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www/education edu-schools.zh-tw.html po/edu-sch...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/education edu-schools.zh-tw.html po/edu-sch... |
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Date: |
Mon, 1 Feb 2021 12:31:18 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/02/01 12:31:18
Modified files:
education : edu-schools.zh-tw.html
education/po : edu-schools.zh-tw.po
Added files:
education/po : edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/edu-schools.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: edu-schools.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/edu-schools.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- edu-schools.zh-tw.html 1 Feb 2021 17:15:03 -0000 1.8
+++ edu-schools.zh-tw.html 1 Feb 2021 17:31:17 -0000 1.9
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/education/edu-schools.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/education/edu-schools.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2020-05-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/education/edu-schools.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
href="/education/education.html#indepth">æ·±å
¥è¨è«</a> → çºä»éº¼å¸æ
¡åªææ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«</p>
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" -->
<!--#else -->
<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" -->
@@ -123,7 +129,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2021/02/01 17:15:03 $
+$Date: 2021/02/01 17:31:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po 1 Feb 2021 17:15:03 -0000 1.14
+++ po/edu-schools.zh-tw.po 1 Feb 2021 17:31:17 -0000 1.15
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: edu-schools.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-01-01 05:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-11-10 17:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-02-08 17:11+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Cheng-Chia Tseng <pswo10680@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Traditional Chinese <www-zh-tw-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -24,24 +24,76 @@
"Software Foundation"
msgstr "çºä»éº¼å¸æ ¡åªææ¡ç¨èªç±è»é« - GNU å°æ¡ -
èªç±è»é«åºéæ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><a>
+# | [-</a>-]<a [-id=\"language-button\"-] {+id=\"side-menu-button\"+}
+# | class=\"switch\" [-href=\"#language-container\">-] {+href=\"#navlinks\">+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "</a> <a id=\"language-button\" class=\"switch\" href=\"#language-container"
+#| "\">"
+msgid "<a id=\"side-menu-button\" class=\"switch\" href=\"#navlinks\">"
+msgstr ""
+"</a> <a id=\"language-button\" class=\"switch\" href=\"#language-container\">"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <div><a><img>
+# | Education {+Contents+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Education"
+msgid "Education Contents"
+msgstr "æè²"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><a><img>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid " [Education Contents] "
+msgid " [Education Contents] "
+msgstr " [Languages - èªè¨] "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "</a>"
+msgid "</a>"
+msgstr "</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p><a>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/\">"
+msgid "<a href=\"/\">"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/\">"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <div><p><a><img>
