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www gnusflashes.bg.include gnusflashes.fr.inclu...
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www gnusflashes.bg.include gnusflashes.fr.inclu... |
|
Date: |
Wed, 04 Feb 2009 09:28:28 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 09/02/04 09:28:28
Modified files:
. : gnusflashes.bg.include gnusflashes.fr.include
gnusflashes.it.include
philosophy : philosophy.pt-br.html
philosophy/po : lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po philosophy.pt-br.po
your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po
server : whatsnew.ar.include whatsnew.bg.include
whatsnew.fr.include whatsnew.it.include
whatsnew.sr.include whatsnew.uk.include
software/po : reliability.ml.po
Added files:
events/po : rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot
philosophy : your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.html
software : reliability.ml.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnusflashes.bg.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnusflashes.fr.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnusflashes.it.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/events/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.ar.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.bg.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.fr.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.it.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.sr.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/whatsnew.uk.include?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/reliability.ml.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/reliability.ml.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: gnusflashes.bg.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnusflashes.bg.include,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- gnusflashes.bg.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:38 -0000 1.18
+++ gnusflashes.bg.include 4 Feb 2009 09:27:48 -0000 1.19
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!--Automatically generated by GNUN; do not edit!-->
+ <p>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF documents
instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about Free
Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</p>
<p>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</p>
<p>С днеÑноÑо издание на âУиндоÑÑ 7â за
пÑблиÑно ÑеÑÑване ФСС обÑвÑва победа на
кампаниÑÑа BadVista.org. <a
href="http://badvista.org";>ÐÑоÑеÑеÑе и ÑподелеÑе
обÑвлениеÑо</a>.</p>
- <p>If your school is committed to Free Software then we want to hear from
you so that we can list it. Has your school migrated to GNU/Linux, or has your
school adopted the firm policy of rejecting proprietary software? If so,
contact the webmasters at <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> to
let us know.</p>
Index: gnusflashes.fr.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnusflashes.fr.include,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- gnusflashes.fr.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:38 -0000 1.10
+++ gnusflashes.fr.include 4 Feb 2009 09:27:48 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!--Automatically generated by GNUN; do not edit!-->
+ <p>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF documents
instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about Free
Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</p>
<p>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</p>
<p>Avec la publication de la version beta publique de Windows 7 aujourd'hui,
la FSF déclare sa victoire pour sa campagne BadVista.org. <a
href="http://badvista.org";>Lisez et partagez l'annonce complète</a>.</p>
- <p>If your school is committed to Free Software then we want to hear from
you so that we can list it. Has your school migrated to GNU/Linux, or has your
school adopted the firm policy of rejecting proprietary software? If so,
contact the webmasters at <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> to
let us know.</p>
Index: gnusflashes.it.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnusflashes.it.include,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- gnusflashes.it.include 31 Jan 2009 21:27:27 -0000 1.46
+++ gnusflashes.it.include 4 Feb 2009 09:27:48 -0000 1.47
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!--Automatically generated by GNUN; do not edit!-->
+ <p>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF documents
instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about Free
Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</p>
<p>La FSF ha pubblicato una nuova <a
href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">nuova GCC Runtime Library Exception</a> che
permetterà di aggiornare alla licenza GPLv3 l'intero codice di <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> e di permettere lo sviluppo di un framework per i
plugin di GCC.</p>
<p>Visto il rilascio odierno della versione beta di Windows 7, la FSF
dichiara vinta la campagna BadVista.org. <a href="http://badvista.org";>Leggete
e diffondete l'annuncio</a> (in inglese).</p>
- <p>If your school is committed to Free Software then we want to hear from
you so that we can list it. Has your school migrated to GNU/Linux, or has your
school adopted the firm policy of rejecting proprietary software? If so,
contact the webmasters at <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> to
let us know.</p>
Index: philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html 6 Jan 2009 23:22:45 -0000 1.2
+++ philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html 4 Feb 2009 09:28:00 -0000 1.3
@@ -1,907 +1,479 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="pt">
-
-<head>
-<title>Filosofia do Projeto GNU - Fundação pelo Software Livre (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="mailto:address@hidden"; />
-</head>
-
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
-<body>
-<p><a href="#translations">Traduções</a> desta página</p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
-<h3>Filosofia do Projeto GNU</h3>
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Filosofia do Projeto GNU â Projeto GNU â Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-<p>
-<a href="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><img
src="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [imagem de um Gnu Filosófico] "
- WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="200"></a>
-<p>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<h2>Filosofia do Projeto GNU</h2>
-<hr />
-<p>
-Este diretório descreve a filosofia do Movimento pelo Software Livre,
-que é a nossa motivação para o desenvolvimento do sistema operacional
-livre GNU.</p>
-
-<h4>Conteúdo</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#AboutFreeSoftware"
- id="TOCAboutFreeSoftware">Sobre o Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#AbouttheGNUproject"
- id="TOCAbouttheGNUproject">Sobre o projeto GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#LicensingFreeSoftware"
- id="TOCLicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando o Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#Laws"
- id="TOCLaws">Leis</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TerminologyandDefinitions"
- id="TOCTerminologyandDefinitions">Terminologia e
definições</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#GIFs"
- id="TOCGIFs">GIFs</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#Motivation"
- id="TOCMotivation">Motivação</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#Speeches"
- id="TOCSpeeches">Discursos e Entrevistas</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#ThirdPartyIdeas"
- id="TOCThirdPartyIdeas">Ideias de terceiros</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#misc"
- id="TOCMisc">Micelânea</a></li>
- <li><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#Translations"
- id="TOCTranslations">Traduções destes documentos</a></li>
-</ul>
+<p>Esta página lita uma série de artigos descrevendo a filosofia do movimento
+de programs livres, que é nossa motivação para desenvolver o sistema
+operacional livre GNU.</p>
-<!-- please leave both these NAME attributes here. ... -->
+<p>
-<a name="TOCFreedomOrganizations">Nós</a>
-<a name="FreedomOrganizations">também</a>
+<!-- please leave both these ID attributes here. ... -->
<!-- ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the -->
<!-- same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users -->
<!-- have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len -->
-mantemos uma lista de
-<a
href="/links/links.pt-br.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizações
-que trabalham para a liberdade nos computadores e nas
comunicações
-eletrônicas</a>.</p>
-
-<hr />
+<a id = "TOCFreedomOrganizations">Também</a> <a id =
+"FreedomOrganizations">mantemos</a> uma lista de <a href =
+"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizações que Trabalham pela
+Liberdade no Desenvolvimento de Informática e nas Comunicações
+Eletrânicas</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="aboutfs">Sobre Programas Livres</h3>
+<p>
+Informática é uma questão de liberdade: as pessoas deveriam ter a liberdade
+de usar programas de todas as maneiras socialmente úteis. Programas de
+computador diferem de objetos materiais â como cadeiras, sanduÃches e
+gasolina â em que podem ser copiados e alterados muito mais facilmente.
+Essas possibilidades tornam os programas tão úteis; cremos que usuários de
+Informática deveriam poder utilizá-las.</p>
+
+<!-- I don't think it's good idea to link specific translation -->
+<!-- (e.g. foo.fr.html) from here. It would be better to link them -->
+<!-- from philosophy.fr.html and the original documents. -mhatta -->
+<ul>
+ <li><a href = "/philosophy/free-sw.html">O Que São Programas
Livres?</a></li>
+ <li><a href = "/philosophy/why-free.html">Porque Programas Não Deviam Ter
+Donos</a></li>
+ <li><a href = "/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Porque Programas Não Deviam
Ter
+Donos</a> (ensaio mais velho e longo sobre o mesmo tema do anterior)</li>
+ <li><a href = "/philosophy/free-doc.html">Porque Programas Programas Livres
+Precisam de Documentos Livres</a></li>
+ <li><a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Vender Programas Livres</a> Não Tem
+Problema!</li>
+ <li><a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categorias de Programas Livres e
+Não-Livres</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/software/reliability.html">Free Software is More
Reliable!</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why “Open
+Source” misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU, and
Freedom</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">Regarding
Gnutella</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/schools.html">Why Schools Should Use Exclusively
Free
+Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom and You</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 Years of Free
+Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Free Software
movement</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">Your Freedom
+Needs Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">Guidelines
+for Free System Distributions</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="aboutgnu">About the GNU Operating System</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial announcement of the GNU
+Operating System</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU Manifesto</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">Brief history of the GNU Project</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU Project</a>, a longer and more
+complete description of the project and its history.</li>
+ <li><a href="/fsf/fsf.html">What is the Free Software Foundation?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information on licensing and
+copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/license-list.html">A list of specific free software
+licenses</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions About the GNU
+Licenses</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">Why You Shouldn't Use the Lesser
GPL
+for Your Next Library</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">Copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Why Copyleft?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/university.html">Releasing Free Software if You
Work at
+a University</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic
Idealism</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/vaccination.html">Viral Code and Vaccination</a>, an
+article by Robert J. Chassell</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html";>Censorship
envy
+and licensing</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">The X Window System Trap</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">The Problems of the Apple
License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">The BSD License Problem</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">The Netscape Public License Has
+Serious Problems</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">The Free Software Movement and
UDI</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">It's not the Gates, it's the bars</a>,
an
+article by Richard Stallman published in BBC News in 2008</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Is Microsoft the Great
Satan?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">The Microsoft Antitrust
Trial
+and Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">On the Microsoft
Verdict</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">Microsoft's New
+Monopoly</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">The Problems of
+the Plan 9 License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">The New Motif
License</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Using the GNU
FDL</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">The GNU
GPL
+and the American Way</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">The
GNU
+GPL and the American Dream</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">Enforcing the
GNU
+GPL</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">Freedom
or
+Power?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">We
Can
+Put an End to Word Attachments</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">Free But Shackled -
The
+Java Trap</a> (Although as of December 2006 Sun is in the middle of <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>re-releasing its
+Java platform under GNU GPL</a>, the issue described in this article still
+remains important)</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html"
+id="FightingSoftwarePatents">Fighting Software Patents - Singly and
+Together</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
+id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a>, by
+Richard M. Stallman, speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent
+(6,935,954) covers making game characters start to hallucinate when
+(according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty
+close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article.
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">GPL-compliant version of
RTLinux
+Open Patent License in Works</a></li>
+</ul>
-<p>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCAboutFreeSoftware"
- id="AboutFreeSoftware">Sobre o Software Livre</a></h4>
-<p>
-O Software Livre é uma questão de liberdade: as pessoas devem ser
-livres para usar o software de todas as maneiras que sejam socialmente
-úteis. O Software diverge de objectos materias--tais como cadeiras,
-sanduiches e gasolina--devido a poder ser copiado e mudado mais
-facilmente. Estas possibilidades tornam o software útil como ele
é.
-Nós acreditamos que os utilizadores de software devem poder fazer uso
-dele.
-</p>
+<h3 id="Laws">Laws and Issues</h3>
+<h4>Copyright</h4>
<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">O que é o Software
Livre?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.pt-br.html">Porque
- é que o software não devia ter
proprietários</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html">Porque
- é que o Software devia ser livre</a>. (Este é um texto
mais antigo
- e mais longo sobre o mesmo tópico que o anterior.)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.pt-br.html">Porque é que o Software
Livre
- precisa de documentação livre</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.pt-br.html">Vender Software Livre</a>
- é aceitável!</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.pt-br.html">Categorias de Software Livre
- e não Livre (18k caracteres)</a></li>
- <li>Software Livre é mais
- <a href="/software/reliability.pt-br.html">confiável</a>!</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">"Software Aberto" é
- sinônimo de "Software Livre"</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.slackware.com/book/index.php?source=x68.html";>Software
- Aberto e Software Livre</a>, um documento explicando as diferenças
- entre as filosofias do Software Livre e do Software Aberto, pelo
- projeto Slackware.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU, e
- Liberdade</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.pt-br.html">Sobre o Gnutella</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/schools.html">Porque escolas deveriam usar
- apenas Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">A comunidade do Software
Livre
- após 20 anos</a>, com um grande sucesso porém incompleto, e
agora?</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom e Você</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCAbouttheGNUproject"
- id="AbouttheGNUproject">Sobre o projeto GNU</a></h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.pt-br.html">Anúncio inicial do
- projeto GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pt-br.html">O Manifesto GNU (31k
caracteres)</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pt-br.html">História breve do projeto
GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">O projeto GNU</a>,
- uma descrição mais longa e mais completa do projeto e da
sua história.</li>
- <li><a href="/fsf/fsf.pt-br.html">O que é a Fundação
para o Software Livre?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt-br.html">Porque GNU/Linux?</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCLicensingFreeSoftware"
- id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando o Software Livre</a></h4>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/license-list.pt-br.html">Licensas de software
livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html">O que é o
Copyleft?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.pt-br.html">Perguntas Frequentes sobre a
Licença
- Pública Geral do GNU (GPL)</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Por que é que não
deve usar a GPL para bibliotecas (LGPL) para a sua próxima
biblioteca.</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Por que Copyleft?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/university.pt-br.html">Lançe Software Livre caso
você trabalhe em uma Universidade</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.pt-br.html">Copyleft: Idealismo
Pragmático</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">A ratoeira do X Windows</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">Os problemas da Licença
Apple</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bsd.pt-br.html">O problema da Licença
BSD</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">A licença pública
da Netscape tem sérios problemas</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">O movimento para o Software Livre e a
UDI</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">É a Microsoft o grande
satanás?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">O julgamento
anti-monopolio contra a Microsoft e o Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">O veredito da
Microsoft</a></li>
- <li> <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html">Os problemas na licença do
Plan9</a></li>
- <li> <a href="/philosophy/motif.html">A nova licença do Motif</a></li>
- <li> <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html">Usando a GNU FDL</a></li>
- <li> <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.pt-br.html">A GNU GPL e o Modo
Americano de Viver</a></li>
- <li> <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html">A GNU GPL e o Sonho
Americano</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.pt-br.html"
- name="EnforcingGPL">Fazendo Valer a GNU GPL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.pt-br.html"
- name="FreedomOrPower">Liberdade ou Poder?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.pt-br.html"
- name="NoWordAttachments">Nós Podemos Pôr um Fim aos Anexos [de e-mail] do
Word</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">Livre porém Amarrado
- A armadilha do Java</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.pt-br.html"
id="FightingSoftwarePatents">Lutando contra patentes de software - Uma a uma e
todas juntas</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCLaws"
- name="Laws">Leis</a></h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="http://counterpunch.org/baker08192004.html";>
- Por que necessitamos de máquinas de votação livres</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">World Summit on the Information
- Society</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">A posição da FSF quanto Ã
polÃtica
- de patentes livres de royalties do W3</a>, reescrita</li>
- <li>Comentários de Richard Stallman sobre
- <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">a rejeição da Diretiva de
- Aplicação da Propriedade Intelectial do ICLC</a></li>
- <li>Richard Stallman escreveu
- <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">uma análise de "The case
- against intellectual property.", por Boldrin e Levine</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU, e Linux</a>,
- de Richard Stallman, discute como o processo da SCO contra a IBM afeta o
- trabalho do projeto GNU. Por favor veja a
- <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">página de resposta da FSF à SCO</a>
- para mais detalhes sobre este assunto.</li>
- <li>Uma versão ligeiramente modificada do artigo
- <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">That's fighting talk</a>,
- publicado originalmente no <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk";>The
Guardian</a>
- de Londres por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>
- e Nick Hill.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Ebooks: Liberdade ou Copyright</a>, uma
- versão modificada do artigo, originalmente publicado na Technology Review
- em 2000, por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html">O prefácio, por
- Lawrence Lessig</a> para o
- livro <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><i>Software
- Livre, Sociedade Livre: Artigos selecionados de of Richard
- M. Stallman</i></a> está disponÃvel para leitura.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Erros de
interpretação do
- Copyright</a> é outro artigo de <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard
- Stallman</a> sobre as falhas em defesas populares das leis de
copyright.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Você pode confiar no seu
- computador?</a>, um trabalho de <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard
- Stallman</a> sobre as assim chamadas "iniciativas de computação
confiável".</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">Participação da FSF no caso
- Eldred contra a Suprema Corte de Ashcroft</a></li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";>A
ciência
- deveria "deixar de lado o copyright"</a>, outro trabalho de Richard Stallman,
- explica como o copyright tem impedido o progresso na pesquisa cientÃfica.
- <ul>
- <li>Você também pode se interessar pela <a
href="http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org";>Biblioteca
- Pública de Ciência</a>, que é dedicada a tornar a pesquisa cientÃfica
livremente disponÃvel para todos na
- Internet.</li>
- <li>Um
- <a
href="http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v425/n6960/full/425752b_fs.html";>artigo
- relacionado</a> descreve como as principais organizações cientÃficas da
- Alemanha fizeram uma declaração conjunta apoiando a disponibilização
- livre de informações cientÃficas pela Internet.</li>
- </ul></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">Declaração da FSF em resposta
- à proposta de revisão do julgamento final da Microsoft contra os Estados
- Unidos, submetida ao Departamento de Justiça dos EUA, de acordo com
- a Lei de Tunney</a>.</li>
-
- <li>Em <a
href="http://www.eff.org/Legal/Cases/Felten_v_RIAA/20010606_eff_felten_pr.html";>Felten
- v. RIAA</a>, cientistas são questionados por uma corte que determina que
- o Digital Millennium Copyright Act não os proÃbe de publicar sua pesquisa.
-</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.eff.org/pub/Intellectual_property/Video/MPAA_DVD_cases/";>O
arquivo
- da EFF sobre os "Casos de Propriedade Intelectial no DVD da MPAA
- (Motion Picture Association of America)"</li>
-
- <!-- bronek link
- <li><a href="http://www.oneworld.org/globalprojects/humcdrom/copyrigh.htm";>
- Exemplos de excelentes políticas de Copyright</a></li>
- -->
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reavaliando o
- Copyright: o interesse público deve prevalecer</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pt-br.html">O direito a ler: uma
história curta</a> de
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a>
- (<a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html">Tradução
Francesa</a>)</li>
- <li><a href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/eldredvreno/complaint.html";>Eldred
- contra Reno</a> é sobre um processo legal para abolir uma lei
que extende
- o copyright por 20 anos extra.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">São necessários
voluntários para
- software de encriptação nos países sem controlo de
exportação</a>.</li>
- <li>Como protejer o <a href="/philosophy/protecting.pt-br.html">Direito a
escrever
- Software</a> (independentemente de ser livre ou não)
- <li><a href="/philosophy/dat.html">O caminho correcto para o imposto DAT (22k
- caracteres)</a></li>
- <li>Como proteger os
- <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.pt-br.html">direitos de
- expressão, imprensa e associação</a>
- na Internet</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">A reforma das
patentes
- não é suficiente</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Salvando a Europa das
- patentes de software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boicotem a Amazon!</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Porque é que temos de lutar
contra UCITA</a>
- por
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/00/11/27/001127opfoster.xml";>Um
- mundo com UCITA pode permitir que a impressão de qualidade seja mais
importante
- do que fazer a coisa certa</a> por Ed Foster <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Misinterpreting
+Copyright</a> is another essay by <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard
+Stallman</a> about the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">Liberdade ou
Copyright?</a>
- por <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the
+Eldred v. Ashcroft Supreme Court case</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";>Inovação
- sequencial, patentes e imitação</a> é um artigo que apresenta um
- modelo matemático demonstrando como as patentes podem impedir o
- progresso em áreas como software</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">Science must “push
+copyright aside”</a>, another work of <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> that appeared in the <a
+href="http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";>
+Nature Webdebates</a> in 2001, explains how copyright is impeding progress
+in scientific research. You may also be interested in <a
+href="http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org";>The Public Library of
+Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely
+available to all on the Internet.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.carnall.org/stallman/";>Copyright
- versus Comunidade na era das redes de computadores</a> é uma
transcrição
- não-editada de uma palestra apresentada por
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> na Logiciel Libre
- Conference em Julho de 2000.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reevaluating Copyright:
+The Public must prevail</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/hague.pt-br.html">O Perigo de Haya</a>
+ <li><a
+href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html";>
+Eldred v. Reno</a> is about a lawsuit to overturn a law that extends
+copyright by 20 extra years.</li>
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">Freedom-Or
Copyright?</a>,
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> (an <a
+href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a> of this
+essay remains online as well).</li>
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html"
id="StallmanTalkLSM">
+Copyright versus community in the age of computer networks</a>: is a
+verbatim transcript of a talk by <a href="http://www.stallman.org";> Richard
+Stallman</a> at the Logiciel Libre Conference in July 2000.</li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/feedback/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>Uma
tradução para o inglês</a> da
- famosa decisão da Corte Distrital de Munich (Alemanha) sobre a
- validade e aplicabilidade da GPL. A tradução foi feita pelo
- Instutituto de Internet de Oxford.</a></li>
+ <li><a
+href="http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/feedback/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>
+An English translation</a> of the famous decision of the District Court of
+Munich (Germany) regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL. The
+translation was done by the Oxford Internet Institute.</li>
+
+<!-- This link is broken
+ <li><a href="http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm";>Examples of
+ Excellent Copyright Policies</a></li>
+ -->
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.xhtml">Você disse "Propriedade
Intelectual"?
- Ã uma miragem sedutora</a>. Um artigo sobre o verdadeiro significado da
- frase "Propriedade Intelectual", por Richard M. Stallman</li>
+<h4>Digital Restrictions Management</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/BR33.2/stallman.php";>The root of
this
+problem is software controlled by its developer</a>, by
+Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-</ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">Computing
+“progress”: good and bad</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/why-audio-format-matters.html">Why Audio Format
+matters</a> by Karl Fogel</li>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCTerminologyandDefinitions"
- id="TerminologyandDefinitions">Terminologia e
Definições</a></h4>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">Opposing Digital Rights
+Mismanagement</a>, by Richard M. Stallman, answers a few common questions
+about DRM.</li>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.pt-br.html">Palavras confusas</a>
- que devem ser evitadas</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">"Software Aberto"
ou "Software Livre"</a>?</li>
<li>Richard Stallman escreveu uma
- <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.pt-br.html">carta para o editor</a> do
Dr. Dobb's Journal
- em Junho para clarificar a diferença entre os movimentos do software livre
e do software aberto.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorias de Software livre
- e não livre (18k characters)</a></li>
-</ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a> a
+slightly modified version of the article, originally published in Technology
+Review in 2000, by <a href="http://www.stallman.org";> Richard Stallman</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Can you trust your
computer?</a>, a
+work by <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> about the
+so-called “trusted computing” initiatives.</li>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCGIFs"
- name="GIFs">GIFs</a></h4>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right to Read: A Dystopian
+Short Story</a> by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";> Richard
Stallman</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h4>The propaganda term <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">
+“Intellectual Property”</a></h4>
<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Porque é que não há
ficheiros GIF
- no servidor de páginas da GNU</a>
-</ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">Don't Let “Intellectual
+Property” Twist Your Ethos</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
+ <li>Comments from Richard Stallman on <a
href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">the
+ICLC's rejection of the IP Enforcement Directive</a></li>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCMotivation"
- name="Motivation">Motivação</a></h4>
+ <li>Richard Stallman has written <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">a
+review of Boldrin and Levine's “The case against intellectual
+property.”</a></li>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/motivation.html">Estudos descobrem que as
- recompensas frequentemente não são a motivação.</a>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Did You Say “Intellectual
+Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>. An essay on the true meaning
+of the phrase “Intellectual Property”, by Richard M. Stallman</li>
</ul>
-
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCSpeeches"
- name="Speeches">Discursos e Entrevistas (em ordem cronológica
inversa)</a></h4>
-
+<h4>Patents</h4>
<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">FSF's Position on W3 Consortium
+“Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a> rewritten</li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/nit-india.html">Transcrição da palestra</a>
apresentada
- por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a> no
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Trichy, Ãndia, em 17 de Fevereiro de
2004.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">That's fighting talk</a> a
+slightly modified version of the article, originally published in <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk";>The Guardian</a> of London by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> and Nick Hill.</li>
-<li>Entrevista de <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> para
o <a
href="http://www.neteconomie.com/perl/navig.pl/neteconomie/infos/impression/20041208104640";>NetEconomie.com</a>
(em Francês), 10 de Dezembro de 2004</li>
+ <li>How to Protect the <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Right to Write
+Software</a> (independent of whether it's free or not)</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.ariel.com.au/essays/rms-unsw-2004-10-14.html";>Sinopse
de
- uma palestra</a> apresentada por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard
M. Stallman</a> sobre patentes de software em 14 de Outubro de 2004.</li>
+ <li>In <a
+href="http://www.eff.org/IP/DMCA/Felten_v_RIAA/20010606_eff_felten_pr.html";>
+Felten v. RIAA</a>, scientists are asking a court to rule that the Digital
+Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from publishing their
+research.</li>
-<li><a href="http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~fsanchez/rms/"; >
- Página com entervistas (áudio e vÃdeo) de palestras em Madrid (Maio de
2004)</a>
- apresentadas por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a>
(site
- em espanhol)
- </li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.eff.org/IP/Video/MPAA_DVD_cases/";>EFF
+“Intellectual Property: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America)
+DVD Cases” Archive</a></li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.html" >
- Transcrição de uma palestra</a> apresentada pelo <a
href="http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/"; >Prof. Eben Moglen</a>
- em Harvard no dia 23 de Fevereiro de 2004.</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/wsis-2003.html">Transcrição de uma palestra</a>
apresentada
- por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a> no WSIS em
- 16 de Julho de 2003.</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/rieti.html">Transcrição de uma palestra</a>
apresentada
- por <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a> em
- 21 de Abril de 2003.</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#RUTGERS2003">Gravação de áudio da
- palestra <cite>Liberdade de Software e a Geração GNU</cite>, apresentada
por
- Bradley M. Kuhn</a> em 22 de Abril de 2003.</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#CAMB2002">Gravação de áudio da
- palestra <cite>Patentes de Software: Obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de
- software</cite>, apresentada por
- Richard M. Stallman na Universidade de Cambridge, Inglaterra</a>
- no dia 25 de Março de 2002. Também está disponÃvel uma <a
-
href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html";>transcrição</a>
- da palestra.</li>
-
-<li>Entervista com <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>, <a
href="http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp";>
- <cite>Perché l'open source non è tutto</cite>, em
italiano,</a>
- para o website Mytech em 22 de Abril de 2003. (O tÃtulo significa
<cite>Porque
- Software Aberto não é tudo</cite>.)</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#QMUL2002">Gravação de áudio da
- palestra <cite>Copyright vs Comunidade na era das redes de
computadores</cite>,
- apresentada por Richard M. Stallman na Universidade Rainha Maria de
Londres,
- Inglaterra</a>, em 12 de Fevereiro de 2002.</li>
-
-<li><a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais/rms-speech-paris-30-jan-2002.ogg";>Gravação
de áudio da
- palestra <cite>l'éthique du système GNU/Linux et de la
communauté des logiciels libres, les tâches à accomplir et
les risques à envisager</cite>, apresentada por
- Richard M. Stallman no CNIT à la Défense, Paris, França.</a>
- em 27 de Janeiro de 2002.</li>
-
-<li><a
href="http://www.april.org/actions/rms/20011120/stream.html";>Gravações de
- áudio e uma transcriçao parcial</a> da conferência apresentada por
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a> ao French
National Assembly em 20 de Novembro de 2001.</li>
-
-<li><a href="/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html">Transcrição da palestra,
- <cite>O Perigo das Patentes de Software</cite></a> por
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard M. Stallman</a> apresetada no
- Government Model Engineering College, India em 24 de July de2001.
