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www/philosophy/po open-source-misses-the-point....


From: DENG Nan
Subject: www/philosophy/po open-source-misses-the-point....
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2012 02:45:48 +0000

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     DENG Nan <monnand>      12/01/13 02:45:48

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        Simplified Chinese Edition of Why Open Source Misses the Point

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
diff -N open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po       13 Jan 2012 02:45:32 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+# Chinese translations for PACKAGE package
+# Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# monnand <address@hidden>, 2011.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1.0\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-06-01 20:28-0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-01-12 22:38+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Nan Deng <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese (simplified)\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr "开源究竟差哪了 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会(FSF)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software"
+msgstr "开源究竟差哪了"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>Richard Stallman</strong> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When we call software &ldquo;free,&rdquo; we mean that it respects the <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">users' essential freedoms</a>: the freedom "
+"to run it, to study and change it, and to redistribute copies with or "
+"without changes.  This is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of &ldquo;"
+"free speech,&rdquo; not &ldquo;free beer.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"要说一个软件是 &ldquo;自由&rdquo; 的,这意味着它尊重 <a 
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-sw.thml\">用户的基本自由</a>:运行这个软件,学习
和修改它,以及重新发布它"
+"的原版或修改版。这是个关于自由权利的问题,而非价æ 
¼é«˜ä½Žã€‚我们讨论的自由是如同"
+"自由言论般的权利,不是免费赠饮一样的大派送。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These freedoms are vitally important.  They are essential, not just for the "
+"individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they promote "
+"social solidarity&mdash;that is, sharing and cooperation.  They become even "
+"more important as our culture and life activities are increasingly "
+"digitized.  In a world of digital sounds, images, and words, free software "
+"becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general."
+msgstr ""
+"这几样自由是至关重要的。之所以说它们重要,不仅仅因
为它们可以讨好哪个用户,更"
+"是由于它们维系着整个社会的凝聚力&mdash; å…
·ä½“说来,就是分享与协作的精神。随着"
+"我们的生活与文化日渐数字化,这æ 
·çš„自由精神也随之越来越可贵。在一个充斥着数字"
+"化音像与文字的世界中,自由软件日益重要,它本身已经成为å
…³ä¹Žç€æˆ‘们基本自由的因"
+"素之一。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software; the "
+"public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all students to "
+"use the free <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux operating system</"
+"a>.  Most of these users, however, have never heard of the ethical reasons "
+"for which we developed this system and built the free software community, "
+"because nowadays this system and community are more often spoken of as "
+"&ldquo;open source&rdquo;, attributing them to a different philosophy in "
+"which these freedoms are hardly mentioned."
+msgstr ""
+"当今世界中,成百上千万的用户正在使用着自由软件;在印度和西班牙某些地区的å
…¬ç«‹"
+"学校里,全体学生都学习如何使用自由的 <a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/"
+"Linux 
操作系统</a>。然而,这些用户之中,大多数人却并不了解我们为何开发这个自"
+"由系统,又为何建立起整个自由软件社区,以及背后驱动这一切的道义上的逻辑。å›
 ä¸º"
+"如今这个自由系统,乃至整个社区都被以&ldquo; 开源&rdquo; 
一词以蔽之。顺着这个"
+"词,一切都被引入了一个完å…
¨ä¸åŒçš„思维之中。在那里,自由这东西,甚少提及。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software movement has campaigned for computer users' freedom since "
+"1983.  In 1984 we launched the development of the free operating system GNU, "
+"so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems that deny freedom to "
+"their users.  During the 1980s, we developed most of the essential "
+"components of the system and designed the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU "
+"General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) to release them under&mdash;a license "
+"designed specifically to protect freedom for all users of a program."