+msgid "GNU Home"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | {+</a> /+} <a [-href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a>
+# | →-] {+href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> /+} <a
+# | [-href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → Why
+# | Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software-]
+# | {+href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> /+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a href=\"/"
+#| "education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → Why Schools Should "
+#| "Exclusively Use Free Software"
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a href=\"/"
-"education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → Why Schools Should "
-"Exclusively Use Free Software"
+"</a> / <a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> / <a "
+"href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> /"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">æè²</a> → <a href=\"/education/"
"education.html#indepth\">æ·±å
¥è¨è«</a> → çºä»éº¼å¸æ
¡åªææ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software"
msgstr "çºä»éº¼å¸æ ¡åªææ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr "ä½è
çº <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Educational activities, including schools of all levels from kindergarten to "
"university, have a moral duty to <a href=\"/education/education.html\">teach "
@@ -50,7 +102,7 @@
"æè²äºæ¥ï¼å
å«å¹¼å
åå°å¤§å¸çåç´å¸æ
¡ï¼å¨é義ä¸æ責任<a href=\"/education/"
"education.html\">åªæææèªç±è»é«</a>ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"All computer users ought to <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
"important.html\"> insist on free software</a>: it gives users the freedom to "
@@ -68,7 +120,7 @@
"å©ï¼å¦æ¤ç¾äººé½è½éæ£ç´ççæ´»ãä¸è¿°éäºçç±ä¸åªé©ç¨æ¼ææ人ï¼ä¹å樣é©ç¨æ¼å¸"
"æ ¡ãä¸éï¼æ¬ç¯æç«
çç®çæ¯è¦å°éä»ç´¹èªç±è»é«çºä½é©ç¨æ¼æè²çå
¶ä»çç±ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software can save schools money, but this is a secondary benefit. "
"Savings are possible because free software gives schools, like other users, "
@@ -80,7 +132,7 @@
"樣ï¼é½è½èªç±è¤è£½ä¸¦è½æ£å¸éäºè»é«ï¼æ以å¯ä»¥çé¢ï¼æè²é«ç³»å¯ä»¥å°è»é«å¯æ¬ç¼çµ¦æ¯"
"éå¸æ ¡ï¼èæ¯éå¸æ ¡é½è½å¤ å¨ææé»è
¦ä¸å®è£è©²è»é«ï¼ä¸å¿
åé¡å¤ä»è²»ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This benefit is useful, but we firmly refuse to give it first place, because "
"it is shallow compared to the important ethical issues at stake. Moving "
@@ -93,7 +145,7 @@
"äºå¯¦ä¸ï¼é代表å¸æ
¡è辦çæ¯åçæè²ï¼èéæ¡çæè²ãæ¥ä¸ä¾ï¼æåæ·±å
¥æ¢è¨éåè°"
"é¡ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Schools have a social mission: to teach students to be citizens of a strong, "
"capable, independent, cooperating and free society. They should promote the "
@@ -107,7 +159,7 @@
"ç±èªç±è»é«æè²ï¼ä»åè½è®ç¢æ¥çå
¬æ°å¸çï¼æºå好å¨èªç±çæ¸ä½ç¤¾æä¸å±éçæ´»ãé"
"æå©æ¼è®æ´é«ç¤¾ææºè«å¤§åä¼æ¥è²¡åçæ¯é
ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In contrast, to teach a nonfree program is implanting dependence, which goes "
"counter to the schools' social mission. Schools should never do this."
@@ -115,7 +167,7 @@
"ç¸è¼ä¹ä¸ï¼å¸æ
¡ææéèªç±è»é«ï¼åæ¯å¨ç輸å¸çå°ç¹å®è»é«çä¾è³´ï¼èéèå¸æ
¡ç社"
"æ使å½èéè馳ãå¸æ ¡æ ¹æ¬ä¸è©²é麼åæå°ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Why, after all, do some proprietary software developers offer gratis "
"copies<a href=\"#note1\">(1)</a> of their nonfree programs to schools? "
@@ -132,7 +184,7 @@
"è¦éäºå¸çç¢æ¥ï¼ä»åå¯ä¸æååç¢æ¥çæè
ç¢æ¥çæå·¥ä½çå
¬å¸ï¼æä¾å
è²»çè»é«å¯"
"æ¬ãä¸æ¦ä½ ä¾è³´ä»å家çç¢åï¼é£ä½
