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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy free-sw.ru.html philosophy.ru.ht... |
Date: |
Tue, 18 Jun 2013 11:28:49 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/06/18 11:28:49
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.ru.html philosophy.ru.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.ru-en.html free-sw.ru.po
philosophy.ru-en.html philosophy.ru.po
who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
Patches:
Index: free-sw.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- free-sw.ru.html 27 May 2013 04:28:34 -0000 1.32
+++ free-sw.ru.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:47 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html" -->
@@ -239,8 +240,19 @@
ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
как
ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ
не коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи лÑдей вне
ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. ÐÑак, лиÑензии
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не должнÑ
-ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как ÑÑловиÑ
-пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод.
+ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как
+ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑоÑÑое Ñпоминание о ÑÑÑеÑÑвовании
ÑкÑпоÑÑнÑÑ
ноÑм, без вклÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
в
+ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ñамой лиÑензии, пÑиемлемо,
поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо не огÑаниÑиваеÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑли ÑкÑпоÑÑнÑе ноÑÐ¼Ñ Ð²
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи ÑÑивиалÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ñо ÑÑебование иÑ
ÑоблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² каÑеÑÑве ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²
+дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
пÑоблемÑ; однако ÑÑо поÑенÑиалÑнаÑ
+пÑоблема, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑÑее изменение
в законодаÑелÑÑÑве могло бÑ
+ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо ÑÑебование неÑÑивиалÑнÑм и
Ñем ÑамÑм обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²
+неÑвободнÑÑ.
</p>
<p>
@@ -360,6 +372,12 @@
<ul>
<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">ÐеÑÑиÑ
+1.122</a>: ТÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑеалÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ,
+еÑли ÑÑебование неÑÑивиалÑно; в пÑоÑивном
ÑлÑÑае ÑÑо ÑолÑко поÑенÑиалÑнаÑ
+пÑоблема.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">ÐеÑÑиÑ
1.111</a>: ÐоÑÑнение 1.77 вÑÑказÑванием, ÑÑо
ÑолÑко <em>огÑаниÑениÑ</em>
поÑле ÑакÑа ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑимÑ.
ÐÑавообладаÑели могÑÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ
@@ -467,44 +485,69 @@
cvsweb</a>.</p>
+
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
-href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.
-<br />
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
-пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
-пеÑеводам”</a>.
-</p>
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
-</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
-пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.
-</p>
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -516,14 +559,11 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/05/27 04:28:34 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
-
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- philosophy.ru.html 18 May 2013 06:42:36 -0000 1.28
+++ philosophy.ru.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:47 -0000 1.29
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/philosophy.en.html" -->
@@ -17,6 +18,11 @@
</div>
<!-- id="education-content" -->
+<blockquote><p>
+ÐвÑкозапиÑи ÑеÑей РиÑаÑда СÑолмена Ñм. на <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/">audio-video.gnu.org</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+
<p>ÐÑÑажение “ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”
ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо Ñ ÐµÐµ полÑзоваÑелей
еÑÑÑ Ñвобода. (ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑвÑзан Ñ
Ñеной.) ÐÑ ÑазÑабоÑали опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей могла
бÑÑÑ Ñвобода в иÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
@@ -81,12 +87,7 @@
на благо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной
ÑеÑ
ники и ÑÑедÑÑв ÑлекÑÑонной
ÑвÑзи</a>.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
- and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -96,33 +97,58 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
-href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.
-<br />
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
-пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
-пеÑеводам”</a>.
-</p>
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
-пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.
-</p>
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -138,7 +164,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/05/18 06:42:36 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html 7 Jun 2013 05:58:21 -0000
1.26
+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:47 -0000
1.27
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.en.html" -->
@@ -14,13 +15,22 @@
<p><strong>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
-<p>(ÐеÑвонаÑалÑно опÑбликовано в <a
+<blockquote><p>(ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ñла опÑбликована в
<a
href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
-“ÐоÑÑон ÑевÑÑ”</a>)</p>
+“ÐоÑÑон ÑевÑÑ”</a>)</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>Ð ÐнÑеÑнеÑе Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе поÑеÑÑÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
-неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.
“ÐÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги” — еÑе один
-ÑпоÑоб пеÑедаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим влаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ваÑими
вÑÑиÑлениÑми.</strong></p>
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. “УÑлÑги вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм” — еÑе
+один ÑпоÑоб пеÑедаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим влаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ваÑими вÑÑиÑлениÑми.</strong></p>
+
+УÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑлÑгÑ,
ÑеализованнÑÑ ÐºÐµÐ¼-Ñо дÑÑгим как
+Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ñвоей копии
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑо наÑе вÑÑажение; в ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
+и в Ñекламе оно не ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ, и Ñам не
говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑамм. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого они пÑименÑÑÑ
ÑаÑплÑвÑаÑое и оÑвлекаÑÑее Ñлово
+“облаÑнÑй”, коÑоÑое ÑÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑлÑги
вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм в Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐºÑÑÑ
+Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими меÑодами, некоÑоÑÑе из коÑоÑÑÑ
пÑедоÑÑдиÑелÑнÑ, а
+некоÑоÑÑе — неÑ. СледÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнениÑм и
пÑимеÑам, даннÑм на ÑÑой
+ÑÑÑаниÑе, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе опÑеделиÑÑ, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
ли ÑÑлÑга ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ.
<h3>ÐбзоÑ: как неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
оÑнимаÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑвободÑ</h3>
@@ -29,7 +39,7 @@
<em>неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ</em>: пÑогÑаммÑ,
коÑоÑÑе полÑзоваÑели не могÑÑ
конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо иÑ
конÑÑолиÑÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÑ (ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, как
Apple или Microsoft). ÐÐ»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÑ ÑаÑÑо полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
ÑÑой неÑпÑаведливой влаÑÑÑÑ,
-вÑÑавлÑÑ Ñакие вÑедоноÑнÑе оÑобенноÑÑи,
как лазейки, Ñлежка и <a
+вÑÑавлÑÑ Ñакие вÑедоноÑнÑе оÑобенноÑÑи,
как ÑеÑнÑе Ñ
одÑ, Ñлежка и <a
href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми</a>
(коÑоÑое иÑ
пÑопаганда назÑваеÑ
“ÑпÑавлением ÑиÑÑовÑми
пÑавами”).</p>
@@ -39,220 +49,285 @@
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑе важнÑÑ
ÑвободÑ:
(0) вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, как
вам Ñгодно; (1) изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð°
делала, ÑÑо вам Ñгодно;
(2) ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑоÑнÑе копии; и
-(3) ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñе вами
веÑÑии. (См. <a
-href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">опÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>.)</p>
+(3) ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñе вами
веÑÑии (Ñм. <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">опÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>).</p>
<p>СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼,
полÑзоваÑелÑм, Ñнова полÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолÑ
над Ñвоими вÑÑиÑлениÑми. ÐеÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-пÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑ, но мÑ
можем иÑклÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
из Ñвоей жизни, и многие
из Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñделали ÑÑо. Ðднако
ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑаем пеÑед новой ÑгÑозой
наÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñвоими
-вÑÑиÑлениÑми: пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами. Ради
Ñвоей ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑказаÑÑÑÑ
-и Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
.</p>
+вÑÑиÑлениÑми: ÑÑлÑгами вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм. Ð
ади Ñвоей ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
+оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
.</p>
-<h3>Ðак пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги оÑнимаÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
ÑвободÑ</h3>
+<h3>Ðак ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм оÑнимаÑÑ
ваÑÑ ÑвободÑ</h3>
-<p>“ÐÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга” (SaaS) ознаÑаеÑ,
ÑÑо кÑо-Ñо наÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²
-ÑеÑи ÑеÑвеÑ, коÑоÑÑй ÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑе
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе задаÑи: обÑабаÑÑваеÑ
-ÑлекÑÑоннÑе ÑаблиÑÑ, веÑÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑекÑÑÑ,
пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
на дÑÑгой ÑзÑк и
-Ñ. д. — и заÑем пÑиглаÑаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
-вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом ÑеÑвеÑе. ÐолÑзоваÑели
поÑÑлаÑÑ Ñвои даннÑе на ÑеÑвеÑ,
-коÑоÑÑй обÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавленнÑе
Ñаким обÑазом даннÑе, а заÑем
-ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ или пÑоизводиÑ
дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑедÑÑвенно над ними.</p>
+<p>“УÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммє ознаÑаеÑ
полÑзование ÑÑлÑгой как
+заменой вÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ñвоей копии
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐонкÑеÑно ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо
+кÑо-Ñо ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑеÑи ÑеÑвеÑ,
коÑоÑÑй ÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑе
+вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе задаÑи, напÑимеÑ, изменÑеÑ
ÑоÑогÑаÑии, пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑекÑÑ Ñ
+одного ÑзÑка на дÑÑгой и Ñ. д. — а
заÑем пÑиглаÑаеÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
помоÑÑÑ ÑÑого ÑеÑвеÑа. ÐолÑзоваÑелÑ
+ÑеÑвеÑа поÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ñвои даннÑе на ÑеÑвеÑ,
коÑоÑÑй пÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ <em>ÑобÑÑвеннÑе
+вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого полÑзоваÑелÑ</em> по
пÑедоÑÑавленнÑм Ñаким обÑазом даннÑм,
+а заÑем вÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ полÑзоваÑелÑ
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ непоÑÑедÑÑвенно
+пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸
полÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо <em>ÑобÑÑвеннÑе</em> вÑÑиÑлениÑ
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑолÑкÑ, поÑколÑкÑ
+полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ Ð±Ñ Ð² пÑинÑипе пÑовеÑÑи иÑ
, вÑполнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем
+ÑобÑÑвенном компÑÑÑеÑе (незавиÑимо оÑ
Ñого, доÑÑÑпна Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²
+наÑÑоÑÑий Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑа пÑогÑамма или неÑ).
Ðогда ÑÑо пÑедположение не
+вÑполнÑеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо не ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑи ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑк
полÑзоваÑелей еÑе более неÑмолимо, Ñем
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Ð ÑлÑÑае
неÑвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ
обÑÑно
еÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑполнÑемÑй Ñайл, но Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного
ÑекÑÑа. ÐÑо ÑилÑно заÑÑÑднÑеÑ
-пÑогÑаммиÑÑам изÑÑение пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
вÑполнÑеÑÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑÑдно
-опÑеделиÑÑ, Ñем в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи занÑÑа
пÑогÑамма, и ÑÑÑдно измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
+изÑÑение пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑеÑÑÑ,
Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑÑдно опÑеделиÑÑ, Ñем в
+дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи занÑÑа пÑогÑамма, и
ÑÑÑдно измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
-<p>Ð ÑлÑÑае пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ иÑполнÑемого Ñайла: он
-наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе, где полÑзоваÑели его
не видÑÑ Ð¸ не оÑÑзаÑÑ. Таким
-обÑазом, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
невозможно пÑовеÑиÑÑ, Ñем
в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи занÑÑа
-пÑогÑамма, и невозможно измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
+<p>Ð ÑлÑÑае ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ иÑполнÑемого Ñайла
+пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
вÑÑиÑлениÑ: он наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑжом ÑеÑвеÑе,
+где полÑзоваÑели его не видÑÑ Ð¸ не оÑÑзаÑÑ.
