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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html philosoph... |
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Date: |
Thu, 25 Jun 2015 09:57:50 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 15/06/25 09:57:50
Modified files:
philosophy : words-to-avoid.it.html
philosophy/po : surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po
words-to-avoid.it-en.html words-to-avoid.it.po
proprietary : malware-microsoft.it.html
proprietary-back-doors.it.html
proprietary/po : malware-microsoft.it-en.html
malware-microsoft.it.po
proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html
proprietary-back-doors.it.po
proprietary-insecurity.it.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.67&r2=1.68
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.165&r2=1.166
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/malware-microsoft.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
Patches:
Index: philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.73
retrieving revision 1.74
diff -u -b -r1.73 -r1.74
--- philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html 30 May 2015 20:27:49 -0000 1.73
+++ philosophy/words-to-avoid.it.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:47 -0000 1.74
@@ -29,11 +29,18 @@
| “<a href="#DigitalRightsManagement">Digital Rights Management
(Gestione digitale dei diritti)</a>” | “<a
href="#Ecosystem">Ecosistema</a>” | “<a
href="#FLOSS">FLOSS</a>” | “<a href="#ForFree">For free</a>”
| “<a href="#FOSS">FOSS</a>” | “<a
href="#FreelyAvailable">Liberamente disponibile</a>” | “<a
href="#Freeware">Freeware</a>” | “<a
href="#GiveAwaySoftware">Regalare software</a>” | “<a
href="#Google">Googlare</a>” | “<a href="#Hacker">Hacker</a>”
| “<a href="#IntellectualProperty">Proprietà intellettuale</a>” |
“<a href="#LAMP">Sistema LAMP</a>” | “<a
href="#Linux">Sistema Linux</a>” | “<a
href="#Market">Mercato</a>” | “<a
href="#Monetize">Monetizzare</a>” | “<a href="#MP3Player">MP3
player</a>” | “<a href="#Open">Aperto</a>” | “<a
href="#PC">PC</a>” | “<a href="#Photoshop">Photoshop</a>” |
“<a href="#Piracy">Pirateria</a>” | “<a
href="#PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a>” | “<a
href="#Protection">Protezione</a>” | “<a
href="#RAND">RAND</a>” | “<a href="#SaaS">SaaS</a>” |
“<a href="#SellSoftware">Vendere software</a>” | “<a
href="#SharingEconomy">Economia di condivisione (Sharing
economy)</a>” | “<a href="#Skype">Skypare</a>” | “<a
href="#SoftwareIndustry">Industria del software</a>” | “<a
href="#SourceModel">Modello di sorgente (Source model)</a>”
-| “<a href="#Theft">Furto</a>” | “<a
href="#TrustedComputing">Trusted Computing (informatica
+|
+
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
+ language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
+ fill the translation with a space. -->
+“<a href="#Terminal">Terminale</a>” | <!--#endif -->
+“<a href="#Theft">Furto</a>” | “<a
href="#TrustedComputing">Trusted Computing (informatica
fidata)</a>” | “<a href="#Vendor">Venditore</a>”
</p>
-<h4 id="Alternative">“Alternativa”</h4>
+<h3 id="Alternative">“Alternativa”</h3>
<p>
Non descriviamo il software libero come "alternativa" al software
proprietario, perché questo termine presuppone che tutte le "alternative"
@@ -51,7 +58,7 @@
libero.
</p>
-<h4 id="BSD-style">“Licenze tipo-BSD”</h4>
+<h3 id="BSD-style">“Licenze tipo-BSD”</h3>
<p>
L'espressione "licenza di tipo BSD" crea confusione perché <a
href="/philosophy/bsd.html">fa un solo fascio di licenze che presentano
@@ -64,7 +71,7 @@
evitando la vaga locuzione "di tipo BSD".</p>
-<h4 id="Closed">“Chiuso”</h4>
+<h3 id="Closed">“Chiuso”</h3>
<p>
Se descriviamo software non libero come "chiuso" facciamo un chiaro
riferimento al termine "open source". Nel Movimento per il Software Libero,
@@ -76,7 +83,7 @@
"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware"> "proprietario"</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h4>
+<h3 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h3>
<p>
Il termine "cloud computing" (o semplicemente <a
name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>, nel contesto dell'informatica) non ha
@@ -150,7 +157,7 @@
che animano la nostra azione.
</p>
-<h4 id="Commercial">“Commerciale”</h4>
+<h3 id="Commercial">“Commerciale”</h3>
<p>
à bene non usare "commerciale" come sinonimo di "non-libero". Ciò confonde
due questioni del tutto diverse tra loro.</p>
@@ -177,7 +184,7 @@
stare attenti a non utilizzare il termine "commerciale" in tal senso.</p>
-<h4 id="Compensation">“Compenso”</h4>
+<h3 id="Compensation">“Compenso”</h3>
<p>
Parlare di “compenso all'autore” facendo riferimento al diritto
d'autore dà per scontato che: (1) il diritto d'autore esista a beneficio
@@ -193,61 +200,84 @@
stesse case editrici che fanno pressione per imporci leggi ingiuste.
