[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy po/government-free-software.zh-t...
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy po/government-free-software.zh-t... |
|
Date: |
Tue, 15 Jan 2019 02:28:56 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 19/01/15 02:28:56
Modified files:
philosophy/po : government-free-software.zh-tw.po
Added files:
philosophy : government-free-software.zh-tw.html
philosophy/po : government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/government-free-software.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/government-free-software.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/government-free-software.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
Index: government-free-software.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: government-free-software.zh-tw.html
diff -N government-free-software.zh-tw.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ government-free-software.zh-tw.html 15 Jan 2019 07:28:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/government-free-software.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>æ¿åºæ¨åèªç±è»é«çå¯è¡è¾¦æ³ - GNU å°æ¡ -
èªç±è»é«åºéæ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/government-free-software.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<h2>æ¿åºæ¨åèªç±è»é«çå¯è¡è¾¦æ³</h2>
+<h3>以åçºä»éº¼éæ¯æ¿åºç責任</h3>
+
+<p>ä½è
çº <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>æ¬æå¡è°åå·æ¿åº <a href="#trans1">[æ1]</a>
æ以強èæåçæ¿çæ¨åèªç±è»é«ï¼ä¸¦å¼é åå
§å
¶é¤è¡æ¿åæè»é«èªç±çç®æ¨åé²ã</p>
+
+<p>å·æ¿åºç使å½æ¯è®ç¤¾æå¾ä»¥å¯¦ç¾äººæ°çèªç±èç¦ç¥ãè½å¨é»è
¦é åï¼éå使å½å°±æ¯é¼åµä½¿ç¨è
æ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«ï¼<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">å³å°é使ç¨è
èªç±çè»é«</a>ãå°æï¼éèªç±ï¼è»é«è¸è¸äºä½¿ç¨è
çèªç±ï¼éæ¯æ¿åºæç¶åªåæ ¹çµç社æåé¡ã</p>
+
+<p>çºäºä¿æå家çéç®ä¸»æ¬ï¼å家å°æ¼å
¶é»è
¦éç®ä½æ¥çèªä¸»æ§å¶æ¬ï¼ï¼å·æ¿åºå¿
é å
æ使ç¨èªç±è»é«ä½é»è
¦éç®ãææ使ç¨è
é½æå¾èªä¸»ææ§é»è
¦éç®çæ¬å©ï¼èæ¿åºæ責任起身çºäººæ°å®è·é份éç®èªä¸»æ¬ãç¾å¨å¤§å¤æ¸çæ¿åºæ´»åé½éå§ä¾è³´é»è
¦ï¼èæ¿åºå°éäºæ´»åçæ§å¶æ¬åå決æ¼å°æ¼é»è
¦éç®çæ§å¶æ¬ãå¨å°æ¿åºéä½èè¨ç¸ç¶éè¦çæ©éä¸ï¼è¥å¤±å»é樣çæ§å¶æ¬å°å±åå家å®å
¨ã</p>
+
+<p>è®æ¿åºæ©éå°å
¥èªç±è»é«éæå
¶ä»å¥½èï¼ä¾å¦çé¢éæå©æ¼å°æ¹è»é«æ¯æ´ç¢æ¥çç¼å±ã</p>
+
+<p>å¨ä¸æä¸ï¼ãæ¿åºæ©éãæ³æåç´æ¿åºï¼äº¦ä»£è¡¨å¦å¸æ
¡å®ä½ãå
¬ç§åçæ©éï¼ç±æ¿åºä¸»è¦è³å©çäºæ¥å¦å
¬ç«å¸æ
¡ï¼ä»¥åç±æ¿åºææ§æ以ç¹æ®æ¬å©æåè½è¨ç«çãç§çãå
¬å¸çã</p>
+
+<h3>æè²</h3>
+<p>æéè¦çæ¿çå°±æ¯æè²æ¿çï¼å
çºæè²æ¿çå½¢å¡äºå家çæªä¾ï¼</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>åªæè²èªç±è»é«</b><br />
