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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po distr... |
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Date: |
Sat, 23 Aug 2014 11:59:48 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 14/08/23 11:59:48
Modified files:
distros/po : free-non-gnu-distros.es.po
free-non-gnu-distros.translist
philosophy : android-and-users-freedom.ml.html
Added files:
distros : free-non-gnu-distros.es.html
distros/po : free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html
philosophy/po : android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ml.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po 23 Aug 2014 11:53:55 -0000
1.1
+++ distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es.po 23 Aug 2014 11:59:47 -0000
1.2
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: free-non-gnu-distros.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-08-23 13:49+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-08-23 10:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-08-23 13:44+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Dora Scilipoti <dora AT gnu DOT org>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -110,11 +110,6 @@
msgid "Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
-#. type: Content of: <div><div>
-msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr " "
-
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
@@ -125,6 +120,11 @@
"org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.es\">licencia Creative Commons Atribución-"
"SinDerivadas 3.0 Estados Unidos de América</a>."
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist 10 Jul 2014 01:27:07 -0000
1.5
+++ distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist 23 Aug 2014 11:59:47 -0000
1.6
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
Index: philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ml.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ml.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ml.html 9 May 2014 15:30:33
-0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ml.html 23 Aug 2014 11:59:47
-0000 1.4
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml.po">
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2014-06-24" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ml.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ml.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ml.html" -->
<h2>à´à´¨àµâà´¡àµà´°àµà´¯à´¿à´¡àµà´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´µàµà´</h2>
<p>à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ: റിà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµâà´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´³àµâമാനàµâ <br />à´à´¦àµà´¯à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¤àµ
<a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman";>
@@ -311,7 +317,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:
-$Date: 2014/05/09 15:30:33 $
+$Date: 2014/08/23 11:59:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html
diff -N distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/free-non-gnu-distros.es.html 23 Aug 2014 11:59:45 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Distribuciones libres que no son GNU - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<h2>Distribuciones libres que no son GNU</h2>
+
+<p>
+En esta página se incluyen las distribuciones libres de sistemas que no son
+versiones del sistema GNU. Estos sistemas deben cumplir con las <a
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">pautas para
+distribuciones de sistema libres</a>, del mismo modo que deben cumplirlas
+los sistemas GNU/Linux.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a href="http://replicant.us";>Replicant</a> es una versión libre de
+Android. Los desarrolladores de Replicant han reemplazado muchas bibliotecas
+que no son libres en ciertos modelos de teléfonos. Se excluyen las
+aplicaciones que no son libres, pero seguramente esas no queremos usarlas.</p>
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.jnode.org/";>JNode</a> es un sistema operativo libre
+escrito en Java.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Existen también <a
+href="/contact/">otros medios para contactar</a> con la FSF. <br /> Para
+avisar de enlaces rotos y proponer otras correcciones o sugerencias,
+dirÃjase a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+El equipo de traductores al español se esfuerza por ofrecer traducciones
+fieles al original y de buena calidad, pero no estamos libres de cometer
+errores.<br /> Por favor envÃe sus comentarios y sugerencias sobre las
+traducciones a <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte la <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">GuÃa
+para las traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la coordinación y
+el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está bajo una <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.es";>licencia
+Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 3.0 Estados Unidos de
América</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.es.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima actualización:
+
+$Date: 2014/08/23 11:59:45 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html
diff -N distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.es-en.html 23 Aug 2014 11:59:46 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Free Non-GNU Distributions
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/distros/po/free-non-gnu-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Free Non-GNU Distributions</h2>
+
+<p>
+This page lists free system distros that are not versions of the GNU
+system. These systems must meet
+the <a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">free
+system distribution guidelines</a> just as GNU/Linux systems must.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><a href="http://replicant.us";>Replicant</a> is the free version of
+Android. The Replicant developers have replaced many nonfree
+libraries, for certain phone models. The nonfree apps are excluded,
+but you certainly don't want to use those.</p>
+</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.jnode.org/";>JNode</a> is a free operating
+system written in Java.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2014/08/23 11:59:46 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html