- Além disso, o MEC publicou uma <a
href="http://www.mec.ac.in/events/rms/";>gravação
- de áudio e transcrição</a> em seu site web.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.html">Entrevista</a> de
- <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> com Louis
Suarez-Potts em Maio de 2001.
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#NYU2001">Gravação de áudio
- da palestra <i>Software Livre: Liberdade e Cooperação</i></a>
- apesentada por Richard M. Stallman na Universidade de Nova York. Também
temos uma
- <a href="/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pt-br.txt">transcrição da
palestra</a>.
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#MIT2001">Gravação de áudio
- da palestra <i>Copyright e Globalização na era das Redes de
Computadores</i></a>
- apesentada por Richard M. Stallman no MIT.
-
- <li>Transcrição da palestra, <a
href="/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.pt-br.html"><i>Copyright
- e Globalização na Era das Redes de Computadores</i></a>, apresentada por
Richard M. Stallman no MIT.
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#ArsDigita2001">Gravação de
áudio
- da palestra <i>O Movimento pelo Software Livre e o Sistema Operacional
- GNU/Linux</i></a> apresentada por Richard M. Stallman na Universidade
ArsDigita
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#SLOV2000">Gravação de áudio da
- palestra, <cite>O Movimento pelo Software Livre e o Sistema Operacional
- GNU/Linux</cite>, apresentada por Richard M. Stallman na
- Auditorium Smelt, Ljubljana, Slovenia</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#LinuxTag2000">Gravação de
áudio
- da palestra <i>O Movimento pelo Software Livre e o Sistema Operacional
- GNU/Linux</i></a> apresentada por Richard M. Stallman no LinuxTag 2000.
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/audio/audio.html#CGLUG2000">Gravação de áudio
- da palestra <i>O Movimento pelo Software Livre e o Sistema Operacional
- GNU/Linux</i></a> apresentada por Richard M. Stallman na Universidade de
- Cincinnati
-
- <li><a href="http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-07/stallman_01.html";>Entrevista
- na Linux Magazine</a> em Julho de 1999 com Richard Stallman
-
-<!-- broken links
- <li><a
href="http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/lw-2000-03/lw-03-rms.html?4-4";>Entrevista
- da LinuxWorld</a> com Richard Stallman sobre problemas com patentes de
software
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworldtoday/lwt-indepth7.html";>Entrevista
- da LinuxWorld</a> com Richard Stallman
--->
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html";>Transcrição
- (em francês)</a> da palestra que Richard Stallman apresentou em 1998 na
- Universidade de Paris.
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.en.html">Tradução para o inglês da
- palestra</a> de Georg Greve apresentada em 1998 no GNU/Linux Cluster
"CLOWN"
- na Alemanha (<a href="/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html">original em
alemão</a>)
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Patent Reform Is
Not
+Enough</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">Entrevista da Revista BYTE</a>
- em Julho de 1986 com Richard Stallman
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Saving Europe from Software
+Patents</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/stallman-kth.html">Palestra</a> apresentada por
- Richard Stallman em 1986 no Instituto Real de Tecnologia na Suiça
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boycott Amazon!</a></li>
- <li>Está disponÃvel um <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais";> Ãndice
- das gravações em francês em audio-video.gnu.org</a>.</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";
+id="SequentialIPandI">Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> is a
+paper that presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede
+progress in fields like software.</li>
-</ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/hague.html">Harm from the Hague</a>.</li>
-<p>
+ <li><a
+href="http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/comment/story/0,12449,1540984,00.html";>
+Soft sell</a>. An article by Richard M. Stallman published in <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk";>The Guardian</a>.</li>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCThirdPartyIdeas"
- name="ThirdPartyIdeas">Ideias de terceiros</a></h4>
+ <li><a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit";>
+Patent absurdity</a>, an article by Richard M. Stallman published in <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk";>The Guardian</a>.</li>
-Estes artigos mostram as opiniões filosóficas de outras pessoas
-apoiando o software livre, ou temas relacionados, mas não falam pelo
projeto
-GNU. No entanto nós, nós mais ou menos concordamos com eles.
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">The Anatomy of a Trivial
+Patent</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-<p>
-Muitas das <a
href="/links/links.pt-br.html#FreedomOrganizations">organizações que
-trabalham pela liberdade no desenvolvimento de computadores e comunicações
-eletrônicas</a> também tem opiniões e filosofias que suportam o software
-livre ou assuntos relacionados, e não falam pelo Projeto GNU, mas nós
concordamos
-mais ou menos com eles.
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Why there are no GIF files on GNU web
+pages</a>, While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of
+software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern. For
+details of our website <a
+href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics">policies regarding
+GIFs</a>, see our web <a href="/server/standards/">web guidelines</a>.</li>
+</ul>
-<p>
+<h4>Cultural and Social Issues</h4>
<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">World Summit on the Information
Society</a></li>
- <li>Jimmy Wales explica por que <a
href="http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-formats/";>
- Conhecimento Livre requer Software Livre e Formatos Livres para Arquivos</a>.
- Ele também expõe por que a
- <a href="http://www.wikipedia.org";>Wikipedia</a> tem que ser software
livre.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html";>Patentes de
software
- sob a lente de aumento</a>. Neste artigo o autor usa argumentos baseados no
- cálculo lambda para demostrar por que o software não pode ser
patenteado.</li>
-
- <li>O paper de Lakhani e Wolf <a
href="http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf";> sobre a motivação
dos desenvolvedores de software livre</a>
- diz que uma fração considerável é motivada pela visão de que o software
- deveria ser livre. Isto apesar do fato deles terem pesquisado junto aos
- desenvolvedores do SourceForge, um site que não suporta a visão de que esta
- é uma questão ética.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663";>Groklaw
- envia uma carta ao querido Darl</a>; um grupo das comunidades de software
livre
- e software aberto escreveu uma resposta conjunta à Carta Aberta para a
- Comunidade de Software Aberto, escrita pelo CEO da SCO, Darl
- McBride's.</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1,";>Hardware
Central</a>.
- Nós discordamos com um aspecto da conclusão deste artigo:
- Não é legÃtimo que a Microsoft ajude a Disney e a RIAA a import
- Restrições de Gerenciamento Digital sobre você, da mesma forma
- que não é legÃtimo que a Disney e a RIAA o façam.
- O poder total da computação deve estar disponÃvel para todos,
- e não apenas para os proprietários da informnação.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://portal.softwarelivre.org/news/1185";>O Governo Federal
- do Brasil patrocina o Movimento Nacional pelo Software Livre</a> no Brasil.
- Este artgo está em português do Brasil.</li>
-
- <li>A Petição "SCO, Me Processe" sobrecarregou seu criador e a petição
- não está mais aceitando adesões. O autor da petição, John Everitt,
esperava
- apenas algumas respostas mas recebeu milhares de participantes. <a
-href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6913";>No último comunicado
- público sobre a petição, ele pediu as pessoas que ajudem a
- <a href="http://www.fsf.org";>FSF</a> de todas as maneiras.</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en";>Resposta
- do Senador Alberto Conde</a> ao CESSI em relação à Lei Bill E-135/02-03
que
- propõe o uso de Software Livre no setor público para a provÃncia de
Buenos Aires.
- <a href="http://proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/";>A Lei</a> foi
- submetida pelo próprio Senador Alberto Conde.</li>
-
- <li> Alguns economistas argumentam que o copuright e patentes
- <a href="http://www.reason.com/0303/fe.dc.creation.shtml";> falham em
- promover o progresso</a> que eles supostamente existem para promover.
-<p>
-Este artigo toma uma visão estreitamente econômica do assunto, avaliando
-alterbativas sociais apenas de acordo com que bens estão disponÃveis e
-com que preço, assumindo que o cidadão é um mero consumidor e não dá
-valor à liberdade por si só. Ele também usa o enganador termo
-<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">"propriedade
-intelectial"</a>, que é enganador porque trata da mesma forma copyrights e
-patentes. Mas esta falha pode passar porque o artigo ignora as (diferentes)
-questões sociais levantadas por patentes e copyright.
-</p><p>
-Apesar dessas falhas, ele é significante. Se é possÃvel julgar o copyright
-como sendo danoso apenas em termos estritamente econômicos, sem levar em
-consideração o fato de que é eticamente errado impedir as pessoas de
-compartilharem, ele só pode ser ainda mais danoso uma vez que as implicações
-éticas sejam consideradas também.
-</p></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html">The introduction by Lawrence
+Lessig</a> to <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><i>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</i></a>
+is available for reading.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.sincerechoice.org/";>Escolha Sincera</a> explica
- a desonestidade do programa "Software Choice" da Microsoft.
- <p>
- Nós não concordamos completamente com o Escolha Sincera, porque ele diz
- que software proprietário é tão legÃtimo quando o softwaer livre. Nós
- discordamos veementemente? <em>o software tem que ser livre</em>.
- Entretanto, se você conhece alguém que tenha sido iludido pelo "Software
- Choice", por favor indique o site Escolha Sincera.</p></li>
-
- <li>Dois artigos de Duncan Campbell descreve como backdors para o NSA
- (Agência de Espionagem do Governo dos EUA) foram escondidos em softwares
- proprietários:
- <a href="http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/2898/1.html";>"Apenas o
- NSA pode ouvir, por isso está OK"</a> e <a
- href="http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/5263/1.html";>"Como livre
- acesso pelo NSA foi embutido no Windows"</a>. Ambos são claras
demonstrações
- de como usuários de software proprietário podem frequentemente não saber
- exatamente o que eles estão executando.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com/cpu.htm";>"Copyright
- C.P.U."</a> por Harry Hillman Chartrand é um bom sumário da história do
- copyright.</li>
-
- <li>O artigo de Malla Pollack,
- <a href="http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/progress.html";>"O
- que se supõe que o congresso promova?"</a> explica como as recentes
tendências
- do governo dos Estados Unidos em fornecer o máximo controle para os
detentores
- de copyright anulam a justificativa para o estabelecimento do copyright pela
- constituição..</li>
-
- <li>O artigo de Mikael Pawlo
- <a href="http://newsforge.com/newsforge/02/05/08/153204.shtml?tid=19";>"Lei de
- limão do software com sabor mais azedo"</a> explica como uma "lei de limão"
- para o software poderia ameaçar o desenvolvimento de software livre.</li>
-
- <li>O Congressita Peruano, Dr. Edgar David Villanueva Nuñez escreveu
- uma carta para um gerente da Microsoft depois que ele expressou restrições
- contra a lei proposta sobre Software Livre na Administração Pública.
- Ele faz um trabalho excelente em desfazer mitos sobre o software livre
- frequentemente propagados pela Microsoft e outros. A tradução para o
- inglês está <a href="http://www.gnu.org.pe/resmseng.html";>aqui</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.baen.com/library/palaver4.htm";>O historiador
- inglês Thomas Macaulay</a> teve idéias sobre o copyright em 1841 que
- ainda hoje me mostram verdadeiras.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.openrevolt.org/";>openrevolt.org</a> é um site
- dedicado a prover informações sobre a diretiva de copyright da
- Comunidade Européia (EUCD) e leis similares. Ele se concentra nos dois
- maiores problemas do EUCD, que torna fácil para detentores de copyright
- censurarem páginas web em provedores de hospedagem e fornece embasamento
- legal para medidas de proteção ao copyright.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.chillingeffects.org";>Chilling Effects</a> é um
- repositório para avisos de "pare e desista" relacionados com atividades
- on-line -- nós convidamos os visitantes a incluir os P & D recebidos.
- O site web organiza os avisos em um banco de dados e os relaciona com
- explicações sobre as implicações legais.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">Encryption software volunteers
needed
+in countries without export control</a>.</li>
- <li><a
- href="http://www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/0121_oped.html";>
- Programar é Crime</a>, por Shannon Cochran, é um comentário sobre o
- indiciamento de Jon Johansen por perdas e danos pela sua participação na
- escrita do DeCSS.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf";>A Segunda Emenda e a
Constituição do DomÃnio
- Público</a>, por James Boyle, também disponÃvel <a
href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~hal/misc/duke-papers.pdf";>aqui</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html";>Propriedade
- Intelectual: O Ataque ao Espaço Público no Cyberespaço</a>, por Howard
Besser, descreve como
- várias indústrias estão utilizando seus direitos de copyright para tornar
cada vez menos locais na Internet
- públicos</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.wipout.net/";>Wipout</a> está hospedando um concurso
contra o o concurso
- para estudantes da Organização Internacional pela Propriedade Intelectual
(WIPO). Ele tem por objetivo
- aumentar o conhecimento sobre os meios pelos quais a proteção Ã
propriedade intelectual pode prejudicar
- nossas vidas diárias.</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/comment/0,5859,2770541,00.html";>Tecnologia
- e a corrupção do copyright</a>, por Joshua S. Bauchner</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.utexas.edu/law/faculty/nnetanel/Netanel.pdf";>"Localizando o
- Copyright Dentro do Contexto da Primeira Emenda", por Neil W. Netanel,
argumenta que as cores dos
- EUA tem estado erradas na assumpção antiga de que o "uso justo" elimina o
conflito entre a lei
- de copyright e a Primeira Emenda.</li>
-
- <li>Richard Stallman assinou uma
- <a href="http://www.perens.com/Articles/StandTogether.html";>declaração
conjunta respondendo
- aos comentários de Craig Mundie da Microsoft. Também existe uma
- <a href="http://www.militux.poli.org/art/uniao.txt";>tradução para o
português</a>.</li>
-
- <li>Em <a href="/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html"><i>Reforma das Patentes
- Agora!</i></a>, Don Marti pede
- que os defensores do software livre nomeiem Richard M. Stallman para
- o Comitê Conselheiro do Escritório de Patentes e Marcas Registradas dos
- EUA.</li>
-
-<!-- removed?
- <li><a href="http://www.interlog.com/~cjazz/gnu1.htm";>Gnutella substitui
- o Godzilla na mÃdia corporativa</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.eye.net/eye/issue/issue_02.17.00/news/media.html";>Os
Recentes
- ataques a sÃtios de web provam que a Internet ainda funciona</a></li>
-
--->
-
-<!-- commented out on english page
- <li><a href="http://www-personal.si.umich.edu/~beejoo/gnuproject.html";>O
sítio
- de ftp do projeto GNU: Uma colecção digital apoiando
- um movimento social</a> por Michelle Bejian</li>
--->
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.brunching.com/features/feature-copyfire.html";>Submetendo
- o fogo a copyright</a></li>
-
-<!-- broken link
- <li><a href="http://members.xoom.com/jcenters/HADL.html";>A liga
anti-defamação de <i>Hackers</i></a></li>
--->
-
- <li><a
href="http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm";>Leia-os e
Chore
- </a>, por Simson Garfinkel, fala sobre contas pendentes, que dariam aos
donos da informação
- novos poderes e restringir a actividades dos utilizadores.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html">Aplicando o Copyleft a
- a informação que não é software.</a>, by
Michael Stutz.</li>
-
- <li><a href="free-world.html">Só
- o mundo livre pode fazer frente à Microsoft</a>, por Tom Hull.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html";>A filosofia
- da música livre</a>, por Ram Samudrala.</li>
-
- <li>Gravadoras argumentam por mais poder ao copyright, dizendo que elas
- apóiam os interesses dos músicos.
- <a href="http://www.negativland.com/albini.html";>Este artigo</a> mostra
- como as gravadoras realmente tratam os músicos.</li>
-
-<!-- broken link
- <li><a href="http://www.musicisum.com/manifesto.shtml";>O manifesto:
- A pirataria é tu amiga</a>, por Jaron Lanier.
- <br />
- <strong>Note</strong> que o projeto GNU recomenda
- <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.pt-br.html">evitar</a> o termo
- <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.pt-br.html#Piracy">pirataria</a>
desde
- que este implique partilhar cópias, de alguma maneira,
ilegítemas.</li>
--->
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html";>Iniciação
- à ética da "propriedade intelectual"</a>, por Ram
Samudrala.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/self-interest.html">É o auto-interesse
suficiente
- para organizar um economia livre?</a> por Loyd Fueston.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://ethology.zool.su.se/freescience/";>A Campanha pela
Ciência
- Livre</a> é uma campanha pela liberdade de se distribuir trabalho
- cientÃfico</li>
-
- <li>Artigo (em Alemão) no periódico Suiço Neue Zuercher
Zeitung sobre decisão da
- <a
href="http://www.nzz.ch/online/01_nzz_aktuell/internet/internet1998/nzz980306kommunismus.htm";>Netscape
- em libertar o código fonte</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/kragen-software.html">Pessoas, sítios,
coisas e ideias</a> por Kragen Sitaker</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.freenation.org/fnf/a/f31l1.html";>O caso "Libertarian"
- contra os direitos de propriedade intelectual</a> por Roderick T. Long
- <br />
- O movimento do software livre não apoia/aprova o Libertarianism,
e
- <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">nós
não
- concordamos inteiramente</a> com este artigo. Mas é útil
para refutar
- uma argumento específico que é posto a favor de software
propietário.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.gsyc.inf.uc3m.es/sobre/";>Artigos
- em Espanhol sobre o software livre.</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html";>Anarquismo
- Triunfante:
- Software livre e a morte do Copyright</a></li>
-
-<!--
- <li><a href="http://eserver.org/internet/community/community.html";>Comunidade
- Electrónica imaginada: Representações de uma
comunidade virtual
- num discurso de negócios comtemporâneos.</a>
--->
-
- <li><a href="http://www.coe.ilstu.edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/plagiari.htm";>A morte
- e o renascimento do plagiato</a> por Rodney Riegle.
- (Nós não concordamos inteiramente com este
artigo.Nós pensamos que
- não existe mal em perguntar à s pessoas que haja um
esforço extra para
- escrever pés de página para dar créditos.)</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.savetheweb.org";>Salvem a <i>web</i></a> é um
sítio <i>web</i>
- dedicado à protecção dos direitos dos utilizadores
da Internet na Europa.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html">O estudo da economia
- inibe a cooperação?</a> por Frank, Gilovich, and
Regan.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html";>Desenvolvimento,
- comércio ético e software livre</a> por Danny Yee.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bdk.html">A Balada de DENNIS KARJALA</a>:
- Um comentário político na forma de uma balada por Timothy R.
Phillips.</li>
-
-<!-- removed from english page
- <li><a href="http://www.libranet.com/petition.html";>Libranet
-está a junto assinaturas</a> numa petição que será submetida
aos maiores produtores
-de periféricos de computadores pessoais, pedindo que eles tornem
disponíveis aos
-desenvolvedores do GNU/Linux, todas as especificações dos seus
produtos, para que
-possam ser desenvolvidos <i>device drivers</i> dos seus produtos para o
GNU/Linux.
--->
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html">Moldando Desenvolvimentos
- e iniciativas em ICT para a Prosperidade Global</a>,
- por Robert J. Chassell</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/papers/free-software/selection-html/";>A
- Vantagem Competitiva do Software Livre</a>, por Alexandre Oliva</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html";>Concessão de patentes
- sob a GPL</a></li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/articles/10digital.html";>O
- conceito de Copyright luta para sobreviver na Internet</a>, por
- John Markoff.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA158872.html";>A
- verdadeira rasão do Copyright</a>, por John N. Berry III</li>
-
- <li><a href="philosophy/fire.html">Colocando o fogo sob copyright!
(humor)</a>,
- por Ian Clarke.</li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://www.oreilly.com/~andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.html";>O
- futuro traz a "Tecnologia da Infirmação"</a>, por Andy Oram.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.freeprotocols.org/";>A Fundação pelos Protocolos
- Livres</a> é um forum público independente, dedicadi ao suporte a
protocolos
- livres de patentes</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.html">Software
Livre
- e viabilidade comercial</a> (espanhol), por Alessandro Rubini</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/";>Liberação
da
- Informação</a>, por Brian Martin. Nós pedimos que as pessoas evitem
utilizar
- o termo "propriedade intelectual" e em vez disso falem sobre copyrights,
- patentes e /ou marcas registradas</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm";>Venda de Lugares</a>,
- uma sátira sobre o copyright</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/";>Uma galeria de
- exemplos</a> demonstrando como o Digital Millenium Copyright Act é
- absurdo e ultrajante</li>
-
-<!--
- <li><a href="http://oppression.nerdherd.org/";>A UCLA
- descimina estudantes que usam o GNU/Linux.
- Uma parte da sua justificação é suportar o poder
dos donos de sotware.</a></li>
--->
-
- <li><a href="http://www.geocities.com/frankentoons/";>Frankentoons</a>
- por Joel Kahn.</li>
-
- <li>Uma resenha do livro
- <a
href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/28/0121209&mode=nocomment";>
- <cite>Digital Copyright</cite></a>.</li>
+ <li>How to Protect the <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"> Freedoms of
+Speech, Press, and Association</a> on the Internet</li>
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Protect Postal Privacy</a>, a
+campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United States Postal Service to
+collect private information from customers.</li>
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Why We Must Fight UCITA</a></li>
<li><a
- href="http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/";>Viva e
- dê licença</a> por Joe Barr.</li>
+href="http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/00/11/27/001127opfoster.xml";>
+A world with UCITA may allow fine print to outweigh the right thing</a> by
+Ed Foster <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+<address@hidden></a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">Free Software and
(e-)Government</a>
+— an article from The Guardian, by Richard Stallman (originally
+published under the title “Second Sight”).</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.insnet.org/ins_headlines.rxml?cust=212&id=967";>
Free
+Software and Sustainable Development</a> — A short article by Richard
+Stallman regarding the use of proprietary software in cultural
development.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
- <li><a href="http://www.piecepack.org";>Piecepack</a> é um conjunto de
- jogos de tabuleiro que todos são livres para criar ou jogar vários
- tipos de jogos.</li>
+<h4>Misc</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious Incident of Sun
in
+the Night-Time</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
- <li>Eastern Gianozia escreveu uma <a
- href="http://www.gianoziaorientale.it/foreign_politics.html";>análise
- crÃtica das patentes de software e do DRM</a>.</li>
+ <li><a href="http://counterpunch.org/baker08192004.html";>Why We Need
“Free
+Software” Voting Machines</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://revistes.upc.es/~topopardo/weblog/archives/000036.html";>Aqui</a>
temos uma interessante alegoria (em espanhol) comparando o software livre a um
jantar.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU, and Linux</a>, by
+Richard Stallman, discusses how SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the
+work of the GNU project. Please see the <a
+href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">FSF SCO Response Page</a> for more details
+on this subject.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813";>Software Livre e
- "Scouting"</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">FSF's Statement in Response to
+Proposed Revised Final Judgment in Microsoft vs. United States, submitted to
+the US Department of Justice under the Tunney Act</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html";>Patentes são
- um absurdo econômico</a>: Este artigo adota como premisa a visão popular
- de que livre comércio é desejável. Nós nem sempre concordamos neste
ponto,
- pois levado ao extremo, o livre comércio dá às empresas poder demais,
- permitindo que elas intimidem a democracia. Mas esta é outra questão.
</li>
-<!-- Description text by RMS -->
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">U.S. Congress Threatens to
Establish
+a New Kind of Monopoly</a>, an attempt of the Congress to create a private
+monopoly over repeating publicly known information.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html";>Em defesa do
- Napster e contra a segunda decisão judicial</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/dat.html">The Right Way to Tax DAT</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf";>Contra a
- propriedade intelectual</a>, Primavera de 2001, Journal of Libertarian
Studies (PDF)</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Censoring My Software</a>, by
<a
+href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/motivation.html">Studies Find Reward Often No
+Motivator</a></li>
</ul>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.html#TOCMisc" id="misc">Miscelânea</a></h4>
+<h3 id="terminology">Terminology and Definitions</h3>
<ul>
-<li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Humor Filosófico</a>.
-Nós não temos que ser sérios o tempo todo.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words</a> which You
+Might Want to Avoid</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why “Open
+Source” misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">“Open Source
+Software” or “Free Software”?</a> (This is an older essay
+about the same topic as the previous one.)</li>
+ <li>Richard Stallman wrote <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">letter
to
+the editor</a> of Dr. Dobb's Journal in June which further explains the
+distinction between the Free Software and Open Source movements.</li>
+ <li><a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categorias de Programas Livres e
+Não-Livres</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations of the term
+“free software”</a> into various languages</li>
</ul>
-<h4><a href="philosophy.pt-br.html#TOCTranslations"
- name="Translations">Traduções destes documentos</a></h4>
+<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>
<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">The Free Software Community
+After 20 Years</a>, With great but incomplete success, what now?</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> by Richard
+M. Stallman</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">Overcoming Social Inertia</a>,
by
+Richard M. Stallman</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Avoiding Ruinous
Compromises</a></li>
+</ul>
- <li><a
href="http://kldp.org/gnu/philosophisch-dokuments.html";>Traduções
- coreanas não oficiais</a> de muitos destes documentos</li>
+<h3>Philosophical humor</h3>
-<!-- broken link
- <li><a
href="http://www.whlug.clinux.org/gnu/philosophy/";>Traduções
- chinesas não oficiais</a> de muitos destes documentos</li>
--->
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Philosophy Humor</a>. We don't have
to
+be serious <i>all</i> the time.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.pt-br.html#translations">Traduções
do Manifesto
- da GNU</a></li>
+<h2>More philosophy articles</h2>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Traduções
- do termo ``software livre''</a></li>
+<ul>
+<li id="Speeches"><a href="speeches-and-interview.html">Speeches and
interviews</a></li>
+<li id="ThirdPartyIdeas"><a href="third-party-ideas.html">Third party
ideas</a></li>
+</ul>
- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html#translations">Tranduções da
- GNU GPL</a></li>
- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html#translationsLGPL">Traduções da
- GNU LGPL</a></li>
- <li><a
href="/copyleft/copyleft.pt-br.html#translationsFDL">Traduções da
- GNU FDL</a></li>
-</ul>
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*</div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send
+broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>
+for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
+2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any
+medium, provided this notice is preserved.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*</div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Updated:
-<hr />
+$Date: 2009/02/04 09:28:00 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
@@ -915,67 +487,61 @@
<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-
-[
- <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.ca.html">Català</a> <!-- Catalan -->
-| <a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a>
<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html">Česky</a> <!-- Czech -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.da.html">Dansk</a> <!-- Danish -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">English</a>
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.gl.html">Galego</a> <!-- Galician -->
-| <a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.he.html">עברית</a>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> <!--
Indonesian -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.ja.html">日本語</a>
<!-- Japanese -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.ko.html">한국어</a>
<!-- Korean -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.hu.html">Magyar</a> <!-- Hungarian -->
-| <a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.mk.html">Македонски</a>
<!-- Macedonian -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html">Nederlands</a> <!-- Dutch -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a>
<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.ro.html">Română</a> <!--
Romanian -->
-| <a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html">Русский</a>
<!-- Russian -->
-| <a href="/philosophy/philosophy.tr.html">Türkçe</a> <!--
Turkish -->
-]
-</p>
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
+<!-- Bulgarian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.bg.html">български</a> [bg]</li>
+<!-- Bosnian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.bs.html">Bosanski</a> [bs]</li>
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- Czech -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
+<!-- Danish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.da.html">Dansk</a> [da]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- Finnish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fi.html">Suomi</a> [fi]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Galician -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.gl.html">Galego</a> [gl]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Hungarian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.hu.html">Magyar</a> [hu]</li>
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.id.html">Bahasa
Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
+<!-- Italian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.it.html">Italiano</a> [it]</li>
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Macedonian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.mk.html">Македонски</a> [mk]</li>
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/philosophy.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+</ul>
</div>
-
-<div class="copyright">
-<p>
-Voltar para a<a href="/home.pt-br.html"> página principal da GNU</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Por favor envie Dúvidas & Questões sobre a FSF & GNU; para
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Há ainda
-<a href="/home.pt-br.html#ContactInfo">outras maneiras de contactar</a> a FSF.
