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www education/po/edu-faq.ar.po education/po/edu...
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From: |
Ineiev |
|
Subject: |
www education/po/edu-faq.ar.po education/po/edu... |
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Date: |
Sun, 17 Jun 2018 03:55:12 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Ineiev <ineiev> 18/06/17 03:55:11
Added files:
education/po : edu-faq.ar.po edu-why.ar.po
gnu/po : thegnuproject.ar.po
Log message:
New translations RT #1298876.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-faq.ar.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-why.ar.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: education/po/edu-faq.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: education/po/edu-faq.ar.po
diff -N education/po/edu-faq.ar.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ education/po/edu-faq.ar.po 17 Jun 2018 07:55:10 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# Arabic translation of https://www.gnu.org/education/edu-faq.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+#
+# Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>, 2018.
+# Lubna Mohammed, 2018 (proofreading).
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: edu-faq.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-13 15:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-13 15:49+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Arabic <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 &&"
+" n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Frequently Asked Questions About Free Software and Education - GNU Project - "
+"Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"أسئÙØ© شائعة ØÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙتعÙÙÙ
-
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → FAQ"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">اÙتعÙÙÙ
</a> ←
أسئÙØ© شائعة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Frequently Asked Questions About Free Software and Education"
+msgstr "أسئÙØ© شائعة ØÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
ÙاÙتعÙÙÙ
"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many Free Software advocates encounter difficulties when talking to the "
+"administrators of educational institutions about the advantages of using and "
+"teaching Free Software. Often school administrators have never heard of Free "
+"Software or have heard only about “open source”, so they raise "
+"many doubts. Here we put together some of the most common questions and the "
+"best possible answers to eliminate uncertainties."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙعدÙد Ù
٠دعاة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙاجÙÙÙ
صعÙبة ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙØاÙÙÙ٠اÙتØدث Ù
ع Ù
دراء"
+" اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© ØÙÙ ÙÙائد استخداÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Ù٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù"
+" اﻷØÙا٠ﻻ ÙÙÙÙ Ù
دراء اÙÙ
دارس Ùد سÙ
عÙا Ù
Ù
Ùب٠ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠أØÙاÙ"
+" أخر٠ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùد سÙ
عÙا بÙ
صطÙØ “اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙجعÙÙÙ
"
+" Ù
تشÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙ Ù
اÙÙØ© اﻷÙ
ر. ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©
سÙستعرض بعض اﻷسئÙØ© اÙØ´Ø§Ø¦Ø¹Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ا سÙÙرد"
+" Ø£Ùض٠اﻹجابات اÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙØ© ÙتبدÙد اÙØ´ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid ""
+"As a teacher, I've been trying hard to explain to the school's "
+"administrators the advantages that open source software can bring to our "
+"school, but they don't seem to be interested."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£Ùا Ù
عÙÙ
Ø ÙÙد ØاÙÙت Ù
Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø§Ù Ø£Ù Ø£Ø´Ø±Ø Ùإدارة
اÙÙ
درسة ÙÙائد استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات ذات"
+" اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© Ù٠اÙÙ
Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ ï»» ÙبدÙ
عÙÙÙÙ
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
بÙذا اÙÙ
ÙضÙع."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Open source” refers only to the technical advantages of "
+"software. Schools may not be interested in that aspect since most probably "
+"technical requirements are already satisfied by the proprietary software in "
+"use. You need to talk to them in terms of Free Libre Software, not "
+"“open source”, so that you can explain to them the philosophical "
+"and ethical reasons why educational institutions should reject proprietary "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù Ù
صطÙØ “اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©” ÙرÙ
ز ÙÙØ·
ÙÙÙÙائد اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات."
+" Ùد ï»» تÙÙ٠اÙÙ
دارس راغبة ÙÙ Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ï»·Ù
اÙبراÙ
ج اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تÙ٠باØتÙاجاتÙا"
+" اÙتÙÙÙØ©. Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تØدثÙÙ
Ù
Ù Ù
ÙظÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ï»» “اÙÙ
صادر"
+" اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد٠ÙÙ Ø´Ø±Ø Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø¨Ø§Ø¨
اÙÙÙسÙÙØ© ÙاﻷخÙاÙÙØ© اÙت٠Ùجب عÙÙ"
+" أساسÙا رÙض اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"See the reasons <a href=\"/education/edu-why.html\">why educational "
+"institutions should use and teach exclusively Free Software.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اﻻطÙاع عÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ© اÙتاÙÙØ© Ùتعر٠<a
href=\"/education/edu-why.html\""
+">ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© Ø£Ù
تستخدÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid ""
+"I would love to see all schools migrate to Free Software, but I think it's "
+"hopeless. Proprietary software companies have too much power, even over "
+"schools. The situation is discouraging."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙسرÙÙ ÙØ«Ùرا٠أ٠أر٠جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
دارس ÙÙد تØÙÙت
ﻻستخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙ"
+" أظ٠اﻷÙ
ر Ù
ÙؤÙسا٠Ù
ÙÙ. شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تÙ
تÙ٠اÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙتأثÙØ±Ø ØتÙ"
+" عÙÙ Ù
ستÙ٠اÙÙ
دارس ÙاÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©.
اÙÙضع بأÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ø«Ùر ÙÙØ¥Øباط."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"While it is true that proprietary software corporations have managed to "
+"impose their products on society by using schools as propaganda agents, it "
+"is also true that many schools around the world have adopted Free Software "
+"with excellent results. See our <a href=\"/education/edu-cases.html\">Case "
+"Studies</a> section for some examples."
+msgstr ""
+"ربÙ
ا Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙØÙÙÙ٠أ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة Ùد ÙجØت ÙÙ Ùرض Ù
ÙتجاتÙا عÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙØ°Ù٠باستخداÙ
اÙÙ
دارس ÙأدÙات
دعاÙØ© ÙإعÙاÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙØÙÙÙ٠أÙضاÙ"
+" أ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
دارس ØÙ٠اÙعاÙÙ
Ùد ÙجØت ÙÙ
استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بصÙرة"
+" ÙاعÙØ© ÙبÙتائج Ù
Ù
تازة. ÙرؤÙØ© بعض اﻷÙ
Ø«ÙØ©Ø
ÙÙ
بزÙارة صÙØØ© <a"
+" href=\"/education/edu-cases.html\">دراسات اÙØاÙØ©</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"When we started the GNU Project back in 1983, the situation was very "
+"discouraging for us too. We started from zero, and today millions of people "
+"around the world use Free Libre Software."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا أطÙÙÙا Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1983Ù
Ø ÙاÙ
اÙÙضع Ù
Øبطا٠ÙÙا باÙÙ
Ø«Ù. ÙÙد بدأÙا"
+" ØÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙصÙØ±Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا استطعÙا Ø£Ù ÙصÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ﻵﻻ٠Ù
٠اﻷشخاص اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ØÙ٠اÙعاÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid ""
+"I am the head of a technical institute and I would like to teach our "
+"students the use and administration of a Free Libre platform, but I have to "
+"comply with the curriculum established by the Ministry of Education, which "
+"requires the teaching of proprietary platforms and programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£Ùا أترأس Ù
ؤسسة تÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙØÙ Ùرغب بتعÙÙÙ
Ø·ÙابÙا ÙÙÙÙØ© استخداÙ
Ùإدارة ÙظاÙ
"
+" برÙ
جÙات Øرة. ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ù
ضطر ﻷ٠أذع٠ÙÙ
ÙÙج
Ùزارة اÙتعÙÙÙ
Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙتطÙب تعÙÙÙ
"
+" اÙØ·Ùاب باستخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you are literally forced to teach nonfree software, you should tell your "
+"students that you consider this software unethical, that you are doing this "
+"only because you are being forced, and that you will do as little of it as "
+"possible so that you can move on to freedom-respecting software."
+msgstr ""
+"إذا ÙÙت ØرÙÙا٠Ù
جبرا٠عÙ٠استخداÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙات غÙر ØØ±Ø©Ø Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تخبر"
+" Ø·Ùاب٠بÙضÙØ Ø£Ù٠تعتبر Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر
أخÙاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ£Ù٠تÙÙÙ
بتدرÙسÙا بسبب Ø£ÙÙ"
+" Ù
جبر عÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ ÙØ£Ù٠ستÙÙÙ
بتدرÙس اÙØد
اﻷدÙ٠اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙب Øت٠ÙتسÙÙ ÙÙØ·Ùاب Ø£Ù"
+" ÙستثÙ
رÙا بÙÙØ© ÙÙتÙÙ
Ù٠استخداÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠تØترÙ
ØرÙاتÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"We must not forget that schools have a great influence on society, so making "
+"our students aware of the advantages of Free Software is a way of putting "
+"pressure on decision makers. You can start by telling your students about "
+"Free Software and its ethical values, as they might never have heard of "
+"it. With your endorsement and support, this may lead to the formation of a "
+"<a href=\"http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list\";>Free Software Group</a> "
+"in your school. Then the group can make its voice heard by writing letters "
+"to the Ministry, holding events to promote Free Software, and other similar "
+"activities."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùجب عÙÙÙا أﻻ ÙÙس٠أ٠اÙÙ
دارس ÙدÙÙا تأثÙر
ÙبÙر عÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙØÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا"
+" ÙÙعÙÙ Ø·ÙابÙا بÙÙائد استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠إØد٠اÙطر٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ"
+" استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙضغط عÙ٠صاÙع٠اÙÙرار. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
أ٠تبدأ بتÙعÙØ© Ø·Ùاب٠ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة ÙÙÙائدÙا اﻷخÙاÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ØتÙ
٠أÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙسÙ
عÙا بÙذا اÙÙ
صطÙØ Ù
Ù"
+" ÙبÙ. Ùد Ùؤد٠Ùذا ÙتشÙÙÙ <a
href=\"http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list\"";
+">جÙ
عÙØ© برÙ
جÙات Øرة</a> Ù٠اÙÙ
درسة برعاÙتÙ
ÙإشراÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù"
+" تÙص٠صÙتÙا عبر Ùتابة اÙرسائ٠ÙÙزارة
اÙتعÙÙÙ
Ø Ùعبر تÙظÙÙ
اÙØ£Ùشطة اÙت٠ترÙÙج"
+" ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© ÙØ£Ùشطة أخر٠Ù
تعددة تصب ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙØÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"When computer users will start demanding their rights, Governments will have "
+"to issue their laws accordingly. That is why political and social awareness "
+"is a fundamental aspect which cannot be left aside when talking about Free "
+"Software."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùبدأ Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØÙاسÙب باÙÙ
طاÙبة
بØÙÙÙÙÙ
Ø ØÙÙÙا ستضطر اÙØÙÙÙ
ات ÙتعدÙÙ"
+" ÙÙاÙÙÙÙا Øسب اÙÙ
طاÙب. ÙÙذا اÙسبب ÙØ¥Ù
اÙÙع٠اÙسÙاس٠ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع٠Ùعتبرا٠رÙÙزتÙÙ"
+" أساسÙتÙÙ ï»» غÙ٠عÙÙÙ
ا ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙرÙد اÙتØدث عÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
+"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙرجاء ارسا٠اﻻستÙسارات اÙعاÙ
Ø© ØÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙظاÙ
جÙ٠إÙ٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙا٠<a"
+" href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙتÙاصÙ</a> Ù
ع Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙتبÙÙغ عÙ"
+" رابط ï»» ÙعÙ
٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙÙات أ٠اÙتراØات
أخرÙØ Ùرج٠إرسا٠رساÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden><"
+"/a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙØÙ Ùبذ٠أÙص٠جÙدÙا ÙÙÙÙر ترجÙ
Ø© دÙÙÙØ©
ÙعاÙÙØ© اÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا"
+" ÙØ®ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙعÙÙب. Ùرج٠إرسا٠تعÙÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙاÙتراØاتÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© بخصÙص Ùذ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©"
+" Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>.</p>."
+"<p>ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات Ø£Ùثر ØÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙتعاÙÙ Ù
عÙا
ÙÙÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠ترجÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙات عÙÙ Ùذا"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙØ¹Ø Ùرج٠Ùراءة دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© (<a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translat"
+"ions.html\">Translations README</a>)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2011, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2011, 2016 Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\""
+" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar\";>رخصة
اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداعÙ"
+" ÙÙسب اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0 دÙÙÙ</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>ترجÙ
Ø©</strong>: Ù
ØÙ
د عصاÙ
"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>, 2018. Ù
راجعة: ÙبÙÙ Ù
ØÙ
د."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "تÙ
اÙتØدÙØ« ÙÙ:"
+
Index: education/po/edu-why.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: education/po/edu-why.ar.po
diff -N education/po/edu-why.ar.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ education/po/edu-why.ar.po 17 Jun 2018 07:55:10 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Arabic translation of https://www.gnu.org/education/edu-why.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+#
+# Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>, 2018.
+# Lubna Mohammed, 2018 (proofreading).
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: edu-why.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-01-01 05:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-12 07:45+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Arabic <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why Educational Institutions Should Use and Teach Free Software - GNU "
+"Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة - Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
+" - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a "
+"href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → Why "
+"Educational Institutions Should Use and Teach Free Software"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">اÙتعÙÙÙ
</a> ← <a "
+"href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">Ù
ÙاÙات Ù
ÙصÙØ©</a> ←
ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب"
+" عÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Educational Institutions Should Use and Teach Free Software"
+msgstr "ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© Ø£Ù
تستخدÙ
ÙتعÙÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>\"Schools should teach their students to be citizens of a strong, "
+"capable, independent and free society.\"</strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>\"Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
دارس أ٠تعÙÙ
Ø·ÙابÙا ÙÙÙ
ÙصبØÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙاطÙÙ٠جزءا٠ﻻ Ùتجزأ Ù
Ù"
+" Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙØ ÙØ§Ø¯Ø±Ø Ù
ستÙÙ ÙØر.\"</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These are the main reasons why universities and schools of all levels should "
+"use exclusively Free Software."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙØ Ùستعرض اﻷسباب اÙت٠تجع٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙاجب عÙ٠اÙجاÙ
عات ÙاÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©"
+" بÙاÙØ© Ù
ستÙÙاتÙا أ٠تستخدÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة بصÙرة ØصرÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Sharing"
+msgstr "اÙÙ
شارÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Schools should teach the value of sharing by setting an example. Free "
+"software supports education by allowing the sharing of knowledge and tools:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
دارس أ٠تÙÙÙ
بتعÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
شارÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠بأ٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ثاÙا٠ÙØتذ٠بÙ."
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تدعÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©
بتسÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
شارÙØ© اÙÙ
عرÙØ© ÙاﻷدÙات"
+" اÙÙ
صاØبة ÙÙا:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>Knowledge</strong>. Many young students have a talent for "
+"programming; they are fascinated with computers and eager to learn how their "
+"systems work. With proprietary software, this information is a secret so "
+"teachers have no way of making it available to their students. But if it is "
+"Free Software, the teacher can explain the basic subject and then hand out "
+"the source code for the student to read and learn."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>اÙÙ
عرÙØ©</strong>. اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙØ·Ùاب ØدÙØ«Ù
اÙس٠ÙÙ
تÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙبة ÙÙ"
+" اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
Ù
بÙÙرÙ٠باÙØÙاسÙب ÙÙ
تØÙ
سÙÙ
ÙÙ
عرÙØ© ÙÙ٠تعÙ
٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙÙا. ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ï»» تتÙÙر باستخداÙ
اﻷÙظÙ
Ø©
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ÙÙذا Ù
ا Ùجع٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ
Ù٠غÙر"
+" ÙادرÙ٠عÙ٠تÙÙÙر اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ÙØ·ÙابÙÙ
. ÙÙÙÙ
ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© تتÙÙÙ Ù
Ù"
+" برÙ
جÙات ØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙتسÙÙ ÙÙÙ
عÙÙ
Ù٠أÙ
ÙشرØÙا ÙØ·ÙابÙÙ
اÙÙ
بادئ اﻷساسÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
"
+" ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بإعطائÙÙ
Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر ÙÙدرسÙا
اÙØ·Ùاب ÙÙتعÙÙ
Ùا Ù
ÙÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>Tools</strong>. Teachers can hand out to students copies of the "
+"programs they use in the classroom so that they can use them at home. With "
+"Free Software, copying is not only authorized, it is encouraged."
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>اﻷدÙات</strong>. ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
عÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙزعÙا
ÙØ·ÙابÙÙ
Ùسخا٠Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج"
+" اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù٠اÙصÙØ Ø¨ØÙØ« ÙتسÙÙ
ÙÙØ·Ùاب Ø£Ù ÙستخدÙ
Ùا اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ Ù
ÙازÙÙÙ
."
+" Ù
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ùسخ اÙبراÙ
ج ÙتÙزÙعÙا
ÙÙس Ø£Ù
را٠Ù
ÙبÙÙا٠ÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø¨Ù Ù٠أÙ
ر"
+" Ù
ستØب."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Social Responsibility"
+msgstr "اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اعÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Computing has become an essential part of everyday life. Digital technology "
+"is transforming society very quickly, and schools have an influence on the "
+"future of society. Their mission is to get students ready to participate in "
+"a free digital society by teaching them the skills to make it easy for them "
+"to take control of their own lives. Software should not be under the power "
+"of a software developer who unilaterally makes decisions that nobody else "
+"can change. Educational institutions should not allow proprietary software "
+"companies to impose their power on the rest of society and its future."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙد أصبØت اÙØÙسبة جزءا٠ﻻ Ùتجزأ Ù
Ù ØÙاتÙا
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø ÙاÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ© تسÙÙ
"
+" Ù٠تغÙÙر اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بصÙرة سرÙØ¹Ø©Ø ÙاÙÙ
دارس
تÙعب دÙرا Ù
ÙÙ
ا٠Ù٠تشÙÙÙ Ù
ستÙبÙ"
+" اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. اÙÙ
دارس ÙدÙÙا Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© تجÙÙز اÙØ·Ùاب
ÙÙصبØÙا أعضاء٠ÙاعÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
ع رÙÙ
Ù"
+" ØØ±Ø ÙØ°Ù٠عبر تعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ùارات اÙÙازÙ
Ø©
اÙت٠ستÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
Ù
٠اÙتØÙÙ
ÙÙ ØÙاتÙÙ
"
+" اÙشخصÙØ©. اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ùجب أﻻ تÙÙ٠تØت رØÙ
Ø© Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠باتخاذ"
+" اÙÙرارات اÙت٠ﻻ ÙÙ
Ù٠تغÙÙرÙا إﻻ Ù
٠جاÙبÙÙ
. Ùجب عÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ© أﻻ"
+" تسÙ
Ø ÙشرÙات اÙبراÙ
ج اﻻØتÙارÙØ© بأ٠تÙرض
سطÙتÙا عÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙÙ
ستÙبÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Independence"
+msgstr "اﻻستÙÙاÙÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Schools have an ethical responsibility to teach strength, not dependency on "
+"a single product or a specific powerful company. Furthermore, by choosing to "
+"use Free Software, the school itself gains independence from any commercial "
+"interests and it avoids vendor lock-in."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙ
دارس ÙدÙÙا Ù
سئÙÙÙØ© أخÙاÙÙØ© تÙض٠بأÙ
عÙÙÙا تدرÙس اﻻستÙÙاÙÙØ©Ø ï»» اﻻعتÙ
ادÙØ©"
+" عÙÙ Ù
Ùتج Ù
عÙ٠أ٠شرÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ©. باﻹضاÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ
Ùإ٠اÙÙ
دارس ÙÙسÙØ§Ø Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا تختار"
+" استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا تÙتسب
استÙÙاÙÙØ© ع٠اÙÙ
صاÙØ Ø§ÙتجارÙØ© ÙتتÙادÙ"
+" اÙÙÙÙع تØت رØÙ
Ø© اÙبائعÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software companies use schools and universities as a springboard "
+"to reach users and thus impose their software on society as a whole. They "
+"offer discounts, or even gratis copies of their proprietary programs to "
+"educational institutions, so that students will learn to use them and become "
+"dependent on them. After these students graduate, neither they nor their "
+"future employers will be offered discounted copies. Essentially, what these "
+"companies are doing is they are recruiting schools and universities into "
+"agents to lead people to permanent lifelong dependency."