Таким обÑазом, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+невозможно пÑовеÑиÑÑ, Ñем в
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи занÑÑа пÑогÑамма, и
невозможно
+измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ.</p>
-<p>Ðолее Ñого, пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги
авÑомаÑиÑеÑки ведÑÑ Ðº вÑеднÑм
поÑледÑÑвиÑм,
+<p>Ðолее Ñого, ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ
авÑомаÑиÑеÑки пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº поÑледÑÑвиÑм,
коÑоÑÑе ÑквиваленÑÐ½Ñ Ð²ÑедоноÑнÑм
оÑобенноÑÑÑм опÑеделеннÑÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
-пÑогÑамм. ÐапÑимеÑ, некоÑоÑÑе ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ “ÑпионÑÑ”:
-пÑогÑамма вÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе о
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
-полÑзоваÑелÑ. Microsoft Windows поÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑведениÑ
о деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
-полÑзоваÑелей в Microsoft. Windows Media Player и RealPlayer
докладÑваÑÑ,
-ÑÑо ÑмоÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй
полÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
-
-<p>РоÑлиÑие он неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
пÑогÑаммам-ÑÑлÑгам не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑайнÑÑ
-подпÑогÑамм, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе
полÑзоваÑелÑ. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого полÑзоваÑели
-Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑлаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе на ÑеÑвеÑ, ÑÑобÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼. ÐÑо пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ñем
-же ÑезÑлÑÑаÑам, ÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑпионÑ:
опеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе. Ðн
-полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
без дополниÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑÑилий,
еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг
-обÑазом.</p>
-
-<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
команде из ÑеÑи могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑоломно
-по оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº полÑзоваÑелÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ, Ñ
Windows еÑÑÑ ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од, по
-коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Microsoft Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинÑдиÑелÑно
изменÑÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° маÑине. У
-пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг Amazon
Kindle (название Kindle
-(зажигаÑÑ) говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, ÑÑо она
пÑедназнаÑена Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³
-полÑзоваÑелей) еÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑлловÑкий ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од, коÑоÑÑм ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Amazon
-воÑполÑзовалаÑÑ Ð² 2009 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ <a
-href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html"
->диÑÑанÑионного ÑдалениÑ</a> копий книг
ÐÑÑÑлла “1984” и
-“СкоÑнÑй двоє, пÑиобÑеÑеннÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑми Ñ Amazon.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга авÑомаÑиÑеÑки даеÑ
опеÑаÑоÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑа влаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ
-дейÑÑвÑÑÑие пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ даннÑе
полÑзоваÑелÑ, коÑоÑÑе обÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑе
-Ñаз: Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого не нÑжно ниÑего допиÑÑваÑÑ Ð²
пÑогÑамме.</p>
-
-<p>Таким обÑазом, пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга ознаÑаеÑ
ÑоÑалÑнÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð¸ ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од
-ÑиÑиной в пÑопаÑÑÑ; она Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑÑ
ÑеÑвеÑа неÑпÑаведливÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
-полÑзоваÑелем. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ можем допÑÑÑиÑÑ
ÑÑого.</p>
-
-<h3>Разделение пÑоблем пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг и
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</h3>
-
-<p>ÐÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги и неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÑ Ðº ÑÑ
однÑм вÑеднÑм
-поÑледÑÑвиÑм, но пÑиÑиннÑе ÑвÑзи ÑазлиÑнÑ.
Ð ÑлÑÑае неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
-пÑиÑина в Ñом, ÑÑо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑановлена и
пÑименÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ, коÑоÑÑÑ ÑÑÑдно и
-незаконно изменÑÑÑ. Ð ÑлÑÑае
пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг пÑиÑина в Ñом, ÑÑо вÑ
-полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÐµÐ¹, коÑоÑой Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ.</p>
+пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p> ÐапÑимеÑ, некоÑоÑÑе неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ “ÑпионÑÑ”: пÑогÑамма
+вÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе о вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи полÑзоваÑелÑ. Microsoft
+Windows поÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ деÑÑелÑноÑÑи
полÑзоваÑелей в Microsoft. Windows
+Media Player докладÑваеÑ, ÑÑо ÑмоÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑаеÑ
каждÑй полÑзоваÑелÑ. Amazon
+Kindle докладÑваеÑ, в какие ÑÑÑаниÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
книг заглÑдÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸
+когда он ÑÑо делаеÑ. Angry Birds докладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±
иÑÑоÑии пеÑемеÑениÑ
+полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>РоÑлиÑие Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм,
ÑÑлÑгам вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ
+поÑайнÑÑ
подпÑогÑамм, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ
даннÑе полÑзоваÑелÑ. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого
+полÑзоваÑели Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑлаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе на
ÑеÑвеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼. ÐÑо
+пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ñем же ÑезÑлÑÑаÑам, ÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑпионÑ: опеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа
+полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе — без дополниÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑÑилий, в ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ñамой пÑиÑодÑ
+ÑÑлÑги.</p>
+
+<p>РнекоÑоÑÑÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
еÑÑÑ ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑй ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од,
+позволÑÑÑий кое-ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñдаленно
ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñе пÑогÑаммÑ.
ÐапÑимеÑ,
+в Windows еÑÑÑ ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑй ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од, ÑеÑез
коÑоÑÑй Microsoft можеÑ
+пÑинÑдиÑелÑно изменÑÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
маÑине. Ðни еÑÑÑ Ð¸ поÑÑи во вÑеÑ
+мобилÑнÑÑ
ÑелеÑонаÑ
. У некоÑоÑÑÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑиложений Ñакже еÑÑÑ
+ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑй ÑеÑнÑй Ñ
од; напÑимеÑ, клиенÑ
Steam Ð´Ð»Ñ GNU/Linux позволÑеÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ñдаленно ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ
измененнÑе веÑÑии.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑлÑÑае ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм опеÑаÑоÑ
ÑеÑвеÑа Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑполÑзÑемÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе. Ðн должен бÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑоÑÑоÑнии делаÑÑ ÑÑо, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо
+его компÑÑÑеÑ; но ÑезÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваеÑÑÑ
Ñаким же, как пÑи полÑзовании
+неÑвободной пÑикладной пÑогÑаммой Ñ
ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑм ÑеÑнÑм Ñ
одом:
+кое Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ñа
навÑзÑваÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, как
+пÑоводÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Таким обÑазом, ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ
ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñполнение неÑвободной
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñо Ñлежкой и ÑнивеÑÑалÑнÑм
ÑеÑнÑм Ñ
одом. Ðна Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑÑ
+ÑеÑвеÑа неÑпÑаведливÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
полÑзоваÑелем, и ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑой влаÑÑи
+Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑопÑоÑивлÑÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3>УÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм и
пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги</h3>
+
+<p>ÐеÑвонаÑалÑно Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÑлалиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑ
пÑоблемаÑиÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº на
+“пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги” (SaaS). ÐÑо
обÑеÑпоÑÑебиÑелÑное вÑÑажение,
+ознаÑаÑÑее ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе
вмеÑÑо Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑедлагаÑÑ ÐµÐµ
+копии полÑзоваÑелÑм, и Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ñмали, ÑÑо оно
опиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ Ñе ÑлÑÑаи, в
+коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñоблема.</p>
+
+<p>ÐпоÑледÑÑвии Ð¼Ñ Ñзнали, ÑÑо вÑÑажение
“пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга” иногда
+ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑлÑг
ÑвÑзи — деÑÑелÑноÑÑи, длÑ
+коÑоÑой ÑÑа пÑоблема не ÑÑоиÑ. ÐÑоме Ñого,
вÑÑажение
+“пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга” не обÑÑÑнÑеÑ,
<em>Ñем</em> плоÑ
а ÑÑа
+пÑакÑика. Так ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑабоÑали вÑÑажение
“ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑаммє, коÑоÑое более ÑÑно
опÑеделÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑоÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¸
+поÑÑнÑеÑ, Ñем она плоÑ
а.</p>
+
+<h3>Разделение пÑоблем ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм и неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</h3>
+
+<p>УÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм и неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÑ Ðº ÑÑ
однÑм вÑеднÑм
+поÑледÑÑвиÑм, но меÑ
Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ñ ÑÑого ÑазлиÑнÑ.
Ð ÑлÑÑае неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑановлена и пÑименÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ,
изменÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ ÑÑÑдно и незаконно. Ð
+ÑлÑÑае ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ
копии пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑ
+ваÑи вÑÑиÑлениÑ.</p>
<p>ÐÑи две пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑо ÑмеÑиваÑÑ, и ÑÑо
не ÑлÑÑайно. РазÑабоÑÑики пÑогÑамм
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑманнÑм
ÑеÑмином
“инÑеÑнеÑ-пÑиложение”, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвалиÑÑ
в Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐºÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
ÑеÑвеÑа и пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе вÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ
на ваÑей маÑине в
-бÑаÑзеÑе. ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑайÑÑ Ð²Ñеменно
ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в бÑаÑÐ·ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑивиалÑнÑе
-и даже кÑÑпнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑзÑке JavaScript, не
говоÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ об ÑÑом. <a
+бÑаÑзеÑе. ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑайÑÑ ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ
вам в бÑаÑÐ·ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑивиалÑнÑе и даже
+кÑÑпнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑзÑке JavaScript, не
говоÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ об ÑÑом. <a
href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Ðогда ÑÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
неÑвободнÑ</a>,
-ÑÑо Ñак же плоÑ
о, как лÑбÑе дÑÑгие
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðднако здеÑÑ Ð¼Ñ
-ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваем пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм на Ñамом
ÑеÑвеÑе.</p>
+ÑÑо пÑоблема Ñого же ÑоÑÑа, как лÑбÑе
дÑÑгие неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðднако
+здеÑÑ Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваем пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм
на Ñамом ÑеÑвеÑе.</p>
<p>Ðногие ÑÑоÑонники ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
полагаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑазÑабоÑка ÑвободнÑÑ
-пÑогÑамм Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑвеÑов ÑеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ
пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑа ÑеÑвеÑа
-лÑÑÑе, когда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе
ÑвободнÑ; еÑли они неÑвободнÑе, Ñ Ð¸Ñ
-владелÑÑев еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑеÑвеÑом. ÐÑо
неÑпÑаведливо по оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
-опеÑаÑоÑÑ Ð¸ ниÑем не Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼. Ðо еÑли
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе ÑвободнÑ,
-ÑÑо не заÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ <em>как полÑзоваÑелÑ
ÑеÑвеÑа</em> Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвиÑ
-пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг. Ðни даÑÑ ÑвободÑ
опеÑаÑоÑÑ, но не вам.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÑбликаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов пÑогÑамм
ÑеÑвеÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва полезна:
-доÑÑаÑоÑно компеÑенÑнÑе полÑзоваÑели
могÑÑ Ð¾ÑганизоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе ÑеÑвеÑÑ,
-возможно, Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñми пÑогÑаммами. Ðо ни
один из ÑÑиÑ
ÑеÑвеÑов не даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
-конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ вÑÑиÑлениÑми, коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°
нем пÑоводиÑе, еÑли ÑÑо не
-<em>ваÑ</em> ÑеÑвеÑ. ÐÑе оÑÑалÑное — ÑÑо
-пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги. ÐÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга вÑегда
подÑинÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи опеÑаÑоÑа
-ÑеÑвеÑа, и единÑÑвенное ÑÑедÑÑво оÑ
ÑÑого — <em>не полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ
-пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами!</em> Ðе полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ
каким Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÑÑжим ÑеÑвеÑом
-Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñвоей ÑобÑÑвенной обÑабоÑки даннÑÑ
,
пÑедоÑÑавленнÑÑ
вами.</p>
-
-<h3>ÐÑлиÑие пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
ÑеÑевÑÑ
ÑÑлÑг</h3>
-
-<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÐµÑе пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг, Ñо
знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑказÑваеÑеÑÑ
-полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑми ÑеÑевÑми ÑеÑвеÑами,
коÑоÑÑе конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе не вÑ?