å°±éè¦ä»é¢ï¼èæªä¾çåç´è²»ç¨å¯è½æå¾æè²´ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software permits students to learn how software works. Some students, "
"natural-born programmers, on reaching their teens yearn to learn everything "
@@ -143,7 +195,7 @@
"å¹¾æ²æ就渴æèå¸ç¿ææèé»è
¦åè»é«ç¸éçç¥èãä»åæå¼·çç好å¥å¿ï¼æ³è¦ç è®æ¥"
"常使ç¨è»é«çæºå§ç¢¼ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software rejects their thirst for knowledge: it says, “The "
"knowledge you want is a secret—learning is forbidden!” "
@@ -154,7 +206,7 @@
"ç¿ï¼ããæ以ï¼å°æè»é«æ¯æè²ç²¾ç¥çä»æµï¼å¸æ
¡è£¡ä¸æ容å¿å°æè»é«ï¼é¤éæ¿ä¾ä½é"
"åå·¥ç¨çç 究å°è±¡æå¯ä»¥ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software encourages everyone to learn. The free software community "
"rejects the “priesthood of technology”, which keeps the general "
@@ -166,7 +218,7 @@
"æçºå°æè¡è«ç¶ç¡ç¥ï¼æåé¼åµä»»ä½å¹´é½¡çå¸çï¼å¨ä»»ä½æ
æ³ä¸é½è½ä¾å
¶æé¡ï¼é±è®æº"
"å§ç¢¼ä¾å¸ç¿ä»åæ³ç¥éçä¸åã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Schools that use free software will enable gifted programming students to "
"advance. How do natural-born programmers learn to be good programmers? They "
@@ -178,7 +230,7 @@
"æçºåªç§çç¨å¼è¨è¨å¸«å¢ï¼ä»åéè¦é±è®ä¸¦ææ人åçæ£å¨ç¨çç¨å¼ãè¥è¦å¯«åºåªé
ä¸"
"æ¸
æ°çç¨å¼ç¢¼ï¼ä½
å°±å¾é±è®åæ°å¯«å¤§éçç¨å¼ç¢¼ãåªæèªç±è»é«è½è®ä½
é麼åã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"How do you learn to write code for large programs? You do that by writing "
"lots of changes in existing large programs. Free Software lets you do this; "
@@ -190,7 +242,7 @@
"æ¹è®æ´ä¾éææ¤ç®çãèªç±è»é«è®ä½
å¯ä»¥é麼åï¼ä½æ¯å°æè»é«åç¦æ¢éè¡ãä»»ä½å¸æ ¡"
"é½å¯ä»¥çºå¸çæä¾ææ¡ç¨å¼è¨è¨æå·§çæ©æï¼èåææ¯å¸æ
¡æ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The deepest reason for using free software in schools is for moral "
"education. We expect schools to teach students basic facts and useful "
@@ -210,7 +262,7 @@
"å±ç¤ºæºå§ç¢¼çµ¦åå¸çï¼é樣ä¸ä¾å
¶ä»äººå°±å¯ä»¥å¾ä¸å¸ç¿ãå
æ¤ï¼è«ä¸è¦å°éèªç±è»é«å¸¶"
"å°èª²å ä¸ï¼é¤éæåè¦æéåå·¥ç¨æè¡ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the school must practice what it preaches: it should bring only "
"free software to class (except objects for reverse-engineering), and share "
@@ -221,7 +273,7 @@
"å·¥ç¨çç 究å°è±¡ä¾å¤ï¼ï¼ä¸¦åå¸çå享è»é«çå¯æ¬ï¼ä¹å
å«å
¶æºå§ç¢¼ï¼é樣å¸çæè½è¤"
"製è»é«ã帶å家ç¨ï¼çè³é²ä¸æ¥è½ç¼çµ¦å
¶ä»äººã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching the students to use free software, and to participate in the free "
"software community, is a hands-on civics lesson. It also teaches students "
@@ -231,7 +283,7 @@
"æå¸çå¦ä½ä½¿ç¨èªç±è»é«ï¼ä¸¦åèèªç±è»é«ç¤¾ç¾¤ï¼å°±æ¯è¦ªèº«åèçå
¬æ°èª²ãéä¹æè²äº"
"å¸çå
¬ç¾æåçè§è²å
¸ç¯ï¼èä¸æ¯è»é«å·¨é
ç樣åãåç´å¸æ ¡é½æ該æ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If you have a relationship with a school —if you are a student, a "
"teacher, an employee, an administrator, a donor, or a parent— it's "
@@ -244,21 +296,42 @@
"ä»»è®å¸æ
¡æ¹ç¨èªç±è»é«ãå¦æç§äººè«æ±ç¡æ³å¯¦ç¾éåç®æ¨ï¼è«å¨ç¸é社群ä¸å
¬éæèµ·é"
"é
è°é¡ï¼éæ¯è®æ´å¤äººæèå°æ¤è°é¡ï¼ä¸¦å¨éå
´éåä¸æ¾å°çåçæ¹æ³ã"
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
+# | [-<cite><a id=\"note1\"></a>Warning:-]{+Warning:+} a school that accepts
+# | such an offer may find subsequent upgrades rather [-expensive.</cite>-]
+# | {+expensive.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<cite><a id=\"note1\"></a>Warning: a school that accepts such an offer "
+#| "may find subsequent upgrades rather expensive.</cite>"
msgid ""
-"<cite><a id=\"note1\"></a>Warning: a school that accepts such an offer may "
-"find subsequent upgrades rather expensive.</cite>"
+"Warning: a school that accepts such an offer may find subsequent upgrades "
+"rather expensive."
