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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy ubuntu-spyware.ru.html po/softwa... |
Date: |
Sat, 19 Apr 2014 04:00:16 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 14/04/19 04:00:16
Modified files:
philosophy : ubuntu-spyware.ru.html
philosophy/po : software-libre-commercial-viability.translist
ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html ubuntu-spyware.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy : software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html
philosophy/po : software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: ubuntu-spyware.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- ubuntu-spyware.ru.html 18 Apr 2014 04:01:21 -0000 1.10
+++ ubuntu-spyware.ru.html 19 Apr 2014 04:00:15 -0000 1.11
@@ -156,15 +156,15 @@
<blockquote>
<p>
-Ðа маÑÑ 2014 года до Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñли ÑазговоÑÑ Ð¾
планаÑ
ÑÐ´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· Ubuntu ÑÑой
+Ðа маÑÑ 2014 года до Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñли ÑазговоÑÑ Ð¾
планаÑ
ÑÐ´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· Ubuntu ÑÑой
ÑпионÑÑей вÑедоноÑной ÑÑнкÑии. Я надеÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо ÑÑо изменение в Ubuntu внеÑÑÑ,
и внеÑÑÑ ÑкоÑо, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо воÑÑÑановиÑ
ÑепÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
-пÑогÑамм. Ðогда в поÑледнем вÑпÑÑке Ubuntu
болÑÑе не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑой ÑÑнкÑии
-поиÑка, Ñ Ð¾ÑмеÑÑ ÑÑо на ÑÑой ÑÑÑаниÑе.
+пÑогÑамм. Ðднако, как нам ÑообÑили, в Ubuntu
14.04 на апÑÐµÐ»Ñ 2014 года
+ÑÑа пÑоблема еÑе не ÑеÑена.
</p>
<p>
-ÐÑиÑÑÑÑÑвие неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в Ubuntu
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑделÑнÑÑ
+ÐÑиÑÑÑÑÑвие неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в Ubuntu
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑделÑнÑÑ ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ubuntu бÑла ÑÑиÑной, ÑÑа
пÑоблема Ñоже должна бÑÑÑ ÑеÑена.
</p>
</blockquote>
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2014/04/18 04:01:21 $
+$Date: 2014/04/19 04:00:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist 31 Aug 2013 17:16:52
-0000 1.8
+++ po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist 19 Apr 2014 04:00:15
-0000 1.9
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: po/ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html 18 Apr 2014 04:01:22 -0000 1.6
+++ po/ubuntu-spyware.ru-en.html 19 Apr 2014 04:00:15 -0000 1.7
@@ -140,16 +140,15 @@
<blockquote>
<p>
-As of March, 2014, I have heard talk of a plan to change Ubuntu to
+As of March 2014 we have heard talk of a plan to change Ubuntu to
remove this surveillance malfeature. I hope Ubuntu does make that
change and soon, since that will vindicate free software's reputation.
-If and when the current Ubuntu release no longer has this search
-functionality, I will note that in this page.
+However, reportedly Ubuntu 14.04 in April 2014 still has the problem.
</p>
<p>
-The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate issue.
-For Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed.
+The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate ethical
+issue. For Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed.
</p>
</blockquote>
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/18 04:01:22 $
+$Date: 2014/04/19 04:00:15 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/ubuntu-spyware.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/ubuntu-spyware.ru.po 19 Apr 2014 03:42:13 -0000 1.13
+++ po/ubuntu-spyware.ru.po 19 Apr 2014 04:00:15 -0000 1.14
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2014-04-19 00:55+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -327,18 +326,6 @@
"неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм."
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-# | As of [-March, 2014, I-] {+March 2014 we+} have heard talk of a plan to
-# | change Ubuntu to remove this surveillance malfeature. I hope Ubuntu does
-# | make that change and soon, since that will vindicate free software's
-# | reputation. [-If and when the current-] {+However, reportedly+} Ubuntu
-# | [-release no longer has this search functionality, I will note that-]
-# | {+14.04+} in [-this page.-] {+April 2014 still has the problem.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As of March, 2014, I have heard talk of a plan to change Ubuntu to remove "
-#| "this surveillance malfeature. I hope Ubuntu does make that change and "
-#| "soon, since that will vindicate free software's reputation. If and when "
-#| "the current Ubuntu release no longer has this search functionality, I "
-#| "will note that in this page."
msgid ""
"As of March 2014 we have heard talk of a plan to change Ubuntu to remove "
"this surveillance malfeature. I hope Ubuntu does make that change and soon, "
@@ -348,21 +335,16 @@
"Ðа маÑÑ 2014 года до Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñли ÑазговоÑÑ Ð¾
планаÑ
ÑÐ´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· Ubuntu ÑÑой "
"ÑпионÑÑей вÑедоноÑной ÑÑнкÑии. Я надеÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо ÑÑо изменение в Ubuntu внеÑÑÑ, "
"и внеÑÑÑ ÑкоÑо, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо воÑÑÑановиÑ
ÑепÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. "
-"Ðднако, как нам ÑообÑили, в Ubuntu 14.04 на
апÑÐµÐ»Ñ 2014 года ÑÑа пÑоблема "
-"еÑе не ÑеÑена."
+"Ðднако, как нам ÑообÑили, в Ubuntu 14.04 на
апÑÐµÐ»Ñ 2014 года ÑÑа "
+"пÑоблема еÑе не ÑеÑена."
