www/distros po/common-distros.translist po/comm...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     17/05/30 04:01:17

Modified files:
        distros/po     : common-distros.translist 
                         common-distros.zh-tw.po 
Added files:
        distros        : common-distros.zh-tw.html 
        distros/po     : common-distros.zh-tw-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/common-distros.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- po/common-distros.translist 18 May 2016 17:00:14 -0000      1.20
+++ po/common-distros.translist 30 May 2017 08:01:17 -0000      1.21
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ro" hreflang="ro" 
href="/distros/common-distros.ro.html">română</a>&nbsp;[ro]</span> &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/distros/common-distros.ru.html">русский</a>&nbsp;[ru]</span> 
&nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/distros/common-distros.uk.html">українська</a>&nbsp;[uk]</span>
 &nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</span> 
&nbsp;
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/distros/common-distros.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -35,4 +36,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" 
href="/distros/common-distros.ro.html" title="română" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/distros/common-distros.ru.html" title="русский" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/distros/common-distros.uk.html" title="українська" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/distros/common-distros.zh-tw.html" title="繁體中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: po/common-distros.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/common-distros.zh-tw.po  30 May 2017 07:28:49 -0000      1.1
+++ po/common-distros.zh-tw.po  30 May 2017 08:01:17 -0000      1.2
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
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-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-05-29 00:04+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-05-20 15:55+0000\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-05-30 08:35+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Cheng-Chia Tseng <address@hidden>\n"
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+"Language: zh_TW\n"
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@@ -565,8 +565,8 @@
 "translations of this article."
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"我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而，我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„è«‹å°‡ä½ 的意"
-"見評述與一般建議寄給 <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;www-"
-"address@hidden&gt;</a></p>\n"
+"見評述與一般建議寄給 <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a></p>\n"
 "<p>請參照 <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">翻譯讀我 "
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Index: common-distros.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: common-distros.zh-tw.html
diff -N common-distros.zh-tw.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ common-distros.zh-tw.html   30 May 2017 08:01:17 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/common-distros.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>解釋我們為何不讚許其他系統 - GNU 專案 - 