-ÐиÑÑÑÑ. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑва ÑеÑвеÑов ÑÑа
пÑоблема не ÑÑоиÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо задаÑи,
-коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° ниÑ
ÑеÑаеÑе, не ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ
ваÑими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми вÑÑиÑлениÑми,
-кÑоме пÑоÑÑейÑиÑ
.</p>
-
-<p>ÐзнаÑалÑно назнаÑением ÑеÑвеÑов
ÐнÑеÑнеÑа бÑло не пÑоизводиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
-вÑÑиÑлениÑ, а пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ доÑÑÑп к
инÑоÑмаÑии. Ðаже ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾
-ÑÑим занимаеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑво ÑайÑов, а ÑÑо
не пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº пÑоблеме
-пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо доÑÑÑп к
ÑÑим-либо опÑбликованнÑм ÑведениÑм не
-Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð¾ÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº ваÑим ÑобÑÑвеннÑм
вÑÑиÑлениÑм. ТоÑно Ñак же, как
-пÑбликаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
маÑеÑиалов
на ÑайÑе блогов или Ñакой ÑлÑжбе
-микÑоблогов, как Twitter или identi.ca. То же Ñамое
каÑаеÑÑÑ ÑообÑений,
-коÑоÑÑе не подÑазÑмеваеÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ Ð²
Ñайне, ÑакиÑ
, как ÑоÑÑмÑ. СоÑиалÑнÑе
-ÑеÑи могÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
одиÑÑ Ð² пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги,
однако в оÑнове Ñвоей ÑÑо ÑолÑко
-ÑÑедÑÑва ÑвÑзи и пÑбликаÑии, а не
пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ
-ÑлÑжбой Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑ
пÑавок Ñого, ÑÑо вÑ
ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑедаÑÑ, ÑÑо не имееÑ
-знаÑениÑ.</p>
+пÑогÑамм Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑвеÑов ÑеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ
ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑа
+ÑеÑвеÑа лÑÑÑе, когда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе
ÑвободнÑ; еÑли они неÑвободнÑе, Ñ
+иÑ
владелÑÑев еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑеÑвеÑом.
ÐÑо неÑпÑаведливо по оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
+опеÑаÑоÑÑ Ð¸ ниÑем не помогаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм. Ðо еÑли пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе
+ÑвободнÑ, ÑÑо не заÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ <em>полÑзоваÑелей
ÑеÑвеÑа</em> Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑлÑг
+вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм. Ðни даÑÑ ÑвободÑ
опеÑаÑоÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑа, но не его
+полÑзоваÑелÑм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑбликаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов пÑогÑамм
ÑеÑвеÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва полезна: она
+позволÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно компеÑенÑнÑм
полÑзоваÑелÑм оÑганизоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе
+ÑеÑвеÑÑ, возможно, Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñми
пÑогÑаммами. <a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> ÐÑ ÑекомендÑем
пÑименÑÑÑ GNU
+Affero GPL</a> в каÑеÑÑве лиÑензии пÑогÑамм,
ÑаÑÑо иÑполÑзÑемÑÑ
на ÑеÑвеÑаÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо ни один из ÑÑиÑ
ÑеÑвеÑов не даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ вÑÑиÑлениÑми, коÑоÑÑе
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð° нем пÑоводиÑе, еÑли ÑÑо не <em>ваÑ</em>
ÑеÑвеÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑимо
+довеÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑе ÑабоÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ñвоего
пÑиÑÑелÑ, ÑоÑно Ñак же, как вÑ
+могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑелÑ
админиÑÑÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ваÑем
+компÑÑÑеÑе. ÐÑе пÑоÑее ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ. УÑлÑга
+вмеÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñегда подÑинÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
влаÑÑи опеÑаÑоÑа ÑеÑвеÑа, и
+единÑÑвенное ÑÑедÑÑво Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого —
<em>не полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ ÑÑлÑгами
+вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм!</em> Ðе полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÑÑжим ÑеÑвеÑом длÑ
+Ñвоей ÑобÑÑвенной обÑабоÑки даннÑÑ
,
пÑедоÑÑавленнÑÑ
вами.</p>
+
+<h3>РазлиÑие Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑÑлÑгами вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм
и дÑÑгими ÑеÑевÑми ÑÑлÑгами</h3>
+
+<p>Ðакие ÑеÑевÑе ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой
ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм? СамÑй ÑÑкий
+пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ — ÑлÑжба пеÑевода, коÑоÑаÑ
пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ (напÑимеÑ) английÑкий
+ÑекÑÑ Ð½Ð° иÑпанÑкий. ÐеÑевод ÑекÑÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑо ваÑим
+вÑÑиÑлением. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо,
вÑполнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем ÑобÑÑвенном
+компÑÑÑеÑе, еÑли ÑолÑко Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñла Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ
одÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма (ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+ÑÑиÑной, ÑÑа пÑогÑамма должна бÑÑÑ
Ñвободной). СлÑжба пеÑевода заменÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð° оÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+в конÑÑоле над ваÑими вÑÑиÑлениÑми, она
поÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ дÑÑно.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑгой ÑÑкий пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ — пÑименение
Ñакой ÑлÑжбÑ, как Flickr или
+Instagram, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑии. Ðзменение
ÑоÑогÑаÑии —
+деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди пÑоводили на
ÑвоиÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
деÑÑÑилеÑиÑми;
+пÑоведение ÑÑой обÑабоÑки на ÑеÑвеÑе
вмеÑÑо ваÑего компÑÑÑеÑа ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑказ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм вмеÑÑо ÑÑлÑг не
ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñказ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð»ÑбÑми
+ÑеÑевÑми ÑеÑвеÑами, коÑоÑÑе конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе
не вÑ. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑва ÑеÑвеÑов
+пÑоблема пÑогÑамм вмеÑÑо ÑÑлÑг не ÑÑоиÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо задаÑи, коÑоÑÑе они
+ÑеÑаÑÑ, не ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑобÑÑвеннÑми
вÑÑиÑлениÑми полÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐзнаÑалÑно Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ ÑеÑвеÑов ÐнÑеÑнеÑа
ÑоÑÑоÑла не в Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑÑиÑлениÑ, а в Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ доÑÑÑп к инÑоÑмаÑии. Ðаже
+ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑим занимаеÑÑÑ
болÑÑинÑÑво ÑайÑов, а ÑÑо не пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº
+пÑоблеме ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
доÑÑÑп к ÑÑим-либо опÑбликованнÑм
+ÑведениÑм не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñим ÑобÑÑвеннÑм
вÑÑиÑлением. Ðак и пÑбликаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
+ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
маÑеÑиалов на ÑайÑе блогов
или Ñакой ÑлÑжбе микÑоблогов, как
+Twitter или StatusNet (Ñ ÑÑими ÑлÑжбами, конеÑно,
Ñоже могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.)
+То же Ñамое каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑвÑзи, коÑоÑÑÑ
не подÑазÑмеваеÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ Ð²
+Ñайне, Ñакой, как ÑоÑÑмÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑÑÑи Ñвоей ÑоÑиалÑнÑе ÑеÑи
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой ÑазновидноÑÑÑ ÑвÑзи и
+пÑбликаÑий, а не ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм.
Ðднако Ñ ÑлÑжбÑ, Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑнкÑиÑ
+коÑоÑой ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² поддеÑжании ÑоÑиалÑной
ÑеÑи, могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи или
+ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑе ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгами
вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>То, ÑÑо ÑлÑжба не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ, не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо в ней
+Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего дÑÑного. У ÑлÑжб еÑÑÑ Ð¸ дÑÑгие
ÑÑиÑеÑкие пÑоблемÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ,
+Facebook ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾ в ÑоÑмаÑе Flash,
ÑÑо пÑинÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
+к пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм; он
ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° JavaScript; кÑоме Ñого, ÑайÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей ложное
+оÑÑÑение конÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑи, ÑоблазнÑÑ Ð²
Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ñ
обнажаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ
+пеÑед Facebook. ÐÑо Ñоже важнÑе вопÑоÑÑ, но ÑÑа
ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑвÑÑена пÑоблеме
+ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм.
+</p>
<p>Такие ÑлÑжбÑ, как поиÑковÑе ÑеÑвеÑÑ,
ÑобиÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñе по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ Ð¸
-позволÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ иÑÑледоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐÑоÑмоÑÑ
ÑобÑаннÑÑ
ими даннÑÑ
— ÑÑо
-не ваÑи ÑобÑÑвеннÑе вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² обÑÑном
ÑмÑÑле (Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедоÑÑавлÑеÑе ÑÑиÑ
+позволÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ иÑÑледоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐÑоÑмоÑÑ
ÑобÑаннÑÑ
ими даннÑÑ
— не
+ваÑи ÑобÑÑвеннÑе вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² обÑÑном
ÑмÑÑле (Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедоÑÑавлÑеÑе ÑÑиÑ
ÑобÑаннÑÑ
даннÑÑ
), Ñак ÑÑо когда Ñакой
ÑлÑжбой полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¸Ñка в
-ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, ÑÑо не пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга. (Ðднако
еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÑÑим-Ñо
-ÑÑжим ÑеÑвеÑом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеализоваÑÑ
ÑÑедÑÑво поиÑка на ÑобÑÑвенном ÑайÑе, Ñо
-ÑÑо <em>ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ</em> пÑогÑаммой-ÑÑлÑгой.)</p>
-
-<p>ÐлекÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ — не
пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑи
-вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко ваÑи: они пÑоводÑÑÑÑ
ÑовмеÑÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ дÑÑгой
-ÑÑоÑонÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑобÑÑ
оÑнований
ожидаÑÑ, ÑÑо конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑÑими
-вÑÑиÑлениÑми бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð² ваÑиÑ
ÑÑкаÑ
. Ð
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи пÑоблема ÑлекÑÑонной
-коммеÑÑии ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, довеÑÑеÑе ли вÑ
дÑÑгой ÑÑоÑоне Ñвои денÑги и
-ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñвоей лиÑноÑÑи.</p>
-
-<p>ÐолÑзование ÑовмеÑÑнÑми ÑеÑвеÑами
пÑоекÑа — не пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга,
-поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вÑÑиÑлениÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ñаким
обÑазом пÑоводиÑе, не пÑинадлежаÑ
-вам лиÑно. ÐапÑимеÑ, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑавиÑе
ÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ðикипедии, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑоводиÑе
-ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлений: вÑ
пÑинимаеÑе ÑÑаÑÑие в вÑÑиÑлениÑÑ
Ðикипедии.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¸Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолиÑÑÐµÑ Ñвои ÑеÑвеÑÑ, но
гÑÑÐ¿Ð¿Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед пÑоблемой
-пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг, еÑли деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ Ð³ÑÑппÑ
пÑоÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑем-Ñо ÑÑжом
-ÑеÑвеÑе. Ð ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑа пÑоблема не
каÑаеÑÑÑ ÑайÑов Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков,
-ÑакиÑ
, как Savannah или SourceForge, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñам
гÑÑÐ¿Ð¿Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ
-главнÑм обÑазом пÑбликаÑией и оÑкÑÑÑÑм
обÑением, а не Ñвоими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми
-ÑаÑÑнÑми вÑÑиÑлениÑми.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÑÑпповÑе игÑÑ — ÑÑо коллекÑивнаÑ
деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ, пÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°
-ÑÑем-Ñо ÑÑжом ÑеÑвеÑе, и ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами. Ðо Ñам, где
-даннÑе — ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑоÑÑоÑние игÑÑ Ð¸
ÑÑеÑ, опеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð² Ñ
ÑдÑем
-ÑлÑÑае Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ-Ñо ÑоÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑиÑк
вполне можно игноÑиÑоваÑÑ,
-поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½ маловеÑоÑÑен и вÑеда можеÑ
нанеÑÑи не много. С дÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ,
-когда игÑа ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, Ñем пÑоÑÑо
игÑой, ÑÑо менÑÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾.</p>
-
-<p>“ÐдминиÑÑÑаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑаÑÑÑ-ÑÑлÑга”
(BaaS) ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑазновидноÑÑÑÑ
-пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð°
подÑазÑмеваеÑ, ÑÑо ваÑи ÑобÑÑвеннÑе ÑлÑжбÑ
-ÐнÑеÑнеÑа ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе. ÐÑли вÑ
-оÑганизÑеÑе ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
админиÑÑÑаÑивной ÑаÑÑи-ÑÑлÑги, Ñо ÑÑа
плаÑÑоÑма
-Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· ÑÑÑда ÑобиÑаÑÑ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº о
ваÑ, Ñак и о ваÑиÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑÑ
.</p>
-
-<p>Ðакие же ÑеÑевÑе ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами? ÐеÑомненнÑй
-пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ — Google Docs. ÐÑновной вид ее
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи —
-ÑедакÑиÑование, и Google пооÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
-нÑжд. ÐÑо — пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга. Ðна
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑелÑнÑÑ
-возможноÑÑÑ ÑовмеÑÑного ÑедакÑиÑованиÑ,
но добавление ÑÑаÑÑников не влиÑеÑ
-на ÑакÑ, ÑÑо ÑедакÑиÑование на
ÑеÑвеÑе — ÑÑо
-пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга. (ÐÑоме Ñого, Google Docs
непÑиемлема поÑомÑ, ÑÑо она
-ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐºÑÑпнÑÑ <a
href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
-неÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° JavaScript</a> в
бÑаÑзеÑе полÑзоваÑелÑ.) ÐÑли
-пÑименение ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва или
ÑвÑзи ÑÑебÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
-ÑеÑвеÑе знаÑиÑелÑного обÑема ваÑиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлений, ÑÑи вÑÑиÑлениÑ
-ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой-ÑÑлÑгой, неÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
Ñо, ÑÑо ÑвÑÐ·Ñ ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ.</p>
-
-<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑайÑÑ Ð¿ÑедлагаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко
ÑÑлÑг, и еÑли одна из ниÑ
—
-не пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга, Ñо дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÐµÑ
бÑÑÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ, Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑга ÑайÑа
-Facebook — ÑоÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑ, и ÑÑо не
пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга; однако он
-поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑеÑÑиÑ
ÑÑоÑон,
некоÑоÑÑе из коÑоÑÑÑ
могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
-пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами. ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑга
ÑайÑа Flickr —
-ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑоÑогÑаÑий, и ÑÑо не
пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга, но Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ еÑÑÑ Ñакже
-возможноÑÑи ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑий, а
ÑÑо — пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга.</p>
-
-<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑайÑÑ, Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑга коÑоÑÑÑ
— пÑбликаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑвÑзÑ,
-дополнÑÑÑÑÑ “ÑпÑавлением
конÑакÑами” — они ведÑÑ
-запиÑи о лÑдÑÑ
, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑвÑзи.