</p>
-<h4 id="Consume">“Consumare”</h4>
+<h3 id="Consume">“Consumare”</h3>
<p>
-"Consumare" è un verbo che richiama il cibo: lo ingeriamo e, appunto, lo
-consumiamo. Per analogia, usiamo la stessa parola in altri contesti. Ma non
-è corretto utilizzarla quando si parla di "consumare" informazione, musica,
-libri o software, perché in questi casi l'utilizzo non implica il
"consumo".</p>
-
-<p>Perché questo errato utilizzo si diffonde sempre più? Forse qualcuno pensa
-di apparire più colto se usa termini di moda tratti dal gergo degli
-economisti, ma in questo modo finisce per usare termini inappropriati per
-l'attività di cui sta parlando. Altri potrebbero pensare di limitare la
-discussione ai soli fattori economici, ignorando il punto di vista etico o
-sociale, ma questo è molto riduttivo.</p>
+“Consumare” è quello che facciamo con il cibo: dopo che è stato
+ingerito, non esiste più in quella forma. Per analogia, usiamo lo stesso
+termine per altri prodotti che quando utilizzati <em>si esauriscono</em>, ma
+non ha senso usarlo per merci che durano nel tempo, come vestiti o
+elettrodomestici. Ed è certamente errato usarlo per opere pubblicate
+(programmi, registrazioni di dati, libri, e-books) che durano a lungo a che
+possono essere eseguite o lette un numero arbitrario di volte: ascoltare una
+registrazione o eseguire un programma non è "consumo".</p>
+
+<p>
+Il termine “consumare” è associato con l'economia dei beni
+materiali non facilmente duplicabili, e quindi usarlo comporta
+un'associazione inconscia tra beni non duplicabili e duplicabili, un errore
+che fa comodo agli sviluppatori di software proprietario e ad alcuni altri
+editori. Il loro punto di vista distorto è evidente in <a
+href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-series-a-funding-2015-6";>questo
+articolo</a> (in inglese), che definisce le pubblicazioni come “<a
+href="#Content">contenuto</a>”.</p>
+
+<p>
+La restrizione mentale associata ai "consumatori" porta a leggi come il DMCA
+che proibiscono agli utenti di violare la <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>gestione digitale delle restrizioni
+(DRM)</a> nei dispositivo digitali. Se gli utenti pensano che ciò che fanno
+con questi dispositivi è "consumare", allora vedranno come naturali queste
+restrizioni.</p>
+
+<p>
+Questo termine incoraggia anche l'accettazione dei servizi di
+“streaming”, che usano tecnologie come DRM per limitare l'uso di
+registrazioni digitali a una forma che si adatti al concetto di
+“consumare”.</p>
+
+<p>
+Perché questo termine errato si diffonde sempre più? Alcuni potrebbero
+ritenerlo attraente perché sofisticato, ma allora è meglio, e anche più
+sofisticato, rifiutarlo fornendo chiare motivazioni. Altri potrebbero essere
+indotti ad usarlo a causa degli interessi commerciali loro o dei loro datori
+di lavoro. Il fatto che sia utilizzato in ambienti prestigiosi dÃ
+l'impressione che sia il temine “corretto” da usare.</p>
+
+<p>
+Parlare di “consumare” musica o qualsiasi opera d'ingegno ha
+l'effetto di ridurre l'arte a prodotto. Per evitare questa errata abitudine,
+bisogna evitare di dire “consumare” in questi casi. Meglio dire
+che un'opera d'arte si “sente” e che un lavoro pratico si
+“usa”.</p>
<p>Vedere anche la voce seguente.</p>
-<h4 id="Consumer">“Consumatore”</h4>
+<h3 id="Consumer">“Consumatore”</h3>
<p>
-Il termine "consumatore", quando viene utilizzato per riferirsi ad utenti
-di computer, porta con sé delle implicazioni infelici. Ascoltare musica o
-eseguire un programma non "consuma" quella musica o quel programma.</p>
-<p>
-I termini "produttore" e "consumatore" sono termini tecnici usati dagli
-economisti nell'ambito dei beni materiali. Usarli produce l'effetto di fare
-pensare ai dati digitali (che sono facili da replicare) come se fossero beni
-materiali (che non sono facili da replicare). Ovviamente questo errore è
-esattamente quello che gli sviluppatori di software proprietario vogliono
-diffondere.</p>
+Il termine “consumatore”, quando usato per riferirsi agli utenti
+di computer, ha molti sottintesi errati. Alcuni vengono dall'idea che usare
+un programma lo “consumi” (vedere <a href="#Consume">la voce
+corrispondente</a>), il che porta alcuni ad imporre sui beni digitali
+duplicabili le stesse conclusioni che sono state tratte per beni materiali
+non duplicabili.</p>
<p>
Tra l'altro, descrivere gli utenti di software come "consumatori" li fa
passare per individui che possono solamente scegliere i "prodotti"
-disponibili sul mercato, ed elimina il concetto che gli utenti possano
-esercitare controllo sul software che utilizzano.</p>
-<p>
-La restrizione mentale associata ai "consumatori" porta a insulti come il
-CBDTPA "Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act" che
-proponeva di richiedere la <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>gestione
-digitale delle restrizioni (DRM)</a> in ogni dispositivo digitale. Se ciò
-che gli utenti fanno è "consumare", perché dovrebbero opporsi?</p>
-<p>
-Il limitato punto di vista economico che considera gli utenti come
-"consumatori" tende ad andare di pari passo con l'idea che le opere
-pubblicate siano<a href="#Content">“contenuto”</a>.</p>
+disponibili sul "mercato", ed elimina il concetto che gli utenti possano <a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">esercitare diretto
+controllo</a> sul software che utilizzano.</p>
<p>
Per descrivere chi non si limita ad un consumo passivo con il proprio
computer, suggeriamo termini come "individui" e "cittadini", non
"consumatori".</p>
<p>
-Il problema dell'utilizzo della parola “consumatore” è stato giÃ
-<a
-href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams";>
-trattato da altri</a>.
+Questo problema dell'utilizzo della parola “consumatore” è stato
+già <a
+href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams";>trattato
+da altri</a>.
</p>
-<h4 id="Content">“Contenuto”</h4>
+<h3 id="Content">“Contenuto”</h3>
<p>
Se vuoi esprimere un sentimento di benessere e soddisfazione, giustamente
dici di essere "contento" (content), ma è meglio evitare l'utilizzo del
@@ -290,7 +320,7 @@
system” (WRS) in quei casi.</p>
-<h4 id="CreativeCommonsLicensed">“Sotto licenza Creative
Commons”</h4>
+<h3 id="CreativeCommonsLicensed">“Sotto licenza Creative
Commons”</h3>
<p>
La caratteristica più importante della licenza di un'opera è se è o non è
libera. Creative Commons pubblica sette licenze, di cui tre (CC BY, CC BY-SA
@@ -306,7 +336,7 @@
quale licenza precisa è usata da una certa opera, occorre determinarla.
</p>
-<h4 id="Creator">“Creatore”</h4>
+<h3 id="Creator">“Creatore”</h3>
<p>
Applicare il termine "creatore" agli autori significa paragonarli
implicitamente a una deità ("il creatore"). Questo termine viene usato
@@ -318,7 +348,7 @@
piuttosto comune che il detentore del copyright non sia l'autore.</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalGoods">“Beni digitali (Digital Goods)”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalGoods">“Beni digitali (Digital Goods)”</h3>
<p>
Il termine “beni digitali” usato in riferimento a copie di opere
di ingegno li paragona ai beni fisici, che non si possono copiare e che
@@ -329,7 +359,7 @@
per cogliere i valori della libertà e della comunità .</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalLocks">“Lucchetti digitali (Digital Locks)”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalLocks">“Lucchetti digitali (Digital Locks)”</h3>
<p>
Alcuni usano il termine “lucchetti digitali” per fare
riferimento, criticandola, alla gestione digitale delle restrizioni (DRM),
@@ -358,7 +388,7 @@
“manette digitali”, spiegandone le ragioni.</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalRightsManagement">“Digital Rights Management (Gestione
digitale dei diritti)”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalRightsManagement">“Digital Rights Management (Gestione
digitale dei diritti)”</h3>
<p>
Il software per il "Digital Rights Management" (Gestione digitale dei
diritti, abbreviato DRM) in realtà è progettato per imporre restrizioni
@@ -373,7 +403,7 @@
Partecipate alla nostra <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";> campagna
per abolire DRM</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="Ecosystem">“Ecosistema”</h4>
+<h3 id="Ecosystem">“Ecosistema”</h3>
<p>
È sconsigliabile definire una qualsiasi comunità umana, come la
comunità del software libero, come "ecosistema", perché quella parola
@@ -398,7 +428,7 @@
pericolo, le arti tradizionali... e la libertà degli utenti di computer.