-<br />
-Envie comentários e sugestões sobre estas páginas para
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
-<br />
-Cópias exactas e a distribuição deste artigo são
permitidas em qualquer meio,
-sempre que esta nota seja preservada.</p>
-
-<p>
-Atualizada:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2009/01/06 23:22:45 $ $Author: yavor $
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-<br />
-Traduzida orinalmente por Pedro Oliveira
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>
-<br />Revisão original por Miguel Oliveira <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>
-<br />Tradução atualizada por
-Fernando Lozano <a href="address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
-</p>
</div>
-
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po 3 Feb 2009 21:16:43 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.es.po 4 Feb 2009 09:28:05 -0000
1.2
@@ -18,25 +18,25 @@
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
"Introduction to Free Software, Free Society - GNU Project - Free Software "
"Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr ""
-"Introducción a Software Libre, Sociedad Libre - Proyecto GNU - Free "
-"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+"Introducción a Software Libre, Sociedad Libre - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
"
+"Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Content of: <h2>
msgid ""
-"Introduction to <a "
-"href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><i>Free "
-"Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</i></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"Introducción a <a "
-"href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><i>Software "
-"Libre, Sociedad Libre: Los Ensayos Seleccionados de Richard M.
Stallman</i></a>"
+"Introduction to <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-";
+"society/\"><i>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. "
+"Stallman</i></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Introducción a <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-";
+"society/\"><i>Software Libre, Sociedad Libre: Los Ensayos Seleccionados de "
+"Richard M. Stallman</i></a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid "by Lawrence Lessig, Professor of Law, Stanford Law School"
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@
"ideals, whether in the whisper of a poem, or the blast of a political "
"movement."
msgstr ""
-"Cada generación tiene su filósofo: un escritor o un artista que plasma "
-"la imaginación de una época. A veces estos filósofos son reconocidos "
-"como tales, pero a menudo pasan generaciones antes de que se caiga en "
-"la cuenta. Sin embargo, con reconocimiento o sin él, cada época queda "
-"marcada por la gente que expresa sus ideales, sea en el susurro de un "
-"poema o en el fragor de un movimiento polÃtico."
+"Cada generación tiene su filósofo: un escritor o un artista que plasma la "
+"imaginación de una época. A veces estos filósofos son reconocidos como "
+"tales, pero a menudo pasan generaciones antes de que se caiga en la cuenta. "
+"Sin embargo, con reconocimiento o sin él, cada época queda marcada por la "
+"gente que expresa sus ideales, sea en el susurro de un poema o en el fragor "
+"de un movimiento polÃtico."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -65,17 +65,16 @@
"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr>, as a "
"programmer and architect building operating system software. He has built "
"his career on a stage of public life, as a programmer and an architect "
-"founding a movement for freedom in a world increasingly defined by "
-"“code.”"
+"founding a movement for freedom in a world increasingly defined by “"
+"code.”"
msgstr ""
-"Nuestra generación tiene un filósofo. No es un artista, tampoco un "
-"escritor profesional. Es un programador. Richard Stallman comenzó su "
-"trabajo en los laboratorios del "
-"\"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</a>\" como "
-" programador y arquitecto desarrollando software de sistemas operativos. "
-"Ha desarrollado su carrera en la vida pública como programador y "
-"arquitecto fundando un movimiento por la libertad en un mundo cada vez "
-"más definido por el «código»."
+"Nuestra generación tiene un filósofo. No es un artista, tampoco un escritor
"
+"profesional. Es un programador. Richard Stallman comenzó su trabajo en los "
+"laboratorios del \"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
+"\">MIT</a>\" como programador y arquitecto desarrollando software de "
+"sistemas operativos. Ha desarrollado su carrera en la vida pública como "
+"programador y arquitecto fundando un movimiento por la libertad en un mundo "
+"cada vez más definido por el «código»."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -83,20 +82,19 @@
"inscribed in software or burned in hardware, it is the collection of "
"instructions, first written in words, that directs the functionality of "
"machines. These machines — computers — increasingly define and "
-"control our life. They determine how phones connect, and what runs on "
-"TV. They decide whether video can be streamed across a broadband link to a "
-"computer. They control what a computer reports back to its "
-"manufacturer. These machines run us. Code runs these machines."
-msgstr ""
-"El «código» es la tecnologÃa que hace que los ordenadores "
-"funcionen. Esté inscrito en el software o grabado en el hardware, es "
-"el conjunto de instrucciones, primero escritas como palabras, que "
-"dirigen la funcionalidad de las máquinas. Estas máquinas (ordenadores) "
-"definen y controlan cada vez más nuestras vidas. Determinan cómo se "
-"conectan los teléfonos y qué aparece en el televisor. Deciden si el "
-"vÃdeo puede enviarse por banda ancha hasta un ordenador. Controlan la "
-"información que un ordenador remite al fabricante. Estas máquinas nos "
-"dirigen. El código dirige estas máquinas."
+"control our life. They determine how phones connect, and what runs on TV. "
+"They decide whether video can be streamed across a broadband link to a "
+"computer. They control what a computer reports back to its manufacturer. "
+"These machines run us. Code runs these machines."
+msgstr ""
+"El «código» es la tecnologÃa que hace que los ordenadores funcionen.
Esté "
+"inscrito en el software o grabado en el hardware, es el conjunto de "
+"instrucciones, primero escritas como palabras, que dirigen la funcionalidad "
+"de las máquinas. Estas máquinas (ordenadores) definen y controlan cada vez "
+"más nuestras vidas. Determinan cómo se conectan los teléfonos y qué
aparece "
+"en el televisor. Deciden si el vÃdeo puede enviarse por banda ancha hasta un
"
+"ordenador. Controlan la información que un ordenador remite al fabricante. "
+"Estas máquinas nos dirigen. El código dirige estas máquinas."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -104,8 +102,7 @@
"should there be to match the control it enables? What power?"
msgstr ""
"¿Qué control deberÃamos tener sobre el código? ¿Qué comprensión?
¿Qué "
-"libertad deberÃa haber para neutralizar el control que permite? ¿Qué "
-"poder?"
+"libertad deberÃa haber para neutralizar el control que permite? ¿Qué
poder?"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -117,62 +114,59 @@
"she sees fit. This is “free software”; “free "
"software” is one answer to a world built in code."
msgstr ""
-"Estas preguntas han sido el reto de la vida de Stallman. A través de "
-"sus trabajos y de sus palabras nos ha incitado a ser conscientes de la "
-"importancia de mantener «libre» el código. No «libre» en el sentido de "
-"que los escritores del código no reciban una remuneración, sino "
-"«libre» en el sentido de que el control, que construyen los "
-"codificadores, sea transparente para todos y en el de que cualquiera "
-"tenga derecho a tomar ese control y de modificarlo a su gusto. Esto es "
-"el «software libre», «software libre» es la respuesta a un mundo "
-"construido mediante código."
+"Estas preguntas han sido el reto de la vida de Stallman. A través de sus "
+"trabajos y de sus palabras nos ha incitado a ser conscientes de la "
+"importancia de mantener «libre» el código. No «libre» en el sentido de
que "
+"los escritores del código no reciban una remuneración, sino «libre» en el
"
+"sentido de que el control, que construyen los codificadores, sea "
+"transparente para todos y en el de que cualquiera tenga derecho a tomar ese "
+"control y de modificarlo a su gusto. Esto es el «software libre»,
«software "
+"libre» es la respuesta a un mundo construido mediante código."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free.” Stallman laments the ambiguity in his own term. There's "
-"nothing to lament. Puzzles force people to think, and this term "
-"“free” does this puzzling work quite well. To modern American "
-"ears, “free software” sounds utopian, impossible. Nothing, not "
-"even lunch, is free. How could the most important words running the most "
-"critical machines running the world be “free.” How could a sane "
-"society aspire to such an ideal?"
-msgstr ""
-"«Libre». Stallman lamenta la ambigüedad de su propio término. No hay "
-"nada que lamentar. Los rompecabezas obligan a la gente a pensar y el "
-"término «libre» cumple bastante bien esta función de "
-"rompecabezas. Para los oÃdos estadounidenses modernos, «software "
-"libre» suena utópico, imposible. Nada, ni siquiera el almuerzo, es "
-"libre. ¿Cómo podrÃan ser «libres» las más importantes palabras que "
-"dirigen las máquinas más esenciales que dirigen el mundo? ¿Cómo podrÃa "
-"una sociedad en su sano juicio aspirar a semejante ideal?"
+"nothing to lament. Puzzles force people to think, and this term “"
+"free” does this puzzling work quite well. To modern American ears, "
+"“free software” sounds utopian, impossible. Nothing, not even "
+"lunch, is free. How could the most important words running the most critical "
+"machines running the world be “free.” How could a sane society "
+"aspire to such an ideal?"
+msgstr ""
+"«Libre». Stallman lamenta la ambigüedad de su propio término. No hay nada
"
+"que lamentar. Los rompecabezas obligan a la gente a pensar y el término "
+"«libre» cumple bastante bien esta función de rompecabezas. Para los oÃdos
"
+"estadounidenses modernos, «software libre» suena utópico, imposible. Nada,
"
+"ni siquiera el almuerzo, es libre. ¿Cómo podrÃan ser «libres» las más "
+"importantes palabras que dirigen las máquinas más esenciales que dirigen el
"
+"mundo? ¿Cómo podrÃa una sociedad en su sano juicio aspirar a semejante
ideal?"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yet the odd clink of the word “free” is a function of us, not of "
"the term. “Free” has different senses, only one of which refers "
"to “price.” A much more fundamental sense of “free” "
-"is the “free,” Stallman says, in the term “free "
-"speech,” or perhaps better in the term “free labor.” Not "
-"free as in costless, but free as in limited in its control by others. Free "
-"software is control that is transparent, and open to change, just as free "
-"laws, or the laws of a “free society,” are free when they make "
-"their control knowable, and open to change. The aim of Stallman's "
-"“free software movement” is to make as much code as it can "
-"transparent, and subject to change, by rendering it “free.”"
-msgstr ""
-"Sin embargo, el peculiar tañido de la palabra «libre» depende de "
-"nosotros y no del propio término. «Libre» tiene diferentes "
-"significados, sólo uno de ellos se refiere a «precio». Un significado "
-"de «libre» mucho más fundamental es, dice Stallman, el del término "
-"«libertad de expresión» o quizás mejor el de la expresión «trabajo "
-"libre no forzado». No libre como gratuito, sino libre en el sentido de "
-"limitado en cuanto a su control por los otros. Software libre "
-"significa un control que es transparente y susceptible de "
-"modificación, igual que las leyes libres, o leyes de una «sociedad "
-"libre», son libres cuando hacen su control cognoscible y abierto a la "
-"modificación. La intención del «movimiento software libre» de Stallman "
-"es producir código en la medida en que pueda ser transparente y "
-"susceptible de modificación haciéndolo «libre»."
+"is the “free,” Stallman says, in the term “free speech,"
+"” or perhaps better in the term “free labor.” Not free as "
+"in costless, but free as in limited in its control by others. Free software "
+"is control that is transparent, and open to change, just as free laws, or "
+"the laws of a “free society,” are free when they make their "
+"control knowable, and open to change. The aim of Stallman's “free "
+"software movement” is to make as much code as it can transparent, and "
+"subject to change, by rendering it “free.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Sin embargo, el peculiar tañido de la palabra «libre» depende de nosotros
y "
+"no del propio término. «Libre» tiene diferentes significados, sólo uno de
"
+"ellos se refiere a «precio». Un significado de «libre» mucho más
fundamental "
+"es, dice Stallman, el del término «libertad de expresión» o quizás mejor
el "
+"de la expresión «trabajo libre no forzado». No libre como gratuito, sino "
+"libre en el sentido de limitado en cuanto a su control por los otros. "
+"Software libre significa un control que es transparente y susceptible de "
+"modificación, igual que las leyes libres, o leyes de una «sociedad libre»,
"
+"son libres cuando hacen su control cognoscible y abierto a la modificación. "
+"La intención del «movimiento software libre» de Stallman es producir
código "
+"en la medida en que pueda ser transparente y susceptible de modificación "
+"haciéndolo «libre»."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -180,22 +174,22 @@
"“copyleft” implemented through a license called GPL. Using the "
"power of copyright law, “free software” not only assures that it "
"remains open, and subject to change, but that other software that takes and "
-"uses “free software” (and that technically counts as a "
-"“derivative work”) must also itself be free. If you use and "
-"adapt a free software program, and then release that adapted version to the "
-"public, the released version must be as free as the version it was adapted "
-"from. It must, or the law of copyright will be violated."
-msgstr ""
-"El mecanismo para este fin es un instrumento extraordinariamente "
-"inteligente llamado «copyleft» que se implementa a través de una licencia "
-"llamada GPL. Usando el poder del copyright, el «software libre» no "
-"sólo asegura que permanece abierto y susceptible de modificación, "
-"sino también que otro software que incorpore y use «software libre» "
-"--y que técnicamente se convierta en «obra derivada»--debe también, "
-"a su vez, ser libre. Si uno usa y adapta un programa de software libre "
-"y distribuye públicamente esa versión adaptada, la versión distribuida "
-"debe ser tan libre como la versión de la que procede. Debe hacerse asÃ, "
-"de lo contrario se estará infringiendo el copyright."
+"uses “free software” (and that technically counts as a “"
+"derivative work”) must also itself be free. If you use and adapt a "
+"free software program, and then release that adapted version to the public, "
+"the released version must be as free as the version it was adapted from. It "
+"must, or the law of copyright will be violated."
+msgstr ""
+"El mecanismo para este fin es un instrumento extraordinariamente inteligente "
+"llamado «copyleft» que se implementa a través de una licencia llamada GPL.
"
+"Usando el poder del copyright, el «software libre» no sólo asegura que "
+"permanece abierto y susceptible de modificación, sino también que otro "
+"software que incorpore y use «software libre» --y que técnicamente se "
+"convierta en «obra derivada»--debe también, a su vez, ser libre. Si uno
usa "
+"y adapta un programa de software libre y distribuye públicamente esa
versión "
+"adaptada, la versión distribuida debe ser tan libre como la versión de la "
+"que procede. Debe hacerse asÃ, de lo contrario se estará infringiendo el "
+"copyright."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -209,17 +203,16 @@
"(presumably) millions, then it is not coercion when the GPL insists that "
"modified versions of free software be free too."
msgstr ""
-"El «Software Libre», como las sociedades libres, tiene sus "
-"enemigos. Microsoft ha entablado una guerra contra la GPL, alertando a "
-"quienquiera que le escuche de que la GPL es una licencia "
-"«peligrosa». El peligro a que se refiere, sin embargo, es en gran "
-"medida ficticio. Otros plantean objeciones a la «coerción» que supone "
-"el mandato de la GPL de que las versiones modificadas sean también "
-"libres. Pero una condición no es coerción. Si no es coerción que "
-"Microsoft no permita a lo usuarios distribuir versiones modificadas de "
-"Office sin pagarle (presumiblemente) millones, entonces no es coerción "
-"que la GPL establezca que las versiones modificadas del software libre "
-"sean también libres."
+"El «Software Libre», como las sociedades libres, tiene sus enemigos. "
+"Microsoft ha entablado una guerra contra la GPL, alertando a quienquiera que "
+"le escuche de que la GPL es una licencia «peligrosa». El peligro a que se "
+"refiere, sin embargo, es en gran medida ficticio. Otros plantean objeciones "
+"a la «coerción» que supone el mandato de la GPL de que las versiones "
+"modificadas sean también libres. Pero una condición no es coerción. Si no
es "
+"coerción que Microsoft no permita a lo usuarios distribuir versiones "
+"modificadas de Office sin pagarle (presumiblemente) millones, entonces no es "
+"coerción que la GPL establezca que las versiones modificadas del software "
+"libre sean también libres."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -231,12 +224,11 @@
"code."
msgstr ""
"También están los que califican el mensaje de Stallman de demasiado "
-"extremista. Pero no es extremista. Al contrario, en un sentido obvio "
-"el trabajo de Stallman es una simple traslación de la libertad que "
-"nuestra tradición ha inscrito en el mundo anterior al código. El "
-"«software libre» asegura que el mundo gobernado por el código es tan "
-"«libre» como nuestra tradición que construyó el mundo anterior al "
-"código."
+"extremista. Pero no es extremista. Al contrario, en un sentido obvio el "
+"trabajo de Stallman es una simple traslación de la libertad que nuestra "
+"tradición ha inscrito en el mundo anterior al código. El «software libre»
"
+"asegura que el mundo gobernado por el código es tan «libre» como nuestra "
+"tradición que construyó el mundo anterior al código."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -248,14 +240,13 @@
"is visible only when its terms are knowable and controllable by those it "
"regulates, or by the agents of those it regulates (lawyers, legislatures)."
msgstr ""
-"Por ejemplo: una «sociedad libre» está regulada por leyes. Pero hay "
-"lÃmites que cualquier sociedad libre pone a esa regulación legal: "
-"ninguna sociedad que mantenga sus leyes en secreto podrÃa llamarse, "
-"nunca, libre. Ningún gobierno que esconda sus normas a los gobernados "
-"podrÃa incluirse, nunca, en nuestra tradición. El Derecho "
-"gobierna. Pero sólo, precisamente, cuando lo hace a la vista. Y el "
-"Derecho sólo está a la vista cuando sus términos pueden ser conocidos "
-"por los gobernados o por los agentes de los gobernados "
+"Por ejemplo: una «sociedad libre» está regulada por leyes. Pero hay
lÃmites "
+"que cualquier sociedad libre pone a esa regulación legal: ninguna sociedad "
+"que mantenga sus leyes en secreto podrÃa llamarse, nunca, libre. Ningún "
+"gobierno que esconda sus normas a los gobernados podrÃa incluirse, nunca, en
"
+"nuestra tradición. El Derecho gobierna. Pero sólo, precisamente, cuando lo "
+"hace a la vista. Y el Derecho sólo está a la vista cuando sus términos "
+"pueden ser conocidos por los gobernados o por los agentes de los gobernados "
"abogados, parlamentos."
# type: Content of: <p>
@@ -263,20 +254,19 @@
"This condition on law extends beyond the work of a legislature. Think about "
"the practice of law in American courts. Lawyers are hired by their clients "
"to advance their clients' interests. Sometimes that interest is advanced "
-"through litigation. In the course of this litigation, lawyers write "
-"briefs. These briefs in turn affect opinions written by judges. These "
-"opinions decide who wins a particular case, or whether a certain law can "
-"stand consistently with a constitution."
-msgstr ""
-"Esta condición del Derecho va más allá del trabajo de un "
-"parlamento. Pensemos en la práctica jurÃdica en los tribunales "
-"norteamericanos. Los abogados son contratados por sus clientes para "
-"defender los intereses de esos clientes. En ocasiones esos intereses "
-"son defendidos en un litigio. En el curso del litigio, los abogados "
-"redactan alegaciones. Esas alegaciones, a su vez, afectan a las "
-"decisiones judiciales. Esas decisiones determinan quien gana un caso "
-"concreto o si una determinada ley guarda conformidad con una "
-"constitución."
+"through litigation. In the course of this litigation, lawyers write briefs. "
+"These briefs in turn affect opinions written by judges. These opinions "
+"decide who wins a particular case, or whether a certain law can stand "
+"consistently with a constitution."
+msgstr ""
+"Esta condición del Derecho va más allá del trabajo de un parlamento. "
+"Pensemos en la práctica jurÃdica en los tribunales norteamericanos. Los "
+"abogados son contratados por sus clientes para defender los intereses de "
+"esos clientes. En ocasiones esos intereses son defendidos en un litigio. En "
+"el curso del litigio, los abogados redactan alegaciones. Esas alegaciones, a "
+"su vez, afectan a las decisiones judiciales. Esas decisiones determinan "
+"quien gana un caso concreto o si una determinada ley guarda conformidad con "
+"una constitución."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -291,19 +281,18 @@
"it achieves its creativity through the reuse of what happened before. The "
"source is free; creativity and an economy is built upon it."
msgstr ""
-"Todos los elementos de ese proceso son libres en el sentido a que se "
-"refiere Stallman. Las alegaciones jurÃdicas están disponibles para su "
-"libre uso por los demás. Las argumentaciones son transparentes (lo "
-"cual es distinto a decir que son buenas) y el razonamiento puede ser "
-"utilizado sin la autorización del abogado original. Las opiniones "
-"formuladas pueden ser citadas en alegaciones posteriores. Pueden ser "
-"copiadas e incorporadas en otra argumentación u opinión. El «código "
-"fuente» del Derecho estadounidense es deliberadamente y por principio "
-"abierto y de libre uso por cualquiera. Y asà lo usan libremente los "
-"abogados, ya que el secreto de una gran argumentación es que resulte "
-"original mediante la reutilización de lo que se ha hecho antes. La "
-"fuente es libre, la creatividad y una forma de economÃa se cimentan "
-"sobre ella."
+"Todos los elementos de ese proceso son libres en el sentido a que se refiere "
+"Stallman. Las alegaciones jurÃdicas están disponibles para su libre uso por
"
+"los demás. Las argumentaciones son transparentes (lo cual es distinto a "
+"decir que son buenas) y el razonamiento puede ser utilizado sin la "
+"autorización del abogado original. Las opiniones formuladas pueden ser "
+"citadas en alegaciones posteriores. Pueden ser copiadas e incorporadas en "
+"otra argumentación u opinión. El «código fuente» del Derecho
estadounidense "
+"es deliberadamente y por principio abierto y de libre uso por cualquiera. Y "
+"asà lo usan libremente los abogados, ya que el secreto de una gran "
+"argumentación es que resulte original mediante la reutilización de lo que
se "
+"ha hecho antes. La fuente es libre, la creatividad y una forma de economÃa "
+"se cimentan sobre ella."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -314,48 +303,46 @@
"Lawyers get paid; the public doesn't demand such work without price. Instead "
"this economy flourishes, with later work added to the earlier."
msgstr ""
-"Esta economÃa del código abierto (y me refiero aquà al código legal "
-"abierto) no arruina a los abogados. Las firmas de abogados tienen "
-"incentivos suficientes para redactar buenas alegaciones incluso cuando "
-"material que crean pueda ser apropiado y utilizado por cualquier "
-"otro. El abogado es un artesano cuyo trabajo es de dominio "
-"público. Sin embargo la artesanÃa no es caridad. Los abogados cobran, "
-"la gente no contrata ese tipo de trabajo sin un precio. Pero esa "
-"economÃa progresa con trabajos posteriores que se añaden a los "
-"anteriores."
+"Esta economÃa del código abierto (y me refiero aquà al código legal
abierto) "
+"no arruina a los abogados. Las firmas de abogados tienen incentivos "
+"suficientes para redactar buenas alegaciones incluso cuando material que "
+"crean pueda ser apropiado y utilizado por cualquier otro. El abogado es un "
+"artesano cuyo trabajo es de dominio público. Sin embargo la artesanÃa no es
"
+"caridad. Los abogados cobran, la gente no contrata ese tipo de trabajo sin "
+"un precio. Pero esa economÃa progresa con trabajos posteriores que se
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+"a los anteriores."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We could imagine a legal practice that was different — briefs and "
"arguments that were kept secret; rulings that announced a result but not the "
-"reasoning. Laws that were kept by the police but published to no one "
-"else. Regulation that operated without explaining its rule."
+"reasoning. Laws that were kept by the police but published to no one else. "
+"Regulation that operated without explaining its rule."
msgstr ""
-"PodrÃamos imaginar una práctica jurÃdica que fuese diferente, "
-"alegaciones y argumentaciones que se mantuviesen secretas, sentencias "
-"que hiciesen pública su decisión pero no sus fundamentos. Leyes que "
-"fueran guardadas por la policÃa y no se hiciesen públicas para nadie "
-"más. Normativas que se aplicasen sin explicar su contenido."
+"PodrÃamos imaginar una práctica jurÃdica que fuese diferente, alegaciones
y "
+"argumentaciones que se mantuviesen secretas, sentencias que hiciesen pública
"
+"su decisión pero no sus fundamentos. Leyes que fueran guardadas por la "
+"policÃa y no se hiciesen públicas para nadie más. Normativas que se "
+"aplicasen sin explicar su contenido."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"We could imagine this society, but we could not imagine calling it "
-"“free.” Whether or not the incentives in such a society would be "
-"better or more efficiently allocated, such a society could not be known as "
-"free. The ideals of freedom, of life within a free society, demand more than "
+"We could imagine this society, but we could not imagine calling it “"
+"free.” Whether or not the incentives in such a society would be better "
+"or more efficiently allocated, such a society could not be known as free. "
+"The ideals of freedom, of life within a free society, demand more than "
"efficient application. Instead, openness and transparency are the "
"constraints within which a legal system gets built, not options to be added "
"if convenient to the leaders. Life governed by software code should be no "
"less."
msgstr ""
-"Podemos imaginar esa sociedad, pero no podemos imaginarnos llamarla "
-"«libre». Estén, o no, mejor o más eficientemente gestionados los "
-"incentivos en esa sociedad, esta no podrÃa ser considerada libre. Los "
-"ideales de libertad, de vida en una sociedad libre, exigen algo más "
-"que una gestión eficiente. En cambio, el aperturismo y la "
-"transparencia son los lÃmites en los cuales se construye un sistema "
-"legal, sin que se añadan nuevas ideas a conveniencia de los "
-"lÃderes. La vida sometida al código informático no deberÃa ser menos."
+"Podemos imaginar esa sociedad, pero no podemos imaginarnos llamarla
«libre». "
+"Estén, o no, mejor o más eficientemente gestionados los incentivos en esa "
+"sociedad, esta no podrÃa ser considerada libre. Los ideales de libertad, de "
+"vida en una sociedad libre, exigen algo más que una gestión eficiente. En "
+"cambio, el aperturismo y la transparencia son los lÃmites en los cuales se "
+"construye un sistema legal, sin que se añadan nuevas ideas a conveniencia de
"
+"los lÃderes. La vida sometida al código informático no deberÃa ser menos."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -367,13 +354,12 @@
"that assures that its most important resources remain free in just this "
"sense."
msgstr ""
-"Escribir código no es pleitear. Es mejor, más rico, más "
-"productivo. Pero el Derecho es un ejemplo obvio de que la creatividad "
-"y la motivación no dependen de un perfecto control sobres los "
-"productos que se crean. Igual que el jazz, o las novelas, o la "
-"arquitectura, el Derecho se construye sobre el trabajo hecho con "
-"anterioridad. La creatividad siempre es esta agregación y cambio. Y "
-"una sociedad libre es aquella que garantiza que sus recursos más "
+"Escribir código no es pleitear. Es mejor, más rico, más productivo. Pero
el "
+"Derecho es un ejemplo obvio de que la creatividad y la motivación no "
+"dependen de un perfecto control sobres los productos que se crean. Igual que "
+"el jazz, o las novelas, o la arquitectura, el Derecho se construye sobre el "
+"trabajo hecho con anterioridad. La creatividad siempre es esta agregación y "
+"cambio. Y una sociedad libre es aquella que garantiza que sus recursos más "
"importantes permanecen libres, precisamente en este sentido."