+msgstr ""
+"从 1983 年起,我们以维护计算机用户自由之名å…
´èµ·äº†è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶è¿åŠ¨ã€‚在 1984 年,我"
+"们发起了开发自由操作系统的计划,并将此系统命名为GNU。借此系统,我们就不å¿
…倚赖"
+"非自由的操作系统,不再坐视它们肆意剥夺用户的自由。在二十世纪å
…«åå¹´ä»£ï¼Œæˆ‘们开"
+"发了系统的绝大多数组件。为了保护用户的自由,我们设计了
 <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"gpl.html\">GNU 通用公共许可证</a> (GNU 
GPL),并以该许可证发行大部分组件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not all of the users and developers of free software agreed with the goals "
+"of the free software movement.  In 1998, a part of the free software "
+"community splintered off and began campaigning in the name of &ldquo;open "
+"source.&rdquo; The term was originally proposed to avoid a possible "
+"misunderstanding of the term &ldquo;free software,&rdquo; but it soon became "
+"associated with philosophical views quite different from those of the free "
+"software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"并非全部的自由软件用户和开发者
都赞同自由软件运动的目标。1998年,自由软件阵营"
+"中的部分成员分裂出来,并以&ldquo;开源&rdquo;为名继续开展活动。一开始,由于"
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;(free 
software)一词可能引起歧义,这才提出开源这个说"
+"法。但是很快开源这词便开始异化,使得å…
¶èƒŒåŽçš„逻辑与自由软件运动的初衷相去甚"
+"远。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a &ldquo;marketing "
+"campaign for free software,&rdquo; which would appeal to business executives "
+"by highlighting the software's practical benefits, while not raising issues "
+"of right and wrong that they might not like to hear.  Other supporters "
+"flatly rejected the free software movement's ethical and social values.  "
+"Whichever their views, when campaigning for open source, they neither cited "
+"nor advocated those values.  The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; quickly "
+"became associated with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, "
+"such as making or having powerful, reliable software.  Most of the "
+"supporters of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same "
+"association."
+msgstr ""
+"一些开源的支持者会认为,所谓开源,无
非是用来&ldquo;为自由软件做市场营销"
+"&rdquo;的。å…
·ä½“说来,就是向那些商界人士展现自由软件的实际
好处。同时避免谈及什"
+"么对错正误,因
为商业大佬们普遍不太喜欢这调调。还有一些开源的支持者
干脆就抛弃"
+"自由软件道义上的价值观。无
论他们持哪种观点,一旦他们开始为开源营销的时候,自"
+"由软件运动所珍视的那些价值观就被抛诸脑后。于是,&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词很快就"
+"单纯地和各种实用主义的价值观联系起来。比如说怎么能创é€
 ä¸€ä¸ªå¼ºå¤§ï¼Œç¨³å®šçš„软件。"
+"很多开源支持者
从一开始就把这些价值观推崇至极,也难怪局外人会有如此联系了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all open source software is free software.  The two terms describe "
+"almost the same category of software, but they stand for views based on "
+"fundamentally different values.  Open source is a development methodology; "
+"free software is a social movement.  For the free software movement, free "
+"software is an ethical imperative, because only free software respects the "
+"users' freedom.  By contrast, the philosophy of open source considers issues "
+"in terms of how to make software &ldquo;better&rdquo;&mdash;in a practical "
+"sense only.  It says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the "
+"practical problem at hand.  For the free software movement, however, nonfree "
+"software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and move "
+"to free software."
+msgstr ""
+"单纯说起软件的话,那么几
乎所有的开源软件同时也是自由软件。开源软件和自由软件"
+"这两个词在很大程度上描述的是同一类软件,但是它们所基于的价值观却有着本质上的"
+"区别。对于自由软件运动而言,自由软件是一个道德底线。å›
 ä¸ºåªæœ‰è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶æ‰çœŸæ­£å°Š"
+"重用户的自由。开源软件则与此不同,开源的哲学是考虑怎么做把软件做得&ldquo;
 更"
+"好 &ldquo;&mdash; 仅仅
从实用的角度考虑好坏。开源的哲学里,非自由软件之所以不"
+"好,是因
为他们采用了一种劣等的开发方式。而自由软件运动则以为,非自由软件本身"
+"就是一个社会问题。解决的方案则只能是抛弃非自由软件,转投自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Free software.&rdquo; &ldquo;Open source.&rdquo; If it's the same "
+"software, does it matter which name you use? Yes, because different words "
+"convey different ideas.  While a free program by any other name would give "
+"you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a lasting way depends "
+"above all on teaching people to value freedom.  If you want to help do this, "
+"it is essential to speak of &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;,&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;,既然都指的是同类软件,那何å¿
…"
+"在名字上这么较真呢?恐怕还是有这个必要的。因
为不同的词汇传递着不同的思维。尽"
+"管现在看来,用另一个名字称呼自由软件可以给你
同等的自由,但若要长期维护用户的"
+"自由,则必须让人们领域到自由的价值。倘若你
想帮助人们做到这点,那么用&ldquo;自"
+"由软件&rdquo;这一称呼则尤为重要。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We in the free software movement don't think of the open source camp as an "
+"enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software.  But we want people to "
+"know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being mislabeled as open "
+"source supporters."