</p>
-<h4 id="FLOSS">“FLOSS”</h4>
+<h3 id="FLOSS">“FLOSS”</h3>
<p>
Il termine “FLOSS”, che sta per “Free/Libre and Open
Source Software”, è stato creato come opzione per essere <a
@@ -407,7 +437,7 @@
scelta migliore; ma chi vuole difendere la libertà non dovrebbe usare
termini neutrali.</p>
-<h4 id="ForFree">“For free”</h4>
+<h3 id="ForFree">“For free”</h3>
<p>
Quando ci si riferisce a un programma di software libero (free software),
meglio non dire che è disponibile "for free", gratuitamente. Questo termine
@@ -424,7 +454,7 @@
Onde evitare confusioni, si può dire che il programma è disponibile "come
software libero".</p>
-<h4 id="FOSS">“FOSS”</h4>
+<h3 id="FOSS">“FOSS”</h3>
<p>
Il termine “FOSS”, che sta per “Free and Open Source
Software”, è stato creato come opzione per essere <a
@@ -433,7 +463,7 @@
neutrale, è meglio usare “FLOSS”; ma chi vuole difendere la
libertà non dovrebbe usare termini neutrali.</p>
-<h4 id="FreelyAvailable">“Liberamente disponibile”</h4>
+<h3 id="FreelyAvailable">“Liberamente disponibile”</h3>
<p>
Non usate “software liberamente disponibile” come sinonimo di
“software libero”: sono termini diversi. Il software è
@@ -444,7 +474,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Freeware">“Freeware”</h4>
+<h3 id="Freeware">“Freeware”</h3>
<p>
Evitiamo per favore il termine "freeware" come sinonimo di "software
libero". Il termine "freeware" veniva spesso usato negli anni '80 per
@@ -468,7 +498,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="GiveAwaySoftware">“Regalare software”</h4>
+<h3 id="GiveAwaySoftware">“Regalare software”</h3>
<p>
à fuorviante usare il termine "regalare" (give away) quando si vuole
intendere "distribuire un programma come software libero". Ã lo stesso
@@ -477,7 +507,7 @@
confusione consiste nel dire: "rilasciare come software libero".</p>
-<h4 id="Google">“Googlare”</h4>
+<h3 id="Google">“Googlare”</h3>
<p>
Non usate il neologismo “googlare” per indicare l'azione di
effettuare una ricerca su Internet: “Google” è solo uno dei
@@ -488,7 +518,7 @@
possiamo verificarlo in prima persona) di non tracciare i propri utenti.</p>
-<h4 id="Hacker">“Hacker”</h4>
+<h3 id="Hacker">“Hacker”</h3>
<p>
Un hacker è qualcuno a cui piace <a
href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";> divertirsi
@@ -503,7 +533,7 @@
Non diffondete questo errore: chi viola la sicurezza è un "cracker".</p>
-<h4 id="IntellectualProperty">“Proprietà intellettuale”</h4>
+<h3 id="IntellectualProperty">“Proprietà intellettuale”</h3>
<p>
Editori e avvocati amano descrivere il diritto d'autore come "proprietÃ
intellettuale" - un termine che include anche i brevetti, marchi registrati
@@ -531,7 +561,7 @@
imbarazzo nel WIPO</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="LAMP">“Sistema LAMP”</h4>
+<h3 id="LAMP">“Sistema LAMP”</h3>
<p>
“LAMP” sta per “Linux, Apache, MySQL e PHP”: una
combinazione di software comunemente utilizzata nei web server. Tuttavia, in
@@ -541,7 +571,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Linux">“Sistema Linux”</h4>
+<h3 id="Linux">“Sistema Linux”</h3>
<p>
Linux è il nome del kernel che Linus Torvalds ha sviluppato a partire dal
1991. Il sistema operativo in cui si usa Linux è in pratica GNU con
@@ -553,7 +583,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Market">“Mercato”</h4>
+<h3 id="Market">“Mercato”</h3>
<p>
à fuorviante descrivere gli utenti del software libero, o gli utenti del
software in generale, come un "mercato".</p>
@@ -571,7 +601,7 @@
libertà .</p>
-<h4 id="Monetize">“Monetizzare”</h4>
+<h3 id="Monetize">“Monetizzare”</h3>
<p>
Il significato corretto di “monetizzare” (NdT:
“monetize” in inglese) è “usare qualcosa come
@@ -590,7 +620,7 @@
dipendere tutto dal profitto è difficile che rimanga etica.</p>
-<h4 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h4>
+<h3 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h3>
<p>
Nei tardi anni Novanta divenne possibile produrre riproduttori audio
digitali portatili, con memorie allo stato solido. Molti, ma non tutti,
@@ -603,7 +633,7 @@
“riproduttore audio” se adatto al contesto.</p>
-<h4 id="Open">“Aperto”</h4>
+<h3 id="Open">“Aperto”</h3>
<p>
Per favore evitate di usare la parola "aperto" come sostituto di "software
libero". Un <a href= "/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">altro
@@ -613,7 +643,7 @@
descrivete il nostro lavoro con le loro etichette - ciò porta le persone a
pensare che noi siamo loro sostenitori.</p>
-<h4 id="PC">“PC”</h4>
+<h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3>
<p>
È corretto usare l'abbreviazione “PC” per parlare di un
computer dal punto di vista hardware, ma non è corretto dare per scontato
@@ -623,7 +653,7 @@
<p>
Per un computer con Windows è stato suggerito il termine “WC”.</p>
-<h4 id="Photoshop">“Photoshop”</h4>
+<h3 id="Photoshop">“Photoshop”</h3>
<p>
Bisogna evitare l'uso di “photoshoppare” come verbo legato alla
manipolazione di immagini. Photoshop è solo il nome di un preciso programma
@@ -631,7 +661,7 @@
programmi liberi per manipolare immagini, come <a
href="/software/gimp">GIMP</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="Piracy">“Pirateria”</h4>
+<h3 id="Piracy">“Pirateria”</h3>
<p>
Spesso gli editori descrivono l'attività della copia, se proibita, come
"pirateria" (piracy). In questo modo, sottintendono che effettuare una
@@ -655,7 +685,7 @@
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/";>“pirateria”
e “furto” sono parole diffamatorie</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="PowerPoint">“PowerPoint”</h4>
+<h3 id="PowerPoint">“PowerPoint”</h3>
<p>
Non si deve usare il termine “PowerPoint” per tutti i tipi di
presentazioni con slides. “PowerPoint” è solo il nome di un
@@ -665,7 +695,7 @@
incluso anche in LibreOffice.org.</p>
-<h4 id="Protection">“Protezione”</h4>
+<h3 id="Protection">“Protezione”</h3>
<p>
Gli avvocati degli editori adorano ricorrere al termine "protezione" o
"tutela" in riferimento al copyright. Questi termini implicano l'idea di
@@ -694,7 +724,7 @@
si veda la campagna <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";> Defective by
Design</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="RAND">“RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)”</h4>