ÐÑпÑавление ÑообÑений ÑÑим
-лÑдÑм — не пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга, но
оÑÑлеживание ваÑиÑ
пеÑеговоÑов Ñ
-ними — еÑли ÑÑо ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно —
ÑÑо пÑогÑамма-ÑÑлÑга.</p>
+ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, ÑÑо не ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ.
Ðднако еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÑÑжим
+ÑеÑвеÑом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеализоваÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑво
поиÑка на ÑобÑÑвенном ÑайÑе, Ñо ÑÑо
+<em>ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ</em> ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐокÑпки по ÑеÑи — не ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑи
+вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ <em>ваÑи ÑобÑÑвеннÑе</em>: они
пÑоводÑÑÑÑ ÑовмеÑÑно Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ длÑ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ магазина. РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
пÑоблема покÑпок по ÑеÑи ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом,
+довеÑÑеÑе ли Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑÑоÑоне Ñвои денÑги
и дÑÑгие ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñвоей
+лиÑноÑÑи (наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего имени).</p>
+
+<p>Такие ÑайÑÑ-Ñ
ÑанилиÑа, как Savannah и SourceForge,
не обÑзаÑелÑно ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑлÑгами вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо иÑ
ÑабоÑа заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² пÑбликаÑии
+пеÑедаваемÑÑ
в ниÑ
даннÑÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>ÐолÑзование ÑовмеÑÑнÑми ÑеÑвеÑами
пÑоекÑа — не ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑаммÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вÑÑиÑлениÑ, коÑоÑÑе
Ð²Ñ Ñаким обÑазом пÑоводиÑе, не
+ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми. ÐапÑимеÑ,
еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑавиÑе ÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ðикипедии,
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑоводиÑе ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлений: Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑинимаеÑе ÑÑаÑÑие в
+вÑÑиÑлениÑÑ
Ðикипедии. ÐикипедиÑ
конÑÑолиÑÑÐµÑ Ñвои ÑобÑÑвеннÑе ÑеÑвеÑÑ, но
+как оÑганизаÑии, Ñак и ÑаÑÑнÑе лиÑа
ÑÑалкиваÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ñоблемой ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑамм, еÑли они пÑоводÑÑ Ñвои
вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑжом ÑеÑвеÑе.</p>
+
+<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑайÑÑ Ð¿ÑедлагаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко
ÑÑлÑг, и еÑли одна из ниÑ
не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
+ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñо дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ, Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑга
+ÑайÑа Facebook — ÑоÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑ, и ÑÑо не
ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑаммÑ; однако он поддеÑживаеÑ
пÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑеÑÑиÑ
ÑÑоÑон, некоÑоÑÑе из
+коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгами вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм. ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑга ÑайÑа
+Flickr — ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑоÑогÑаÑий, и
ÑÑо не ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑаммÑ, но Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ еÑÑÑ Ñакже
возможноÑÑи ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑий, а
+ÑÑо — ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ. ТоÑно
Ñак же пÑименение ÑайÑа
+Instagram Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑбликаÑии ÑоÑогÑаÑии не
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ, но
+пÑименение его Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑеобÑазованиÑ
ÑоÑогÑаÑии ÐµÑ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Google Docs показÑваеÑ, как Ñложно
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑениÑÑ
+однÑ-единÑÑвеннÑÑ ÑлÑжбÑ. Ðни пÑиглаÑаÑÑ
лÑдей ÑедакÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑÑ,
+вÑполнÑÑ ÐºÑÑпнÑÑ <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° JavaScript</a>, ÑÑо Ñже плоÑ
о. Ðднако
они пÑедлагаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑокол
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð³ÑÑзки и извлеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑов в
ÑÑандаÑÑнÑÑ
ÑоÑмаÑаÑ
. СвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма — ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
ÑÑо по ÑÑомÑ
+пÑоÑоколÑ. ÐÑа ÑÑ
ема полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑгой вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо в ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае Google Docs
пÑименÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо как
+Ñ
ÑанилиÑе. ÐоказÑваÑÑ Ð²Ñе Ñвои даннÑе
компании плоÑ
о, но ÑÑо пÑоблема
+конÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑи, а не ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм; завиÑимоÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпа к ваÑим
+даннÑм Ð¾Ñ ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ — ÑÑо плоÑ
о, но ÑÑо
пÑоблема ÑиÑка, а не ÑÑлÑг
+вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм. С дÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ,
пÑименение ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑеобÑазованиÑ
+ÑоÑмаÑа докÑменÑов <em>ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ</em> ÑÑлÑгой
вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+ÑÑо неÑÑо, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ,
вÑполнив ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
+(ÑвободнÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ) на Ñвоем
ÑобÑÑвенном компÑÑÑеÑе.</p>
+
+<p>ÐонеÑно, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñвободного ÑедакÑоÑа
ÑлÑжбой Google Docs полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
+Ñедко. ЧаÑе вÑего ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
неÑвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
+JavaScript, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ñак же плоÑ
а, как лÑбаÑ
неÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма. Ð ÑÑÑ
+ÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
одиÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ; ÑÑо завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñого, какаÑ
+ÑаÑÑÑ ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑÑÑ Ð²
пÑогÑамме на JavaScript, а
+ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ — на ÑеÑвеÑе. ÐÑ ÑÑого не знаем,
но поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑамм и неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑ
однÑм
обÑазом неÑпÑÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ðº
+полÑзоваÑелÑ, знаÑÑ ÑÑо не Ñак важно.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑи пÑбликаÑии Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑжого Ñ
ÑанилиÑа вопÑоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑи не
+возникаÑÑ, но пÑи пÑбликаÑии Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Google
Docs Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑобаÑ
+пÑоблема: невозможно даже
<em>пÑоÑмоÑÑеÑÑ</em> ÑекÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑа Google Docs в
+бÑаÑзеÑе без неÑвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
JavaScript. Таким обÑазом, вам не
+ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Google Docs длÑ
пÑбликаÑии Ñего Ð±Ñ Ñо ни
+бÑло — но пÑиÑина ÑÑого не ÑвÑзана Ñ
пÑоблемой ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
+пÑогÑамм.</p>
+
+<p>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑомÑÑленноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей не пÑоводиÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
+ÑазлиÑий. Ðменно Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ
звÑÑное вÑÑажение “облаÑнÑе
+вÑÑиÑлениє. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин наÑÑолÑко
ÑаÑплÑвÑаÑ, ÑÑо он Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÑи к лÑÐ±Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа. Ðн
вклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм, а
+Ñакже много дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑ
ем пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑи. Ð
лÑбом данном конÑекÑÑе авÑоÑ,
+коÑоÑÑй пиÑÐµÑ “облаÑнÑе” (еÑли ÑÑо
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий ÑпеÑиалиÑÑ),
+веÑоÑÑно, деÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñме ÑÑо-Ñо конкÑеÑное,
но обÑÑно не обÑÑÑнÑеÑ, ÑÑо в
+дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑо вÑÑажение пÑинимаеÑ
дÑÑгие конкÑеÑнÑе знаÑениÑ. ÐÑÑажение
+вÑнÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей делаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ меÑодаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе они Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑ
+по оÑделÑноÑÑи.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑли “облаÑнÑе вÑÑиÑлениє ÑÑо-Ñо и
ознаÑаÑÑ, Ñо ÑÑо не меÑод
+вÑÑиÑлений, а обÑаз мÑÑлей о вÑÑиÑлениÑÑ
,
наплеваÑелÑÑкий подÑ
од: “Ðе
+задавай вопÑоÑов. Ðе беÑпокойÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, кÑо
конÑÑолиÑÑÐµÑ Ñвои вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+кÑо деÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ñвои даннÑе. Ðе пÑовеÑÑй, не
ÑпÑÑÑан ли в ÑÑлÑге кÑÑÑок, пока его
+не заглоÑиÑÑ. ÐовеÑÑй компаниÑм без
колебаний”. ÐÑÑгими Ñловами,
+“бÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑоÑилей”. Ðблако в Ñме
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑлиÑÑ
+ÑÑно. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑноÑÑи мÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑеÑ
ники давайÑе избегаÑÑ
Ñлова
+“облаÑнÑе”.</p>
-<p>То, ÑÑо ÑлÑжба не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммой-ÑÑлÑгой, не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо в ней неÑ
-ниÑего дÑÑного. СлÑжба Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ñедной
по дÑÑгим пÑиÑинам. ÐапÑимеÑ,
-Facebook ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾ в ÑоÑмаÑе Flash,
ÑÑо пÑинÑÐ¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
-к ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм;
кÑоме Ñого, ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ
-полÑзоваÑелей ложное оÑÑÑение
конÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑи. ÐÑо Ñоже важнÑе
вопÑоÑÑ,
-но ÑÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑвÑÑена пÑоблеме
пÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг.</p>
-
-<p>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑомÑÑленноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей не обÑаÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
-ÑÑи ÑазлиÑиÑ. Ðменно Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого
ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ð·Ð²ÑÑное вÑÑажение
-“облаÑнÑе вÑÑиÑлениє. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин
наÑÑолÑко ÑаÑплÑвÑаÑ, ÑÑо он
-Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи к лÑбомÑ
пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа. Ðн вклÑÑаеÑ
-пÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги, он вклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи вÑе
оÑÑалÑное. Ðн Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑигодиÑÑÑÑ
-ÑолÑко в никÑемно ÑиÑокиÑ
ÑÑвеÑждениÑÑ
.</p>
-
-<p>ÐаÑÑоÑÑее знаÑение “облаÑнÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлений” — пÑедложиÑÑ
-наплеваÑелÑÑкий подÑ
од к ваÑим
вÑÑиÑлениÑм. ТеÑмин говоÑиÑ: “Ðе
-ÑпÑаÑивайÑе ни о Ñем, пÑоÑÑо довеÑÑйÑе
лÑбой компании без оглÑдки. Ðе
-беÑпокойÑеÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, кÑо ÑпÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñими
вÑÑиÑлениÑми и кÑо Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñи
-даннÑе. Ðе пÑовеÑÑйÑе, не ÑпÑÑÑан ли в
ÑÑлÑге кÑÑÑок, пока Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑоглоÑиÑе
-его”. ÐÑÑгими Ñловами, “ÑаÑÑÑждайÑе,
как пÑоÑÑоÑилє. Я
-пÑедпоÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑого ÑеÑмина.</p>
-
-<h3>РеÑение пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм-ÑÑлÑг</h3>
+<h3>РеÑение пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм</h3>
-<p>ТолÑко неболÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑайÑов ÐнÑеÑнеÑа
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ-ÑÑлÑги;
+<p>ТолÑко неболÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑайÑов ÐнÑеÑнеÑа
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑлÑги вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм;
болÑÑинÑÑва из ниÑ
ÑÑа пÑоблема не
каÑаеÑÑÑ. Ðо ÑÑо делаÑÑ Ñ Ñеми, коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑо каÑаеÑÑÑ?</p>
@@ -261,19 +336,24 @@
пÑогÑаммÑ. РедакÑиÑÑйÑе Ñвой ÑекÑÑ Ð² Ñвоей
копии Ñвободного ÑекÑÑового
ÑедакÑоÑа, Ñакого, как GNU Emacs или ÑвободнÑй
ÑекÑÑовÑй
пÑоÑеÑÑоÑ. РедакÑиÑÑйÑе Ñвои ÑоÑогÑаÑии в
Ñвоей копии Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ,
-Ñакой, как GIMP.</p>
-
-<p>Ðо как ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими лÑдÑми? Ð
наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
-ÑÑÑдно без иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа. ÐÑли вÑ
иÑполÑзÑеÑе ÑеÑвеÑ, не полагайÑеÑÑ
-на ÑеÑвеÑ, админиÑÑÑиÑÑемÑй компанией.