+msgstr ""
+"شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تجع٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
دارس ÙاÙجاÙ
عات Ù
Ùصات Ùتثب Ù
ÙÙا ÙتصÙ"
+" ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙا Ù
Ù Ùرض برÙ
جÙاتÙا
عÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙشرÙات تعرض"
+" Ùسخا٠Ù
Ø®ÙØ¶Ø©Ø ÙØ£ØÙاÙا٠Ù
جاÙÙØ©Ø Ù
٠برÙ
جÙاتÙا اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ؤسسات اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø"
+" ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ٠تضÙ
٠أ٠اÙØ·Ùاب سÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙصبØÙا Ù
عتÙ
دÙÙ"
+" عÙÙÙا. بعد Ø£Ù Ùتخرج Ùؤﻻء اÙØ·Ùاب Ùإ٠شرÙات
اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù٠تÙÙÙ
بتÙدÙÙ
تخÙÙضات"
+" ÙÙÙ
Ùï»» ÙÙشرÙات اÙت٠تÙظÙÙÙ
. Ù
ا تÙعÙÙ
شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات باختصار Ù٠أÙÙا تÙÙÙ
"
+" بتجÙÙد اÙÙ
دارس ÙاÙجاÙ
عات بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙجÙ
Ùع عÙ
Ùاء ÙÙÙدÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙØ٠اﻻعتÙ
ادÙØ©"
+" اÙدائÙ
Ø© Ù
د٠اÙØÙاة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Free software licenses do not expire, which means that once Free Software is "
+"adopted, institutions remain independent from the vendor. Moreover, Free "
+"Software licenses grant users the rights not only to use the software as "
+"they wish, to copy it and distribute it, but also to modify it in order to "
+"meet their own needs. Therefore, if institutions eventually wish to "
+"implement a particular function in a piece of software, they can engage the "
+"services of any developer to accomplish the task, independently from the "
+"original vendor."
+msgstr ""
+"رخص اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تتÙ
Ùز بعدÙ
اÙتÙاء
صÙاØÙتÙØ§Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙعÙ٠أÙÙ Øا٠تبÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة"
+" Ù
ا ÙØ®Ùار استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ùإ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة تظ٠Ù
ستÙÙØ© ع٠اÙجÙØ© صاØبة"
+" اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. عÙاÙØ© عÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠رخص اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تÙ
ÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙØÙ ÙÙ"
+" استخداÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج Øسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
ا تÙ
ÙØÙÙ
اÙØÙ ÙÙ Ùسخ اÙبراÙ
ج Ùإعادة"
+" تÙزÙعÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
ÙØÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
تعدÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Øت٠تتÙاسب Ù
ع اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
"
+" اÙخاصة. Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙ
Ø¤Ø³Ø³Ø§ØªØ Ø¥Ø°Ø§ أرادت Ø£Ù
تضÙÙ ÙظÙÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
اØ"
+" ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا ØÙÙئذ أ٠تÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
Ø£Ù Ù
برÙ
ج
ﻷداء اÙÙظÙÙØ© اÙÙ
Ø·ÙÙبة بدÙ٠اÙØÙجة"
+" ÙÙرجÙع ÙÙجÙØ© اﻷصÙÙØ© صاØبة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Learning"
+msgstr "اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When deciding where they will study, more and more students are considering "
+"whether a university teaches computer science and software development using "
+"Free Software. Free software means that students are free to study how the "
+"programs work and to learn how to adapt them for their own needs. Learning "
+"about Free Software also helps in studying software development ethics and "
+"professional practice."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙØ·Ùاب اÙÙÙÙ
ÙأخذÙÙ Ù٠اÙØسبا٠Ù
ا إذا ÙاÙت اÙجاÙ
عة تدرس عÙÙÙ
"
+" اÙØاسÙب ÙتطÙÙر اÙبراÙ
ج باستخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙبØØ«Ù٠ع٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة اÙتÙ"
+" سÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙÙا تعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙعاÙÙ. ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات تعÙ٠أ٠اÙØ·Ùاب ÙدÙÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ"
+" دراسة ÙÙÙÙØ© عÙ
٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
تطÙÙعÙا ÙتÙاسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
اÙخاصة."
+" اÙÙ
عرÙØ© باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تساعد Ø£Ùضا٠ÙÙ
تعÙÙ
أخÙاÙÙات اÙبرÙ
جة ÙاÙÙ
Ù
ارسة"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Saving"
+msgstr "اÙØÙظ ÙاÙتÙÙÙر"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is an obvious advantage that will appeal immediately to many school "
+"administrators, but it is a marginal benefit. The main point of this aspect "
+"is that by being authorized to distribute copies of the programs at little "
+"or no cost, schools can actually aid families facing financial issues, thus "
+"promoting fairness and equal opportunities of learning among students."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙØ°Ù Ù
Ùزة أخر٠سÙÙتÙ
بÙا Ù
دراء اÙÙ
ؤسسات
اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø Ø±ØºÙ
Ø£ÙÙا Ùائدة ثاÙÙÙØ©."
+" اÙÙÙطة اﻷساسÙØ© ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙØÙ Ù٠أÙÙا ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùعط٠اﻹذ٠باستخداÙ
Ùإعادة تÙزÙع"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج بصÙرة Ù
جاÙÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù Ø¨Ø³Ø¹Ø± Ù
Ø®ÙØ¶Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا
Ùعط٠اÙÙ
دارس اÙÙرصة Ùتساعد اÙعÙائÙ"
+" اÙت٠تعاÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙاØÙØ© اÙÙ
ادÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙØÙÙ
اÙÙ
ساÙاة ÙاÙعد٠Ù٠إعطاء اÙÙرص ÙجÙ
Ùع"
+" اÙØ·ÙØ§Ø¨Ø Ø¨ØºØ¶ اÙÙظر ع٠ØاÙتÙÙ
اÙÙ
ادÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Quality"
+msgstr "اÙجÙدة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Stable, secure and easily installed Free Software solutions are available "
+"for education already. In any case, excellence of performance is a secondary "
+"benefit; the ultimate goal is freedom for computer users."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠ÙÙرة Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙجÙدة ÙاﻵÙ
ÙØ©Ø ÙاÙت٠تساعد Ù٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙØ©."
+" Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙØ Ùإ٠جÙدة اﻷداء تعتبر
Ùائدة ثاÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙاÙÙد٠اﻷساس٠ÙÙ ØرÙØ©"
+" Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØÙاسÙب Ùب٠Ù٠شئ."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
+"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙرجاء ارسا٠اﻻستÙسارات اÙعاÙ
Ø© ØÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙظاÙ
جÙ٠إÙ٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙا٠<a"
+" href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙتÙاصÙ</a> Ù
ع Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙتبÙÙغ عÙ"
+" رابط ï»» ÙعÙ
٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙÙات أ٠اÙتراØات
أخرÙØ Ùرج٠إرسا٠رساÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden><"
+"/a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙØÙ Ùبذ٠أÙص٠جÙدÙا ÙÙÙÙر ترجÙ
Ø© دÙÙÙØ©
ÙعاÙÙØ© اÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا"
+" ÙØ®ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙعÙÙب. Ùرج٠إرسا٠تعÙÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙاÙتراØاتÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© بخصÙص Ùذ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©"
+" Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>.</p>."
+"<p>ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات Ø£Ùثر ØÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙتعاÙÙ Ù
عÙا
ÙÙÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠ترجÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙات عÙÙ Ùذا"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙØ¹Ø Ùرج٠Ùراءة دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© (<a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translat"
+"ions.html\">Translations README</a>)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\""
+" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar\";>رخصة
اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداعÙ"
+" ÙÙسب اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0 دÙÙÙ</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>ترجÙ
Ø©</strong>: Ù
ØÙ
د عصاÙ
"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>, 2018. Ù
راجعة: ÙبÙÙ Ù
ØÙ
د."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "تÙ
اÙتØدÙØ« ÙÙ:"
+
+
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
diff -N gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po 17 Jun 2018 07:55:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2275 @@
+# Arabic translation of https://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+#
+# Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>, 2018.
+# Lubna Mohammed, 2018 (proofreading).
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-03-31 00:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-06-10 05:49+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Mohammed Isam <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Arabic <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ØÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
+msgstr "جÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙتارÙØ®"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The GNU Project"
+msgstr "Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
+"Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>رÙتشارد
ستاÙÙ
اÙ</strong></a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
+"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
+"from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠تÙ
Ùشر٠أÙÙا٠ÙÙ Ùتاب <em>اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (Open Sources)</em>."
+" رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أبدا٠Ù
Ù <a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">Ù
Ùاصر٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر “اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”</a>Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ"
+" شار٠بÙذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù٠اÙÙتاب اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙر
ﻻعتÙاد٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙÙار ÙرؤÙ"
+" ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
Ø°ÙÙرة Ù٠اÙÙتاب عÙ
أ٠تÙÙ٠غائبة عÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">to insist that "
+"the software we use be free</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
اذا ÙؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© بÙ
Ùا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-i"
+"mportant.html\">Ø£Ù Ùصر جÙ
Ùعا٠عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Øرة</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The first software-sharing community"
+msgstr "Ø£ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙ
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
+"part of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. "
+"Sharing of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as "
+"old as computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we "
+"did it more than most."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت اÙعÙ
٠بÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاعÙ
بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا <acronym"
+" title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</acronym> Ù٠اÙعاÙ
"
+" 1971Ù
Ø Ùجدت Ø£ÙÙ٠صرت جزءا٠Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø§Ùشئ اÙØ°Ù ÙاÙ"
+" Ù
تÙاصÙا٠Ù٠اﻷعÙاÙ
اÙت٠سبÙت اÙتØاÙ٠باÙÙ
ختبر. ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" Ù
Ùتصرة تØدÙدا٠عÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ù ÙاÙت Ù
Ù
ارسة ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب ÙÙسÙØ§Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙ
ا"
+" Ø£Ù Ù
شارÙØ© ÙصÙات اÙطبخ ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
عÙ
ÙÙØ©
اÙطبخ ÙÙ Øد ذاتÙا. غÙر Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
"
+" باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ø£Ùثر بÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠غÙرÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym "
+"title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
+"Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+"written in assembler language for the Digital <acronym title=\"Programmed "
+"Data Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+"As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to "
+"improve this system."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ÙعتÙ
د Ù
بدأ اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙاÙ"
+" اÙÙظاÙ
Ùدع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت غÙر
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ <acronym title=\"Incompatible"
+" Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible Timesharing System)."
+" Ùا٠ÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙرÙ٠عÙ
٠اÙÙ
ختبر
(1) Ùد صÙ
Ù
Ùا ÙبرÙ
جÙا اÙÙظاÙ
"
+" باستخداÙ
Ùغة اÙتجÙ
ÙØ¹Ø Ø¹Ù٠أجÙزة دÙجÙتاÙ
<acronym title=\"Programmed Data"
+" Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
٠أضخÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب
اÙت٠ÙاÙت Ù
ÙجÙدة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ"
+" اÙÙÙت. ÙØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت عضÙا٠ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
عØ
ÙÙ
برÙ
جا٠ÙÙ ÙرÙ٠عÙ
Ù Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء"
+" اﻻصطÙاعÙØ ÙÙد ÙاÙت ÙظÙÙت٠تتطÙب أ٠أÙÙÙ
بتØسÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
+"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
+"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
+"could always ask to see the source code, so that you could read it, change "
+"it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙ٠برÙ
جÙاتÙا
ÙÙظ “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø"
+" ÙØ°Ù٠ﻷ٠اÙÙÙظ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختراع٠بعدØ
ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙÙ
Ùع Ù
٠أ٠Ù
ا ÙÙا ÙÙ
ارسÙ"
+" Ùا٠ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتابعÙÙ ÙجاÙ
عة أخر٠أ٠شرÙØ© Ù
ختÙÙØ©"
+" ÙرغبÙÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
أ٠ترÙÙØ© Ø£Øد براÙ
جÙاØ
ÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙت ترÙ"
+" شخصا٠آخر ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙجذب
Ø°Ù٠اÙتباÙÙØ Ùا٠بإÙ
ÙاÙ٠أ٠تطÙب"
+" Ù
٠اÙشخص اﻵخر Ø£Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ù٠برؤÙØ© Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
ØµØ¯Ø±Ø ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙرأÙØ§Ø ÙتÙÙÙ
"
+" بتعدÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تستخدÙ
أجزاء Ù
ÙÙا ÙعÙ
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج جدÙد ÙÙÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
+"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
+"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
+"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
+"of the two. See my article, <a "
+"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “ÙرصÙØ©” بÙ
عÙÙ “Ùسر
اﻷÙ
Ù” Ù٠خطأ شائع"
+" ترتÙب٠اÙÙسائط اﻹعÙاÙ
ÙØ© اÙØدÙثة. ÙØÙ
ÙÙراصÙØ© Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙرÙض Ø£Ù Ùعتر٠بÙذا"
+" اÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ÙÙصر عÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© بÙ
عÙاÙا اÙصØÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙرصاÙ"
+" Ù٠شخص Ùجب اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙستÙ
تع باÙØ°Ùاء
اÙÙ
رØØ Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙÙ
ارس اﻻثÙÙÙ Ù
عاÙ."
+" ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙ
زÙد ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙت٠<a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hackin";
+"g.html\">ØÙ٠اÙÙرصÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The collapse of the community"
+msgstr "اÙÙÙار اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اﻷÙÙÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
+"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
+"the 60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address spaces that were "
+"becoming feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly all of the programs "
+"composing ITS were obsolete."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠بداÙØ© اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات Ù
٠اÙÙر٠اÙÙ
اضÙØ
تغÙر اÙÙضع ÙÙÙا٠عÙ
ا Ùا٠عÙÙÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ"
+" ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùررت شرÙØ© دÙجÙتا٠Digital Ø¥ÙÙا٠تصÙÙع
سÙسÙØ© ØÙاسÙب PDP-10. بÙÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ"
+" اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
راÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙا٠بÙ
ا ÙÙاسب
اÙستÙÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ ÙØ´Ù Ù٠اÙتÙسع بÙ
ا ÙÙائÙ
"
+" Ù
ساØات اÙعÙاÙÙ٠اÙضخÙ
Ø© اÙت٠صارت Ù
تÙÙرة
Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات. Ùذا Ùا٠ÙعÙ٠أ٠جÙ
Ùع"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت غÙر اÙتÙاÙÙÙ ITS Ùد أصبØت باÙÙØ©"
+" ÙغÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙعÙ
Ù."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
+"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
+"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
+"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ùد اÙÙار Ùب٠ذÙ٠بÙترة"
+" ÙصÙرة. ÙÙ٠اÙعاÙ
1981Ù
Ø ÙاÙت شرÙØ© سÙÙ
بÙÙÙس
(Symbolics) Ùد ÙجØت Ù٠تÙظÙ٠أغÙب"
+" اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙتابعÙÙ ÙÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اÙاصطÙاعÙØ Ù
Ù
ا أد٠ﻹضعا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع"
+" اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙذ٠صار عاجزا٠ع٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
بÙÙس اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙسابÙØ©. (Ø¥Ù Ùتاب"
+" اÙÙراصÙØ© (Hackers)Ø Ù
٠تأÙÙ٠ستÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ ÙØÙÙ
ÙصÙا٠دÙÙÙا٠ÙÙذ٠اﻷØداثØ"
+" باﻹضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙ ÙرسÙ
صÙرة ÙاضØØ© ÙÙذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع Ù٠ذرÙØ© ÙشاطÙ). ÙÙÙ
ا Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا"
+" ÙاÙ
Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1982Ù
بشراء جÙاز ØاسÙب PDP-10 ØدÙØ«Ø Ùرر"
+" اÙÙ
دراء استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت Ù
٠دÙجÙتاÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ØراÙØ"
+" عÙضا٠ع٠ÙظاÙ
ITS اÙÙدÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
+"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
+"nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
+msgstr ""
+"أجÙزة اÙØÙاسÙب اÙØدÙثة ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙتØ
ÙجÙاز VAX أ٠جÙاز 68020Ø ÙاÙت جÙ
ÙعÙا"
+" تØÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙخاصة بÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أÙÙا ØراÙ: Ùا٠Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
"
+" بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار ÙÙ ÙÙت
ترغب باÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
+"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
+"by the owners of proprietary software was, “If you share with your "
+"neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make "
+"them.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠أÙ٠خطÙØ© ÙتÙجب عÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا ﻻستخداÙ
جÙاز ØاسÙب Ù٠أ٠تعد"
+" بأÙÙ Ù٠تÙدÙ
Ùد اÙعÙÙ ÙجارÙØ Ø¨Ù
ا ÙعÙÙ
تØرÙÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. Ùا٠اÙÙاÙÙÙ"
+" اÙجدÙد اÙØ°Ù Ùضع٠Ù
Ùا٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙ: “إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
ع"
+" جارÙØ ÙØ£Ùت إذا٠ÙرصاÙ. إذا ÙÙت ترغب بإجراء
أ٠تعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙ"
+" أ٠تتÙس٠إÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
+"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
+"that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a surprise to "
+"some readers. But what else could we say about a system based on dividing "
+"the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the idea surprising "
+"may have taken the proprietary software social system as a given, or judged "
+"it on the terms suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software "
+"publishers have worked long and hard to convince people that there is only "
+"one way to look at the issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùد ÙتÙاجأ بعض اÙÙراء Ù
Ù ÙÙرة أ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© —"
+" ÙÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙرض ÙاÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
ÙعدÙ
تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات — ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
"
+" ï»» اجتÙ
اعÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ï»» أخÙاÙÙØ
ÙباÙتاÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ارسة خاطئة Ù
٠أساسÙا. ÙÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
اذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ
تÙرÙ٠اÙرأ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø ÙÙجع٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»»"
+" ØÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùï»» ÙÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙÙارئ اÙØ°Ù Ùجد ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙرة Ù
Ùاجئة ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙتÙع بأ٠ÙظاÙ
"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
Ù
ÙسÙÙÙ
بÙØ Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
"
+" باﻻعتÙ
اد عÙ٠اÙشرÙØ· اÙت٠ÙرضÙا عÙÙÙ
أصØاب اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ø£ÙÙسÙÙ
. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا"
+" Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ùد بذÙÙا
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙجÙد ﻹÙÙاع"
+" اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠بأ٠ÙÙا٠طرÙÙØ© ÙاØدة ÙÙØ· ÙÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سأÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their "
+"“rights” or “stopping <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they "
+"actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these statements is "
+"in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked "
+"to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتØدث Ùاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج ع٠“Ùرض
ØÙÙÙÙÙ
” باÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù"
+" ”Ù
Øاربة ÙØ¥ÙÙا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\""
+">اÙÙرصÙØ©</a>“ Ùإ٠بÙ
ا <em>ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ</em> ÙÙ
اÙØÙÙÙØ© ÙÙس Ù
ÙÙ
ا٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ."
+" اÙرساÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء تصرÙØاتÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠اÙتراضاتÙÙ
غÙر اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©Ø ÙاÙتÙ"
+" ÙتعÙ٠عÙ٠اÙجÙ
ÙÙر اÙÙبÙ٠بÙا بدÙ٠بØØ« Ø£Ù
تÙ
ØÙص. إذاÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ
باÙبØØ« ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اﻻÙتراضات اﻵÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
+"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
+"a natural right, then no matter how much harm it does to the public, we "
+"could not object.) Interestingly, the US Constitution and legal tradition "
+"reject this view; copyright is not a natural right, but an artificial "
+"government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£Øد Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات Ù٠أ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
Ù ØÙÙا أ٠تÙ
تÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙباÙتاÙÙ"
+" أ٠تÙرض سÙطتÙا عÙ٠جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ÙØ£Ù
Ùذا Ø٠طبÙع٠ÙغÙر Ùاب٠ÙÙÙÙاش. (إذا"
+" سÙÙ
Ùا بأ٠Ùذا Ø٠طبÙعÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø°ÙÙ ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا
ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اﻻعتراض عÙÙÙØ Ø¨ØºØ¶"
+" اÙÙظر ع٠Ù
Ùدار اﻷذ٠اÙذ٠سÙسبب٠ÙÙجÙ
ÙÙر).
Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø«Ùر ÙÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
أ٠دستÙر"
+" اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙاÙÙÙاÙ
Ùس اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ©
ترÙضا٠ÙجÙØ© اÙÙظر ÙØ°ÙØ ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ØÙÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙست ØÙÙÙا٠أصÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠خطة
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
صطÙعة تÙرضÙا اÙØÙÙÙ
ات"
+" ÙتÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ù
Ù
ارسة ØÙÙÙ
اÙطبÙعÙ
Ù٠اÙÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
+"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
+"care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ضÙ
Ù٠آخر ÙÙض٠بأ٠اÙشئ اÙÙØÙد
ذ٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ÙضÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ ÙÙع"
+" اÙÙظائ٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا — بÙ
عÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù ØÙاسÙب Ùجب Ø£Ùا"
+" ÙÙتÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙر ÙÙ ÙÙع اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØ°Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙØ
ÙÙا باÙعÙØ´ ÙÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
+"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
+"company power over the users of the program. This assumption may have "
+"seemed plausible, before the free software movement demonstrated that we can "
+"make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ثاÙØ« بأÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ضطرÙÙ
ÙÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙشرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات بأ٠تسÙطر عÙÙ"
+" Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙ
جÙاتÙØ§Ø Ùإﻻ ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠براÙ
ج ÙعاÙØ© (Ø£Ù ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù"
+" اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙÙÙ
بÙذ٠اÙÙظÙÙØ© Ø£Ù
تÙÙ). ربÙ
ا بدا Ùذا اﻻÙتراض Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ"
+" ÙÙÙÙÙØ© اﻷÙÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ùد برÙÙت عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتØصÙ"
+" عÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙدة بدÙ٠أÙ
Ùضع ÙÙÙدا٠عÙÙÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
+"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
+"very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to modify "
+"programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because helping "
+"other people is the basis of society."
+msgstr ""
+"إذا ÙررÙا Ø£Ù ÙرÙض Ùذ٠اﻻÙØªØ±Ø§Ø¶Ø§ØªØ ÙأردÙا
Ø£Ù ÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سائ٠استÙادا٠عÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù ÙاﻷخÙا٠ÙÙØدÙÙ
Ø§Ø ÙاضعÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ø£ÙÙاÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙا سÙص٠Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙÙتائج"
+" Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙÙاÙ. ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù
اÙØÙاسÙب ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات بÙ
ا"
+" ÙÙاسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ© Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¨Ø¨Ø³Ø§Ø·Ø© ï»·Ù"
+" Ù
ساعدة اﻵخرÙÙ Ù٠اﻷساس Ù٠بÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"بÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
ساØØ© ï»» تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø±Ø¶ Ù
Ø·ÙÙ ÙÙأسباب
اÙت٠تÙÙدÙا ÙÙذ٠اÙÙتÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙصØ"
+" اÙÙارئ باﻻطÙاع عÙ٠صÙØØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">"
+" http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> ÙصÙØØ© <a"
+" href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">"
+" http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "A stark moral choice"
+msgstr "اÙØ®Ùار اﻷخÙاÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
+"faced a stark moral choice."
+msgstr ""
+"بعد اÙÙÙار Ù
جتÙ
ع٠اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ØµØ§Ø± Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستØÙÙ
عÙ٠أ٠أÙاص٠ÙاÙسابÙ. ÙعÙÙ٠صار عÙÙ"
+" أ٠أÙÙÙ
بأÙس٠خÙار أخÙاÙ٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
+"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
+"likely I would also be developing software that was released under "
+"nondisclosure agreements, thus adding to the pressure on other people to "
+"betray their fellows too."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙØ®Ùار اﻷسÙÙ Ùا٠أ٠أÙضÙ
ÙعاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙات"
+" عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ£Ùطع Ùعدا٠بأÙا أساعد
زÙ
Ùائ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ. عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø£ÙÙÙ"
+" ÙÙت سأÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات سÙتÙ
إصدارÙا تØت
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
Ù
اثÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا"
+" سÙزÙد اÙضغط عÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙضطرÙÙ
ÙØ®ÙاÙØ© زÙ
ÙائÙÙ
باÙÙ
Ø«Ù."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
+"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
+"building walls to divide people, and feel I had spent my life making the "
+"world a worse place."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠جÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
ا٠بسÙÙÙ Ùذا
اÙطرÙÙØ ÙربÙ
ا Ø£Ù
تعت ÙÙس٠بÙتابة"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت
أعÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠عÙدÙ
ا تÙتÙÙ Ù
سÙرت٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø"
+" عÙدÙا سأÙظر ÙÙÙراء ÙجÙ
Ùع اÙسÙÙات اÙتÙ
ÙضÙتÙا Ù٠بÙاء اÙجدرا٠اÙت٠تÙص٠اÙÙاس"
+" ع٠بعضÙÙ
Ø ÙعÙدÙا سأشعر بأÙÙÙ ÙضÙت سÙÙ
ØÙات٠Ù٠جع٠اÙعاÙÙ
Ù
ÙاÙا٠أسÙØ£ ÙÙعÙØ´"
+" ÙÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
+"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
+"code for the control program for our printer. (The lack of certain features "
+"in this program made use of the printer extremely frustrating.) So I could "
+"not tell myself that nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very "
+"angry when he refused to share with us; I could not turn around and do the "
+"same thing to everyone else."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙت Ùد جربت أ٠أÙÙ٠عÙ٠اÙطر٠اﻵخر Ù
Ù
اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا"
+" رÙض Ø£ØدÙÙ
إعطائ٠أÙا ÙÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء
اﻻصطÙاع٠شÙرة اÙÙ
صدر ÙÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙتØÙÙ
"
+" Ù٠آÙتÙا اÙطابعة. (Ùا٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اﻵÙØ©
اÙطابعة Ù
Ø«Ùرا٠ÙÙاØباط بصÙرة ÙبÙرةØ"
+" ÙØ°ÙÙ Ùسبة ÙغÙاب بعض اÙخصائص اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج اÙتØÙÙ
). ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙÙ
أتÙ
Ù٠أبداÙ"
+" Ù
٠إÙÙاع ÙÙس٠بأ٠اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء
اﻷسرار برÙئة. ÙÙت غاضبا٠ÙÙغاÙØ© ØÙÙÙ
ا"
+" رÙض Ø°Ù٠اÙشخص Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
أستطع أ٠أدÙر عÙ٠عÙب٠ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
بÙعÙ"
+" ÙÙس اÙشئ Ù
ع اﻵخرÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
+"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
+"wasted. I would not be culpable for dividing and restricting computer "
+"users, but it would happen nonetheless."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙØ®Ùار Ø§ï»µØ®Ø±Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
باشرا٠ÙÙÙÙ٠غÙر Ù
رÙØ Ø¥Ø·ÙاÙاÙØ Ùا٠أ٠أغادر Ù
جاÙ"
+" اÙØÙسبة ÙÙائÙاÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠Ùدرات٠ÙÙ
Ùساء استخداÙ
ÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ٠سÙتÙ
"
+" Ø¥ÙدارÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا سÙعÙ٠أÙضا٠أÙÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙÙ Ù
سئÙÙا٠ع٠تÙرÙØ© ÙتØجÙÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù"
+" اÙØÙاسÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùع ØدÙØ«ÙÙ
ا
Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
+"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
+"make a community possible once again?"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ Ùذا جعÙÙ٠أبØØ« ع٠طرÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙا ÙÙ
برÙ
ج أ٠أÙع٠شÙئا٠جÙدا٠ÙخدÙ
Ø©"
+" اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. سأÙت ÙÙس٠سؤاÙاÙ: ÙÙ ÙÙا٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج (أ٠براÙ
ج) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
"
+" بÙتابتÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ستجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠إÙشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠Ù
٠جدÙدØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
+"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
+"system, you can do many things; without one, you cannot run the computer at "
+"all. With a free operating system, we could again have a community of "
+"cooperating hackers—and invite anyone to join. And anyone would be "
+"able to use a computer without starting out by conspiring to deprive his or "
+"her friends."
+msgstr ""
+"اﻹجابة ÙاÙت ÙاضØØ©: ÙØتاج Ø£ÙÙا٠ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ùب٠Ù٠شئ. ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù٠اÙخطÙØ©"
+" اﻷÙÙ٠اÙت٠ÙØتاجÙا ÙÙبدأ باستخداÙ
جÙاز
اÙØاسÙب. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙØ"
+" عÙدÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙع٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اﻷشÙØ§Ø¡Ø Ø£Ù
ا
بدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠سÙتعذر عÙÙÙ"
+" تشغÙ٠اÙØاسÙب Ù
٠أساسÙ. بÙجÙد ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙعÙد Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع"
+" اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
تعاÙÙÙÙ — ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا دعÙØ©
أ٠شخص ÙÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
. أ٠شخص سÙتÙ
ÙÙ"
+" Ù
٠استخداÙ
ØاسÙب٠بدÙ٠أ٠Ùضطر بدءا٠ÙÙتآÙ
ر ضد زÙ
Ùائ٠ÙØرÙ
اÙÙÙ
Ù
Ù ØرÙتÙÙ
"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
+"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
+"elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so "
+"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
+"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
+"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a "
+"href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"بصÙت٠Ù
برÙ
ج Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙت Ø£Ù
تÙÙ
اÙصÙات اÙÙ
ؤÙÙØ© ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. ÙØ°ÙÙØ"
+" ÙرغÙ
ا٠ع٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠اÙÙجاØØ
ÙÙد أدرÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختÙار٠ÙÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. اخترت أ٠أجع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù
ÙائÙ
ا٠ÙÙÙÙÙس (Unix) بØÙØ« تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" ÙابÙØ© ÙÙترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس Ù
٠اﻻÙتÙا٠بسÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙظاÙ
اÙجدÙد. ÙÙ
ت"
+" باختÙار اسÙ
جÙÙ (GNU)Ø Ø¹Ù٠عادة اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ Ùاختصار Ù
تÙرر بÙ
عÙÙ"
+" “جÙÙ ÙÙس ÙÙÙÙس Ø£Ù GNU's Not Unix.” ÙÙÙØ·Ù <a"
+" href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">ÙÙ
Ùطع ÙÙظ٠ÙاØد Ù
ع
تشدÙد اÙجÙÙ
</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
+"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
+"command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, text "
+"editors, mailers, and much more. ITS had them, Multics had them, VMS had "
+"them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠أشÙاء Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠باÙÙاد تسÙ
Ø"
+" بتشغÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج اﻷخرÙ. Ù٠اÙسبعÙÙÙات ÙاÙت
جÙ
Ùع ÙظÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙÙ
ØترÙ
Ø© تØتÙ٠عÙÙ"
+" Ù
عاÙجات Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙÙ
ÙجÙ
Ùعات ÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØات ÙÙØ´Ùرة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
Øررات ÙصÙصØ"
+" ÙبراÙ
ج برÙد اÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙا Ù
Ù
اÙبراÙ
ج. ÙظاÙ
ITS Ùا٠ÙØتÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ا"
+" ÙاÙت Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Multics ÙVMS ÙUnix جÙ
ÙعÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا
ÙعÙ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙØتÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgstr "ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø³Ù
عت Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙتÙ
تÙÙسÙب Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ (Hillel) (1):"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠داعÙ
ا٠ÙÙÙسÙØ ÙÙ
٠سÙدعÙ
ÙÙØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙتÙ
باﻵخرÙÙØ ÙÙ
٠أÙاØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
+msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙعÙÙا اﻵÙØ ÙÙ
ت٠إذاÙØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
+msgstr "Ùرار٠بإÙشاء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
ستÙدا٠عÙÙ
عÙÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙØ°Ù."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+"find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) بصÙت٠Ù
ÙØداÙØ ÙØ£Ùا ï»» أتبع Ø£Ù Ùادة
دÙÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙعجÙب Ø£ØÙاÙا٠بÙ
ÙÙÙØ©"
+" Ø£ØدÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free as in freedom"
+msgstr "Øر ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
+"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
+"definition of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠تعبÙر “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙØ«Ùرا٠Ù
ا
Ùساء ÙÙÙ
Ù — ÙÙÙ ï»»"
+" عÙاÙØ© Ù٠باÙÙ
اÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙعÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙÙ
بتعرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ùعتبر اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عÙ٠برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة باÙÙسبة
Ù٠أÙÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙشرÙØ·:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© استخداÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بأÙ
صÙرة تراÙا Ù
ÙØ§Ø³Ø¨Ø©Ø ï»·Ù ØºØ±Ø¶ ترغب بÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
+"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
+"since making changes in a program without having the source code is "
+"exceedingly difficult.)"
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
ÙÙÙاسب اØتÙاجات٠اÙخاصة. (Øت٠تÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙØرÙØ© عÙ
ÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تتÙÙر ÙدÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة باÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØÙØ« أ٠تعدÙÙ"
+" اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بدÙÙ ÙجÙد Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر Ø£Ù
ر صعب
ÙÙغاÙØ©)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ù
جاÙا٠أ٠برسÙÙ
Ù
اÙÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
+"the community can benefit from your improvements."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ©
Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع Ø£Ù"
+" ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠تØسÙÙات٠اÙت٠أدخÙتÙا عÙÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻷصÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
+"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
+"freedom to sell copies is crucial: collections of free software sold on "
+"CD-ROMs are important for the community, and selling them is an important "
+"way to raise funds for free software development. Therefore, a program "
+"which people are not free to include on these collections is not free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"بÙ
ا Ø£Ù “اÙØرÙØ©” ÙÙا ترÙ
ز ÙÙÙع٠Ùا ÙÙÙ
اÙØ Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙس ÙÙا٠تضارب بÙÙ"
+" ÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة ÙÙÙÙÙا تباع بسعر. ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙØ¹Ø ÙØ¥Ù ØرÙØ© بÙع Ùسخ Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ"
+" ØرÙØ© أساسÙØ©: إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙستÙÙد Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعات
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠تباع عÙÙ"
+" اﻷÙراص اÙÙ
ضغÙØ·Ø©Ø ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙا تشÙÙ Ù
صدرا٠ÙاÙ
ا٠Ù
Ù Ù
صادر جÙ
ع اﻷÙ
ÙاÙØ ÙاÙت٠تساعد"
+" Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠أÙ
برÙ
جÙØ© ï»» ÙÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¯Ø®Ø§ÙÙا ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعات Ù٠بطبÙعة اÙØا٠برÙ
جÙØ© غÙر Øرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
+"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
+"word that means “free”, as in "
+"freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in "
+"meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, "
+"“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning "
+"or some other disadvantage."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùظرا٠ÙغÙ
Ùض Ù
عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØرÙØ©”Ø
ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùد بØØ«Ùا Ù
Ø·ÙÙا٠ع٠بدائÙ"
+" ÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùجد تعبÙرا٠آخر Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ùاسبة Ù
ÙÙا. إ٠اÙÙغة اﻻÙجÙÙزÙØ© تزخر"
+" باÙÙÙÙ
ات ذات اÙÙرÙ٠اÙØ´ÙÙÙØ© اÙبسÙطة Ø£Ùثر
Ù
٠أ٠Ùغة أخرÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙتÙر ÙÙجÙد"
+" ÙÙÙ
Ø© بسÙطة ÙغÙر غاÙ
ضة تØÙ
Ù Ù
عÙÙ “Øر”
ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ© —"
+" “غÙر Ù
ÙÙد (unfettered)” Ù٠أÙثر ÙÙÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ. اÙÙ
رادÙات"
+" اﻷخر٠Ù
Ø«Ù “Ù
ÙØÙرÙر (liberated)”Ø Ù“ Ù
ستÙÙ"
+" (freedom)”Ø Ù“Ù
ÙتÙØ (open)” جÙ
ÙعÙا تØÙ
Ù Ù
عÙÙ٠خاطئاÙØ Ø£Ù"
+" تعاÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙصÙر آخر Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
+msgstr "برÙ
جÙات جÙÙ ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
+"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
+"was possible. For example, I decided at the very beginning to use TeX as "
+"the principal text formatter; a few years later, I decided to use the X "
+"Window System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع ضخÙ
ÙÙغاÙØ©. ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙصÙÙ ÙغاÙتÙاØ"
+" Ùررت أ٠أÙØ·ÙÙع ÙأستخدÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
اÙÙ
تÙÙرة ÙÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù
ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ. ÙÙ
ثا٠عÙÙ"
+" Ø°ÙÙØ Ùررت Ù
ÙØ° اÙبداÙØ© استخداÙ
تÙÙ (TeX) ÙÙ
Ùس٠اÙÙصÙص اÙرئÙسÙ. بعد عدة سÙÙاتØ"
+" Ùررت استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (X Window System) بدÙاÙ
ع٠Ùتابة ÙظاÙ
عرض جدÙد"
+" خصÙصا٠Ù
٠أج٠جÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
+"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
+"programs that are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other "
+"people and projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because "
+"they are free software."
+msgstr ""
+"بسبب Ùذ٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙØ§Ø ÙØ¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ù٠أÙثر Ù
Ù Ù
جرد تجÙ
Ùع ÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" جÙÙ. Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ."
+" Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Ù
Ù Ùب٠Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ
آخرÙÙ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
Ù"
+" استخداÙ
Ùا ï»·ÙÙا برÙ
جÙات Øرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Commencing the project"
+msgstr "بداÙØ© إطÙا٠اÙÙ
شرÙع"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
+"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
+"distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff, MIT "
+"could have claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own "
+"distribution terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software "
+"package. I had no intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it "
+"become useless for its intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing "
+"community."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984Ù
Ø ØºØ§Ø¯Ø±Øª ÙظÙÙت٠ÙÙ Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا Ùبدأت ÙÙ Ùتابة"
+" براÙ
ج جÙÙ. Ù
غادرت٠ÙÙÙ
عÙد ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© Øت٠ﻻ
Ùتدخ٠اÙÙ
عÙد Ù٠تÙزÙع جÙÙ ÙبرÙ
جÙØ©"
+" Øرة. ÙÙ ÙÙت ظÙÙت Ù
ÙظÙا٠Ùد٠اÙÙ
عÙØ¯Ø Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠Ùدع٠اÙÙ
عÙد اÙ
تÙاÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
ÙØ"
+" ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙ٠بÙرض شرÙØ·ÙÙ
اÙخاصة
عÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتÙزÙØ¹Ø Ø£Ù Ø±Ø¨Ù
ا ÙاÙ
Ùا"
+" بتØÙÙ٠اÙعÙ
Ù ÙØزÙ
Ø© براÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ùد٠اﻻستعداد ببذ٠Ù
جÙÙد ÙبÙر ÙÙ"
+" Ùذا اÙعÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ· ﻷرا٠تØÙÙ ÙعÙ
Ù ï»» ÙخدÙ
اÙغرض اﻷساس٠Ù
٠إÙشائÙØ ÙÙ٠إعادة بÙاء"
+" Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
+"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙ٠برÙÙÙسÙر ÙÙستÙÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠رئÙس Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس"
+" ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙاÙ
Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙ
بدعÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙاصÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù
Ùارد اÙÙ
ختبر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The first steps"
+msgstr "اÙخطÙات اﻷÙÙÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
+"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
+"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
+"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙت Ùد سÙ
عت ع٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ترجÙ
ات اÙجاÙ
عة
اÙØرة (Free University Compiler Kit)Ø"
+" اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© باÙاسÙ
اÙÙ
ختصر VUCKØ Ùب٠Ùترة
ÙصÙرة Ù
٠بدئ٠اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ."
+" (ÙÙÙ
Ø© “Øرة” Ù٠اﻷÙÙ
اÙÙØ© تبدأ بØرÙ
<em>v</em>. Ùذا اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙاÙ"
+" عبارة ع٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
ترجÙ
تÙ
تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ù ÙترجÙ
Ø©
عدة Ùغات Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø Ù
٠ضÙ
ÙÙا Ùغة س٠(C)"
+" ÙباسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠ÙستÙد٠عدة
أجÙزة Ù
ختÙÙØ©. عÙÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت باÙتÙاصÙ"
+" Ù
ع صاØب اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ﻷسأÙ٠إ٠Ùا٠بإÙ
Ùا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠أ٠ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠عÙ
ÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
+"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
+"Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠رد اÙÙ
برÙ
ج عÙ٠ساخراÙØ Ø¨ÙÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙ
اÙجاÙ
عة Øرة ï»» ÙعÙ٠بضرÙرة اÙØا٠أÙ"
+" اÙÙ
ترجÙ
Ù
جاÙÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا دÙعÙ٠ﻷ٠أÙرر Ø£Ù
Ø£Ù٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد اÙÙغات ÙاﻷÙداÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
+"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
+"developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was written in, an "
+"extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-programming language. I "
+"added a C front end, and began porting it to the Motorola 68000 computer. "
+"But I had to give that up when I discovered that the compiler needed many "
+"megabytes of stack space, and the available 68000 Unix system would only "
+"allow 64k."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙت أتÙ
Ù٠أﻻ أضطر ÙÙتابة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙاÙ
ÙاÙ
بÙÙسÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù٠تØصÙÙت عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر"
+" ÙÙ
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد
اÙÙÙاعد (multiplatform)Ø ØªÙ
"
+" تطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ù
ختبر ÙÙرÙس ÙÙرÙ
Ùر. Ùا٠اÙÙ
ترجÙ
ÙدعÙ
Ùسخة Ù
Ù
تدة Ù
٠باسÙاÙØ ÙÙÙ ÙÙس"
+" اÙÙغة اÙت٠تÙ
ت Ùتابة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙس٠بÙاØ
ÙÙا٠اÙغرض Ù
ÙÙا أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùغة برÙ
جة"
+" ï»·ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙÙ. ÙÙ
ت بإضاÙØ© ÙاجÙØ© Ø£Ù
اÙ
ÙØ©
ÙÙغة س٠(C)Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ùا بدأت بترÙÙØ©"
+" اÙÙ
ترجÙ
ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ØاسÙب Ù
ÙتÙرÙÙا 68000. ÙÙ
اÙÙÙاÙØ© اضطررت ﻷ٠أÙغ٠اÙÙÙرة"
+" بÙاÙ
ÙÙا ØÙÙÙ
ا اÙتشÙت أ٠اÙÙ
ترجÙ
Ùا٠ÙØتاج
Ùعدة Ù
ÙجاباÙتات Ù
Ù Ù
ساØØ© اÙÙ
ÙراÙÙÙ
"
+" (stack space)Ø Ø¨ÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تÙÙر عÙÙ
ØاسÙب 68000 ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù64"
+" ÙÙÙÙباÙت ÙØد٠أÙص٠ÙÙ
ساØØ© اÙÙ
ÙراÙÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
+"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
+"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
+"<acronym title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</acronym>; none of the Pastel "
+"compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that "
+"I had written. But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا أدرÙت Ø£Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠بÙاÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
Ù"
+" Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بإÙشاء شجرÙØ© تعتÙ
د عÙ٠اÙبÙÙØ©
اÙترÙÙبÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخÙØ Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
"
+" بتØÙÙ٠اÙشجرÙØ© ÙسÙسÙØ© Ù
Ù “اﻷÙاÙ
ر”Ø
ÙأخÙرا٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتÙÙÙد Ù
ÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
Ø®Ø±Ø¬Ø§ØªØ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠بدÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر اÙÙ
ساØØ© اÙتخزÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
شغÙÙØ© سابÙاÙ."
+" عÙدÙ
ا ÙصÙت ÙÙذ٠اÙÙÙØ·Ø©Ø Ø£Ø¯Ø±Ùت Ø£ÙÙ٠سأضطر
ÙÙتابة Ù
ترجÙ
جدÙد Ù
٠اÙبداÙØ©Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù"
+" Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ùعر٠ÙÙÙ
ا بعد باسÙ
ج٠س٠س٠(<acronym
title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\""
+">GCC</acronym>). ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ
باستخداÙ
Ø£Ù Ø´Ùرة Ù
Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠اﻷصÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙ٠استÙدت"
+" Ù
٠اÙÙاجÙØ© اﻷÙ
اÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙغة س٠(C) اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت
بÙتابتÙا Ù
Ù ÙبÙ. ÙÙ Ùذا Øدث بعد عدة"
+" سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ٠بدأت Ø£ÙÙا٠بÙتابة برÙاÙ
ج
جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU Emacs"
+msgstr "برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
+"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
+"editing; having no interest in learning to use vi or ed, I had done my "
+"editing on other kinds of machines until then."
+msgstr ""
+"بدأت اÙعÙ
٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ù٠سبتÙ
بر
1984Ù
Ø ÙبÙ
Ø·Ùع عاÙ
1985Ù
Ùا٠Ùد"
+" تØÙÙ ÙبرÙاÙ
ج صاÙØ ÙÙاستعÙ
اÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ÙÙ
ا٠ﻷ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ساعدÙ٠ﻷتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù"
+" استخداÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس ï»·ÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر اÙÙ
ÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠راغبا٠Ù٠تعÙÙ
"
+" ÙÙÙÙØ© استخداÙ
برÙاÙ
ج Ù٠آ٠(vi) أ٠إÙد (ed)Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر Ù
ÙÙاتÙ"
+" عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© أخر٠Øت٠اÙتÙÙت Ù
Ù Ùتابة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
+"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
+"server on the MIT computer that I used. (This computer, prep.ai.mit.edu, "
+"thus became the principal GNU ftp distribution site; when it was "
+"decommissioned a few years later, we transferred the name to our new ftp "
+"server.) But at that time, many of the interested people were not on the "
+"Internet and could not get a copy by ftp. So the question was, what would I "
+"say to them?"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙÙØªØ Ùا٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ùد بدأ
باجتذاب اﻷÙØ¸Ø§Ø±Ø Ùأبد٠اÙعدÙدÙÙ"
+" رغبتÙÙ
Ù٠استخداÙ
ÙØ Ù
Ù
ا برز Ù
ع٠اÙسؤاÙ:
ÙÙ٠سأÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨Ø·Ø¨Ùعة"
+" اÙØاÙØ ÙÙ
ت بÙضع اÙبرÙاÙ
ج عÙ٠اÙÙ
خدÙ
اÙÙ
جÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
ا٠برÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙات"
+" (إ٠ت٠ب٠أ٠ftp)Ø Ø¹Ù٠جÙاز اÙØاسÙب اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت
أستخدÙ
٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس"
+" ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا. (Ùذا اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø ÙعÙÙاÙÙ
prep.ai.mit.eduØ Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø£ÙÙ Ù
خدÙ
إ٠ت٠بÙ"
+" ÙستخدÙ
Ù ÙتÙزÙع ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. استÙ
ر Ùذا Øت٠تÙ
Ø¥ÙÙا٠اÙجÙاز ع٠اÙخدÙ
Ø© بعدÙا"
+" بسÙÙØ§ØªØ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتØÙÙ٠اﻻسÙ
ÙÙ
خدÙ
Ø¥Ù
ت٠ب٠آخر). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙاÙت Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ"
+" اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أغÙب اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù٠باÙÙ
شرÙع Ù
تصÙÙ٠بشبÙØ© اﻻÙترÙØªØ ÙباÙتاÙÙ ÙÙ
"
+" ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙادرÙ٠عÙ٠اÙتØص٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠جÙÙ
عبر برÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙات. Ù
Ù ÙÙا"
+" برز اÙسؤا٠اÙثاÙÙ: Ù
ا اÙØ٠اÙذ٠سأخبر
Ùؤﻻء اﻷشخاص بÙØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
+"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
+"PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym "
+"title=\"Self-addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail it "
+"back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for ways "
+"to make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a tape "
+"to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a free "
+"software distribution business, the precursor of the companies that today "
+"distribute entire GNU/Linux system distributions."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
: “اعثرÙا عÙ٠صدÙÙ
ÙدÙ٠اتصا٠بشبÙØ© اﻻÙترÙتØ"
+" ÙسÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بعÙ
Ù Ùسخة ÙÙÙ
.” Ø£Ù Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
أ٠أÙع٠Ù
ا ÙعÙت٠ببرÙاÙ
ج"
+" Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس اﻷصÙ٠عÙ٠جÙاز دÙجÙتا٠PDP-10: Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
“أرسÙÙا Ø¥Ù٠شرائطÙÙ
Ø"
+" ÙÙ
ظارÙÙا٠برÙدÙØ© Ù
عÙÙÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙسÙÙ
<acronym
title=\"Self-addressed Stamped"
+" Envelope\">SASE</acronym>Ø ÙسأÙÙÙ
بإعادتÙا ÙÙÙ
برÙدÙا٠ÙعÙÙÙا برÙاÙ
ج"
+" Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس”. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùد٠ÙظÙÙØ©Ø
ÙÙÙت أبØØ« ع٠طر٠ÙجÙ٠اÙÙ
اÙ"
+" باستخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. عÙدÙا أعÙÙت
Ø£ÙÙ٠سأÙÙÙ
بإرسا٠شرÙØ· عبر اÙبرÙد ÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
Ù Ùرغب بذÙÙØ ÙÙاء رسÙ
Ù
اÙÙ ÙبÙغ 150 دÙÙار.
بÙذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
ÙÙت Ù
٠بدء Ù
شرÙع"
+" عÙ
Ù ÙتÙزÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شرÙع
اÙØ°Ù Ùبعت Ù
Ù٠اÙشرÙات اÙØدÙثة اÙتÙ"
+" تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تعددة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
+msgstr "Ù
ت٠ÙÙÙ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙÙ
Ø£ØراراÙØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
+"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
+"copy of it. For example, <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> public domain "
+"software</a> (software that is not copyrighted) is free software; but anyone "
+"can make a proprietary modified version of it. Likewise, many free programs "
+"are copyrighted but distributed under simple permissive licenses which allow "
+"proprietary modified versions."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙØ© أ٠برÙاÙ
جا٠Ù
ا Ùصدر٠صاØب٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
Øرة ï»» تعÙ٠باÙضرÙرة Ø£Ù٠سÙظ٠برÙ
جÙØ©"
+" Øرة باÙÙسبة ÙجÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ"
+" ÙØ¥Ù <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">برÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙÙ
شاع اÙعاÙ
</a> (اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙÙس عÙÙÙا
ØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©) تعتبر برÙ
جÙات٠ØرةØ"
+" غÙر Ø£Ù٠بإÙ
Ùا٠أ٠شخص تطÙÙر Ùسخة اØتÙارÙØ©
Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
ÙÙا. باÙÙ
Ø«ÙØ Ùإ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙÙÙا ØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ØºÙر
Ø£ÙÙا ÙتÙ
تÙزÙعÙا تØت رخص بسÙطة"
+" ÙÙ
تساÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙبعض بتطÙÙر Ùسخ
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
+"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
+"adopted by various computer companies. They added X to their proprietary "
+"Unix systems, in binary form only, and covered by the same nondisclosure "
+"agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙ
ثا٠اÙÙÙ
Ùذج٠ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
عرض
Ø¥Ùس (X Window System). Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
تÙ
"
+" تطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙØ§Ø Ù
Ù
Ø«Ù
تÙ
إصدار٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تØت رخصة"
+" Ù
تساÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ض اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت Øت٠ÙاÙ
ت
شرÙات اÙØÙسبة اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© باستخداÙ
"
+" اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ØÙØ« ÙاÙ
Ùا بإضاÙØ© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس
ÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙاØتÙارÙØ© اÙخاصة بÙÙ
Ø"
+" ÙتÙ
Ø°ÙÙ Ù٠اÙصÙرة اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© ÙÙØ· (أ٠بدÙÙ
تÙÙÙر Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر)Ø ÙاستÙ
ر استخداÙ
"
+" اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار ÙتغطÙØ© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس. Ùذ٠اÙÙسخ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
"
+" تÙÙ ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙت٠ÙاÙت
تدعÙ
Ùا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+"problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not "
+"freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+"users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only that "
+"they should be numerous."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
ÙعتبرÙا ÙØ°Ù Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©—ÙÙد ÙاÙÙا ÙتÙÙعÙÙ ÙØ°Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù"
+" ÙÙسعÙ٠إÙÙÙ. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠غرضÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ø¨Ù ÙÙØ·
“اÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø”Ø ÙÙا٠تعرÙÙÙÙ
"
+" ÙÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø ÙÙ “اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أÙبر عدد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ”. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ"
+" بØرÙØ© Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ùدر Ù
ا ÙاÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
بعددÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
+"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
+"program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by the "
+"distribution terms of the MIT release, you would say that X was free "
+"software. But if you measured the freedom of the average user of X, you "
+"would have to say it was proprietary software. Most X users were running "
+"the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا أد٠إÙÙ ØاÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙاÙØ¶Ø ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ÙجÙد
طرÙÙتÙÙ ÙØساب Ùسبة اÙØرÙØ© أد٠ÙÙجÙد"
+" إجابات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙسؤاÙ: “ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
Øرةؔ إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙØÙÙ
"
+" استÙادا٠عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙÙÙا اتÙاÙÙØ©
تÙزÙع Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙاØ"
+" ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠عÙدÙا Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
تÙزÙع Ø¥Ùس ÙاÙ
برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. Ø£Ù
ا ÙÙ ÙÙ
ت بØساب Ù
تÙسط"
+" اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ستضطر
ÙÙÙÙ٠بأ٠إÙس Ùا٠برÙ
جÙØ© اØتÙارÙØ©."
+" أغÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙÙا ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙسخ اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠جاءت Ù
ع"
+" Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ï»» اÙÙسخة اÙØرة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
اÙعرض
Ø¥Ùس."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
+msgstr "اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙاتÙاÙÙØ© جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
+"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+"“copyleft”.(1)"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙد٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تØصÙÙ
اÙØ´ÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ùا٠إعطاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙاÙ
Ù"
+" ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ùا٠ÙزاÙ
ا٠عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙستخدÙ
شرÙØ· تÙزÙع Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙ
Ùع تØÙÙÙ"
+" براÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙبراÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙتÙ
استخدÙ
ÙاÙا أصبØت تعر٠باسÙ
"
+" “اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©”.(1)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
+"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
+"means for keeping the program free."