+msgstr ""
+"作为自由软件运动的成员,我们并不将开源阵营视为敌人。我们的敌人是专有(非自"
+"由)软件。但我们希望人们至少应该知道,我们所捍卫的是用户的自由。所以我们不愿"
+"被开源支持者们贴错标签。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"Common Misunderstandings of &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo; and &ldquo;Open "
+"Source&rdquo;"
+msgstr "关于&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的常见误解"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; is prone to misinterpretation: an "
+"unintended meaning, &ldquo;software you can get for zero price,&rdquo; fits "
+"the term just as well as the intended meaning, &ldquo;software which gives "
+"the user certain freedoms.&rdquo; We address this problem by publishing the "
+"definition of free software, and by saying &ldquo;Think of &lsquo;free "
+"speech,&rsquo; not &lsquo;free beer.&rsquo;&rdquo; This is not a perfect "
+"solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem.  An unambiguous and "
+"correct term would be better, if it didn't present other problems."
+msgstr ""
+"在英语中,&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;,即 Free 
Software,这个词很容易被误解:Free"
+"一词既有å…
è´¹çš„意思,也有自由的意项。而我们所谓的自由软件,则是&ldquo;一类可以"
+"赋予用户指定自由的软件&rdquo;。要解决这个问题,我们发布了自由软件的定义。为了"
+"方便理解,我们解释自由软件中 
Free,是自由言论中所说的自由,而非免费赠饮中的免"
+"费。这显然不是个理想的解决方案,它无法完å…
¨æœç»è¿™ä¸€é—®é¢˜ã€‚一个意思正确,又没有"
+"歧异的词显然更好些,不过前提是这词不会引起å…
¶ä»–麻烦。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own.  "
+"We've looked at many that people have suggested, but none is so clearly "
+"&ldquo;right&rdquo; that switching to it would be a good idea.  (For "
+"instance, in some contexts the French and Spanish word &ldquo;libre&rdquo; "
+"works well, but people in India do not recognize it at all.)  Every proposed "
+"replacement for &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has some kind of semantic "
+"problem&mdash;and this includes &ldquo;open source software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"可惜的是,在英语中,能替换 Free 的词都多少有点毛病
。我们考量了许多别人的建"
+"议,然而没有哪个比å…
¶ä»–çš„æ›´&rdquo;正确&ldquo;点(比如说,在某些情况下,法语和"
+"西班牙语中的&rduo;libre&rdquo;一词更好点。可是印度的人就æ 
¹æœ¬ä¸è®¤è¯†è¿™ä¸ªè¯ï¼‰ã€‚"
+"每个可能替代&ldquo;Free 
Software&rdquo;的词多少都会有些语义方面的问题&mdash;"
+"这显然也包括&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;(Open Source Software)。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>official definition of &ldquo;"
+"open source software&rdquo;</a> (which is published by the Open Source "
+"Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived indirectly from our "
+"criteria for free software.  It is not the same; it is a little looser in "
+"some respects, so the open source people have accepted a few licenses that "
+"we consider unacceptably restrictive.  Also, they judge solely by the "
+"license of the source code, whereas our criterion also considers whether a "
+"device will let you <em>run</em> your modified version of the program.  "
+"Nonetheless, their definition agrees with our definition in most cases."
+msgstr ""
+"<a 
href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>开源软件的官方定义</a>(它是由开源"
+"促进会发布的,鉴于这个定义过长,就不在本文中å…
¨éƒ¨å¼•ç”¨äº†ï¼‰æ˜¯ç›´æŽ¥ä»Žæˆ‘们对于自由"
+"软件的界定衍生而来。不过二者
也有不同,在某些方面,开源软件的定义比自由软件更"
+"宽松。所以,对于某些软件许可证,开源阵营的人们可能会认证å
…¶ä¸ºå¼€æºè®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œè€Œæˆ‘"
+"们则可能会严格地拒绝它们。同时,开源软件仅仅
考虑软件源代码的许可证;而对于自"
+"由软件,还要考虑运行软件的设备是否å…
è®¸ç”¨æˆ·<em>运行</em>修改后的程序。不过总体"
+"而言,开源软件的定义和我们自由软件的定义在很多地方都是等价的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, the obvious meaning for the expression &ldquo;open source "
+"software&rdquo;&mdash;and the one most people seem to think it means&mdash;"
+"is &ldquo;You can look at the source code.&rdquo; That criterion is much "
+"weaker than the free software definition, much weaker also than the official "
+"definition of open source.  It includes many programs that are neither free "
+"nor open source."