ÐÑоÑÑо заклÑÑив ÑоглаÑение как
-клиенÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ заÑиÑенÑ, пока Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ в
ÑоÑÑоÑнии обнаÑÑжиÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑение и в
-Ñамом деле подаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑд, а компаниÑ,
веÑоÑÑно, ÑоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑакÑÑ Ñак,
-ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð»Ð¾ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкалиÑÑ Ð²
ÑиÑокиÑ
пÑеделаÑ
. ÐолиÑии Ñложнее
-полÑÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñи даннÑе Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, Ñем оÑ
ваÑ, еÑли ÑолÑко ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ
-пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
добÑоволÑно, как
ÑелеÑоннÑе компании СШÐ, коÑоÑÑе
-нелегалÑно пеÑедавали ÑазговоÑÑ ÑвоиÑ
клиенÑов ÐÑÑÑ. ÐÑли вам необÑ
одим
-ÑеÑвеÑ, полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑом опеÑаÑоÑов,
коÑоÑÑм Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе довеÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
-ÑолÑко на оÑновании коммеÑÑеÑкиÑ
оÑноÑений.</p>
+Ñакой, как GIMP. РеÑли Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ? ÐеÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма или ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ
оÑнÑла Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑвободÑ, Ñак ÑÑо вам
+не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
вложиÑÑ Ñвое вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ денÑги в
+ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ Ñвободной заменÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ркак ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими лÑдÑми в
гÑÑппе? РнаÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо можеÑ
+бÑÑÑ ÑÑÑдно без иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа, а в
ваÑей гÑÑппе могÑÑ Ð½Ðµ знаÑÑ, как
+оÑганизоваÑÑ ÑобÑÑвеннÑй ÑеÑвеÑ. ÐÑли вÑ
иÑполÑзÑеÑе ÑÑжой ÑеÑвеÑ, не
+полагайÑеÑÑ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑ,
админиÑÑÑиÑÑемÑй компанией. ÐÑоÑÑо
заклÑÑив
+ÑоглаÑение как клиенÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ заÑиÑенÑ, пока
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ в ÑоÑÑоÑнии обнаÑÑжиÑÑ
+наÑÑÑение и по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð² ÑÑд, а
компаниÑ, веÑоÑÑно, ÑоÑÑавлÑеÑ
+конÑÑакÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð»Ð¾ÑпоÑÑеблениÑ
допÑÑкалиÑÑ Ð² ÑиÑокиÑ
+пÑеделаÑ
. ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑебоваÑÑ
ваÑи даннÑе Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, вмеÑÑе Ñ
+даннÑми вÑеÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей, как ÑÑо Ñделал
Ðбама Ñ ÑелеÑоннÑми компаниÑми,
+еÑли ÑолÑко ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
добÑоволÑно, как ÑелеÑоннÑе компании
+СШÐ, коÑоÑÑе нелегалÑно пеÑедавали
ÑазговоÑÑ ÑвоиÑ
клиенÑов ÐÑÑÑ. ÐÑли вам
+необÑ
одим ÑеÑвеÑ, полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑом
опеÑаÑоÑов, коÑоÑÑм Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
+довеÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко на оÑновании
коммеÑÑеÑкиÑ
оÑноÑений.</p>
<p>Ðднако в долгоÑÑоÑной пеÑÑпекÑиве мÑ
можем ÑоздаÑÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ
ÑеÑвеÑам. ÐапÑимеÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑоздаÑÑ
деÑенÑÑализованнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
@@ -288,38 +368,52 @@
Ñвоей ÑабоÑе.</p>
<p>Рпока, еÑли ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑиглаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ ÑеÑвеÑом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
-ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
задаÑ, не
ÑÑÑÑпайÑе ей; не полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ
-пÑогÑаммами-ÑÑлÑгами. Ðе покÑпайÑе и не
ÑÑÑанавливайÑе “Ñонкие
+ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑÑ
задаÑ, не
ÑÑÑÑпайÑе ей; не полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ ÑÑлÑгами
+вмеÑÑо пÑогÑамм. Ðе покÑпайÑе и не
ÑÑÑанавливайÑе “Ñонкие
клиенÑÑ”, коÑоÑÑе пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой не
ÑÑо иное, как компÑÑÑеÑÑ,
наÑÑолÑко ÑлабÑе, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑнÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
вÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑоÑÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе,
еÑли ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ
иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
Ñо <em>Ñвоим</em>
ÑеÑвеÑом. ÐолÑзÑйÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑоÑÑим
компÑÑÑеÑом и Ñ
ÑаниÑе Ñвои даннÑе на
-нем. ÐÑполнÑйÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ñвоей копии Ñвободной
+нем. ÐÑполнÑйÑе Ñвои ÑобÑÑвеннÑе
вÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñвоей копии Ñвободной
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — Ñади ваÑей ÑобÑÑвенной
ÑвободÑ.</p>
<h3>См. Ñакже:</h3>
<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">ÐÑибка, в
коÑоÑой Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ позволено
ÑазобÑаÑÑÑÑ</a></p>
+
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
-href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.
-<br />
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
-пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
-<p>ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
@@ -327,14 +421,29 @@
<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
-<p>Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2013 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)
-<br />
-ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2013
+Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
-пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.
-</p>
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -346,12 +455,11 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/06/07 05:58:21 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/free-sw.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- po/free-sw.ru-en.html 27 May 2013 04:28:34 -0000 1.22
+++ po/free-sw.ru-en.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>What is free software?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
@@ -229,8 +230,18 @@
is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this
way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses
-must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
-any of the essential freedoms.
+must not require obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a
+condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making
+them a condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does
+not restrict users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for
+free software, then requiring it as a condition is not an actual
+problem; however, it is a potential problem, since a later change in
+export law could make the requirement nontrivial and thus render the
+software nonfree.
</p>
<p>
@@ -340,6 +351,10 @@
<ul>
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">Version
+1.122</a>: An export control requirement is a real problem if the
+requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it is only a potential problem.</li>
+
<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">Version
1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by saying that only
retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The copyright
@@ -430,49 +445,67 @@
the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">cvsweb
interface</a>.</p>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
-</p>
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.
-</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/05/27 04:28:34 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
-
</body>
</html>
Index: po/free-sw.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- po/free-sw.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 10:59:27 -0000 1.36
+++ po/free-sw.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48 -0000 1.37
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-06-18 05:25+0000\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -453,25 +452,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control
-# | regulations</a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to
-# | distribute copies of programs internationally. Software developers do not
-# | have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they
-# | can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the
-# | program. In this way, the restrictions will not affect activities and
-# | people outside the jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free
-# | software licenses must not require obedience to any {+nontrivial+} export
-# | regulations as a condition of {+exercising+} any of the essential freedoms.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</"
-#| "a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
-#| "programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
-#| "eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do "
-#| "is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this "
-#| "way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the "
-#| "jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses must "
-#| "not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of any of "
-#| "the essential freedoms."
msgid ""
"Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</a> "
"and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
@@ -489,8 +469,8 @@
"ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
как
ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ "
"они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ
не коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи лÑдей вне "
"ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. ÐÑак,
лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ "
-"ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как
ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ "
-"оÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод."
+"ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как "
+"ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -505,9 +485,10 @@
"ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ñамой лиÑензии, пÑиемлемо,
поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо не огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ "
"полÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑли ÑкÑпоÑÑнÑе ноÑÐ¼Ñ Ð²
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи ÑÑивиалÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ñо ÑÑебование иÑ
ÑоблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² каÑеÑÑве ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð² "
-"дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
пÑоблемÑ; однако ÑÑо поÑенÑиалÑнаÑ
пÑоблема, "
-"поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑÑее изменение в
законодаÑелÑÑÑве могло Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо "
-"ÑÑебование неÑÑивиалÑнÑм и Ñем ÑамÑм
обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² неÑвободнÑÑ."
+"дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
пÑоблемÑ; однако ÑÑо поÑенÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ "
+"пÑоблема, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑÑее
изменение в законодаÑелÑÑÑве могло Ð±Ñ "
+"ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо ÑÑебование неÑÑивиалÑнÑм и
Ñем ÑамÑм обÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² "
+"неÑвободнÑÑ."
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -719,17 +700,6 @@
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23\">Version
-# | 1.23</a>: Address-]
-# |
{+href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">Version
-# | 1.122</a>: An export control requirement is a real problem if the
-# | requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it is only a+} potential [-problems
-# | related to contract-based licenses.-] {+problem.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw."
-#| "html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23\">Version 1.23</a>: Address "
-#| "potential problems related to contract-based licenses."
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?"
"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">Version 1.122</a>: An export control "
@@ -737,9 +707,9 @@
"is only a potential problem."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?"
-"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">ÐеÑÑÐ¸Ñ 1.122</a>:
ТÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ "
-"ÑкÑпоÑÑа пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑеалÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ,
еÑли ÑÑебование неÑÑивиалÑно; в "
-"пÑоÑивном ÑлÑÑае ÑÑо ÑолÑко
поÑенÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема."
+"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">ÐеÑÑÐ¸Ñ 1.122</a>:
ТÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ "
+"конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑеалÑнÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ, еÑли ÑÑебование "
+"неÑÑивиалÑно; в пÑоÑивном ÑлÑÑае ÑÑо
ÑолÑко поÑенÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
@@ -1043,11 +1013,6 @@
"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, [-2012-] {+2012, 2013+}
-# | Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software "
-#| "Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/philosophy.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- po/philosophy.ru-en.html 18 May 2013 06:43:51 -0000 1.22
+++ po/philosophy.ru-en.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Philosophy of the GNU Project
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
@@ -12,6 +13,11 @@
</div> <!-- id="education-content" -->
+<blockquote><p>
+See <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/">audio-video.gnu.org</a>
+for recordings of Richard Stallman's speeches.