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-# | The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate {+ethical+}
-# | issue. For Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate issue. For "
-#| "Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed."
msgid ""
"The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate ethical issue. For "
"Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑиÑÑÑÑÑвие неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в Ubuntu
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑделÑнÑÑ ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ. "
-"ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ubuntu бÑла ÑÑиÑной, ÑÑа пÑоблема Ñоже
должна бÑÑÑ ÑеÑена."
+"ÐÑиÑÑÑÑÑвие неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в Ubuntu
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑделÑнÑÑ ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ "
+"пÑоблемÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ubuntu бÑла ÑÑиÑной, ÑÑа
пÑоблема Ñоже должна бÑÑÑ ÑеÑена."
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
Index: software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html
diff -N software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ software-libre-commercial-viability.ru.html 19 Apr 2014 04:00:14 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.en.html" -->
+
+<title>СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑенÑабелÑноÑÑÑ -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑенÑабелÑноÑÑÑ</h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>(12 ноÑбÑÑ 1998 года, опÑбликовано в
ÑевÑале 1999 года)</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+<strong>ÐлеÑÑандÑо Ð Ñбини</strong></p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ñового гоÑподÑÑва
ÐинÑÑа, видимо, оÑÑÑеÑÑвиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно
+ÑкоÑо. ТенденÑÐ¸Ñ Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑовеÑиÑÑ
по ÑомÑ, как пÑеÑÑа ÑеагиÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ GNU/Linux, по ÑомÑ, как неÑколÑко
обÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑÑÑеждений
+ÑобиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÑÑи ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²
ÑколаÑ
, и по обÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑоÑайÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкомÑ
ÑÑовнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>СегоднÑ, в 1998 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ (а Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ ÐµÑе в 1998 годÑ),
наиболее важной ÑабоÑой, по
+Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, оÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение
обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
и коммеÑÑеÑкиÑ
+поÑледÑÑвий ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ХоÑÑ Ñ
вÑÑоко ÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð Ð°ÑÑелла ÐелÑÑона
+“СÑ
ема пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
ÑекÑÑом” из иÑлÑÑкого
+вÑпÑÑка <em>ÐинÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð¶Ð¾Ñнел</em>, Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑаÑ
поÑÑебноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑниÑÑ Ñе моменÑÑ,
+коÑоÑÑе он вкÑаÑÑе заÑÑонÑл.</p>
+
+<p>ÐбÑаÑиÑе внимание, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑкÑпеÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ в
Ñкономике, ни в полиÑике. Я пÑоÑÑо
+ÑеÑ
ник-ÑнÑÑзиаÑÑ, ÑаÑÑÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого
оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° его ÑобÑÑвенном опÑÑе
+боÑÑÐ±Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑживание и пÑиводÑÑÑÑ Ð²
надежде, ÑÑо они помогÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ-Ñо еÑе
+пÑиÑпоÑобиÑÑÑÑ Ðº ÑÑловиÑм новой ÑÑедÑ.
ÐекоÑоÑÑе из ÑÑиÑ
идей Ñже
+обÑÑждалиÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑелÑми или в деловом
ÑпиÑке ÑаÑÑÑлки ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+(<<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>), к
+коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑоединилÑÑ, пÑоÑиÑав ÑÑаÑÑÑ
РаÑÑелла.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec1">РенÑабелÑноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÑалÑнÑÑ
конÑÑлÑÑанÑов</h3>
+
+<p>Самое лÑÑÑее в лÑбой вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной
ÑиÑÑеме — ее
+гибкоÑÑÑ. ÐолÑзоваÑели могÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑекÑоиÑÑ
ее поведение под Ñвои нÑждÑ. ÐÑа
+гибкоÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑо полноÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑна
обÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑа, поÑомÑ
+ÑÑо неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммнÑе ÑеÑениÑ
неÑедко ÑкÑÑваÑÑ ÑÑнкÑионалÑноÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+жеÑÑким внеÑним инÑеÑÑейÑом, коÑоÑÑй
пÑеÑÐµÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»ÑбÑе оÑÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ
+ожидаемого Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — поведениÑ
<em>полÑзоваÑелÑ</em>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐнедÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
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+наÑÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем.
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+конÑÑлÑÑанÑом, коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не пÑиÑ
одило в головÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
+пÑиÑпоÑабливаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвои нÑждÑ. Ðн
пÑизналÑÑ, ÑÑо его ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñегда
+дейÑÑвовала наобоÑÐ¾Ñ — они
пÑиÑпоÑабливали Ñвои нÑÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ðº
+пÑогÑаммам, коÑоÑÑми они полÑзовалиÑÑ.