+msgstr ""
+"可是,&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的字面意思&mdash;同æ 
·ä¹Ÿæ˜¯äººä»¬æ™®éä»¥ä¸ºçš„意思"
+"&mdash;是&ldquo;你可以看到源代码&rdquo;。这æ 
·çš„意思比起自由软件定义来说要宽松"
+"的多,也比开源软件的定义宽松多。这æ 
·çš„字面意思囊括了很多既非自由也非开源的软"
+"件。"
+
+#. It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
+#. that page is no longer available.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since that obvious meaning for &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is not the meaning "
+"that its advocates intend, the result is that most people misunderstand the "
+"term.  According to writer Neal Stephenson, &ldquo;Linux is &lsquo;open "
+"source&rsquo; software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its "
+"source code files.&rdquo; I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or "
+"dispute the &ldquo;official&rdquo; definition.  I think he simply applied "
+"the conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the "
+"term.  The state of Kansas published a similar definition: &ldquo;Make use "
+"of open-source software (OSS).  OSS is software for which the source code is "
+"freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary "
+"as to what one is allowed to do with that code.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"由于&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词的字面意思与开源支持者
的本意不同,导致很多人误解了"
+"这个词。这里引用一段Neal Stephenson文章
中的话,&ldquo;Linux是&lsquo;开源"
+"&rsquo;软件,意思很简单,就是任何人都可以获得它的源代ç 
&rdquo;。我觉得Neal并"
+"非有意拒绝或者曲解开源软件的官方定义。恐怕他仅仅
是望文生义,可惜误会了开源这"
+"词。å 
ªè¨æ–¯å·žæ”¿åºœä¹Ÿæ›¾å‘布了一份开源软件的简化定义:&ldquo;开源软件(OSS)即一"
+"类计算机软件,用户可以免费且公开地获得其源代ç 
ï¼›ç”¨æˆ·å¯ä»¥å¯¹å…¶æºä»£ç åšå“ªäº›æ“"
+"作,则根据软件的许可证规定各有不同&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <i>New York Times</i> has <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\"> run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</"
+"a> to refer to user beta testing&mdash;letting a few users try an early "
+"version and give confidential feedback&mdash;which proprietary software "
+"developers have practiced for decades."
+msgstr ""
+"还有更糟糕的,<i>纽约时报</i>发表了<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\">一篇文章</a>,把开源这词的意思完å…
¨æ‹§äº†ï¼Œæ–‡ä¸­å°†å¼€æºè½¯ä»¶è§£"
+"释为内测版软件&mdash;就是给一小撮用户做测试的抢å…
ˆç‰ˆè½¯ä»¶&mdash;这东西专有软件"
+"开发者在几十年前就发布过了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their official "
+"definition, but that corrective approach is less effective for them than it "
+"is for us.  The term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has two natural meanings, "
+"one of which is the intended meaning, so a person who has grasped the idea "
+"of &ldquo;free speech, not free beer&rdquo; will not get it wrong again.  "
+"But the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; has only one natural meaning, which "
+"is different from the meaning its supporters intend.  So there is no "
+"succinct way to explain and justify its official definition.  That makes for "
+"worse confusion."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的支持者
们试图通过不断引用官方定义来解决这些误会。这方法显然没错,可直接"
+"引述定义对自由软件似乎更有效。&ldquo;Free 
Software&rdquo;一词字面上有两个意"
+"思,其中的自由之意是我们希望传
达的。一个人如果能理解&rdquo;自由言论而非免费啤"
+"é…
’&ldquo;这句话,就不会再搞错该使用Free的哪个意项。然而,&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一"
+"次仅仅有一个字面意思,而这个意思与å…
¶æœ¬èº«è¦è¡¨è¾¾çš„意思又有所不同。结果就很难找"
+"一个简单的方法解释官方的定义。这就带来了更多的误解。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another misunderstanding of &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is the idea that it "
+"means &ldquo;not using the GNU GPL.&rdquo; This tends to accompany another "
+"misunderstanding that &ldquo;free software&rdquo; means &ldquo;GPL-covered "
+"software.&rdquo; These are both mistaken, since the GNU GPL qualifies as an "
+"open source license and most of the open source licenses qualify as free "
+"software licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"另外一个å…
