></ins></span>
for the history.</p>
<p>
When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
@@ -162,7 +173,7 @@
Project campaign for freedom.</p>
<p>
Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
- the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> version control system that
Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
like to address that issue as well.</p>
<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
@@ -171,10 +182,10 @@
<p>
The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
- patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program.
There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
- to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ to use <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software, in order to
avoid a sense of cognitive
dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
can be done about this?</p>
<p>
@@ -185,14 +196,15 @@
That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
<p>
The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
- machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ machines. We have no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> systems or applications on
them now,
and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
to do it using free software.</p>
<p>
The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
- non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software: they
actually contain some. Quite a few device
drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
@@ -208,11 +220,11 @@
The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
- “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
- use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ use the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
“official” version of Linux. That may
well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
- without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ without the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware. The “free
Linux” project
will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
@@ -222,7 +234,7 @@
that the job is not necessary.</p>
<p>
Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
- software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ software, yet its current version is partially <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> How did
this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
who thinks that “technically better” is more important
@@ -231,19 +243,23 @@
Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
<p id="update">
<strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
- McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -261,16 +277,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2019</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2017,
2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -280,11 +296,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:21 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html 6 May 2021 17:59:00
-0000 1.35
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.nl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24
-0000 1.36
@@ -11,20 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.90</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Open Source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>misses</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Misses</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>point</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Point</em></ins></span> of Free Software</h2>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<div class="article">
-<blockquote class="comment"><p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
class="comment"><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="important"><p></em></ins></span>
The terms “free software” and “open
source” stand for almost the same range of programs. However,
they say deeply different things about those programs, based on
@@ -33,7 +39,8 @@
By contrast, the open source idea values mainly practical advantage
and does not campaign for principles. This is why we do not agree
with open source, and do not use that term.
-</p></blockquote></em></ins></span>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong></p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></p></div></em></ins></span>
<p>When we call software “free,” we mean that it respects
the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">users' essential
freedoms</a>:
@@ -86,27 +93,22 @@
with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as
making or having powerful, reliable software. Most of the supporters
of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>association.</p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>association. Most discussion of “open
source” pays no
+association. Most discussion of “open source” pays no
attention to right and wrong, only to popularity and success; here's
-a <a
href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html">
+a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html"></em></ins></span>
typical example</a>. A minority of supporters of open source do
nowadays say freedom is part of the issue, but they are not very visible
-among the many that don't.</p></em></ins></span>
+among the many that don't.</p>
-<p>The two <span
class="removed"><del><strong>terms</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>now</em></ins></span>
+<p>The two now
describe almost the same category of software, but they stand for
-views based on fundamentally different values. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Open source is a
-development methodology; free software is a social
movement.</strong></del></span> For the
+views based on fundamentally different values. For the
free software movement, free software is an ethical imperative,
essential respect for the users' freedom. By contrast,
the philosophy of open source considers issues in terms of how to make
software “better”—in a practical sense only. It
says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the practical
-problem at <span class="removed"><del><strong>hand. Most discussion of
“open source” pays no
-attention to right and wrong, only to popularity and success; here's
-a <a
href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html">
-typical example</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hand.</p></em></ins></span>
+problem at hand.</p>
<p>For the free software movement, however, nonfree software is a
social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and move to free
@@ -123,10 +125,10 @@
<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source
camp as an enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But we
want people to know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being
-mislabeled as open source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>supporters.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>supporters. What we advocate is not
+mislabeled as open source supporters. What we advocate is not
“open source,” and what we oppose is not “closed
source”. To make this clear, we avoid using those terms.