# type: Content of: <p>
@@ -390,16 +376,15 @@
"build upon them."
msgstr ""
"Por primera vez este libro recoge los artÃculos y las conferencias de "
-"Richard Stallman de forma que queden claros su sutileza y su "
-"fuerza. Los ensayos abarcan un amplio espectro, desde el copyright a "
-"la historia del movimiento del software libre. Incluyen muchas "
-"argumentaciones no muy bien conocidas y, entre ellas, una apreciación "
-"especialmente inteligente sobre las cambiantes circunstancias que "
-"vuelven sospechoso al copyright en el mundo digital. Servirán como "
-"recurso para aquellos que busquen comprender el pensamiento de este "
-"hombre poderoso, poderoso por sus ideas, su pasión y su integridad, a "
-"pesar de carecer de poder en los demás sentidos. Inspirarán a aquellos "
-"que adopten estas ideas y construyan a partir de ellas."
+"Richard Stallman de forma que queden claros su sutileza y su fuerza. Los "
+"ensayos abarcan un amplio espectro, desde el copyright a la historia del "
+"movimiento del software libre. Incluyen muchas argumentaciones no muy bien "
+"conocidas y, entre ellas, una apreciación especialmente inteligente sobre "
+"las cambiantes circunstancias que vuelven sospechoso al copyright en el "
+"mundo digital. Servirán como recurso para aquellos que busquen comprender el
"
+"pensamiento de este hombre poderoso, poderoso por sus ideas, su pasión y su "
+"integridad, a pesar de carecer de poder en los demás sentidos. Inspirarán a
"
+"aquellos que adopten estas ideas y construyan a partir de ellas."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -407,11 +392,10 @@
"to like. He is driven, often impatient. His anger can flare at friend as "
"easily as foe. He is uncompromising and persistent; patient in both."
msgstr ""
-"No conozco bien a Stallman. Lo conozco lo suficientemente bien para "
-"saber que es una persona que es difÃcil que nos guste. Es obstinado, a "
-"menudo impaciente. Su ira puede inflamarse ante un amigo con tanta "
-"facilidad como ante un enemigo. Es testarudo y persistente, paciente "
-"en todo caso."
+"No conozco bien a Stallman. Lo conozco lo suficientemente bien para saber "
+"que es una persona que es difÃcil que nos guste. Es obstinado, a menudo "
+"impaciente. Su ira puede inflamarse ante un amigo con tanta facilidad como "
+"ante un enemigo. Es testarudo y persistente, paciente en todo caso."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -424,14 +408,14 @@
"deeds or words, has done as much to make possible the freedom that this next "
"society could have."
msgstr ""
-"Pero cuando nuestro mundo finalmente comprenda el poder y el peligro "
-"del código, cuando finalmente vea que el código, como las leyes o como "
-"el gobierno, debe ser transparente para ser libre, entonces volveremos "
-"la mirada a este programador testarudo y persistente y reconoceremos "
-"la idea por cuya realidad ha luchado: la idea de un mundo donde la "
-"libertad y el conocimiento sobreviven al compilador. Y comprenderemos "
-"que nadie, por medio de sus actos o de sus palabras, ha hecho tanto "
-"para hacer posible la libertad que la sociedad venidera podrÃa tener."
+"Pero cuando nuestro mundo finalmente comprenda el poder y el peligro del "
+"código, cuando finalmente vea que el código, como las leyes o como el "
+"gobierno, debe ser transparente para ser libre, entonces volveremos la "
+"mirada a este programador testarudo y persistente y reconoceremos la idea "
+"por cuya realidad ha luchado: la idea de un mundo donde la libertad y el "
+"conocimiento sobreviven al compilador. Y comprenderemos que nadie, por medio "
+"de sus actos o de sus palabras, ha hecho tanto para hacer posible la "
+"libertad que la sociedad venidera podrÃa tener."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -441,32 +425,31 @@
"is inspiration for anyone who would, like Stallman, fight to create this "
"freedom."
msgstr ""
-"Aún no hemos ganado esa libertad. PodrÃamos fracasar en su "
-"consecución. Pero triunfemos o fracasemos, en estos artÃculos se "
-"refleja lo que esa libertad podrÃa ser. Y en la vida que plasman esas "
-"palabras y obras está la inspiración para todo el que, como Stallman, "
-"lucha para crear esa libertad."
+"Aún no hemos ganado esa libertad. PodrÃamos fracasar en su consecución.
Pero "
+"triunfemos o fracasemos, en estos artÃculos se refleja lo que esa libertad "
+"podrÃa ser. Y en la vida que plasman esas palabras y obras está la "
+"inspiración para todo el que, como Stallman, lucha para crear esa libertad."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<strong>Lawrence Lessig</strong><br /> <strong>Professor of Law, Stanford "
"Law School.</strong>"
msgstr ""
-"<strong>Lawrence Lessig</strong><br /> <strong>Profesor de Derecho, "
-"Facultad de Derecho de Stanford.</strong>"
+"<strong>Lawrence Lessig</strong><br /> <strong>Profesor de Derecho, Facultad "
+"de Derecho de Stanford.</strong>"
# type: Content of: <h4>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";>Learn "
-"more about <i>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard "
-"M. Stallman</i></a>"
+"more about <i>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. "
+"Stallman</i></a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";>Aprende "
-"más acerca de <i>Software Libre, Sociedad Libre: Los Ensayos Seleccionados
de Richard "
-"M. Stallman</i></a>"
+"más acerca de <i>Software Libre, Sociedad Libre: Los Ensayos Seleccionados "
+"de Richard M. Stallman</i></a>"
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
# type: Content of: <div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
@@ -478,23 +461,21 @@
"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
msgstr ""
-"Por favor, envÃe sus comentarios y preguntas sobre la "
-"<acronym title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> y el proyecto "
-"GNU a <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
â©También puede <a href=\"/contact/\">contactar con la FSF por otros "
-"medios</a>."
-"<br />â©Por favor, envÃe enlaces rotos y otras correcciones o sugerencias
aâ©<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden"
-"</em></a>."
-""
+"Por favor, envÃe sus comentarios y preguntas sobre la <acronym title=\"Free "
+"Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> y el proyecto GNU a <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. â©También puede <a
href=\"/contact/\">contactar con la FSF por otros medios</"
+"a>.<br />â©Por favor, envÃe enlaces rotos y otras correcciones o
sugerencias aâ©<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></"
+"a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr ""
-"Por favor, vea el <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.es.html\">LÃEME de las
traducciones</a> "
-"para informarse acerca cómo coordinar y enviar traducciones de este
artÃculo."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Por favor, vea el <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.es.html"
+"\">LÃEME de las traducciones</a> para informarse acerca cómo coordinar y "
+"enviar traducciones de este artÃculo."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
@@ -505,24 +486,26 @@
msgstr "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA"
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
-"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted "
+"without royalty in any medium provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
-"Se permite la distribución y la copia literal de este artÃculo en su"
-"totalidad y por cualquier medio siempre y cuando se conserve esta nota."
+"Se permite la distribución y la copia literal de este artÃculo en "
+"sutotalidad y por cualquier medio siempre y cuando se conserve esta nota."
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "<!-- Traducción publicada en Software Libre, Sociedad Libre,
Traficantes de Sueños 2004. -->"
+msgstr ""
+"<!-- Traducción publicada en Software Libre, Sociedad Libre, Traficantes de "
+"Sueños 2004. -->"
-#. timestamp start
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ãltima actualización:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Traducciones de esta página"
-
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po 4 Feb 2009 01:30:27 -0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po 4 Feb 2009 09:28:06 -0000 1.6
@@ -8,15 +8,18 @@
"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-01-07 04:28-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-02-03 15:28-0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Leandro Guimarães Faria Corcete DUTRA <address@hidden>\n"
+"Last-Translator: Leandro Guimarães Faria Corcete DUTRA <leandro.gfc."
+"address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)"
-msgstr "Filosofia do Projeto GNU â Projeto GNU â Free Software Foundation
(FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Filosofia do Projeto GNU â Projeto GNU â Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project"
@@ -27,19 +30,26 @@
"This page lists a series of articles describing the philosophy of the free "
"software movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free "
"software operating system GNU."
-msgstr "Esta página lita uma série de artigos descrevendo a filosofia do
movimento de programs livres, que é nossa motivação para desenvolver o
sistema operacional livre GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Esta página lita uma série de artigos descrevendo a filosofia do movimento "
+"de programs livres, que é nossa motivação para desenvolver o sistema "
+"operacional livre GNU."
+# type: Content of: <p>
#. please leave both these ID attributes here. ...
#. ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the
#. same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users
#. have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len
-# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<a id=\"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">We</a> <a "
-"id=\"FreedomOrganizations\">also</a> keep a list of <a "
-"href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations\">Organizations that Work for "
-"Freedom in Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a>."
-msgstr "<a id = \"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">Também</a> <a id =
\"FreedomOrganizations\">mantemos</a> uma lista de <a href =
\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations\">Organizações que Trabalham pela
Liberdade no Desenvolvimento de Informática e nas Comunicações
Eletrânicas</a>."
+"<a id=\"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">We</a> <a id=\"FreedomOrganizations"
+"\">also</a> keep a list of <a href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations"
+"\">Organizations that Work for Freedom in Computer Development and "
+"Electronic Communications</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id = \"TOCFreedomOrganizations\">Também</a> <a id =
\"FreedomOrganizations"
+"\">mantemos</a> uma lista de <a href = \"/links/links."
+"html#FreedomOrganizations\">Organizações que Trabalham pela Liberdade no "
+"Desenvolvimento de Informática e nas Comunicações Eletrânicas</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "About Free Software"
@@ -53,7 +63,13 @@
"be copied and changed much more easily. These possibilities make software "
"as useful as it is; we believe software users should be able to make use of "
"them."
-msgstr "Informática é uma questão de liberdade: as pessoas deveriam ter a
liberdade de usar programas de todas as maneiras socialmente úteis. Programas
de computador diferem de objetos materiais â como cadeiras, sanduÃches e
gasolina â em que podem ser copiados e alterados muito mais facilmente.
Essas possibilidades tornam os programas tão úteis; cremos que usuários de
Informática deveriam poder utilizá-las."
+msgstr ""
+"Informática é uma questão de liberdade: as pessoas deveriam ter a
liberdade "
+"de usar programas de todas as maneiras socialmente úteis. Programas de "
+"computador diferem de objetos materiais â como cadeiras, sanduÃches e "
+"gasolina â em que podem ser copiados e alterados muito mais facilmente. "
+"Essas possibilidades tornam os programas tão úteis; cremos que usuários de
"
+"Informática deveriam poder utilizá-las."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
@@ -61,50 +77,60 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have "
-"Owners</a>"
-msgstr "<a href = \"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Porque Programas Não Deviam
Ter Donos</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href = \"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Porque Programas Não Deviam Ter "
+"Donos</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/shouldbefree.html\">Why Software Should Be Free</a> "
"(This is an older and longer essay about the same topic as the previous one)"
-msgstr "<a href = \"/philosophy/shouldbefree.html\">Porque Programas Não
Deviam Ter Donos</a> (ensaio mais velho e longo sobre o mesmo tema do anterior)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href = \"/philosophy/shouldbefree.html\">Porque Programas Não Deviam Ter "
+"Donos</a> (ensaio mais velho e longo sobre o mesmo tema do anterior)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
"Documentation</a>"
-msgstr "<a href = \"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Porque Programas Programas
Livres Precisam de Documentos Livres</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href = \"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Porque Programas Programas Livres "
+"Precisam de Documentos Livres</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!"
-msgstr "<a href=\\\"/philosophy/selling.html\\\">Vender Programas Livres</a>
Não Tem Problema!"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\\\"/philosophy/selling.html\\\">Vender Programas Livres</a> Não Tem
"
+"Problema!"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#:
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free and Non-Free "
"Software</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\\\"/philosophy/categories.html\\\">Categorias de Programas
Livres e Não-Livres</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\\\"/philosophy/categories.html\\\">Categorias de Programas Livres e "
+"Não-Livres</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/software/reliability.html\">Free Software is More
Reliable!</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/software/reliability.html\">Free Software is More Reliable!</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#:
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open "
"Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html\">Linux, GNU, and
Freedom</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html\">Linux, GNU, and Freedom</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/gnutella.html\" id=\"Gnutella\">Regarding
Gnutella</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/gnutella.html\" id=\"Gnutella\">Regarding Gnutella</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -124,7 +150,8 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software
movement</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-intro.html\">Free Software movement</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -258,7 +285,8 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">Is Microsoft the Great
Satan?</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -268,7 +296,8 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html\">On the Microsoft
Verdict</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html\">On the Microsoft Verdict</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -291,8 +320,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/using-gfdl.html\" id=\"UsingGFDL\">Using the GNU "
-"FDL</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/using-gfdl.html\" id=\"UsingGFDL\">Using the GNU FDL</"
+"a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -336,16 +365,16 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\" "
-"id=\"FightingSoftwarePatents\">Fighting Software Patents - Singly and "
-"Together</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html\" id="
+"\"FightingSoftwarePatents\">Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together</"
+"a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html\" "
-"id=\"SoftwareLiteraryPatents\"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a>, "
-"by Richard M. Stallman, speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html\" id="
+"\"SoftwareLiteraryPatents\"> Software Patents and Literary Patents</a>, by "
+"Richard M. Stallman, speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent "
"(6,935,954) covers making game characters start to hallucinate when "
"(according to the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty "
"close to the hypothetical examples cited in this article."
@@ -368,9 +397,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\">Misinterpreting "
-"Copyright</a> is another essay by <a "
-"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> about the flaws in "
-"popular defenses of copyright law."
+"Copyright</a> is another essay by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org";
+"\">Richard Stallman</a> about the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -382,15 +410,13 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html\">Science must “push "
-"copyright aside”</a>, another work of <a "
-"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> that appeared in the "
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html\";>
"
-"Nature Webdebates</a> in 2001, explains how copyright is impeding progress "
-"in scientific research. You may also be interested in <a "
-"href=\"http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org\";>The Public Library of "
-"Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely "
-"available to all on the Internet."
+"copyright aside”</a>, another work of <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org";
+"\">Richard Stallman</a> that appeared in the <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/";
+"nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html\"> Nature Webdebates</a> in "
+"2001, explains how copyright is impeding progress in scientific research. "
+"You may also be interested in <a href=\"http://www.publiclibraryofscience.org";
+"\">The Public Library of Science</a>, which is dedicated to making "
+"scientific research freely available to all on the Internet."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -401,36 +427,33 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html\";>
"
-"Eldred v. Reno</a> is about a lawsuit to overturn a law that extends "
-"copyright by 20 extra years."
+"<a href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/";
+"complaint_orig.html\"> Eldred v. Reno</a> is about a lawsuit to overturn a "
+"law that extends copyright by 20 extra years."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html\">Freedom-Or Copyright?</a>, "
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> (an <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html\">older version</a> of this "
-"essay remains online as well)."
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> (an <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html\">older version</a> of this essay "
+"remains online as well)."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html\" "
-"id=\"StallmanTalkLSM\"> Copyright versus community in the age of computer "
-"networks</a>: is a verbatim transcript of a talk by <a "
-"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richard Stallman</a> at the Logiciel Libre "
-"Conference in July 2000."
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html\" id=\"StallmanTalkLSM"
+"\"> Copyright versus community in the age of computer networks</a>: is a "
+"verbatim transcript of a talk by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> "
+"Richard Stallman</a> at the Logiciel Libre Conference in July 2000."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/feedback/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf\";> "
-"An English translation</a> of the famous decision of the District Court of "
-"Munich (Germany) regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL. The "
-"translation was done by the Oxford Internet Institute."
+"<a href=\"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/feedback/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";
+"\"> An English translation</a> of the famous decision of the District Court "
+"of Munich (Germany) regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL. "
+"The translation was done by the Oxford Internet Institute."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
@@ -440,14 +463,14 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://www.bostonreview.net/BR33.2/stallman.php\";>The root of this "
-"problem is software controlled by its developer</a>, by "
-"Richard M. Stallman."
+"problem is software controlled by its developer</a>, by Richard M. "
+"Stallman."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/computing-progress.html\">Computing "
-"“progress”: good and bad</a>, by Richard M. Stallman."
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/computing-progress.html\">Computing “"
+"progress”: good and bad</a>, by Richard M. Stallman."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -480,15 +503,13 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\">The Right to Read: A Dystopian "
-"Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";> Richard "
-"Stallman</a>"
+"Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";> Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
msgid ""
-"The propaganda term <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\"> "
-"“Intellectual Property”</a>"
+"The propaganda term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+"html#IntellectualProperty\"> “Intellectual Property”</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -506,8 +527,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman has written <a href=\"/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html\">a "
-"review of Boldrin and Levine's “The case against intellectual "
-"property.”</a>"
+"review of Boldrin and Levine's “The case against intellectual property."
+"”</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -530,9 +551,9 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/guardian-article.html\">That's fighting talk</a> a "
-"slightly modified version of the article, originally published in <a "
-"href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a> of London by <a "
-"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> and Nick Hill."
+"slightly modified version of the article, originally published in <a href="
+"\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a> of London by <a href=\"http://";
+"www.stallman.org\">Richard Stallman</a> and Nick Hill."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -543,18 +564,17 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"In <a "
-"href=\"http://www.eff.org/IP/DMCA/Felten_v_RIAA/20010606_eff_felten_pr.html\";>
"
-"Felten v. RIAA</a>, scientists are asking a court to rule that the Digital "
-"Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from publishing their "
-"research."
+"In <a href=\"http://www.eff.org/IP/DMCA/Felten_v_RIAA/20010606_eff_felten_pr.";
+"html\"> Felten v. RIAA</a>, scientists are asking a court to rule that the "
+"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from "
+"publishing their research."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.eff.org/IP/Video/MPAA_DVD_cases/\";>EFF "
-"“Intellectual Property: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) "
-"DVD Cases” Archive</a>"
+"<a href=\"http://www.eff.org/IP/Video/MPAA_DVD_cases/\";>EFF “"
+"Intellectual Property: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) DVD "
+"Cases” Archive</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -575,9 +595,9 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf\"; "
-"id=\"SequentialIPandI\">Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> is "
-"a paper that presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede "
+"<a href=\"http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf\"; id="
+"\"SequentialIPandI\">Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a> is a "
+"paper that presents a mathematical model showing how patents can impede "
"progress in fields like software."
msgstr ""
@@ -587,24 +607,22 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/comment/story/0,12449,1540984,00.html\";>
"
-"Soft sell</a>. An article by Richard M. Stallman published in <a "
-"href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a>."
+"<a href=\"http://technology.guardian.co.uk/online/comment/";
+"story/0,12449,1540984,00.html\"> Soft sell</a>. An article by Richard M. "
+"Stallman published in <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a>."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit\";>
"
-"Patent absurdity</a>, an article by Richard M. Stallman published in <a "
-"href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a>."
+"<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.";
+"insideit\"> Patent absurdity</a>, an article by Richard M. Stallman "
+"published in <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk\";>The Guardian</a>."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/trivial-patent.html\">The Anatomy of a Trivial "
-"Patent</a>, by Richard M. Stallman."
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/trivial-patent.html\">The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent</"
+"a>, by Richard M. Stallman."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -612,9 +630,9 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/gif.html\">Why there are no GIF files on GNU web "
"pages</a>, While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of "
"software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern. For "
-"details of our website <a "
-"href=\"/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics\">policies regarding "
-"GIFs</a>, see our web <a href=\"/server/standards/\">web guidelines</a>."
+"details of our website <a href=\"/server/fsf-html-style-sheet."
+"html#UseofGraphics\">policies regarding GIFs</a>, see our web <a href=\"/"
+"server/standards/\">web guidelines</a>."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h4>
@@ -623,17 +641,15 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis.html\">World Summit on the Information "
-"Society</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis.html\">World Summit on the Information Society</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html\">The introduction by Lawrence "
-"Lessig</a> to <a "
-"href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><i>Free "
-"Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</i></a> "
-"is available for reading."
+"Lessig</a> to <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-";
+"society/\"><i>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. "
+"Stallman</i></a> is available for reading."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -661,18 +677,17 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/00/11/27/001127opfoster.xml\";>
"
-"A world with UCITA may allow fine print to outweigh the right thing</a> by "
-"Ed Foster <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> "
-"<address@hidden></a>"
+"<a href=\"http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/00/11/27/001127opfoster.";
+"xml\"> A world with UCITA may allow fine print to outweigh the right thing</"
+"a> by Ed Foster <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";> <address@hidden"
+"com></a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\">Free Software and "
-"(e-)Government</a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard Stallman "
-"(originally published under the title “Second Sight”)."
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\">Free Software and (e-)Government</"
+"a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard Stallman (originally "
+"published under the title “Second Sight”)."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -695,17 +710,16 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://counterpunch.org/baker08192004.html\";>Why We Need "
-"“Free Software” Voting Machines</a>"
+"<a href=\"http://counterpunch.org/baker08192004.html\";>Why We Need “"
+"Free Software” Voting Machines</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html\">SCO, GNU, and Linux</a>, by "
"Richard Stallman, discusses how SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the "
-"work of the GNU project. Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/sco/sco.html\">FSF SCO Response Page</a> for more details "
-"on this subject."
+"work of the GNU project. Please see the <a href=\"/philosophy/sco/sco.html"
+"\">FSF SCO Response Page</a> for more details on this subject."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -764,8 +778,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">Translations of the term "
-"“free software”</a> into various languages"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">Translations of the term “"
+"free software”</a> into various languages"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -780,8 +794,8 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/mcvoy.html\">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> by Richard "
-"M. Stallman"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/mcvoy.html\">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a> by Richard M. "
+"Stallman"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -791,7 +805,8 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/compromise.html\">Avoiding Ruinous
Compromises</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/compromise.html\">Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a>"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -816,25 +831,25 @@
msgid "<a href=\"third-party-ideas.html\">Third party ideas</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
# type: Content of: <div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
-"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -853,13 +868,13 @@
"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
-#. timestamp start
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po 2 Feb 2009
07:23:07 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.po 4 Feb 2009
09:28:06 -0000 1.2
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
"com>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Your Freedom Needs Free Software"
Index: server/whatsnew.ar.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.ar.include,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- server/whatsnew.ar.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:56 -0000 1.11
+++ server/whatsnew.ar.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:12 -0000 1.12
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
ÙØ¥Ù​إس​Ø¥Ù</strong></a> | <a
href="/press/press.html"><strong>اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات
اÙصØÙÙØ©</strong></a>Ù <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>اÙإصدارات</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 January 2009</dt>
<dd>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: server/whatsnew.bg.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.bg.include,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- server/whatsnew.bg.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:56 -0000 1.20
+++ server/whatsnew.bg.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:12 -0000 1.21
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
href="/keepingup.html"><strong>Ð ÑеÑение Ñ GNU/ФСС</strong></a> |
<a
href="/press/press.html"><strong>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
пÑеÑаÑа</strong></a> и <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>комÑникеÑа</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 January 2009</dt>
<dd>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: server/whatsnew.fr.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.fr.include,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- server/whatsnew.fr.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:56 -0000 1.13
+++ server/whatsnew.fr.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:12 -0000 1.14
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
href="/keepingup.fr.html"><strong>Restez informé sur GNU et la
FSF</strong></a> | <a href="/press/press.html"><strong>Presse</strong></a>
et <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>Publications</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 January 2009</dt>
<dd>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: server/whatsnew.it.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.it.include,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- server/whatsnew.it.include 31 Jan 2009 09:27:27 -0000 1.19
+++ server/whatsnew.it.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:12 -0000 1.20
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
GNU/FSF</strong></a> | <a href="/press/press.html"><strong>Informazioni per
la stampa</strong></a> e <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>Comunicati
stampa</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 Gennaio 2009</dt>
<dd>La FSF ha pubblicato una nuova <a
href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">nuova GCC Runtime Library Exception</a> che
permetterà di aggiornare alla licenza GPLv3 l'intero codice di <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> e di permettere lo sviluppo di un framework per i
plugin di GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: server/whatsnew.sr.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.sr.include,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- server/whatsnew.sr.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:56 -0000 1.12
+++ server/whatsnew.sr.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:13 -0000 1.13
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
href="/keepingup.html"><strong>УкоÑак Ñа ÐÐУ-ом и
ÐСС</strong></a> | <a
href="/press/press.html"><strong>ÐнÑоÑмаÑиÑе за
ÑÑампÑ</strong></a> и <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>ÐздаÑа</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 January 2009</dt>
<dd>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: server/whatsnew.uk.include
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/whatsnew.uk.include,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- server/whatsnew.uk.include 30 Jan 2009 09:27:57 -0000 1.8
+++ server/whatsnew.uk.include 4 Feb 2009 09:28:13 -0000 1.9
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
href="/keepingup.html"><strong>Keeping Up With GNU/FSF</strong></a> | <a
href="/press/press.html"><strong>Press Information</strong></a> and <a
href="/press/press.html#releases"><strong>Releases</strong></a></p><dl>
+ <dt>1 February 2009</dt>
+ <dd>PDF is an open standard supported by Free Software but many PDF
documents instruct you to use a particular vendor's reader. Find out more about
Free Software PDF readers and their advantages at <a
href="http://pdfreaders.org/";>pdfreaders.org</a>.</dd>
+</dl><dl>
<dt>27 January 2009</dt>
<dd>The FSF has published a <a href="/licenses/gcc-exception.html">new GCC
Runtime Library Exception</a> which will allow the entire <a
href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> codebase to be upgraded to GPLv3, and enable the
development of a plugin framework for GCC.</dd>
</dl><dl>
Index: software/po/reliability.ml.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/reliability.ml.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- software/po/reliability.ml.po 2 Feb 2009 07:40:09 -0000 1.1
+++ software/po/reliability.ml.po 4 Feb 2009 09:28:24 -0000 1.2
@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
"com>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
"Free Software is More Reliable! - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
"(FSF)"
-msgstr "à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ
വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ !- à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´ -
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´«àµà´£àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµâ (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ !-
à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´ - à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ à´«àµà´£àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµâ "
+"(FSF)"
# type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Free Software is More Reliable!"
@@ -43,7 +45,10 @@
"Empirical evidence disagrees, however; scientific tests, described below, "
"have found GNU software to be <em>more</em> reliable than comparable "
"proprietary software."
-msgstr "à´
à´¨àµà´à´µàµà´¦àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´µàµà´à´³àµâ
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´
à´¨àµà´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²;
താഴൠവിശദàµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
ശാസàµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´ªà´ à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµâ
à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ
<em>à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ</em> വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ."