³äºŽ&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的误解是:开源软件意味着&ldquo;不用 GNU 
GPL 许"
+"可证&rdquo;。这个误解又常常版随着另外一个误解:&ldquo;自由软件就是使用
 GPL 许"
+"可证的软件&rdquol。这显然是扭曲了自由软件和开源软件。GNU
 GPL 许可证也被认证为"
+"开源软件许可证。很多开源软件许可证也同时是自由软件许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; has been further stretched by its "
+"application to other activities, such as government, education, and science, "
+"where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria for software "
+"licensing are simply not pertinent.  The only thing these activities have in "
+"common is that they somehow invite people to participate.  They stretch the "
+"term so far that it only means &ldquo;participatory&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词又一再地被引申到了各个领域,比如政府部门,教育,科学还"
+"有其他压根没有源代码的地方,以及和软件许可证æ 
¹æœ¬æ‰¯ä¸ä¸Šå…³ç³»çš„领域。它们唯一的"
+"å…
±åŒç‚¹æ˜¯ï¼šå¤šå¤šå°‘少都是鼓励人们参与到某个活动中来。到头来,开源这词就被引申成"
+"了&ldquo;参与性&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions&hellip;but Not Always"
+msgstr 
"不同的价值观可以得到类似的结论&hellip;可惜总有例外"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Radical groups in the 1960s had a reputation for factionalism: some "
+"organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and the "
+"two daughter groups treated each other as enemies despite having similar "
+"basic goals and values.  The right wing made much of this and used it to "
+"criticize the entire left."
+msgstr ""
+"二十世纪六十年代,美国的极左派阵营曾由于意见分歧而å…
šç¾½æž—立。尽管他们实际上有"
+"着相同的目的和价值观,但各个派别之间依旧水火不容,å…
³ç³»ç´§å¼ ã€‚这使得右翼势力得"
+"以借力打力,进而攻击整个左派阵营。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some try to disparage the free software movement by comparing our "
+"disagreement with open source to the disagreements of those radical groups.  "
+"They have it backwards.  We disagree with the open source camp on the basic "
+"goals and values, but their views and ours lead in many cases to the same "
+"practical behavior&mdash;such as developing free software."
+msgstr ""
+"由于自由软件和开源阵营存在的这种分歧,有些人就用美国极左阵营的例子,来告诫或"
+"是诋毁自由软件运动。不过现在的情况和当初极左阵营的情
况正好相反:我们和开源软"
+"件阵营有着不同的目的和价值观,不过不同的观点却导致了很多相同行为&mdash;比如说"
+"开发自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As a result, people from the free software movement and the open source camp "
+"often work together on practical projects such as software development.  It "
+"is remarkable that such different philosophical views can so often motivate "
+"different people to participate in the same projects.  Nonetheless, there "
+"are situations where these fundamentally different views lead to very "
+"different actions."
+msgstr ""
+"于是大家看到的结果就是:来自自由软件运动的人和来自开源阵营的人经常一起在同一"
+"个项目中一起工作,比如一起开发软件。这是值得一提的:尽管大家观点不同,但却可"
+"能在同一个项目中工作。当然,我们和开源阵营各自不同的观点有些时候也可能会导致"
+"不同的行为。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of open source is that allowing users to change and redistribute "
+"the software will make it more powerful and reliable.  But this is not "
+"guaranteed.  Developers of proprietary software are not necessarily "
+"incompetent.  Sometimes they produce a program that is powerful and "
+"reliable, even though it does not respect the users' freedom.  Free software "
+"activists and open source enthusiasts will react very differently to that."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的基本思路是:å…
è®¸ç”¨æˆ·ä¿®æ”¹å’Œå†å‘布软件,是为了让软件更加强大和可靠
。可惜"
+"这不是个必要条件。很多专有软件的开发者
技术也很强。有些时候,哪怕专有软件不尊"
+"重用户的自由,依然可以开发出强大而可靠
的软件。对于这个事实,自由软件支持者和"
+"开源阵营的人对此反应就会不同。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A pure open source enthusiast, one that is not at all influenced by the "
+"ideals of free software, will say, &ldquo;I am surprised you were able to "
+"make the program work so well without using our development model, but you "
+"did.  How can I get a copy?&rdquo; This attitude will reward schemes that "
+"take away our freedom, leading to its loss."
