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www/philosophy freedom-or-power.ar.html freedom...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy freedom-or-power.ar.html freedom... |
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Date: |
Fri, 30 Jul 2021 00:01:30 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/07/30 00:01:29
Modified files:
philosophy : freedom-or-power.ar.html
freedom-or-power.de.html
freedom-or-power.it.html
freedom-or-power.nl.html
freedom-or-power.pl.html
javascript-trap.nl.html
philosophy/po : freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html
freedom-or-power.de-diff.html
freedom-or-power.it-diff.html
freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html
freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html
javascript-trap.nl-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/javascript-trap.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
Patches:
Index: freedom-or-power.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- freedom-or-power.ar.html 30 May 2021 17:01:45 -0000 1.20
+++ freedom-or-power.ar.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.21
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ar.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ar.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -13,6 +18,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>اÙØرÙØ© Ø£Ù
اÙسÙطةØ</h2>
<p>
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 17:01:45 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: freedom-or-power.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- freedom-or-power.de.html 30 Apr 2021 17:04:25 -0000 1.53
+++ freedom-or-power.de.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.54
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -10,6 +15,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Freiheit oder Macht?</h2>
<p>
@@ -203,7 +209,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 17:04:25 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: freedom-or-power.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- freedom-or-power.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:16 -0000 1.27
+++ freedom-or-power.it.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -16,6 +21,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Libertà o potere?</h2>
<p>
@@ -193,7 +199,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:16 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: freedom-or-power.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- freedom-or-power.nl.html 7 Feb 2021 17:30:36 -0000 1.18
+++ freedom-or-power.nl.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.19
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Vrijheid of Macht?</h2>
<p>
@@ -187,7 +193,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/02/07 17:30:36 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: freedom-or-power.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- freedom-or-power.pl.html 20 Apr 2021 12:03:22 -0000 1.41
+++ freedom-or-power.pl.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.42
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -15,6 +20,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>WolnoÅÄ czy wÅadza?</h2>
<p>
@@ -202,7 +208,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2021/04/20 12:03:22 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: javascript-trap.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/javascript-trap.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- javascript-trap.nl.html 18 May 2021 11:30:02 -0000 1.9
+++ javascript-trap.nl.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.10
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/javascript-trap.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/javascript-trap.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>De JavaScript-valstrik</h2>
<p>door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
@@ -314,7 +320,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2021/05/18 11:30:02 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.8
+++ po/freedom-or-power.ar-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.9
@@ -11,25 +11,40 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
+.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+--></style></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
-M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by <strong>Bradley</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by
Bradley</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Kuhn</strong></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Kuhn</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<blockquote class="epigraph"></em></ins></span>
<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
-love of ourselves.<br />
--- William Hazlitt</p>
+love of <span class="removed"><del><strong>ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ourselves.
—<i>William Hazlitt</i></p></em></ins></span>
</blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
@@ -87,9 +102,10 @@
Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
-businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
-software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
-does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+businesses. But <span class="removed"><del><strong>the entire developed
world</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>most of
humanity</em></ins></span> now <span
class="removed"><del><strong>needs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>uses computers (specifically,
smartphones)</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thus</em></ins></span> uses
+software, so software developers now control the way <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it lives,
+does</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>they live,
+do</em></ins></span> business, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>communicates,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>communicate,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are</em></ins></span> entertained. The ethical and
political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
choice (for developers only).”</p>
@@ -106,7 +122,8 @@
not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
General Public License</a> is for:
it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a>
who would
like to take control of your decisions.</p>
@@ -117,23 +134,35 @@
we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Footnotes</h4>
-<a id="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
-<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
-Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
-<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York,
NY:
-Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+<a id="f1"></a> William</strong></del></span>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">William</em></ins></span> J. Mitchell,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>City</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>City</em></ins></span> of Bits:
Space, Place, and the <span class="removed"><del><strong>Infobahn
</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Infobahn</cite></em></ins></span> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>Code</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Code</em></ins></span> and Other
Laws of Cyberspace, Version <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2.0</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2.0</cite></em></ins></span> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>5.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>5.</li>
+</ol>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -151,16 +180,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2020</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
@@ -169,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html 30 Apr 2021 11:18:35 -0000 1.9
+++ po/freedom-or-power.de-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.10
@@ -11,25 +11,40 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
+.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+--></style></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
-M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by <strong>Bradley</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by
Bradley</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Kuhn</strong></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Kuhn</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<blockquote class="epigraph"></em></ins></span>
<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
-love of ourselves.<br />
--- William Hazlitt</p>
+love of <span class="removed"><del><strong>ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ourselves.