msgstr ""
"<cite><a id=\"note1\"></a>è¦åï¼æ¥åæ¤é¡åªæ çå¸æ
¡ï¼ä¸è¬æç¼ç¾å¾çºåç´è²»ç¨æ¥µ"
"çºæè²´ã</cite>"
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid ""
-"<cite><a id=\"note2\"></a>RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company was fined $15m in 2002 "
-"for handing out free samples of cigarettes at events attended by children. "
-"See <a href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/";
-"tobaccotrial/usa.htm\"> http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/";
-"health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
+# | [-<cite><a id=\"note2\"></a>RJ-]{+RJ+} Reynolds Tobacco Company was fined
+# | $15m in 2002 for handing out free samples of cigarettes at events attended
+# | by children. See <a
+# |
href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm\";>
+# |
[-http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite>-]
+# | {+http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/u
+# | sa.htm</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<cite><a id=\"note2\"></a>RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company was fined $15m in "
+#| "2002 for handing out free samples of cigarettes at events attended by "
+#| "children. See <a href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/";
+#| "features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm\"> http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/";
+#| "sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite>"
+msgid ""
+"RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company was fined $15m in 2002 for handing out free "
+"samples of cigarettes at events attended by children. See <a href=\"http://";
+"www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm\"> "
+"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.";
+"htm</a>."
msgstr ""
"<cite><a id=\"note2\"></a>RJ Reynolds ç
èå
¬å¸æ¼2002å¹´å¨è辦給å
ç«¥åèçæ´»å"
"ä¸ç¼æ¾å
è²»é¦ç
樣åï¼èé罰款ä¸åäºç¾è¬ç¾å
ãè«åè¦
<a href=\"http://www.bbc.";
@@ -267,7 +340,7 @@
"a>ã</cite>"
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
-#. type: Content of: <div>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
@@ -291,14 +364,23 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Please see the <a
+# | href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations
+# | README</a> for information on coordinating and [-submitting-]
+# | {+contributing+} translations of this article.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#| "translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"æååªåç¡æè½æä¾è²¼åãå質è¯åçç¿»è¯ãç¶èï¼æåç¡æ³åå
¨åç¾ï¼éè«å°ä½ çæ"
@@ -308,8 +390,12 @@
"å®ã"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+# | Copyright © 2003, 2009, [-2014, 2015, 2016, 2019,-] {+2014-2016,+}
+# | 2020 Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 2003, 2009, 2014-2016, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman"
Index: po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html
diff -N po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/edu-schools.zh-tw-diff.html 1 Feb 2021 17:31:17 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/education/edu-schools.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.92 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html</em></ins></span> -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="/side-menu.css" media="screen" /></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/education/po/edu-schools.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!--#include
virtual="/education/education-menu.html" --></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="nav">
+<a id="side-menu-button" class="switch" href="#navlinks">
+ <img id="side-menu-icon" height="32"
+ src="/graphics/icons/side-menu.png"
+ title="Education Contents"
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+ <a <span
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Depth</a> →
+Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free
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+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div style="clear: both"></div>
+<div id="last-div" class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">
+by</em></ins></span> <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>Educational</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</a></address>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+Educational</em></ins></span> activities, including schools of all levels from
+kindergarten to university, have a moral duty
+to <a href="/education/education.html">teach only free
+software.</a></p>
+
+<p>All computer users ought to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+insist on free software</a>: it gives users
+the freedom to control their own computers—with proprietary
+software, the program does what its owner or developer wants it to do,
+not what the user wants it to do. Free software also gives users the
+freedom to cooperate with each other, to lead an upright life. These
+reasons apply to schools as they do to everyone. However, the purpose
+of this article is to present the additional reasons that apply
+specifically to education.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></blockquote>
+<div class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Free software can save schools money, but this is a secondary
+benefit. Savings are possible because free software gives schools,
+like other users, the freedom to copy and redistribute the software;
+the school system can give a copy to every school, and each school can
+install the program in all its computers, with no obligation to pay
+for doing so.</p>
+
+<p>This benefit is useful, but we firmly refuse to give it first place,
+because it is shallow compared to the important ethical issues at
+stake. Moving schools to free software is more than a way to make
+education a little “better”: it is a matter of doing good
+education instead of bad education. So let's consider the deeper
+issues.</p>
+
+<p>Schools have a social mission: to teach students to be citizens of
+a strong, capable, independent, cooperating and free society. They
+should promote the use of free software just as they promote