ÐолÑÑинÑÑво
+полÑзоваÑелей — жеÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑвоиÑ
пÑогÑамм, и они даже не оÑознаÑÑ
+ÑÑого.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑоÑвеÑение полÑзоваÑелÑÑкиÑ
маÑÑ Ð²
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+новÑе ÑÑнки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑимÑÑ
конÑÑлÑÑанÑов, ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñе ÑабоÑие
меÑÑа. У
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ÑÑиÑ
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+обÑаÑение к ÑеÑ
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+ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ. ХоÑÑ ÑÑо даже
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пÑогÑамм, доÑÑÑпноÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
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+лÑбÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ легко
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+подÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо бÑÑÑÑо Ð´Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ
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+индивидÑалÑнÑе нÑÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñак ÑазнообÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ñ Ð¸
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+ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
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+
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меÑÑного ÑизиологиÑеÑкого ÑенÑÑа
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° даннÑÑ
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алÑÑеÑнаÑив. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
моиÑ
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+Ñвободна, и дÑÑгие ÑенÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑазили инÑеÑеÑ
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+
+<p>Ðо меÑе Ñого как вÑе болÑÑе и болÑÑе
лÑдей бÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвоиÑ
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+ÑÑнка. Такие компании, веÑоÑÑно, бÑдÑÑ
пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑо занÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð²
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+ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
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+пÑогÑаммами. ÐозвÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ðº моемÑ
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+лабоÑаÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÑдила Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ
напиÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, а дÑÑгие ÑенÑÑÑ,
+заинÑеÑеÑованнÑе в пÑодÑкÑе, оÑ
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+ÑÑÑановки, поддеÑжки и ÑлÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñего
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+“ÑлÑÑÑениє? Разве пÑогÑамма не
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+но пÑодÑÐºÑ <em>можно</em> ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ. ÐеÑÑнаÑ
лабоÑаÑоÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеÑила пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ “поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо нам нÑжно
ÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑ, а не изобÑеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñе
+ÑÑнкÑии в пÑогÑаммаÑ
”. ÐÑем извеÑÑно,
ÑÑо в лÑбой пÑогÑамме найдеÑÑÑ
+оÑибка и недоÑÑаÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ, и на
ÑÑом-Ñо Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑоим: оÑибки
+<em>можно</em> иÑпÑавиÑÑ, а возможноÑÑи
<em>можно</em> добавиÑÑ. Ðак Ñ
+Ñказал, Ñем болÑÑе вÑего можно
запÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ, Ñем болÑÑе бÑдеÑ
+запÑогÑаммиÑовано.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² инÑоÑмаÑионной ÑÑеÑе должно
бÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе ÑабоÑиÑ
меÑÑ, Ñем ÑейÑаÑ?
+Ðо-пеÑвÑÑ
, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм поÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе
+запÑоÑов на новÑе ÑÑнкÑии, Ñем оÑ
полÑзоваÑелей неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑов, как
+Ñже обÑÑÑнÑлоÑÑ. Ðалее, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо каждÑй
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑамообÑазованием
+без плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° доÑÑÑп к иÑÑоÑникам
инÑоÑмаÑии. Я ÑÑал ÑкÑпеÑÑом, изÑÑаÑ
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ пÑобÑÑ Ñо и дÑÑгое на
Ñвоем деÑевом пеÑÑоналÑном
+компÑÑÑеÑе. СейÑÐ°Ñ Ñ ÑвеÑен, ÑÑо Ñ ÑмогÑ
ÑеÑиÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
+ÑолÑко Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½ÐµÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¸Ñ
клиенÑов, и мои
клиенÑÑ ÑÑо знаÑÑ (еÑли ÑолÑко Ñ
+Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно вÑемени, ÑÑобÑ
ÑпÑавиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ñоблемой).</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑгой важнейÑий аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ Ð² дополнение к
доÑÑÑпноÑÑи иÑÑоÑников —
+ÑÑандаÑÑизаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑмаÑов Ñайлов; ÑÑо
облаÑÑÑ, в коÑоÑой неÑвободнÑе пÑодÑкÑÑ
+обнаÑÑживаÑÑ Ñвои Ñ
ÑдÑие ÑеÑÑÑ.
ÐÑедÑÑавим Ñебе ÑÑедÑ, в коÑоÑой лÑбой
+ÑоÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ñайлов в ÑиÑÑеме извеÑÑен: Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸
бÑ, напÑимеÑ, ÑоздаваÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð´ÐµÐºÑнÑе
+ÑпиÑки из лÑбого Ñоздаваемого докÑменÑа,
облегÑÐ°Ñ Ñем ÑамÑм поÑледÑÑÑий
+поиÑк. ÐÑо можно бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
обÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑеÑи и безо вÑÑкой нагÑÑзки
+на неÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий пеÑÑонал. ÐÑинÑ
Ñонное
повÑоÑное иÑполÑзование даннÑÑ
длÑ
+многиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° гÑани
ÑанÑаÑÑики, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они пÑивÑкли к
+пÑогÑаммам, в коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑименÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑиÑменнÑе ÑоÑмаÑÑ Ñайлов (и опеÑаÑионнÑм
+ÑиÑÑемам без наÑÑоÑÑей многозадаÑноÑÑи
или ÑÑнкÑий “cron”). Ðак
+ÑолÑко внедÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе ÑÑандаÑÑÑ,
полÑзоваÑели наÑинаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑÑ Ð¾
+доÑабоÑке и оÑ
оÑно плаÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑе, ÑÑо
повÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
пÑоизводиÑелÑноÑÑÑ. Ðолее
+Ñого, ÑвободнÑе ÑÑандаÑÑÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо
клиенÑÑ Ð½Ðµ поÑÑавÑÑ Ð½Ðµ на ÑÑ
+каÑÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они никогда не оÑÑанÑÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð±ÐµÑполезнÑми даннÑми, еÑли
+измениÑÑÑ ÑÑноÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑнкÑÑÑа.</p>
+
+<p>Ð Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑадиÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑ
ема
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм конÑенÑÑиÑÑеÑ
вÑе
+знание в немногиÑ
компаниÑÑ
(или одной из
ниÑ
), оÑкÑÑÑÑе ÑÑандаÑÑÑ
+ÑаÑпÑеделÑÑÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкое знание междÑ
вÑеми, кÑо Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑиÑÑÑÑ. Ð Ñо вÑемÑ
+как неÑвободнÑй пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
поддеÑживаÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко огÑаниÑеннÑм
колиÑеÑÑвом
+квалиÑиÑиÑованнÑÑ
конÑÑлÑÑанÑов (ÑиÑло и
квалиÑикаÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
опÑеделÑеÑÑÑ
+ÑенÑÑализованно), колиÑеÑÑво
конÑÑлÑÑанÑов, поддеÑживаÑÑиÑ
ÑеÑение на
базе
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм пÑакÑиÑеÑки не
огÑаниÑено, и пÑедложение Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑÑо
+оÑкликаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑпÑоÑ.</p>
+
+<p>РмиÑе, где компÑÑÑеÑÑ — ÑÑо ÑолÑко
ÑÑедÑÑва Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑижениÑ
+какиÑ
-Ñо дÑÑгиÑ
Ñелей, пÑоÑÑоÑа доÑабоÑки
и бÑÑÑÑоÑа обÑлÑживаниÑ
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑновнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ
ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелей. Ðо Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ,
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑÑо пÑиобÑеÑÑÑ
авÑоÑиÑеÑ, нÑжнÑй Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
+ÑÑаÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑимÑм Ñвлением ÑÑнка. Ðак ÑолÑко
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑинаеÑе довеÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм
+пÑодÑкÑам на базе ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, вÑ
ÑзнаеÑе, ÑÑо они заÑлÑживаÑÑ
+болÑÑего. Ðоклонники GNU/Linux Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
гоÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑедложиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжкÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑÑие поÑÑебноÑÑи
в конÑÑлÑÑанÑаÑ
.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec2">РенÑабелÑноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹
поддеÑжки</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÑевидно, незавиÑимÑе конÑÑлÑÑанÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
покÑÑваÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
поÑÑебноÑÑей
+полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов. ÐекоÑоÑÑе видÑ
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи ÑаÑÑнÑми лиÑами
+неоÑÑÑеÑÑвимÑ. Red Hat и S.u.S.E. показÑваÑÑ,
ÑÑо Ñоздание и поддеÑжка
+диÑÑÑибÑÑива могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑим
иÑÑоÑником доÑ
ода, даже еÑли пÑодÑкÑ
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ñвободно. Ðа подÑ
оде
ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð° базе Debian, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ
+пÑогÑеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñак замеÑен — главнÑм
обÑазом поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо как
+Red Hat, Ñак и S.u.S.E. поÑÑавлÑли неÑвободнÑе
пÑодÑкÑÑ Ñо ÑвободнÑми
+пакеÑами, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑжиÑÑ, пока Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑÑнка
бÑла невелика, а Debian вÑегда
+ÑÑоÑл, и до ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑÑаеÑÑÑ, полноÑÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑÑоÑоне Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑов.</p>
+
+<p>Рдополнение к ÑабоÑам по “ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
Ñпаковке” или
+“ÑобиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñпаковке”, компании
могÑÑ ÑпеÑиализиÑоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкой поддеÑжке, обÑлÑживаÑ
ÑиÑÑаÑии, когда компÑÑÑеÑнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ
+кÑиÑиÑеÑки важнÑ. ÐоÑÑебноÑÑи болÑÑиÑ
пÑедпÑиÑÑий, пÑименÑÑÑиÑ
компÑÑÑеÑнÑе
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² Ñвоей пÑоизводÑÑвенной ÑÑеде, не
бÑдÑÑ ÑдовлеÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð¸ внеÑним
+конÑÑлÑÑанÑом, ни ÑобÑÑвеннÑм ÑеÑ
ником. Ðм
нÑжно опиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° внеÑнÑÑ
+ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑÑеÑ
безоÑказнÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
паÑка аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðаже еÑли GNU/Linux или лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑгаÑ
опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема показала ÑебÑ
+абÑолÑÑно надежной, ÑеÑÑезнÑм
полÑзоваÑелÑм нÑжно бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки как Ñвоего Ñода ÑÑÑаÑ
овкÑ. Чем важнее длÑ
+пÑоизводÑÑвенной ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÑ, Ñем
болÑÑе лÑдей бÑдÑÑ ÑоглаÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ
+за ÑвеÑенноÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо вÑе бÑдеÑ
пÑодолжаÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¸ за Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±Ñл
+кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ “оÑвеÑÑÑвеннÑй”, комÑ
можно позвониÑÑ Ð² ÑлÑÑае лÑбого
+оÑказа. ÐÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° поддеÑÐ¶ÐºÑ ÑакиÑ
“ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелей” мог
+Ð±Ñ Ñакже вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ½ÐºÑ Ð¾ возмеÑении в
ÑлÑÑае пÑоÑÑоев. ÐолÑÑие компании
+поддеÑжки ÑмогÑÑ ÑÑÑекÑивно занимаÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑим, а клиенÑÑ Ñ ÑадоÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑ
+плаÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие денÑги, еÑли им никогда не
пÑидеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+поддеÑжкой.</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑоÑе говоÑÑ, Ñ Ð½Ðµ вижÑ, поÑемÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑким компаниÑм бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ñжно
+оÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ñобой иÑклÑÑиÑелÑнÑе пÑава
на Ñвои пÑодÑкÑÑ; ÑÑеÑа поддеÑжки
+доÑÑаÑоÑно ÑиÑока, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑедложиÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑие ниÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑедпÑиÑÑий в
+инÑоÑмаÑионной оÑÑаÑли. Те, кÑо Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
на вÑÑоÑе, могли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ
+вÑÑÑÑки на ÑазвиÑие ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
полÑÑÐ°Ñ Ñаким обÑазом пеÑвÑми доÑÑÑп
+к наилÑÑÑим пÑогÑаммам и ÑвÑзÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²
Ñознании лÑдей Ñвое пÑедпÑиÑÑие Ñ
+пÑогÑаммнÑми пÑодÑкÑами. Ðа Ñамом деле
болÑÑие диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ñже ÑледÑÑÑ ÑÑой
+пÑакÑике.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec3">РенÑабелÑноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
обÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑенÑÑов</h3>
+