—<i>William Hazlitt</i></p></em></ins></span>
</blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
@@ -87,9 +102,10 @@
Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
-businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
-software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
-does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+businesses. But <span class="removed"><del><strong>the entire developed
world</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>most of
humanity</em></ins></span> now <span
class="removed"><del><strong>needs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>uses computers (specifically,
smartphones)</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thus</em></ins></span> uses
+software, so software developers now control the way <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it lives,
+does</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>they live,
+do</em></ins></span> business, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>communicates,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>communicate,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are</em></ins></span> entertained. The ethical and
political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
choice (for developers only).”</p>
@@ -106,7 +122,8 @@
not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
General Public License</a> is for:
it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a>
who would
like to take control of your decisions.</p>
@@ -117,23 +134,35 @@
we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Footnotes</h4>
-<a id="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
-<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
-Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
-<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York,
NY:
-Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+<a id="f1"></a> William</strong></del></span>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">William</em></ins></span> J. Mitchell,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>City</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>City</em></ins></span> of Bits:
Space, Place, and the <span class="removed"><del><strong>Infobahn
</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Infobahn</cite></em></ins></span> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>Code</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Code</em></ins></span> and Other
Laws of Cyberspace, Version <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2.0</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2.0</cite></em></ins></span> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>5.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>5.</li>
+</ol>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -151,16 +180,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2020</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
@@ -169,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/30 11:18:35 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.1
+++ po/freedom-or-power.it-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,25 +11,40 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
+.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+--></style></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
-M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by <strong>Bradley</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by
Bradley</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Kuhn</strong></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Kuhn</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<blockquote class="epigraph"></em></ins></span>
<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
-love of ourselves.<br />
--- William Hazlitt</p>
+love of <span class="removed"><del><strong>ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ourselves.
—<i>William Hazlitt</i></p></em></ins></span>
</blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
@@ -87,9 +102,10 @@
Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
-businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
-software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
-does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+businesses. But <span class="removed"><del><strong>the entire developed
world</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>most of
humanity</em></ins></span> now <span
class="removed"><del><strong>needs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>uses computers (specifically,
smartphones)</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thus</em></ins></span> uses
+software, so software developers now control the way <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it lives,
+does</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>they live,
+do</em></ins></span> business, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>communicates,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>communicate,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are</em></ins></span> entertained. The ethical and
political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
choice (for developers only).”</p>
@@ -106,7 +122,8 @@
not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
General Public License</a> is for:
it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a>
who would
like to take control of your decisions.</p>
@@ -117,23 +134,35 @@
we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Footnotes</h4>
-<a id="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
-<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
-Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
-<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York,
NY:
-Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+<a id="f1"></a> William</strong></del></span>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">William</em></ins></span> J. Mitchell,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>City</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>City</em></ins></span> of Bits:
Space, Place, and the <span class="removed"><del><strong>Infobahn
</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Infobahn</cite></em></ins></span> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>Code</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Code</em></ins></span> and Other
Laws of Cyberspace, Version <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2.0</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2.0</cite></em></ins></span> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>5.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>5.</li>
+</ol>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -151,16 +180,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2020</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
@@ -169,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.8
+++ po/freedom-or-power.nl-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.9
@@ -11,25 +11,40 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
+.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+--></style></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
-M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by <strong>Bradley</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by
Bradley</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Kuhn</strong></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Kuhn</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<blockquote class="epigraph"></em></ins></span>
<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
-love of ourselves.<br />
--- William Hazlitt</p>
+love of <span class="removed"><del><strong>ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ourselves.