-</p></em></ins></span>
+</p>
<h3>Practical Differences between Free Software and Open
Source</h3>
@@ -139,36 +141,34 @@
because its license does not allow making a modified version and using
it privately. Fortunately, few programs use such licenses.</p>
-<p>Second, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>when a program's source code
carries a weak license, one
+<p>Second, when a program's source code carries a weak license, one
without copyleft, its executables can carry additional nonfree
conditions. <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/License/">Microsoft
does this with Visual Studio Code,</a> for example.</p>
<p>If these executables fully correspond to the released sources, they
qualify as open source but not as free software. However, in that
-case users can compile the source code to make</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>more</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distribute free
+case users can compile the source code to make and distribute free
executables.</p>
-<p>Finally, and most</em></ins></span> important in practice, many
products containing
+<p>Finally, and most important in practice, many products containing
computers check signatures on their executable programs to block users
from installing different executables; only one privileged company can
make executables that can run in the device or can access its full
capabilities. We call these devices “tyrants”, and the
practice is called “tivoization” after the product (Tivo)
where we first saw it. Even if the executable is made from free
-source code, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>and nominally carries a free
license,</em></ins></span> the users cannot
-run modified versions of it, so the executable is <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>de-facto</em></ins></span> nonfree.</p>
+source code, and nominally carries a free license, the users cannot
+run modified versions of it, so the executable is de-facto nonfree.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Many Android products contain nonfree
tivoized executables of
+<p>Many Android products contain nonfree tivoized executables of
Linux, even though its source code is under GNU GPL version 2. We
-designed GNU GPL version 3 to prohibit this
practice.</p></em></ins></span>
+designed GNU GPL version 3 to prohibit this practice.</p>
-<p>The criteria for open source <span class="removed"><del><strong>do
not recognize this issue; they</strong></del></span> are concerned solely with
the
-licensing of the source code. Thus, these
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>unmodifiable</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> executables, when
+<p>The criteria for open source are concerned solely with the
+licensing of the source code. Thus, these nonfree executables, when
made from source code such as Linux that is open source and free, are
-open source but not <span class="removed"><del><strong>free. Many
-Android products contain nonfree tivoized executables of
Linux.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>free.</p></em></ins></span>
+open source but not free.</p>
<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and
“Open Source”</h3>
@@ -221,8 +221,9 @@
agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that
code.”</p>
-<p>The <i>New York
-Times</i> <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html">
+<p>The <span
class="removed"><del><strong><i>New</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>New</em></ins></span> York
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Times</i></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Times</cite></em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html"></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html"></em></ins></span>
ran an article that stretched the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@
<p>The term has even been stretched to include designs for equipment
that
-are <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published
+are <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published</em></ins></span>
without a patent</a>. Patent-free equipment designs can be laudable
contributions to society, but the term “source code” does
not pertain to them.</p>
@@ -263,10 +264,10 @@
people to participate. They stretch the term so far that it only
means “participatory” or “transparent”, or
less than that. At worst, it
-has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html">
+has <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html"></em></ins></span>
become a vacuous buzzword</a>.</p>
-<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Conclusions…but</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Conclusions—but</em></ins></span> Not
Always</h3>
+<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions—but Not
Always</h3>
<p>Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some
organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy,
@@ -326,7 +327,8 @@
individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict
them. This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions
Management (DRM) (see <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://defectivebydesign.org">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
and is
the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims
to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to
trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible,
@@ -449,12 +451,12 @@
free software and it gives you freedom!”—more and louder
than ever. Every time you say “free software” rather than
“open source,” you help our cause.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Notes</h4></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Note</h4></strong></del></span>
-<h4>Note</h4></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="footnote">Note</h3></em></ins></span>
<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
<p>
@@ -464,18 +466,18 @@
-->
<p>
Lakhani and Wolf's <a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf"></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf"></em></ins></span>
paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -493,18 +495,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2019, 2020, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2012,
2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2012-2016, 2019-2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -514,11 +516,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/06 17:59:00 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html 6 Oct 2020 08:42:15
-0000 1.10
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.pl-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:24
-0000 1.11
@@ -11,20 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.90</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Open Source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>misses</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Misses</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>point</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Point</em></ins></span> of Free Software</h2>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<div class="article">
-<blockquote class="comment"><p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
class="comment"><p></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="important"><p></em></ins></span>
The terms “free software” and “open
source” stand for almost the same range of programs. However,
they say deeply different things about those programs, based on
@@ -33,7 +39,8 @@
By contrast, the open source idea values mainly practical advantage
and does not campaign for principles. This is why we do not agree
with open source, and do not use that term.