+</p></blockquote>
+
<p><em>Free software</em> means that the software's users have
freedom. (The issue is not about price.) We developed the GNU
operating system so that users can have freedom in their
@@ -71,44 +77,62 @@
that Work for Freedom in
Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a>.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
- and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
-</p>
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/05/18 06:43:51 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/philosophy.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- po/philosophy.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 10:59:27 -0000 1.17
+++ po/philosophy.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48 -0000 1.18
@@ -15,16 +15,10 @@
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
-# | Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
-# | [-(FSF)-]
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
-#| "(FSF)"
msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"ФилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
@@ -38,8 +32,8 @@
"See <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/\">audio-video.gnu.org</a> for "
"recordings of Richard Stallman's speeches."
msgstr ""
-"ÐвÑкозапиÑи ÑеÑей РиÑаÑда СÑолмена Ñм. на "
-"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/\">audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
+"ÐвÑкозапиÑи ÑеÑей РиÑаÑда СÑолмена Ñм. на
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+"org/\">audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -234,8 +228,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid "Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html 7 Jun 2013 05:58:21
-0000 1.19
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru-en.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48
-0000 1.20
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve? - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
@@ -9,13 +10,23 @@
<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-<p>(First published
-by <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
-Boston Review</a>.)</p>
+<blockquote><p>(The first version was published
+in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
+Boston Review</a>.)</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
-lose your freedom. Software as a Service is another way to let
-someone else have power over your computing.</strong></p>
+lose your freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is
+another way to let someone else have power over your
+computing.</strong></p>
+
+SaaSS means using a service implemented by someone else as a
+substitute for running your copy of a program. The term is ours;
+articles and ads won't use it, and they won't tell you whether a
+service is SaaSS. Instead they will probably use the vague and
+distracting term “cloud”, which lumps SaaSS together with
+various other practices, some abusive and some ok. With the
+explanation and examples in this page, you can tell whether a service
+is SaaSS.
<h3>Background: How Proprietary Software Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
@@ -41,221 +52,283 @@
<p>With free software, we, the users, take back control of our
computing. Proprietary software still exists, but we can exclude it
from our lives and many of us have done so. However, we now face a
-new threat to our control over our computing: Software as a Service.
-For our freedom's sake, we have to reject that too.</p>
-
-<h3>How Software as a Service Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
-
-<p>Software as a Service (SaaS) means that someone sets up a network
-server that does certain computing tasks—running spreadsheets,
-word processing, translating text into another language,
-etc.—then invites users to do their computing on that server.
-Users send their data to the server, which does their computing on the
-data thus provided, then sends the results back or acts on them
-directly.</p>
+new threat to our control over our computing: Service as a Software
+Substitute (SaaSS). For our freedom's sake, we have to reject that
+too.</p>
+
+<h3>How Service as a Software Substitute Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS) means using a service as a
+substitute for running your copy of a program. Concretely, it means
+that someone sets up a network server that does certain computing
+tasks—for instance, modifying a photo, translating text into
+another language, etc.—then invites users to do computing via
+that server. A user of the server would send her data to the server,
+which does <em>her own computing</em> on the data thus provided, then
+sends the results back to her or acts directly on her behalf.</p>
+
+<p>The computing is <em>her own</em> because, by assumption, she
+could, in principle, have done it by running a program on her own
+computer (whether or not that program is available to her at
+present). When this assumption is not so, it isn't SaaSS.</p>
<p>These servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably
than proprietary software. With proprietary software, users typically
-get an executable file but not the source code. That makes it hard
-for programmers to study the code that is running, so it's hard to
-determine what the program really does, and hard to change it.</p>
-
-<p>With SaaS, the users do not have even the executable file: it is on
-the server, where the users can't see or touch it. Thus it is
-impossible for them to ascertain what it really does, and impossible
-to change it.</p>
-
-<p>Furthermore, SaaS automatically leads to harmful consequences
-equivalent to the malicious features of certain proprietary software.
-For instance, some proprietary programs are “spyware”: the
-program sends out data about users' computing activities. Microsoft
-Windows sends information about users' activities to Microsoft.
-Windows Media Player and RealPlayer report what each user watches or
-listens to.</p>
+get an executable file but not the source code. That makes it hard to
+study the code that is running, so it's hard to determine what the
+program really does, and hard to change it.</p>
+
+<p>With SaaSS, the users do not have even the executable file that
+does their computing: it is on someone else's server, where the users
+can't see or touch it. Thus it is impossible for them to ascertain
+what it really does, and impossible to change it.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, SaaSS automatically leads to consequences equivalent
+to the malicious features of certain proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p> For instance, some proprietary programs are “spyware”:
+the program sends out data about users' computing activities.
+Microsoft Windows sends information about users' activities to
+Microsoft. Windows Media Player reports what each user watches or
+listens to. The Amazon Kindle reports which pages of which books the
+user looks at, and when. Angry Birds reports the user's geolocation
+history.</p>
-<p>Unlike proprietary software, SaaS does not require covert code to
+<p>Unlike proprietary software, SaaSS does not require covert code to
obtain the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the
server in order to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the
-server operator gets the data. He gets it with no special effort, by
-the nature of SaaS.</p>
+server operator gets the data—with no special effort, by
+the nature of SaaSS.</p>
-<p>Some proprietary programs can mistreat users under remote command.
-For instance, Windows has a back door with which Microsoft can
-forcibly change any software on the machine. The Amazon Kindle e-book
-reader (whose name suggests it's intended to burn people's books) has
-an Orwellian back door that Amazon used in 2009
-to <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html"
->remotely delete</a> Kindle copies of Orwell's books <cite>1984</cite> and
-<cite>Animal Farm</cite> which the users had purchased from Amazon.</p>
-
-<p>SaaS inherently gives the server operator the power to change the
-software in use, or the users' data being operated on. Once again, no
-special code is needed to do this.</p>
-
-<p>Thus, SaaS is equivalent to total spyware and a gaping wide back
-door, and gives the server operator unjust power over the user. We
-can't accept that.</p>
-
-<h3>Untangling the SaaS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue</h3>
-
-<p>SaaS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but
-the causal mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the
-cause is that you have and use a copy which is difficult or illegal to
-change. With SaaS, the cause is that you use a copy you don't
-have.</p>
+<p>Some proprietary operating systems have a universal back door,
+permitting someone to remotely install software changes. For
+instance, Windows has a universal back door with which Microsoft can
+forcibly change any software on the machine. Nearly all portable
+phones have them, too. Some proprietary applications also have
+universal back doors; for instance, the Steam client for GNU/Linux
+allows the developer to remotely install modified versions.</p>
+
+<p>With SaaSS, the server operator can change the software in use on
+the server. He ought to be able to do this, since it's his computer;
+but the result is the same as using a proprietary application program
+with a universal back door: someone has the power to silently impose
+changes in how the user's computing gets done.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, SaaSS is equivalent to running proprietary software with
+spyware and a universal back door. It gives the server operator
+unjust power over the user, and that power is something we must
+resist.</p>
+
+<h3>SaaSS and SaaS</h3>
+
+<p>Originally we referred to this problematical practice as “
+SaaS ”, which stands for “ Software as a Service ”.
+It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a server rather
+than offering copies of it to users, and we thought it described
+precisely the cases where this problem occurs.</p>
+
+<p>Subsequently we became aware that the term SaaS is sometimes used
+for communication services—activities for which this issue is
+not applicable. In addition, the term “ Software as a Service
+” doesn't explain <em>why</em> the practice is bad. So we
+coined the term “ Service as a Software Substitute ”,
+which defines the bad practice more clearly and says what is bad
+about it.</p>
+
+<h3>Untangling the SaaSS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue</h3>
+
+<p>SaaSS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but
+the mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the
+mechanism is that you have and use a copy which is difficult and/or
+illegal to change. With SaaSS, the mechanism is that you don't have
+the copy that's doing your computing.</p>
<p>These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web
developers use the vague term “web application” to lump
the server software together with programs run on your machine in your
-browser. Some web pages install nontrivial or even large JavaScript
-programs temporarily into your browser without informing
+browser. Some web pages install nontrivial, even large JavaScript
+programs into your browser without informing
you. <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">When these JavaScript
-programs are nonfree</a>, they are as bad as any other nonfree
-software. Here, however, we are concerned with the problem of the
-server software itself.</p>
+programs are nonfree</a>, they are the same sort of problem as any
+other nonfree software. Here, however, we are concerned with the
+problem of the server software itself.</p>
-<p>Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaS will
+<p>Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaSS will
be solved by developing free software for servers. For the server
operator's sake, the programs on the server had better be free; if
they are proprietary, their owners have power over the server. That's
-unfair to the operator, and doesn't help you at all. But if the
-programs on the server are free, that doesn't protect you <em>as the
-server's user</em> from the effects of SaaS. They give freedom to the
-operator, but not to you.</p>
+unfair to the operator, and doesn't help the users at all. But if the
+programs on the server are free, that doesn't protect <em>the server's
+users</em> from the effects of SaaSS. These programs liberate the
+server operator, but not the server's users.</p>
<p>Releasing the server software source code does benefit the
-community: suitably skilled users can set up similar servers, perhaps
-changing the software. But none of these servers would give you
-control over computing you do on it, unless it's <em>your</em> server.
-The rest would all be SaaS. SaaS always subjects you to the power of
-the server operator, and the only remedy is, <em>Don't use SaaS!</em>
-Don't use someone else's server to do your own computing on data
-provided by you.</p>
-
-<h3>Distinguishing SaaS from Other Network Services</h3>
-
-<p>Does avoiding SaaS mean you refuse to use any network servers run
-by anyone other than you? Not at all. Most servers do not raise this
-issue, because the job you do with them isn't your own computing
-except in a trivial sense.</p>
-
-<p>The original purpose of web servers wasn't to do computing for you,
-it was to publish information for you to access. Even today this is
-what most web sites do, and it doesn't pose the SaaS problem, because
-accessing someone's published information isn't a matter of doing your
-own computing. Neither is publishing your own materials via a blog
-site or a microblogging service such as Twitter or identi.ca. The
-same goes for communication not meant to be private, such as chat
-groups. Social networking can extend into SaaS; however, at root it
-is just a method of communication and publication, not SaaS. If you
-use the service for minor editing of what you're going to communicate,
-that is not a significant issue.</p>
+community: it enables suitably skilled users to set up similar
+servers, perhaps changing the
+software. <a href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> We
+recommend using the GNU Affero GPL</a> as the license for programs
+often used on servers.</p>
+
+<p>But none of these servers would give you control over computing you
+do on it, unless it's <em>your</em> server. It may be OK to trust
+your friend's server for some jobs, just as you might let your friend
+maintain the software on your own computer. Outside of that, all
+these servers would be SaaSS for you. SaaSS always subjects you to
+the power of the server operator, and the only remedy is, <em>Don't
+use SaaSS!</em> Don't use someone else's server to do your own
+computing on data provided by you.</p>
+
+<h3>Distinguishing SaaSS from Other Network Services</h3>
+
+<p>Which online services are SaaSS? The clearest example is a
+translation service, which translates (say) English text into Spanish
+text. Translating a text for you is computing that is purely yours.
+You could do it by running a program on your own computer, if only you
+had the right program. (To be ethical, that program should be free.)
+The translation service substitutes for that program, so it is Service
+as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS. Since it denies you control
+over your computing, it does you wrong.</p>
+
+<p>Another clear example is using a service such as Flickr or
+Instagram to modify a photo. Modifying photos is an activity that
+people have done in their own computers for decades; doing it in a
+server instead of your own computer is SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Rejecting SaaSS does not mean refusing to use any network servers
+run by anyone other than you. Most servers are not SaaSS because the
+jobs they do are not the user's own computing.</p>
+
+<p>The original idea of web servers wasn't to do computing for you, it
+was to publish information for you to access. Even today this is what
+most web sites do, and it doesn't pose the SaaSS problem, because
+accessing someone's published information isn't doing your own
+computing. Neither is publishing your own materials via a blog site
+or a microblogging service such as Twitter or StatusNet. (These
+services may have other problems, of course.) The same goes for other
+communication not meant to be private, such as chat groups.</p>
+
+<p>In its essence, social networking is a form of communication and
+publication, not SaaSS. However, a service whose main facility is
+social networking can have features or extensions which are SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>If a service is not SaaSS, that does not mean it is OK. There are
+other ethical issues about services. For instance, Facebook
+distributes video in Flash, which pressures users to run nonfree
+software; it requires running nonfree JavaScript code; and it gives
+users a misleading impression of privacy while luring them into baring
+their lives to Facebook. Those are important issues, different from
+the SaaSS issue.