+<p>Само Ñобой ÑазÑмееÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑÑ Ð³Ð»Ñбоко заинÑеÑеÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²
+пÑеподавании вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
ники Ñ
помоÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐлагодаÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑовеÑÑенÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ
на базе ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм могÑÑ
+пÑедложиÑÑ ÑÑаÑимÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, но они ÑÑебÑÑÑ
Ñакже болÑÑего ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкого
+Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑпеÑного админиÑÑÑиÑованиÑ. Я
не наÑ
ожÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
+опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем дал ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ð² денÑгаÑ
, но Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ
заведений
+лÑÑÑе ÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги на ÑиÑÑемнÑÑ
админиÑÑÑаÑоÑов, Ñем на ÑÑбÑидиÑование и
+без Ñого богаÑой компании, занимаÑÑейÑÑ
коммеÑÑеÑкими пÑогÑаммами. ХоÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ
+ÑÑÑана, ÐÑалиÑ, зажаÑа в ÑиÑкаÑ
неÑколÑкиÑ
пÑавил, более благопÑиÑÑÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
+покÑпкам, Ñем Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ð¼Ñ Ð»Ñдей, в дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
Ñже Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ñдвиг в веÑном
+напÑавлении — напÑимеÑ, ÐекÑика и
ФÑанÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑвили о планаÑ
+пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ GNU/Linux в ÑвоиÑ
обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑколаÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑе один аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам в обÑазовании: когда
+ÑÑаÑиеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑабоÑÑ, они
пÑедпоÑиÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑвами,
+коÑоÑÑм они наÑÑилиÑÑ Ð² Ñколе, ÑÑобÑ
ÑокÑаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑелÑнÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+обÑÑениÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ заÑÑавлÑÑÑ
ÑÑилиÑа пÑеподаваÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñе
+ÑÑедÑÑва, коÑоÑÑе Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
пÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð°Ñ — коÑоÑÑе
+ÑвободнÑ. УÑебнÑм заведениÑм ÑледÑеÑ
пÑеподаваÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
+ÑолÑко еÑли ÑоблÑдаÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° ÑÑловиÑ: неÑ
никакой ÑеалÑной алÑÑеÑнаÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð¸
+компаниÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ ÑакÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, <em>плаÑиÑ</em> ÑÑебномÑ
+Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° обÑÑение ее пÑодÑкÑÑ. ÐлаÑиÑÑ
комÑ-Ñо за пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑекламиÑоваÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ — ÑÑо
опÑеделенно неÑÑÑазноÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec4">СоÑиалÑнÑе вопÑоÑÑ</h3>
+
+<p>ÐеÑколÑко ÑоÑиалÑнÑÑ
вопÑоÑов ÑвÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ
вÑбоÑом одной ÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм и
+оÑказом Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой. ХоÑÑ Ñ Ð¾ÑмеÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ñ
как
ÑоÑиалÑнÑе, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð¸
+ÑкономиÑеÑкие аÑпекÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ХоÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, возможно, не
деÑевле неÑвободнÑÑ
, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑе
+в ÑÑÐµÑ Ñвое ÑобÑÑвенное вÑемÑ, некоÑоÑÑе
обÑеÑÑва оÑлиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
+оÑноÑением вложенного вÑемени к денÑгам. Ð
болÑÑинÑÑве ÑазвиваÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ ÑÑÑан
+еÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑие инÑеллекÑÑалÑнÑе ÑеÑÑÑÑÑ, но
мало денег, и обÑÑно Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
не
+ÑамÑе новÑе компÑÑÑеÑÑ. ÐеÑвободнÑе
опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
недоÑÑÑпнÑ,
+но ÑвободнÑе ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
ÑÑÑекÑивнÑ. Ðа Ñамом деле
+“Ñ
еллоÑинÑкий” докÑменÑ
поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÑÑлÑ, подÑеÑкиваÑ
+оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑÑÑй ÑоÑÑ “Linux” на ÐалÑнем
ÐоÑÑоке. Ð
+благоÑвоÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
оÑганизаÑиÑÑ
обÑÑановка обÑÑно ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¶Ðµ: мало денег пÑи
+Ñ
оÑоÑиÑ
ÑеловеÑеÑкиÑ
ÑеÑÑÑÑаÑ
. ÐÑо пÑÑмо
Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº ÑÑ
еме ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»ÑбÑÑ
инÑоÑмаÑионнÑÑ
задаÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑе ÑÑо, возможно, Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° мÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо
ÑвободнÑй доÑÑÑп к инÑоÑмаÑии
+вÑглÑÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´ÑÑ
Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ²Ñм, ÑоÑно Ñакже,
как лозÑнг “инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²
+маÑÑÑ” вÑглÑÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ
оже на ÑÑаÑÑй
лозÑнг “влаÑÑÑ Ð²
+маÑÑÑ”. ЧÑо обÑÑно ÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¸Ð·
Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ — ÑÑо ÑилÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑаваÑ
+напÑавленноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑена ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм — меÑиÑокÑаÑиÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾
жеÑÑокоÑÑи ÑÑеда, идеалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+Ñвободной конкÑÑенÑии; Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑÑнка
гаÑанÑиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо в ÑÑой ÑÑеде вÑживаÑÑ
+ÑолÑко лÑÑÑие идеи и лÑÑÑие игÑоки. С
дÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ, неÑвободнÑе ÑÑандаÑÑÑ
+ведÑÑ Ðº ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑии, ÑменÑÑаÑ
инноваÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ закÑепление полÑÑеннÑÑ
+ÑезÑлÑÑаÑов.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec5">ÐÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑеÑÑвенно, Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, ÑÑо не вÑÑкий пакеÑ
пÑогÑамм легко обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ. Я не говоÑÑ Ð¾ канÑелÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑодÑкÑаÑ
— Ñ ÑвеÑен, ÑÑо
+Ñано или поздно какие-Ñо Ñ
оÑоÑие пÑоекÑÑ
ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебноÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Я говоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
, когда ÑилÑнаÑ
конкÑÑенÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑодÑкÑами пÑакÑиÑеÑки
+не опÑеделÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
пÑогÑаммнÑми ÑаÑÑÑми.