-</p></blockquote></em></ins></span>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong></p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></p></div></em></ins></span>
<p>When we call software “free,” we mean that it respects
the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">users' essential
freedoms</a>:
@@ -86,27 +93,22 @@
with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as
making or having powerful, reliable software. Most of the supporters
of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>association.</p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>association. Most discussion of “open
source” pays no
+association. Most discussion of “open source” pays no
attention to right and wrong, only to popularity and success; here's
-a <a
href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html">
+a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html"></em></ins></span>
typical example</a>. A minority of supporters of open source do
nowadays say freedom is part of the issue, but they are not very visible
-among the many that don't.</p></em></ins></span>
+among the many that don't.</p>
-<p>The two <span
class="removed"><del><strong>terms</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>now</em></ins></span>
+<p>The two now
describe almost the same category of software, but they stand for
-views based on fundamentally different values. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Open source is a
-development methodology; free software is a social
movement.</strong></del></span> For the
+views based on fundamentally different values. For the
free software movement, free software is an ethical imperative,
essential respect for the users' freedom. By contrast,
the philosophy of open source considers issues in terms of how to make
software “better”—in a practical sense only. It
says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the practical
-problem at <span class="removed"><del><strong>hand. Most discussion of
“open source” pays no
-attention to right and wrong, only to popularity and success; here's
-a <a
href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html">
-typical example</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hand.</p></em></ins></span>
+problem at hand.</p>
<p>For the free software movement, however, nonfree software is a
social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and move to free
@@ -123,10 +125,10 @@
<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source
camp as an enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But we
want people to know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being
-mislabeled as open source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>supporters.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>supporters. What we advocate is not
+mislabeled as open source supporters. What we advocate is not
“open source,” and what we oppose is not “closed
source”. To make this clear, we avoid using those terms.
-</p></em></ins></span>
+</p>
<h3>Practical Differences between Free Software and Open
Source</h3>
@@ -139,36 +141,34 @@
because its license does not allow making a modified version and using
it privately. Fortunately, few programs use such licenses.</p>
-<p>Second, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>when a program's source code
carries a weak license, one
+<p>Second, when a program's source code carries a weak license, one
without copyleft, its executables can carry additional nonfree
conditions. <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/License/">Microsoft
-does this with Visual Studio,</a> for example.</p>
+does this with Visual Studio Code,</a> for example.</p>
<p>If these executables fully correspond to the released sources, they
qualify as open source but not as free software. However, in that
-case users can compile the source code to make</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>more</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distribute free
+case users can compile the source code to make and distribute free
executables.</p>
-<p>Finally, and most</em></ins></span> important in practice, many
products containing
+<p>Finally, and most important in practice, many products containing
computers check signatures on their executable programs to block users
from installing different executables; only one privileged company can
make executables that can run in the device or can access its full
capabilities. We call these devices “tyrants”, and the
practice is called “tivoization” after the product (Tivo)
where we first saw it. Even if the executable is made from free
-source code, <span class="inserted"><ins><em>and nominally carries a free
license,</em></ins></span> the users cannot
-run modified versions of it, so the executable is <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>de-facto</em></ins></span> nonfree.</p>
+source code, and nominally carries a free license, the users cannot
+run modified versions of it, so the executable is de-facto nonfree.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Many Android products contain nonfree
tivoized executables of
+<p>Many Android products contain nonfree tivoized executables of
Linux, even though its source code is under GNU GPL version 2. We
-designed GNU GPL version 3 to prohibit this
practice.</p></em></ins></span>
+designed GNU GPL version 3 to prohibit this practice.</p>
-<p>The criteria for open source <span class="removed"><del><strong>do
not recognize this issue; they</strong></del></span> are concerned solely with
the
-licensing of the source code. Thus, these
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>unmodifiable</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> executables, when