+æè²äºæ¥ï¼æè³å°æ¯é£äºç±æ¿åºæ©é主å°çæè²äºæ¥ï¼å¿
é
åªæè²èªç±è»é«ï¼æ以ï¼ä»åçµå°ä¸æå¼å°å¸ç使ç¨éèªç±è»é«ï¼ï¼èä¸æ該æè²å¸çå
ææ¡ç¨èªç±è»é«çå
¬æ°ååãæè²éèªç±è»é«å°±æ¯æè²å¸çä¾è³´ç¹å®å»
åï¼èééèäºå¸æ ¡çæè²ä½¿å½ã</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>æ¿åºèæ°ç¾</h3>
+<p>é£äºæå½±é¿å人èçµç¹å®ä½å¦ä½ä½¿ç¨è»é«çæ¿çä¹å¾éè¦ï¼</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>ä¸æè¦æ±éèªç±è»é«</b><br />
+æ³å¾èå
¬é¨éè¡æ¿æçæ½è¡è¾¦æ³é½å¿
é ä¿®æ¹ï¼å
©è
æ°¸é
é½ä¸å¯è¦æ±æ迫使å人æçµç¹å®ä½ä½¿ç¨æåéèªç±è»é«ãä»åä¹æ該å¸é»å¿
ç¶å°è´éé¡çµæçå³æèåºçåæ³ï¼å
¶ä¸å
å«<a
+href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm";>æ¸ä½éå¶ç®¡çï¼å³
DRM </a>æè¡ï¼ã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>å
åªæ£å¸èªç±è»é«</b><br />
+æ¯ç¶æ¿åºæ©éåæ°ç¾æ£å¸è»é«æï¼å
æ¬æ©é網é
ä¸æå«æçææå®çç¨å¼ï¼é½å¿
é
以èªç±è»é«ææ¬æ£å¸ï¼ä¸¦ä¸è©²è»é«å¿
é
å¯ä»¥å¨åªæ¶éèªç±è»é«çä½æ¥å¹³èºä¸å·è¡ã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>æ¿åºç¶²ç«</b><br />
+æ¿åºæ©éå¿
é è®å
¶ç¶²ç«è網路æåï¼å¨å
åªä½¿ç¨èªç±è»é«çæ
æ³ä¸ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥å®å
¨æ£å¸¸å·è¡è使ç¨ã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>èªç±æ ¼å¼èåå®</b><br />
+æ¿åºæ©éå¿
é åªä½¿ç¨èªç±è»é«å¯è¯å¥½æ¯æ´çæªæ¡æ
¼å¼æéè¨åå®ï¼å
¶ä¸æ好æ¡åå
¬éçè¦æ
¼ãï¼æåæ²æ使ç¨ãæ¨æºãä¸è©ä¾æè¿°ï¼æ¯å
çºéæ該è¦åæé©ç¨æ¼æªæ¨æºåä»é¢èå·²æ¨æºåä»é¢ãï¼èä¾ä¾èªªï¼æ©éä¸è½ä»¥éè¦æ
+Flash æéèªç±ç·¨è§£ç¢¼å¨æè½ææ¾çæ
¼å¼æ£å¸é³è¨æè¦è¨ï¼èå
Œ
±åæ¸é¤¨ä¹ä¸å¯æ£å¸ä»¥æ¸ä½éå¶ç®¡çæè¡ç¼è¡çä½åã</p>
+
+<p>çºäºæ¯ææ¡ç¨å°éèªç±çæ
¼å¼æ£å¸åºçåèä½åçæ¿çï¼å·æ¿åºå¿
é å
æææèæ¤æ¿çç¸éçåé¡å ±åé½ä»¥å°éèªç±çæ
¼å¼æä¾ã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>解é¤é»è
¦çææ¬ç¶ç¸</b><br />
+é»è
¦ä¹é·å®ï¼ä¸å¾è¦æ±ä¸ä½µè³¼è²·å°æè»é«ææ¬ãæ³å¾æè¦æ±é»è
¦è³£æ¹åè²·æ¹æä¾ç¡å°æè»é«ä¸ä¸å¿
繳交ææ¬è²»çé¸é
ã</p>
+<p>å¼·å
è²·æ¹è³¼è²·éé¡æ¯æ¬¡è¦éå¿çåé¡ï¼èéä¸æåæ£æåå°å°æè»é«å
¶ä¸æ£ç¾©æ¬è³ªç注æï¼ç¦é»å¨æ¼ä½¿ç¨å°æè»é«æå°è´å¤±å»èªç±ãä¸éï¼æ¿«ç¨å¼·è¿«ä½¿ç¨è
ä»æ¬¾çé·å®ææ³ï¼æçºæäºå°æè»é«éç¼å帶ä¾é¡å¤çä¸å
¬å¹³åªå¢ï¼éå°ä½¿ç¨è
çèªç±æ¥µçºä¸å©ãåçä¹éæ¯æ¿åºæç¶é²æ¢éé¡æ¿«ç¨ã</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>é»è
¦éç®ä¸»æ¬</h3>
+<p>許å¤æ¿çé½æå½±é¿å家çé»è
¦éç®ä¸»æ¬ãæ¿åºæ©éå¿
é
ä¿æå°å
¶é»è
¦éç®çæ§å¶æ¬ï¼èä¸æ¯å°æ§å¶æ¬è®èç§äººä¹æãéé»é©ç¨ææ種é¡çé»è
¦ï¼å
å«æºæ
§åææ©äº¦æ¯å¦æ¤ã</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>é·ç§»è³èªç±è»é«</b><br />
+æ¿åºæ©éå¿
é
é·ç§»è³èªç±è»é«ç°å¢ï¼èä¸ä¸å¾å®è£æç¹¼çºä½¿ç¨ä»»ä½éèªç±è»é«ï¼é¤éæ¯ç¹æ®çæ«æä¾å¤æ
æ³ãæ¿åºæè¨ç«å®ä¸æ©æ§ææ¬æäºéäºæ«æä¾å¤ï¼èä¸åªå¨æçç±å
足ææç¼äºè¨±å¯ãéåæ©æ§çæçµç®æ¨æ¯å°ä¾å¤æ
æ³æ¸å°è³å®å
¨æ²æã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>éç¼èªç±ç IT 解決æ¹æ¡</b><br />
+ç¶æ¿åºæ©éçºæåé»è
¦éç®è§£æ±ºæ¹æ¡æ¯ä»éç¼è²»ç¨æï¼å¿
é