+conservation and voting. By teaching students free software, they can
+graduate citizens ready to live in a free digital society. This will
+help society as a whole escape from being dominated by
+megacorporations.</p>
+
+<p>In contrast, to teach a nonfree program is implanting dependence,
+which goes counter to the schools' social mission. Schools should
+never do this.</p>
+
+<p>Why, after all, do some proprietary software developers offer
+gratis copies<a href="#note1">(1)</a> of their nonfree programs to
+schools? Because they want to <em>use</em> the schools to implant
+dependence on their products, like tobacco companies distributing
+gratis cigarettes to school children<a href="#note2">(2)</a>. They
+will not give gratis copies to these students once they've graduated,
+nor to the companies that they go to work for. Once you're dependent,
+you're expected to pay, and future upgrades may be expensive.</p>
+
+<p>Free software permits students to learn how software works. Some
+students, natural-born programmers, on reaching their teens yearn to
+learn everything there is to know about their computer and its
+software. They are intensely curious to read the source code of the
+programs that they use every day.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software rejects their thirst for knowledge: it says,
+“The knowledge you want is a secret—learning is
+forbidden!” Proprietary software is the enemy of the spirit of
+education, so it should not be tolerated in a school, except as an
+object for reverse engineering.</p>
+
+<p>Free software encourages everyone to learn. The free software
+community rejects the “priesthood of technology”, which
+keeps the general public in ignorance of how technology works; we
+encourage students of any age and situation to read the source code
+and learn as much as they want to know.</p>
+
+<p>Schools that use free software will enable gifted programming
+students to advance. How do natural-born programmers learn to be good
+programmers? They need to read and understand real programs that
+people really use. You learn to write good, clear code by reading
+lots of code and writing lots of code. Only free software permits
+this.</p>
+
+<p>How do you learn to write code for large programs? You do that by
+writing lots of changes in existing large programs. Free Software
+lets you do this; proprietary software forbids this. Any school can
+offer its students the chance to master the craft of programming, but
+only if it is a free software school.</p>
+
+<p>The deepest reason for using free software in schools is for moral
+education. We expect schools to teach students basic facts and useful
+skills, but that is only part of their job. The most fundamental task
+of schools is to teach good citizenship, including the habit of
+helping others. In the area of computing, this means teaching people
+to share software. Schools, starting from nursery school, should tell
+their students, “If you bring software to school, you must share
+it with the other students. You must show the source code to the
+class, in case someone wants to learn. Therefore bringing nonfree
+software to class is not permitted, unless it is for
+reverse-engineering work.”</p>
+
+<p>Of course, the school must practice what it preaches: it should
+bring only free software to class (except objects for
+reverse-engineering), and share copies including source code with the
+students so they can copy it, take it home, and redistribute it
+further.</p>
+
+<p>Teaching the students to use free software, and to participate in
+the free software community, is a hands-on civics lesson. It also
+teaches students the role model of public service rather than that of
+tycoons. All levels of school should use free software.</p>
+
+<p>If you have a relationship with a school —if you are a
+student, a teacher, an employee, an administrator, a donor, or a
+parent— it's your responsibility to campaign for the school to
+migrate to free software. If a private request doesn't achieve the
+goal, raise the issue publicly in those communities; that is the way
+to make more people aware of the issue and find allies for the
+campaign.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="column-limit"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<ol>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><li><cite><a
id="note1"></a>Warning:</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li
id="note1">Warning:</em></ins></span> a school that accepts such an
+offer may find subsequent upgrades rather <span
class="removed"><del><strong>expensive.</cite></li>
+
+<li><cite><a id="note2"></a>RJ</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>expensive.</li>
+
+<li id="note2">RJ</em></ins></span> Reynolds Tobacco Company was
+fined $15m in 2002 for handing out free samples of cigarettes at
+events attended by children. See
+<a
href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm">
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite></li></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</li></em></ins></span>
+</ol>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div><!-- for id="content",
starts in the include above</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/education/education-menu.html"</em></ins></span>
-->
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+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
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+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
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+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
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class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
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+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2009, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2014,
2015, 2016, 2019,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014-2016,</em></ins></span> 2020 Richard
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/02/01 17:31:17 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
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+</html>
+
+</pre></body></html>