+<p>The criteria for open source are concerned solely with the
+licensing of the source code. Thus, these nonfree executables, when
made from source code such as Linux that is open source and free, are
-open source but not <span class="removed"><del><strong>free. Many
-Android products contain nonfree tivoized executables of
Linux.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>free.</p></em></ins></span>
+open source but not free.</p>
<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and
“Open Source”</h3>
@@ -221,8 +221,9 @@
agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that
code.”</p>
-<p>The <i>New York
-Times</i> <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html">
+<p>The <span
class="removed"><del><strong><i>New</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>New</em></ins></span> York
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Times</i></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Times</cite></em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html"></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html"></em></ins></span>
ran an article that stretched the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@
<p>The term has even been stretched to include designs for equipment
that
-are <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published
+are <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution">published</em></ins></span>
without a patent</a>. Patent-free equipment designs can be laudable
contributions to society, but the term “source code” does
not pertain to them.</p>
@@ -263,10 +264,10 @@
people to participate. They stretch the term so far that it only
means “participatory” or “transparent”, or
less than that. At worst, it
-has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html">
+has <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html"></em></ins></span>
become a vacuous buzzword</a>.</p>
-<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Conclusions…but</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Conclusions—but</em></ins></span> Not
Always</h3>
+<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions—but Not
Always</h3>
<p>Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some
organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy,
@@ -326,7 +327,8 @@
individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict
them. This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions
Management (DRM) (see <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://defectivebydesign.org">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
and is
the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims
to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to
trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible,
@@ -449,12 +451,12 @@
free software and it gives you freedom!”—more and louder
than ever. Every time you say “free software” rather than
“open source,” you help our cause.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Notes</h4></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Note</h4></strong></del></span>
-<h4>Note</h4></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="footnote">Note</h3></em></ins></span>
<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
<p>
@@ -464,18 +466,18 @@
-->
<p>
Lakhani and Wolf's <a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf"></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf"></em></ins></span>
paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
issue.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -493,18 +495,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2019, 2020</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2012,
2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2012-2016, 2019-2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -514,11 +516,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 08:42:15 $
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html
diff -N po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/free-open-overlap.de-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
+Programs
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
Programs</h2>
+
+<p>Here's how <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free software and open
source</a> relate as categories of
+programs:</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div style="max-width:max-content;
padding:1em 1.5em; background:#f3f3f3"></em></ins></span>
+<pre>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><code></strong></del></span>
+ /----------------------------------------------\
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ | |
+ | Source license is GNU *GPL, Apache, |
+ | original BSD, modified BSD, |
+free | X11, expat, Python, MPL, etc., |
+ | and executable is not tivoized | open source
+ | |
+ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | | /
+ \---------------------------------------------- /
+ | tivoized (tyrant) devices | O | /
+ ----------------------------------------------/
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></code></strong></del></span>
+</pre>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Among all programs that are open source, only a minuscule fraction
+are not free. If the bottom row were drawn to scale, its text would
+have to be in a tiny font, perhaps too small to read.</p>
+
+<p>Tivoized or <a
href="/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html">“tyrant”
devices</a> contain nonfree
+executables made from source code that is free. As of 2013, many
+Android devices are tyrants, but some are not.</p>
+
+<!-- don't link here to the list of nonfree licenses.
+That gives the wrong idea, since most of those are not open source either.