å¨å¥ç´ä¸è¦æ±è§£æ±ºæ¹æ¡ä»¥èªç±è»é«ææ¬äº¤ä»ï¼èä¸å
¶è¨è¨å¿
é
è¦è®äººå¯ä»¥å¨ç¾åä¹ç¾èªç±çç°å¢ä¸å·è¡èéç¼ãææçå¥ç´é½å¿
é åå
¥éé
æ¢ä»¶è¦æ±ï¼æ以å¦æéç¼è
ç¡æ³éµå®éäºè¦æ±ï¼å°±ç¡æ³æ¿å°æåè²»ç¨ã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>é¸æé©åèªç±è»é«çé»è
¦</b><br />
+ç¶æ¿åºæ©éè¦è³¼è²·æç§è³é»è
¦æï¼å¿
é å¾åé¡åçç´çé»è
¦ä¸ï¼é¸æåºæ²æä»»ä½å°æè»é«ççæ³ä¸ï¼æè½å¤
æ£å¸¸éè¡çé»è
¦ãæ¿åºæ©éæç¶éå°å種é¡åçé»è
¦ï¼ç¶è·ä¸ä»½ä»¥æ¤æ¨æºæ¢ä»¶çºåºç¤çæ©åå表ãèæ°ç¾èæ¿åºé½å¯ç²å使ç¨çæ©åï¼æ該åªå
åæ¼å
æ¿åºå¯ç²å使ç¨çæ©åä¹åã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>èå» åè«å¤</b><br />
+å·æ¿åºæè製é åç©æ¥µååè«å¤ï¼ä»¥å¨ææç¸éç¢åé
åçå¸å
´ä¸ï¼ï¼åæ¿åºèæ°ç¾ï¼ä¾æä¸éè¦å°æè»é«çåé©ç¡¬é«ç¢åã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>èå
¶ä»å·æ¿åºåä½</b><br />
+å·æ¿åºæ該éè«å
¶ä»å·æ¿åºä¸åè製é
åå°±åé©ç硬é«é²è¡ååè«å¤ãåå¿ååæç¼æ®çå½±é¿åéå°±ææ´å¤§ã</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>é»è
¦éç®ä¸»æ¬äº</h3>
+<p>å家çé»è
¦éç®ä¸»æ¬ï¼èéç®å®å
¨ï¼ï¼å
å«äºè¦å°å·è¡æ¿åºä½æ¥å
§å®¹çé»è
¦æå®æ´æ§å¶æ¬ãè¥è¦éæéé
ç®æ¨ï¼å°±éè¦é¿å
æ¡ç¨<a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">æåæ¿ä»£è»é«
(SaSS)
+</a>æ¶æ§ï¼é¤é該æåæ¯ç±åä¸æ¿åºæ©éä¸è½çå®ä½çéï¼ï¼ä»¥åé¿å
æ¡åå
¶ä»æä¿ä½¿æ¿åºéä½é»è
¦éç®æ§å¶æ¬çæªæ½ãæ以ï¼</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>æ¿åºå¿
é ææ§å
¶é»è
¦</b><br />
+æ¿åºä½¿ç¨çæ¯èºé»è
¦ï¼é½å¿
é
ç±ä½¿ç¨å®åçæ¿åºæ©éææææ¯ç±å
¶ç§è³ï¼èä¸è©²åæ¯æ©æ§ä¸å¾ææ¬æ±ºå®èª°å¯ä»¥å°éäºé»è
¦ç實é«ååæ¬å©ãï¼è»é«æ硬é«ï¼ç¶è·æ¬å©ãè»é«å®è£æ¬å©çï¼è®èå¤é¨äººå¡ãå¦æä¸æ¯å¯æå¼é»è
¦ï¼åé»è
¦å¨ä½¿ç¨æéå¿
é åæ¾å¨æ¿åºæ©éä½ç¨è
ï¼ç¡è«èº«ä»½çºææè
æç§è³è
ï¼ç實é«ç©ºéä¸ã</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>å½±é¿éç¼</h3>
+<p>以æ¿çå½±é¿èªç±è»é«èéèªç±è»é«çéç¼ï¼</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>é¼åµèªç±è»é«</b><br />
+æ¿åºæ該é¼åµéç¼è
製ä½ææ¹åèªç±è»é«ï¼ä¸¦å°å
¶æä¾çµ¦æ°ç¾ä½¿ç¨ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼ééæ¸ç¨
æå
¶ä»ç¶æ¿çåµæªæ½éæãåéä¾èªªï¼å°æ¼éèªç±è»é«çéç¼ãæ£å¸ã使ç¨çï¼å°±ä¸æ給äºéé¡çåµã</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>ä¸é¼åµéèªç±è»é«</b><br />
+å°¤å
¶ï¼ä¸æè®å°æè»é«éç¼è
å¯ãæè´ãå
¶è»é«å¯æ¬çµ¦å¸æ
¡ï¼ä¸¦æ ¹æè»é«çå義å¹å¼åå¾ç¨
é¡æ£æµãå°æè»é«å¨å¸æ
¡é«ç³»ä¹ä¸æ²æåæ³æ£ç¶æ§ã</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>é»ååå¾</h3>
+<p>èªç±ä¸æé æé»ååå¾ï¼</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>è»é«å¯ä»¥å代</b><br />
+許å¤ç¾ä»£é»è
¦çè¨è¨ï¼ä½¿å
¶ç¡æ³ä»¥èªç±è»é«å代é»è
¦å·²é
è¼çè»é«ãå æ¤ï¼è§£é¤éäºé»è
¦ç¶ç¸çå¯ä¸è¾¦æ³ï¼å°±æ¯å°å
¶ä¸æ£ãèé種åæ³å°ç¤¾ææ害ã</p>
+
+<p>å æ¤ï¼å°æ¼æ¡ç¨ç¡¬é«ä»é¢æå
¶ä»èæéå¶ï¼ä¾é²æ¢ä½¿ç¨è
é²è¡éç¼ãå®è£ã使ç¨èªç±è»é«ï¼ä»¥å代ä¸é¨ä»½æå
¨é¨é
è¼è»é«çæ°é»è
¦ï¼äº¦å³éäºæï¼æ以é»è