+msgstr ""
+"对于一个纯粹的开源狂热者
来说&mdash;假设他没有被自由软件的理想所影响&mdash;可"
+"能会说,&ldquo;你们(专有软件开发者
)竟然没用我们的开发模型,还能开发出这么好"
+"的软件。这太让我感到意外了。能给我拷一份你
们的软件吗?&rdquo; 这样的态度会让"
+"专有软件的诡计得逞&mdash;剥夺我们的自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software activist will say, &ldquo;Your program is very attractive, "
+"but I value my freedom more.  So I reject your program.  Instead I will "
+"support a project to develop a free replacement.&rdquo; If we value our "
+"freedom, we can act to maintain and defend it."
+msgstr ""
+"而自由软件支持者
则会说,&ldquo;您的软件非常吸引人,不过我更看重我的自由。很遗"
+"憾,我不得不放弃使用您的软件。我会支持一个项目,开发一个实现类似功能的自由软"
+"件。&rdquo; 你若真心珍视你
的自由,我们就可以用行动去捍卫它。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Powerful, Reliable Software Can Be Bad"
+msgstr "强大而可靠的软件,未必是个好东西"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea that we want software to be powerful and reliable comes from the "
+"supposition that the software is designed to serve its users.  If it is "
+"powerful and reliable, that means it serves them better."
+msgstr ""
+"大家都希望软件强大而可靠,因
为我们都觉得软件是为用户服务的。既然是为用户服务"
+"的,那强大而可靠的软件显然可以更好地服务用户。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But software can be said to serve its users only if it respects their "
+"freedom.  What if the software is designed to put chains on its users? Then "
+"powerfulness means the chains are more constricting, and reliability that "
+"they are harder to remove.  Malicious features, such as spying on the users, "
+"restricting the users, back doors, and imposed upgrades are common in "
+"proprietary software, and some open source supporters want to implement them "
+"in open source programs."
+msgstr ""
+"但是必
须要明确,只有当软件尊重用户的自由时,我们才说软件是在为用户服务。倘若"
+"软件本身就有意剥夺用户自由,为å…
¶è®¾ç½®å„种障碍,那么如此的软件更强大仅仅意味着"
+"更多的羁绊,更可靠也就意味着这些障碍难以å…
‹æœã€‚现实生活中,恶意流氓的功能在专"
+"有软件中比比皆是:监视用户,限制用户,后门,强制升级等等。而一些开源软件支持"
+"者们竟希望在他们的开源软件中实现类似功能。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for individuals "
+"to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict them.  This "
+"malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) (see <a "
+"href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/\";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is the "
+"antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims to provide.  And "
+"not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to trample your freedom, DRM "
+"developers try to make it hard, impossible, or even illegal for you to "
+"change the software that implements the DRM."
+msgstr ""
+"迫于电影和唱片å…
¬å¸çš„压力,越来越多的个人软件被设计得有意限制用户的行为。这种"
+"恶意功能的官方讲法是<em>数字版权管理</em>(参见<a 
href=\"http://";
+"defectivebydesign.org\">DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)。这种功能与自由软件的æ
 ¸å¿ƒ"
+"精神完全背道而驰。说起来,这已然不仅
是精神层面背道而驰了,在实际操作上,DRM "
+"的开发者们试图让用户无
法修改软件,甚至将此视为违法行为。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Yet some open source supporters have proposed &ldquo;open source DRM&rdquo; "
+"software.  Their idea is that, by publishing the source code of programs "
+"designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by allowing others "
+"to change it, they will produce more powerful and reliable software for "
+"restricting users like you.  The software would then be delivered to you in "
+"devices that do not allow you to change it."
+msgstr ""
+"尽管如此,一些开源软件的支持者
们依然提议开发所谓&ldquo;开源 DRM&rdquo;软件。"
+"这背后的逻辑是:发布这些限制用户自由的软件的源代ç 
ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”允许用户修改它,就可"
+"以造出更强大可靠
的软件,来继续限制用户的自由。然后,这些软件会被拷贝到某个设"
+"备上一并卖到你手里,而那个设备则禁止你修改运行å…
¶ä¸Šçš„软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This software might be open source and use the open source development "
+"model, but it won't be free software since it won't respect the freedom of "
+"the users that actually run it.  If the open source development model "
+"succeeds in making this software more powerful and reliable for restricting "
+"you, that will make it even worse."