-->
+
+<p>“O” stands for “other” and refers to
+programs whose source is under licenses which are open source but not
+free. Several such licenses were written around 2000, and they were
+used to release some programs. It has been a long time since we heard
+of software released under those licenses. We don't know whether they
+are still used.</p>
+
+<p>Most nonfree licenses are not open source either.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html
diff -N po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/free-open-overlap.it-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
+Programs
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
Programs</h2>
+
+<p>Here's how <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free software and open
source</a> relate as categories of
+programs:</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div style="max-width:max-content;
padding:1em 1.5em; background:#f3f3f3"></em></ins></span>
+<pre>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><code></strong></del></span>
+ /----------------------------------------------\
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ | |
+ | Source license is GNU *GPL, Apache, |
+ | original BSD, modified BSD, |
+free | X11, expat, Python, MPL, etc., |
+ | and executable is not tivoized | open source
+ | |
+ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | | /
+ \---------------------------------------------- /
+ | tivoized (tyrant) devices | O | /
+ ----------------------------------------------/
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></code></strong></del></span>
+</pre>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Among all programs that are open source, only a minuscule fraction
+are not free. If the bottom row were drawn to scale, its text would
+have to be in a tiny font, perhaps too small to read.</p>
+
+<p>Tivoized or <a
href="/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html">“tyrant”
devices</a> contain nonfree
+executables made from source code that is free. As of 2013, many
+Android devices are tyrants, but some are not.</p>
+
+<!-- don't link here to the list of nonfree licenses.
+That gives the wrong idea, since most of those are not open source either.
-->
+
+<p>“O” stands for “other” and refers to
+programs whose source is under licenses which are open source but not
+free. Several such licenses were written around 2000, and they were
+used to release some programs. It has been a long time since we heard
+of software released under those licenses. We don't know whether they
+are still used.</p>
+
+<p>Most nonfree licenses are not open source either.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html
diff -N po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/free-open-overlap.ja-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
+Programs
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
Programs</h2>
+
+<p>Here's how <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free software and open
source</a> relate as categories of
+programs:</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div style="max-width:max-content;
padding:1em 1.5em; background:#f3f3f3"></em></ins></span>
+<pre>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><code></strong></del></span>
+ /----------------------------------------------\
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ | |
+ | Source license is GNU *GPL, Apache, |
+ | original BSD, modified BSD, |
+free | X11, expat, Python, MPL, etc., |
+ | and executable is not tivoized | open source
+ | |
+ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | | /
+ \---------------------------------------------- /
+ | tivoized (tyrant) devices | O | /
+ ----------------------------------------------/
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></code></strong></del></span>
+</pre>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Among all programs that are open source, only a minuscule fraction
+are not free. If the bottom row were drawn to scale, its text would
+have to be in a tiny font, perhaps too small to read.</p>
+
+<p>Tivoized or <a
href="/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html">“tyrant”
devices</a> contain nonfree
+executables made from source code that is free. As of 2013, many
+Android devices are tyrants, but some are not.</p>
+
+<!-- don't link here to the list of nonfree licenses.
+That gives the wrong idea, since most of those are not open source either.
-->
+
+<p>“O” stands for “other” and refers to
+programs whose source is under licenses which are open source but not
+free. Several such licenses were written around 2000, and they were
+used to release some programs. It has been a long time since we heard
+of software released under those licenses. We don't know whether they
+are still used.</p>
+
+<p>Most nonfree licenses are not open source either.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html
diff -N po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/free-open-overlap.uk-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
+Programs
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-open-overlap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of
Programs</h2>
+
+<p>Here's how <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">free software and open
source</a> relate as categories of
+programs:</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div style="max-width:max-content;
padding:1em 1.5em; background:#f3f3f3"></em></ins></span>
+<pre>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><code></strong></del></span>
+ /----------------------------------------------\
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ / | | \
+ | |
+ | Source license is GNU *GPL, Apache, |
+ | original BSD, modified BSD, |
+free | X11, expat, Python, MPL, etc., |
+ | and executable is not tivoized | open source
+ | |
+ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | |
+ \ | | /
+ \---------------------------------------------- /
+ | tivoized (tyrant) devices | O | /
+ ----------------------------------------------/
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></code></strong></del></span>
+</pre>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Among all programs that are open source, only a minuscule fraction
+are not free. If the bottom row were drawn to scale, its text would
+have to be in a tiny font, perhaps too small to read.</p>
+
+<p>Tivoized or <a
href="/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html">“tyrant”
devices</a> contain nonfree
+executables made from source code that is free. As of 2013, many
+Android devices are tyrants, but some are not.</p>
+
+<!-- don't link here to the list of nonfree licenses.
+That gives the wrong idea, since most of those are not open source either.