自由軟體基金會</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="自由的 GNU/Linux 散佈版"
+      href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
+      type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/common-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<h2>解釋我們為何不讚許其他系統</h2>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.zh-tw.html" -->
+<p>我們常被詢問為何我們不讚許某個系統—通常是廣受歡迎的
 GNU/Linux 散佈版。簡單扼要的答案是它們未遵守<a
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">自由的系統散佈版規則</a>。但å›
 ç‚ºæŸç³»çµ±ä¹‹æ‰€ä»¥æœªæ»¿è¶³è¦å‰‡è¦æ±‚çš„åŽŸå› 
並非都顯而易見，所以本表針對特定的知名非自由系統散佈版相關問題給予更多資訊。</p>
+
+<p>若想瞭解我們讚許的 GNU/Linux 系統，還請查看我們 <a 
href="/distros/free-distros.html">自由的
+GNU/Linux 散佈版</a> 列表。</p>
+
+<p>除非特別提出，否則所有本é 
ä¸­åˆ—出的散佈版都未滿足規則要求，尤其是以下兩者：</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>它們缺少 <em>僅只</em>
+收錄自由軟體、並且在發現非自由軟體時便將它移除的相關政策方針。它們之中的絕大多數完å
…
¨æ²’有寫出何種軟體可以接受、何種軟體不能接受的明確政策；而å
…·æœ‰ç›¸é—œæ”¿ç­–çš„æ•£ä½ˆç‰ˆå»åˆä¸å¹¸åœ°ä¸å¤ 嚴æ 
¼ï¼Œå¦‚後續解說。</p></li>
+<li><p>å®ƒå€‘æ‰€æ•£ä½ˆçš„å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒï¼ˆå¤§å¤šæ•¸æ¡ˆä¾‹è€Œè¨€æ˜¯ Linux）包
含沒有源始碼的「blob」目的碼部分，這些通常是用來運行某些裝置的韌體。</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>é€™è£¡æ ¹æ“šè‹±æ–‡å­—æ¯é †åºåˆ—å‡ºä¸€äº›å»£å—æ­¡è¿Žçš„éžè‡ªç”± GNU/Linux
+散佈版，並簡要解釋為何它們沒有達到要求。我們並不力求å
…§å®¹å®Œæ•´ç„¡ç¼ºï¼›ä¸€æ—¦æˆ‘å€‘çŸ¥é“ç„¡æ³•è®šè¨±æŸæ•£ä½ˆç‰ˆçš„ä¸€äº›åŽŸå› 
ä¹‹å¾Œï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘ä¾¿ä¸å†å°‡å…¶é¤˜çš„æ‰€æœ‰å› ç´ éƒ½æ‰¾å‡ºä¾†ã€‚
+</p>
+
+<p>在我們最近一次更新相關資訊後，可能有散佈版已有所改變也不一定；如果ä½
 認為我們所提及的某些問題已經修正，請<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>告訴我們</a>。一般而言，唯獨在散佈版的開發è€
…å‘æˆ‘å€‘å°‹æ±‚è®šè¨±çš„æƒ…æ³ä¸‹ï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘æ‰æœƒåŽ»ç ”ç©¶ä¸¦çµ¦äºˆè®šè¨±ã€‚</p>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list sorted, first with all the GNU systems 
+     alphabetically, then all the non-GNU systems alphabetically. -->
+<h3 id="Arch">Arch GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Arch 有常見的兩個問題：沒有清楚的政策表明可以包
å«æ€Žæ¨£çš„è»Ÿé«”ï¼Œè€Œä¸”å®ƒå€‘çš„å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒ Linux 中搭載非自由的 
blob。Arch
+ä¹Ÿæ²’æœ‰æ”¿ç­–è¡¨ç¤ºä¸é€éŽå…¶ä¸€èˆ¬é »é“æ•£ä½ˆéžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ã€‚</p>
+
+<h3 id="Canaima">Canaima</h3>
+
+<p>Canaima GNU/Linux 是個委內瑞拉政府製作用以分發電腦的 
GNU/Linux。雖然整體計畫令人欽佩，Canaima
+的缺陷是收錄非自由軟體。</p>
+
+<p>å®ƒçš„ä¸»è¦é¸å–®æœ‰å€‹ã€Œå®‰è£éžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ã€é¸é …
可安裝非自由的驅動程式（即使這些驅動程式沒有必
要）。該散佈版也為 Linux æ ¸å¿ƒæä¾›
+blob，還會邀請使用者安裝非自由的應用程式如 Flash 
Player。</p>
+
+<h3 id="CentOS">CentOS</h3>
+
+<p>我們尚未發現 CentOS é™¤äº†å…©é …å¸¸è¦‹å•é¡Œä¹‹å¤–çš„å…
¶ä»–問題：它缺少明確政策表明能收錄哪種軟體，而且內部æ 
¸å¿ƒ Linux 附有非自由的
+blob。當然，由於沒有穩固的政策反對非自由軟體，代表可能還有å
…¶ä»–我們漏掉的非自由軟體。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Debian">Debian GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Debian 的《社會契約 (Social Contarct)》中表明其目標在於使 
Debian 完全成為自由軟體，並且 Debian
+æœƒèªçœŸè² è²¬åœ°è®“éžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”é é›¢å®˜æ–¹ Debian 
系統。然而，Debian 卻也提供非自由軟體的軟體庫。æ 