+msgstr ""
+"à´
à´¨àµà´à´µàµà´¦àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´µàµà´à´³àµâ
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´
à´¨àµà´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²;
താഴൠവിശദàµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
ശാസàµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´ªà´ à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµâ "
+"à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ
<em>à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ</em> വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´ à´àµà´¨àµ "
+"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -67,7 +72,12 @@
"subjecting them to a random input stream, they could “crash (with core "
"dump) or hang (infinite loop) over 40% (in the worst case) of the basic "
"utility programs…”"
-msgstr "1990 à´²àµà´ 1995 à´²àµà´ ബാരàµâà´àµà´à´¨àµâ
.പി.മിലàµà´²à´±àµà´ à´
à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
സഹപàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´à´°àµà´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ വിശàµà´µà´¸àµà´¤à´¤
പരàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµ .à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ സമയതàµà´¤àµà´
à´àµà´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´®àµà´¨àµâപനàµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ. à´à´´àµ
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´àµà´à´³àµà´ , à´àµà´¨àµ à´µàµà´ à´
വരàµâ പരàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµ. à´àµà´°à´®à´°à´¹à´¿à´¤
à´à´¨àµâà´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµ
വിധàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´³àµâ ,à´
വരàµâà´àµà´àµ “40 ശതമാനതàµà´¤àµà´³à´ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨ à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµ à´àµà´°àµâ
à´¡à´®àµà´ªàµà´àµ à´àµà´à´¿ à´àµà´°à´¾à´·àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµ, à´à´¨àµâà´«àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´±àµ
à´²àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´²àµâ à´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¿
നിശàµà´à´²à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´àµ.…”"
+msgstr ""
+"1990 à´²àµà´ 1995 à´²àµà´ ബാരàµâà´àµà´à´¨àµâ
.പി.മിലàµà´²à´±àµà´ à´
à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
സഹപàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´à´°àµà´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ "
+"à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ വിശàµà´µà´¸àµà´¤à´¤
പരàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµ .à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ സമയതàµà´¤àµà´
à´àµà´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´®àµà´¨àµâപനàµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ. à´à´´àµ "
+"à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´àµà´à´³àµà´ , à´àµà´¨àµ à´µàµà´ à´
വരàµâ പരàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµ. à´àµà´°à´®à´°à´¹à´¿à´¤
à´à´¨àµâà´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµ "
+"വിധàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´³àµâ ,à´
വരàµâà´àµà´àµ “40 ശതമാനതàµà´¤àµà´³à´ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨ à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµ à´àµà´°àµâ
à´¡à´®àµà´ªàµà´àµ à´àµà´à´¿ "
+"à´àµà´°à´¾à´·àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµ,
à´à´¨àµâà´«àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´±àµ à´²àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´²àµâ
à´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¿ നിശàµà´à´²à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´àµ.…”"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -84,7 +94,11 @@
"in both 1990 and 1995 noticeably improved in reliability, but still had "
"significant rates of failure (the basic utilities from GNU/Linux still were "
"noticeably better than those of the commercial systems).”"
-msgstr "മിലàµà´²à´°àµâ à´à´¤àµà´àµà´àµ പറà´àµà´àµ:
“1990 à´²àµà´ 1995 à´²àµà´ നമàµà´®à´³àµâ
താരതമàµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯ à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´ à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³àµà´
à´ªàµà´°à´à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´ വിധഠവിശàµà´µà´¾à´¸àµà´¯à´¤
à´®àµà´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
.à´ªà´àµà´·àµ à´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´ സാരമായ
à´¤àµà´±àµà´±àµà´à´³àµà´£àµà´àµàµ (à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¾à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµâ à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´
à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ വളരàµ
à´®àµà´àµà´à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ ).”"
+msgstr ""
+"മിലàµà´²à´°àµâ à´à´¤àµà´àµà´àµ പറà´àµà´àµ:
“1990 à´²àµà´ 1995 à´²àµà´ നമàµà´®à´³àµâ
താരതമàµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯ à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´ "
+"à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´ªàµà´°à´à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´ വിധà´
വിശàµà´µà´¾à´¸àµà´¯à´¤
à´®àµà´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
.à´ªà´àµà´·àµ à´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´ സാരമായ "
+"à´¤àµà´±àµà´±àµà´à´³àµà´£àµà´àµàµ (à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¾à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµâ à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¸à´¾à´¯à´¿à´ "
+"à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ വളരàµ
à´®àµà´àµà´à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ ).”"
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -136,7 +150,14 @@
"source code available for all to see puts his reputation on the line, and "
"had better make the software clean and clear, on pain of the community's "
"disapproval."
-msgstr "മറàµà´±àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ,
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´°àµâ à´
തിനàµà´±àµ വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´¤à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ à´
à´¤àµà´µ
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¾à´²àµà´àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯àµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´
വാണിà´àµà´¯à´ªà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
മതàµà´¸à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´², à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´²àµâ
à´
à´¤àµàµ à´
à´à´àµà´à´¾à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿à´®à´¤àµà´¸à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµ, à´¤àµà´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´à´°à´®à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´ à´
à´¤àµàµ
വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´°à´¾à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´¸àµà´µàµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤à´¨àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´².
à´à´¨àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´§à´¿à´à´, à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´à´¾à´°à´¨àµâ
തനàµà´±àµ à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ à´àµà´¡àµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´µà´°àµâà´àµà´àµà´ à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯
à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµâവയàµà´àµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµà´³àµâ à´
യാളàµà´àµ à´à´´à´¿à´µàµà´ à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´
à´à´£àµàµ ഠവരിà´à´³à´¿à´²àµâ
à´ªàµà´°à´¤à´¿à´«à´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´¾à´£àµà´àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ സമàµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´
à´¸àµà´µàµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤à´¯àµ à´à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´àµàµ
തനàµà´±àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
മിà´à´µàµà´±àµà´±à´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ പരമാവധി
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
+msgstr ""
+"മറàµà´±àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ, à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´°àµâ à´
തിനàµà´±àµ വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´¤à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ à´
à´¤àµà´µ
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¾à´²àµà´àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ "
+"à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯àµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´
വാണിà´àµà´¯à´ªà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
മതàµà´¸à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´², à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´²àµâ
à´
à´¤àµàµ "
+"à´
à´à´àµà´à´¾à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿à´®à´¤àµà´¸à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµ, à´¤àµà´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´à´°à´®à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´ à´
à´¤àµàµ "
+"വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´°à´¾à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´¸àµà´µàµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤à´¨àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´².
à´à´¨àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´§à´¿à´à´, à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´à´¾à´°à´¨àµâ
തനàµà´±àµ à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ à´àµà´¡àµ "
+"à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´µà´°àµâà´àµà´àµà´ à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯
à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµâവയàµà´àµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµà´³àµâ à´
യാളàµà´àµ à´à´´à´¿à´µàµà´ à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´
à´à´£àµàµ ഠവരിà´à´³à´¿à´²àµâ "
+"à´ªàµà´°à´¤à´¿à´«à´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´¾à´£àµà´àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ സമàµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´
à´¸àµà´µàµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤à´¯àµ à´à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´àµàµ
തനàµà´±àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´ "
+"മിà´à´µàµà´±àµà´±à´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ പരമാവധി
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Cancer Clinic Relies on Free Software!"
@@ -153,10 +174,10 @@
msgstr ""
"à´µà´à´àµà´à´¨àµâ Dakotaയിലൠഫാരàµâà´àµ(à´
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¾à´²à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´à´°àµ
à´à´²à´àµà´à´¿à´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ à´à´°àµ
à´µàµà´³àµà´³à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ à´µàµà´¦à´¿à´¯à´¾à´¯
"
"à´
തൠഫാരàµâà´àµ)യിലൠRoger Maris
à´àµà´¯à´¾à´¨àµâസരàµâ
à´à´¿à´à´¿à´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´²à´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµâ ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ "
-"à´àµà´¨àµ à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ,
à´à´¾à´°à´£à´ à´
വിà´àµ വിശàµà´µà´¾à´¸àµà´¯à´¤ à´
à´¤àµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ "
-"യനàµà´¤àµà´°à´¸à´à´µà´¿à´§à´¾à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´°àµ
à´¶àµà´à´à´² വിവരശàµà´à´°à´¸à´à´µà´¿à´§à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´,
മരàµà´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¿à´à´¿à´¤àµà´¸à´à´³àµ "
-"à´à´àµà´ªà´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´, മറàµà´±àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµâ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´
à´¶àµà´à´à´² à´à´¿à´à´¿à´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´²à´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµ "
-"à´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´°àµâà´àµà´àµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯àµà´ªàµà´´àµà´
à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
+"à´àµà´¨àµ à´µàµà´¯àµà´¹à´àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ,
à´à´¾à´°à´£à´ à´
വിà´àµ വിശàµà´µà´¾à´¸àµà´¯à´¤ à´
à´¤àµà´¯à´¾à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´àµà´¨àµ/"
+"ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
യനàµà´¤àµà´°à´¸à´à´µà´¿à´§à´¾à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´°àµ
à´¶àµà´à´à´² വിവരശàµà´à´°à´¸à´à´µà´¿à´§à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´,
മരàµà´¨àµà´¨àµ "
+"à´à´¿à´à´¿à´¤àµà´¸à´à´³àµ
à´à´àµà´ªà´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´, മറàµà´±àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµâ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´
à´¶àµà´à´à´² "
+"à´à´¿à´à´¿à´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´²à´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµ
à´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´°àµâà´àµà´àµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯àµà´ªàµà´´àµà´
à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
# type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -173,9 +194,9 @@
"software channels have enabled us to write and develop innovative "
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+"à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²à´¾à´àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²…
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# type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Bulletproof GNU Utilities!"
Index: events/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: events/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot
diff -N events/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ events/po/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.pot 4 Feb 2009 09:27:56 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2701 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-02-04 04:25-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Transcript of<br /> Richard M. Stallman's speech,<br /> <em>“Free "
+"Software: Freedom and Cooperation”</em><br /> New York University in "
+"New York, New York<br /> on 29 May 2001"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt\">plain text</a> version of "
+"this transcript and a <a "
+"href=\"/events/rms-nyu-2001-summary.txt\">summary</a> of the speech are also "
+"available."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: I'm Mike Uretsky. I'm over at the Stern School of "
+"Business. I'm also one of the Co-Directors of the Center for Advanced "
+"Technology. And, on behalf of all of us in the Computer Science Department, "
+"I want to welcome you here. I want to say a few comments, before I turn it "
+"over to Ed, who is going to introduce the speaker."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"The role of a university is a place to foster debate and to have interesting "
+"discussions. And the role of a major university is to have particularly "
+"interesting discussions. And this particular presentation, this seminar "
+"falls right into that mold. I find the discussion of open source "
+"particularly interesting. In a sense … <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I do free software. Open source is a different "
+"movement. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>URETSKY</strong>: When I first started in the field in the '60's, "
+"basically software was free. And we went in cycles. It became free, and "
+"then software manufacturers, in the need to expand their markets, pushed it "
+"in other directions. A lot of the developments that took place with the "
+"entry of the PC moved in exactly the same kind of a cycle."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"There's a very interesting French philosopher, Pierre Levy, who talks about "
+"movement to this direction and who talks about the move into cyberspace as "
+"not only relating to technology but also relating to social restructuring, "
+"to political restructuring, through a change in the kinds of relationships "
+"that will improve the well-being of mankind. And we're hoping that this "
+"debate is a movement in that direction, that this debate is something that "
+"cuts across a lot of the disciplines that normally act as solace within the "
+"University. We're looking forward to some very interesting discussions. "
+"Ed?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: I'm Ed Schonberg from the Computer Science "
+"Department at the Courant Institute. Let me welcome you all to this event. "
+"Introducers are usually, and particularly, a useless aspect of public "
+"presentations, but in this case, actually, they serve a useful purpose, as "
+"Mike easily demonstrated, because an introducer for instance, told him, by "
+"making inaccurate comments, can allow him to straighten out and correct and "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> sharpen considerably the parameters of the debate."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, let me make the briefest possible introduction to somebody who doesn't "
+"need one. Richard is the perfect example of somebody who, by acting "
+"locally, started thinking globally from problems concerning the "
+"unavailability of source code for printer drivers at the AI Lab many years "
+"ago. He has developed a coherent philosophy that has forced all of us to "
+"re-examine our ideas of how software is produced, of what intellectual "
+"property means, and what the software community actually represents. Let me "
+"welcome Richard Stallman. <i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can someone lend me a watch? <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Thank you. So, I'd like to thank Microsoft for providing me the opportunity "
+"to <i>[Laughter]</i> be on this platform. For the past few weeks, I have "
+"felt like an author whose book was fortuitously banned somewhere. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Except that all the articles about it are giving the wrong "
+"author's name, because Microsoft describes the GNU GPL as an open source "
+"license, and most of the press coverage followed suit. Most people, of "
+"course just innocently don't realize that our work has nothing to do with "
+"open source, that in fact we did most of it before people even coined the "
+"term open source."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"We are in the free software movement, and I'm going to speak about what the "
+"free software movement is about, what it means, what we have done, and, "
+"because this is partly sponsored by a school of business, I'll say some "
+"things more than I usually do about how free software relates to business, "
+"and some other areas of social life."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, some of you may not ever write computer programs, but perhaps you "
+"cook. And if you cook, unless you're really great, you probably use "
+"recipes. And, if you use recipes, you've probably had the experience of "
+"getting a copy of a recipe from a friend who's sharing it. And you've "
+"probably also had the experience — unless you're a total neophyte "
+"— of changing a recipe. You know, it says certain things, but you "
+"don't have to do exactly that. You can leave out some ingredients. Add "
+"some mushrooms, 'cause you like mushrooms. Put in less salt because your "
+"doctor said you should cut down on salt — whatever. You can even make "
+"bigger changes according to your skill. And if you've made changes in a "
+"recipe, and you cook it for your friends, and they like it, one of your "
+"friends might say, “Hey, could I have the recipe?” And then, "
+"what do you do? You could write down your modified version of the recipe and "
+"make a copy for your friend. These are the natural things to do with "
+"functionally useful recipes of any kind."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now a recipe is a lot like a computer program. A computer program's a lot "
+"like a recipe: a series of steps to be carried out to get some result that "
+"you want. So it's just as natural to do those same things with computer "
+"programs — hand a copy to your friend. Make changes in it because the "
+"job it was written to do isn't exactly what you want. It did a great job "
+"for somebody else, but your job is a different job. And after you've "
+"changed it, that's likely to be useful for other people. Maybe they have a "
+"job to do that's like the job you do. So they ask, “Hey, can I have a "
+"copy?” Of course, if you're a nice person, you're going to give a "
+"copy. That's the way to be a decent person."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So imagine what it would be like if recipes were packaged inside black "
+"boxes. You couldn't see what ingredients they're using, let alone change "
+"them, and imagine if you made a copy for a friend, they would call you a "
+"pirate and try to put you in prison for years. That world would create "
+"tremendous outrage from all the people who are used to sharing recipes. But "
+"that is exactly what the world of proprietary software is like. A world in "
+"which common decency towards other people is prohibited or prevented."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, why did I notice this? I noticed this because I had the good fortune in "
+"the 1970's to be part of a community of programmers who shared software. "
+"Now, this community could trace its ancestry essentially back to the "
+"beginning of computing. In the 1970's, though, it was a bit rare for there "
+"to be a community where people shared software. And, in fact, this was sort "
+"of an extreme case, because in the lab where I worked, the entire operating "
+"system was software developed by the people in our community, and we'd share "
+"any of it with anybody. Anybody was welcome to come and take a look, and "
+"take away a copy, and do whatever he wanted to do. There were no copyright "
+"notices on these programs. Cooperation was our way of life. And we were "
+"secure in that way of life. We didn't fight for it. We didn't have to "
+"fight for it. We just lived that way. And, as far as we knew, we would "
+"just keep on living that way. So there was free software, but there was no "
+"free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"But then our community was destroyed by a series of calamities that happened "
+"to it. Ultimately it was wiped out. Ultimately, the PDP-10 computer which "
+"we used for all our work was discontinued. And you know, our system — "
+"the Incompatible Timesharing System — was written starting in the "
+"'60's, so it was written in assembler language. That's what you used to "
+"write an operating system in the '60's. So, of course, assembler language "
+"is for one particular computer architecture; if that gets discontinued, all "
+"your work turns into dust — it's useless. And that's what happened to "
+"us. The 20 years or so of work of our community turned into dust."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"But before this happened, I had an experience that prepared me, helped me "
+"see what to do, helped prepare me to see what to do when this happened, "
+"because at certain point, Xerox gave the Artificial Intelligence Lab, where "
+"I worked, a laser printer, and this was a really handsome gift, because it "
+"was the first time anybody outside Xerox had a laser printer. It was very "
+"fast, printed a page a second, very fine in many respects, but it was "
+"unreliable, because it was really a high-speed office copier that had been "
+"modified into a printer. And, you know, copiers jam, but there's somebody "
+"there to fix them. The printer jammed and nobody saw. So it stayed jammed "
+"for a long time."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Well, we had an idea for how to deal with this problem. Change it so that "
+"whenever the printer gets a jam, the machine that runs the printer can tell "
+"our timesharing machine, and tell the users who are waiting for printouts, "
+"or something like that, you know, tell them, go fix the printer. Because if "
+"they only knew it was jammed, of course, if you're waiting for a printout "
+"and you know that the printer is jammed, you don't want to sit and wait "
+"forever, you're going to go fix it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"But at that point, we were completely stymied, because the software that ran "
+"that printer was not free software. It had come with the printer, and it "
+"was just a binary. We couldn't have the source code; Xerox wouldn't let us "
+"have the source code. So, despite our skill as programmers — after "
+"all, we had written our own timesharing system — we were completely "
+"helpless to add this feature to the printer software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"And we just had to suffer with waiting. It would take an hour or two to get "
+"your printout because the machine would be jammed most of the time. And "
+"only once in a while — you'd wait an hour figuring “I know it's "
+"going to be jammed. I'll wait an hour and go collect my printout,” and "
+"then you'd see that it had been jammed the whole time, and in fact, nobody "
+"else had fixed it. So you'd fix it and you'd go wait another half hour. "
+"Then, you'd come back, and you'd see it jammed again — before it got "
+"to your output. It would print three minutes and be jammed thirty minutes. "
+"Frustration up the whazzoo. But the thing that made it worse was knowing "
+"that we could have fixed it, but somebody else, for his own selfishness, was "
+"blocking us, obstructing us from improving the software. So, of course, we "
+"felt some resentment."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"And then I heard that somebody at Carnegie Mellon University had a copy of "
+"that software. So I was visiting there later, so I went to his office and I "
+"said, “Hi, I'm from MIT. Could I have a copy of the printer source "
+"code?” And he said “No, I promised not to give you a "
+"copy.” <i>[Laughter]</i> I was stunned. I was so — I was angry, "
+"and I had no idea how I could do justice to it. All I could think of was to "
+"turn around on my heel and walk out of his room. Maybe I slammed the door. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> And I thought about it later on, because I realized that I "
+"was seeing not just an isolated jerk, but a social phenomenon that was "
+"important and affected a lot of people."
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+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"This was — for me — I was lucky, I only got a taste of it, but "
+"other people had to live in this all the time. So I thought about it at "
+"length. See, he had promised to refuse to cooperate with us — his "
+"colleagues at MIT. He had betrayed us. But he didn't just do it to us. "
+"Chances are he did it to you too. <i>[Pointing at member of audience.]</i> "
+"And I think, mostly likely, he did it to you too. <i>[Pointing at another "
+"member of audience.] [Laughter]</i> And he probably did it to you as well. "
+"<i>[Pointing to third member of audience.]</i> He probably did it to most of "
+"the people here in this room — except a few, maybe, who weren't born "
+"yet in 1980. Because he had promised to refuse to cooperate with just about "
+"the entire population of the Planet Earth. He had signed a non-disclosure "
+"agreement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, this was my first, direct encounter with a non-disclosure agreement, "
+"and it taught me an important lesson — a lesson that's important "
+"because most programmers never learn it. You see, this was my first "
+"encounter with a non-disclosure agreement, and I was the victim. I, and my "
+"whole lab, were the victims. And the lesson it taught me was that "
+"non-disclosure agreements have victims. They're not innocent. They're not "
+"harmless. Most programmers first encounter a non-disclosure agreement when "
+"they're invited to sign one. And there's always some temptation — "
+"some goody they're going to get if they sign. So, they make up excuses. "
+"They say, “Well, he's never going to get a copy no matter what, so why "
+"shouldn't I join the conspiracy to deprive him?” They say, “This "
+"is the way it's always done. Who am I to go against it?” They say, "
+"“If I don't sign this, someone else will.” Various excuses to "
+"gag their consciences."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"But when somebody invited me to sign a non-disclosure agreement, my "
+"conscience was already sensitized. It remembered how angry I had been, when "
+"somebody promised not to help me and my whole lab solve our problem. And I "
+"couldn't turn around and do the exact same thing to somebody else who had "
+"never done me any harm. You know, if somebody asked me to promise not to "
+"share some useful information with a hated enemy, I would have said yes. "
+"You know? If somebody's done something bad, he deserves it. But, strangers "
+"— they haven't done me any harm. How could they deserve that kind of "
+"mistreatment? You can't let yourself start treating just anybody and "
+"everybody badly. Then you become a predator on society. So I said, "
+"“Thank you very much for offering me this nice software package. But "
+"I can't accept it in good conscience, on the conditions you are demanding, "
+"so I will do without it. Thank you so much.” And so, I have never "
+"knowingly signed a non-disclosure agreement for generally useful technical "
+"information such as software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now there are other kinds of information which raise different ethical "
+"issues. For instance, there's personal information. You know, if you "
+"wanted to talk with me about what was happening between you and your "
+"boyfriend, and you asked me not to tell anybody — you know, I could "
+"keep — I could agree to keep that a secret for you, because that's not "
+"generally useful technical information. At least, it's probably not "
+"generally useful. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
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+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"There is a small chance — and it's a possibility though — that "
+"you might reveal to me some marvelous new sex technique, <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"and I would then feel a moral duty <i>[Laughter]</i> to pass it onto the "
+"rest of humanity, so that everyone could get the benefit of it. So, I'd "
+"have to put a proviso in that promise, you know? If it's just details about "
+"who wants this, and who's angry at whom, and things like that — soap "
+"opera — that I can keep private for you, but something that humanity "
+"could tremendously benefit from knowing, I mustn't withhold. You see, the "
+"purpose of science and technology is to develop useful information for "
+"humanity to help people live their lives better. If we promise to withhold "
+"that information — if we keep it secret — then we are betraying "
+"the mission of our field. And this, I decided I shouldn't do."
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+
+# type: Content of: <p>
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+"But, meanwhile my community had collapsed, and that was collapsing, and that "
+"left me in a bad situation. You see, the whole Incompatible Timesharing "
+"System was obsolete, because the PDP-10 was obsolete, and so there was no "
+"way that I could continue working as an operating system developer the way "
+"that I had been doing it. That depended on being part of the community "
+"using the community software and improving it. That no longer was a "
+"possibility, and that gave me a moral dilemma. What was I going to do? "
+"Because the most obvious possibility meant to go against that decision I had "
+"made. The most obvious possibility was to adapt myself to the change in the "
+"world. To accept that things were different, and that I'd just have to give "
+"up those principles and start signing non-disclosure agreements for "
+"proprietary operating systems, and most likely writing proprietary software "
+"as well. But I realized that that way I could have fun coding, and I could "
+"make money — especially if I did it other than at MIT — but at "
+"the end, I'd have to look back at my career and say, “I've spent my "
+"life building walls to divide people,” and I would have been ashamed "
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+
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+"So I looked for another alternative, and there was an obvious one. I could "
+"leave the software field and do something else. Now I had no other special "
+"noteworthy skills, but I'm sure I could have become a waiter. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Not at a fancy restaurant; they wouldn't hire me, "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> but I could be a waiter somewhere. And many programmers, "
+"they say to me, “The people who hire programmers demand this, this and "
+"this. If I don't do those things, I'll starve.” It's literally the "
+"word they use. Well, you know, as a waiter, you're not going to starve. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> So, really, they're in no danger. But — and this is "
+"important, you see — because sometimes you can justify doing something "
+"that hurts other people by saying otherwise something worse is going to "
+"happen to me. You know, if you were <em>really</em> going to starve, you'd "
+"be justified in writing proprietary software. <i>[Laughter]</i> If "
+"somebody's pointing a gun at you, then I would say, it's forgivable. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> But, I had found a way that I could survive without doing "
+"something unethical, so that excuse was not available. So I realized, "
+"though, that being a waiter would be no fun for me, and it would be wasting "
+"my skills as an operating system developer. It would avoid misusing my "
+"skills. Developing proprietary software would be misusing my skills. "
+"Encouraging other people to live in the world of proprietary software would "
+"be misusing my skills. So it's better to waste them than misuse them, but "
+"it's still not really good."