—<i>William Hazlitt</i></p></em></ins></span>
</blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
@@ -87,9 +102,10 @@
Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
-businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
-software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
-does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+businesses. But <span class="removed"><del><strong>the entire developed
world</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>most of
humanity</em></ins></span> now <span
class="removed"><del><strong>needs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>uses computers (specifically,
smartphones)</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thus</em></ins></span> uses
+software, so software developers now control the way <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it lives,
+does</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>they live,
+do</em></ins></span> business, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>communicates,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>communicate,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are</em></ins></span> entertained. The ethical and
political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
choice (for developers only).”</p>
@@ -106,7 +122,8 @@
not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
General Public License</a> is for:
it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a>
who would
like to take control of your decisions.</p>
@@ -117,23 +134,35 @@
we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Footnotes</h4>
-<a id="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
-<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
-Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
-<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York,
NY:
-Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+<a id="f1"></a> William</strong></del></span>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">William</em></ins></span> J. Mitchell,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>City</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>City</em></ins></span> of Bits:
Space, Place, and the <span class="removed"><del><strong>Infobahn
</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Infobahn</cite></em></ins></span> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>Code</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Code</em></ins></span> and Other
Laws of Cyberspace, Version <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2.0</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2.0</cite></em></ins></span> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>5.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>5.</li>
+</ol>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -151,16 +180,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2020</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
@@ -169,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html 25 Dec 2020 13:32:02 -0000 1.1
+++ po/freedom-or-power.pl-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,25 +11,40 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
+.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+--></style></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/freedom-or-power.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>Freedom or Power?</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Bradley M. Kuhn</strong> and <strong>Richard
-M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by <strong>Bradley</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by
Bradley</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Kuhn</strong></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Kuhn</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong><strong>Richard</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Richard</em></ins></span> M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</strong></p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</address>
+
+<blockquote class="epigraph"></em></ins></span>
<p>The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the
-love of ourselves.<br />
--- William Hazlitt</p>
+love of <span class="removed"><del><strong>ourselves.<br />
+-- William Hazlitt</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ourselves.
—<i>William Hazlitt</i></p></em></ins></span>
</blockquote>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="article"></em></ins></span>
<p>
In the free software movement, we stand for freedom for the users of
software. We formulated our views by looking at what freedoms are
@@ -87,9 +102,10 @@
Discussions of rights and rules for software have often concentrated
on the interests of programmers alone. Few people in the world
program regularly, and fewer still are owners of proprietary software
-businesses. But the entire developed world now needs and uses
-software, so software developers now control the way it lives,
-does business, communicates, and is entertained. The ethical and
+businesses. But <span class="removed"><del><strong>the entire developed
world</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>most of
humanity</em></ins></span> now <span
class="removed"><del><strong>needs</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>uses computers (specifically,
smartphones)</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thus</em></ins></span> uses
+software, so software developers now control the way <span
class="removed"><del><strong>it lives,
+does</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>they live,
+do</em></ins></span> business, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>communicates,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>communicate,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>are</em></ins></span> entertained. The ethical and
political issues are not addressed by the slogan of “freedom of
choice (for developers only).”</p>
@@ -106,7 +122,8 @@
not. The ethical response to this situation is to proclaim freedom for
each user, just as the Bill of Rights was supposed to exercise government
power by guaranteeing each citizen's freedoms. That is what the <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU General Public License</a> is for:
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">GNU</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/licenses/copyleft.html">GNU</em></ins></span>
General Public License</a> is for:
it puts you in control of your usage of the software while <a
href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">protecting you from others</a>
who would
like to take control of your decisions.</p>
@@ -117,23 +134,35 @@
we stand for, just as more and more users have come to appreciate the
practical value of the free software we have developed.</p>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Footnotes</h4>
-<a id="f1"></a> William J. Mitchell,
-<em>City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn </em> (Cambridge,
-Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
-<em>Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Version 2.0</em> (New York,
NY:
-Basic Books, 2006), p. 5.
+<a id="f1"></a> William</strong></del></span>
-<hr />
-<blockquote <span class="removed"><del><strong>id="fsfs"><p
class="big">This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="fsfs"><p>This</em></ins></span> essay is
published
-in <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">William</em></ins></span> J. Mitchell,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>City</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>City</em></ins></span> of Bits:
Space, Place, and the <span class="removed"><del><strong>Infobahn
</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Infobahn</cite></em></ins></span> (Cambridge,
+Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><em>Code</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Code</em></ins></span> and Other
Laws of Cyberspace, Version <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2.0</em></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2.0</cite></em></ins></span> (New York, NY:
+Basic Books, 2006), p. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>5.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>5.</li>