¹æ“šè©²å°ˆæ¡ˆçš„說法，這些軟體「不是 Debian
+系統的一部分」，但是這個軟體庫卻由該專案中的許多主要伺服器代管，人們甚至可以隨意瀏覽
 Debian 的線上軟體包資料庫和其 wiki
+就輕鬆找到這些非自由軟體。</p>
+
+<p>此外還有一個「contrib」軟體庫，裡面的軟體包
雖然屬於自由軟體，但它們之中有些存在卻是為了載å…
¥å¦å¤–獨立散佈的專有程式。這也沒有從主要的 Debian
+散佈版中完全隔離開來。</p>
+
+<p>先前的 Debian ç™¼è¡Œç‰ˆä¸­ï¼Œå…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒ Linux 中包含非自由的 
blob。在2011年2月所發行的 Debian 6.0
+(&ldquo;squeeze&rdquo;) 之後，這些 blob
+已經從主要的散佈版中移出，以獨立的軟體包
放到非自由軟體庫中。然而，這個問題依然部分存在：某些æƒ
…
況下，安裝程式會為機器上的周邊設備推薦這些非自由的韌體檔案。</p>
+
+<p>Debian 的 wiki é é¢ä¸­è¼‰æœ‰å®‰è£éžè‡ªç”±éŸŒé«”çš„ç›¸é—œè³‡è¨Šã€‚</p>
+
+<!-- https://wiki.debian.org/ATIProprietary -->
+<h3 id="Fedora">Fedora</h3>
+
+<p>Fedora
+確實有清
楚的政策表明散佈版中可以收錄怎樣的軟體，而且似乎相當嚴æ
 ¼éµå®ˆã€‚該政策要求絕大多數的軟體與所有字型都必é 
ˆæŽ¡ç”¨è‡ªç”±çš„授權條款，但卻有個例外å…
è¨±æŸäº›éžè‡ªç”±éŸŒé«”。可惜的是，這條å…
è¨±è©²ç¨®éŸŒé«”的例外政策使得
+Fedora 無法滿足自由系統散佈版的規則。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Gentoo">Gentoo GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Gentoo 的主要軟體包
系統中含有許多用來安裝非自由程式的 recipe。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mandriva">Mandriva GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mandriva 
確實有政策宣明主要系統中可以收錄什麼軟體。它的政策係æ 
¹æ“š Fedora
+而來，這代表它也å…
è¨±æ”¶éŒ„特定類型的非自由韌體。除此之外，它還å…
è¨±æ”¶éŒ„採用原始 Artistic License 
授權的軟體，即使那是種非自由軟體授權。</p>
+
+<p>Mandriva 也透過專用的軟體庫提供非自由軟體。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mint">Mint GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mint æ²’æœ‰åå°æ”¶éŒ„éžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”çš„æ”¿ç­–ï¼Œå®ƒçš„å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒæ‰€åŒ…
的驅動程式中含有非自由的二進位
+blob，而它的軟體庫中更包含非自由的程式。更甚者，它還包
含專有的編解碼器。</p>
+
+<h3 id="openSUSE">openSUSE</h3>
+
+<p>openSUSE 
有提供非自由軟體的軟體庫。這個例子正好指出為何 <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">「開放 (open) 
不如「自由
+(free)」</a>。</p>
+
+<h3 id="RedHat">Red Hat GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Red Hat çš„ä¼æ¥­ç´šæ•£ä½ˆç‰ˆæ ¹æœ¬ä¸Šéµå¾ªå’Œ Fedora 
ç›¸åŒçš„æŽˆæ¬Šæ”¿ç­–ï¼ŒåŒæ¨£å…·æœ‰ä¸€æ¢ä¾‹å¤–ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œæˆ‘å€‘åŸºæ–¼<a
+href="#Fedora">ç›¸åŒåŽŸå› </a>不讚許它。除此之外，Red Hat
+對於該系統透過補充性軟體散佈é 
»é“取得非自由軟體的行為沒有對應的反制政策。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Slackware">Slackware</h3>
+
+<p>Slackware æœ‰å…©é …å¸¸è¦‹å•é¡Œï¼šæ²’æœ‰æ˜Žç¢ºæ”¿ç­–è¡¨ç¤ºå¯ä»¥åŒ…
å«ä½•ç¨®è»Ÿé«”ï¼Œè€Œä¸”å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒ Linux 中亦包含非自由的 
blob。它也附帶非自由的影像檢視程式
+xv。理所當然，只要沒有穩固的政策反對非自由軟體，代表更多非自由的程式將隨時進å
…¥é€™å¥—系統中。這裡有一份非官方的 Slackware <a
+href="http://freeslack.net/";>非自由軟體列表</a>。</p>
+
+<h3 id="SteamOS">SteamOS</h3>
+
+<p>SteamOS，一套由 Valve 散佈的 GNU/Linux 版本。它å…
§å«å°ˆæœ‰è»Ÿé«”，包括 Steam 客戶端和專有驅動程式。Steam 利用 <a
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm";>數位限制管理 (DRM, 
Digital
+Restrictions Management)</a> 對它所散佈的軟體、以及 Steam 
å•†åº—ä¸ŠæŽ¨éŠ·çš„å°ˆæœ‰è»Ÿé«”æ–½åŠ é™åˆ¶ã€‚</p>
+
+<h3 id="SUSE">SUSE GNU/Linux Enterprise</h3>
+
+<p>除了常見的兩大問題外，SUSE 的官方 FTP 
站上還能下載許多非自由軟體。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Tails">Tails</h3>
+
+<p>Tails 使用原版的 Linux，而這包含非自由的韌體 blob。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Ubuntu">Ubuntu GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Ubuntu 提供非自由軟體的專用軟體庫，而且 Canonical 
擺明在採用 Ubuntu 名號的軟體散佈é 