ÐапÑимеÑ, пÑомÑÑленное
+обоÑÑдование, в коÑоÑое вÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñ
какой-Ñо ÑпеÑиалÑной аппаÑаÑÑÑой
+(ÑобоÑом, ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвами ввода-вÑвода,
пеÑиÑеÑийнÑм логиÑеÑким конÑÑоллеÑом и
+Ñ.д.); здеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамма, ÑабоÑаÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°
компÑÑÑеÑе, ÑоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
+ÑаÑÑÑ Ñелого, но ее возможноÑÑи ÑилÑно
влиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑенноÑÑÑ Ð²Ñего
+обоÑÑдованиÑ. ÐÑоизводÑÑво и оÑладка ÑакиÑ
пÑиложений ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑно болÑÑиÑ
+заÑÑаÑ; Ñаким обÑазом, Ñвободное
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа не
+допÑÑкаеÑÑÑ Ð² ÑелÑÑ
заÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
конкÑÑенÑов.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑгой оÑмÑÑленнÑй пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ —
ÑоÑовÑе ÑелеÑонÑ. РниÑ
наÑ
одиÑÑÑ
+много пÑогÑамм, Ñ
оÑÑ ÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи
Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ,
+коÑоÑÑй воÑпÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво как
ÑелеÑон, а не как компÑÑÑеÑ. Такие
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ,
опÑеделÑÑÑий возможноÑÑи ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва в
+Ñелом; из-за иÑ
ведÑÑей ÑÑнкÑионалÑной
Ñоли в ÑÑÑÑойÑÑве они ÑÑÑого
+неÑвободнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑожалениÑ, Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð²Ð¸Ð¶Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑого ÑпоÑоба
оÑвободиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑого
+Ñода. ХоÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÐµÑпокоÑÑ
ÑелеÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ (Ñ Ð²Ñе Ñавно ими не полÑзÑÑÑÑ),
+мне оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÑвидеÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
пÑомÑÑленнÑе пÑиложениÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+иÑ
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкое ÑодеÑжание обÑÑно доÑÑойно
повÑоÑного пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ адапÑаÑии
+к новÑм задаÑам.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>ÐлеÑÑандÑо — авÑÐ¾Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм по пÑоÑеÑÑии и ÑÑоÑонник
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм по пÑизваниÑ. Ðн
надееÑÑÑ, ÑÑо его ÑаÑÑÑÑий Ñебенок бÑдеÑ
+оÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑоÑоне Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑов, как в
добÑÑе ÑÑаÑÑе вÑемена, когда
+Ñакие ÑÑдиÑа вÑегда оÑÑавалиÑÑ Ð² ÑвоиÑ
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкиÑ
зоопаÑкаÑ
. Ðн ÑиÑаеÑ
+ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑ, пÑиÑ
одÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>, и пÑÑаеÑÑÑ
вÑем
+оÑвеÑаÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑепеÑаÑÑваеÑÑÑ Ñ ÑазÑеÑениÑ
“ÐинÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð¶Ð¾Ñнел”.</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Alessandro Rubini<br />Copyright
+© 2014, Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and redistribution of this entire article are permitted in
+any medium, provided this notice and the copyright notice are preserved. <br
+/> (ÐÑквалÑное копиÑование и
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение вÑей ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи
ÑазÑеÑено на
+лÑбом ноÑиÑеле пÑи ÑÑловии, ÑÑо ÑÑо
пÑимеÑание и пÑимеÑание об авÑоÑÑкиÑ
+пÑаваÑ
ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑÑÑ).