+</p>
<p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
and let you examine it. Looking through their collection of data
isn't your own computing in the usual sense—you didn't provide
that collection—so using such a service to search the web is not
-SaaS. (However, using someone else's search engine to implement a
-search facility for your own site <em>is</em> SaaS.)</p>
+SaaSS. However, using someone else's server to implement a search
+facility for your own site <em>is</em> SaaSS.</p>
-<p>E-commerce is not SaaS, because the computing isn't solely yours;
-rather, it is done jointly for you and another party. So there's no
-particular reason why you alone should expect to control that
-computing. The real issue in e-commerce is whether you trust the
-other party with your money and personal information.</p>
-
-<p>Using a joint project's servers isn't SaaS because the computing
-you do in this way isn't yours personally. For instance, if you edit
-pages on Wikipedia, you are not doing your own computing; rather, you
-are collaborating in Wikipedia's computing.</p>
-
-<p>Wikipedia controls its own servers, but groups can face the problem
-of SaaS if they do their group activities on someone else's server.
-Fortunately, development hosting sites such as Savannah and
-SourceForge don't pose the SaaS problem, because what groups do there
-is mainly publication and public communication, rather than their own
-private computing.</p>
-
-<p>Multiplayer games are a group activity carried out on someone
-else's server, which makes them SaaS. But where the data involved is
-just the state of play and the score, the worst wrong the operator
-might commit is favoritism. You might well ignore that risk, since it
-seems unlikely and very little is at stake. On the other hand, when
-the game becomes more than just a game, the issue changes.</p>
-
-<p>“Backend as a Service”, or BaaS, is a kind of SaaS, because it
-involves running your own web service on top of software that you
-can't control. If you set up a service using BaaS, the BaaS platform
-may well collect information about your users as well as you.</p>
-
-<p>Which online services are SaaS? Google Docs is a clear example.
-Its basic activity is editing, and Google encourages people to use it
-for their own editing; this is SaaS. It offers the added feature of
-collaborative editing, but adding participants doesn't alter the fact
-that editing on the server is SaaS. (In addition, Google Docs is
-unacceptable because it installs a
-large <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> nonfree JavaScript
program</a>
-into the user's browser.) If using a service for communication or
-collaboration requires doing substantial parts of your own computing
-with it too, that computing is SaaS even if the communication is
-not.</p>
-
-<p>Some sites offer multiple services, and if one is not SaaS, another
-may be SaaS. For instance, the main service of Facebook is social
-networking, and that is not SaaS; however, it supports third-party
-applications, some of which may be SaaS. Flickr's main service is
-distributing photos, which is not SaaS, but it also has features for
-editing photos, which is SaaS.</p>
-
-<p>Some sites whose main service is publication and communication
-extend it with “contact management”: keeping track of
-people you have relationships with. Sending mail to those people for
-you is not SaaS, but keeping track of your dealings with them, if
-substantial, is SaaS.</p>
-
-<p>If a service is not SaaS, that does not mean it is OK. There are
-other bad things a service can do. For instance, Facebook distributes
-video in Flash, which pressures users to run nonfree software, and it
-gives users a misleading impression of privacy. Those are important
-issues too, but this article's concern is the issue of SaaS.</p>
-
-<p>The IT industry discourages users from considering these
-distinctions. That's what the buzzword “cloud computing”
-is for. This term is so nebulous that it could refer to almost any
-use of the Internet. It includes SaaS and it includes nearly
-everything else. The term only lends itself to uselessly broad
-statements.</p>
-
-<p>The real meaning of “cloud computing” is to suggest a
-devil-may-care approach towards your computing. It says, “Don't
-ask questions, just trust every business without hesitation. Don't
+<p>Purchasing online is not SaaSS, because the computing
+isn't <em>your own</em>; rather, it is done jointly by and for you and
+the store. The real issue in online shopping is whether you trust the
+other party with your money and other personal information (starting
+with your name).</p>
+
+<p>Repository sites such as as Savannah and SourceForge are not
+inherently SaaSS, because a repository's job is publication of data
+supplied to it.</p>
+
+<p>Using a joint project's servers isn't SaaSS because the computing
+you do in this way isn't your own. For instance, if you edit pages on
+Wikipedia, you are not doing your own computing; rather, you are
+collaborating in Wikipedia's computing. Wikipedia controls its own
+servers, but organizations as well as individuals encounter the
+problem of SaaSS if they do their computing in someone else's
+server.</p>
+
+<p>Some sites offer multiple services, and if one is not SaaSS,
+another may be SaaSS. For instance, the main service of Facebook is
+social networking, and that is not SaaSS; however, it supports
+third-party applications, some of which are SaaSS. Flickr's main
+service is distributing photos, which is not SaaSS, but it also has
+features for editing photos, which is SaaSS. Likewise, using
+Instagram to post a photo is not SaaSS, but using it to transform the
+photo is SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Google Docs shows how complex the evaluation of a single service
+can become. It invites people to edit a document by running a
+large <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">nonfree JavaScript
+program</a>, clearly wrong. However, it offers an API for uploading
+and downloading documents in standard formats. A free software editor
+can do so through this API. This usage scenario is not SaaSS, because
+it uses Google Docs as a mere repository. Showing all your data to a
+company is bad, but that is a matter of privacy, not SaaSS; depending
+on a service for access to your data is bad, but that is a matter of
+risk, not SaaSS. On the other hand, using the service for converting
+document formats <em>is</em> SaaSS, because it's something you could
+have done by running a suitable program (free, one hopes) in your own
+computer.</p>
+
+<p>Using Google Docs through a free editor is rare, of course. Most
+often, people use it through the nonfree JavaScript program, which is
+bad like any nonfree program. This scenario might involve SaaSS, too;
+that depends on what part of the editing is done in the JavaScript
+program and what part in the server. We don't know, but since SaaSS
+and proprietary software do similar wrong to the user, it is not
+crucial to know.</p>
+
+<p>Publishing via someone else's repository does not raise privacy
+issues, but publishing through Google Docs has a special problem: it
+is impossible even to <em>view the text</em> of a Google Docs document
+in a browser without running the nonfree JavaScript code. Thus, you
+should not use Google Docs to publish anything—but the reason
+is not a matter of SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>The IT industry discourages users from making these distinctions.
+That's what the buzzword “cloud computing” is for. This
+term is so nebulous that it could refer to almost any use of the
+Internet. It includes SaaSS as well as many other network usage
+practices. In any given context, an author who writes
+“cloud” (if a technical person) probably has a specific
+meaning in mind, but usually does not explain that in other articles
+the term has other specific meanings. The term leads people to
+generalize about practices they ought to consider individually.</p>
+
+<p>If “cloud computing” has a meaning, it is not a way of
+doing computing, but rather a way of thinking about computing: a
+devil-may-care approach which says, “Don't ask questions. Don't
worry about who controls your computing or who holds your data. Don't
-check for a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow
-it.” In other words, “Think like a sucker.” I prefer
-to avoid the term.</p>
+check for a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow it.
+Trust companies without hesitation.” In other words, “Be a
+sucker.” A cloud in the mind is an obstacle to clear thinking.
+For the sake of clear thinking about computing, let's avoid the term
+“cloud.”</p>
-<h3>Dealing with the SaaS Problem</h3>
+<h3>Dealing with the SaaSS Problem</h3>
-<p>Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaS; most don't raise
+<p>Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaSS; most don't raise
the issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?</p>
<p>For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data
-in your own hands, the solution is simple: use your own copy of a free software
-application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free text
-editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo
-editing with your copy of free software such as GIMP.</p>
-
-<p>But what about collaborating with other individuals? It may be
-hard to do this at present without using a server. If you use one,
-don't trust a server run by a company. A mere contract as a customer
-is no protection unless you could detect a breach and could really
-sue, and the company probably writes its contracts to permit a broad
-range of abuses. Police can subpoena your data from the company with
-less basis than required to subpoena them from you, supposing the
-company doesn't volunteer them like the US phone companies that
-illegally wiretapped their customers for Bush. If you must use a
-server, use a server whose operators give you a basis for trust beyond
-a mere commercial relationship.</p>
+in your own hands, the solution is simple: use your own copy of a free
+software application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free
+text editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo
+editing with your copy of free software such as GIMP. What if there
+is no free program available? A proprietary program or SaaSS would
+take away your freedom, so you shouldn't use those. You can contribute
+your time or your money to development of a free replacement.</p>
+
+<p>What about collaborating with other individuals as a group? It may
+be hard to do this at present without using a server, and your group
+may not know how to run its own server. If you use someone else's
+server, at least don't trust a server run by a company. A mere
+contract as a customer is no protection unless you could detect a
+breach and could really sue, and the company probably writes its
+contracts to permit a broad range of abuses. The state can subpoena
+your data from the company along with everyone else's, as Obama has
+done to phone companies, supposing the company doesn't volunteer them
+like the US phone companies that illegally wiretapped their customers
+for Bush. If you must use a server, use a server whose operators give
+you a basis for trust beyond a mere commercial relationship.</p>
<p>However, on a longer time scale, we can create alternatives to
using servers. For instance, we can create a peer-to-peer program
@@ -270,51 +343,76 @@
free software projects to consider this issue in their design.</p>
<p>In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do
-your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaS. Don't buy or
+your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaSS. Don't buy or
install “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak
-they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're
-going to use them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real
-computer and keep your data there. Do your work with your own copy of
-a free program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
+they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're going to use
+them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real computer and keep your
+data there. Do your own computing with your own copy of a free
+program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
<h3>See also:</h3>
<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>.</p>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
-also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
-<p>Please see
-the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
of this article.</p>
-<p>Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/06/07 05:58:21 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 10:59:27 -0000
1.27
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.po 18 Jun 2013 11:28:49 -0000
1.28
@@ -16,15 +16,9 @@
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-#| "Foundation (FSF)"
msgid ""
"Who Does That Server Really Serve? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
@@ -43,37 +37,23 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | href=\"http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM\">
-# | Boston Review</a>.)
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(First published by <a href=\"http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-"
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-# | proprietary software. With proprietary software, users typically get an
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-#| msgid ""
-#| "These servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably than "
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -284,25 +211,11 @@
"malicious features of certain proprietary software."
msgstr ""
"Ðолее Ñого, ÑÑлÑга вмеÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-Furthermore, SaaS automatically leads to harmful consequences equivalent
-# | to the malicious features of certain proprietary software.-]For instance,
-# | some proprietary programs are “spyware”: the program sends out
-# | data about users' computing activities. Microsoft Windows sends
-# | information about users' activities to Microsoft. Windows Media Player
-# | [-and RealPlayer report-] {+reports+} what each user watches or listens
-# | to. {+The Amazon Kindle reports which pages of which books the user looks
-# | at, and when. Angry Birds reports the user's geolocation history.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Furthermore, SaaS automatically leads to harmful consequences equivalent "
-#| "to the malicious features of certain proprietary software. For instance, "
-#| "some proprietary programs are “spyware”: the program sends "
-#| "out data about users' computing activities. Microsoft Windows sends "
-#| "information about users' activities to Microsoft. Windows Media Player "
-#| "and RealPlayer report what each user watches or listens to."
msgid ""
"For instance, some proprietary programs are “spyware”: the "
"program sends out data about users' computing activities. Microsoft Windows "
@@ -311,38 +224,28 @@
"reports which pages of which books the user looks at, and when. Angry Birds "
"reports the user's geolocation history."
msgstr ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Unlike proprietary software, SaaS{+S+} does not require covert code to
-# | obtain the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the server
-# | in order to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the server
-# | operator gets the [-data. He gets it with-] {+data—with+} no
-# | special effort, by the nature of SaaS{+S+}.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Unlike proprietary software, SaaS does not require covert code to obtain "
-#| "the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the server in "
-#| "order to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the server "
-#| "operator gets the data. He gets it with no special effort, by the nature "
-#| "of SaaS."
msgid ""
"Unlike proprietary software, SaaSS does not require covert code to obtain "
"the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the server in order "
"to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the server operator gets "
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msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -354,8 +257,8 @@
"for GNU/Linux allows the developer to remotely install modified versions."