+msgstr ""
+"这æ 
·çš„软件也许称得上是开源软件,并且也的确用的是开源的开发模式。但是它不可能"
+"成为自由软件,因为它æ 
¹æœ¬æ²¡æœ‰å°Šé‡ç”¨æˆ·çš„自由。倘若说开源的开发模式可以成功地制"
+"造如此软件,并且让这些软件更强大更可靠,进而限制你
我的自由,那只能说这次开源"
+"把一切变得更糟了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Fear of Freedom"
+msgstr "令人生畏的自由"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source camp from "
+"the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of &ldquo;free "
+"software&rdquo; made some people uneasy.  That's true: raising ethical "
+"issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as "
+"convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer to "
+"ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical.  This can trigger "
+"discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it.  It does not "
+"follow that we ought to stop talking about these issues."
+msgstr ""
+"当年那些人之所以从自由软件运动中分裂出来,发起开源软件运动,主要原å›
 å°±æ˜¯å› ä¸º"
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;的道德基础让不少人如坐针毡。的确如此,倘若说起道德,比"
+"如用户的自由,开发者
的责任等等,往往会迫使人们去思考一些常被忽视的问题,好比"
+"说某些行为是否符合道德规范。这种说教确实会让人心生不快,有些人则å›
 æ­¤æŠŠå®ƒä»¬æŠ›"
+"诸脑后,从此不闻不问。但这并非意味着,每当论及道德,我们就该退避三舍,闭口不"
+"谈。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That is, however, what the leaders of open source decided to do.  They "
+"figured that by keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only "
+"about the immediate practical benefits of certain free software, they might "
+"be able to &ldquo;sell&rdquo; the software more effectively to certain "
+"users, especially business."
+msgstr ""
+"遗憾的是,开源的领导者
们恰恰是选择忽视了这些问题。他们意识到,只要在道德和自"
+"由方面装
聋作哑,转而只讨论某些自由软件当下可以创收多少效益,就没准能让他们更"
+"高效地&ldquo;卖&rdquo;软件给一些特定用户,尤å…
¶æ˜¯å•†ä¸šç”¨æˆ·ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This approach has proved effective, in its own terms.  The rhetoric of open "
+"source has convinced many businesses and individuals to use, and even "
+"develop, free software, which has extended our community&mdash;but only at "
+"the superficial, practical level.  The philosophy of open source, with its "
+"purely practical values, impedes understanding of the deeper ideas of free "
+"software; it brings many people into our community, but does not teach them "
+"to defend it.  That is good, as far as it goes, but it is not enough to make "
+"freedom secure.  Attracting users to free software takes them just part of "
+"the way to becoming defenders of their own freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"从这套理论的观点看,这方法倒也真算行之有效了。开源这词说服了众多商业和个人用"
+"户,使得他们他们开始使用,甚至开发自由软件,由此扩大了我们的社区。然而如此的"
+"扩张仅仅是表面上的,停留在仅仅å…
³æ³¨å®žç”¨çš„层次上。由于开源的哲学仅仅停留在实用"
+"层面,进而阻碍了人们理解自由软件更深层次的含义。它为我们的社区添åŠ
 äº†æ–°é²œè¡€"
+"液,却没能教会那些新人如何维持这æ 
·ä¸€ä¸ªç¤¾åŒºã€‚至此为止,倒也还好,但它还不足以"
+"捍卫自由。把用户吸引到自由软件社区来,仅仅
是万里长征的第一步,他们还需要懂得"
+"去成为自己自由的维护者。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to proprietary "
+"software for some practical advantage.  Countless companies seek to offer "
+"such temptation, some even offering copies gratis.  Why would users decline? "
+"Only if they have learned to value the freedom free software gives them, to "
+"value freedom in and of itself rather than the technical and practical "
+"convenience of specific free software.  To spread this idea, we have to talk "
+"about freedom.  A certain amount of the &ldquo;keep quiet&rdquo; approach to "
+"business can be useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes "
+"so common that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity."