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2014/04/19 04:00:14 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html
diff -N po/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/software-libre-commercial-viability.ru-en.html 19 Apr 2014 04:00:15
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Software Libre and Commercial Viability
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/software-libre-commercial-viability.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Software Libre and Commercial Viability</h2>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>(Nov 12th 1998, published in February 1999)</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+by <strong>Alessandro Rubini</strong></p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, Linus' project of world domination is going to come true
+fairly soon. The trend toward this goal can be verified by checking
+how the press is behaving towards GNU/Linux solutions, looking at how
+several educational entities are going to introduce Free Software in
+the schools and verifying its usual technical excellence.</p>
+
+<p>Today in 1998 (yes, it is still 1998 as I write), the most
+important job remaining, in my opinion, is propagating the social and
+commercial implications of Free Software. While I greatly appreciated
+Russell Nelson's article “Open Source Software Model” in
+the July issue of <i>LJ</i>, I feel the need to expand on the points
+he briefly touched.</p>
+
+<p>Please note that I'm not an expert in economics or politics. I'm
+just a build-it-yourself kind of technical guy whose discussion is
+based on his own experience in the battle for survival, in the hopes
+of helping someone else adapt to new environmental conditions. Some of
+these ideas have already been discussed with friends or on the Free
+Software Business mailing list
+(<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>),
+which I joined after reading Russell's article.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec1">Viability for Individual Consultants</h3>
+
+<p>The best feature of any computer system is flexibility —
+allowing users to tailor its behaviour to their own needs. This
+flexibility is often completely unknown to the general computer user,
+because proprietary software solutions tend to hide functionality
+behind a rigid external interface which denies any divergence from the
+expected behaviour—a <i>user's</i> behaviour.</p>
+
+<p>When adopting Free Software, users are able to discover the real
+power of computer systems. Today I talked with a commercial consultant
+who never thought that programs could be adapted to one's needs. He
+confessed his company has always acted the other way around—they
+adapted their needs to the software they use. Most users are victims
+of their software and don't even realize it.</p>
+
+<p>Educating the user base about the extendibility of software will
+open new markets to independent consultants, creating new employment
+opportunities. Every user has different needs and solving these needs
+often means calling for technical support from people who tailor or
+enhance the relevant software. While this is not even imaginable with
+proprietary programs, source availability allows any problem that
+might arise to be quickly solved and new features to be easily
+added. While you may think this would quickly lead to a <i>perfect</i>
+software package, individual needs are so diverse and specialized that
+a package can't satisfy everyone.</p>
+
+<p>For example, I and others wrote a program for a local physiology
+center to analyze data for a typical kind of experiment. During two
+years of use, the physicians found so many ways to enhance the program
+that it is now reported as better than the commercial solutions. The
+total of all fees they paid during these years reveals the program to
+be more expensive in the end than some of the commercial
+alternatives. This fact is not relevant to my clients, as they have
+exactly what they want and they know they can have more should the
+need arise. The program is obviously Free Software and other centers
+expressed interest in getting a copy.</p>
+
+<p>As more and more people are choosing Free Software to address their
+needs, I'm sure some software companies will try to demonize GNU/Linux
+and both the Free Software and the Open Source movements because they
+are losing their own market share. Such companies will probably try to
+demonstrate that IT employment is decreasing and that humankind is
+being damaged by the general adoption of Free Software. This whole
+argument is bogus; computers exist to be programmed, and the more you
+allow programming them, the more you build employment opportunities.
+If you count the number of people who offer Free Software consulting,
+you will greatly exceed any shrinkage of proprietary companies.
+Sticking to my previous example, the physiology lab hired my company
+to write the program, and other centers interested in the product are
+willing to hire a local consultant for installing, maintaining and
+enhancing our package. Did I say “enhance”? Isn't the
+program working? Yes, the program is working well, but there <i>is</i>
+room for enhancement of the product. The local lab decided to stop
+development “because we must run our experiment rather than
+invent new software features”. As anyone knows, every program
+has a bug and a missing feature, and this is where we build our
+credibility: bugs <i>can</i> be fixed and features <i>can</i> be
+implemented. As I suggested before, the more you make things
+programmable, the more they will be programmed.</p>
+
+<p>Why should there be more employment opportunities in IT than there
+are now? First of all, because Free Software users have more requests
+for new features than users of proprietary products do, as explained
+above. Next, because anyone can build her own professionalism without
+paying tributes to access the sources of information. I built my own
+expertise by studying source code and trying things out on my own
+low-end PC. Now I am confident I can solve any problem my clients
+might have, and my clients know I can (provided I am given enough time
+to deal with the problem).</p>
+
+<p>Another critical point in addition to source availability is
+standardization on file formats, a field where proprietary products
+are revealing their worst features. Let's imagine an environment where
+every file format in the system was known: you could, for example,
+create indexes from any document that is produced, thus easing later
+retrieval. This can be accomplished off-line without any load on
+non-technical personnel. Asynchronous reuse of data is “rocket
+science” for many users, because they are accustomed to programs
+that use proprietary file formats (and operating systems with no real
+multi-tasking or “cron” capabilities). As soon as free
+standards are adopted, users begin asking for customizations and are
+willing to pay for anything that will increase their productivity.
+Moreover, free standards guarantee that customers are not making the
+wrong bet, as they won't ever be stuck with unusable data if the
+software market changes.</p>
+
+<p>While the conventional model of software distribution concentrates
+all knowledge in a few companies (or one of them), open standards
+leverage technical knowledge to anyone willing to learn. Whereas a
+proprietary product can be supported only by a limited number of
+qualified consultants (whose number and quality is centrally managed),
+the number of consultants supporting a Free Software solution is
+virtually unlimited and the offer can quickly adapt to the request.</p>
+
+<p>In a world where computers are just tools to accomplish some other
+goals, easy customization and quick maintenance are basic requirements
+of power users. In my opinion, Free Software will quickly gain the
+trust it needs to be a real market phenomenon. As soon as you start to
+trust some Free Software products, you learn that they deserve more.