+<h3 id="RAND">“RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)”</h3>
<p>
Gli organismi incaricati di stabilire gli standard limitati dai brevetti
che vietano il software libero in genere seguono la prassi di ottenere
@@ -725,7 +755,7 @@
pagamento di una tariffa uniforme per le royalty.</p>
-<h4 id="SaaS">“SaaS” o “Software as a Service”</h4>
+<h3 id="SaaS">“SaaS” o “Software as a Service”</h3>
<p>
Abbiamo detto che SaaS (abbeviazione di “Software as a Service”,
software come servizio) è un'ingiustizia, ma poi abbiamo scoperto che la
@@ -743,7 +773,7 @@
(software come se fosse un vizio) è troppo azzeccato per abbandonarlo.</p>
-<h4 id="SellSoftware">“Vendere software”</h4>
+<h3 id="SellSoftware">“Vendere software”</h3>
<p>
L'espressione "vendere software" è ambigua. In senso stretto, scambiare la
copia di un programma libero con una somma di denaro significa <a
@@ -758,7 +788,7 @@
altre discussioni sull'argomento.</p>
-<h4 id="SharingEconomy">“Economia di condivisione (Sharing
economy)”</h4>
+<h3 id="SharingEconomy">“Economia di condivisione (Sharing
economy)”</h3>
<p>
Il termine “sharing economy” ("economia di condivisione") non è
corretto per servizi come Uber e Airbnb che gestiscono affari tra
@@ -770,7 +800,7 @@
di "economia di servizi su transazioni singole".</p>
-<h4 id="Skype">“Skypare”</h4>
+<h3 id="Skype">“Skypare”</h3>
<p>
Non usate il neologismo “skypare” per indicare una
(video)chiamata via Internet. Skype è solo uno dei tanti programmi per
@@ -782,7 +812,7 @@
equivalenti a Skype</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="SoftwareIndustry">“Industria del software”</h4>
+<h3 id="SoftwareIndustry">“Industria del software”</h3>
<p>
Il termine "industria del software" incoraggia le persone a pensare che il
software è sempre sviluppato da una sorta di fabbrica e poi dato ai
@@ -800,7 +830,7 @@
con votazione che "industria" è "produzione automatica di beni
materiali"</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="SourceModel">“Modello di sorgente (Source model)”</h4>
+<h3 id="SourceModel">“Modello di sorgente (Source model)”</h3>
<p>
Wikipedia usa il termine “modello di sorgente” in modo confuso e
ambiguo. Apparentemente si riferisce a come è distribuito il codice sorgente
@@ -812,7 +842,19 @@
informazione chiara, ma dà l'opportunità di usare “open source”
in pagine dedicate al software libero.</p>
-<h4 id="Theft">“Furto”</h4>
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
+ language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
+ fill the translation with a space. -->
+<h3 id="Terminal">“Terminale”</h3>
+
+<p>I telefoni cellulari e i tablet sono computer e deve essere possibile usarli
+come computer e con software libero. Chiamarli “terminali”
+potrebbe lasciare intendere che si possano usare solo per connettersi a
+server, che è un modo sbagliato di usare un computer.</p>
+
+<!--#endif -->
+<h3 id="Theft">“Furto”</h3>
<p>
I sostenitori di una forma troppo rigida e oppressiva di copyright spesso
usano termini quali "rubato" e "furto" per descrivere le infrazioni al
@@ -843,7 +885,7 @@
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/";>“pirateria”
e “furto” sono parole diffamatorie</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="TrustedComputing">“Trusted Computing (informatica
fidata)”</h4>
+<h3 id="TrustedComputing">“Trusted Computing (informatica
fidata)”</h3>
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“Trusted computing
(informatica fidata)”</a> è il nome usato dai sostenitori per indicare
@@ -854,7 +896,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Vendor">“Venditore”</h4>
+<h3 id="Vendor">“Venditore”</h3>
<p>
Per favore non usate il termine "venditore" per far riferimento generico
allo sviluppatore di un pacchetto software. Molti programmi sono sviluppati
@@ -956,7 +998,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2015/05/30 20:27:49 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:35:18
-0000 1.41
+++ philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:57:48
-0000 1.42
@@ -266,12 +266,12 @@
"worse-than-first.shtml\">crackers working for hostile states</a>."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <p>
# | Total surveillance plus [-vague law provides an opening for-] {+weak legal
# | protections enable the state to launch+} a massive fishing expedition
# | against any [-desired target.-] {+person.+} To make journalism and
# | democracy safe, we must limit the accumulation of data that is easily
# | accessible to the state.
-#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Total surveillance plus vague law provides an opening for a massive "
@@ -1044,8 +1044,8 @@
msgid "Copyright © 2015 Richard Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 2015 Richard Stallman"
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
Index: philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.67
retrieving revision 1.68
diff -u -b -r1.67 -r1.68
--- philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html 30 May 2015 20:27:49 -0000
1.67
+++ philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it-en.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:48 -0000
1.68
@@ -105,7 +105,13 @@
href="#SoftwareIndustry">Software Industry</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span> “<a
href="#SourceModel">Source model</a>”
-|<span class="gnun-split"></span> “<a
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX =
/^.(es)$/" -->
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
+ language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
+ fill the translation with a space. -->
+“<a
+ href="#Terminal">Terminal</a>”
+|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#endif --> “<a
href="#Theft">Theft</a>”
|<span class="gnun-split"></span> “<a
href="#TrustedComputing">Trusted Computing</a>”
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@
href="#Vendor">Vendor</a>”
</p>
-<h4 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h4>
+<h3 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h3>
<p>
We don't describe free software as an “alternative” to
proprietary, because that word presumes all the “alternatives” are
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@
software.