¦çºåºç¤çç¢åï¼ç¡è«æ¯é·å®ãé²å£ã大éæ£å¸çåæ³ï¼çæè¦çºéæ³è¡çºï¼æè³å°ä»¥æ²éçç¨
賦ä½çºåå¶ãéå°¤å
¶æ´é©ç¨æ¼æ³å®è£ä¸åä½æ¥ç³»çµ±å¾å
<a
+href="/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html">ãè¶çã</a>çè£ç½®ï¼ææ¯æäºå¨éè¨åä»é¢å±¬æ¼ç¥å¯çè£ç½®ã
+</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>æè¡ä¸ç«</h3>
+
+<p>ééæ¬ææåºç辦æ³ï¼æ¿åºå¯ä»¥éæ¾å°å
¶é»è
¦éç®çæ§å¶æ¬ï¼ä¸¦å¼é å家çå
¬æ°ãä¼æ¥ãçµç¹çï¼ååå°å
¶é»è
¦éç®çæ§å¶æ¬ãç¶èï¼æäºäººå»èªçºéæéåæè¡ä¸ç«ãååãã</p>
+
+<p>æè¡ä¸ç«çæ¦å¿µï¼æ¯ææ¿åºä¸ææ£æå°æ種æè¡æç¹å¥å好ãéåååæ¯å¦ææ義ä»å
滿çè°ï¼èå¨ç´æè¡è°é¡ä¸çä»»ä½æ
æ³ä¸ï¼æ¤ååå½±é¿ä¹æéãæ¬æå¡è°ç辦æ³åæåºéå¾·ã社æãæ¿æ²»ç層é¢ä¸æ強調çéé»ï¼éäºå±¤é¢å·²<a
+href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">é è¶
åº<em>æè¡</em>ä¸ç«çç¯ç</a>ãåªæé£äºæ³è¦å¾æå家ç人ï¼ææ建è°æ¿åºå°å
¶ä¸»æ¬æå
¶å
¬æ°èªç±ä¹è°é¡æä¿æãä¸ç«ãã</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<b>è¯è
註︰</b>
+<ol><li id="trans1">çæ¥ã»å²ææ¼å
ç (Richard Stallman) çºç¾åå
¬æ°ï¼å æ¤ä»¥ç¾åè§é»åºç¼ãç¾åå
¨åçºç¾å©å
è¯åç¾å
+(United States of
+America)ï¼å·ä¸¦éå家ä¸è¨çè¡æ¿åï¼èæ¯ç±çåæ¼åçåå·å
±åçµæä¸åè¯é¦å家ãè¥å°æå°ç¾è¡èºç£è¡æ¿é«ç³»ï¼åç´ç¥å¯æ¦èªªæ¯ãç´è½å¸ã縣å¸è¡æ¿åãï¼ä½ä»ææä¸åã</li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>è«ä¾ä¿¡å° <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>
è©¢åæéèªç±è»é«åºéæï¼FSFï¼å
+GNU çä¸è¬åé¡ï¼æè
<a href="/contact/">以å
¶ä»æ¹å¼</a>è¯çµ¡èªç±è»é«åºéæãè³æ¼ææ¯çé£çµåå
¶ä»ä¿®æ£å建è°ï¼å¯ä»¥å°ä¹å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+æååªåç¡æè½æä¾è²¼åãå質è¯åçç¿»è¯ãç¶èï¼æåç¡æ³åå
¨åç¾ï¼éè«å°ä½ çæè¦è©è¿°èä¸è¬å»ºè°å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+<p>è«åç
§ <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯è®æ
README</a>
+ä¾ç解å調åæ交æåç網é ç¿»è¯ç¸éäºå®ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é é¢æ¡ç¨<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>åµç¨ CC
+å§åæ¨ç¤º-ç¦æ¢æ¹ä½ 4.0 åé</a>æ¢æ¬¾çµ¦äºææ¬ã</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼é»æ諺 <a href="mailto:s8321414 (at) gmail (dot)
com"><s8321414
+(at) gmail (dot) com></a>, 2018.<br />
+<b>æ ¡å°</b>ï¼æ¾æ¿å <a href="mailto:zerngjia (at) gmail (dot)
com"><zerngjia
+(at) gmail (dot) com></a>, 2019.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+æ´æ°æé︰
+
+$Date: 2019/01/15 07:28:55 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html
diff -N po/government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/government-free-software.zh-tw-en.html 15 Jan 2019 07:28:55 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/government-free-software.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</h2>