-->
+
+<p>“O” stands for “other” and refers to
+programs whose source is under licenses which are open source but not
+free. Several such licenses were written around 2000, and they were
+used to release some programs. It has been a long time since we heard
+of software released under those licenses. We don't know whether they
+are still used.</p>
+
+<p>Most nonfree licenses are not open source either.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html
diff -N po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.cs-diff.html 9 Sep 2021 09:02:23 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</em></ins></span>
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and <span class="removed"><del><strong>freedom</h2>
+
+<p>
+ by <strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Freedom</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
+<p>
+ Since <a
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe
Barr's
+ article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
+ set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
+ reasons.</p>
+<p>
+ When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, it was a “Linux User
+ Group”; that is, a group for users of the GNU/Linux system
+ which calls the whole system “Linux”. So I replied
+ politely that if they'd like someone from the GNU Project to give a
+ speech for them, they ought to treat the GNU Project right, and call
+ the system “GNU/Linux”. The system is a variant of GNU,
+ and the GNU Project is its principal developer, so social convention
+ says to call it by the name we chose. Unless there are powerful
+ reasons for an exception, I usually decline to give speeches for
+ organizations that won't give GNU proper credit in this way. I
+ respect their freedom of speech, but I also have the freedom not to
+ give a speech.</p>
+<p>
+ Subsequently, Jeff Strunk of SIGLINUX tried to change the group's
+ policy, and asked the FSF to list his group in our page of GNU/Linux
+ user groups. Our webmaster told him that we would not list it under
+ the name “SIGLINUX” because that name implies that the
+ group is about Linux. Strunk proposed to change the name to
+ “SIGFREE”, and our webmaster agreed that would be fine.
+ (Barr's article said we rejected this proposal.) However, the group
+ ultimately decided to stay with “SIGLINUX”.</p>
+<p>
+ At that point, the matter came to my attention again, and I
+ suggested they consider other possible names. There are many names
+ they could choose that would not call the system
+ “Linux”, and I hope they will come up with one they
+ like. There the matter rests as far as I know.</p>
+<p>
+ Is it true, as Barr writes, that some people see these actions as an
+ “application of force” comparable with Microsoft's
+ monopoly power? Probably so. Declining an invitation is not
+ coercion, but people who are determined to believe that the entire
+ system is “Linux” sometimes develop amazingly distorted
+ vision. To make that name appear justified, they must see molehills
+ as mountains and mountains as molehills. If you can ignore the
+ facts and believe that Linus Torvalds developed the whole system
+ starting in 1991, or if you can ignore your ordinary principles of
+ fairness and believe that Torvalds should get the sole credit even
+ though he didn't do that, it's a small step to believe that I owe
+ you a speech when you ask.</p>
+<p>
+ Just consider: the GNU Project starts developing an operating
+ system, and years later Linus Torvalds adds one important piece.
+ The GNU Project says, “Please give our project equal
+ mention,” but Linus says, “Don't give them a share of
+ the credit; call the whole thing after my name alone!” Now
+ envision the mindset of a person who can look at these events and
+ accuse the GNU Project of egotism. It takes strong prejudice to
+ misjudge so drastically.</p>
+<p>
+ A person who is that prejudiced can say all sorts of unfair things
+ about the GNU Project and think them justified; his fellows will
+ support him, because they want each other's support in maintaining
+ their prejudice. Dissenters can be reviled; thus, if I decline to
+ participate in an activity under the rubric of “Linux”,
+ they may find that inexcusable, and hold me responsible for the ill
+ will they feel afterwards. When so many people want me to call the
+ system “Linux”, how can I, who merely launched its
+ development, not comply? And forcibly denying them a speech is
+ forcibly making them unhappy. That's coercion, as bad as
+ Microsoft!</p>
+<p>
+ Now, you might wonder why I don't just duck the issue and avoid all
+ this grief. When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, I could simply have
+ said “No, sorry” and the matter would have ended there.