</p>
-<h4 id="BSD-style">“BSD-style”</h4>
+<h3 id="BSD-style">“BSD-style”</h3>
<p>
The expression “BSD-style license” leads to confusion because it
<a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">lumps together licenses that have
@@ -146,7 +152,7 @@
question</a> and avoid the vague term “BSD-style.”</p>
-<h4 id="Closed">“Closed”</h4>
+<h3 id="Closed">“Closed”</h3>
<p>
Describing nonfree software as “closed” clearly refers to
the term “open source.” In the free software movement,
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@
“proprietary”</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h4>
+<h3 id="CloudComputing">“Cloud Computing”</h3>
<p>
The term “cloud computing” (or
just <a name="Cloud">“cloud”</a>, in the context of
@@ -230,7 +236,7 @@
developer, he isn't motivated by the same ideals as we are.
</p>
-<h4 id="Commercial">“Commercial”</h4>
+<h3 id="Commercial">“Commercial”</h3>
<p>
Please don't use “commercial” as a synonym for
“nonfree.” That confuses two entirely different
@@ -257,7 +263,7 @@
to use the word “commercial” in that way.</p>
-<h4 id="Compensation">“Compensation”</h4>
+<h3 id="Compensation">“Compensation”</h3>
<p>
To speak of “compensation for authors” in connection with
copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the
@@ -274,63 +280,86 @@
same publishing companies that are pushing unjust laws on us.
</p>
-<h4 id="Consume">“Consume”</h4>
+<h3 id="Consume">“Consume”</h3>
<p>
-“Consume” refers to what we do with food: we ingest it, and use it
in
-a way that uses it up. By analogy, we employ the same word to describe
-using other things in a way that uses them up. However, it is
-erroneous to speak of “consuming” information, music, books,
-software, etc., since using them does not use them up.</p>
-
-<p>Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that they
-sound sophisticated using a fashionable term from economics. However,
-the economics they implicitly refer to is inappropriate for the
-activity in question. Others may intend to limit discussion to an
-economic perspective, rejecting other perspectives such as ethical or
-social — which is narrowminded.</p>
+“Consume” refers to what we do with food: we ingest it,
+after which the food as such no longer exists. By analogy, we employ
+the same word for other products whose use <em>uses them up</em>.
+Applying it to durable goods, such as clothing or appliances, is a
+stretch. Applying it to published works (programs, recordings on a
+disk or in a file, books on paper or in a file), whose nature is to
+last indefinitely and which can be run, played or read any number of
+times, is simply an error. Playing a recording, or running a program,
+does not consume it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The term “consume” is associated with the economics of
+uncopiable material products, and leads people to transfer its
+conclusions unconsciously to copiable digital works — an error
+that proprietary software developers (and other publishers) dearly
+wish to encourage. Their twisted viewpoint comes through clearly
+in <a
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-series-a-funding-2015-6";>this
+article</a>, which also refers to publications as
+“<a href="#Content">content</a>.”</p>
+
+<p>
+The narrow thinking associated with the idea that we “consume
+content” paves the way for laws such as the DMCA that forbid
+users to break the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>Digital
+Restrictions Management</a> (DRM) facilities in digital devices. If
+users think what they do with these devices is “consume,”
+they may see such restrictions as natural.</p>
+
+<p>
+It also encourages the acceptation of “streaming”
+services, which use DRM to limit use of digital recordings to a
+form that fits the word “consume.”</p>
+
+<p>
+Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term
+sounds sophisticated; if that attracts you, rejecting it with cogent
+reasons can appear even more sophisticated. Others may be acting from
+business interests (their own, or their employers'). Their use
+of the term in prestigious forums gives the impression that it's the
+“correct” term.</p>
+
+<p>
+To speak of “consuming” music, fiction, or any other
+artistic works is to treat them as products rather than as art. If
+you don't want to spread that attitude, you would do well to reject
+using the term “consume” for them. We recommend saying
+that someone “experiences” an artistic work or a work
+stating a point of view, and that someone “uses” a
+practical work.</p>
<p>See also the following entry.</p>
-<h4 id="Consumer">“Consumer”</h4>
+<h3 id="Consumer">“Consumer”</h3>
<p>
The term “consumer,” when used to refer to the users of
-computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject. Playing a
-recording, or running a program, does not consume it.</p>
-<p>
-The terms “producer” and “consumer” come from
-economics and its treatment of material products. Thus, using them
-leads people to mistakenly apply to copiable digital data all that
-they know about the economics of uncopiable material products. Of
-course, this error is exactly the one proprietary software developers
-want people to make.</p>
+computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject. Some come
+from the idea that using the program “consumes” the program (see
+<a href="#Consume">the previous entry</a>), which leads people to
+impose on copiable digital works the economic conclusions that were
+drawn about uncopiable material products.</p>
<p>
In addition, describing the users of software as
-“consumers” presumes they are limited to helplessly
-selecting from whatever “products” are available in the
-“market.” There is no room in this mind-set for the idea
-that users can exercise control over the software they use.</p>
-<p>
-The limited thinking associated with “consumers” leads to
-outrages such as the CBDTPA (“Consumer Broadband and Digital
-Television Promotion Act”) which proposed to
-require <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>Digital Restrictions
-Management (DRM)</a> facilities in every digital device. If all the
-users do is “consume,” why should they object?</p>
-<p>
-The shallow economic conception of users as “consumers” tends
-to go hand in hand with the idea that published works are mere
-<a href="#Content">“content.”</a></p>
+“consumers” refers to a framing in which people are
+limited to selecting between whatever “products” are
+available in the “market.” There is no room in this
+framing for the idea that users
+can <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">directly
+exercise control over what a program does</a>.</p>
<p>
To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we
suggest terms such as “individuals” and
-“citizens” — not “consumers.”</p>
+“citizens,” rather than “consumers.”</p>
<p>
-The problem with the word “consumer” has
-been <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams";>
-noted before</a>.
+This problem with the word “consumer” has
+been <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams";>noted
before</a>.
</p>
-<h4 id="Content">“Content”</h4>
+<h3 id="Content">“Content”</h3>
<p>
If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all
means say you are “content,” but using the word as a
@@ -369,7 +398,7 @@
system” (WRS).</p>
-<h4 id="CreativeCommonsLicensed">“Creative Commons licensed”</h4>
+<h3 id="CreativeCommonsLicensed">“Creative Commons licensed”</h3>
<p>
The most important licensing characteristic of a work is whether it is
free. Creative Commons publishes seven licenses; three are free
@@ -388,7 +417,7 @@
statement.