msgstr ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Thus, SaaS{+S+} is equivalent to [-total-] {+running proprietary software
-# | with+} spyware and a [-gaping wide-] {+universal+} back [-door, and-]
-# | {+door. It+} gives the server operator unjust power over the [-user. We
-# | can't accept that.-] {+user, and that power is something we must resist.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Thus, SaaS is equivalent to total spyware and a gaping wide back door, "
-#| "and gives the server operator unjust power over the user. We can't "
-#| "accept that."
msgid ""
"Thus, SaaSS is equivalent to running proprietary software with spyware and a "
"universal back door. It gives the server operator unjust power over the "
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msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "SaaSS and SaaS"
@@ -408,8 +303,8 @@
"copies of it to users, and we thought it described precisely the cases where "
"this problem occurs."
msgstr ""
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@@ -425,31 +320,18 @@
msgstr ""
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# type: Content of: <h3>
#. type: Content of: <h3>
-# | Untangling the SaaS{+S+} Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue
-#| msgid "Untangling the SaaS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue"
msgid "Untangling the SaaSS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue"
msgstr "Разделение пÑоблем ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
пÑогÑамм и неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм"
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | SaaS{+S+} and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but
-# | the [-causal-] mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the
-# | [-cause-] {+mechanism+} is that you have and use a copy which is difficult
-# | [-or-] {+and/or+} illegal to change. With SaaS{+S+}, the [-cause-]
-# | {+mechanism+} is that you [-use a copy you-] don't [-have.-] {+have the
-# | copy that's doing your computing.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "SaaS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but the "
-#| "causal mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the cause is "
-#| "that you have and use a copy which is difficult or illegal to change. "
-#| "With SaaS, the cause is that you use a copy you don't have."
msgid ""
"SaaSS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but the "
"mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the mechanism is that "
@@ -458,31 +340,13 @@
"computing."
msgstr ""
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web
-# | developers use the vague term “web application” to lump the
-# | server software together with programs run on your machine in your
-# | browser. Some web pages install [-nontrivial or-] {+nontrivial,+} even
-# | large JavaScript programs [-temporarily-] into your browser without
-# | informing you. <a href=\"/philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">When these
-# | JavaScript programs are nonfree</a>, they are [-as bad-] {+the same sort
-# | of problem+} as any other nonfree software. Here, however, we are
-# | concerned with the problem of the server software itself.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web "
-#| "developers use the vague term “web application” to lump the "
-#| "server software together with programs run on your machine in your "
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-#| "programs temporarily into your browser without informing you. <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">When these JavaScript programs are "
-#| "nonfree</a>, they are as bad as any other nonfree software. Here, "
-#| "however, we are concerned with the problem of the server software itself."
msgid ""
"These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web "
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaS{+S+} will be
-# | solved by developing free software for servers. For the server operator's
-# | sake, the programs on the server had better be free; if they are
-# | proprietary, their owners have power over the server. That's unfair to
-# | the operator, and doesn't help [-you-] {+the users+} at all. But if the
-# | programs on the server are free, that doesn't protect [-you <em>as the-]
-# | {+<em>the+} server's user{+s+}</em> from the effects of [-SaaS. They give
-# | freedom to-] {+SaaSS. These programs liberate+} the {+server+} operator,
-# | but not [-to you.-] {+the server's users.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaS will be "
-#| "solved by developing free software for servers. For the server "
-#| "operator's sake, the programs on the server had better be free; if they "
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msgid ""
"Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaSS will be "
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@@ -534,13 +380,12 @@
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | [-Releasing the server software source code does benefit the community:
-# | suitably skilled users can set up similar servers, perhaps changing the
-# | software.-]But none of these servers would give you control over computing
-# | you do on it, unless it's <em>your</em> server. [-The rest would-] {+It
-# | may be OK to trust your friend's server for some jobs, just as you might
-# | let your friend maintain the software on your own computer. Outside of
-# | that,+} all {+these servers would+} be [-SaaS. SaaS-] {+SaaSS for you.
-# | SaaSS+} always subjects you to the power of the server operator, and the
-# | only remedy is, <em>Don't use SaaS{+S+}!</em> Don't use someone else's
-# | server to do your own computing on data provided by you.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Releasing the server software source code does benefit the community: "
-#| "suitably skilled users can set up similar servers, perhaps changing the "
-#| "software. But none of these servers would give you control over "
-#| "computing you do on it, unless it's <em>your</em> server. The rest would "
-#| "all be SaaS. SaaS always subjects you to the power of the server "
-#| "operator, and the only remedy is, <em>Don't use SaaS!</em> Don't use "
-#| "someone else's server to do your own computing on data provided by you."
msgid ""
"But none of these servers would give you control over computing you do on "
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@@ -585,20 +412,18 @@
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-# | Distinguishing SaaS{+S+} from Other Network Services
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -636,53 +461,18 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-Does avoiding SaaS-]{+Rejecting SaaSS does not+} mean [-you refuse-]
-# | {+refusing+} to use any network servers run by anyone other than [-you?
-# | Not at all.-] {+you.+} Most servers [-do-] {+are+} not [-raise this
-# | issue,-] {+SaaSS+} because the [-job you-] {+jobs they+} do [-with them
-# | isn't your-] {+are not the user's+} own [-computing except in a trivial
-# | sense.-] {+computing.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Does avoiding SaaS mean you refuse to use any network servers run by "
-#| "anyone other than you? Not at all. Most servers do not raise this issue, "
-#| "because the job you do with them isn't your own computing except in a "
-#| "trivial sense."
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | The original [-purpose-] {+idea+} of web servers wasn't to do computing
-# | for you, it was to publish information for you to access. Even today this
-# | is what most web sites do, and it doesn't pose the SaaS{+S+} problem,
-# | because accessing someone's published information isn't [-a matter of-]
-# | doing your own computing. Neither is publishing your own materials via a
-# | blog site or a microblogging service such as Twitter or [-identi.ca.-]
-# | {+StatusNet. (These services may have other problems, of course.)+} The
-# | same goes for {+other+} communication not meant to be private, such as
-# | chat groups. [-Social networking can extend into SaaS; however, at root
-# | it is just a method of communication and publication, not SaaS. If you
-# | use the service for minor editing of what you're going to communicate,
-# | that is not a significant issue.-]
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-#| "was to publish information for you to access. Even today this is what "
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"The original idea of web servers wasn't to do computing for you, it was to "
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@@ -693,15 +483,15 @@
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | If a service is not SaaS{+S+}, that does not mean it is OK. There are
-# | other [-bad things a service can do.-] {+ethical issues about services.+}
-# | For instance, Facebook distributes video in Flash, which pressures users
-# | to run nonfree [-software,-] {+software; it requires running nonfree
-# | JavaScript code;+} and it gives users a misleading impression of
-# | [-privacy.-] {+privacy while luring them into baring their lives to
-# | Facebook.+} Those are important [-issues too, but this article's concern
-# | is-] {+issues, different from+} the [-issue of SaaS.-] {+SaaSS issue.+}
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@@ -738,31 +514,17 @@
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | Services such as search engines collect data from around the web and let
-# | you examine it. Looking through their collection of data isn't your own
-# | computing in the usual sense—you didn't provide that
-# | collection—so using such a service to search the web is not [-SaaS.
-# | (However,-] {+SaaSS. However,+} using someone else's [-search engine-]
-# | {+server+} to implement a search facility for your own site <em>is</em>
-# | [-SaaS.)-] {+SaaSS.+}
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-#| "you examine it. Looking through their collection of data isn't your own "
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msgid ""
"Services such as search engines collect data from around the web and let you "
"examine it. Looking through their collection of data isn't your own "
@@ -772,28 +534,15 @@
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# type: Content of: <p>
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-# | [-E-commerce-]{+Purchasing online+} is not SaaS{+S+}, because the
-# | computing isn't [-solely yours;-] {+<em>your own</em>;+} rather, it is
-# | done jointly {+by and+} for you and [-another party. So there's no
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# type: Content of: <p>
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-The real meaning of-]{+If+} “cloud computing” {+has a
-# | meaning, it+} is [-to suggest-] {+not a way of doing computing, but rather
-# | a way of thinking about computing:+} a devil-may-care approach [-towards
-# | your computing. It-] {+which+} says, “Don't ask [-questions, just
-# | trust every business without hesitation.-] {+questions.+} Don't worry
-# | about who controls your computing or who holds your data. Don't check for
-# | a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow [-it.”-] {+it.
-# | Trust companies without hesitation.”+} In other words,
-# | [-“Think like-] {+“Be+} a sucker.” [-I prefer-] {+A
-# | cloud in the mind is an obstacle+} to {+clear thinking. For the sake of
-# | clear thinking about computing, let's+} avoid the [-term.-] {+term
-# | “cloud.”+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The real meaning of “cloud computing” is to suggest a devil-"
-#| "may-care approach towards your computing. It says, “Don't ask "
-#| "questions, just trust every business without hesitation. Don't worry "
-#| "about who controls your computing or who holds your data. Don't check "
-#| "for a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow it.” In "
-#| "other words, “Think like a sucker.” I prefer to avoid the "
-#| "term."
msgid ""
"If “cloud computing” has a meaning, it is not a way of doing "
"computing, but rather a way of thinking about computing: a devil-may-care "
@@ -1018,29 +704,21 @@
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# type: Content of: <h3>
#. type: Content of: <h3>
-# | Dealing with the SaaS{+S+} Problem
-#| msgid "Dealing with the SaaS Problem"
msgid "Dealing with the SaaSS Problem"
msgstr "РеÑение пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑлÑг вмеÑÑо
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaS{+S+}; most don't raise the
-# | issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaS; most don't raise the "
-#| "issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?"
msgid ""
"Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaSS; most don't raise the "
"issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?"
@@ -1051,20 +729,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data in
-# | your own hands, the solution is simple: use your own copy of a free
-# | software application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free text
-# | editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo editing
-# | with your copy of free software such as GIMP. {+What if there is no free
-# | program available? A proprietary program or SaaSS would take away your
-# | freedom, so you shouldn't use those. You can contribute your time or your
-# | money to development of a free replacement.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data in "
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-#| "software application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free text "
-#| "editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo editing "
-#| "with your copy of free software such as GIMP."
msgid ""
"For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data in your "
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@@ -1081,37 +745,12 @@
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# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-But what-]{+What+} about collaborating with other [-individuals?-]
-# | {+individuals as a group?+} It may be hard to do this at present without
-# | using a {+server, and your group may not know how to run its own+} server.
-# | If you use [-one,-] {+someone else's server, at least+} don't trust a
-# | server run by a company. A mere contract as a customer is no protection
-# | unless you could detect a breach and could really sue, and the company
-# | probably writes its contracts to permit a broad range of abuses.
-# | [-Police-] {+The state+} can subpoena your data from the company
-# | {+along+} with [-less basis than required-] {+everyone else's, as Obama
-# | has done+} to [-subpoena them from you,-] {+phone companies,+} supposing
-# | the company doesn't volunteer them like the US phone companies that
-# | illegally wiretapped their customers for Bush. If you must use a server,
-# | use a server whose operators give you a basis for trust beyond a mere
-# | commercial relationship.
-#| msgid ""
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-#| "Bush. If you must use a server, use a server whose operators give you a "
-#| "basis for trust beyond a mere commercial relationship."
msgid ""
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@@ -1125,16 +764,16 @@
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@@ -1167,20 +806,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do your own
-# | computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaS{+S+}. Don't buy or install
-# | “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak they make
-# | you do the real work on a server, unless you're going to use them with
-# | <em>your</em> server. Use a real computer and keep your data there. Do
-# | your [-work-] {+own computing+} with your own copy of a free program, for
-# | your freedom's sake.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do your "
-#| "own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaS. Don't buy or install "
-#| "“thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak they make "
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msgid ""
"In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do your own "
"computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaSS. Don't buy or install “"
@@ -1190,14 +815,14 @@
"computing with your own copy of a free program, for your freedom's sake."
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#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "See also:"
@@ -1257,12 +882,10 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © [-2010-] {+2010, 2013+} Richard Stallman
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2013 Free
"
-"Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+"Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2013 "
+"Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
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