diff -N philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.ml-diff.html 23 Aug 2014
11:59:47 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Android and Users' Freedom
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Android and Users' Freedom</h2>
+<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman">
+The Guardian</a></p>
+
+<h3 class="center">Support the <a
href="http://FreeYourAndroid.org/">
+Free Your Android</a> campaign.</h3>
+
+<p>To what extent does Android respect the freedom of its users? For a
+computer user that values freedom, that is the most important question
+to ask about any software system.</p>
+
+<p>In the <a href="http://fsf.org">free/libre software
movement</a>, we
+develop software that respects users' freedom, so we and you can escape
+from software that doesn't. By contrast, the idea of “open
+source” focuses on how to develop code; it is a different current
+of thought whose principal value is <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">code
+quality rather than freedom</a>. Thus, the concern here is not whether
+Android is “<a
href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">open</a>”,
+but whether it allows users to be free.</p>
+
+<p>Android is an operating system primarily for mobile <span
class="removed"><del><strong>phones,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>phones and
+other devices,</em></ins></span> which
+consists of Linux (Torvalds' kernel), some libraries, a Java platform
+and some applications. Linux aside, the software of Android versions
+1 and 2 was mostly developed by Google; Google released it under the
+Apache 2.0 license, which is a lax free software license without
+<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The version of Linux included in Android is not entirely free
+software, since it contains nonfree “binary blobs” (just
+like Torvalds' version of Linux), some of which are really used in some
+Android devices. Android platforms use other nonfree firmware, too,
+and nonfree libraries. Aside from those, the source code of Android
+versions 1 and 2, as released by Google, is free software—but this
+code is insufficient to run the device. Some of the applications that
+generally come with Android are nonfree, too.</p>
+
+<p>Android is very different from the <a
+href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU/Linux operating
+system</a> because it contains very little of GNU. Indeed, just about
+the only component in common between Android and GNU/Linux is Linux, the
+kernel. People who erroneously think “Linux” refers to the
+entire GNU/Linux combination get tied in knots by these facts, and make
+paradoxical statements such as “Android contains Linux, but it
+isn't Linux.” If we avoid starting from the confusion, the
+situation is simple: Android contains Linux, but not GNU; thus, Android
+and GNU/Linux are mostly different.</p>
+
+<p>Within Android, Linux the kernel remains a separate program, with its
+source code under <a href="/licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GNU GPL
+version 2</a>. To combine Linux with code under the Apache 2.0 license
+would be copyright infringement, since GPL version 2 and Apache 2.0 are
+<a href="/licenses/license-list.html#apache2">incompatible</a>.
+Rumors that Google has somehow converted Linux to the Apache license are
+erroneous; Google has no power to change the license on the code of
+Linux, and did not try. If the authors of Linux allowed its use under <a
+href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL version 3</a>,
+then that code could be combined with Apache-licensed code, with the
+combination could be released under GPL version 3. But Linux has not
+been released that way.</p>
+
+<p>Google has complied with the requirements of the GNU General Public
+License for Linux, but the Apache license on the rest of Android does
+not require source release. Google said it would never publish the
+source code of Android 3.0 (aside from Linux). Android 3.1 source code
+was also withheld, making Android 3, apart from Linux, nonfree
+software pure and simple.</p>
+
+<p>Google said it withheld the 3.0 source code because it was buggy, and
+that people should wait for the next release. That may be good advice
+for people who simply want to run the Android system, but the users
+should be the ones to decide this. Anyway, developers and tinkerers
+who want to include some of the changes in their own versions could
+use that code just fine.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, Google later released the source code for Android 3.*
+when it released version 4 (also with source code). The problem above
+turned out to be a temporary aberration rather than a policy shift.
+However, what happens once may happen again.</p>
+
+<p>In any case, most of the source code of various versions of Android
+has been released as free software. Does that mean that products using
+those Android versions respect users' freedom? No, for several
+reasons.</p>
+
+<p>First of all, most of them contain nonfree Google applications for
+talking to services such as YouTube and Google Maps. These are
+officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make the product ok.
+Many of the free applications available for earlier versions of
+Android have
+been <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary/">
+replaced by nonfree applications</a>; in 2013 Android devices appeared
+which <a
href="http://www.androidbeat.com/2013/12/new-google-play-edition-devices-lack-photo-gallery-app-use-google/">
+provided no way to view photos except through a nonfree Google+
+app</a>. <span class="inserted"><ins><em>In 2014 Google announced
+that <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/android-wear-auto-and-tv-save-you-from-skins-and-oems-from-themselves/">Android
+versions for TVs, watches and cars would be largely
nonfree.</a></em></ins></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Most Android devices come with the nonfree Google Play software
+(formerly “Android Market”). This software invites users
+with a Google account to install nonfree apps. It also has a back
+door with which Google can forcibly install or deinstall apps. <span
class="removed"><del><strong>This</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>(This
+probably makes it a universal back door, though that is not proved.)
+Google Play</em></ins></span> is officially not part of Android, but that
doesn't make
+it any less bad.