+</ol>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<hr <span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="thin"</em></ins></span> />
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
id="fsfs"><p>This</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This</em></ins></span> essay is published in
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free</em></ins></span>
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -151,16 +180,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2009</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2009, 2020</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2020</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted
without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
@@ -169,11 +198,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/25 13:32:02 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:32 -0000 1.16
+++ po/javascript-trap.nl-diff.html 30 Jul 2021 04:01:29 -0000 1.17
@@ -11,14 +11,23 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.90</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.90</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="licensing" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>The JavaScript Trap</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/javascript-trap.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The JavaScript Trap</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<p><strong>You may be running nonfree programs on your computer
every
day without realizing it—through your web
browser.</strong></p>
@@ -26,16 +35,20 @@
<!-- any links that used to point to the appendices should point to
free-your-javascript.html instead. -->
-<blockquote>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="announcement"></em></ins></span>
<p>Webmasters: there are
<a href="/software/librejs/free-your-javascript.html">several
ways</a>
to indicate the license of JavaScript programs in a web site.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></blockquote></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p>In the free software community, the idea that
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-any</em></ins></span> nonfree <span class="removed"><del><strong>programs
-mistreat their users</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>program mistreats its
users</a></em></ins></span> is familiar. Some of us
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+any nonfree program mistreats its users</a> is familiar. Some of us
defend our freedom by rejecting all proprietary software on our
computers. Many others recognize nonfreeness as a strike against the
program.</p>
@@ -53,40 +66,35 @@
consider these as mere extensions of HTML markup, rather than as true
software, and disregard the issue.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Many</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some</em></ins></span> sites still
use JavaScript that way, but <span
class="removed"><del><strong>some</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>many</em></ins></span> use it for major
-programs that do large jobs. For instance, Google Docs tries to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>download</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>install</em></ins></span> into your <span
class="removed"><del><strong>machine</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>browser</em></ins></span> a JavaScript program which
measures half a
-megabyte, in a compacted form that we could call <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Obfuscript because it has no
-comments</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Obfuscript.
This
+<p>Some sites still use JavaScript that way, but many use it for major
+programs that do large jobs. For instance, Google Docs tries to
+install into your browser a JavaScript program which measures half a
+megabyte, in a compacted form that we could call Obfuscript. This
compacted form is made from the source code, by deleting the extra
-spaces that make the code readable</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>hardly any whitespace,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>the explanatory remarks that
-make it comprehensible,</em></ins></span> and <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>replacing each meaningful name in</em></ins></span>
the <span class="removed"><del><strong>method names are one
-letter long.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>code
+spaces that make the code readable and the explanatory remarks that
+make it comprehensible, and replacing each meaningful name in the code
with an arbitrary short name so we can't tell what it is supposed to
mean.</p>
<p>Part of the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">meaning of free
software</a> is that users have access to the program's source code
-(its plan).</em></ins></span> The source code of a program <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>means</em></ins></span> the preferred form for
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>modifying it; the
compacted</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>programmers to modify—including helpful
spacing, explanatory
-remarks, and meaningful names. Compacted</em></ins></span> code is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>not</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a bogus, useless
-substitute for</em></ins></span> source <span
class="removed"><del><strong>code, and</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>code;</em></ins></span> the real source code of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this program</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>these programs</em></ins></span> is
-not available to the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>user.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>users, so users cannot understand it; therefore
-the programs are nonfree.</p></em></ins></span>
+(its plan). The source code of a program means the preferred form for
+programmers to modify—including helpful spacing, explanatory
+remarks, and meaningful names. Compacted code is a bogus, useless
+substitute for source code; the real source code of these programs is
+not available to the users, so users cannot understand it; therefore
+the programs are nonfree.</p>
<p>In addition to being nonfree, many of these programs
-are <span class="removed"><del><strong>malware</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><em>malware</em></em></ins></span> because
-they <a
href="http://github.com/w3c/fingerprinting-guidance/issues/8">snoop
-on the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>user</a>.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>user</a>. Even nastier, some sites use
services which record
+are <em>malware</em> because
+they <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://github.com/w3c/fingerprinting-guidance/issues/8">snoop</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://github.com/w3c/fingerprinting-guidance/issues/8">snoop</em></ins></span>
+on the user</a>. Even nastier, some sites use services which record
<a
href="https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2017/11/15/no-boundaries-exfiltration-of-personal-data-by-session-replay-scripts/">all
the user's actions while looking at the page</a>. The services
supposedly “redact” the recordings to exclude some
sensitive data that the web site shouldn't get. But even if that
works reliably, the whole purpose of these services is to give the web
-site other personal data that it shouldn't get.</p></em></ins></span>
+site other personal data that it shouldn't get.</p>
<p>Browsers don't normally tell you when they load JavaScript
programs. Some browsers have a way to turn off JavaScript entirely,
@@ -95,29 +103,44 @@
However, even in the free software community most users are not aware
of this issue; the browsers' silence tends to conceal it.</p>
-<p>It is possible to release a JavaScript program as free software, by
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>It</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>To be clear, the language JavaScript
is not inherently better or worse
+for users' freedom than any other language.