»é“中宣傳並推薦非自由軟體。Ubuntu
+æä¾›é¸é …å”¯ç¨å®‰è£è‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ï¼ŒåéŽä¾†èªªå®ƒä¹Ÿæä¾›é¸é …
安裝非自由軟體。此外，Ubuntu 所包含的 Linux 內部æ 
¸å¿ƒç‰ˆæœ¬ä¸­äº¦å«æœ‰éŸŒé«” blob。</p>
+
+<p>「Ubuntu 
軟體中心」裡將專有軟體和自由軟體混雜在一塊。這導致<a
+href="http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/ubuntu_software_center_proprietary_and_free_software_mixed_confusing_ui";>很難分辨哪些是自由軟體</a>，å›
 為英文介面中免費提供下載的專有程式也使用「free」一詞
+<a href="#trans1">[按1]</a>。</p>
+
+<p>Ubuntu <a
+href="http://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/intellectual-property-policy#your-use-of-ubuntu";>似乎å
…è¨±å•†æ¥­æ€§å†æ•£ä½ˆé™„帶商標的完å…
¨ç›¸åŒå‰¯æœ¬</a>；唯有修改過的版本需要移除該å…
¬å¸çš„商標。這對於商標而言是個可接受的政策。該é 
é¢ç•¶ä¸­å†ç¹¼çºŒå¾€ä¸‹ï¼Œå¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°æœ‰é—œã€ŒUbuntu
+å°ˆåˆ©ã€çš„æ¨¡ç³Šã€ä¸ç†æƒ³è«–è¿°ï¼Œæ²’æœ‰çµ¦äºˆè¶³å¤ æ¸…
晰的細節表明何謂侵犯專利或未侵犯。</p>
+
+<p>è©²é é¢ä½¿ç”¨ä»¤äººèª¤è§£çš„<a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">「智æ…
§è²¡ç”¢æ¬Šã€</a>詞語散播混淆，該詞語錯誤假定商標法、專利法和許多å
…¶ä»–æ³•å¾‹éƒ½è½åœ¨åŒå€‹å–®ä¸€æ¦‚å¿µæ€§æ¡†æž¶ä¸‹ã€‚è©²è©žèªžçš„ä½¿ç”¨é€ 
成傷害，毫無例外，所以在引用å…
¶ä»–人如何使用該詞語之外，我們自身必
當拒絕使用。不過，對
+Ubuntu 作為 GNU/Linux 
散佈版這件事而言，那並非實質的重大問題。</p>
+
+<h2>一些其他散佈版</h2>
+
+<p>這裡我們討論一些著名或重要的非 GNU/Linux 
系統散佈版，它們也不屬於自由之列。</p>
+
+<h3 id="BSD">BSD 系統</h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD、NetBSD 和 OpenBSD 的 ports 系統中皆包
å«éžè‡ªç”±ç¨‹å¼çš„ç²å–æŒ‡ç¤ºã€‚æ­¤å¤–ï¼Œå®ƒå€‘çš„å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒä¹ŸåŒ…
含非自由的韌體 blob。</p>
+
+<p>Linux é€™å€‹å…§éƒ¨æ ¸å¿ƒï¼Œå®ƒæ‰€æ­é…
ä½¿ç”¨çš„非自由韌體程式稱為「blob」，這是我們使用該詞語的語境。至於
 BSD
+的說法中，「blob」代表的是別的東西：非自由的驅
動程式。OpenBSD 和也許還有其他的 BSD 散佈版（BSD
+開發者的說法則稱為「專案」）å…
·æœ‰ç›¸é—œæ”¿ç­–不收錄那類程式。對於驅
動程式的範疇而言，那是正確的政策；但是當這群開發者
說這些散佈版「不包含
+blob」時就會導致誤解。他們所講的不是韌體 blob。</p>
+
+<p>任何的 BSD 
散佈版都沒有政策反對專有授權的獨有二進位韌體，而這些韌體甚至可能被自由的é©
…動程式載入。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Haiku">Haiku</h3>
+
+<p>Haiku åŒ…å«ä¸€äº›ä¸å…è¨±ä½ ä¿®æ”¹çš„è»Ÿé«”ã€‚å®ƒä¹ŸåŒ…
含非自由的韌體 blob。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Android">Android</h3>
+
+<p>Google 所發行的 <a 
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">Android</a>
+當中有許多非自由的部分，和許多自由的部分。絕大多數的自由部分採用聽從式
 (pushover) 授權 (非<a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">著作傳</a>式)，這樣一來在產品中散佈
 Android
+çš„è£½é€ å•†æœ‰æ™‚å°±æœƒå°‡é€™äº›éƒ¨åˆ†è½‰ç‚ºéžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”ã€‚</p>
+
+<h3 id="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</h3>
+
+<p>這是包含非自由函式庫的 Android 
修改版。它也有解說如何安裝 Google 隨同 Android 
散佈的非自由應用程式。</p>
+
+<h3 id="ReactOS">ReactOS</h3>
+
+<p>ReactOS 是要作為 Windows 
的自由二進位相容替代品。使用那些為 Windows 
特意設計的專有軟體和驅
動程式是該專案所宣明的目標之一。</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<b>譯者按︰</b>
+<ol><li id="trans1">ä¸­æ–‡è®€è€…ä¹Ÿè¨±æœƒè¦ºå¾—é€™èªžå¥å¾ˆæ€ªï¼Œå› 
為英文的 Free
+有「自由」及「免費」兩個意思，所以作者
要求特別區分，以正視聽。</li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>請來信到 <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a> 
詢問有關自由軟體基金會（FSF）和
+GNU 的一般問題；或者<a href="/contact/">以å…
¶ä»–方式</a>聯絡自由軟體基金會。至於損毀的連結及å…
¶ä»–修正和建議，可以將之寄給 <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而，我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„è«‹å°‡ä½ 的意見評述與一般建議寄給 <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a></p>
