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www/philosophy/po rms-patents.ru.po
From: |
Pavel Kharitonov |
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po rms-patents.ru.po |
Date: |
Fri, 3 Feb 2017 02:45:17 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Pavel Kharitonov <ineiev> 17/02/03 02:45:16
Added files:
philosophy/po : rms-patents.ru.po
Log message:
New translation.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/rms-patents.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: rms-patents.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-patents.ru.po
diff -N rms-patents.ru.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-patents.ru.po 3 Feb 2017 07:45:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+# Russian translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-patents.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2016, 2017
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-patents.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-09-10 18:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-01-31 08:38+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Solutions to the Software Patent Problem - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"РеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного "
+"пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Solutions to the Software Patent Problem"
+msgstr "РеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на
пÑогÑаммÑ"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Speech given at the Locatelli Center, Santa Clara University, in "
+"November 2012</em> (<a href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/video/keynote-what-"
+"is-the-problem.webm\">video</a>, <a href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/video/"
+"#2012\">metadata</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ÐÑÑÑÑпление в ÑенÑÑе ÐокаÑелли,
УнивеÑÑиÑÐµÑ Ð¡Ð°Ð½Ñа-ÐлаÑÑ, ноÑбÑÑ "
+"2012 года</em> (<a
href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/video/keynote-what-is-"
+"the-problem.webm\"> видеозапиÑÑ</a>,<a
href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/video/"
+"#2012\">меÑаданнÑе</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>Andrew Chen:</b> Thank you, Eric."
+msgstr "<b>ÐндÑÑ Ð§ÐµÐ½</b>. СпаÑибо, ÐÑик."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"My name is Andrew Chen. I teach patent law at the University of North "
+"Carolina, and I had a previous life as a Computer Science professor."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÐндÑÑ Ð§ÐµÐ½. Я пÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑное
пÑаво в УнивеÑÑиÑеÑе СевеÑной "
+"ÐаÑолинÑ, а в пÑоÑлой жизни Ñ Ð±Ñл
пÑоÑеÑÑоÑом инÑоÑмаÑики."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I have the easiest job today, which is introducing two men who need no "
+"introduction. Richard Stallman, we know, is the founder of the free "
+"software movement, co-founder of the League for Programming Freedom, lead "
+"software architect for the GNU Project and author of Emacs, which he's "
+"described as a text editor and also a way of life. Something that I can "
+"agree with, having written my doctoral dissertation using his program."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑабоÑа ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑа:
пÑедÑÑавиÑÑ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ
лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе в "
+"пÑедÑÑавлении не нÑждаÑÑÑÑ. РиÑаÑд
СÑолмен, как извеÑÑно,— оÑноваÑÐµÐ»Ñ "
+"Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
ÑооÑноваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ðиги за ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, ведÑÑий
пÑогÑаммиÑÑ-кооÑдинаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU и авÑоÑ
Emacs, "
+"коÑоÑÑй он назÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑекÑÑовÑм ÑедакÑоÑом
и обÑазом жизни. С ÑÑим Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ "
+"ÑоглаÑиÑÑÑÑ, поÑле Ñого как напиÑал Ñ
помоÑÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑеÑÑаÑиÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dr Stallman has decided not to participate in the live streaming facility "
+"for today. He explains that use of the streaming online would require use "
+"of the Microsoft Silverlight plugin, which would pressure people to use "
+"proprietary software. Dr Stallman considers it wrong to pressure people to "
+"do that. He would like you to know that he plans to make a recording of his "
+"presentation available at a later time in either the Ogg Theora or WebM "
+"formats."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен ÑеÑил не пÑинимаÑÑ ÑегоднÑ
ÑÑаÑÑие в пÑÑмой ÑÑанÑлÑÑии. Ðн "
+"обÑÑÑнÑÐµÑ ÑÑо Ñем, ÑÑо пÑÑÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑанÑлÑÑиÑ
поÑÑебовала Ð±Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ»Ñ "
+"Microsoft Silverlight, ÑÑо пÑинÑждало Ð±Ñ Ð»Ñдей
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми "
+"пÑогÑаммами. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен ÑÑиÑаеÑ, ÑÑо
Ñак поÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ. Ðн Ñ
оÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ "
+"ÑообÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо он планиÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑбликоваÑÑ
впоÑледÑÑвии запиÑÑ Ñвоего "
+"вÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑоÑмаÑе Ogg Theora или WebM."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Dr Stallman."