+It</em></ins></span> is possible to release a JavaScript program as free
software, by
distributing the source code under a free software license. If the
program is self-contained—if its functioning and purpose are
independent of the page it came in—that is fine; you can copy it
to a file on your machine, modify it, and visit that file with a
-browser to run it. But that is an unusual case.</p>
+browser to run it. <span class="removed"><del><strong>But that is an unusual
case.</p>
-<p>In the usual case, JavaScript programs are meant to work with a
+<p>In</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>It's even
possible to package it for installation
+just like other free programs and invocation with a shell command.
+These programs present no special moral issue different from those
+of C programs.</p>
+
+<p>The issue of</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>usual case,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>JavaScript trap applies when the JavaScript
+program comes along with a web page that users visit.
+Those</em></ins></span> JavaScript programs are <span
class="removed"><del><strong>meant</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>written</em></ins></span> to work with a
particular page or site, and the page or site depends on them to
-function. Then another problem arises: even if the program's source
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>function.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>function.</p>
+
+<p>Suppose you copy and modify the page's JavaScript
code.</em></ins></span>
+Then another problem arises: even if the program's source
is available, browsers do not offer a way to run your modified version
instead of the original when visiting that page or site. The effect
is comparable to tivoization, although in principle not quite so hard
to overcome.</p>
<p>JavaScript is not the only language web sites use for programs sent
-to the user. Flash supports programming through an extended variant
-of JavaScript; if we ever have a sufficiently complete free Flash
-player, we will need to deal with the issue of nonfree Flash programs.
-Silverlight seems likely to create a problem similar to Flash, except
-worse, since Microsoft uses it as a platform for nonfree codecs. A
-free replacement for Silverlight does not do the job for the free
-world unless it normally comes with free replacement codecs.</p>
+to the user. Flash <span
class="removed"><del><strong>supports</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>supported</em></ins></span> programming through an
extended variant
+of <span class="removed"><del><strong>JavaScript; if we ever
have</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>JavaScript, but that
is</em></ins></span> a <span class="removed"><del><strong>sufficiently complete
free Flash
+player, we will need to deal with the issue</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>thing</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>nonfree Flash programs.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>the past. Microsoft</em></ins></span>
Silverlight
+seems likely to create a problem similar to Flash, except worse, since
+Microsoft uses it as a platform for nonfree codecs. A free
+replacement for Silverlight does not do the job <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>adequately</em></ins></span> for the
+free world unless it normally comes with free replacement codecs.</p>
<p>Java applets also run in the browser, and raise similar issues. In
general, any sort of applet system poses this sort of problem. Having
@@ -128,24 +151,21 @@
practice this capability is limited and inconvenient; merely to make
it do something is an impressive hack. Such programs ought to be
free, but CSS is not a serious problem for users' freedom as of
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>2016.</p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>2019.</p></em></ins></span>
+2019.</p>
<p>A strong movement has developed that calls for web sites to
communicate only through formats and protocols that are free (some say
"open"); that is to say, whose documentation is published and which
-anyone is free to implement. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>With</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>However,</em></ins></span> the presence of <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>JavaScript</em></ins></span> programs
-in web
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>pages,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>pages makes</em></ins></span> that criterion <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is necessary, but not
sufficient.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>insufficient.