+<h3>And why it is their duty to do so</h3>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>This article suggests policies for a strong and firm effort to promote
+free software within the state, and to lead the rest of the country
+towards software freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The mission of the state is to organize society for the freedom and
+well-being of the people. One aspect of this mission, in the
+computing field, is to encourage users to adopt free software:
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">software that respects the users'
+freedom</a>. A proprietary (non-free) program tramples the freedom of
+those that use it; it is a social problem that the state should work
+to eradicate.</p>
+
+<p>The state needs to insist on free software in its own computing for
+the sake of its computational sovereignty (the state's control over
+its own computing). All users deserve control over their computing,
+but the state has a responsibility to the people to maintain control
+over the computing it does on their behalf. Most government
+activities now depend on computing, and its control over those
+activities depends on its control over that computing. Losing this
+control in an agency whose mission is critical undermines national
+security.</p>
+
+<p>Moving state agencies to free software can also provide secondary
+benefits, such as saving money and encouraging local software support
+businesses.</p>
+
+<p>In this text, “state entities” refers to all levels of
government, and
+means public agencies including schools, public-private partnerships,
+largely state-funded activities such as charter schools, and
“private”
+corporations controlled by the state or established with special
+privileges or functions by the state.</p>
+
+<h3>Education</h3>
+<p>The most important policy concerns education, since that shapes
+the future of the country:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>Teach only free software</b><br />
+Educational activities, or at least those of state entities, must
+teach only free software (thus, they should never lead students to use
+a nonfree program), and should teach the civic reasons for insisting
+on free software. To teach a nonfree program is to teach dependence,
+which is contrary to the mission of the school.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>The State and the Public</h3>
+<p>Also crucial are state policies that influence what software
+individuals and organizations use:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>Never require nonfree programs</b><br />
+Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never