+<p>請參照 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻譯讀我 
README</a>
+ä¾†çž­è§£å”èª¿å’Œæäº¤æˆ‘å€‘çš„ç¶²é ç¿»è­¯ç›¸é—œäº‹å®œã€‚</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>æœ¬é é¢æŽ¡ç”¨<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>創用 CC
+授權姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 國際</a>條款給予授權。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻譯</b>：曾政嘉
+<a href="mailto:zerngjia At member.fsf.org">zerngjia At member.fsf.org</a>,
+2017.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+更新時間︰
+
+$Date: 2017/05/30 08:01:17 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/common-distros.zh-tw-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/common-distros.zh-tw-en.html
diff -N po/common-distros.zh-tw-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/common-distros.zh-tw-en.html     30 May 2017 08:01:17 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems - GNU Project - Free 
Software Foundation</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
+      href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
+      type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/common-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
+
+<p>We're often asked why we don't endorse a particular
+system&mdash;usually a popular GNU/Linux distribution.  The short
+answer to that question is that they don't follow
+the <a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">free
+system distribution guidelines</a>.  But since it isn't always obvious
+how a particular system fails to follow the guidelines, this list
+gives more information about the problems of certain well-known
+nonfree system distros.</p>
+
+<p>To learn more about the GNU/Linux systems that we do endorse, check
+out our list of <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">free GNU/Linux
+distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Except where noted, all of the distributions listed on this page
+fail to follow the guidelines in at least two important ways:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>They do not have a policy of <em>only</em> including free
+software, and removing nonfree software if it is discovered.  Most of
+them have no clear policy on what software they'll accept or reject at
+all.  The distributions that do have a policy unfortunately aren't
+strict enough, as explained below.</p></li>
+<li><p>The kernel that they distribute (in most cases, Linux) includes
+&ldquo;blobs&rdquo;: pieces of object code distributed without source,
+usually firmware to run some device.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Here is a list of some popular nonfree GNU/Linux distributions in
+alphabetical order, with brief notes about how they fall short.  We do
+not aim for completeness; once we know some reasons we can't endorse a
+certain distro, we do not keep looking for all the reasons.
+</p>
+
+<p>A distro may have changed since we last updated information about
+it; if you think one of the problems mentioned here has been
+corrected, please <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>let us know</a>.