</p>
-<h4 id="Creator">“Creator”</h4>
+<h3 id="Creator">“Creator”</h3>
<p>
The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly
compares them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is
@@ -401,7 +430,7 @@
author.</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalGoods">“Digital Goods”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalGoods">“Digital Goods”</h3>
<p>
The term “digital goods,” as applied to copies of works of
authorship, identifies them with physical goods—which cannot be
@@ -412,7 +441,7 @@
shallow and limited values don't include freedom and community.</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalLocks">“Digital Locks”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalLocks">“Digital Locks”</h3>
<p>
“Digital locks” is used to refer to Digital Restrictions
Management by some who criticize it. The problem with this term is
@@ -440,7 +469,7 @@
replace the term with “digital handcuffs” and say why.</p>
-<h4 id="DigitalRightsManagement">“Digital Rights Management”</h4>
+<h3 id="DigitalRightsManagement">“Digital Rights Management”</h3>
<p>
“Digital Rights Management” (abbreviated
“DRM”) refers to technical mechanisms designed to impose
@@ -456,7 +485,7 @@
Please sign up to support our <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>
campaign to abolish DRM</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="Ecosystem">“Ecosystem”</h4>
+<h3 id="Ecosystem">“Ecosystem”</h3>
<p>
It is inadvisable to describe the free software community, or any human
community, as an “ecosystem,” because that word implies
@@ -482,7 +511,7 @@
freedom.
</p>
-<h4 id="FLOSS">“FLOSS”</h4>
+<h3 id="FLOSS">“FLOSS”</h3>
<p>
The term “FLOSS,” meaning “Free/Libre and Open
Source Software,” was coined as a way
@@ -491,7 +520,7 @@
“FLOSS” is the best way to be neutral. But if you want to
show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
-<h4 id="ForFree">“For free”</h4>
+<h3 id="ForFree">“For free”</h3>
<p>
If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say
that it is available “for free.” That term specifically
@@ -507,7 +536,7 @@
To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available
“as free software.”</p>
-<h4 id="FOSS">“FOSS”</h4>
+<h3 id="FOSS">“FOSS”</h3>
<p>
The term “FOSS,” meaning “Free and Open Source
Software,” was coined as a way
@@ -516,7 +545,7 @@
neutrality is your goal, “FLOSS” is better. But if you
want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term.</p>
-<h4 id="FreelyAvailable">“Freely available”</h4>
+<h3 id="FreelyAvailable">“Freely available”</h3>
<p>
Don't use “freely available software” as a synonym for “free
software.” The terms are not equivalent. Software is “freely
@@ -526,7 +555,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Freeware">“Freeware”</h4>
+<h3 id="Freeware">“Freeware”</h3>
<p>
Please don't use the term “freeware” as a synonym for
“free software.” The term “freeware” was used
@@ -550,7 +579,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="GiveAwaySoftware">“Give away software”</h4>
+<h3 id="GiveAwaySoftware">“Give away software”</h3>
<p>
It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean
“distribute a program as free software.”
@@ -560,7 +589,7 @@
free software.”</p>
-<h4 id="Google">“Google”</h4>
+<h3 id="Google">“Google”</h3>
<p>
Please avoid using the term “google” as a verb, meaning to
search for something on the internet. “Google” is just the
@@ -571,7 +600,7 @@
its users, although we cannot confirm.</p>
-<h4 id="Hacker">“Hacker”</h4>
+<h3 id="Hacker">“Hacker”</h3>
<p>
A hacker is someone
who <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";> enjoys
@@ -587,7 +616,7 @@
People who break security are “crackers.”</p>
-<h4 id="IntellectualProperty">“Intellectual property”</h4>
+<h3 id="IntellectualProperty">“Intellectual property”</h3>
<p>
Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as
“intellectual property”—a term also applied to
@@ -617,7 +646,7 @@
Organization embarrassed</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="LAMP">“LAMP system”</h4>
+<h3 id="LAMP">“LAMP system”</h3>
<p>
“LAMP” stands for “Linux, Apache, MySQL and
PHP”—a common combination of software to use on a web
@@ -628,7 +657,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Linux">“Linux system”</h4>
+<h3 id="Linux">“Linux system”</h3>
<p>
Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting
in 1991. The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU
@@ -640,7 +669,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Market">“Market”</h4>
+<h3 id="Market">“Market”</h3>
<p>
It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the
software users in general, as a “market.”</p>
@@ -659,7 +688,7 @@
and legitimize proprietary software.</p>
-<h4 id="Monetize">“Monetize”</h4>
+<h3 id="Monetize">“Monetize”</h3>
<p>
The proper definition of “monetize” is “to use
something as currency.” For instance, human societies have
@@ -679,7 +708,7 @@
ethical.</p>
-<h4 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h4>
+<h3 id="MP3Player">“MP3 Player”</h3>
<p>
In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state
digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not
@@ -691,7 +720,7 @@
or simply “audio player” if context permits.</p>
-<h4 id="Open">“Open”</h4>
+<h3 id="Open">“Open”</h3>
<p>
Please avoid using the term “open” or “open
source” as a substitute for “free software.” Those terms
@@ -703,7 +732,7 @@
appropriate; but please do not use it to label us or our work—that
leads people to think we share those views.</p>
-<h4 id="PC">“PC”</h4>
+<h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3>
<p>
It's OK to use the abbreviation “PC” to refer to a certain
kind of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the
@@ -714,7 +743,7 @@
The term “WC” has been suggested for a computer running
Windows.</p>
-<h4 id="Photoshop">“Photoshop”</h4>
+<h3 id="Photoshop">“Photoshop”</h3>
<p>
Please avoid using the term “photoshop” as a verb, meaning
any kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general. Photoshop
@@ -722,7 +751,7 @@
be avoided since it is proprietary. There are plenty of free programs
for editing images, such as the <a href="/software/gimp">GIMP</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="Piracy">“Piracy”</h4>
+<h3 id="Piracy">“Piracy”</h3>
<p>
Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as
“piracy.” In this way, they imply that it is ethically
@@ -747,7 +776,7 @@
<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/";>“piracy”
and “theft” are smear-words.</a></p>
-<h4 id="PowerPoint">“PowerPoint”</h4>
+<h3 id="PowerPoint">“PowerPoint”</h3>
<p>
Please avoid using the term “PowerPoint” to mean any kind
of slide presentation. “PowerPoint” is just the name of
@@ -757,7 +786,7 @@
class and LibreOffice.org's Impress.</p>
-<h4 id="Protection">“Protection”</h4>
+<h3 id="Protection">“Protection”</h3>
<p>
Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to
describe copyright. This word carries the implication of preventing
@@ -788,7 +817,7 @@
<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";> Defective by Design</a>
campaign.</p>
-<h4 id="RAND">“RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)”</h4>
+<h3 id="RAND">“RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)”</h3>
<p>
Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that
prohibit free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent
@@ -816,7 +845,7 @@
the only condition in these licenses is a uniform royalty fee.</p>
-<h4 id="SaaS">“SaaS” or “Software as a Service”</h4>
+<h3 id="SaaS">“SaaS” or “Software as a Service”</h3>
<p>
We used to say that SaaS (short for “Software as a
Service”) is an injustice, but then we found that there was a
@@ -835,7 +864,7 @@
to give up.</p>
-<h4 id="SellSoftware">“Sell software”</h4>
+<h3 id="SellSoftware">“Sell software”</h3>
<p>
The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking,
exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money
@@ -851,7 +880,7 @@
further discussion of this issue.</p>
-<h4 id="SharingEconomy">“Sharing economy”</h4>
+<h3 id="SharingEconomy">“Sharing economy”</h3>
<p>
The term “sharing economy” is not a good way to refer to
services such as Uber and Airbnb that arrange business transactions
@@ -865,7 +894,7 @@
“piecework service economy.”</p>
-<h4 id="Skype">“Skype”</h4>
+<h3 id="Skype">“Skype”</h3>
<p>
Please avoid using the term “Skype” as a verb, meaning any
kind of video communication or telephony over the Internet in general.