+require or pressure individuals or organizations to use a nonfree
+program. They should also discourage communication and publication
+practices that imply such consequences (including
+<a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm";>Digital
+Restrictions Management</a>).</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Distribute only free software</b><br />
+Whenever a state entity distributes software to the public,
+including programs included in or specified by its web pages, it must
+be distributed as free software, and must be capable of running on a
+platform containing exclusively free software.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>State web sites</b><br />
+State entity web sites and network services must be designed so
+that users can use them, without disadvantage, by means of free
+software exclusively.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Free formats and protocols</b><br />
+State entities must use only file formats and communication
+protocols that are well supported by free software, preferably with
+published specifications. (We do not state this in terms of
+“standards” because it should apply to nonstandardized interfaces
as
+well as standardized ones.) For example, they must not distribute
+audio or video recordings in formats that require Flash or nonfree
+codecs, and public libraries must not distribute works with Digital
+Restrictions Management.</p>
+
+<p>To support the policy of distributing publications and works in
+freedom-respecting formats, the state must insist that all reports
+developed for it be delivered in freedom-respecting formats.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Untie computers from licenses</b><br />
+Sale of computers must not require purchase of a proprietary
+software license. The seller should be required by law to offer the
+purchaser the option of buying the computer without the proprietary
+software and without paying the license fee.</p>
+<p>The imposed payment is a secondary wrong, and should not distract
+us from the essential injustice of proprietary software, the loss of
+freedom which results from using it. Nonetheless, the abuse of
+forcing users to pay for it gives certain proprietary software
+developers an additional unfair advantage, detrimental to users'
+freedom. It is proper for the state to prevent this abuse.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Computational Sovereignty</h3>
+<p>Several policies affect the computational sovereignty of the state.