+However, we will study and endorse a distro only if its developers ask
+for our endorsement.</p>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list sorted, first with all the GNU systems 
+     alphabetically, then all the non-GNU systems alphabetically. -->
+
+<h3 id="Arch">Arch GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Arch has the two usual problems: there's no clear policy
+about what software can be included, and nonfree blobs are shipped with
+their kernel, Linux.  Arch also has no policy about not distributing
+nonfree software through their normal channels.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Canaima">Canaima</h3>
+
+<p>Canaima GNU/Linux is a distribution made by Venezuela's government
+to distribute computers with GNU/Linux.  While the overall plan is
+admirable, Canaima is flawed by the inclusion of nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>Its main menu has an option, &ldquo;Install nonfree
+software&rdquo;, which installs all the nonfree drivers (even the
+ones that are not necessary). The distro also provides blobs for the
+kernel, Linux, and invites installing nonfree applications including
+Flash Player.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CentOS">CentOS</h3>
+
+<p>We're not aware of problems in CentOS aside from the two usual ones:
+there's no clear policy about what software can be included,
+and nonfree blobs are shipped with Linux, the kernel.  Of course, with
+no firm policy in place, there might be other nonfree software
+included that we missed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Debian">Debian GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Debian's Social Contract states the goal of making Debian entirely
+free software, and Debian conscientiously keeps nonfree software out
+of the official Debian system.  However, Debian also provides a
+repository of nonfree software.  According to the project, this
+software is &ldquo;not part of the Debian system,&rdquo; but the
+repository is hosted on many of the project's main servers, and people
+can readily find these nonfree packages by browsing Debian's
+online package database and its wiki.</p>
+
+<p>There is also a &ldquo;contrib&rdquo; repository; its packages are
+free, but some of them exist to load separately distributed
+proprietary programs.  This too is not thoroughly separated from the
+main Debian distribution.</p>
+
+<p>Previous releases of Debian included nonfree blobs with Linux, the
+kernel.  With the release of Debian 6.0 (&ldquo;squeeze&rdquo;) in
+February 2011, these blobs have been moved out of the main
+distribution to separate packages in the nonfree repository.  However,
+the problem partly remains: the installer in some cases recommends
+these nonfree firmware files for the peripherals on the machine.</p>
+
+<p>Debian's wiki includes pages about installing nonfree firmware.</p>
+<!-- https://wiki.debian.org/ATIProprietary -->
+
+<h3 id="Fedora">Fedora</h3>
+
+<p>Fedora does have a clear policy about what can be included in the
+distribution, and it seems to be followed carefully.  The policy
+requires that most software and all fonts be available under a free
+license, but makes an exception for certain kinds of nonfree firmware.
+Unfortunately, the decision to allow that firmware in the policy keeps
+Fedora from meeting the free system distribution guidelines.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Gentoo">Gentoo GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Gentoo includes installation recipes for a number of nonfree
+programs in its primary package system.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mandriva">Mandriva GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mandriva does have a stated policy about what can be included in the
+main system.  It's based on Fedora's, which means that it also allows
+certain kinds of nonfree firmware to be included.  On top of that, it
+permits software released under the original Artistic License to be
+included, even though that's a nonfree license.</p>
+
+<p>Mandriva also provides nonfree software through dedicated
+repositories.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mint">Mint GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mint does not have a policy against including nonfree software, it
+includes nonfree binary blobs in drivers packaged with the kernel, and
+it includes nonfree programs in its repositories.  It even includes
+proprietary codecs.</p>
+
+<h3 id="openSUSE">openSUSE</h3>
+
+<p>openSUSE offers a repository of nonfree software.  This is an
+instance of
+how <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+&ldquo;open&rdquo; is weaker than &ldquo;free&rdquo;</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="RedHat">Red Hat GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Red Hat's enterprise distribution primarily follows the same
+licensing policies as Fedora, with one exception.  Thus, we don't
+endorse it for <a href="#Fedora">the same reasons</a>.  In addition to
+those, Red Hat has no policy against making nonfree software available
+for the system through supplementary distribution channels.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Slackware">Slackware</h3>
+
+<p>Slackware has the two usual problems: there's no clear policy about
+what software can be included, and nonfree blobs are included in