+msgstr "ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑд СÑолмен."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "[applause]"
+msgstr "[аплодиÑменÑÑ]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>Richard Stallman:</b> Can the tech people please confirm that the "
+"streaming is off?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</b>. ÐÑÑÑÑ ÑеÑ
ники
подÑвеÑдÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, ÑÑо ÑÑанÑлÑÑÐ¸Ñ "
+"вÑклÑÑена."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "OK, I think that's confirmation."
+msgstr "Так, навеÑное, ÑÑо подÑвеÑждение."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, why are software patents bad? Or, “computational idea "
+"patents” as I think we should really call them, because each one is a "
+"monopoly on a computational idea. Most people, when you say “software "
+"patents,” they think it's a question of patenting a specific program. "
+"I'm sure all of you know that that's not what those patents do, but most "
+"people don't know that, so, to try to avoid misleading people, I call them "
+"“computational idea patents.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, Ñем плоÑ
и паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ? Я
дÑмаÑ, на Ñамом деле иÑ
надо "
+"назÑваÑÑ “паÑенÑами на вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе
идеи”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо каждÑй "
+"из ниÑ
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ. Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе "
+"“паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммє, болÑÑинÑÑво
лÑдей дÑмаеÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ "
+"паÑенÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑной пÑогÑаммÑ. Я
ÑвеÑен, вÑе Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑе, ÑÑо ÑÑо не Ñак, "
+"но болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей ÑÑого не знаеÑ, Ñак
ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ вводиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей в "
+"заблÑждение и назÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñ
“паÑенÑами на
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе идеи”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, anyway, the reason these are bad is that they deny people the freedom to "
+"use their computers as they wish and do their computing as they wish, "
+"freedom that everyone must have. These patents put all software developers "
+"in danger, and their users as well. A danger that there is no reason we "
+"should stand for. So: we should protect software from patents. Software "
+"needs patent protection: protection from patents."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðак Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло, пÑиÑина, по коÑоÑой они
плоÑ
и, ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо они "
+"оÑказÑваÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑм в Ñвободе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
Ñвоими компÑÑÑеÑами, как им Ñгодно, "
+"Ñвободе, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾.
ÐÑи паÑенÑÑ ÑоздаÑÑ ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ Ð²Ñем "
+"ÑазÑабоÑÑикам пÑогÑамм, а Ñакже иÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм. УгÑозÑ, в коÑоÑой Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ "
+"Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ необÑ
одимоÑÑи. ÐÑак, Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
заÑиÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов. "
+"ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÑждаÑÑÑÑ Ð² паÑенÑной заÑиÑе:
заÑиÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But most people don't know enough about what patents do to appreciate why "
+"patents that can restrict software are so harmful. Most people think that "
+"patents are like copyrights, which is not true at all. The sum total of "
+"what they have in common is one sentence in the Constitution, and that "
+"similarity is so little and abstract it has nothing to do with the practical "
+"effects."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей ÑлиÑком мало знаÑÑ Ð¾
Ñом, ÑÑо делаÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
+"ÑознаваÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ
огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, Ñак вÑеднÑ. "
+"ÐолÑÑинÑÑво дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо паÑенÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ
ожи на
авÑоÑÑкие пÑава, а ÑÑо ÑовÑем не "
+"веÑно. ÐÑе, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ñего,
вÑÑажаеÑÑÑ Ð² одном пÑедложении из "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑии СШÐ, ÑÑо ÑÑ