@@ -878,7 +907,7 @@
numerous free Skype replacements</a>.</p>
-<h4 id="SoftwareIndustry">“Software Industry”</h4>
+<h3 id="SoftwareIndustry">“Software Industry”</h3>
<p>
The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine
that software is always developed by a sort of factory and then
@@ -896,7 +925,7 @@
define “industry” as “automated production of
material goods.”</a></p>
-<h4 id="SourceModel">“Source model”</h4>
+<h3 id="SourceModel">“Source model”</h3>
<p>
Wikipedia uses the term “source model” in a confused and
ambiguous way. Ostensibly it refers to how a program's source is
@@ -909,7 +938,20 @@
opportunity to say “open source” in pages describing free
software programs.</p>
-<h4 id="Theft">“Theft”</h4>
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/" -->
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
+ language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
+ fill the translation with a space. -->
+
+<h3 id="Terminal">“Terminal”</h3>
+
+<p>Mobile phones and tablets are computers, and people should be
+able to do their computing on them using free software.
+To call them “terminals” supposes that all they are good for
+is to connect to servers, which is a bad way to do your own computing.</p>
+<!--#endif -->
+
+<h3 id="Theft">“Theft”</h3>
<p>
The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form of copyright often use
words like “stolen” and “theft” to refer to
@@ -939,7 +981,7 @@
<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/";>“piracy”
and “theft” are smear-words.</a></p>
-<h4 id="TrustedComputing">“Trusted Computing”</h4>
+<h3 id="TrustedComputing">“Trusted Computing”</h3>
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“Trusted computing”</a> is
the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that
@@ -949,7 +991,7 @@
</p>
-<h4 id="Vendor">“Vendor”</h4>
+<h3 id="Vendor">“Vendor”</h3>
<p>
Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to
anyone that develops or packages software. Many programs
@@ -1032,7 +1074,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/05/30 20:27:49 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.165
retrieving revision 1.166
diff -u -b -r1.165 -r1.166
--- philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:35:18 -0000 1.165
+++ philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:57:48 -0000 1.166
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-06-06 09:55+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -226,8 +225,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "“<a href=\"#SharingEconomy\">Sharing economy</a>” |"
msgstr ""
-"“<a href=\"#SharingEconomy\">Economia di condivisione (Sharing "
-"economy)</a>” |"
+"“<a href=\"#SharingEconomy\">Economia di condivisione (Sharing economy)"
+"</a>” |"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "“<a href=\"#Skype\">Skype</a>” |"
@@ -244,14 +243,11 @@
"“<a href=\"#SourceModel\">Modello di sorgente (Source model)</"
"a>” |"
-# | “<a [-href=\"#Commercial\">Commercial</a>”-]
-# | {+href=\"#Terminal\">Terminal</a>”+} |
#. #if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/"
#. TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
#. language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
#. fill the translation with a space.
#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "“<a href=\"#Commercial\">Commercial</a>” |"
msgid "“<a href=\"#Terminal\">Terminal</a>” |"
msgstr "“<a href=\"#Terminal\">Terminale</a>” |"
@@ -615,24 +611,7 @@
"series-a-funding-2015-6\">questo articolo</a> (in inglese), che definisce le "
"pubblicazioni come “<a href=\"#Content\">contenuto</a>”."
-# | The [-limited-] {+narrow+} thinking associated with
-# | [-“consumers” leads to outrages-] {+the idea that we
-# | “consume content” paves the way for laws+} such as the
-# | [-CBDTPA (“Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion
-# | Act”) which proposed-] {+DMCA that forbid users+} to [-require-]
-# | {+break the+} <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";>Digital
-# | Restrictions [-Management (DRM)</a>-] {+Management</a> (DRM)+} facilities
-# | in [-every-] digital device{+s+}. If [-all the-] users {+think what
-# | they+} do {+with these devices+} is “consume,” [-why should-]
-# | they [-object?-] {+may see such restrictions as natural.+}
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The limited thinking associated with “consumers” leads to "
-#| "outrages such as the CBDTPA (“Consumer Broadband and Digital "
-#| "Television Promotion Act”) which proposed to require <a href="
-#| "\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";>Digital Restrictions Management (DRM)</"
-#| "a> facilities in every digital device. If all the users do is “"
-#| "consume,” why should they object?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The narrow thinking associated with the idea that we “consume "
"content” paves the way for laws such as the DMCA that forbid users to "
@@ -714,21 +693,7 @@
"duplicabili le stesse conclusioni che sono state tratte per beni materiali "
"non duplicabili."
-# | In addition, describing the users of software as “consumers”
-# | [-presumes they-] {+refers to a framing in which people+} are limited to
-# | [-helplessly-] selecting [-from-] {+between+} whatever
-# | “products” are available in the “market.” There is
-# | no room in this [-mind-set-] {+framing+} for the idea that users can {+<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">directly+}
-# | exercise control over [-the software they use.-] {+what a program
-# | does</a>.+}
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In addition, describing the users of software as “consumers” "
-#| "presumes they are limited to helplessly selecting from whatever “"
-#| "products” are available in the “market.” There is no "
-#| "room in this mind-set for the idea that users can exercise control over "
-#| "the software they use."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, describing the users of software as “consumers” "
"refers to a framing in which people are limited to selecting between "
@@ -743,15 +708,7 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">esercitare "
"diretto controllo</a> sul software che utilizzano."