+Linux, the kernel.  It also ships with the nonfree image-viewing
+program xv.  Of course, with no firm policy against them, more nonfree
+programs could get in at any time.  There is an
+<a href="http://freeslack.net/";>unofficial list</a> of nonfree software
+in Slackware.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SteamOS">SteamOS</h3>
+
+<p>SteamOS, a version of GNU/Linux to be distributed by Valve. It
+contains proprietary software, including the Steam client and
+proprietary drivers. Steam uses <a
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm";>Digital
+Restrictions Management (DRM)</a> to impose restrictions on the
+software it distributes, as well as on the proprietary software it
+promotes via the Steam store.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SUSE">SUSE GNU/Linux Enterprise</h3>
+
+<p>In addition to the usual two problems, several nonfree software
+programs are available for download from SUSE's official FTP site.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Tails">Tails</h3>
+
+<p>Tails uses the vanilla version of Linux, which contains nonfree
+firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Ubuntu">Ubuntu GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Ubuntu provides specific repositories of nonfree software, and
+Canonical expressly promotes and recommends nonfree software under the
+Ubuntu name in some of their distribution channels.  Ubuntu offers the
+option to install only free packages, which means it also offers the
+option to install nonfree packages too.  In addition, the version of
+Linux, the kernel, included in Ubuntu contains firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>The &ldquo;Ubuntu Software Center&rdquo; lists proprietary programs
+and free programs jumbled together.  It
+is <a 
href="http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/ubuntu_software_center_proprietary_and_free_software_mixed_confusing_ui";>hard
+to tell which ones are free</a> since proprietary programs for
+download at no charge are labelled &ldquo;free&rdquo;.</p>
+
+<p>Ubuntu <a 
href="http://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/intellectual-property-policy#your-use-of-ubuntu";>appears
+to permit commercial redistribution of exact copies with the
+trademarks</a>; removal of the trademarks is required only for
+modified versions.  That is an acceptable policy for trademarks.  The
+same page, further down, makes a vague and ominous statement about
+&ldquo;Ubuntu patents,&rdquo; without giving enough details to show
+whether that constitutes aggression or not.</p>
+
+<p>That page spreads confusion by using the misleading
+term <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">&ldquo;intellectual property
+rights&rdquo;</a>, which falsely presumes that trademark law and patent law
+and several other laws belong in one single conceptual framework.  Use
+of that term is harmful, without exception, so after making a
+reference to someone else's use of the term, we should always reject
+it.  However, that is not a substantive issue about Ubuntu as a
+GNU/Linux distribution.</p>
+
+<h2>Some Other Distros</h2>
+
+<p>Here we discuss some well-known or significant non-GNU/Linux system
+distros that do not qualify as free.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BSD">BSD systems</h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD all include instructions for obtaining
+nonfree programs in their ports system.  In addition, their kernels
+include nonfree firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>Nonfree firmware programs used with Linux, the kernel, are called
+&ldquo;blobs&rdquo;, and that's how we use the term.  In BSD parlance,
+the term &ldquo;blob&rdquo; means something else: a nonfree driver.
+OpenBSD and perhaps other BSD distributions (called &ldquo;projects&rdquo; by 
BSD
+developers) have the policy of not including those.  That is the right 
+policy, as regards drivers; but when the developers say these distributions 
+&ldquo;contain no blobs&rdquo;, it causes a misunderstanding.  They are not 
+talking about firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>No BSD distribution has policies against proprietary binary-only
+firmware that might be loaded even by free drivers.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Haiku">Haiku</h3>
+
+<p>Haiku includes some software that you're not allowed to modify.  It
+also includes nonfree firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Android">Android</h3>
+
+<p><a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">Android</a> as
+released by Google contains many nonfree parts as well as many free
+parts.  Most of the free parts are covered by a pushover license (not
+<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>), so manufacturers that
+distribute Android in a product sometimes make those parts nonfree as
+well.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</h3>
+
+<p>This modified version of Android contains nonfree libraries.
+It also explains how to install the nonfree applications that Google
+distributes with Android.</p>
+
+<h3 id="ReactOS">ReactOS</h3>
+
+<p>ReactOS is meant as a free binary compatible replacement for
+Windows.  Use with proprietary software and drivers meant for Windows
+is one of the stated goals of the project.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2017/05/30 08:01:17 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>