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+
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+"So for those reasons, I decided to look for some other alternative. What "
+"can an operating system developer do that would actually improve the "
+"situation, make the world a better place? And I realized that an operating "
+"system developer was exactly what was needed. The problem, the dilemma, "
+"existed for me and for everyone else because all of the available operating "
+"systems for modern computers were proprietary. The free operating systems "
+"were for old, obsolete computers, right? So for the modern computers — "
+"if you wanted to get a modern computer and use it, you were forced into a "
+"proprietary operating system. So if an operating system developer wrote "
+"another operating system, and then said, “Everybody come and share "
+"this; you're welcome to this” — that would give everybody a way "
+"out of the dilemma, another alternative. So I realized that there was "
+"something I could do that would solve the problem. I had just the right "
+"skills to be able to do it. And it was the most useful thing I could "
+"possibly imagine that I'd be able to do with my life. And it was a problem "
+"that no one else was trying to solve. It was just sort of sitting there, "
+"getting worse, and nobody was there but me. So I felt, “I'm elected. "
+"I have to work on this. If not me, who?” So I decided I would develop "
+"a free operating system, or die trying … of old age, of course. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
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+
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+"So, of course I had to decide what kind of operating system it should be. "
+"There are some technical design decisions to be made. I decided to make the "
+"system compatible with Unix for a number of reasons. First of all, I had "
+"just seen one operating system that I really loved become obsolete because "
+"it was written for one particular kind of computer. I didn't want that to "
+"happen again. We needed to have a portable system. Well, Unix was a "
+"portable system. So if I followed the design of Unix, I had a pretty good "
+"chance that I could make a system that would also be portable and workable. "
+"And furthermore, why <i>[Tape unclear]</i> be compatible with it in the "
+"details. The reason is, users hate incompatible changes. If I had just "
+"designed the system in my favorite way — which I would have loved "
+"doing, I'm sure — I would have produced something that was "
+"incompatible. You know, the details would be different. So, if I wrote the "
+"system, then the users would have said to me, “Well, this is very "
+"nice, but it's incompatible. It will be too much work to switch. We can't "
+"afford that much trouble just to use your system instead of Unix, so we'll "
+"stay with Unix,” they would have said."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, if I wanted to actually create a community where there would be people "
+"in it, people using this free system, and enjoying the benefits of liberty "
+"and cooperation, I had to make a system people would use, a system that they "
+"would find easy to switch to, that would not have an obstacle making it fail "
+"at the very beginning. Now, making the system upward compatible with Unix "
+"actually made all the immediate design decisions, because Unix consists of "
+"many pieces, and they communicate through interfaces that are more or less "
+"documented. So if you want to be compatible with Unix, you have to replace "
+"each piece, one by one, with a compatible piece. So the remaining design "
+"decisions are inside one piece, and they could be made later by whoever "
+"decides to write that piece. They didn't have to be made at the outset."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So all we had to do to start work was find a name for the system. Now, we "
+"hackers always look for a funny or naughty name for a program, because "
+"thinking of people being amused by the name is half the fun of writing the "
+"program. <i>[Laughter]</i> And we had a tradition of recursive acronyms, to "
+"say that the program that you're writing is similar to some existing "
+"program. You can give it a recursive acronym name which says: this one's not "
+"the other. So, for instance, there were many Tico text editors in the '60's "
+"and '70's, and they were generally called something-or-other Tico. Then one "
+"clever hacker called his Tint, for Tint Is Not Tico — the first "
+"recursive acronym. In 1975, I developed the first Emacs text editor, and "
+"there were many imitations of Emacs, and a lot of them were called "
+"something-or-other Emacs, but one was called Fine, for Fine Is Not Emacs, "
+"and there was Sine, for Sine Is Not Emacs, and Eine for Ina Is Not Emacs, "
+"and MINCE for Mince Is Not Complete Emacs. <i>[Laughter]</i> That was a "
+"stripped down imitation. And then, Eine was almost completely rewritten, "
+"and the new version was called Zwei, for Zwei Was Eine Initially. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I looked for a recursive acronym for Something is not Unix. And I tried "
+"all 26 letters, and discovered that none of them was a word. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Hmm, try another way. I made a contraction. That way I "
+"could have a three-letter acronym, for Something's not Unix. And I tried "
+"letters, and I came across the word “GNU” — the word "
+"“GNU” is the funniest word in the English language. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> That was it. Of course, the reason it's funny is that "
+"according to the dictionary, it's pronounced “new”. You see? "
+"And so that's why people use it for a lot of wordplay. Let me tell you, "
+"this is the name of an animal that lives in Africa. And the African "
+"pronunciation had a click sound in it. <i>[Laughter]</i> Maybe still does. "
+"And so, the European colonists, when they got there, they didn't bother "
+"learning to say this click sound. So they just left it out, and they wrote "
+"a “G” which meant “there's another sound that's supposed "
+"to be here which we are not pronouncing.” <i>[Laughter]</i> So, "
+"tonight I'm leaving for South Africa, and I have begged them, I hope they're "
+"going to find somebody who can teach me to pronounce click sounds, "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> so that I'll know how to pronounce GNU the correct way, "
+"when it's the animal."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, when it's the name of our system, the correct pronunciation is "
+"“guh-NEW” — pronounce the hard “G”. If you "
+"talk about the “new” operating system, you'll get people very "
+"confused, because we've been working on it for 17 years now, so it is not "
+"new any more. <i>[Laughter]</i> But it still is, and always will be, GNU "
+"— no matter how many people call it Linux by mistake. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in January 1984, I quit my job at MIT to start writing pieces of GNU. "
+"They were nice enough to let me keep using their facilities though. And, at "
+"the time, I thought we would write all these pieces, and make an entire GNU "
+"system, and then we'd say, “Come and get it”, and people would "
+"start to use it. That's not what happened. The first pieces I wrote were "
+"just equally good replacements, with fewer bugs for some pieces of Unix, but "
+"they weren't tremendously exciting. Nobody particularly wanted to get them "
+"and install them. But then, in September 1984, I started writing GNU Emacs, "
+"which was my second implementation of Emacs, and by early 1985, it was "
+"working. I could use it for all my editing, which was a big relief, because "
+"I had no intention of learning to use VI, the Unix editor. <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"So, until that time, I did my editing on some other machine, and saved the "
+"files through the network, so that I could test them. But when GNU Emacs "
+"was running well enough for me to use it, it was also — other people "
+"wanted to use it too."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I had to work out the details of distribution. Of course, I put a copy "
+"in the anonymous FTP directory, and that was fine for people who were on the "
+"net They could then just pull over a tar file, but a lot of programmers then "
+"even were not on the net in 1985. They were sending me emails saying "
+"“How can I get a copy?” I had to decide what I would answer "
+"them. Well, I could have said, I want to spend my time writing more GNU "
+"software, not writing tapes, so please find a friend who's on the internet "
+"and who is willing to download it and put it on a tape for you. And I'm "
+"sure people would have found some friends, sooner or later, you know. They "
+"would have got copies. But I had no job. In fact, I've never had a job "
+"since quitting MIT in January 1984. So, I was looking for some way I could "
+"make money through my work on free software, and therefore I started a free "
+"software business. I announced, “Send me $150 dollars, and I'll mail "
+"you a tape of Emacs.” And the orders began dribbling in. By the "
+"middle of the year they were trickling in."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I was getting 8 to 10 orders a month. And, if necessary, I could have lived "
+"on just that, because I've always lived cheaply. I live like a student, "
+"basically. And I like that, because it means that money is not telling me "
+"what to do. I can do what I think is important for me to do. It freed me "
+"to do what seemed worth doing. So make a real effort to avoid getting "
+"sucked into all the expensive lifestyle habits of typical Americans. "
+"Because if you do that, then people with the money will dictate what you do "
+"with your life. You won't be able to do what's really important to you."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, that was fine, but people used to ask me, “What do you mean it's "
+"free software if it costs $150 dollars?” <i>[Laughter]</i> Well, the "
+"reason they asked this was that they were confused by the multiple meanings "
+"of the English word “free”. One meaning refers to price, and "
+"another meaning refers to freedom. When I speak of free software, I'm "
+"referring to freedom, not price. So think of free speech, not free beer. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Now, I wouldn't have dedicated so many years of my life to "
+"making sure programmers got less money. That's not my goal. I'm a "
+"programmer and I don't mind getting money myself. I won't dedicate my whole "
+"life to getting it, but I don't mind getting it. And I'm not — and "
+"therefore, ethics is the same for everyone. I'm not against some other "
+"programmer getting money either. I don't want prices to be low. That's not "
+"the issue at all. The issue is freedom. Freedom for everyone who's using "
+"software, whether that person be a programmer or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So at this point I should give you the definition of free software. I "
+"better get to some real details, you see, because just saying “I "
+"believe in freedom” is vacuous. There's so many different freedoms "
+"you could believe in, and they conflict with each other, so the real "
+"political question is: Which are the important freedoms, the freedoms that "
+"we must make sure everybody has?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And now, I will give my answer to that question for the particular area of "
+"using software. A program is free software for you, a particular user, if "
+"you have the following freedoms:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"First, Freedom Zero is the freedom to run the program for any purpose, any "
+"way you like."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself by changing the program to suit "
+"your needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"And Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your community by publishing "
+"an improved version so others can get the benefit of your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software, for you "
+"— and that's crucial. That's why I phrase it that way. I'll explain "
+"why later, when I talk about the GNU General Public License, but right now "
+"I'm explaining what free software means, which is a more basic question."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, Freedom Zero's pretty obvious. If you're not even allowed to run the "
+"program anyway you like, it is a pretty damn restrictive program. But as it "
+"happens, most programs will at least give you Freedom Zero. And Freedom "
+"Zero follows, legally, as a consequence of Freedoms One, Two, and Three "
+"— that's the way that copyright law works. So the freedoms that "
+"distinguish free software from typical software are Freedoms One, Two, and "
+"Three, so I'll say more about them and why they are important."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself by changing the software to suit "
+"your needs. This could mean fixing bugs. It could mean adding new "
+"features. It could mean porting it to a different computer system. It "
+"could mean translating all the error messages into Navajo. Any change you "
+"want to make, you should be free to make."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, it's obvious that professional programmers can make use of this freedom "
+"very effectively, but not just them. Anybody of reasonable intelligence can "
+"learn a little programming. You know, there are hard jobs, and there are "
+"easy jobs, and most people are not going to learn enough to do hard jobs. "
+"But lots of people can learn enough to do easy jobs, just the way, you know, "
+"50 years ago, lots and lots of American men learned to repair cars, which is "
+"what enabled the U.S. to have a motorized army in World War II and win. So, "
+"very important, having lots of people tinkering."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And if you are a people person, and you really don't want to learn "
+"technology at all, that probably means that you have a lot of friends, and "
+"you're good at getting them to owe you favors. <i>[Laughter]</i> Some of "
+"them are probably programmers. So you can ask one of your programmer "
+"friends. “Would you please change this for me? Add this "
+"feature?” So, lots of people can benefit from it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, if you don't have this freedom, it causes practical, material harm to "
+"society. It makes you a prisoner of your software. I explained what that "
+"was like with regard to the laser printer. You know, it worked badly for "
+"us, and we couldn't fix it, because we were prisoners of our software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But it also affects people's morale. You know if the computer is constantly "
+"frustrating to use, and people are using it, their lives are going to be "
+"frustrating, and if they're using it in their jobs, their jobs are going to "
+"be frustrating; they're going to hate their jobs. And you know, people "
+"protect themselves from frustration by deciding not to care. So you end up "
+"with people whose attitude is, “Well, I showed up for work today. "
+"That's all I have to do. If I can't make progress, that's not my problem; "
+"that's the boss's problem.” And when this happens, it's bad for those "
+"people, and it's bad for society as a whole. That's Freedom One, the "
+"freedom to help yourself."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by distributing copies of "
+"the program. Now, for beings that can think and learn, sharing useful "
+"knowledge is a fundamental act of friendship. When these beings use "
+"computers, this act of friendship takes the form of sharing software. "
+"Friends share with each other. Friends help each other. This is the nature "
+"of friendship. And, in fact, this spirit of goodwill — the spirit of "
+"helping your neighbor, voluntarily — is society's most important "
+"resource. It makes the difference between a livable society and a "
+"dog-eat-dog jungle. Its importance has been recognized by the world's major "
+"religions for thousands of years, and they explicitly try to encourage this "
+"attitude."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I was going to kindergarten, the teachers were trying to teach us this "
+"attitude — the spirit of sharing — by having us do it. They "
+"figured if we did it, we'd learn. So they said, “If you bring candy "
+"to school, you can't keep it all for yourself; you have to share some with "
+"the other kids.” Teaching us, the society was set up to teach, this "
+"spirit of cooperation. And why do you have to do that? Because people are "
+"not totally cooperative. That's one part of human nature, and there are "
+"other parts of human nature. There are lots of parts of human nature. So, "
+"if you want a better society, you've got to work to encourage the spirit of "
+"sharing. You know, it'll never get to be 100%. That's understandable. "
+"People have to take care of themselves too. But if we make it somewhat "
+"bigger, we're all better off."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays, according to the U.S. Government, teachers are supposed to do the "
+"exact opposite. “Oh, Johnny, you brought software to school. Well, "
+"don't share it. Oh no. Sharing is wrong. Sharing means you're a "
+"pirate.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What do they mean when they say “pirate”? They're saying that "
+"helping your neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What would Buddha or Jesus say about that? Now, take your favorite religious "
+"leader. I don't know, maybe Manson would have said something different. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Who knows what L. Ron Hubbard would say? But …"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#:
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Of course, he's dead. But they don't admit "
+"that. What?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So are the others, also dead. <i>[Laughter] "
+"[Inaudible]</i> Charles Manson's also dead. <i>[Laughter]</i> They're dead, "
+"Jesus's dead, Buddha's dead…"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, that's true. <i>[Laughter]</i> So I guess, "
+"in that regard, L. Ron Hubbard is no worse than the others. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Anyway — <i>[Inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: L. Ron always used free software — it freed "
+"him from Zanu. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Anyway, so, I think this is actually the most "
+"important reason why software should be free: We can't afford to pollute "
+"society's most important resource. It's true that it's not a physical "
+"resource like clean air and clean water. It's a psycho-social resource, but "
+"it's just as real for all that, and it makes a tremendous difference to our "
+"lives. You see, the actions we take influence the thoughts of other "
+"people. When we go around telling people, “Don't share with each "
+"other”, if they listen to us, we've had an effect on society, and it's "
+"not a good one. That's Freedom Two, the freedom to help your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Oh, and by the way, if you don't have that freedom, it doesn't just cause "
+"this harm to society's psycho-social resource, it also causes waste — "
+"practical, material harm. If the program has an owner, and the owner "
+"arranges a state of affairs where each user has to pay in order to be able "
+"to use it, some people are going to say, “Never mind, I'll do without "
+"it.” And that's waste, deliberately inflicted waste. And the "
+"interesting thing about software, of course, is that fewer users doesn't "
+"mean you have to make less stuff. You know, if fewer people buy cars, you "
+"can make fewer cars. There's a saving there. There are resources to be "
+"allocated, or not allocated, into making cars. So that you can say that "
+"having a price on a car is a good thing. It prevents people from diverting "
+"lots of wasted resources into making cars that aren't really needed. But if "
+"each additional car used no resources, it wouldn't be doing any good saving "
+"the making of these cars. Well, for physical objects, of course, like cars, "
+"it is always going to take resources to make an additional one of them, each "
+"additional exemplar."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But for software that's not true. Anybody can make another copy. And it's "
+"almost trivial to do it. It takes no resources, except a tiny bit of "
+"electricity. So there's nothing we can save, no resource we're going to "
+"allocate better by putting this financial disincentive on the use of the "
+"software. You often find people taking economic, the consequences of "
+"economic reasoning, based on premises that don't apply to software, and "
+"trying to transplant them from other areas of life where the premises may "
+"apply, and the conclusions may be valid. They just take the conclusions and "
+"assume that they're valid for software too, when the argument is based on "
+"nothing, in the case of software. The premises don't work in that case. It "
+"is very important to examine how you reach the conclusion, and what premises "
+"it depends on, to see where it might be valid. So, that's Freedom Two, the "
+"freedom to help your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your community by publishing an "
+"improved version of the software. People used to say to me, “If the "
+"software's free, then nobody will get paid to work on it, so why should "
+"anybody work on it?” Well, of course, they were confusing the two "
+"meanings of free, so their reasoning was based on a misunderstanding. But, "
+"in any case, that was their theory. Today, we can compare that theory with "
+"empirical fact, and we find that hundreds of people are being paid to write "
+"free software, and over 100,000 are doing it as volunteers. We get lots of "
+"people working on free software, for various different motives."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I first released GNU Emacs — the first piece of the GNU system "
+"that people actually wanted to use — and when it started having users, "
+"after a while, I got a message saying, “I think I saw a bug in the "
+"source code, and here's a fix.” And I got another message, "
+"“Here's code to add a new feature.” And another bug fix. And "
+"another new feature. And another, and another, and another, until they were "
+"pouring in on me so fast that just making use of all this help I was getting "
+"was a big job. Microsoft doesn't have this problem. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Eventually, people noted this phenomenon. You see, in the 1980's a lot of "
+"us thought that maybe free software wouldn't be as good as the non-free "
+"software, because we wouldn't have as much money to pay people. And, of "
+"course, people like me, who value freedom and community said, “Well, "
+"we'll use the free software anyway.” It's worth making a little "
+"sacrifice in some mere technical convenience to have freedom. But what "
+"people began to note, around 1990 was that our software was actually "
+"better. It was more powerful, and more reliable, than the proprietary "
+"alternatives."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the early '90's, somebody found a way to do a scientific measurement of "
+"reliability of software. Here's what he did. He took several sets of "
+"comparable programs that did the same jobs — the exact same jobs "
+"— in different systems. Because there were certain basic Unix-like "
+"utilities. And the jobs that they did, we know, was all, more or less, "
+"imitating the same thing, or they were following the POSIX spec, so they "
+"were all the same in terms of what jobs they did, but they were maintained "
+"by different people, written separately. The code was different. So they "
+"said, OK, we'll take these programs and run them with random data, and "
+"measure how often they crash, or hang. So they measured it, and the most "
+"reliable set of programs was the GNU programs. All the commercial "
+"alternatives which were proprietary software were less reliable. So he "
+"published this and he told all the developers, and a few years later, he did "
+"the same experiment with the newest versions, and he got the same result. "
+"The GNU versions were the most reliable. People — you know there are "
+"cancer clinics and 911 operations that use the GNU system, because it's so "
+"reliable, and reliability is very important to them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, there's even a group of people who focus on this particular benefit "
+"as the reason they give, the main reason they give, why users should be "
+"permitted to do these various things, and to have these freedoms. If you've "
+"been listening to me, you've noticed, you've seen that I, speaking for the "
+"free software movement, I talk about issues of ethics, and what kind of a "
+"society we want to live in, what makes for a good society, as well as "
+"practical, material benefits. They're both important. That's the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That other group of people — which is called the open source movement "
+"— they only cite the practical benefits. They deny that this is an "
+"issue of principle. They deny that people are entitled to the freedom to "
+"share with their neighbor and to see what the program's doing and change it "
+"if they don't like it. They say, however, that it's a useful thing to let "
+"people do that. So they go to companies and say to them, “You know, "
+"you might make more money if you let people do this.” So, what you can "
+"see is that to some extent, they lead people in a similar direction, but for "
+"totally different, for fundamentally different, philosophical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because on the deepest issue of all, you know, on the ethical question, the "
+"two movements disagree. You know, in the free software movement we say, "
+"“You're entitled to these freedoms. People shouldn't stop you from "
+"doing these things.” In the open source movement, they say, "
+"“Yes, they can stop you if you want, but we'll try to convince them to "
+"deign to let you to do these things.” Well, they have contributed "
+"— they have convinced a certain number of businesses to release "
+"substantial pieces of software as free software in our community. So they, "
+"the open source movement, has contributed substantially to our community. "
+"And so we work together on practical projects. But, philosophically, "
+"there's a tremendous disagreement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, the open source movement is the one that gets the support of "
+"business the most, and so most articles about our work describe it as open "
+"source, and a lot of people just innocently think that we're all part of the "
+"open source movement. So that's why I'm mentioning this distinction. I "
+"want you to be aware that the free software movement, which brought our "
+"community into existence and developed the free operating system, is still "
+"here — and that we still stand for this ethical philosophy. I want "
+"you to know about this, so that you won't mislead someone else unknowingly."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "But also, so that you can think about where you stand."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, which movement you support is up to you. You might agree with the "
+"free software movements and my views. You might agree with the open source "
+"movement. You might disagree with them both. You decide where you stand on "
+"these political issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But if you agree with the free software movement — if you see that "
+"there's an issue here that the people whose lives are controlled and "
+"directed by this decision deserve a say in it — then I hope you'll say "
+"that you agree with the free software movement, and one way you can do that "
+"is by using the term free software and just helping people know we exist."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, Freedom Three is very important both practically and psycho-socially. "
+"If you don't have this freedom, it causes practical material harm, because "
+"this community development doesn't happen, and we don't make powerful, "
+"reliable software. But it also causes psycho-social harm, which affects the "
+"spirit of scientific cooperation — the idea that we're working "
+"together to advance human knowledge. You see, progress in science crucially "
+"depends on people being able to work together. And nowadays though, you "
+"often find each little group of scientists acting like it's a war with each "
+"other gang of scientists and engineers. And if they don't share with each "
+"other, they're all held back."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, those are the three freedoms that distinguish free software from typical "
+"software. Freedom One is the freedom to help yourself, making changes to "
+"suit your own needs. Freedom Two is the freedom to help your neighbor by "
+"distributing copies. And Freedom Three is the freedom to help build your "
+"community by making changes and publishing them for other people to use. If "
+"you have all of these freedoms, the program is free software for you. Now, "
+"why do I define it that way in terms of a particular user? Is it free "
+"software for you? <i>[Pointing at member of audience.]</i> Is it free "
+"software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Is it "
+"free software for you? <i>[Pointing at another member of audience.]</i> Yes?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you explain a bit about the difference "
+"between Freedom Two and Three? <i>[inaudible]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, they certainly relate, because if you don't "
+"have freedom to redistribute at all, you certainly don't have freedom to "
+"distribute a modified version, but they're different activities."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Oh."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Freedom Two is, you know, read it, you make an "
+"exact copy, and hand it to your friends, so now your friend can use it. Or "
+"maybe you make exact copies and you sell them to a bunch of people, and then "
+"they can use it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom Three is where you make improvements — or at least you think "
+"they're improvements, and some other people may agree with you. So that's "
+"the difference. Oh, and by the way, one crucial point. Freedoms One and "
+"Three depend on your having access to the source code. Because changing a "
+"binary-only program is extremely hard. <i>[Laughter]</i> Even trivial "
+"changes like using four digits for the date, <i>[Laughter]</i> if you don't "
+"have source. So, for compelling, practical reasons, access to the source "
+"code is a precondition, a requirement, for free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, why do I define it in terms of whether it's free software for "
+"<em>you</em>? The reason is that sometimes the same program can be free "
+"software for some people, and non-free for others. Now, that might seem "
+"like a paradoxical situation, so let me give you an example to show you how "
+"it happens. A very big example — maybe the biggest ever — of "
+"this problem was the X Window System which was developed at MIT and released "
+"under a license that made it free software. If you got the MIT version with "
+"the MIT license, you had Freedoms One, Two, and Three. It was free software "
+"for you. But among those who got copies were various computer manufacturers "
+"that distributed Unix systems, and they made the necessary changes in X to "
+"run on their systems. You know, probably just a few thousand lines out of "
+"the hundreds of thousands of lines of X. And, then they compiled it, and "
+"they put the binaries into their Unix system and distributed it under the "
+"same non-disclosure agreement as the rest of the Unix system. And then, "
+"millions of people got these copies. They had the X Window System, but they "
+"had none of these freedoms. It was not free software for <em>them</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the paradox was that whether X was free software depended on where you "
+"made the measurement. If you made the measurement coming out of the "
+"developers' group, you'd say, “I observe all these freedoms. It's "
+"free software.” If you made the measurements among the users you'd "
+"say, “Hmm, most users don't have these freedoms. It's not free "
+"software.” Well, the people who developed X didn't consider this a "
+"problem, because their goal was just popularity, ego, essentially. They "
+"wanted a big professional success. They wanted to feel, “Ah, lots of "
+"people are using our software.” And that was true. Lots of people "
+"were using their software but didn't have freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, in the GNU project, if that same thing had happened to GNU software, "
+"it would have been a failure, because our goal wasn't just to be popular; "
+"our goal was to give people liberty, and to encourage cooperation, to permit "
+"people to cooperate. Remember, never force anyone to cooperate with any "
+"other person, but make sure that everybody's allowed to cooperate, everyone "
+"has the freedom to do so, if he or she wishes. If millions of people were "
+"running non-free versions of GNU, that wouldn't be success at all. The whole "
+"thing would have been perverted into nothing like the goal."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, I looked for a way to stop that from happening. The method I came up "
+"with is called “copyleft”. It's called copyleft because it's "
+"sort of like taking copyright and flipping it over. <i>[Laughter]</i> "
+"Legally, copyleft works based on copyright. We use the existing copyright "
+"law, but we use it to achieve a very different goal. Here's what we do. We "
+"say, “This program is copyrighted.” And, of course, by default, "
+"that means it's prohibited to copy it, or distribute it, or modify it. But "
+"then we say, “You're authorized to distribute copies of this. You're "
+"authorized to modify it. You're authorized to distribute modified versions "
+"and extended versions. Change it any way you like.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But there is a condition. And the condition, of course, is the reason why "
+"we go to all this trouble, so that we could put the condition in. The "
+"condition says: Whenever you distribute anything that contains any piece of "
+"this program, that whole program must be distributed under these same terms, "
+"no more and no less. So you can change the program and distribute a "
+"modified version, but when you do, the people who get that from you must get "
+"the same freedom that you got from us. And not just for the parts of it "
+"— the excerpts that you copied from our program — but also for "
+"the other parts of that program that they got from you. The whole of that "
+"program has to be free software for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The freedoms to change and redistribute this program become inalienable "
+"rights — a concept from the Declaration of Independence. Rights that "
+"we make sure can't be taken away from you. And, of course, the specific "
+"license that embodies the idea of copyleft is the GNU General Public "
+"License, a controversial license because it actually has the strength to say "
+"no to people who would be parasites on our community."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are lots of people who don't appreciate the ideals of freedom. And "
+"they'd be very glad to take the work that we have done, and use it to get a "
+"head start in distributing a non-free program and tempting people to give up "
+"their freedom. And the result would be — you know, if we let people "
+"do that — that we would be developing these free programs, and we'd "
+"constantly have to compete with improved versions of our own programs. "
+"That's no fun."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, a lot of people also feel — you know, I'm willing to volunteer my "
+"time to contribute to the community, but why should I volunteer my time to "
+"contribute to that company's, to improving that company's, proprietary "
+"program? You know, some people might not even think that that's evil, but "
+"they want to get paid if they're going to do that. I, personally, would "
+"rather not do it at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But both of these groups of people — both the ones like me who say, "
+"“I don't want to help that non-free program to get a foothold in our "
+"community” and the ones that say, “Sure, I'd work for them, but "
+"then they better pay me” — both of us have a good reason to use "
+"the GNU General Public License. Because that says to that company, "
+"“You can't just take my work, and distribute it without the "
+"freedom.” Whereas, the non-copyleft licenses, like the X Windows "
+"license, do permit that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So that is the big division between the two categories of free software "
+"— license-wise. There are the programs that are copylefted so that "
+"the license defends the freedom of the software for every user. And there "
+"are the non-copylefted programs for which non-free versions are allowed. "
+"Somebody <em>can</em> take those programs and strip off the freedom. You "
+"may get that program in a non-free version."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And that problem exists today. There are still non-free versions of X "
+"Windows being used on our free operating systems. There is even hardware "
+"— which is not really supported — except by a non-free version "
+"of X Windows. And that's a major problem in our community. Nonetheless, I "
+"wouldn't say that X Windows is a bad thing, you know. I'd say that the "
+"developers did not do the best possible thing that they could have done. "
+"But they <em>did</em> release a lot of software that we could all use."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, there's a big difference between less than perfect, and evil. "
+"There are many gradations of good and bad. We have to resist the temptation "
+"to say, if you didn't do the absolute best possible thing, then you're no "
+"good. You know, the people that developed X Windows made a big contribution "
+"to our community. But there's something better that they could have done. "
+"They could have copylefted parts of the program and prevented those "
+"freedom-denying versions from being distributed by others."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, the fact that the GNU General Public License defends your freedom, uses "
+"copyright law to defend your freedom, is, of course, why Microsoft is "
+"attacking it today. See, Microsoft would really like to be able to take all "
+"the code that we wrote and put it into proprietary programs, have somebody "
+"make some improvements, or even just incompatible changes is all they need. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You know, with Microsoft's marketing clout, they don't need to make it "
+"better to have their version supplant ours. They just have to make it "
+"different and incompatible. And then, put it on everybody's desktop. So "
+"they really don't like the GNU GPL. Because the GNU GPL won't let them do "
+"that. It doesn't allow “embrace and extend”. It says, if you "
+"want to share our code in your programs, you can. But, you've got to share "
+"and share alike. The changes that you make we have to be allowed to share. "
+"So, it's a two-way cooperation, which is real cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many companies — even big companies like IBM and HP are willing to use "