+State entities must maintain control over their computing, not cede
+control to private hands. These points apply to all computers,
+including smartphones.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>Migrate to free software</b><br />
+State entities must migrate to free software, and must not install,
+or continue using, any nonfree software except under a temporary
+exception. Only one agency should have the authority to grant these
+temporary exceptions, and only when shown compelling reasons. This
+agency's goal should be to reduce the number of exceptions to zero.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Develop free IT solutions</b><br />
+When a state entity pays for development of a computing solution, the
+contract must require it be delivered as free software, and that it be
+designed such that one can both run it and develop it on a 100%-free
+environment. All contracts must require this, so that if the
+developer does not comply with these requirements, the work cannot be
+paid for.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Choose computers for free software</b><br />
+When a state entity buys or leases computers, it must choose among
+the models that come closest, in their class, to being capable of
+running without any proprietary software. The state should maintain,
+for each class of computers, a list of the models authorized based on
+this criterion. Models available to both the public and the state
+should be preferred to models available only to the state.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Negotiate with manufacturers</b><br />
+The state should negotiate actively with manufacturers to bring
+about the availability in the market (to the state and the public) of
+suitable hardware products, in all pertinent product areas, that
+require no proprietary software.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Unite with other states</b><br />
+The state should invite other states to negotiate collectively with
+manufacturers about suitable hardware products. Together they will
+have more clout.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Computational Sovereignty II</h3>
+<p>The computational sovereignty (and security) of the state includes
+control over the computers that do the state's work. This requires
+avoiding <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+Service as a Software Substitute</a>, unless the service is run by a state
+agency under the same branch of government, as well as other practices
+that diminish the state control over its computing. Therefore,</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>State must control its computers</b><br />
+Every computer that the state uses must belong to or be leased by
+the same branch of government that uses it, and that branch must not
+cede to outsiders the right to decide who has physical access to the
+computer, who can do maintenance (hardware or software) on it, or
+what software should be installed in it. If the computer is not
+portable, then while in use it must be in a physical space of which
+the state is the occupant (either as owner or as tenant).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Influence Development</h3>
+<p>State policy affects free and nonfree software development:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>Encourage free</b><br />
+The state should encourage developers to create or enhance free
+software and make it available to the public, e.g. by tax breaks
+and other financial incentive. Contrariwise, no such incentives
+should be granted for development, distribution or use of nonfree
+software.</p></li>
+
+<li><p><b>Don't encourage nonfree</b><br />
+In particular, proprietary software developers should not be able to
+“donate” copies to schools and claim a tax write-off for the
nominal
+value of the software. Proprietary software is not legitimate in a
+school.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>E-waste</h3>
+<p>Freedom should not imply e-waste:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p><b>Replaceable software</b><br />
+Many modern computers are designed to make it impossible to
+replace their preloaded software with free software. Thus, the only
+way to free them is to junk them. This practice is harmful to
+society.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, it should be illegal, or at least substantially
+discouraged through heavy taxation, to sell, import or distribute in
+quantity a new computer (that is, not second-hand) or computer-based
+product for which secrecy about hardware interfaces or intentional
+restrictions prevent users from developing, installing and using
+replacements for any and all of the installed software that the
+manufacturer could upgrade. This would apply, in particular, to any
+device on which <a
href="/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html">“jailbreaking”</a> is
needed to install a
+different operating system, or in which the interfaces for some
+peripherals are secret.
+</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Technological neutrality</h3>
+
+<p>With the measures in this article, the state can recover control
+over its computing, and lead the country's citizens, businesses and
+organizations towards control over their computing. However, some
+object on the grounds that this would violate the
+“principle” of technological neutrality.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of technological neutrality is that the state should not
+impose arbitrary preferences on technical choices. Whether that is a
+valid principle is disputable, but it is limited in any case to issues
+that are merely technical. The measures advocated here address issues
+of ethical, social and political importance, so they are
+<a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">outside the scope
+of <em>technological</em> neutrality</a>. Only those who wish to
+subjugate a country would suggest that its government be
+“neutral” about its sovereignty or its citizens' freedom.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2019/01/15 07:28:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy po/government-free-software.zh-t...,
GNUN <=