+msgstr ""
+"这些没能理解自由软件含义的用户,早晚会出于某些实用角度的考虑,再转投专有软"
+"件。无数的软件公司已经开始做出这æ 
·çš„尝试吸引用户使用专有软件,哪怕是发行免费"
+"的专有软件。用户只有在懂得珍视自由软件赋予他们的自由之后,才会拒绝如此诱惑。"
+"所以,我们必
须反复强调自由,才能渐渐扩散自由的理念。&ldquo;保持沉默&rdquo;的"
+"信条在商业化的过程中可能会有用,但过分强调它,让热爱自由被视为自私,则会害了"
+"整个社区。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That dangerous situation is exactly what we have.  Most people involved with "
+"free software, especially its distributors, say little about freedom&mdash;"
+"usually because they seek to be &ldquo;more acceptable to business.&rdquo; "
+"Nearly all GNU/Linux operating system distributions add proprietary packages "
+"to the basic free system, and they invite users to consider this an "
+"advantage rather than a flaw."
+msgstr ""
+"如此的危机恰恰是我们当前面临的。众多参与自由软件社区的人们,尤å
…¶æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶çš„"
+"发行商们,对于自由总是闭口不谈 &mdash; 往往是因
为他们想要&ldquo;在商业上被认"
+"可&rdquo;。几乎所有 GNU/Linux 的发行版都会在其基础版中搀å…
¥ä¸“有软件。它们甚至"
+"将此宣传有一种优势,而非缺陷。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux distributions "
+"find fertile ground because most of our community does not insist on freedom "
+"with its software.  This is no coincidence.  Most GNU/Linux users were "
+"introduced to the system through &ldquo;open source&rdquo; discussion, which "
+"doesn't say that freedom is a goal.  The practices that don't uphold freedom "
+"and the words that don't talk about freedom go hand in hand, each promoting "
+"the other.  To overcome this tendency, we need more, not less, talk about "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"带有专有插件的软件,和含有专有软件的 GNU/Linux 
发行版之所以有生存和发展的空"
+"间,就是因
为我们社区中大多数人并没有坚守自己的自由。这并非巧合。大多数
 GNU/"
+"Linux 
用户是被&ldquo;开源&rldquo;一词吸引而来,而开源则没有把维护用户自由作为"
+"其目标。无视自由的言论口口相传,漠
视自由的态度比比皆是。人人如此,互相影响。"
+"要扭转这æ 
·çš„局势,我们唯一能做的,就是更多地谈论自由,而非把它搁置一边。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "总结"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As the advocates of open source draw new users into our community, we free "
+"software activists must shoulder the task of bringing the issue of freedom "
+"to their attention.  We have to say, &ldquo;It's free software and it gives "
+"you freedom!&rdquo;&mdash;more and louder than ever.  Every time you say "
+"&ldquo;free software&rdquo; rather than &ldquo;open source,&rdquo; you help "
+"our campaign."
+msgstr ""
+"开源的支持者们把一个个用户拉å…
¥ä»–们的阵营,而提醒用户维护自由的任务,则落到了"
+"我们自由软件支持者
们的肩膀上。我们要敢于用比以往更大的声音说&ldquo;这是自由软"
+"件,它才是真正尊重你的自由的软件!&rdquo;&mdash;每当你
把&ldquo;开源软件"
+"&rdquo;一词替换成&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;的时候,你
就是在支持我们的运动。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Notes"
+msgstr "脚注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Joe Barr's article, <a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/";
+"LWD010523vcontrol4\">&ldquo;Live and let license,&rdquo;</a> gives his "
+"perspective on this issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Joe Barr 的 <a 
href=\"http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4\";>这篇文章</"
+"a> 阐述了他对于这个问题的立场。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
+"management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/"
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> "
+"says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software "
+"should be free.  This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers "
+"on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an "
+"ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Lakhani 和 Wolf 在关于自由软件开发者动机的 <a 
href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/";
+"courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-"
+"trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf\">论文</a> 
中提到,很大一部分开发"
+"者
都认为软件本该自由,由此才参与开发自由软件的。可惜他们的调查的是SourceForge"
+"上的开发者
,而SourceForge网站本身则并不认为软件自由是个伦理问题。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会与 GNU 
的查询与问题(以英语)发送到<a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。您也可以通过 <a 
href=\"/contact/\">其"
+"它方法</a> 联系自由软件基金会。 "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"发现任何错误和链接或å…
¶å®ƒéœ€è¦æ›´æ­£çš„地方(或任何建议),请发送邮件至 <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "版权所有 &copy; 2007,2010 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"本文允许在不变更内容的前提下无需使用费的å…
¨æ–‡å¤åˆ¶å’Œå‘布在全球任何媒体,但需保"
+"留此注记和版权声明。 "
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>: 邓楠 (Nan Deng)\n"
+"<b>审校</b>: 李凡希"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr "其他语言"



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