+msgstr ""
+"طرÙÙØ© اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© تستخدÙ
ÙÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙÙبÙا رأسا٠عÙÙ"
+" عÙØ¨Ø ÙتخدÙ
اÙغرض اÙÙ
عاÙس ÙÙغرض اÙعادÙ:
بدÙا٠ع٠استخداÙ
ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد"
+" برÙاÙ
ج Ù
Ø§Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙØÙÙÙ ÙسÙÙØ© Ùجع٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ØراÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
+"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
+"versions—but not permission to add restrictions of their own. Thus, "
+"the crucial freedoms that define “free software” are guaranteed "
+"to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙÙرة اﻷساسÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ
إعطاء اÙجÙ
Ùع رخصة ÙتشغÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
جØ"
+" Ùسخ اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØªØ¹Ø¯Ù٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙشر اÙÙسخ
اÙÙ
عدÙØ©—إﻻ Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠غÙر اÙÙ
سÙ
ÙØ"
+" إضاÙØ© ÙÙÙد جدÙدة عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. باÙتاÙÙØ
Ùإ٠اÙØرÙات اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
تعرÙÙ"
+" “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” عبرÙØ§Ø ØªØ¹ØªØ¨Ø± ØÙاÙ
Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙ Ùرد ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙسخةÙ"
+" Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠دائÙ
Ø© ÙغÙر ÙابÙØ© ÙÙÙ
صادرة أ٠اÙتØÙÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
+"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
+"published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to "
+"improve GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from "
+"saying, “You can't share those changes, because we are going to use "
+"them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Øت٠تÙØ¬Ø ÙÙرة اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تÙÙÙ
اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
ا Øرة"
+" Ø£ÙضاÙ. Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© تضÙ
٠أ٠أ٠عÙ
Ù ÙتÙ
تطÙÙر٠بÙاء٠عÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ Ù
تÙÙراÙ"
+" ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا Øا٠ÙشرÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙشغÙÙÙ Ùظائ٠برÙ
جة Ù٠شرÙاتÙÙ
"
+" باÙتطÙع ÙتطÙÙر ÙتØسÙ٠برÙ
جÙات جÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ا ÙÙ
Ùع شرÙاتÙÙ
Ù
Ù"
+" اÙÙÙÙ: “ÙÙ
Ùع عÙÙÙÙ
Ù
شارÙØ© ÙØ°Ù
اÙتØسÙÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
"
+" باستخداÙ
Ùا ÙتطÙÙر ÙسختÙا اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
+"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
+"Window System usually made some changes to port it to their systems and "
+"hardware. These changes were small compared with the great extent of X, but "
+"they were not trivial. If making changes were an excuse to deny the users "
+"freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
+msgstr ""
+"Øت٠ÙضÙ
Ù ØرÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرد ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠Ù
اØ
Ùا بد Ù
٠اÙتأÙÙد عÙ٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙ٠عÙÙ"
+" اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØر Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ Øرا٠أÙضاÙ. Ø¥Ù
اÙشرÙات اÙت٠ÙاÙ
ت بخصخصة ÙظاÙ
عرض"
+" Ø¥Ùس غاÙبا٠Ù
ا ÙاÙت تÙÙÙ
بإجراء بعض
اÙتعدÙÙات Øت٠تتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠ترÙÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج"
+" ÙÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع Ø£ÙظÙ
تÙÙ
ÙÙ
عداتÙÙ
. ÙرغÙ
Ø£Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙتعدÙÙات ÙاÙت صغÙرة باÙÙ
ÙارÙØ© Ù
ع"
+" ØجÙ
ÙضخاÙ
Ø© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ
تغÙÙرات تاÙÙØ©. إذا Ùا٠إجراء"
+" اÙتغÙÙرات عذرا٠ÙاÙÙا٠ÙØرÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
Ù
Ù ØرÙاتÙÙ
Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
٠اÙسÙ٠عÙÙ"
+" ÙائÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùا٠أ٠Ùستغ٠Ùذا اÙعذر ÙÙ
صÙØتÙ
اÙشخصÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
+"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
+"the nonfree part would be lacking for the whole as well. To permit such "
+"combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. Therefore, a "
+"crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: anything added to or "
+"combined with a copylefted program must be such that the larger combined "
+"version is also free and copylefted."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© تتعÙ٠بدÙ
ج برÙاÙ
ج Øر Ù
ع
Ø´Ùرة غÙر Øرة. Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذا اÙدÙ
ج ÙتÙجتÙ"
+" دائÙ
ا٠Ù
ا تÙÙ٠برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر ØØ±Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ù
ØرÙØ© غائبة ع٠اÙجزء غÙر اÙØر سÙ٠تÙÙÙ"
+" غائبة ع٠اÙÙ٠اÙÙ
دÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ. اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù
Ø«Ù
Ùذا اÙدÙ
ج ستÙتج عÙ٠عÙاÙب ÙØ®ÙÙ
Ø©Ø"
+" ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
٠أÙÙ
اÙأشÙاء اÙت٠تÙÙرÙا
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرصة تÙاÙÙ ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠عبر اشتراط أ٠أ٠شئ ÙتÙ
دÙ
جÙ
أ٠إضاÙت٠ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©"
+" Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙتج عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙØ°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©
Ø£ÙضاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
+"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
+"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
+"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU GPL) تعد Ø£Ùثر تطبÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù٠ترخÙص براÙ
ج جÙÙØ"
+" Ù
ع اÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙجÙد رخص ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© أخر٠ÙتÙ
استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
Ø«ÙاÙ"
+" ÙتÙ
ترخÙص ÙتÙبات جÙ٠باستخداÙ
رخصة ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø³Ø·Ø©Ø Ùظرا٠ﻷ٠رخصة جÙÙ"
+" اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùثر تعÙÙدا٠Ù
Ù
ا تØتاجÙ
اÙÙتÙبات.(2)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
+"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
+"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
+"the time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984 Ø£Ù 1985Ø ÙÙ
ت باستÙاÙ
برÙد Ù
رسÙ
Ù
٠دÙÙ ÙÙبÙÙز (ÙÙ٠شخص Ø°Ù"
+" Ø®Ùا٠Ùاسع). Ùا٠اÙÙ
ظرÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠عدة Ùتابات Ù
سÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù: “جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
ترÙÙØ©”. ÙÙت استخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©” ÙÙدÙاÙØ© عÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙت."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) ÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">رخصة
جÙÙ ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة<"
+"/a> ÙترخÙص اÙÙثائÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
+"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
+"The <acronym title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> also took over "
+"the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
+"free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free "
+"manuals as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùا٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
ببرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس Ù
تزاÙداÙØ Ù
Ù
ا
Ùتج عÙ٠زÙادة عدد اﻷشخاص اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ"
+" باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙررÙا Ø£ÙÙ
Ùد Øا٠اÙÙÙت ÙÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
صادر تÙ
ÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
رة أخرÙØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠إÙشاء <a
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة</a> (FSF)Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© Ø®ÙرÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙØ¶Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø¨Ø ØªÙعÙÙ٠بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة. Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªÙÙت <acronym title=\"Free
Software Foundation\">Ù
ؤسسة"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</acronym> Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© تÙزÙع أشرطة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙسعت ÙتÙ
ت إضاÙØ©"
+" برÙ
جÙات Øرة أخر٠(بعضÙا Ù
٠جÙÙ ÙاÙبعض Ù
Ù
جÙات أخرÙ) ÙÙØ´Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø·Ø ÙÙ
ا أصبØت تبÙع"
+" اÙÙتÙبات اÙØرة Ø£ÙضاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
+"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
+"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
+"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
+"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙت تÙتسب أغÙب
دخÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
بÙعات Ùسخ اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ"
+" باﻹضاÙØ© ÙخدÙ
ات أخر٠Ù
تعÙÙØ© بذÙÙ (Ù
بÙعات
اÙشرائط اÙÙ
ضغÙطة اÙت٠تØتÙ٠عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة"
+" اÙÙ
صدر أ٠اÙصÙغة اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© ÙبراÙ
جÙاØ
ÙاÙÙتÙبات اÙÙ
طبÙعة بصÙرة Ø¬Ø°Ø§Ø¨Ø©Ø Ù
ع تأÙÙد"
+" ØرÙØ© اÙتعدÙÙ Ùإعادة اÙÙشر ÙÙجÙ
Ùع). Ù
صدر
دخ٠آخر Ùا٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙاخرة (ÙÙÙ"
+" اÙÙسخ اÙت٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتجÙ
ÙعÙا خصÙصا٠ÙتÙائÙ
بÙئة اÙزبÙ٠اÙØاسÙبÙØ©). اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ï»» زاÙت"
+" Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";>تÙÙÙ
ببÙع اÙÙتÙبات"
+" Ùبعض اÙÙ
عدات اﻷخرÙ</a>Ø Ø¥ï»» أ٠أغÙبÙØ© اÙتÙ
ÙÙ٠صارت تأت٠Ù
٠اشتراÙات اﻷعضاء."
+" ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضÙ
ÙÙÙ
ؤسسة <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>باÙاشترا٠عبر Ùذا"
+" اÙرابط</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
+"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
+"The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses "
+"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
+"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
+"systems is <acronym title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>, the Bourne "
+"Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙ
Ùا بÙتابة
ÙتطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù ØزÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙخاصة"
+" بجÙÙØ ÙاÙت٠ÙØ°Ùر Ù
ÙÙا Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر. Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة س٠اÙخاصة"
+" بجÙÙ Ù٠اÙØزÙ
Ø© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙت٠تستخدÙ
Ùا ÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø©"
+" جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ØÙÙÙ
ا تتÙاص٠Ù
ع ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
(ÙÙÙÙس). Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙرÙا Ø£Øد"
+" Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙسÙد
رÙÙاÙد Ù
اÙجراث. Ø£Ù
ا Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر"
+" اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
عÙ٠أغÙبÙØ© Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙÙ
باش (<acronym title=\"Bourne Again"
+" Shell\">BASH</acronym>)Ø ÙÙ٠اختصار ÙÙجÙ
ÙØ©
اﻹÙجÙÙزÙØ© (اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ°"
+" Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙرÙ) (1). Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙر٠Ù
Ùظ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة براÙا٠ÙÙÙس."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
+"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
+"system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙد ÙÙ
Ùا بتÙ
ÙÙ٠تطÙÙر Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ببساطة
ï»·Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ØÙر ØÙÙ"
+" اﻷدÙات أ٠بÙئة اÙتطÙÙر ÙÙØ·Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
ÙدÙÙا تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج ÙاÙت خطÙØ© أساسÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ ÙÙذا
اÙÙدÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) اسÙ
“اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر
بÙرٔ ÙÙ Ùعب عÙ٠اﻹسÙ
"
+" اﻷصÙÙØ “Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙØ±Ù”Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
عتÙ
د عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø©"
+" ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free software support"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
+"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
+"users' freedom, we wish them success."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù ÙÙسÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ترÙض اÙتجارة
باÙبرÙ
جÙات عÙÙ Ùطا٠ÙØ§Ø³Ø¹Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ ÙÙس"
+" اÙÙÙت ï»» ترÙض ÙÙرة اÙتجارة بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
أصØاب اﻷعÙ
ا٠باØتراÙ
ØرÙØ©"
+" اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ØÙÙÙا ÙتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø Ùï»» شئ
غÙرÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
+"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
+"living. I found it in selling services relating to the free software I had "
+"developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as how to program GNU "
+"Emacs and how to customize GCC, and software development, mostly porting GCC "
+"to new platforms."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا ببÙع Ùسخ Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙاÙ
Ùذا ÙÙعا٠Ù
٠أÙÙاع اÙتجارة اÙÙ
عتÙ
دة"
+" عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙت Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùذ٠اÙØªØ¬Ø§Ø±Ø©Ø ÙاÙ"
+" عÙ٠أ٠أجد طرÙÙة٠أخر٠ÙÙسب ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙعÙØ´Ø
ÙÙد Ùجدت اÙØÙ Ù٠بÙع اÙخدÙ
ات"
+" اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت
بتطÙÙرÙا. Ùذ٠اÙخدÙ
ات ÙاÙت تشÙ
٠اÙتعÙÙÙ
"
+" ÙاÙتثÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ÙاضÙع Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
ببرÙ
جة جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتخصÙص"
+" Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ (GCC)Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙ
اÙØ®Ø§ØµØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بترÙÙØ© Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع"
+" جÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
+"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
+"others sell support at levels ranging from answering user questions, to "
+"fixing bugs, to adding major new features. We are even beginning to see "
+"free software companies based on launching new free software products."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙÙÙ
تÙÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات بÙ
Ù
ارسة
Ø£ÙÙاع Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠تجارة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+" اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة سابÙاÙ. بعضÙا تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع Ù
جÙ
Ùعات Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙ٠أÙراص"
+" Ù
ضغÙطة. بÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبعض اﻵخر ببÙع خدÙ
ات
اÙدعÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠تتعدد Ù
ستÙÙاتÙا Ù
Ù"
+" اﻹجابة عÙ٠أسئÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ï»¹ØµÙاØ
أخطاء اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ù
Ùزات Ùخصائص جدÙدة"
+" ÙÙبراÙ
ج. Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙد تطÙر اﻷÙ
ر ØتÙ
صرÙا Ùر٠شرÙات برÙ
جÙات ÙاÙ
ÙØ© ÙتÙ
"
+" Ø¥ÙشاؤÙا ÙتÙÙÙ
ببÙع برÙ
جÙاتÙا اÙØرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
+"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
+"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
+"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
+"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
+"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
+"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙبغ٠أخذ اÙØÙطة ÙاÙØذر—ÙاÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙشرÙات اÙت٠Ùرتبط اسÙ
Ùا بÙÙظ"
+" “اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (open source)” ÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙØÙÙÙØ© شرÙات تعتÙ
د ÙÙ"
+" عÙ
ÙÙا عÙ٠براÙ
ج غÙر ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ختÙطة ببراÙ
ج
Øرة. Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙشرÙات ï»» تعتبر شرÙات"
+" براÙ
ج ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠شرÙات براÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©
تستخدÙ
Ù
ÙتجاتÙا Ùتغر٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ"
+" ÙتجذبÙÙ
بعÙدا٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج
ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا Ø£ØÙاÙاÙ: “ØزÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø©"
+" اÙÙ
ضاÙØ©”. Ùذا اÙÙÙظ ÙرÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
اÙتÙ
ÙرÙدÙÙ Ù
Ùا Ø£Ù ÙتبÙاÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ"
+" اÙسÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© Ùب٠اÙØرÙØ©. إذا ÙÙا
ÙÙدر ØرÙتÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
٠أ٠شئ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا"
+" سÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙÙ
“ØزÙ
اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Technical goals"
+msgstr "اﻷÙدا٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
شرÙع"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
+"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
+"users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠اÙÙد٠اﻷساس٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ù٠تطÙÙر
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Øت٠إ٠Ùا٠جÙÙ"
+" ÙÙتÙر ÙÙ
Ùزات تÙÙÙØ© تجعÙ٠أÙض٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙÙسØ
Ùإ٠جÙ٠سÙظ٠صاØب اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اعÙØ©Ø"
+" ï»·ÙÙ ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠باÙتعاÙÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù ÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻷخÙاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
ØرÙØ©"
+" اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
+"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
+"arbitrary fixed size limits, and handling all the possible 8-bit codes "
+"wherever that made sense."
+msgstr ""
+"رغÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙطبÙع٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙÙ Ù
عاÙÙر اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة اÙجÙدة عÙÙ"
+" عÙ
ÙÙا—عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ØªØ®ØµÙص ÙÙاÙÙ
اÙبÙاÙات Ù٠اÙذاÙرة بصÙرة دÙÙاÙ
ÙÙÙØ©"
+" ÙØسب اÙØÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙتج عÙ٠تÙاÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©
اﻷØجاÙ
اÙثابتة ÙاÙت٠Ùد ï»» تÙÙÙ Ù
عرÙÙØ©"
+" Ù
سبÙاÙ. Ù
ثا٠آخر ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠استخداÙ
جÙ
Ùع
Ø£ÙÙاع اÙØ´Ùرات ذات 8 بت Ù٠اÙØاÙات اÙتÙ"
+" Ùا٠ÙÙÙا Ùذا اﻻستخداÙ
Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
+"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
+"the norm by the time the GNU system was finished), and to make no effort to "
+"reduce memory usage unless it exceeded a megabyte. In programs for which "
+"handling very large files was not crucial, we encouraged programmers to read "
+"an entire input file into core, then scan its contents without having to "
+"worry about I/O."
+msgstr ""
+"باﻹضاÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙد رÙضÙا طرÙÙØ© ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
اÙترÙÙز عÙ٠اﻻستخداÙ
اÙÙ
ÙØ®Ùض ÙÙذاÙرةØ"
+" ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا عدÙ
دعÙ
اﻷجÙزة اÙتÙ
تتÙÙ٠بÙÙتÙا Ù
Ù 16 بت (Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙاضØ"
+" باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا أ٠اﻷجÙزة ذات اÙبÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù 32 بت سÙÙ ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ùئا٠عادÙاÙ"
+" ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتÙÙ Ù
٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ)Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا
عدÙ
بذ٠Ù
جÙÙد Ù٠تخÙÙض استخداÙ
"
+" اÙذاÙرة إﻻ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتجاÙز 1 Ù
ÙجاباÙت.
باÙÙسبة ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تØتاج"
+" ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ù
ÙÙات بÙاÙات ÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙا Ùشجع
اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بÙتابة براÙ
جÙÙ
"
+" بØÙØ« تÙÙÙ
بÙراءة اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠ÙاÙ
Ùا٠إÙÙ
ذاÙرة اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج"
+" باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
ØتÙÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
٠دÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙر
Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙات اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج (I/O)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
+"in reliability and speed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذ٠اÙÙرارات Ùا٠ÙÙا باÙغ اﻷثر Ù٠جعÙ
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠براÙ
ج جÙ٠تتÙ
Ùز ع٠Ù
Ø«ÙÙاتÙا"
+" ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙ٠باÙسرعة ÙدÙØ©
اﻷداء."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Donated computers"
+msgstr "أجÙزة اÙØاسÙب اÙÙ
تبرع بÙا"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
+"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
+"easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix system, and "
+"replace the components of that system one by one. But they raised an "
+"ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت سÙ
عة Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠باÙتزاÙØ¯Ø ØµØ§Ø±
اÙÙاس ÙتبرعÙ٠بأجÙزة ØÙاسÙب تعÙ
٠عÙÙ"
+" ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
شرÙع. Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ø³Ù٠طرÙÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر"
+" ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙاÙت باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ØÙØ«
ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باستبدا٠Ù
ÙÙÙات اÙÙظاÙ
"
+" ÙاØدا٠تÙ٠اﻵخر. ÙÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة جÙبت Ù
عÙا سؤاÙا٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙ
اÙ: ÙÙ ÙجÙز"
+" ÙÙا بداÙة٠أ٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙسØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
+"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
+"reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is "
+"justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary package "
+"when that was crucial for developing a free replacement that would help "
+"others stop using the proprietary package."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠(Ùï»» ÙزاÙ) برÙاÙ
جاÙ
اØتÙارÙاÙØ ÙÙÙسÙØ© Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تÙÙ٠بÙضÙØ"
+" Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙستخدÙ
أ٠برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠Ù
ÙÙ
ا
ÙاÙ. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù"
+" اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙد٠ﻷ٠استخداÙ
اÙعÙÙ ÙÙ ØاÙات
اÙدÙاع ع٠اÙÙÙس ÙÙ ØÙ Ù
شرÙØ¹Ø ØÙÙÙا ستصÙ"
+" ÙÙÙتÙجة اÙت٠ÙصÙت Ø¥ÙÙÙا Ø£Ùا Ù
Ù ÙبÙØ ÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ù٠أ٠تستخدÙ
ØزÙ
Ø©"
+" اØتÙارÙØ© ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا Ø£Ù
را٠ØاسÙ
اÙ
سÙساعد٠Ù٠تطÙÙر بدÙÙ Øر ÙÙذ٠اÙØزÙ
Ø©Ø"
+" Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد اÙآخرÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
اÙØزÙ
Ø© اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا باستخداÙ
"
+" اÙبدÙ٠اÙØر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
+"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
+"operating systems. If we could not replace a machine's operating system "
+"with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙÙ Øت٠ÙÙ ÙجدÙا Ù
ÙØ·Ùا٠Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙشرØ
ÙØ¥ÙÙ ï»» Ùزا٠شراÙ. اﻵ٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا Ø£Ù"
+" Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùا
باستبداÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا٠بأÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة."
+" ØÙÙÙ
ا عجزÙا ع٠استبدا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙاز٠Ù
ا بآخر ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
Ùا باستبدا٠اÙجÙاز"
+" ÙÙسÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Task List"
+msgstr "ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
+"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
+"remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing "
+"pieces. This list became known as the GNU Task List. In addition to "
+"missing Unix components, we listed various other useful software and "
+"documentation projects that, we thought, a truly complete system ought to "
+"have."
+msgstr ""
+"بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªØ·Ùر Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ùزاد عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙرÙا ÙإضاÙتÙا"
+" ÙÙÙظاÙ
. Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙجدÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙد ÙÙا
Ø£Ù Ùضع ÙائÙ
Ø© باﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة"
+" ÙتساعدÙا Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙا. Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة
ØÙÙÙ
ا اØتجÙا ÙتجÙÙد Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ"
+" ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر اﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
.
بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ Ø£ØµØ¨Øت Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø© تعرÙ"
+" بÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. ÙاÙت اÙÙائÙ
Ø© تØÙÙØ
باﻹضاÙØ© ﻷجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة ÙÙ"
+" جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù
جا٠ÙÙثائÙا٠أخر٠أØسسÙا Ø£ÙÙا
جزء أساس٠ﻷ٠ÙظاÙ
ÙرÙد Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
اÙ"
+" Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task "
+"List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But "
+"the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙÙÙ
(1) زاÙت أغÙب أجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة Ù
Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
جÙٗجÙ
Ùع ÙØ°Ù"
+" اﻷجزاء تÙ
ت إضاÙتÙا ÙجÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙÙÙÙÙ
جدا٠Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙثاÙÙÙØ©. ï»» زاÙت"
+" اÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙÙئة باÙÙ
شارÙع اÙت٠ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا
اÙبعض “تطبÙÙات”. إ٠أÙ"
+" برÙاÙ
ج Ùجتذب Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعة صغÙرة Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùعتبر إضاÙØ© Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙظاÙ
"
+" اÙتشغÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
+"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
+"compatibility was not an issue for games, so we did not follow the list of "
+"games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of different kinds of "
+"games that users might like."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
تØتÙÙ Øت٠عÙ٠أÙعاب—ÙÙد
ÙاÙت ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
ÙØ° اÙبداÙØ©. بÙ
ا Ø£Ù"
+" ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠ÙØتÙ٠عÙ٠أÙØ¹Ø§Ø¨Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙطبÙعÙ
Ùا٠أ٠ÙØتÙ٠جÙ٠عÙ٠أÙعاب Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙ
"
+" ÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙتÙاÙ٠بÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙ ÙØ´ÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙتÙ
بÙائÙ
Ø© اﻷÙعاب اÙتÙ"
+" اØتÙ٠عÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙس. بدÙا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ ÙÙ
Ùا
بإدراج Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اﻷÙعاب اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© اÙتÙ"
+" اعتÙدÙا أ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠سÙÙ ÙØبÙÙÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
+"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ùا٠Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
. Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
ÙÙ
تعد
ÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ا"
+" Ù٠اÙسابÙ. إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+" بسرعة Ø£Ùبر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
تابعتÙا
ÙتسجÙÙÙا. ÙÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تÙÙ"
+" اÙÙائÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© ÙصÙرة
باÙÙ
شارÙع ذات اﻷÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙصÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ©"
+" ÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùصر Ù
ÙÙا تØتÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙع اÙتÙ
Ùرغب بتشجÙع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا"
+" بتطÙÙرÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
+msgstr "رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU Library GPL)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) اÙتابعة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ
تستخدÙ
ÙÙعا٠خاصا٠Ù
٠رخص اÙØÙÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© (1)Ø ÙاÙت٠تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø±Ø¨Ø· اÙبراÙ
ج"
+" اﻻØتÙارÙØ© باÙÙ
Ùتبة. ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙ
Ùا بÙذا
اﻻستثÙاءØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
+"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
+"project predicated on refusing to share with us?) Using the LGPL for the C "
+"library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙ
سأÙØ© ÙÙست Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ Ùا ÙجÙد ÙÙÙ
بدأ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙ٠أ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تÙ
تÙ٠اÙØÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
Ø´ÙرتÙا
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©. (ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ"
+" Ù
شرÙع ÙعÙÙ
سÙÙا٠أÙ٠سÙرÙض اÙتعاÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
عÙاØ) إ٠استخداÙ
اÙرخصة اÙخاصة"
+" ÙÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ÙÙ ØرÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ© بØتة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
+"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
+"software would not have given free software any advantage—it would "
+"only have discouraged use of our library."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù ÙظÙÙØ© Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠تعتبر ÙظÙÙØ© عاÙ
Ø©Ø ï»·Ù
Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
اØتÙار٠أ٠Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ø´Ùرة"
+" ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ. ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙØ٠إÙ
ÙÙا سÙجع٠Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠Ù
تÙÙرة ØصراÙ"
+" عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùتعط٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù"
+" Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©—عÙ٠اÙعÙس تÙ
اÙ
اÙØ ÙاÙت ÙØ°Ù
اÙخطÙØ© ستثبط Ù
Ù ÙرغبÙ٠باستخداÙ
"
+" Ù
ÙتبتÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
+"GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution "
+"terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a "
+"proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to allow "
+"proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it seems that "
+"disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU system than to "
+"encourage development of free applications. That is why using the Library "
+"GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙاØد ÙØ´Ù٠استثÙاءا٠ÙÙÙاعدةØ
ÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس)Ø ØÙØ«"
+" Ø£Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠اÙخاصة بجÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة
س٠اÙÙØÙدة عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
. باÙتاÙÙ"
+" Ùإ٠شرÙØ· اÙتÙزÙع اÙخاصة بÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
ستØدد Ù
ا إذا Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠تجÙ
Ùع"
+" برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ù
Ùا٠أ٠ÙعÙ
Ù
عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠عدÙ
ÙجÙد"
+" سبب أخÙاÙÙ ÙجعÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙاØتÙارÙØ© عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ ÙبدÙØ Ù
Ù"
+" ÙاØÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù Ù
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
Ù
اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ Ù٠أثر"
+" سÙبÙØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£Ù٠سÙثبط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø¯Ùا٠ع٠أ٠Ùشجع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙتطÙÙر"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة. ÙÙذ٠اﻷسباب Ùإ٠استخداÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù٠خطÙØ©"
+" استراتÙجÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ا Ùخص Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a "
+"case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
+"certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, limiting it to "
+"free programs only, is a way of helping other free software developers, "
+"giving them an advantage against proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙÙغات اﻷخرÙØ Ùإ٠اÙÙرار
اﻻستراتÙج٠Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
اتخاذ٠ÙÙÙ"
+" ØاÙØ© عÙÙ Øدة. ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
بأداء ÙظÙÙØ© خاصة تجعÙÙا Ù
ÙÙدة"
+" ÙÙتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ØÙÙÙا ÙÙÙ٠ترخÙصÙا
باستخداÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GPL) Ù
ÙÙ
اÙØ"
+" ØÙØ« Ø£Ù Ùذا سÙØصر استخداÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙØ·Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد"
+" Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙعطÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ© ضد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
+"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
+"Library GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is used, but "
+"that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application has been "
+"made free software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is a real "
+"gain for the community."
+msgstr ""
+"عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة رÙدÙاÙÙ (GNU
Readline)Ø ÙاÙت٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتÙÙر"
+" خدÙ
ات تØرÙر سطÙر اﻷÙاÙ
ر ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش
(BASH)Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة Ù
رخصة باستخداÙ
"
+" رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙعادÙØ© (GNU GPL)Ø ÙÙÙس
باستخداÙ
رخصة اÙÙ
Ùتبة (Library GPL)."
+" Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø³Ùؤثر سÙبا٠عÙ٠عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تستخدÙ
رÙدÙاÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù"
+" Ùذا ï»» Ùعتبر خسارة باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا. ÙÙ ÙÙس
اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙا٠براÙ
ج Ù
ÙÙد ÙاØد عÙ٠اﻷÙÙ"
+" تÙ
تطÙÙر٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تستخدÙ
Ù
Ùتبة
رÙدÙاÙÙØ ÙÙذا ÙØ¬Ø§Ø ØÙÙÙ٠باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
جتÙ
ع"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
+"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
+"we will have a large collection of GPL-covered libraries that have no "
+"parallel available to proprietary software, providing useful modules to "
+"serve as building blocks in new free software, and adding up to a major "
+"advantage for further free software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙدÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©
اÙÙ
اÙØ Ø£Ù
ا Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
+" ÙعÙÙÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙصÙعÙا Ø£ÙضÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙبعضÙÙ
اÙبعض.
أتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ù
٠اﻷÙاÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا"
+" Ù
جÙ
Ùعة ضخÙ
Ø© Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙÙ
رخصة
برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا"
+" Ù
Ø«ÙÙ Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©. Ù
Ø«Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
Ùتبات ستÙÙر ÙØدات اÙبÙاء"
+" اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ستساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ع اÙÙÙت ستتراÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© بØÙØ«"
+" ÙÙ
Ù٠تطÙÙر براÙ
ج Øرة Ø£Ùثر ÙØ£Ùثر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL "
+"for your next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ùذ٠اÙرخصة تعر٠اÙآ٠برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
اÙÙ
ØµØºØ±Ø©Ø Øت٠ﻻ Ùعط٠اﻻÙطباع بأÙ"
+" جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Ùجب أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙØ°Ù
اÙرخصة. ÙÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙتÙاصÙÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ"
+" اﻻصطÙاع عÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب أﻻ"
+" تستخدÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
صغرة ÙترخÙص Ù
Ùتبت٠اÙÙادÙ
Ø©</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Scratching an itch?"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠تÙبÙØ© اÙÙ
تطÙبات (أ٠خدش
اÙØÙØ©)Ø"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
+"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
+"but many essential pieces of GNU software were developed in order to have a "
+"complete free operating system. They come from a vision and a plan, not "
+"from impulse."
+msgstr ""
+"إرÙ٠راÙÙ
ÙÙد Ùا٠“إ٠أ٠عÙ
٠برÙ
ج٠جÙد
Ùبدأ Ù
٠خدش اÙÙ
برÙ
ج ÙØÙتÙ"
+" اÙخاصة.” ربÙ
ا Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا ÙØدث Ù٠بعض
اﻷØÙاÙØ ÙÙÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© أ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù"
+" أجزاء جÙ٠اﻷساسÙØ© تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج جاءت ÙتÙجة رؤÙØ© Ùخطة استراتÙجÙØ©Ø
ï»» ÙتÙجة اÙدÙاع ÙØظÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
+"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
+"because a Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own "
+"programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
Ø«ÙاÙØ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
اÙخاصة بجÙÙØ Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شابÙ"
+" ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة سÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ø·ÙرÙا Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش (BASH)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ï»·Ù"
+" Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
Ù
شاب٠ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج"
+" اﻷرشÙØ© تار (GNU tar)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شاب٠ÙÙÙÙÙس Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠عÙÙ"
+" برÙاÙ
ج أرشÙØ©. ÙÙس Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙطب٠عÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت بتطÙÙرÙا"
+" شخصÙاٗÙ
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ùغة س٠(GNU C compiler)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)Ø"
+" ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØ Ø§ÙØ´Ùرة (GDB)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻹÙشاء (GNU Make)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
+"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
+"been lost to the community because of the <acronym "
+"title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym> patents. We found people to "
+"develop LessTif, and more recently started <acronym title=\"GNU Network "
+"Object Model Environment\">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the "
+"problems caused by certain proprietary libraries (see below). We are "
+"developing the GNU Privacy Guard to replace popular nonfree encryption "
+"software, because users should not have to choose between privacy and "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"بعض براÙ
ج جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتتجاÙب Ù
ع بعض
اÙتÙدÙدات اÙت٠ÙاÙت تÙاج٠ØرÙاتÙا."
+" ÙÙ
Ø«Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج ضغط اÙÙ
ÙÙات (gzip)
ÙÙØÙ Ù
Ø٠برÙاÙ
ج اÙضغط اÙخاص"
+" بÙÙÙÙس (Compress)Ø ÙاÙذ٠اÙتسب٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بسبب Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© براءة اختراع Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©"
+" ÙÙ
بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ (<acronym
title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym> ). شاÙدÙا"
+" اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر بÙئة برÙ
جة ÙستÙ٠اÙرسÙÙ
ÙØ© (LessTif)Ø ÙÙ
ا"
+" شاÙدÙا تطÙر بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
(<acronym
title=\"GNU Network Object Model"
+" Environment\">GNOME</acronym>)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)Ø
ÙاÙت٠Ùتجت جÙ
ÙعÙا"
+" Ù
٠اÙرغبة ÙÙ Ø٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا Ù
Ùتبات برÙ
جÙØ© اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© (اÙظر"
+" أدÙاÙ). ÙØ٠اﻵ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙØÙ
اÙØ© اÙخصÙصÙØ© (GNU Privacy Guard)"
+" ÙÙÙ ÙØÙ Ù
ØÙ ÙظÙر٠Ù
٠براÙ
ج اÙتشÙÙر
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ï»¹ÙÙ
اÙÙا بأ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»» Ùجب"
+" Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
تخÙÙرÙÙ
بÙ٠خصÙصÙتÙÙ
ÙØرÙتÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
+"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
+"own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
+msgstr ""
+"باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø Ùإ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙ٠ع٠Ùتابة
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج أصبØÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
Ù٠باÙعÙ
ÙØ"
+" ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙ
ت إضاÙØ© اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙخصائص Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
أشخاص آخرÙÙØ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
"
+" ÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
اتÙÙ
. إﻻ Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙس اÙسبب اÙØ°Ù
ÙÙتÙبÙت Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
٠أجÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
"
+" اﻷÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Unexpected developments"
+msgstr "تطÙرات غÙر Ù
تÙÙعة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
+"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠بداÙØ© إطÙا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙت أتخÙ٠أÙÙا
سÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ÙÙ
Ù"
+" Ø«Ù
سÙÙÙÙ
بإطÙا٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙسÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
+"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
+"existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began extending "
+"them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions of Unix, "
+"and sometimes to other systems as well."
+msgstr ""
+"بÙ
ا أ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ÙÙÙات ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا عÙÙ
ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ùإ٠جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙات"
+" ÙاÙت تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس Ùب٠أÙ
ÙÙتÙ
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠بÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ©. بعض ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ Ùبدأ اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙسÙع اÙبراÙ
ج ÙترÙÙتÙا ÙتعÙ
٠عÙÙ"
+" Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرٗÙ
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع"
+" بعضÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ùبعض Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اﻷخرÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
+"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
+"completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU developers' "
+"time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features to the "
+"existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing component "
+"after another."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© جعÙت بعض اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ا
ÙاÙØªØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙا اجتذبت اÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ"
+" ÙاÙÙ
تطÙعÙÙ ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ. Ù
٠اÙÙاØÙØ© اﻷخرÙØ
ÙØ¥Ù Ùذا Ùد أد٠ÙتأخÙر اÙتÙ
ا٠ÙظاÙ
"
+" اÙتشغÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ï»·Ù Ù
Ø·Ùر٠جÙ٠أصبØÙا
ÙÙضÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙ
Ù٠صÙاÙØ© Ùسخ اÙبراÙ
ج"
+" اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙإضاÙØ© Ù
Ùزات جدÙدة ÙÙذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
بÙتابة اﻷجزاء"
+" اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU Hurd"
+msgstr "ÙÙاة ÙÙرد (The GNU Hurd)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
+"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
+"collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a "
+"microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the "
+"University of Utah; the GNU Hurd is a collection of servers (i.e., a herd of "
+"GNUs) that run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel. "
+"The start of development was delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as "
+"free software, as had been promised."
+msgstr ""
+"بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1990Ù
Ø Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ùد شار٠عÙÙ
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙجزء اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدØ"
+" ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. ÙÙا Ùد ÙررÙا تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
اÙخاصة بÙا ÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù"
+" اÙعÙ
ÙÙات اÙخدÙ
ÙØ© (server processes) اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
رأس ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠(Mach). ÙÙاة"
+" Ù
ا٠اÙÙ
صغرة (microkernel) ÙÙ ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Ù٠جاÙ
عة ÙارÙÙج٠Ù
ÙÙÙÙ"
+" (Carnegie Mellon University) بداÙØ©ÙØ Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ù٠جاÙ
عة
ÙÙتا٠(University of"
+" Utah). ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات (ÙÙ
Ù
Ø«Ù
جاء اﻻسÙ
Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù ÙÙرد Ù
عÙاÙا"
+" باﻻÙجÙÙزÙØ© اÙÙØ·Ùع) ÙاÙت٠ستعÙ
٠عÙ٠رأس
ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ØÙØ« ستÙÙÙ
بعÙ
Ù ÙاÙØ© اÙÙظائÙ"
+" اÙت٠تÙÙÙ
بÙا ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس. تأخر تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙتظر إطÙاÙ"
+" ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠اÙشئ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙا
Ùد ÙÙعدÙا بÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
+"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
+"debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in "
+"Mach, and we expected to debug the Hurd servers as user programs, with GDB. "
+"But it took a long time to make that possible, and the multithreaded servers "
+"that send messages to each other have turned out to be very hard to debug. "
+"Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
٠أسباب اختÙارÙا ÙÙذا اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ØاÙÙØ©
تÙاÙ٠اÙجزء اﻷصعب Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©: ÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¯Ù٠أÙ
ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
ÙصØÙÙØ Ùادر عÙ٠اÙتصØÙØ"
+" عÙÙ Ù
ستÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ùد
اÙتÙ
Ùت باÙÙع٠ÙÙ ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ÙعÙÙÙ"
+" ÙÙد ÙÙا ÙتÙÙع Ø£ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
بتصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡
ÙÙاة ÙÙرد باعتبارÙا براÙ
ج Ù
ستخدÙ
"
+" عادÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠باستخداÙ
Ù
ÙصØÙØ Ø´Ùرة جÙÙ (GDB). Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤس٠أ٠اﻷÙ
ر استغر٠ÙÙتاÙ"
+" Ø·ÙÙÙا٠ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات Ù
تعددة
اÙÙظائ٠(multithreaded servers)Ø"
+" ÙاÙت٠تتÙاص٠Ù
ع بعضÙا اÙبعض باستخداÙ
اÙرسائÙØ Ø§ØªØ¶Ø Ø£ÙÙا صعبة اÙتصØÙØ."