-# | To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest
-# | terms such as “individuals” and [-“citizens”
-# | — not-] {+“citizens,” rather than+}
-# | “consumers.”
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we "
-#| "suggest terms such as “individuals” and “"
-#| "citizens” — not “consumers.”"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest "
"terms such as “individuals” and “citizens,” rather "
@@ -761,14 +718,7 @@
"computer, suggeriamo termini come \"individui\" e \"cittadini\", non "
"\"consumatori\"."
-# | [-The-]{+This+} problem with the word “consumer” has been <a
-# |
href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-williams\";>[-
-# | -]noted before</a>.
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The problem with the word “consumer” has been <a href="
-#| "\"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-";
-#| "language-raymond-williams\"> noted before</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This problem with the word “consumer” has been <a href=\"http://";
"www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-"
@@ -1882,9 +1832,9 @@
"your privacy, try one of the <a href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:";
"Skype_Replacement\"> numerous free Skype replacements</a>."
msgstr ""
-"Non usate il neologismo “skypare” per indicare una "
-"(video)chiamata via Internet. Skype è solo uno dei tanti programmi per "
-"questo scopo, e per di più è software proprietario e <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"Non usate il neologismo “skypare” per indicare una (video)"
+"chiamata via Internet. Skype è solo uno dei tanti programmi per questo "
+"scopo, e per di più è software proprietario e <a href=\"/philosophy/"
"proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#SpywareInSkype\"> spia i propri "
"utenti</a>. Per effettuare (video)chiamate via Internet in un modo che "
"rispetti la vostra libertà e la vostra privacy, usate uno dei tanti <a href="
@@ -1956,9 +1906,7 @@
"informazione chiara, ma dà l'opportunità di usare “open source”
"
"in pagine dedicate al software libero."
-# | [-“Commercial”-]{+“Terminal”+}
#. type: Content of: <h3>
-#| msgid "“Commercial”"
msgid "“Terminal”"
msgstr "“Terminale”"
Index: proprietary/malware-microsoft.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/malware-microsoft.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- proprietary/malware-microsoft.it.html 15 Apr 2015 13:02:30 -0000
1.1
+++ proprietary/malware-microsoft.it.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:49 -0000
1.2
@@ -44,7 +44,12 @@
<p>Ulteriori informazioni su quando <a
href="http://slated.org/windows_by_stealth_the_updates_you_dont_want";>è
-stata usata</a>.</p></li>
+stata usata</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In Windows 10 la backdoor universale non è più nascosta: tutti gli
+“aggironamenti“ saranno <a
+href="http://www.appy-geek.com/Web/ArticleWeb.aspx?regionid=1&articleid=42633691&source=googleplus";>forzati
+e immediati</a>.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2500036/desktop-apps/microsoft--we-can-remotely-delete-windows-8-apps.html";>Windows
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -175,9 +180,8 @@
<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Questa pagina è distribuita secondo i termini della licenza <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.it";>Creative
-Commons Attribuzione - Non opere derivate 3.0 Stati Uniti</a> (CC BY-ND
-3.0).</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribuzione - Non opere derivate 4.0 internazionale</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0).</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.it.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -188,7 +192,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2015/04/15 13:02:30 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.it.html 15 Apr 2015 13:02:26 -0000
1.1
+++ proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.it.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:49 -0000
1.2
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@
href="http://slated.org/windows_by_stealth_the_updates_you_dont_want";>è
stata usata</a>.
</p>
+<p>In Windows 10 la backdoor universale non è più nascosta: tutti gli
+“aggironamenti“ saranno <a
+href="http://www.appy-geek.com/Web/ArticleWeb.aspx?regionid=1&articleid=42633691&source=googleplus";>forzati
+e immediati</a>.
+</p>
</li>
<li>
@@ -254,9 +259,8 @@
<p>Copyright © 2014-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Questa pagina è distribuita secondo i termini della licenza <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.it";>Creative
-Commons Attribuzione - Non opere derivate 3.0 Stati Uniti</a> (CC BY-ND
-3.0).</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribuzione - Non opere derivate 4.0 internazionale</a> (CC BY-ND 4.0).</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.it.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2015/04/15 13:02:26 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it-en.html 15 Apr 2015 13:03:11 -0000
1.1
+++ proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it-en.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:49 -0000
1.2
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
<p>More information on when <a
href="http://slated.org/windows_by_stealth_the_updates_you_dont_want";>
- this was used</a>.</p></li>
+ this was used</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In Windows 10, the universal back door is no longer hidden; all
“upgrades“ will be
+ <a
href="http://www.appy-geek.com/Web/ArticleWeb.aspx?regionid=1&articleid=42633691&source=googleplus";>forcibly
and immediately imposed</a>.</p></li>
<li><p><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2500036/desktop-apps/microsoft--we-can-remotely-delete-windows-8-apps.html";>
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -157,14 +160,14 @@
<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/04/15 13:03:11 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:35:19 -0000
1.7
+++ proprietary/po/malware-microsoft.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:57:50 -0000
1.8
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-06-03 15:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -305,12 +304,7 @@
msgid "Copyright © 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#| "NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html 15 Apr 2015 13:03:00
-0000 1.1
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it-en.html 25 Jun 2015 09:57:50
-0000 1.2
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@
<a href="http://slated.org/windows_by_stealth_the_updates_you_dont_want";>
this was used</a>.
</p>
+<p>In Windows 10, the universal back door is no longer hidden; all
+“upgrades” will
+be <a
href="http://www.appy-geek.com/Web/ArticleWeb.aspx?regionid=1&articleid=42633691&source=googleplus";>forcibly
+and immediately imposed</a>.
+</p>
</li>
<li>
@@ -221,14 +226,14 @@
<p>Copyright © 2014-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/04/15 13:03:00 $
+$Date: 2015/06/25 09:57:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:35:19 -0000
1.7
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:57:50 -0000
1.8
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-06-02 17:57+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:35:19 -0000
1.20
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-insecurity.it.po 25 Jun 2015 09:57:50 -0000
1.21
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@
"archiviazione di massa</a>. Questo rende ogni sistema vulnerabile ad "
"attacchi persistenti e non individuabili tramite i normali metodi forensi."
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
# | <a
# |
href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-05-app-vulnerability-threatens-millions-users.html\";>
# | Many smartphone apps use insecure authentication methods when storing your
@@ -260,7 +261,6 @@
# | passwords, and health information vulnerable. Because many of these apps
# | are proprietary it makes it hard to impossible to know which apps are at
# | risk.
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<a href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-05-app-vulnerability-threatens-";
| [Prev in Thread] |
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