+ Why didn't I do that? I'm willing to take the risk of being abused
+ personally in order to have a chance of correcting the error that
+ undercuts the GNU Project's efforts.</p>
+<p>
+ Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays
+ into the hands of people who choose their software based only on
+ technical advantage, not caring whether it respects their freedom.
+ There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
+ from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
+ There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
+ use of a <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program, and
challenge anyone who complains to
+ provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
+ There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
+ “politicized” by consideration of their social
+ consequences.</p>
+<p>
+ In the 70s, computer users lost the freedoms to redistribute and
+ change software because they didn't value their freedom. Computer
+ users regained these freedoms in the 80s and 90s because a group of
+ idealists, the GNU Project, believed that freedom is what makes a
+ program better, and were willing to work for what we believed in.</p>
+<p>
+ We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is
+ threatened by the <abbr title="Consumer Broadband and Digital
+ Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
+ (formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
+ by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
+ (see <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>)</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.eff.org/">www.eff.org</a>)</em></ins></span>
which
+ proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
+ by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
+ software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program
+ that is “better” (technically) than available free
+ programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
+ first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
+<p>
+ Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
+ how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
+ Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> and
+ free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
+ Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
+ just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
+ influential—and that message says, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Nonfree</em></ins></span> software is
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>ok;</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>OK;</em></ins></span> I use it and develop
it myself.” If they recognize our
+ role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
+ is, “This system exists because of people who care about
+ freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
+ it.”
+ See <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU
Project</a></em></ins></span>
+ for the history.</p>
+<p>
+ When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
+ with <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> silly excuses and straw
men</a>.
+ But we probably haven't lost
+ anything, because they were probably unfriendly to begin with.
+ Meanwhile, other people recognize the reasons I give, and use that
+ name. By doing so, they help make other people aware of why the
+ GNU/Linux system really exists, and that increases our ability to
+ spread the idea that freedom is an important value.</p>
+<p>
+ This is why I keep butting my head against bias, calumny, and grief.
+ They hurt my feelings, but when successful, this effort helps the GNU
+ Project campaign for freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
+ the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> version control system that
Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ like to address that issue as well.</p>
+
+<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
+<p>
+ (See the <a href="#update">update</a> below.)</p>
+<p>
+ The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
+ free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> program.
+ There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
+ this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
+ to use <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software, in order to
avoid a sense of cognitive
+ dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
+ can be done about this?</p>
+<p>
+ One solution is to set up another repository for the Linux sources,
+ using CVS or another free version control system, and arranging to
+ load new versions into it automatically. This could use Bitkeeper to
+ access the latest revisions, then install the new revisions into CVS.
+ That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
+<p>
+ The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
+ machines. We have no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> systems or applications on
them now,
+ and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
+ repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
+ have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
+ to do it using free software.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
+ <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> software: they
actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
+ be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
+ few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
+ substantial program in binary is another.</p>
+<p>
+ The presence of these binary-only programs in “source”
+ files of Linux creates a secondary problem: it calls into question
+ whether Linux binaries can legally be redistributed at all. The GPL
+ requires “complete corresponding source code,” and a
+ sequence of integers is not the source code. By the same token,
+ adding such a binary to the Linux sources violates the GPL.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
+ into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
+ completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
+ firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
+ use the <span class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span>
“official” version of Linux. That may
+ well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
+ without the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware. The “free
Linux” project
+ will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
+ for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
+ processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
+ daunting if we had done it little by little over the years, rather
+ than letting it mount up. In recruiting people to do this job, we
+ will have to overcome the idea, spread by some Linux developers,
+ that the job is not necessary.</p>
+<p>
+ Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
+ software, yet its current version is partially <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree.</em></ins></span> How did
+ this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
+ reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
+ who thinks that “technically better” is more important
+ than freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
+ “Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
+ want to learn.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p id="update">
+ <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
+ is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
+ article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain <span
class="removed"><del><strong>non-free</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree</em></ins></span> firmware blobs,
+ but as of January 2008,
+ a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
+ Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
+ distributions.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
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+Please see the <a
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class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2017,
2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/09/09 09:02:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
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