+" اÙÙتÙجة أ٠اﻷÙ
ر استغر٠أعÙاÙ
ا٠طÙÙÙØ©
Ùتص٠ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ
رØÙØ© اÙÙضÙج."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Alix"
+msgstr "Ø£ÙÙÙس"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
+"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
+"the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her name "
+"would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a joke, she "
+"told her friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me.” I "
+"said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùترض بداÙة٠أ٠تÙسÙ
Ù ÙÙاة جÙÙ
باسÙ
ÙÙرد. اﻻسÙ
اﻷصÙÙ ÙاÙ"
+" Ø£ÙÙÙس—ÙÙ٠اسÙ
اÙÙ
رأة اÙت٠ÙاÙت ØبÙبتÙ
ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت. ÙاÙت Ø£ÙÙÙس Ù
دÙرة"
+" ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس (system administrator)Ø ÙÙاÙت Ùد أشارت Ù
Ù
Ùب٠ﻷ٠اسÙ
Ùا سÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع"
+" ÙÙ
Ø· اÙتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
تبع عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس. ÙعÙÙ
سبÙ٠اÙÙ
زاØØ Ø£Ø®Ø¨Ø±Øª Ø£ÙÙÙس صاØباتÙا"
+" بأÙÙ “ÙÙبغ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
شخص Ù
ا بتسÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙاة
ÙظاÙ
باسÙ
Ù.” ÙÙ
أعÙ٠أÙا"
+" Ø¨Ø´Ø¦Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùررت أ٠أÙاجئÙا بÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
+"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
+"certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap system calls and "
+"handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
ÙستÙ
ر اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ù
اÙÙÙ
بÙØ´ÙÙÙ (ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùعر٠اﻵ٠باسÙ
تÙÙ
اس)Ø"
+" ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
Ø·Ùر اÙرئÙس٠ÙÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙضÙ٠اسÙ
ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù٠أعاد تعرÙ٠أÙÙÙس ÙترÙ
ز Ø¥ÙÙ"
+" جزء Ù
عÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙÙاة—ÙÙ٠اÙجزء اÙØ°Ù
ÙستÙب٠استدعاءات اÙÙظاÙ
(system"
+" calls) ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
عاÙجتÙا عبر إرساÙ
اÙرسائ٠ÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات ÙÙرد."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
+"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
+"to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø§ÙÙصÙت ع٠أÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙاÙ
ت Ù٠بتغÙÙر
اسÙ
Ùا. Ù
Ù ÙاØÙØ© أخرÙØ Ùا٠تصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙرد"
+" Ùد تغÙر بØÙØ« صارت Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ترسÙ
اÙرسائ٠Ù
باشرة ÙÙÙ
خدÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙÙذا Ù
ا جعÙ"
+" اÙجزء اÙÙ
سÙ
٠أÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
Ø¥Ùغاؤ٠ÙÙختÙÙ Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
+"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
+"chance to find a kernel named after her."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙÙ Ùب٠أ٠تØدث جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙتغÙÙØ±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙ
Ø£Øد أصدÙائÙا Ùد رأ٠اسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس ØÙÙÙ
ا"
+" Ùا٠ÙطاÙع Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة بÙÙاة ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
Ø°Ùر اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙا. ÙÙÙذا تسÙÙ ÙÙا"
+" أ٠تر٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ùا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
+msgstr "ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
+"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
+"from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear whether solutions "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"ï»» زاÙت ÙÙاة ÙÙرد غÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙاستخداÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ Ùï»» ÙعÙÙ
Ø¥Ù ÙاÙت ستص٠Ùذ٠اÙÙ
رØÙØ©"
+" عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ. إ٠اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙائÙ
عÙ٠اÙÙدرات
ب٠Ù
شاÙÙ Ùاتجة ع٠Ù
رÙÙØ© اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
"
+" ÙÙسÙØ Ùï»» Ùبد٠أ٠ÙÙاÙÙ ØÙÙÙا٠ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
شاÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙت اÙØاÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
+"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
+"but in 1992, he made it free software; combining Linux with the "
+"not-quite-complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system. "
+"(Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due to "
+"Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙØس٠اÙØØ¸Ø ÙÙا٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
أخر٠Ù
تÙÙرة. ÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
1991Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس"
+" (Linus Torvalds) بتطÙÙر ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙÙØ© Ù
ع
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙأطÙ٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
ÙÙÙÙس"
+" (Linux). Ù٠اÙبداÙØ© ÙاÙت اÙÙÙاة اØتÙارÙØ©Ø
ÙÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1992Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس"
+" بترخÙصÙا ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ
ÙÙØ© دÙ
ج ÙÙاة
ÙÙÙÙس Ù
ع ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù Ùتج عÙÙا"
+" ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Øر Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù. (عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙدÙ
ج ÙÙسÙا
ÙاÙت عÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة بطبÙعة اÙØاÙ). Ø¥Ù"
+" اÙÙض٠ÙعÙد ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùسخة Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> "
+"GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+"with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+"the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work "
+"to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal "
+"mention</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذ٠اÙÙسخة ÙسÙ
ÙÙا <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس (GNU/Linux)<"
+"/a>Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¶Ø Ø£Ù Ø§ÙÙسخة عبارة ع٠Ù
زÙج
ÙتÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù
ÙÙÙÙس"
+" ÙÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. أرج٠Ù
٠اÙÙارئ أﻻ ÙÙع ÙÙ
اÙخطأ اÙشائع ÙÙÙÙÙ
بتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙظاÙ
"
+" “ÙÙÙÙس”Ø ï»·Ù Ùذا ÙعÙÙ Ùسب عÙ
ÙÙا Ùشخص
آخر. أرج٠Ù
٠اÙجÙ
Ùع Ø£Ù <a"
+" href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">ÙÙسبÙا Ø¥ÙÙÙا Ùض٠أعÙ
اÙÙا</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Challenges in our future"
+msgstr "اÙتØدÙات اÙÙادÙ
Ø©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
+"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
+"make the future of free software uncertain; meeting them will require "
+"steadfast effort and endurance, sometimes lasting for years. It will "
+"require the kind of determination that people display when they value their "
+"freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙد برÙÙÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙدرتÙا عÙ٠تطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»»"
+" ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا ï»» ÙÙÙر أ٠أÙÙا Ùصعب Ø¥ÙÙاÙÙا.
ÙÙاÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙتØدÙات اÙت٠تجعÙ"
+" Ù
ستÙب٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة غÙر ÙØ§Ø¶Ø Ø§ÙÙ
عاÙÙ
Ø
Ù
ÙاجÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØدÙات ستØتاج Ù
Ùا ÙبذÙ"
+" Ù
جÙÙد Ù
تÙاص٠ÙÙتطÙÙر Ùدرة عÙ٠اÙتØÙ
Ù Ùد تÙ
تد ÙسÙÙات Ù
تÙاصÙØ©. ستØتاج Ù
Ùا"
+" تصÙ
ÙÙ
ا٠Ù
٠اÙÙÙع اÙØ°Ù ÙظÙر ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙدر
اÙÙاس ØرÙتÙÙ
ÙÙصرÙا عÙ٠أﻻ ÙسÙ
ØÙا"
+" ÙÙائ٠Ù
Ù Ùا٠بأ٠ÙجردÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
+msgstr "اﻷجزاء اﻷربعة اÙÙادÙ
Ø© ستÙاÙØ´ ÙØ°Ù
اÙتØدÙات باÙتÙصÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Secret hardware"
+msgstr "Ù
ÙاصÙات اÙعتاد اÙسرÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
+"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
+"XFree86 can support new hardware. We have complete free systems today, but "
+"we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's computers."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
صÙع٠اÙعتاد ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙثرة ï»·Ù ÙØاÙظÙا عÙÙ
سرÙØ© Ù
ÙاصÙات عتادÙÙ
Ø Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙجعÙ"
+" Ù
٠اÙصعب Ùتابة Ù
ØرÙات Øرة تتÙØ ÙÙÙاة
ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (XFree86) أ٠تدعÙ
"
+" اÙعتاد اÙجدÙد. ÙدÙÙا Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Øرة بÙاÙ
ÙÙا
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا سÙÙÙدÙا غدا٠إ٠ÙÙ
"
+" ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠دعÙ
ØÙاسÙب اÙغد."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
+"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
+"choose the hardware that is supported by free software; as our numbers "
+"increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙدسة"
+" اÙعÙسÙØ© Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
عرÙØ© ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا
دعÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
عÙÙ. بÙÙتÙا ÙÙ
Ù٠أÙ"
+" ÙختارÙا استخداÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
دعÙÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. طاÙÙ
ا أ٠أعدادÙا Ù
ستÙ
رة ÙÙ"
+" اÙتزاÙد Ùإ٠سرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙاصÙات سÙÙتÙ٠بÙا اﻷÙ
ر Ø£Ù ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø³Ùاسة دØر ذاتÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
+"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
+"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
+"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
+"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
+"have freedom is widespread."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙدسة اÙعÙسÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© صعبة. Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙا Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùدرة ÙعزÙ
ÙÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا"
+" Ù
٠إÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙد—ÙÙØ· إذا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠بÙاء شعÙر ÙÙ٠بأ٠ØرÙØ©"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ùأ٠اÙÙ
ØرÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù٠أÙ
ر غÙر Ù
ÙبÙ٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ."
+" إذا٠Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
أغÙبÙا ببذ٠اÙÙ
اÙØ Ø£Ù
اÙÙÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙزÙ
ÙØ Øت٠ÙتÙ
Ù٠جÙ
Ùعا٠Ù
Ù"
+" استخداÙ
اÙÙ
ØرÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§
Ùا٠اﻹصرار عÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© شعÙرا٠عاÙ
اÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
+"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
+"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
+"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgstr ""
+"(Ù
ÙØÙظة Ù٠عاÙ
2008Ù
: Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙ
تد ØتÙ
ÙظاÙ
اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج اﻷساس٠(BIOS)."
+" ÙÙا٠Ùسخة Øرة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻷساس٠عÙÙ <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\"";
+">Ù
ÙÙع ÙÙبر٠بÙت (LibreBoot)</a> (إصدارة Ù
Ù ÙÙربÙت
coreboot). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ"
+" ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ÙاصÙات اﻷجÙزة Øت٠ÙتÙ
Ù٠أعضاء ÙرÙÙ ÙÙبر٠بÙت Ù
٠دعÙ
Ùا بدÙÙ"
+" استخداÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© “(blobs)” غÙر
اÙØرة)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Nonfree libraries"
+msgstr "اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
+"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
+"if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program cannot "
+"usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking, we could "
+"include your program, but it won't <em>run</em> with the library missing.) "
+"Even worse, if a program that uses the proprietary library becomes popular, "
+"it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة ÙاÙت٠تÙستخدÙ
عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة تعÙ
Ù ÙشرÙ"
+" ﻻصطÙاد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙØاÙØ©Ø ØªØ¹Ù
٠خصائص اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙجذابة"
+" ÙطعÙ
Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« Ø£Ù٠إذا ÙÙ
ت باستعÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙتبةØ
عÙدÙا تÙÙÙ ÙÙعت Ù٠اÙشرÙØ ï»·Ù"
+" برÙاÙ
ج٠عÙدÙا ÙÙ ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¬Ø²Ø¡Ø§Ù Ù
٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة. (بصÙرة أدÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù"
+" Ùدرج برÙاÙ
ج٠Ù٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ <em>Ù
٠اÙعÙ
Ù</em> Ù٠غÙاب"
+" اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©). اﻷسÙØ£ Ù
Ù Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙصبØ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙستخدÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة"
+" اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ ØÙÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
Ùذا
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بإغراء اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙÙعÙا"
+" ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙشرÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
+"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
+"problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in "
+"two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free X "
+"Toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to write a free "
+"replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif, developed by the "
+"Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support most Motif "
+"applications only in 1997."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø£ÙÙ Ù
ثا٠ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ùا٠Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙاتØ
Ù
ع Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات Ù
ÙتÙÙ (Motif). رغÙ
"
+" Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙØ§Ø¶Ø ØجÙ
"
+" اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠ستسببÙا Ù
ÙتÙÙ ÙÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙØرة
ÙÙÙ
ا بعد. Ùا٠رد Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠عÙÙ"
+" Ù
ستÙÙÙÙ: باÙØ·Ùب Ù
Ù Ù
شارÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
اÙÙ
ÙÙردة أ٠تدعÙ
Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات Ø¥Ùس"
+" اÙØرة (X Toolkit) باﻹضاÙØ© ÙدعÙ
Ùا ÙÙ
ÙتÙÙØ
ÙباÙØ·Ùب Ù
٠بعضÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر"
+" بدÙÙ Øر ÙÙ
ÙتÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© استغرÙت اÙعدÙد
Ù
٠اÙسÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙتÙÙ"
+" (LessTif)Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر Ù
Ù Ùب٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ (Hungry Programmers) صار"
+" Ù
٠اÙÙÙØ© بØÙØ« Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدعÙ
أغÙبÙØ© تطبÙÙات Ù
ÙتÙ٠بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1997Ù
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
+"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
+"substantial collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title=\"K "
+"Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+msgstr ""
+"بÙ٠عاÙ
Ù 1996Ù
Ù1998Ù
ظÙرت Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات غÙر
Øرة أخرÙØ ØªÙعÙÙ٠ببرÙ
جة اÙÙاجÙات"
+" اÙرسÙÙ
ÙØ© (<acronym title=\"Graphical User
Interface\">GUI</acronym>). ÙØ°Ù"
+" اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة سÙ
Ùت ÙÙÙت (Qt) ÙأصبØت تستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ùدرة Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ"
+" بÙ
ا ÙÙÙا بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب \"ÙÙÙ\" (<acronym title=\"K
Desktop Environment\""
+">KDE</acronym>)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
+"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
+"were not strict about sticking with free software added KDE to their "
+"systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom. "
+"The KDE group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and "
+"millions of new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea "
+"that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠استخداÙ
بÙئة ÙÙÙ (<acronym
title=\"K Desktop Environment\""
+">KDE</acronym>) عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ
ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙستطÙع استخداÙ
"
+" Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت. إﻻ أ٠بعض إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙسØ
ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تÙ
اÙع استخداÙ
"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙ
ت بإضاÙØ© بÙئة ÙÙÙ
Ø¥Ù٠تÙ٠اﻷÙظÙ
Ø©—Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙÙ"
+" Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© ذات Ùدرات أعÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙا ذات ØرÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ.
Ù
جÙ
Ùعة بÙئة ÙÙÙ ÙاÙت تشجع"
+" اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙØªØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠أ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙ Ù
Ù"
+" “Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس” اÙØدÙØ«ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙÙ
أدÙÙ ÙÙرة بØجÙ
ÙطبÙعة"
+" اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. Ùا٠اÙÙضع Ùبد٠سÙئا٠ÙÙغاÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
+"Harmony."
+msgstr ""
+"استجاب Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©
بطرÙÙتÙÙ: بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ù
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
"
+" (GNOME)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
+"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
+"Hat Software, GNOME set out to provide similar desktop facilities, but using "
+"free software exclusively. It has technical advantages as well, such as "
+"supporting a variety of languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was "
+"freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
شرÙع جÙÙÙ
(ÙÙ٠اختصار Ùعبارة بÙئة ÙÙ
Ùذج
اÙÙائ٠اÙشبÙÙØ Ø£Ù GNU Network Object"
+" Model Environment) ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب اÙخاص
بجÙÙ. Ù٠عاÙ
1997Ù
بدأ"
+" Ù
ÙجÙ٠د٠إÙÙازا Ùذا اÙÙ
شرÙع بدعÙ
Ù
٠شرÙØ©
رÙدÙات (Red Hat)Ø ÙÙا٠اÙغرض تÙÙÙر"
+" Ø¥Ù
ÙاÙÙات Ù
شابÙØ© ÙØ³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
ÙØªØ¨Ø ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
برÙ
جÙات Øرة ØصرÙاÙ. ÙÙا٠بعض"
+" اÙÙ
Ùزات اÙتÙÙÙØ© Ø£ÙضاÙØ Ù
ث٠أ٠جÙÙÙ
ÙدعÙ
Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùغات اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø ÙØ£ÙÙ"
+" ÙÙس Ù
ØصÙرا٠عÙÙ Ùغة سÙ++. ÙÙÙ٠اÙغرض
اﻷساس٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ùا٠اÙØرÙØ©: أﻻ Ùضطر"
+" Ø£Øد ﻻستخداÙ
أ٠برÙ
جÙات غÙر Øرة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
+"run KDE software without using Qt."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù٠عبارة ع٠Ù
Ùتبة تÙاÙÙÙØ©
بدÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ùا Ùتجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠تشغÙÙ"
+" براÙ
ج بÙئة ÙÙ٠بدÙ٠اÙØÙجة ﻻستخداÙ
Ù
Ùتبة
ÙÙÙت."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
+"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
+"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
+"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠عاÙ
1998Ù
أعÙÙ Ù
Ø·Ùر٠Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ع٠إجراء
تغÙÙر Ù٠رخصتÙÙ
Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
Ù"
+" شأÙ٠أ٠Ùجع٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙت برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙصعب Ù
عرÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥ï»»"
+" Ø£ÙÙ٠أعتÙد Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© Ùا٠سببÙا (عÙÙ
اﻷÙ٠جزئÙاÙ) Ù
ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙصارÙ
"
+" إزاء اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠سببتÙا Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ØÙÙÙ
ا
ÙاÙت غÙر Øرة. (ï»» زاÙت اÙرخصة"
+" اÙجدÙدة غÙر Ù
رÙØØ© ÙغÙر Ù
ÙصÙØ©Ø ÙعÙÙÙ ï»» زاÙ
Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠تÙاد٠استخداÙ
ÙÙÙت)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+"which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgstr ""
+"[Ù
ÙØÙظة ÙاØÙØ©: Ù٠سبتÙ
بر 2000Ù
Ø ØªØÙ٠ترخÙص
ÙÙÙت Ø¥Ù٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج"
+" عÙÙ ØÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© جذرÙاÙ]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
+"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
+"give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our future "
+"depends on our philosophy."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙسؤا٠اﻵÙ: ÙÙ٠سÙستجÙب ÙÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر اÙØرة اÙت٠ستأت٠تاÙÙاÙØ ÙÙ"
+" سÙتÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بÙÙÙت٠أÙÙ
ÙØ© اÙبÙاء
بعÙدا٠ع٠Ùذا اÙشرÙØ Ø£Ù
أ٠بعضÙا سÙÙرر"
+" اÙتÙاز٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
Ù
٠أج٠اÙراØØ© ÙسÙÙÙØ©
اﻻستخداÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙÙتج عÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة"
+" بÙ٠تأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ù Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د تÙ
اÙ
ا٠عÙÙ
ÙÙسÙتÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Software patents"
+msgstr "براءات اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
+"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
+"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <acronym "
+"title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of 2009 they have "
+"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
+"Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
+"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
+"long we had to wait.]"
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠أÙبر تÙدÙد ÙÙاجÙÙ Ùأت٠Ù
Ù Ùب٠براءات
اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙاÙت٠Ù
٠شأÙÙا Ø£Ù"
+" تجع٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
Ùات ÙاÙÙ
Ùزات بعÙدة ع٠Ù
تÙاÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
دة Ùد تص٠إÙÙ"
+" عشرÙ٠عاÙ
اÙ. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ© اÙضغط اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© باسÙ
"
+" ÙÙ
بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ (LZW) تÙ
تسجÙÙÙا Ùبراءة
اختراع Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1983Ù
Ø Ùï»» زÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
"
+" عاجزÙ٠ع٠إصدار براÙ
ج Øرة ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø¥Ùتاج Ù
ÙÙات جÙÙ (<acronym title=\"Graphics"
+" Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>) Ù
ضغÙطة بÙذ٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©. [اÙتÙت صÙاØÙØ©"
+" براءة اﻻختراع Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
]. Ù
ثا٠آخر
Øدث Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
Ø ØÙØ« اضطررÙا"
+" ﻹÙÙا٠تÙزÙع برÙاÙ
ج ﻹÙشاء Ù
ÙÙات Ø¥Ù
ب٠3
اÙصÙتÙØ© (<acronym title=\"MPEG-1"
+" Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym>)Ø ÙØ°Ù٠بسبب اÙتÙدÙد برÙع
ÙضÙØ© سرÙØ© براءة"
+" اﻻختراع. [براءة اﻻختراع Ùذ٠اÙتÙت
صÙاØÙتÙا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2017Ù
. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تر٠طÙÙ"
+" اÙÙترة اÙت٠اضطررÙا ï»»ÙتظارÙا Øت٠تÙتÙÙ
صÙاØÙØ© اÙÙثائÙ]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
+"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
+"each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may "
+"force all free software to lack some feature that users want. After a long "
+"wait, the patents expire (the MP3 patents are expected to have expired by "
+"2018), but what will we do until then?"