+"our software on this basis. IBM and HP contribute substantial improvements "
+"to GNU software. And they develop other free software. But, Microsoft "
+"doesn't want to do that, so they give it out that businesses just can't deal "
+"with the GPL. Well, if businesses don't include IBM, and HP and SUN, then "
+"maybe they're right. <i>[Laughter]</i> More about that later."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I should finish the historical story. You see, we set out in 1984 not just "
+"to write some free software but to do something much more coherent: to "
+"develop an operating system that was entirely free software. So that meant "
+"we had to write piece after piece after piece. Of course, we were always "
+"looking for shortcuts. The job was so big that people said we'd never be "
+"able to finish. And, I thought that there was at least a chance that we'd "
+"finish it but, obviously, it's worth looking for shortcuts. So we kept "
+"looking around. Is there any program that somebody else has written that we "
+"could manage to adapt, to plug into here, and that way we won't have to "
+"write it from scratch? For instance, the X Window system. It's true it "
+"wasn't copylefted, but it was free software, so we could use it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, I had wanted to put a window system into GNU from day one. I wrote a "
+"couple of window systems at MIT before I started GNU. And so, even though "
+"Unix had no window system in 1984, I decided that GNU would have one. But, "
+"we never ended up writing a GNU window system, because X came along. And I "
+"said, Goody! One big job we don't have to do. We'll use X. So I basically "
+"said, let's take X, and put it into the GNU system. And we'll make the "
+"other parts of GNU, you know, work with X, when appropriate. And we found "
+"other pieces of software that had been written by other people, like the "
+"text formatter TeX, some library code from Berkeley. At that time there was "
+"Berkeley Unix, but it was not free software. This library code, initially, "
+"was from a different group at Berkeley, that did research on floating "
+"point. And, so, we kept, we fit in these pieces."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In October 1985, we founded the Free Software Foundation. So please note, "
+"the GNU project came first. The Free Software Foundation came after, about "
+"almost two years after the announcement of the Project. And the Free "
+"Software Foundation is a tax-exempt charity that raises funds to promote the "
+"freedom to share and change software. And in the 1980's, one of the main "
+"things we did with our funds was to hire people to write parts of GNU. And "
+"essential programs, such as the shell and the C library were written this "
+"way, as well as parts of other programs. The <code>tar</code> program, "
+"which is absolutely essential, although not exciting at all "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> was written this way. I believe GNU grep was written this "
+"way. And so, we're approaching our goal."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By 1991, there was just one major piece missing, and that was the kernel. "
+"Now, why did I put off the kernel? Probably because it doesn't really matter "
+"what order you do the things in, at least technically it doesn't. You've "
+"got to do them all anyway. And partly because I'd hoped we'd be able to "
+"find a start at a kernel somewhere else. And we did. We found Mach, which "
+"had been developed at Carnegie Mellon. And it wasn't the whole kernel; it "
+"was the bottom half of the kernel. So we had to write the top half, but I "
+"figured, you know, things like the file system, the network code, and so "
+"on. But running on top of Mach they're running essentially as user "
+"programs, which ought to make them easier to debug. You can debug with a "
+"real source-level debugger running at the same time. And so, I thought that "
+"way we'd be able to get these, the higher level parts of the kernel, done in "
+"a short time. It didn't work out that way. These asynchronous, "
+"multi-threaded processes, sending messages to each other turned out to be "
+"very hard to debug. And the Mach-based system that we were using to "
+"bootstrap with had a terrible debugging environment, and it was unreliable, "
+"and various problems. It took us years and years to get the GNU kernel to "
+"work."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, fortunately, our community did not have to wait for the GNU kernel. "
+"Because in 1991, Linus Torvalds developed another free kernel called Linux. "
+"And he used the old-fashioned monolithic design and it turns out that he got "
+"his working much faster than we got ours working. So maybe that's one of "
+"the mistakes that I made: that design decision. Anyway, at first, we didn't "
+"know about Linux, because he never contacted us to talk about it. Although "
+"he did know about the GNU Project. But he announced it to other people and "
+"other places on the net. And so other people then did the work of combining "
+"Linux with the rest of the GNU system to make a complete free operating "
+"system. Essentially, to make the GNU plus Linux combination."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, they didn't realize that's what they were doing. You see, they said, "
+"We have a kernel — let's look around and see what other pieces we can "
+"find to put together with the kernel. So, they looked around — and lo "
+"and behold, everything they needed was already available. What good "
+"fortune, they said. <i>[Laughter]</i> It's all here. We can find "
+"everything we need. Let's just take all these different things and put it "
+"together, and have a system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They didn't know that most of what they found was pieces of the GNU system. "
+"So they didn't realize that they were fitting Linux into the gap in the GNU "
+"system. They thought they were taking Linux and making a system out of "
+"Linux. So they called it a Linux system."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Can't hear you — what?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, it's just not — you know, it's "
+"provincial."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: But it's more good fortune then finding X and "
+"Mach?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. The difference is that the people who "
+"developed X and Mach didn't have the goal of making a complete free "
+"operating system. We're the only ones who had that. And, it was our "
+"tremendous work that made the system exist. We actually did a larger part "
+"of the system than any other project. No coincidence, because those people "
+"— they wrote useful parts of the system. But they didn't do it "
+"because they wanted the system to be finished. They had other reasons."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the people who developed X — they thought that designing across "
+"the network window system would be a good project, and it was. And it "
+"turned out to help us make a good free operating system. But that's not "
+"what they hoped for. They didn't even think about that. It was an "
+"accident. An accidental benefit. Now, I'm not saying that what they did "
+"was bad. They did a large free software project. That's a good thing to "
+"do. But they didn't have that ultimate vision. The GNU Project is where "
+"that vision was."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, so, we were the ones whose — every little piece that didn't get "
+"done by somebody else, we did it. Because we knew that we wouldn't have a "
+"complete system without it. And even if it was totally boring and "
+"unromantic, like <code>tar</code> or <code>mv</code>. <i>[Laughter]</i> We "
+"did it. Or ld, you know there's nothing very exciting in <code>ld</code> "
+"— but I wrote one. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I did make efforts to have "
+"it do a minimal amount of disk I/O so that it would be faster and handle "
+"bigger programs. But, you know, I like to do a good job. I like to improve "
+"various things about the program while I'm doing it. But the reason that I "
+"did it wasn't that I had brilliant ideas for a better <code>ld</code>. The "
+"reason I did it is that we needed one that was free. And we couldn't expect "
+"anyone else to do it. So, we had to do it, or find someone to do it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, although at this point thousands of people in projects have contributed "
+"to this system, there is one project which is the reason that this system "
+"exists, and that's the GNU Project. It <em>is</em> basically the GNU "
+"System, with other things added since then."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, however, the practice of calling the system Linux has been a great blow "
+"to the GNU Project, because we don't normally get credit for what we've "
+"done. I think Linux, the kernel, is a very useful piece of free software, "
+"and I have only good things to say about it. But, well, actually, I can "
+"find a few bad things to say about it. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, basically, I "
+"have good things to say about it. However, the practice of calling the GNU "
+"system, Linux, is just a mistake. I'd like to ask you please to make the "
+"small effort necessary to call the system GNU/Linux, and that way to help us "
+"get a share of the credit."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You need a mascot! Get yourself a stuffed animal! "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have one."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You do?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We have an animal — a gnu. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Anyway. So, yes, when you draw a penguin, draw a gnu next "
+"to it. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, let's save the questions for the end. I have "
+"more to go through."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, why am I so concerned about this? You know, why do I think it is worth "
+"bothering you and perhaps giving you a, perhaps lowering your opinion of me, "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> to raise this issue of credit? Because, you know, some "
+"people when I do this, some people think that it's because I want my ego to "
+"be fed, right? Of course, I'm not saying — I'm not asking you to call "
+"it “Stallmanix,” right? <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'm asking you to call it GNU, because I want the GNU Project to get "
+"credit. And there's a very specific reason for that, which is a lot more "
+"important than anybody getting credit, in and of itself. You see, these "
+"days, if you look around in our community most of the people talking about "
+"it and writing about it don't ever mention GNU, and they don't ever mention "
+"these goals of freedom — these political and social ideals, either. "
+"Because the place they come from is GNU."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The ideas associated with Linux — the philosophy is very different. "
+"It is basically the apolitical philosophy of Linus Torvalds. So, when "
+"people think that the whole system is Linux, they tend to think: “Oh, "
+"it must have been all started by Linux Torvalds. His philosophy must be the "
+"one that we should look at carefully”. And when they hear about the "
+"GNU philosophy, they say: “Boy, this is so idealistic, this must be "
+"awfully impractical. I'm a Linux-user, not a GNU-user.” "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What irony! If they only knew! If they knew that the system they liked "
+"— or, in some cases, love and go wild over — is our idealistic, "
+"political philosophy made real."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They still wouldn't have to agree with us. But at least they'd see a reason "
+"to take it seriously, to think about it carefully, to give it a chance. "
+"They would see how it relates to their lives. You know, if they realized, "
+"“I'm using the GNU system. Here's the GNU philosophy. This philosophy "
+"is <em>why</em> this system that I like very much exists,” they'd at "
+"least consider it with a much more open mind. It doesn't mean that "
+"everybody will agree. People think different things. That's OK. You know, "
+"people should make up their own minds. But I want this philosophy to get "
+"the benefit of the credit for the results it has achieved."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you look around in our community, you'll find that almost everywhere, the "
+"institutions are calling the system Linux. You know, reporters mostly call "
+"it Linux. It's not right, but they do. The companies mostly say it that "
+"package the system. Oh, and most of these reporters, when they write "
+"articles, they usually don't look at it as a political issue, or social "
+"issue. They're usually looking at it purely as a business question or what "
+"companies are going to succeed more or less, which is really a fairly minor "
+"question for society. And, if you look at the companies that package the "
+"GNU/Linux system for people to use, well, most of them call it Linux. And "
+"they <em>all</em> add non-free software to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See, the GNU GPL says that if you take code, and some code out of a "
+"GPL-covered program, and add some more code to make a bigger program, that "
+"whole program has to be released under the GPL. But you could put other "
+"separate programs on the same disk (of either kind, hard disk, or CD), and "
+"they can have other licenses. That's considered mere aggregation, and, "
+"essentially, just distributing two programs to somebody at the same time is "
+"not something we have any say over. So, in fact, it is not true — "
+"sometimes, I wish it were true — that if a company uses a GPL-covered "
+"program in a product that the whole product has to be free software. It's "
+"not — it doesn't go to that range — that scope. It's the whole "
+"program. If there are two separate programs that communicate with each "
+"other at arm's length — like by sending messages to each other — "
+"then, they're legally separate, in general. So, these companies, by adding "
+"non-free software to the system, are giving the users, philosophically and "
+"politically, a very bad idea. They're telling the users, “It is OK to "
+"use non-free software. We're even putting it on this as a bonus.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you look at the magazines about the use of the GNU/Linux system, most of "
+"them have a title like “Linux-something or other”. So they're "
+"calling the system Linux most of the time. And they're filled with ads for "
+"non-free software that you could run on top of the GNU/Linux system. Now "
+"those ads have a common message. They say: Non-free Software Is Good For "
+"You. It's So Good That You Might Even <em>Pay</em> To Get It. "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And they call these things “value-added packages”, which makes a "
+"statement about their values. They're saying: Value practical convenience, "
+"not freedom. And, I don't agree with those values, so I call them "
+"“freedom-subtracted packages”. <i>[Laughter]</i> Because if you "
+"have installed a free operating system, then you now are living in the free "
+"world. You enjoy the benefits of liberty that we worked for so many years "
+"to give you. Those packages give you an opportunity to buckle on a chain."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And then if you look at the trade shows — about the use of the, "
+"dedicated to the use of, the GNU/Linux system, they all call themselves "
+"“Linux” shows. And they're filled with booths exhibiting "
+"non-free software, essentially putting the seal of approval on the non-free "
+"software. So, almost everywhere you look in our community, the institutions "
+"are endorsing the non-free software, totalling negating the idea of freedom "
+"that GNU was developed for. And the only place that people are likely to "
+"come across the idea of freedom is in connection with GNU, and in connection "
+"with free software, the term, free software. So this is why I ask you: "
+"please call the system GNU/Linux. Please make people aware where the system "
+"came from and why."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, just by using that name, you won't be making an explanation of "
+"the history. You can type four extra characters and write GNU/Linux; you "
+"can say two extra syllables. But, GNU/Linux is fewer syllables than Windows "
+"2000. <i>[Laughter]</i> But, you're not telling them a lot, but you're "
+"preparing them, so that when they hear about GNU, and what it's all about, "
+"they'll see how that connects to them and their lives. And that, "
+"indirectly, makes a tremendous difference. So please help us."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You'll note that Microsoft called the GPL an “open source "
+"license”. They don't want people to be thinking in terms of freedom "
+"as the issue. You'll find that they invite people to think in a narrow way, "
+"as consumers, and, of course, not even think very rationally as consumers, "
+"if they're going to choose Microsoft products. But they don't want people "
+"to think as citizens or statesmen. That's inimical to them. At least it's "
+"inimical to their current business model."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, how does free software…well, I can tell you about how free "
+"software relates to our society. A secondary topic that might be of "
+"interest to some of you is how free software relates to business. Now, in "
+"fact, free software is <em>tremendously</em> useful for business. After "
+"all, most businesses in the advanced countries use software. Only a tiny "
+"fraction of them develop software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And free software is tremendously advantageous for any company that uses "
+"software, because it means that you're in control. Basically, free software "
+"means the users are in control of what the program does. Either "
+"individually, if they care enough to be, or, collectively, when they care "
+"enough to be. Whoever cares enough can exert some influence. If you don't "
+"care, you don't buy. Then you use what other people prefer. But, if you do "
+"care, then you have some say. With proprietary software, you have "
+"essentially no say."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"With free software, you can change what you want to change. And it doesn't "
+"matter that there are no programmers in your company; that's fine. You "
+"know, if you wanted to move the walls in your building, you don't have to be "
+"a carpentry company. You just have to be able to go find a carpenter and "
+"say, “What will you charge to do this job?” And if you want to "
+"change around the software you use, you don't have to be a programming "
+"company. You just have to go to a programming company and say, “What "
+"will you charge to implement these features? And when will you have it "
+"done?” And if they don't do the job, you can go find somebody else."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's a free market for support. So, any business that cares about "
+"support will find a tremendous advantage in free software. With proprietary "
+"software, support is a monopoly, because one company has the source code, or "
+"maybe a small number of companies that paid a gigantic amount of money have "
+"the source code, if it's Microsoft's shared source program, but, it's very "
+"few. And so, there aren't very many possible sources of support for you. "
+"And that means, that unless you're a real giant, they don't care about you. "
+"Your company is not important enough for them to care if they lose your "
+"business, or what happens. Once you're using the program, they figure "
+"you're locked in to getting the support from them, because to switch to a "
+"different program is a gigantic job. So, you end up with things like paying "
+"for the privilege of reporting a bug. <i>[Laughter]</i> And once you've "
+"paid, they tell you, “Well, OK, we've noted your bug report. And in a "
+"few months, you can buy an upgrade, and you can see if we've fixed "
+"it.” <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Support providers for free software can't get away with that. They have to "
+"please the customers. Of course, you can get a lot of good support gratis. "
+"You post your problem on the Internet. You may get an answer the next day. "
+"But that's not guaranteed, of course. If you want to be confident, you "
+"better make an arrangement with a company and pay them. And this is, of "
+"course, one of the ways that free software business works."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another advantage of free software for businesses that use software is "
+"security and privacy. And this applies to individuals as well, but I "
+"brought it up in the context of businesses. You see, when a program is "
+"proprietary, you can't even tell what it really does."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It could have features, deliberately put in that you wouldn't like if you "
+"knew about them, like it might have a backdoor to let the developer get into "
+"your machine. It might snoop on what you do and send information back. "
+"This is not unusual. Some Microsoft software did this. But it's not only "
+"Microsoft. There are other proprietary programs that snoop on the user. "
+"And you can't even tell if it does this. And, of course, even assuming that "
+"the developer's totally honest, every programmer makes mistakes. There "
+"could be bugs that affect your security which are nobody's fault. But the "
+"point is: If it's not free software, you can't find them. And you can't fix "
+"them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nobody has the time to check the source of every program he runs. You're "
+"not going to do that. But with free software there's a large community, and "
+"there are people in that community who are checking things. And you get the "
+"benefit of their checking, because if there's an accidental bug, there "
+"surely are, from time to time, in any program, they might find it and fix "
+"it. And people are much less likely to put in a deliberate Trojan horse, or "
+"a snooping feature, if they think they might get caught. The proprietary "
+"software developers figure they won't get caught. They'll get away with it "
+"undetected. But a free software developer has to figure that people will "
+"look at that and see it's there. So, in our community, we don't feel we can "
+"get away with ramming a feature down the users' throats that the users "
+"wouldn't like. So we know that if the users don't like it, they'll make a "
+"modified version which doesn't have it. And then, they'll all start using "
+"that version."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In fact, we can all reason enough, we can all figure this out enough steps "
+"ahead, that we probably won't put in that feature. After all, you're "
+"writing a free program; you want people to like your version; you don't want "
+"to put in a thing that you know a lot of people are going to hate, and have "
+"another modified version catch on instead of yours. So you just realize "
+"that the user is king in the world of free software. In the world of "
+"proprietary software, the customer is <em>not</em> king. Because you are "
+"only a customer. You have no say in the software you use."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In this respect, free software is a new mechanism for democracy to operate. "
+"Professor Lessig, now at Stanford, noted that code functions as a kind of "
+"law. Whoever gets to write the code that just about everybody uses for all "
+"intents and purposes is writing the laws that run people's lives. With free "
+"software, these laws get written in a democratic way. Not the classical "
+"form of democracy — we don't have a big election and say, "
+"“Everybody vote which way should this feature be done.” "
+"<i>[Laughter]</i> Instead we say, basically, those of you who want to work "
+"on implementing the feature this way, do it. And if you want to work on "
+"implementing the feature that way, do it. And, it gets done one way or the "
+"other, you know? And so, if a lot of people want it this way, it'll get done "
+"this way. So, in this way, everybody contributes to the social decision by "
+"simply taking steps in the direction that he wants to go."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And you're free to take as many steps, personally, as you want to take. A "
+"business is free to commission as many steps as they find useful to take. "
+"And, after you add all these things up, that says which direction the "
+"software goes."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And it's often very useful to be able to take pieces out of some existing "
+"program, presumably usually large pieces, of course, and then write a "
+"certain amount of code of your own, and make a program that does exactly "
+"what you need, which would have cost you an arm and a leg to develop, if you "
+"had to write it all from scratch, if you couldn't cannibalize large pieces "
+"from some existing free software package."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another thing that results from the fact that the user is king is that we "
+"tend to be very good about compatibility and standardization. Why? Because "
+"users like that. Users are likely to reject a program that has gratuitous "
+"incompatibilities in it. Now, sometimes there's a certain group of users "
+"which actually have a need for a certain kind of incompatibility, and then "
+"they'll have it. That's OK. But when users want is to follow a standard, we "
+"developers have to follow it, and we know that. And we do it. By contrast, "
+"if you look at proprietary software developers, they often find it "
+"advantageous to deliberately <em>not</em> follow a standard, and not because "
+"they think that they're giving the user an advantage that way, but rather "
+"because they're imposing on the user, locking the user in. And you'll even "
+"find them making changes in their file formats from time to time, just to "
+"force people to get the newest version."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Archivists are finding a problem now, that files written on computers ten "
+"years ago often can't be accessed; they were written with proprietary "
+"software that's essentially lost now. If it were written with free "
+"software, then it could be brought up-to-date and run. And those things "
+"would not, those records would not be lost, would not be inaccessible. They "
+"were even complaining about this on NPR recently in citing free software as "
+"a solution. And so, in effect, by using a non-free program to store your "
+"own data, you are putting your head in a noose."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, I've talked about how free software affects most business. But how does "
+"it affect that particular narrow area which is software business? Well, the "
+"answer is mostly not at all. And the reason is that 90% of the software "
+"industry, from what I'm told, is development of custom software, software "
+"that's not meant to be released at all. For custom software, this issue, or "
+"the ethical issue of free or proprietary, doesn't arise. You see, the issue "
+"is, are you users free to change, and redistribute, the software? If there's "
+"only one user, and that user owns the rights, there's no problem. That user "
+"<em>is</em> free to do all these things. So, in effect, any <em>custom</em> "
+"program that was developed by one company for use in-house is free software, "
+"as long as they have the sense to insist on getting the source code and all "
+"the rights."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And the issue doesn't really arise for software that goes in a watch or a "
+"microwave oven or an automobile ignition system. Because those are places "
+"where you don't download software to install. It's not a real computer, as "
+"far as the user is concerned. And so, it doesn't raise these issues enough "
+"for them to be ethically important. So, for the most part, the software "
+"industry will go along, just as it's been going. And the interesting thing "
+"is that since such a large fraction of the jobs are in that part of the "
+"industry, even if there were no possibilities for free software business, "
+"the developers of free software could all get day jobs writing custom "
+"software. <i>[Laughter]</i> There's so many; the ratio is so big."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, as it happens, there is free software business. There are free "
+"software companies, and at the press conference that I'm going to have, "
+"people from a couple of them will join us. And, of course, there are also "
+"companies which are <em>not</em> free software businesses but do develop "
+"useful pieces of free software to release, and the free software that they "
+"produce is substantial."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, how do free software businesses work? Well, some of them sell copies. "
+"You know, you're free to copy it but they can still sell thousands of copies "
+"a month. And others sell support and various kinds of services. I, "
+"personally, for the second half of the '80's, I sold free software support "
+"services. Basically I said, for $200 an hour, I'll change whatever you want "
+"me to change in GNU software that I'd written. And, yes, it was a stiff "
+"rate, but if it was a program that I was the author of, people would figure "
+"that I might get the job done in a lot fewer hours. <i>[Laughter]</i> And I "
+"made a living that way. In fact, I'd made more than I'd ever made before. "
+"I also taught classes. And I kept doing that until 1990, when I got a big "
+"prize and I didn't have to do it any more."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, 1990 was when the first corporation free software business was formed, "
+"which was Cygnus Support. And their business was to do, essentially, the "
+"same kind of thing that I'd been doing. I certainly could have worked for "
+"them, if I had needed to do that. Since I didn't need to, I felt it was "
+"good for the movement if I remained independent of any one company. That "
+"way, I could say good and bad things about the various free software and "
+"non-free software companies, without a conflict of interest. I felt that I "
+"could serve the movement more. But, if I had needed that to make a living, "
+"sure, I would have worked for them. It's an ethical business to be in. No "
+"reason I would have felt ashamed to take a job with them. And that company "
+"was profitable in its first year. It was formed with very little capital, "
+"just the money its three founders had. And it kept growing every year and "
+"being profitable every year until they got greedy, and looked for outside "
+"investors, and then they messed things up. But it was several years of "
+"success, before they got greedy."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, this illustrates one of the exciting things about free software. Free "
+"software demonstrates that you don't need to raise capital to develop free "
+"software. I mean, it's useful; it <em>can</em> help. You know, if you do "
+"raise some capital, you can hire people and have them write a bunch of "
+"software. But you can get a lot done with a small number of people. And, "
+"in fact, the tremendous efficiency of the process of developing free "
+"software is one of the reasons it's important for the world to switch to "
+"free software. And it also belies what Microsoft says when they say the GNU "
+"GPL is bad, because it makes it harder for them to raise capital to develop "
+"non-free software and take our free software and put our code into their "
+"programs that they won't share with us. Basically, we don't need to have "
+"them raising capital that way. We'll get the job done anyway. We are "
+"getting the job done."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People used to say we could never do a complete free operating system. Now "
+"we've done that and a tremendous amount more. And I would say that we're "
+"about an order of magnitude away from developing all the general purpose "
+"published software needs of the world. And this is in a world where more "
+"than 90% of the users don't use our free software yet. This is in a world "
+"where, although in certain areas of business, you know, more than half of "
+"all the web servers in the world are running on GNU/Linux with Apache as the "
+"web server."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: <i>[Inaudible]</i> … What did you say "
+"before, Linux?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I said GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You did?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, if I'm talking about the kernel, I call it "
+"Linux. You know, that's it's name. The kernel was written by Linus "
+"Torvalds, and we should only call it by the name that he chose, out of "
+"respect for the author."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, but in general, in business most users are not using it. Most home "
+"users are not using our system yet. So, when they are, we should "
+"automatically get 10 times as many volunteers and 10 times as many customers "
+"for the free software businesses that there will be. And so that will take "
+"us that order of magnitude. So at this point, I am pretty confident that we "
+"<em>can</em> do the job."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, this is important, because Microsoft asks us to feel desperate. They "
+"say, The only way you can have software to run, the only way you can have "
+"innovation, is if you give us power. Let us dominate you. Let us control "
+"what you can do with the software you're running, so that we can squeeze a "
+"lot of money out of you, and use a certain fraction of that to develop "
+"software, and take the rest as profit."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, you shouldn't ever feel that desperate. You shouldn't ever feel so "
+"desperate that you give up your freedom. That's very dangerous."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another thing that Microsoft, well, not just Microsoft, people who don't "
+"support free software generally adopt a value system in which the only thing "
+"that matters is short-term practical benefits: How much money am I going to "
+"make this year? What job can I get done today? Short-term thinking and "
+"narrow thinking. Their assumption is that it is ridiculous to imagine that "
+"anybody ever might make a sacrifice for the sake of freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yesterday, a lot of people were making speeches about Americans who made "
+"sacrifices for the freedom of their compatriots. Some of them made great "
+"sacrifices. They even sacrificed their lives for the kinds of freedom that "
+"everyone in our country has heard about, at least. (At least, in some of "
+"the cases; I guess we have to ignore the war in Vietnam.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>[Editor's note: The day before was “Memorial Day” in the "
+"USA. Memorial Day is a day where war heros are commemorated.]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, fortunately, to maintain our freedom in using software, doesn't call "
+"for big sacrifices. Just tiny, little sacrifices are enough, like learning a "
+"command-line interface, if we don't have a GUI interface program yet. Like "
+"doing the job in this way, because we don't have a free software package to "
+"do it that way, yet. Like, paying some money to a company that's going to "
+"develop a certain free software package, so that you can have it in a few "
+"years. Various little sacrifices that we can all make. And, in the long "
+"run, even we will have benefited from it. You know, it is really an "
+"investment more than a sacrifice. We just have to have enough long-term "
+"view to realize it's good for us to invest in improving our society, without "
+"counting the nickels and dimes of who gets how much of the benefit from that "
+"investment."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So, at this point, I'm essentially done."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I'd like to mention that there's a new approach to free software business "
+"being proposed by Tony Stanco, which he calls “Free Developers”, "
+"which involves a certain business structure which hopes eventually to pay "
+"out a certain share of the profits to every, to all the authors of the free "
+"software who've joined the organization. And they're looking at the "
+"prospects of getting me some rather large government software development "
+"contracts in India now, because they're going to be using free software as "
+"the basis, having tremendous cost savings that way."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "And so now I guess that I should ask for questions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Could you speak up a bit louder please? I can't "
+"really hear you."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: How could a company like Microsoft include a free "
+"software contract?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, actually, Microsoft is planning to shift a "
+"lot of its activity into services. And what they're planning to do is "
+"something dirty and dangerous, which is tie the services to the programs, "
+"one to the next, in a sort of zigzag, you know? So that to use this service, "
+"you've got to be using this Microsoft program, which is going to mean you "
+"need to use this service, to this Microsoft program, so it's all tied "
+"together. That's their plan."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, the interesting thing is that selling those services doesn't raise the "
+"ethical issue of free software or non-free software. It might be perfectly "
+"fine for them to have the business for those businesses selling those "
+"services over the net to exist. However, what Microsoft is planning to do "
+"is to use them to achieve an even greater lock, an even greater monopoly, on "
+"the software and the services, and this was described in an article, I "
+"believe in Business Week, recently. And, other people said that it is "
+"turning the net into the Microsoft Company Town."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And this is relevant because, you know, the trial court in the Microsoft "
+"antitrust trial recommended breaking up the company, Microsoft. But in a "
+"way, that makes no sense — it wouldn't do any good at all — into "
+"the operating part and the applications part."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But having seen that article, I now see a useful, effective way to split up "
+"Microsoft into the services part and the software part, to require them to "
+"deal with each other only at arm's length, that the services must publish "
+"their interfaces, so that anybody can write a client to talk to those "
+"services, and, I guess, that they have to pay to get the service. Well, "
+"that's OK. That's a totally different issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If Microsoft is split up in this way […] services and software, they "
+"will not be able to use their software to crush competition with Microsoft "
+"services. And they won't be able to use the services to crush competition "
+"with Microsoft software. And we will be able to make the free software, and "
+"maybe you people will use it to talk to Microsoft services, and we won't "
+"mind."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Because, after all, although Microsoft is the proprietary software company "
+"that has subjugated the most people — the others have subjugated fewer "