+</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>You</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>If you value freedom,
you</em></ins></span> don't want the nonfree apps that Google
+Play <span class="removed"><del><strong>offers, if you
+value freedom.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>offers.</em></ins></span> To install free Android
apps, you don't need Google
+Play, because you can get them
+from <span class="removed"><del><strong>f-droid.org.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="http://f-droid.org">f-droid.org</a>.</em></ins></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Android products also come with nonfree libraries. These are
+officially not part of Android, but that since various Android
+functionalities depend on them, they are part of any real Android
+installation.</p>
+
+<p>Even the programs that are officially part of Android may not
+correspond to the source code Google releases. Manufacturers may
+change this code, and often they don't release the source code for
+their versions. The GNU GPL requires them to distribute the code for
+their versions of Linux, assuming they comply. The rest of the code,
+under the lax Apache license, does not require them to release the
+source version that they really use.</p>
+
+<p>One user discovered that many of the programs in the Android system
+that came with his phone
+were <a
href="http://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html">modified
+to send personal data to Motorola.</a> Some manufacturers add
+a <a
href="http://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/">
+hidden general surveillance package such as Carrier IQ.</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="http://replicant.us">Replicant</a> is the free
version of
+Android. The Replicant developers have replaced many nonfree
+libraries, for certain <span class="removed"><del><strong>phone models, and
you can do without the</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>device models. The</em></ins></span> nonfree <span
class="removed"><del><strong>apps.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>apps are excluded,
+but you certainly don't want to use those.</em></ins></span> By contrast,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>Cyanogen Mod</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>CyanogenMod</em></ins></span>
+(another modified version of Android) is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>not free.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>nonfree, as it contains some
+nonfree programs.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Some Android devices are “tyrants”: they are designed so
users
+cannot install and run their own modified software, only the versions
+approved by some company. In that situation, the executables are not
+free even if they were made from sources that are free and available
+to you. However, some Android devices can be “rooted” so
+users can install different software.</p>
+
+<p>Important firmware or drivers are generally proprietary also. These
+handle the phone network radio, WiFi, bluetooth, GPS, 3D graphics, the
+camera, the speaker, and in some cases the microphone too. On some
+models, a few of these drivers are free, and there are some that you
+can do without—but you can't do without the microphone or the
+phone network radio.</p>
+
+<p>The phone network firmware comes preinstalled. If all it did was
+sit there and talk to the phone network when you wish, we could regard
+it as equivalent to a circuit. When we insist that the software in a
+computing device must be free, we can overlook preinstalled firmware
+that will never be upgraded, because it makes no difference to the
+user that it's a program rather than a circuit.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, in this case it would be a malicious circuit.
+Malicious features are unacceptable no matter how they are
+implemented.</p>
+
+<p>On most Android <span
class="removed"><del><strong>phones,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>devices,</em></ins></span> this firmware has so much
control that it
+could turn the product into a listening device. On some, it controls
+the microphone. On some, it can take full control of the main
+computer, through shared memory, and can thus override or replace
+whatever free software you have installed. With some, perhaps all,
+models it is possible to exercise remote control of this firmware to
+overwrite the rest of the software in the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>phone.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>device.</em></ins></span> The point of free
+software is that we have control of our software and our computing;
+a system with a back door doesn't qualify. While any computing system
+might <em>have</em> bugs, these devices can
<em>be</em> bugs. (Craig
+Murray,
+in <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2006/aug/12/politics">Murder
+in Samarkand</a>, relates his involvement in an intelligence operation
+that remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-Android portable
+phone into a listening device.)</p>
+
+<p>In any case, the phone network firmware in an Android <span
class="removed"><del><strong>device</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>phone</em></ins></span> is not
+equivalent to a circuit, because the hardware allows installation of
+new versions and this is actually done. Since it is proprietary
+firmware, in practice only the manufacturer can make new
+versions—users can't.</p>
+
+<p>Putting these points together, we can tolerate nonfree phone
+network firmware provided new versions of it won't be loaded, it can't
+take control of the main computer, and it can only communicate when
+and as the free operating system chooses to let it communicate. In
+other words, it has to be equivalent to circuitry, and that circuitry
+must not be malicious. There is no technical obstacle to building an
+Android phone which has these characteristics, but we don't know of
+any.</p>
+
+<p>Android is not a self-hosting system; development for Android needs
+to be done on some other system. The tools in Google's
+“software development kit” (SDK) are appear to be free,
+but it is hard work to check this. The definition files for certain
+Google APIs are nonfree. Installing the SDK requires signing a
+proprietary software license, which you should refuse to sign.
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK">
+Replicant's SDK </a></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK">Replicant's
SDK</a></em></ins></span> is a free replacement.</p>
+
+<p>Recent press coverage of Android focuses on the patent wars. During
+20 years of campaigning for the abolition of software patents, we have
+warned such wars could happen. Software patents could force
+elimination of features from Android, or even make it unavailable.
+See <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org">endsoftpatents.org</a> for
more
+information about why software patents must be abolished.</p>
+
+<p>However, the patent attacks and Google's responses are not directly
+relevant to the topic of this article: how Android products partly
+approach an ethically system of distribution, and how they fall
+short. This issue merits the attention of the press too.</p>
+
+<p>Android is a major step towards an ethical, user-controlled, free
+software portable phone, but there is a long way to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>go.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>go, and Google is
+taking it in the wrong direction.</em></ins></span> Hackers are working
+on <a href="http://replicant.us">Replicant</a>, but it's a big job
to
+support a new <span class="removed"><del><strong>phone</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>device</em></ins></span> model, and there
remains the problem of the
+firmware. Even though the Android phones of today are considerably
+less bad than Apple or Windows <span
class="removed"><del><strong>smartphones,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>phones,</em></ins></span> they cannot be said to
+respect your freedom.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2012, 2014 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2014/08/23 11:59:47 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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