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع براءات اﻻختراع: ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا اÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
ا Ùثبت أ٠براءة"
+" اﻻختراع باطÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙبØØ« ع٠طرÙ
بدÙÙØ© ﻹÙجاز ÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£Ù"
+" ÙÙا ÙاتÙ٠اÙطرÙÙتÙ٠تعÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا تÙش٠اÙطرÙÙتاÙØ Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ"
+" Ùبراءة اﻻختراع أ٠تجبر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙد بعض اÙÙ
Ùزات ÙاÙخصائص اÙتÙ"
+" ÙØتاجÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ. باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتظر
ÙÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ© Ùإ٠براءات اﻻختراع تÙتÙÙ"
+" صÙاØÙتÙا (Ù
٠اÙÙ
تÙÙع أ٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ©
براءات اختراع Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 ÙÙ 2018Ù
)Ø ÙÙÙÙ"
+" Ù
ا اÙذ٠سÙÙعÙÙ Øت٠Ùأت٠تارÙØ® اÙتÙاء
اÙصÙاØÙØ©Ø"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
+"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
+"features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be "
+"technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds it "
+"back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical effectiveness of "
+"the “bazaar” model of development, and the reliability and power "
+"of some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about freedom "
+"and principle."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùؤﻻء اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙدرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠أجÙ
اÙØرÙØ© بÙÙÙا سÙÙ ÙÙتزÙ
Ù٠باستخداÙ
"
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙØ ÙسÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠أداء عÙ
ÙÙا بدÙ٠اÙاضطرار ﻻستخداÙ
"
+" اÙÙ
Ùزات ÙاÙخصائص اÙÙ
سجÙØ© تØت براءات
اﻻختراع. ÙÙÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙدرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة ï»·ÙÙÙ
ÙتÙÙعÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙض٠Ù
Ù
ÙاØÙØ© تÙÙÙØ©Ø Ùؤﻻء Ù
٠سÙص٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØرة باÙÙØ´Ù ØÙÙÙ
ا تعجز ع٠أداء ÙظÙÙØ©Ù Ù
ا
بسبب براءات اﻻختراع. ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙرغÙ
"
+" Ø¥ÙجابÙØ© اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙÙÙائد اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ùذج
“اÙبازار” Ù٠اÙتطÙÙرØ"
+" ÙÙÙØ© ÙدÙØ© أداء بعض اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¥ï»»
Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙتÙÙÙ ÙÙا. ï»» بد Ù
٠أÙ"
+" ÙÙ
ض٠ÙدÙ
ا٠ÙÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free documentation"
+msgstr "اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
+"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
+"our systems. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; "
+"when an important free software package does not come with a good free "
+"manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠أÙبر ÙÙص ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙ٠اÙØر ÙÙس عجز
اÙبراÙ
ج—Ø¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ ÙÙØ© اÙÙتÙبات"
+" اÙØرة اÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙجعÙÙا
جزءا٠Ù
٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙÙا. عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتÙØ«ÙÙ"
+" Ù٠جزء ï»» Ùتجزأ Ù
٠أ٠ØزÙ
Ø© برÙ
جÙØ©Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا
تعجز ØزÙ
Ø© برÙ
جÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© ع٠تÙÙÙر ÙتÙب"
+" جÙد ÙØØ±Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠تعتبر ثغرة ÙبÙرة. ÙÙأسÙ
ÙØÙ ÙدÙÙا اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اÙثغرات"
+" ØاÙÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
+"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
+"software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. "
+"Redistribution (including commercial sale) must be permitted, online and on "
+"paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙثائ٠اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
تÙعÙ٠باÙØرÙØ© ÙÙÙس باÙÙ
اÙ. اÙÙ
عÙار"
+" اﻷساس٠ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة Ù٠تÙرÙبا٠ÙÙس٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة: ï»» بد Ù
٠إعطاء"
+" جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ØرÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ï»» بد Ù
٠اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ø© اÙتÙزÙع (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠اÙبÙع"
+" اÙتجارÙ)Ø Ø¹Ø¨Ø± اﻻÙترÙت Ø£Ù Ù٠صÙرة Ù
طبÙعةØ
ÙÙضÙ
٠أ٠اÙÙتÙب سÙتراÙÙ Ù
ع جÙ
Ùع Ùسخ"
+" اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
+"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
+"sorts of articles and books. For example, I don't think you or I are "
+"obliged to give permission to modify articles like this one, which describe "
+"our actions and our views."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø¡ اÙتعدÙÙات Ù
ÙÙ
Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙاعدة
عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£Ùا ï»» أؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙضرÙرÙ"
+" إعطاء اÙجÙ
Ùع إذÙا٠بتعدÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙاع اÙÙتب
ÙاÙÙ
ÙاÙات. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø£Ùا ï»»"
+" أعتÙد Ø£ÙÙ٠أÙا أ٠أÙت Ù
ضطرا٠ﻹعطاء اﻹذÙ
بتعدÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙات ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا"
+" تعÙس تصرÙاتÙا ÙرؤاÙا اÙشخصÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
+"the software, and add or change its features, if they are conscientious they "
+"will change the manual, too—so they can provide accurate and usable "
+"documentation with the modified program. A nonfree manual, which does not "
+"allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, does not fill our "
+"community's needs."
+msgstr ""
+"عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙØ¥Ù ÙÙاÙ٠سببا٠ÙجعÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙتعدÙÙ Ø´Ùئا٠أساسÙا٠ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙÙ"
+" بتÙØ«Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
ارس اÙÙاس
ØÙÙÙ
Ù٠تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بØÙØ« ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙ"
+" بإضاÙØ© أ٠تعدÙ٠خصائص٠ÙÙ
Ù
ÙزاتÙØ Ùإ٠اÙÙ
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙÙ
سÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بتعدÙÙ"
+" اÙÙتÙب Ø£ÙضاٗبØÙØ« ÙستطÙعÙ٠تÙÙÙر
Ùثائ٠صØÙØØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙدة تعÙس تعدÙÙاتÙÙ
"
+" اÙت٠أجرÙÙا عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. اÙÙتÙبات غÙر
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ﻻ تسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بأÙ"
+" ÙÙÙÙÙا Ù
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠أخÙاÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بإÙÙ
ا٠Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙ
Øت٠اÙÙÙاÙØ©Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙتÙبات ï»»"
+" تÙ٠باØتÙاجات Ù
جتÙ
عÙا اÙØر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
+"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
+"the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is also no "
+"problem to require modified versions to include notice that they were "
+"modified, even to have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, "
+"as long as these sections deal with nontechnical topics. These kinds of "
+"restrictions are not a problem because they don't stop the conscientious "
+"programmer from adapting the manual to fit the modified program. In other "
+"words, they don't block the free software community from making full use of "
+"the manual."
+msgstr ""
+"بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙس ÙÙاÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùضع بعض
اÙÙÙÙد عÙ٠اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
بÙا إجراء"
+" اÙتعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø§Ø´ØªØ±Ø§Ø· اﻹبÙاء عÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©"
+" اÙخاصة باÙÙ
ؤÙ٠اﻷصÙÙØ ÙشرÙØ· اÙتÙزÙعØ
ÙÙائÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ؤÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷشÙاء Ù
ÙبÙÙØ©"
+" Ùï»» غبار عÙÙÙا. باÙÙ
Ø«ÙØ ÙÙس ÙÙا٠Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ
Ø¥ÙزاÙ
اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© بأ٠تعÙÙ
"
+" اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
بأÙÙا Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
٠اﻷصÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ù٠اشتراط عدÙ
تعدÙ٠أ٠Øذ٠أجزاء"
+" ÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠اﻷصÙØ Ø·Ø§ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اﻷجزاء ï»» تتضÙ
Ù Ù
ÙاضÙعا٠تÙÙÙØ©. Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙد ï»» غبار"
+" عÙÙÙØ§Ø ï»·ÙÙا Ù٠تشÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© باÙÙسبة ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙرغبÙ٠بتعدÙÙ"
+" اÙÙتÙب اÙÙ
عÙÙ ÙÙÙائÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عدÙ.
بعبارة أخرÙØ Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙد ï»» تÙ
Ùع"
+" Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠اﻻستÙادة اÙÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙتÙب."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
+"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
+"all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do obstruct the "
+"community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
+msgstr ""
+"عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙا بد Ù
٠اÙتأÙد Ø£Ù٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠تعدÙ٠اÙÙ
ØتÙÙ <em>اÙتÙÙÙ</em>"
+" ÙÙÙتÙØ¨Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙزÙع اÙÙتÙب اÙجدÙد عبر
اÙÙسائط اÙÙ
Ø¹ØªØ§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù
اÙÙÙÙات"
+" اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙØ©. Ù
٠دÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻹÙ
ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙÙد عائÙا٠أÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙصبØ"
+" اÙÙتÙب غÙر ØراÙØ ÙعÙدÙا سÙØتاج ÙÙتÙب آخر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
+"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
+"philosophy."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة باÙÙعÙ
ÙاÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙ٠ﻹÙتاج Ø·ÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù Ù
Ù"
+" اÙÙتÙبات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
رة اÙثاÙÙØ©Ø Ùبد٠أ٠Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ ÙÙسÙتÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "We must talk about freedom"
+msgstr "Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
+"practical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"اﻷرÙاÙ
اÙتÙدÙرÙØ© تخبرÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙا٠عشرة Ù
ÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
ﻷجÙزة جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù
ا"
+" ÙØ´Ù
٠دÙبÙا٠(Debian) جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ٠رÙدÙات (Red Hat)
“ÙÙÙÙس”."
+" اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùد ÙصÙت Ù
رØÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙ
Ùز
اÙعÙ
Ù٠بØÙØ« صار اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙرعÙÙ"
+" Ø¥ÙÙÙا ﻷسباب عÙ
ÙÙØ© بØتة."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
+"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
+"encourage companies to develop commercial free software instead of "
+"proprietary software products."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙتائج اﻹÙجابÙØ© ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙاضØØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
تزاÙد بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
+" اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙازدÙاد أعداد زبائ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙزÙادة اÙÙدرة عÙ٠إÙÙاع"
+" اÙشرÙات بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
اÙØرة بشÙÙ
تجارÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
بصÙرة"
+" اØتÙارÙØ©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
+"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
+"the challenges and threats described above depends on the will to stand firm "
+"for freedom. To make sure our community has this will, we need to spread "
+"the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙ٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙتÙاÙ
٠بصÙرة
أسرع Ù
٠اÙÙع٠باÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙراءÙØ"
+" ÙÙذا Ùد ÙÙÙدÙا ÙÙ
شاÙ٠جÙ
Ø©. ÙدرتÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙاجÙØ© اÙتØدÙات ÙاÙÙ
خاطر اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة"
+" أعÙا٠تعتÙ
د عÙ٠إرادتÙا ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùدا٠ÙاØدة
Ù
٠أج٠اÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ ÙتأÙد Ù
٠أÙ"
+" Ù
جتÙ
عÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ï»¹Ø±Ø§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
ÙÙشر اÙÙÙرة ÙÙ Ùسط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد"
+" Øا٠اÙضÙ
اÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØر."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
+"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
+"community. We need to do both, and we need to keep the two efforts in "
+"balance."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙأس٠ÙÙØ´Ù ÙÙ Ùع٠Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر: اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© Ùجذب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد"
+" ÙضÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا تÙÙÙ ÙتتجاÙز اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© ÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙ
بادئ اﻷÙÙÙØ©"
+" ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا. ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
جÙÙدÙÙ Ù
عاÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØاÙظ عÙÙ"
+" اÙتÙاز٠بÙÙÙÙ
ا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Open Source”"
+msgstr "“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
+"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
+"and say “open source software” instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تعÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد Ù
بادئ
اÙØرÙØ© أصبØت Ø£Ùثر صعÙبة Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
Ø"
+" ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùرر جزء Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
ÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر"
+" “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø ÙاستخدÙ
Ùا تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
ÙتÙØØ©"
+" اÙÙ
صدر” عÙضا٠عÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of "
+"“free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, "
+"however, aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated the "
+"free software movement and the GNU Project, and to appeal instead to "
+"executives and business users, many of whom hold an ideology that places "
+"profit above freedom, above community, above principle. Thus, the rhetoric "
+"of “open source” focuses on the potential to make high-quality, "
+"powerful software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
+msgstr ""
+"بعض اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙضÙÙا استخداÙ
اÙتعبÙر اÙجدÙد
ØاÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙادÙا أ٠ارتبا٠Ùد ÙÙجÙ
Ù
Ù"
+" استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “Øرة” عبر استبداÙÙا
بÙÙظة"
+" “Ù
جاÙÙØ©”—ÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
شرÙع. ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبعض اﻵخر ØاÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙضعÙا"
+" رÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
بادئ اÙت٠أÙÙÙ
ت Ø¥Ùشاء ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙ٠إÙ٠اÙجاÙبØ"
+" ÙÙضÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙربÙا Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
دراء اÙتÙÙÙØ°ÙÙÙ
ÙاÙزبائ٠ÙاÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
ÙÙÙ
"
+" Ø£ÙدÙÙÙÙجÙات ÙÙرÙØ© تجعÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
Ùسب
عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ. ÙتÙجة"
+" ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠رÙØ “اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©” تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠ترÙÙزÙا عÙ٠إÙتاج براÙ
ج"
+" ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ© ÙÙعاÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا Ùا تÙÙÙ
باÙا٠ÙÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
+"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with "
+"GNU/Linux. When the next Motif or Qt appears, will these magazines warn "
+"programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù Ù
جÙات “ÙÙÙÙس” تشÙÙ Ù
ثاÙا٠ÙاضØاÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا—جÙ
ÙعÙا تÙ
تÙئ"
+" بإعÙاÙات اÙبراÙ
ج اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس. ØÙÙÙ
ا تظÙر اÙÙسخة"
+" اÙÙادÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ù
ÙتÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙت أ٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج آخر Ù
شابÙØ Ù٠ستÙÙÙ
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙات بتØØ°Ùر"
+" اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙا
ستعرض إعÙاÙات ÙÙاØ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
+"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
+"less about freedom and principle can be disastrous; it makes the previous "
+"imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
+msgstr ""
+"إ٠اÙدعÙ
اÙÙاتج ع٠اÙتجارة Ù
٠شأÙ٠أÙ
Ùساعد Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بعدة طرÙØ"
+" ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙدا٠عÙ٠عدة Ù
ستÙÙات. ÙÙÙ٠اÙتساب اÙدعÙ
عبر تÙÙÙÙ"
+" اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙجعÙ
اﻷÙ
ر ÙارثÙاÙØ ï»·ÙÙ ÙزÙد اÙÙجÙØ© بÙÙ"
+" اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙاÙتÙعÙØ© باÙØÙÙ٠اÙت٠تØدثÙا
عÙÙا سابÙاÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
+"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
+"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
+"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"technology, is important."
+msgstr ""
+"Ø¥Ù “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ٓاÙÙ
صادر
اÙØرة” تتØدثاÙØ Ø¨ØµÙرة"
+" عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¹Ù ÙÙس اÙÙئة Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙاÙÙÙ
ا تختÙ٠ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
+" Ø¥Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙستÙ
ر Ù٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙتأÙÙد Ø£Ù"
+" اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس اÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø£Ù
ر Ù
ÙÙ
ÙأساسÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Try!"
+msgstr "ØاÙÙ!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
+"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
+"whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be enough to achieve "
+"the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there was no one but me "
+"between the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I have sometimes "
+"succeeded."
+msgstr ""
+"ØÙÙ
Ø© ÙÙدا (“ÙÙس ÙÙاÙÙ Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ù ‘باÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©’”) تبدÙ"
+" جÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ï»» تصÙØ ÙÙ ØاÙتÙ. ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت
بتÙÙÙØ° Ù
عظÙ
أعÙ
اÙÙ ÙØ£Ùا ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙدرتÙ"
+" عÙ٠أداء اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠أ٠Ù
جÙÙدات٠ستÙØ¬Ø Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ"
+" ï»·ÙداÙÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙ٠استÙ
ررت Ù٠اÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠شخص آخر ÙØÙ٠بÙ٠اÙعدÙ"
+" ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©. رغÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙجاØØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙجØت Ù٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù"
+" Ù
ساعÙÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
+"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
+"to look for threats and put myself between them and my city, calling on "
+"other hackers to come and join me."
+msgstr ""
+"Ù٠أØÙا٠أخرÙØ ÙØ´Ùت Ù
جÙÙداتÙØ ÙسÙطت بعض
اÙÙ
د٠اÙت٠ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بØÙ
اÙتÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙÙ"
+" ÙÙت أجد Ù
دÙÙØ© أخر٠Ù
Ùددة Ù
٠اÙعدÙØ ÙÙÙت
أجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙ
عرÙØ© أخر٠ÙÙدÙاع عÙÙا."
+" Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙÙÙØªØ ØªØ¹ÙÙ
ت ÙÙ٠أبØØ« عÙ
اÙتÙدÙدات ÙاÙÙ
Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø±Ø ÙÙÙ٠أضع ÙÙس٠Ù
ا بÙÙ"
+" اÙعد٠ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت اÙذ٠أÙادÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙأتÙا"
+" ÙÙشارÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
+"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
+"may survive—for now. But the dangers are greater each year, and now "
+"Microsoft has explicitly targeted our community. We can't take the future "
+"of freedom for granted. Don't take it for granted! If you want to keep your "
+"freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
أعد اÙÙ
داÙع اÙÙØÙد ع٠اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
رÙØ ÙاÙÙ
ÙØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ø±Ù Øشدا٠Ù
Ù"
+" اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بØÙر اÙØ®ÙادÙ
ÙتعزÙز دÙاعاتÙÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙجعÙÙ٠أدر٠أÙ"
+" Ùذ٠اÙÙ
دÙÙØ© سÙ٠تظ٠صاÙ
دة—اﻵ٠عÙÙ
اﻷÙÙ. ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
خاطر تتزاÙد عاÙ
ا٠بعد"
+" عاÙ
Ø Ùاﻵ٠تÙÙÙ
شرÙØ© Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت (Microsoft)
باستÙدا٠Ù
جتÙ
عÙا بصÙرة Ù
باشرة. ﻻ"
+" ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùأخذ Ù
ستÙب٠اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ. ï»» تتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع٠عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ"
+" Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ! إذا ÙÙت ترغب باÙÙ
ØاÙظة عÙÙ ØرÙتÙØ
ÙÙبغ٠عÙÙ٠أ٠تجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙدÙاع عÙÙا."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
+"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"اÙرجاء ارسا٠اﻻستÙسارات اÙعاÙ
Ø© ØÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙظاÙ
جÙ٠إÙ٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÙÙا٠<a"
+" href=\"/contact/\">طر٠أخر٠ÙÙتÙاصÙ</a> Ù
ع Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙتبÙÙغ عÙ"
+" رابط ï»» ÙعÙ
٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙÙات أ٠اÙتراØات
أخرÙØ Ùرج٠إرسا٠رساÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠اÙبرÙد"
+" اﻹÙÙترÙÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden><"
+"/a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÙØÙ Ùبذ٠أÙص٠جÙدÙا ÙÙÙÙر ترجÙ
Ø© دÙÙÙØ©
ÙعاÙÙØ© اÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا"
+" ÙØ®ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙعÙÙب. Ùرج٠إرسا٠تعÙÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙاÙتراØاتÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© بخصÙص Ùذ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©"
+" Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>.</p>."
+"<p>ÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات Ø£Ùثر ØÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙتعاÙÙ Ù
عÙا
ÙÙÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠ترجÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙات عÙÙ Ùذا"
+" اÙÙ
ÙÙØ¹Ø Ùرج٠Ùراءة دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© (<a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translat"
+"ions.html\">Translations README</a>)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
+"2017, 2018 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015,"
+" 2017, 2018 رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\""
+" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar\";>رخصة
اÙÙ
شاع"
+" اÙإبداعÙ"
+" ÙÙسب اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0 دÙÙÙ</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>ترجÙ
Ø©</strong>: Ù
ØÙ
د عصاÙ
"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"";
+"><address@hidden></a>, 2018. Ù
راجعة: ÙبÙÙ Ù
ØÙ
د."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "تÙ
اÙتØدÙØ« ÙÙ:"
+
+
- www education/po/edu-faq.ar.po education/po/edu...,
Ineiev <=