+"people, it's not for want of trying. <i>[Laughter]</i> They just haven't "
+"succeeded in subjugating as many people. So, the problem is not Microsoft "
+"and only Microsoft. Microsoft is just the biggest example of the problem "
+"we're trying to solve, which is proprietary software taking away users' "
+"freedom to cooperate and form an ethical society. So we shouldn't focus too "
+"much on Microsoft, you know, even though they did give me the opportunity "
+"for this platform. That doesn't make them all-important. They're not the "
+"be-all and end-all."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Earlier, you were discussing the philosophical "
+"differences between open source software and free software. How do you feel "
+"about the current trend of GNU/Linux distributions as they head towards "
+"supporting only Intel platforms? And the fact that it seems that less and "
+"less programmers are programming correctly, and making software that will "
+"compile anywhere? And making software that simply works on Intel systems?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I don't see an ethical issue there. Although, in "
+"fact, companies that make computers sometimes port the GNU/Linux system to "
+"it. HP apparently did this recently. And, they didn't bother paying for a "
+"port of Windows, because that would have cost too much. But getting "
+"GNU/Linux supported was, I think, five engineers for a few months. It was "
+"easily doable."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, of course, I encourage people to use <code>autoconf</code>, which is a "
+"GNU package that makes it easier to make your programs portable. I "
+"encourage them to do that. Or when somebody else fixes the bug that it "
+"didn't compile on that version of the system, and sends it to you, you "
+"should put it in. But I don't see that as an ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Two comments. One is: Recently, you spoke at "
+"MIT. I read the transcript. And someone asked about patents, and you said "
+"that “patents are a totally different issue. I have no comments on "
+"that.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I actually have a lot to say about "
+"patents, but it takes an hour. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I wanted to say this: It seems to me that there "
+"is an issue. I mean, there is a reason that companies call both patents and "
+"copyrights things like hard property in trying to get this concept which is, "
+"if they want to use the power of the State to create a course of monopoly "
+"for themselves. And so, what's common about these things is not that they "
+"revolve around the same issues, but that motivation is not really the public "
+"service issues but the motivation of companies to get a monopoly for their "
+"private interests."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I understand. But, well, I want to respond "
+"because there's not too much time. So I'd like to respond to that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You're right that that's what they want. But there's another reason why "
+"they want to use the term intellectual property. It's that they don't want "
+"to encourage people to think carefully about copyright issues or patent "
+"issues. Because copyright law and patent law are totally different, and the "
+"effects of software copyrighted and software patents are totally different."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Software patents are a restriction on programmers, prohibiting them from "
+"writing certain kinds of programs, whereas copyright doesn't do that. With "
+"copyright, at least if you wrote it yourself, you're allowed to distribute "
+"it. So, it's tremendously important to separate these issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"They have a little bit in common, at a very low level, and everything else "
+"is different. So, please, to encourage clear thinking, discuss copyright or "
+"discuss patents. But don't discuss intellectual property. I don't have an "
+"opinion on intellectual property. I have opinions on copyrights and patents "
+"and software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You mentioned at the beginning that a functional "
+"language, like recipes, are computer programs. There's a cross a little bit "
+"different than other kinds of language created on. This is also causing a "
+"problem in the DVD case."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: The issues are partly similar but partly "
+"different, for things that are not functional in nature. Part of the issue "
+"transfers but not all of it. Unfortunately, that's another hour speech. I "
+"don't have time to go into it. But I would say that all functional works "
+"ought to be free in the same sense as software. You know, textbooks, "
+"manuals, dictionaries, and recipes, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I was just wondering on online music. There are "
+"similarities and differences created all through."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. I'd say that the minimum freedom that we "
+"should have for any kind of published information is the freedom to "
+"non-commercially redistribute it, verbatim. For functional works, we need "
+"the freedom to commercially publish a modified version, because that's "
+"tremendously useful to society. For non-functional works, you know, things "
+"that are to entertain, or to be aesthetic, or to state a certain person's "
+"views, you know, perhaps they shouldn't be modified. And, perhaps that "
+"means that it's OK, to have copyright covering all commercial distribution "
+"of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please remember that according to the U.S. Constitution, the purpose of "
+"copyright is to benefit the public. It is to modify the behavior of certain "
+"private parties, so that they will publish more books. And the benefit of "
+"this is that society gets to discuss issues and learn. And, you know, we "
+"have literature. We have scientific works. The purpose is encourage that. "
+"Copyrights do not exist for the sake of authors, let alone for the sake of "
+"publishers. They exist for the sake of readers and all those who benefit "
+"from the communication of information that happens when people write and "
+"others read. And that goal I agree with."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But in the age of the computer networks, the method is no longer tenable, "
+"because it now requires draconian laws that invade everybody's privacy and "
+"terrorize everyone. You know, years in prison for sharing with your "
+"neighbor. It wasn't like that in the age of the printing press. Then "
+"copyright was an industrial regulation. It restricted publishers. Now, "
+"it's a restriction imposed by the publishers on the public. So, the power "
+"relationship is turned around 180 degrees, even if it's the same law."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: So you can have the same thing — but like "
+"in making music from other music?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Right. That is an interesting …"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: And unique, new works, you know, it's still a lot "
+"of cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: It is. And I think that probably requires some "
+"kind of fair use concept. Certainly making a few seconds of sample and "
+"using that in making some musical work, obviously that should be fair use. "
+"Even the standard idea of fair use includes that, if you think about it. "
+"Whether courts agree, I'm not sure, but they should. That wouldn't be a "
+"real change in the system as it has existed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: What do you think about publishing public "
+"information in proprietary formats?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, it shouldn't be. I mean, the government "
+"should never require citizens to use a non-free program to access, to "
+"communicate with the government in any way, in either direction."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: I have been, what I will now say, a GNU/Linux "
+"user…"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Thank you. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: …for the past four years. The one thing "
+"that has been problematical for me and is something that is essential, I "
+"think, to all of us, is browsing the web."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: One thing that has been decidedly a weakness in "
+"using a GNU/Linux system has been browsing the web, because the prevailing "
+"tool for that, Netscape…"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: …is not free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Let me respond to this. I want to get to the point, for the sake of getting "
+"in more. So, yes. There has been a terrible tendency for people to use "
+"Netscape Navigator on their GNU/Linux systems. And, in fact all the "
+"commercially packaged systems come with it. So this is an ironic situation: "
+"we worked so hard to make a free operating system, and now, if you go to the "
+"store, and you can find versions of GNU/Linux there, most of them are called "
+"Linux, and they're not free. Oh, well, part of them is. But then, there's "
+"Netscape Navigator, and maybe other non-free programs as well. So, it's "
+"very hard to actually find a free system, unless you know what you're "
+"doing. Or, of course, you can not install Netscape Navigator."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, in fact, there have been free web browsers for many years. There is a "
+"free web browser that I used to use called Lynx. It's a free web browser "
+"that is non-graphical; it's text-only. This has a tremendous advantage, in "
+"you don't see the ads. <i>[Laughter] [Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But anyway, there is a free graphical project called Mozilla, which is now "
+"getting to the point where you can use it. And I occasionally use it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Konqueror 2.01 has been very good."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh, OK. So that's another free graphical "
+"browser. So, we're finally solving that problem, I guess."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk to me about that "
+"philosophical/ethical division between free software and open source? Do you "
+"feel that those are irreconcilable? …"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>[Recording switches tapes; end of question and start of answer is "
+"missing]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: … to a freedom, and ethics. Or whether "
+"you just say, Well, I hope that you companies will decide it's more "
+"profitable to let us be allowed to do these things."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, as I said, in a lot of practical work, it doesn't really matter what a "
+"person's politics are. When a person offers to help the GNU project, we "
+"don't say: “You have to agree with our politics.” We say that in "
+"a GNU package, you've got to call the system GNU/Linux, and you've got to "
+"call it free software. What you say when you're not speaking to the GNU "
+"Project, that's up to you."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: The company, IBM, started a campaign for "
+"government agencies, to sell their big new machines, that they used Linux as "
+"selling point, and say Linux."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, of course, it's really the GNU/Linux "
+"systems. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: That's right! Well, tell the top sales person. "
+"He doesn't know anything for GNU."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: I have to tell who?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: The top sales person."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Oh yes. The problem is that they've already "
+"carefully decided what they want to say for reasons of their advantage. And "
+"the issue of what is a more accurate, or fair, or correct way to describe it "
+"is not the primary issue that matters to a company like that. Now, some "
+"small companies, yes, there'll be a boss. And if the boss is inclined to "
+"think about things like that, he might make a decision that way. Not a "
+"giant corporation though. It's a shame, you know."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's another more important and more substantive issue about what IBM is "
+"doing. They're saying that they're putting a billion dollars into "
+"“Linux”. But perhaps, I should also put quotes around "
+"“into”, as well, because some of that money is paying people to "
+"develop free software. That really is a contribution to our community. But "
+"other parts is paying to pay people to write proprietary software, or port "
+"proprietary software to run on top of GNU/Linux, and that is <em>not</em> a "
+"contribution to our community. But IBM is lumping that altogether into "
+"this. Some of it might be advertising, which is partly a contribution, even "
+"if it's partly wrong. So, it's a complicated situation. Some of what "
+"they're doing is contribution and some is not. And some is sort is "
+"somewhat, but not exactly. And you can't just lump it altogether and think, "
+"Wow! Whee! A billion dollars from IBM. <i>[Laughter]</i> That's "
+"oversimplification."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Can you talk a little bit more about the thinking "
+"that went into the general public license?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, here's the — I'm sorry, I'm answering "
+"his question now. <i>[Laughter]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Do you want to reserve some time for the press "
+"conference? Or do you want to continue here?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Who is here for the press conference? Not a lot "
+"of press. Oh, three — OK. Can you afford if we — if I go on "
+"answering everybody's questions for another ten minutes or so? OK. So, "
+"we'll go on answering everybody's questions."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the thinking that went into the GNU GPL? Part of it was that I wanted to "
+"protect the freedom of the community against the phenomena that I just "
+"described with X Windows, which has happened with other free programs as "
+"well. In fact, when I was thinking about this issue, X Windows was not yet "
+"released. But I had seen this problem happen in other free programs. For "
+"instance, TeX. I wanted to make sure that the users would all have "
+"freedom. Otherwise, I realized that I might write a program, and maybe a "
+"lot of people would use the program, but they wouldn't have freedom. And "
+"what's the point of that?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the other issue I was thinking about was, I wanted to give the community "
+"a feeling that it was not a doormat, a feeling that it was not prey to any "
+"parasite who would wander along. If you don't use copyleft, you are "
+"essentially saying: <i>[speaking meekly]</i> “Take my code. Do what "
+"you want. I don't say no.” So, anybody can come along and say: "
+"<i>[speaking very firmly]</i> “Ah, I want to make a non-free version "
+"of this. I'll just take it.” And, then, of course, they probably make "
+"some improvements, those non-free versions might appeal to users, and "
+"replace the free versions. And then, what have you accomplished? You've "
+"only made a donation to some proprietary software project."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And when people see that that's happening, when people see, other people "
+"take what I do, and they don't ever give back, it can be demoralizing. And, "
+"this is not just speculation. I had seen that happen. That was part of "
+"what happened to wipe out the old community that I belonged to the '70's. "
+"Some people started becoming uncooperative. And we assumed that they were "
+"profiting thereby. They certainly acted as if they thought they were "
+"profiting. And we realized that they can just take off cooperation and not "
+"give back. And there was nothing we could do about it. It was very "
+"discouraging. We, those of us who didn't like the trend, even had a "
+"discussion and we couldn't come up with any idea for how we could stop it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the GPL is designed to stop that. And it says, Yes, you are welcome to "
+"join the community and use this code. You can use it to do all sorts of "
+"jobs. But, if you release a modified version, you've got to release that to "
+"our community, as part of our community, as part of the free world."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, in fact, there are still many ways that people can get the benefit of "
+"our work and not contribute, like you don't have to write any software. "
+"Lots of people use GNU/Linux and don't write any software. There's no "
+"requirement that you've got to do anything for us. But if you do a certain "
+"kind of thing, you've got to contribute to it. So what that means is that "
+"our community is not a doormat. And I think that that helped give people "
+"the strength to feel, Yes, we won't just be trampled underfoot by "
+"everybody. We'll stand up to this."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Yes, my question was, considering free but not "
+"copylefted software, since anybody can pick it up and make it proprietary, "
+"is it not possible also for someone to pick it up and make some changes and "
+"release the whole thing under the GPL?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Yes, it is possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Then, that would make all future copies then be "
+"GPL'ed."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: From that branch. But here's why we don't do "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Hmm?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Here's why we don't generally do that. Let me "
+"explain."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: OK, yes."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We could, if we wanted to, take X Windows, and "
+"make a GPL-covered copy and make changes in that. But there's a much larger "
+"group of people working on improving X Windows and <em>not</em> GPL-ing it. "
+"So, if we did that, we would be forking from them. And that's not very nice "
+"treatment of them. And, they <em>are</em> a part of our community, "
+"contributing to our community."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Second, it would backfire against us, because they're doing a lot more work "
+"on X than we would be. So, our version would be inferior to theirs, and "
+"people wouldn't use it, which means, why go to the trouble at all?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Mmm hmm."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: So when a person has written some improvement to "
+"X Windows, what I say that person should do is cooperate with the X "
+"development team. Send it to them and let them use it their way. Because "
+"they are developing a very important piece of free software. It's good for "
+"us to cooperate with them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Except, considering X, in particular, about two "
+"years ago, the X Consortium that was far into the non-free open "
+"source…"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, actually it <em>wasn't</em> open sourced. "
+"It wasn't open sourced, either. They may have said it was. I can't "
+"remember if they said that or not. But it wasn't open source. It was "
+"restricted. You couldn't commercially distribute, I think. Or you couldn't "
+"commercially distribute a modified version, or something like that. There "
+"was a restriction that's considered unacceptable by both the Free Software "
+"movement and the Open Source movement."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And yes, that's what using a non-copyleft license leaves you open to. In "
+"fact, the X Consortium, they had a very rigid policy. They say: If your "
+"program if copylefted even a little bit, we won't distribute it at all. We "
+"won't put it in our distribution."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, a lot of people were pressured in this way into not copylefting. And "
+"the result was that all of their software was wide open, later on. When the "
+"same people who had pressured a developer to be too all-permissive, then the "
+"X people later said, All right, now we can put on restrictions, which wasn't "
+"very ethical of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But, given the situation, would we really want to scrape up the resources to "
+"maintain an alternate GPL-covered version of X? And it wouldn't make any "
+"sense to do that. There are so many other things we need to do. Let's do "
+"them instead. We can cooperate with the X developers."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: Do you have a comment, is the GNU a trademark? "
+"And is it practical to include it as part of the GNU General Public License "
+"allowing trademarks?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: We are, actually, applying for trademark "
+"registration on GNU. But it wouldn't really have anything to do with that. "
+"It's a long story to explain why."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: You could require the trademark be displayed with "
+"GPL-covered programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: No, I don't think so. The licenses cover "
+"individual programs. And when a given program is part of the GNU Project, "
+"nobody lies about that. The name of the system as a whole is a different "
+"issue. And this is an aside. It's not worth discussing more."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>QUESTION</strong>: If there was a button that you could push and "
+"force all companies to free their software, would you press it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: Well, I would only use this for published "
+"software. You know, I think that people have the right to write a program "
+"privately and use it. And that includes companies. This is privacy issue. "
+"And it's true, there can be times when it is wrong to do that, like if it is "
+"tremendously helpful to humanity, and you are withholding it from "
+"humanity. That is a wrong but that's a different kind of wrong. It's a "
+"different issue, although it's in the same area."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But yes, I think all published software should be free software. And "
+"remember, when it's not free software, that's because of government "
+"intervention. The government is intervening to make it non-free. The "
+"government is creating special legal powers to hand out to the owners of the "
+"programs, so that they can have the police stop us from using the programs "
+"in certain ways. So I would certainly like to end that."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>SCHONBERG</strong>: Richard's presentation has invariably generated "
+"an enormous amount of intellectual energy. I would suggest that some of it "
+"should be directed to using, and possibly writing, free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We should close the proceedings shortly. I want to say that Richard has "
+"injected into a profession which is known in the general public for its "
+"terminal apolitical nerditude a level of political and moral discussion "
+"which is, I think, unprecedented in our profession. And we owe him very big "
+"for this. I'd like to note to people that there is a break."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Applause]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: You are free to leave at any time, you "
+"know. <i>[Laughter]</i> I'm not holding you prisoner here."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[Audience adjourns…]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>[overlapping conversations…]</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<strong>STALLMAN</strong>: One final thing. Our website: www.gnu.org"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
"
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.<br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2001, 2005, 2006 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. timestamp start
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""
Index: philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.html
diff -N philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.ml.html
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-0000 1.1
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+à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯àµà´à´ നിരàµâà´®àµà´®à´¿à´àµà´
à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµâ, à´à´«àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµâ,
+മളàµâà´àµà´àµà´®àµà´¡à´¿à´¯, à´à´³à´¿à´à´³àµâ,
à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿ നിà´àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´°àµâ à´àµà´¾à´£àµà´àµàµ
+à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¤àµà´²àµà´²à´¾à´ à´à´£àµà´àµàµ. <a
+href="/links/links.html#FreeGNULinuxDistributions">à´®àµà´´àµà´µà´¨àµâ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
+à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤àµ</a>
പറàµà´±à´¿à´¯à´±à´¿à´¯à´¾à´¨àµâ <a
+href="http://www.gnewsense.org";>gNewSense.org</a></p>
+
+<p>സാമàµà´¹àµà´¯ à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´à´°àµâ
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµà´³àµâ à´à´°àµ
+à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯àµà´ à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´®àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, à´
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
നിയനàµà´¤àµà´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨, à´
തിനàµà´±àµ
+നിരàµâà´®àµà´®à´¾à´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµâ, à´
വരàµâ
à´à´¤à´¿à´°àµâà´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
+à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´— à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµâ à´
വരàµ
തിരàµâà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ നയà´àµà´à´³àµà´³àµà´³
+രാഷàµà´àµà´°à´àµà´à´³àµâ à´à´¤àµà´¤à´°à´
à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
+à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´.
à´à´°àµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿, à´
à´¤àµàµ,
+à´®àµà´àµà´°àµà´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµ, à´à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´³àµâ, à´
à´¡àµà´¬àµ, à´¸àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªàµ, à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿
à´à´°à´¾à´¯à´¾à´²àµà´, നമàµà´®àµà´àµ
+à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
നിയനàµà´¤àµà´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´²àµâ, നമàµà´®à´³àµâ, à´à´¨àµà´¤àµàµ
à´à´°àµà´àµàµ
+à´¸à´à´¸à´¾à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ à´
വരàµâ
à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ.
à´à´¤àµàµ നമàµà´®àµà´àµ
+à´àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤àµà´±à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµà´¯àµà´
ബാധിയàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.</p>
+
+<p>നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´à´³àµà´,
à´à´¤àµà´¤à´à´³àµà´ à´à´°àµ à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´¯àµà´àµ
സരàµâവരàµâ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ
+à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´²àµà´, à´
à´ªà´à´à´®àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
— à´
à´¤àµàµ à´¯àµà´à´¸àµà´¸àµ നിയമà´àµà´à´¨àµâ
മിà´à´¾à´¯àµà´²àµâ
+à´¸àµà´ªàµà´°à´¿à´àµà´®à´¾à´¨àµàµ(Michael Springmann)പറàµà´±à´¿à´¯
à´ªàµà´²àµ, നിà´àµà´à´³àµâ
à´àµà´¨à´¯à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµâ
+മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´². 2003-à´²àµâ, à´
à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¹à´
à´à´àµà´·à´¿à´à´³àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´¨à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯ രഹസàµà´¯
à´à´°àµâà´àµà´à´à´³àµâ, AOL
+à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´à´¨àµà´±à´°àµâà´¨àµà´±àµà´±àµàµ à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿,
à´ªàµà´²àµà´¸à´¿à´¨àµàµ à´àµà´®à´¾à´±à´¿, മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² à´
യാളàµà´àµ à´à´®àµà´¯à´¿à´²àµâ
+സനàµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³àµà´, വിലാസà´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯à´àµà´·à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿. à´
തിലൠà´à´°àµ
à´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´°à´¨àµâ
+സമàµà´®à´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ വരൠà´
à´¤àµàµ
മനപàµà´ªàµà´°àµâà´µàµà´µà´
à´¸à´à´à´µà´¿à´àµà´à´¤à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´°àµâ
+സമàµà´®à´¤à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´².
വിവരà´àµà´à´³àµâ തിരിà´àµà´àµ
à´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´¶àµà´°à´®à´
à´¸àµà´ªàµà´°à´¿à´àµà´®à´¾à´¨àµâ
+à´à´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµ.</p>
+
+<p>മനàµà´·àµà´¯à´¾à´µà´à´¾à´¶à´àµà´à´³àµ
മാനിയàµà´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ à´à´°àµà´¯àµà´¾à´°àµ
രാഷàµà´àµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² യൠà´à´¸àµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´¾à´£àµà´àµàµ
+നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ വിവരà´àµà´à´³àµâ
നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´±à´¿à´²àµâ
തനàµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´, വിവര
+à´¸àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´³àµâ നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´ªà´àµà´à´²àµâ തനàµà´¨àµ വയàµà´àµà´àµà´—
നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
+à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´°àµâ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ
+à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
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+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ml.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+à´à´«àµ à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµ -നൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ
-വിനൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´àµà´¦àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´¸à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>
à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´
യയàµà´àµà´àµà´. à´à´«àµ
+à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ ബനàµà´§à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ <a
href="/contact">മറàµà´±àµ വഴിà´à´³àµà´ à´à´£àµà´àµàµ </a>.
<br
+/>à´¤àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´¯ à´à´£àµà´£à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
മറàµà´±àµàµ നിരàµâà´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
à´à´¿à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a> à´à´¨àµà´¨
+വിലാസതàµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´
+</p>
+
+<p>
+à´ à´²àµà´à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
തരàµâà´àµà´à´®à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ
à´ªà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´
സമരàµâà´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´ <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">പരിà´à´¾à´·à´¾
സഹായി</a>à´à´¾à´£àµà´.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªà´µà´à´¾à´¶à´ © 2007
റിà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµâഡൠസàµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´³àµâമാനàµâ
+</p>
+<p>à´ à´
റിയിപàµà´ªàµà´,à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªà´µà´à´¾à´¶
à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´
നിലനിരàµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´£à´
à´à´¨àµà´¨
+നിബനàµà´§à´¨à´¯àµà´àµ, സമàµà´ªàµà´°àµâà´£àµà´£
à´²àµà´à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ പദാനàµà´ªà´¦
à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªàµà´ വിതരണവàµà´
+à´²àµà´à´¤àµà´¤àµà´µà´¿à´àµà´¯àµà´, à´à´¤àµ
മാധàµà´¯à´®à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´,യാതàµà´¾à´°àµ
à´±àµà´¯à´²àµâà´±àµà´±à´¿à´¯àµà´ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ
+à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>Shyam Karanattu
+<address@hidden></a></div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:
+
+$Date: 2009/02/04 09:28:01 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
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+
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+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
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+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Danish -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.da.html">Dansk</a> [da]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: software/reliability.ml.html
===================================================================
RCS file: software/reliability.ml.html
diff -N software/reliability.ml.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ software/reliability.ml.html 4 Feb 2009 09:28:19 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ml.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ
വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ !- à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´ -
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
+à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ à´«àµà´£àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµâ
(FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ml.html" -->
+<h2>à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ !</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware";>
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</a> à´µà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµâ à´à´àµà´à´¨àµ
പറà´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´, “<a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html";> à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
+à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ</a> à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´¨àµà´¦à´°
à´¸àµà´µà´ªàµà´¨à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´ªà´àµà´·àµ
നമàµà´àµà´à´±à´¿à´¯à´¾à´
+à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµâà´àµà´àµ
മാതàµà´°à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
+à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´.à´à´°àµ
à´àµà´àµà´à´ ഹാà´àµà´àµà´°àµâസിനàµàµ
à´à´¤àµà´¤à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµâ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´µà´¾à´¨àµâ
+സാധിà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´².”</p>
+
+<p>à´
à´¨àµà´à´µàµà´¦àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´µàµà´à´³àµâ
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´
à´¨àµà´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²;
താഴൠവിശദàµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
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à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµâ
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à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ.</p>
+
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à´¤àµà´àµà´¤à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´®à´²àµà´²;
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+
+<h3 id="Bulletproof">à´¬àµà´³àµà´³à´±àµà´±àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´«àµ
à´àµà´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´àµà´à´³àµâ!</h3>
+
+<p>à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµâ
നിനàµà´¨àµàµ “à´«à´¸àµà´¸àµ à´¬à´àµà´àµ”
à´¤àµà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤àµàµ
+à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ
വിശàµà´µà´¸à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´¸àµà´àµà´àµà´àµ മാà´àµà´¸àµâà´µàµà´²àµ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>
à´¨àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´µà´
+നലàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ à´¸à´à´à´
à´ªàµà´°à´µà´°àµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´£àµà´àµàµ.
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±à´¿ à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµâ
+വായിà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ <a
+href="http://home.pacbell.net/s-max/scott/bulletproof-penguin.html";>http://home.pacbell.net/s-max/scott/bulletproof-penguin.html</a>
+സനàµà´¦à´°àµâശിà´àµà´àµà´.</p>
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ml.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+à´à´«àµ à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµ -നൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ
-വിനൠà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´àµà´¦àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´¸à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>
à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´
യയàµà´àµà´àµà´. à´à´«àµ
+à´à´¸àµ à´à´«àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ ബനàµà´§à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´¾à´¨àµâ <a
href="/contact">മറàµà´±àµ വഴിà´à´³àµà´ à´à´£àµà´àµàµ </a>.
<br
+/>à´¤àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´¯ à´à´£àµà´£à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
മറàµà´±àµàµ നിരàµâà´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
à´à´¿à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a> à´à´¨àµà´¨
+വിലാസതàµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´
+</p>
+
+<p>
+à´ à´²àµà´à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
തരàµâà´àµà´à´®à´¯à´¿à´²àµâ
à´ªà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´
സമരàµâà´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´ <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">പരിà´à´¾à´·à´¾
സഹായി</a>à´à´¾à´£àµà´.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªà´µà´à´¾à´¶à´ © 1997, 1998, 1999,2001, 2002,
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
+2007, 2008 <a href="http://www.fsf.org";>à´«àµà´°àµ
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´°àµâ
à´«àµà´£àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµâ</a>,
+à´à´¨àµâà´àµ.,</p>
+<address>51 à´«àµà´°à´¾à´àµà´àµà´²à´¿à´¨àµâ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±àµà´°àµà´±àµà´±àµ, à´
à´àµà´à´¾à´ നില,
à´¬àµà´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´£àµâ, à´à´ à´ 02110, à´¯àµà´à´¸àµà´</address>
+<p> à´ à´
റിയിപàµà´ªàµà´,à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªà´µà´à´¾à´¶
à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´
നിലനിരàµâà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´£à´
à´à´¨àµà´¨
+നിബനàµà´§à´¨à´¯àµà´àµ, സമàµà´ªàµà´°àµâà´£àµà´£
à´²àµà´à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ പദാനàµà´ªà´¦
à´ªà´à´°àµâà´ªàµà´ªàµà´ വിതരണവàµà´, à´à´¤àµ
+മാധàµà´¯à´®à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´,യാതàµà´¾à´°àµ
à´±àµà´¯à´²àµâà´±àµà´±à´¿à´¯àµà´ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<strong>Remya Thottingal</strong> <address@hidden></div>
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:
+
+$Date: 2009/02/04 09:28:19 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>ഠതാളിനàµà´±àµ തരàµâà´àµà´à´®</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.es.html">Español</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Indonesian -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> [id]</li>
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<li><a
href="/software/reliability.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
+<li><a href="/software/reliability.pt-br.html">português do
Brasil</a> [pt-br]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/software/reliability.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a
href="/software/reliability.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> [zh-cn]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
+<li><a
href="/software/reliability.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> [zh-tw]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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