одÑÑво наÑÑолÑко
мало и абÑÑÑакÑно, ÑÑо на пÑакÑике "
+"оно никак не ÑказÑваеÑÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the last thing we should ever do is use the term “intellectual "
+"property” that confuses not just these two laws, but a bunch of other "
+"unrelated, disparate laws, that don't even share one sentence in the "
+"Constitution with those two. So that term spreads confusion whenever it's "
+"used and about eight years ago I decided I should never use it and I have "
+"never used it since then. It's surprisingly easy to avoid, because in "
+"general there's no reason whatsoever to use it except that it's chic. And "
+"once you learn to resist that, it's as easy as pie, just talk about one law, "
+"and then you call that law by its name, and you're making a coherent, clear "
+"statement."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, нам ни в коем ÑлÑÑае не ÑледÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑажением “"
+"инÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ”: оно
ÑмеÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко два ÑÑиÑ
"
+"Ñаздела пÑава, но кÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
не ÑвÑзаннÑÑ
дÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом, ÑазделÑнÑÑ
"
+"законов, к коÑоÑÑм не оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ Ñо
единÑÑвенное пÑедложение из "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑии СШÐ. Так ÑÑо ÑÑо вÑÑажение
вноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаниÑÑ Ð²ÑÑкий Ñаз, когда его "
+"ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ, и около воÑÑми Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ Ñ
ÑеÑил, ÑÑо никогда не должен его "
+"ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ, и Ñ ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ никогда не
ÑпоÑÑеблÑл. ÐзбегаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ "
+"неожиданно легко, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо в Ñелом оно
нÑжно ÑолÑко Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑаÑона. Ркогда Ð²Ñ "
+"пÑиÑÑилиÑÑ ÑопÑоÑивлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑомÑ, ÑÑо
пÑоÑе паÑеной ÑепÑ: пÑоÑÑо говоÑиÑе об "
+"одном законе, назÑвайÑе ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ его
именем, и Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑÑ ÑвÑзное, "
+"понÑÑное ÑÑвеÑждение."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, I have to explain to people what patents do, and show them that it's not "
+"at all like what copyrights do. An analogy is a good way to do this. What "
+"can you say about programs? Well, they're large works, full of details that "
+"all have to work together to get the desired result. Well, what else is "
+"there like that? A novel, or a symphony."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, мне нÑжно обÑÑÑниÑÑ, ÑÑо делаÑÑ
паÑенÑÑ, и показаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑовÑем не "
+"поÑ
оже на дейÑÑвие авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав. ÐлÑ
ÑÑого Ñ
оÑоÑа аналогиÑ. ЧÑо можно "
+"ÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ пÑогÑаммаÑ
? ÐÑ, ÑÑо кÑÑпнÑе
пÑоизведениÑ, полнÑе деÑалей, коÑоÑÑе "
+"Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑалÑÑ
желаемÑй ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ. Ðадно, на ÑÑо "
+"еÑе ÑÑо поÑ
оже? Ðа Ñоман или ÑимÑониÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, imagine if the governments of Europe in the 1700s had had the cockeyed "
+"idea of promoting the progress of symphonic music with a system of “"
+"musical idea patents.” So, any musical idea statable in words could "
+"have been patented. A melodic motif could have been patented, or a series "
+"of chords, or a rhythmic pattern, or a pattern of repetitions in a movement, "
+"or the use of certain instruments while the rest of the orchestra is silent "
+"and a bunch of other musical ideas that I can't think of, but maybe a "
+"composer would."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, пÑедÑÑавим, ÑÑо гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва ÐвÑÐ¾Ð¿Ñ Ð²
XVIII веке вÑпеÑÑовали Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ "
+"ÑодейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑеÑÑÑ ÑимÑониÑеÑкой
мÑзÑки поÑÑедÑÑвом ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “"
+"паÑенÑов на мÑзÑкалÑнÑе идеи”. ÐÑак,
лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÑзÑкалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ, вÑÑÐ°Ð·Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ "
+"Ñловами, могла Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑована.
ÐапаÑенÑоваÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ñив "
+"мелодии, поÑледоваÑелÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ñ,
ÑиÑмиÑеÑкÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð²Ñ, обÑÐ°Ð·ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑоÑений в "
+"движении, пÑименение опÑеделеннÑÑ
инÑÑÑÑменÑов в Ñо вÑемÑ, как оÑÑалÑной "
+"оÑкеÑÑÑ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÐµÑ ÑиÑинÑ, и кÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
мÑзÑкалÑнÑÑ
идей, коÑоÑÑе Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ в "
+"голове не ÑкладÑваÑÑÑÑ, но композиÑоÑ,
возможно, мог Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
оÑознаÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, now imagine it's 1800 and you're Beethoven and you want to write a "
+"symphony. You're going to find that it's harder to write a symphony that "
+"you don't get sued for than to write a good symphony. Now, you'd probably "
+"have complained, and the patent holders would have said “Oh, "
+"Beethoven, you're just jealous because we had these ideas before you. Why "
+"don't you go think of some ideas of your own?”"
+msgstr ""
+"Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавÑÑе Ñебе, ÑÑо ÑейÑаÑ
XIX век, а Ð²Ñ —ÐеÑÑ
овен. "
+"ÐÑ Ñ
оÑиÑе напиÑаÑÑ ÑимÑониÑ. ÐÑ
обнаÑÑжиÑе, ÑÑо напиÑаÑÑ ÑимÑониÑ, за "
+"коÑоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ подадÑÑ Ð² ÑÑд, ÑÑÑднее,
Ñем напиÑаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑÑÑ ÑимÑониÑ. ТÑÑ "
+"вÑ, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, ÑÑали Ð±Ñ Ð¶Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ, а
пÑавообладаÑели паÑенÑов оÑвеÑали бÑ: "
+"“ÐÑ
, ÐеÑÑ
овен, ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо завидÑеÑÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑи идеи "
+"поÑвилиÑÑ ÑанÑÑе, Ñем Ñ ÑебÑ. ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñ
Ñебе не вÑдÑмаÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ñвое?"
+"”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Beethoven is considered a great composer because he had lots of "
+"new ideas, and not only that, he knew how to use them effectively. And that "
+"is: combined with lots of familiar ideas, so that his pieces were merely "
+"shocking for a while, but people could get used to them. They were not so "
+"alien and incomprehensible that they got rejected. They shocked people for "
+"a while, people got used to them, and now we don't see what's shocking any "
+"more, because we're used to those ideas. Well, that's the proof that he "
+"used those ideas well."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐонеÑно, ÐеÑÑ
овен ÑÑиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¼
композиÑоÑом поÑомÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ бÑла "
+"маÑÑа новÑÑ
идей, и не ÑолÑко поÑÑомÑ: он
знал, как ими маÑÑеÑÑки "
+"полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ. Ð ÑÑом-Ñо и дело: комбинаÑии
Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑвом знакомÑÑ
идей, Ñак "
+"ÑÑо его ÑабоÑÑ ÑпеÑва оÑеломлÑли, но лÑди
могли к ним пÑивÑкнÑÑÑ. Ðни не "
+"звÑÑали наÑÑолÑко ÑÑждо и непонÑÑно,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
оÑвеÑгали. Ðакое-Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ "
+"оÑеломлÑли, поÑом к ним пÑивÑкали, а
ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ видим в ниÑ
Ñего-Ñо из "
+"ÑÑда вон вÑÑ
одÑÑего, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо мÑ
пÑивÑкли к ÑÑим идеÑм. Так воÑ, ÑÑо "
+"доказÑваеÑ, ÑÑо он пÑименÑл ÑÑи идеи Ñ
оÑоÑо."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, the idea that anyone could, or should have to, reinvent music from zero, "
+"is absurd. Not even a Beethoven could do that, and it would be silly to ask "
+"someone to try. It's the same with computing. Just as a symphony "
+"implements many musical ideas together, but the hard part is not picking a "
+"bunch of ideas. The hard part is implementing them together with notes. "
+"It's the same with software. A large program will implement thousands of "
+"ideas together. But the hard part is not picking some ideas. It's easy to "
+"pick some ideas. What's hard is to implement them all together and make it "
+"work well."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, идеÑ, ÑÑо лÑбой мог Ð±Ñ (или должен бÑл
бÑ) изобÑеÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÑзÑÐºÑ Ñ Ð½ÑлÑ, "
+"абÑÑÑдна. ÐÑого не мог Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ ÐеÑÑ
овен, и
бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð»Ñпо пÑоÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо "
+"попÑÑаÑÑÑÑ. То же Ñамое Ñ
пÑогÑаммиÑованием. ТоÑно Ñак же, как в
ÑимÑонии "
+"воплоÑено вмеÑÑе множеÑÑво мÑзÑкалÑнÑÑ
идей, но ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ "
+"ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ ÐºÑÑи идей. ТÑÑдноÑÑÑ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑовмеÑÑно в "
+"ноÑаÑ
. То же и Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами. РкÑÑпной
пÑогÑамме ÑеализÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе ÑÑÑÑÑи "
+"идей, но ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ в ÑбоÑе
какиÑ
-Ñо идей. СобÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо "
+"идеи легко. ТÑÑдноÑÑÑ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
ÑеализоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
вмеÑÑе и заÑÑавиÑÑ "
+"вÑе ÑÑо Ñ
оÑоÑо ÑабоÑаÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So “computational idea patents” obstruct the hard and big job by "
+"promoting resources that we get plenty of anyways. So it's a misconceived "
+"system. Designed to give us help we don't want at the cost of tremendous "
+"problems."
+msgstr ""
+"Так ÑÑо “паÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе
идеи” заÑÑÑднÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ³ÐºÑÑ Ð¸ "
+"болÑÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ, ÑодейÑÑвÑÑ ÑмножениÑ
ÑеÑÑÑÑов, коÑоÑÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So what we need is to get rid of the problem. What is the problem? The "
+"problem is: software developers and their users are threatened by patents. "
+"They are in danger. How can you prevent that? Well, one way is: don't issue "
+"patents that could affect software. That solution works if you apply it "
+"from the beginning. If a country never issues such patents, then its patent "
+"system doesn't attack software. OK, it's a good solution. But it's not "
+"applicable if a country has already issued hundreds of thousands of software "
+"patents."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, нÑжно-Ñо нам избавиÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑой
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+"на пÑогÑаммÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, I've proposed that constitutions should explicitly say that patent "
+"privileges can be reduced just as they can be increased. That they are not "
+"in any sense somebody's property; they are privileges given out by the "
+"government which can be changed at will. After all, if you allow the "
+"government by legislation to increase them, it's absurd to make this a one-"
+"way ratchet. But that's not in the US Constitution."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ñедложил, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð² конÑÑиÑÑÑиÑÑ
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+"пÑивилегии можно бÑло ÑÑезаÑÑ Ñак же, как
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+"конÑÑиÑÑÑии СШРÑÑо не Ñак."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, what can we do? Well, we can ask courts to rule that all those patents "
+"that restrict software were invalid from the beginning and always have been "
+"invalid, and that gets rid of them all. However, that's not something that "
+"people can lobby for. It's not something we can say to officials, “do "
+"this because we want you to.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, ÑÑо можно ÑделаÑÑ? ÐÑ, можно пÑоÑиÑÑ
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+"паÑенÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
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+"Ðднако пÑовеÑÑи Ñакое невозможно.
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+"“СделайÑе ÑÑо, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑÑого Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, if we're going to look for a solution that we can get implemented, what "
+"is there? Well, the only way I can see is to legislate that software is a "
+"safe harbor. If it's software, then you're safe. Circuits to do the same "
+"computation would be covered by a patent, but if it's software, then you're "
+"safe. But what does that mean? What does it mean for something to be "
+"software? Well, it runs on a general purpose, universal machine. So first "
+"you make a universal machine and then you put in the program to say what it "
+"should do. Well, if the machine's only function is to be universal, then "
+"the program is all that implements any specific, patented idea."