+GNU/Linux fans must be ready to offer support in order to fulfill the
+upcoming need for consultants.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec2">Viability for Support Companies</h3>
+
+<p>Obviously, independent consultants don't cover all the needs of
+computer users. Several activities can't be handled by
+individuals. Red Hat and S.u.S.E. are demonstrating that creating and
+maintaining a distribution can be a good source of revenue even when
+the product is freely redistributable. Debian-based efforts are on the
+way, although less advanced—mainly because both Red Hat and
+S.u.S.E. bundled proprietary products with libre packages in order to
+survive while the market share was low, while Debian has always been
+completely detached from proprietary products, and still is.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to “creating and packaging” or
+“collecting and packaging” jobs, companies can specialize
+in technical support, covering the situations where computer systems
+are of critical importance. Big business realities using computer
+systems in their productive environment won't be satisfied with either
+the external consultant or the in-house technician. They need to rely
+on an external structure that guarantees round-the-clock operation of
+their technological aids.</p>
+
+<p>Even if GNU/Linux or any other operating system is demonstrated to
+be completely reliable, power users will need to rely on a support
+company as a form of insurance. The more important computers are for a
+production environment, the more people are willing to pay to be
+reassured that everything will go on working and to have someone
+“responsible” to call in case of any failure. Such a
+“power user” support contract could also include a
+provision for refunds in case of down time. Big support companies will
+be able to efficiently deal with it, and clients will be happy to pay
+high rates even if they never need to call for assistance.</p>
+
+<p>In short, I see no need for software companies to keep exclusive
+rights on their products; the support environment is big enough to
+offer good business positions in Information Technologies. Those who
+want to be at the top could use some of the revenue to pay for Free
+Software development, thus gaining access to the best software before
+anyone else and associating their name with software products. As a
+matter of fact, this practice is already pursued by the big
+distributions.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec3">Viability for Education Centers</h3>
+
+<p>Needless to say, schools and universities have the best interest in
+teaching information technologies using Free Software tools. Due to
+its technical superiority, Free Software environments have more to
+offer to the students, but also need more technical knowledge to be
+proficiently administered. I see no money saved here in choosing Free
+operating systems over proprietary ones, but educational entities
+could better spend their money on hiring system administrators than on
+subsidizing some already-too-wealthy commercial software company.
+While my country, Italy, is stuck with a few rules that offer more
+support for buying things rather than for employing people, other
+countries are already moving in the right direction—Mexico and
+France, for example, have announced plans to use GNU/Linux in their
+public schools.</p>
+
+<p>One more point leads toward Free Software in education: when
+students get jobs, they prefer to use tools they learned at school in
+order to minimize extra learning efforts. This fact should lead
+colleges to teach only those tools not owned by anyone—those
+that are libre. Schools should teach proprietary software only if two
+conditions apply: no viable alternative is available, and the company
+that distributes such software <i>pays</i> the school for teaching its
+product. Paying someone for a product in order to advertising it for
+him is definitely nonsense.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec4">Social Issues</h3>
+
+<p>A few social issues relate to choosing one software model over
+another one. Although I mark them as social, they have economic
+implications as well.</p>
+
+<p>
+While Free Software may not be cheaper than proprietary software if
+you bill for your own time, some environments use different rates in
+converting time to money. Most emerging countries have good
+intellectual resources but little money, and they usually have many
+not-so-new computers as well. Proprietary operating systems are
+unaffordable for them, but free solutions are viable and
+productive. Actually, the “Halloween” document supports my
+point by underlining that “Linux” is growing very fast in
+the Far East. Charity organizations usually have this same
+environment—little money and a good amount of human
+resources. This leads straight to the Free Software model for any IT
+requirement.</p>
+
+<p>These ideas will probably suggest that free availability of
+information looks fairly leftist in spirit, as “information to
+the masses” looks quite similar to the old adage “power to
+the masses”. What is usually ignored is the strong rightist
+flavour of the Free Software movement. The Free Software arena is
+fiercely meritocratic and a perfect environment for free competition,
+where the laws of the market ensure that only the best ideas and the
+best players survive. Proprietary standards, on the other hand, tend
+to diminish competition by decreasing innovation and consolidating
+previous results.</p>
+
+<h3 id="sec5">Limits of the Free Software Model</h3>
+
+<p>Naturally, I'm aware that not every software package can easily be
+turned into Free Software. I'm not talking about office
+products—I'm confident some good projects will supply this need,
+sooner or later.</p>
+
+<p>Rather, I'm talking about all environments where a strong
+competition exists for a product only loosely based on its software
+component. For example, industrial equipment might include a computer
+and some commodity hardware (a robot, custom I/O peripherals,
+<abbr title="Programmable logic controller">PLC</abbr>s, etc.); the
+software application hosted in the computer is a minor part of the
+whole, but its features greatly affect the overall value of the
+equipment. Producing and debugging such applications usually require
+huge investments; free redistribution of source code is thus prevented
+as a form of protection against competitors.</p>
+
+<p>Another meaningful example is cell telephones. They include a lot
+of software, even though this software is almost invisible to the end
+user, who perceives the device as a telephone and not a computer. Such
+software is the component that defines the overall capabilities of the
+device; because of its major functional role in the device it is
+strictly proprietary.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, I see no easy way to liberalize this type of code.
+Although I don't care too much about cell phones (I don't use them :),
+I would really like to see free industrial applications because their
+technological content is usually worth reusing and adapting to new
+problems.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>Alessandro writes Free Software for a living and advocates Free
+Software for a mission. He hopes his upcoming child will keep off
+computers, recalling the good old times when such beasts where
+confined to their technical zoos. He reads e-mail
+as <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a> trying
+to reply to everyone.</p>
+
+<p>Reprinted with permission of Linux Journal.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Alessandro Rubini</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and redistribution of this entire article are permitted
+in any medium provided this notice and the copyright notice are preserved.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2014/04/19 04:00:15 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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