The</em></ins></span> JavaScript <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>language</em></ins></span>
+anyone is free to implement. However, the presence of JavaScript programs
+in web pages makes that criterion insufficient. The JavaScript language
itself, as a format, is free, and use of JavaScript in a web site is
-not necessarily bad. However, as we've seen above, it <span
class="removed"><del><strong>also isn't
-necessarily OK.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be
bad—if
-the JavaScript program is nonfree.</em></ins></span> When the site transmits
a program
+not necessarily bad. However, as we've seen above, it can be bad—if
+the JavaScript program is nonfree. When the site transmits a program
to the user, it is
not enough for the program to be written in a documented and
-unencumbered language; that program must be free, too. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Only</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Transmits only</em></ins></span> free
-programs <span class="removed"><del><strong>transmitted</strong></del></span>
to the user” must become part of the criterion
-for <span class="removed"><del><strong>proper behavior
by</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>an
ethical</em></ins></span> web <span
class="removed"><del><strong>sites.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>site.</p></em></ins></span>
+unencumbered language; that program must be free, too. “Transmits only
free
+programs to the user” must become part of the criterion
+for an ethical web site.</p>
<p>Silently loading and running nonfree programs is one among several
issues raised by "web applications". The term "web
@@ -160,7 +180,7 @@
only the issue of the client-side software. We are addressing the
server issue separately.</p>
-<p>In practical terms, how can we deal with the problem of <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nontrivial</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<p>In practical terms, how can we deal with the problem of nontrivial
nonfree
JavaScript programs in web sites? The first step is to avoid running
it.</p>
@@ -168,29 +188,25 @@
degree, so this is a matter of designing a simple criterion that gives
good results, rather than finding the one correct answer.</p>
<p>
-Our <span class="removed"><del><strong>tentative policy</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>current criterion</em></ins></span> is to
consider a JavaScript program nontrivial <span
class="removed"><del><strong>if:</p></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>if any of these conditions is
met:</p></em></ins></span>
+Our current criterion is to consider a JavaScript program nontrivial
+if any of these conditions is met:</p>
<ul>
- <li>it <span class="removed"><del><strong>makes an AJAX request
or</strong></del></span> is <span class="removed"><del><strong>loaded along
with scripts that make</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>referred to as</em></ins></span> an <span
class="removed"><del><strong>AJAX request,</li>
-
- <li>it loads</strong></del></span> external <span
class="removed"><del><strong>scripts dynamically</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>script (from another page).</li>
+ <li>it is referred to as an external script (from another
page).</li>
<li>it declares an array more than 50 elements long.</li>
- <li>it defines a named entity (function</em></ins></span> or <span
class="removed"><del><strong>is loaded along with
- scripts</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>method)</em></ins></span> that <span
class="removed"><del><strong>do,</li></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>calls anything other
- than a primitive.</li></em></ins></span>
+ <li>it defines a named entity (function or method) that calls anything
other
+ than a primitive.</li>
- <li>it defines <span class="inserted"><ins><em>a named entity with
more than three conditional
+ <li>it defines a named entity with more than three conditional
constructs and loop construction.</li>
- <li>code outside of named definitions calls anything but primitives
and</em></ins></span>
- functions <span class="removed"><del><strong>or
methods</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>defined further
up in the page.</li>
+ <li>code outside of named definitions calls anything but primitives and
+ functions defined further up in the page.</li>
<li>code outside of named definitions contains more than three
- conditional constructs</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>either loads an external script
- (from html) or is loaded as one,</li></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>loop construction, total.</li>
+ conditional constructs and loop construction, total.</li>
<li>it calls <b>eval</b>.</li>
@@ -199,19 +215,13 @@
<li>it uses bracket notation for dynamic object property access,
which looks like
<b><em>object</em>[<em>property</em>]</b>.</li>
- <li>it alters the DOM.</li></em></ins></span>
+ <li>it alters the DOM.</li>
<li>it uses dynamic JavaScript constructs that are difficult to
analyze without interpreting the program, or is loaded along with
- scripts that use such constructs. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>These constructs are:
- <ul>
- <li>using the eval function,</li>
- <li>calling methods with the square bracket notation,</li>
- <li>using</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Specifically, using</em></ins></span> any other
- construct than a string literal with certain methods <span
class="removed"><del><strong>(Obj.write, Obj.createElement, ...).</li>
- </ul>
- </li></strong></del></span>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em>(<b>Obj.write</b>,
<b>Obj.createElement</b>, and others).</li></em></ins></span>
+ scripts that use such constructs. Specifically, using any other
+ construct than a string literal with certain methods
+ (<b>Obj.write</b>, <b>Obj.createElement</b>, and
others).</li>
</ul>
<p>How do we tell whether the JavaScript code is free? In a <a
@@ -255,20 +265,26 @@
<!-- any links that used to point to the appendices should point to
free-your-javascript.html instead. -->
-<blockquote>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="announcement"></em></ins></span>
<p>Webmasters: there are
<a href="/software/librejs/free-your-javascript.html">several
ways</a>
to indicate the license of JavaScript programs in a web site.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></blockquote></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong> I thank <a
href="/people/people.html#mattlee">Matt Lee</a>
-and <a href="http://ejohn.org">John Resig</a> for their help in
+and <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://ejohn.org">John</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://johnresig.com/">John</em></ins></span>
Resig</a> for their help in
defining our proposed criterion, and David Parunakian for
bringing the problem to my attention.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -286,13 +302,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -313,7 +329,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2009-2013, 2016, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018, 2019</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009-2013, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2016,
2017, 2018, 2019</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016-2019, 2021</em></ins></span> Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -323,12 +339,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:32 $
+$Date: 2021/07/30 04:01:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
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