+msgstr ""
+"Так воÑ, еÑли Ð¼Ñ ÑобиÑаемÑÑ Ð¸ÑкаÑÑ
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+"оÑÑÑеÑÑвиÑÑ, ÑÑо оÑÑаеÑÑÑ? ÐÑ,
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+"пÑогÑамма ÑеализÑÐµÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑнÑÑ,
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So, that's the case I want to get at, and I'm trying to separate it from a "
+"case like that in <cite>Diamond vs. Diehr</cite> where there was a patent "
+"for a system, a method of curing rubber. The implementation involved a "
+"computer, but it also involved special purpose hardware, not a general "
+"purpose universal machine, and that special purpose hardware was crucial to "
+"carrying out the patented technique."
+msgstr ""
+"Так воÑ, к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð¸ подвожÑ, Ñ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"It wasn't actually a software technique. And, actually, I read an article "
+"by Pamela Samuelson arguing that the CAFC twisted that decision and "
+"basically got the quantifiers in the wrong order. That the Supreme Court "
+"said, “the fact that there's a computer in there somewhere doesn't "
+"automatically make it non-patentable,” and the CAFC twisted that into "
+"“the computer makes it patentable.”"
+msgstr ""
+"РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи ÑÑо бÑла не
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+"ÑÑо паÑенÑоÑпоÑобнÑм”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Anyway, we might have some hope with the courts, but I'm proposing a method "
+"that will separate the cases that we must protect from non-computational "
+"idea patents that affect systems that might be implemented with a computer "
+"in there somewhere. The precise words to use? Well, the best I could come "
+"up with was: “software running on generally used computing hardware."
+"” We certainly want things like smartphones to be covered; we don't "
+"want it to exclude anything that has any kind of special-purpose hardware in "
+"there."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"The portable phone obviously has specialised hardware to talk to the phone "
+"network, but that shouldn't automatically mean that if it's running on a "
+"portable phone, it's vulnerable to patents. Because that is a general "
+"purpose computer and people use it for all sorts of things. But my words, "
+"“generally used computing hardware,” they may not be the best "
+"possible words. This is a subject that I think calls for study, because "
+"we've got to look at each possible wording that might be used and see which "
+"cases would be protected from patents and which would be exposed to come up "
+"with the right method."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now, every time I suggest a method to solve this problem, the first thing "
+"people try to look for is how to half solve it instead. The idea of really "
+"solving the problem shocks people because it strikes them as radical. They "
+"think “I can't advocate something so radical as to really solve this "
+"whole problem. I've got to look for some partial solution that will only "
+"protect some software developers.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй Ñаз, когда Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑод
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+"Well, that's a mistake. It's a mistake a) because it wouldn't do the whole "
+"job, but b) because it would be harder to get it passed. There are lots of "
+"software developers and they are all threatened and if we propose to protect "
+"them all, they will all have a reason to support it. But if we propose to "
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+"any good, why should I care?”"
+msgstr ""
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+"So, let's propose a real solution. And, besides, partial solutions tend to "
+"be vulnerable to the problem that Boldrin and Levine have written about very "
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+"this, by the way, is another advantage of applying a change to suing people, "
+"rather than to what's patentable. Because there, the criteria are just "
+"“what kind of situation is this?”"
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "So, there I go."
+msgstr "ÐÑак, Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ñе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>Andrew Chen:</b> Thank you, Dr Stallman."
+msgstr "<b>ÐндÑÑ Ð§ÐµÐ½</b>. ÐлагодаÑим за
вÑÑÑÑпление."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
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+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
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+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru\">лиÑензии Creative
Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ — Ðез
пÑоизводнÑÑ
"
+"пÑоизведений</em>) 4.0 ÐÑемиÑнаÑ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ "
+"можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о "
+"найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru"
+"\">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
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