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www gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html gnu/initial-annou...


From: Yavor Doganov
Subject: www gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html gnu/initial-annou...
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2009 08:25:51 +0000

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   09/10/30 08:25:51

Modified files:
        gnu            : gnu-linux-faq.fr.html 
                         initial-announcement.fr.html 
                         linux-and-gnu.bg.html linux-and-gnu.fr.html 
                         linux-and-gnu.sr.html 
        gnu/po         : initial-announcement.fr.po linux-and-gnu.fr.po 
Added files:
        fun/jokes/po   : gnuemacs.pot 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/fun/jokes/po/gnuemacs.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15

Patches:
Index: gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html   29 Oct 2009 20:25:26 -0000      1.13
+++ gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html   30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.14
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/29 20:25:26 $
+$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html    9 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000       1.25
+++ gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html    30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.26
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
 <h2>Annonce initiale</h2>
 
-<p> Ceci est l'annonce originale du Projet GNU &eacute;crite par <a
+<p> Ceci est l'annonce originale du Projet GNU, &eacute;crite par <a
 href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> le 27 septembre 1983.</p>
 
 <p> L'histoire du Projet GNU diff&egrave;re en beaucoup de points de ce plan
@@ -254,11 +254,11 @@
 <div id="footer">
 
 <p>
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send
-broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a
+href="/contact/">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez
+envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à
+&lt;address@hidden&gt;.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Copyright &copy; 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright &copy; 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 </p>
 <p>La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est
 permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/09 08:25:41 $
+$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html   23 Oct 2009 08:26:11 -0000      1.26
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html   30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.27
@@ -129,12 +129,13 @@
 изминат, докато хората могат да го 
ползват.</p>
 
 <p>
-Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.  Once
-Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system.
-People could then <a
-href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>
-combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system: a
-Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/Linux system, for short.</p>
+За щастие, нямаше нужда да чакаме за Hurd, 
понеже Линукс беше на
+разположение.  Когато Линус Торвалдс 
написа Линукс, той запълни последната
+голяма празнина.  От този момент нататък х
ората вече можеха да <a
+href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>комбинират
+Линукс със системата GNU</a>, за да изградят 
цялостна свободна система,
+т.е. версия на системата GNU, базирана на 
Линукс, или съкратено —
+GNU/Линукс.</p>
 
 <p>
 Събирането им заедно звучи просто, но не 
беше незначителна работа.  Бяха
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Последно обновяване:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/23 08:26:11 $
+$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html   23 Oct 2009 08:26:11 -0000      1.30
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html   30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.31
@@ -150,12 +150,14 @@
 d'être prêt à l'usage public.</p>
 
 <p>
-Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.  Once
-Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system.
-People could then <a
-href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>
-combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system: a
-Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/Linux system, for short.</p>
+Heureusement, vous n'&ecirc;tes pas oblig&eacute; d'attendre Hurd,
+gr&acirc;ce &agrave; Linux. Quand Linus Torvalds a &eacute;crit Linux, il a
+bouch&eacute; le dernier trou dans le syst&egrave;me GNU. Les gens purent
+alors <a
+href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01";>adjoindre
+Linux au syst&egrave;me GNU</a> pour obtenir un syst&egrave;me libre
+complet&nbsp;: un syst&egrave;me GNU bas&eacute; sur Linux&nbsp;; le
+syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux, en plus court.</p>
 
 <p>
 Les faire fonctionner ensemble n'&eacute;tait pas un travail
@@ -336,7 +338,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/23 08:26:11 $
+$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html   20 Oct 2009 08:26:24 -0000      1.20
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html   30 Oct 2009 08:25:41 -0000      1.21
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
 грешака</a> <a 
href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-sr/";>пројекта
 превода <tt>www.gnu.org</tt>-а на српски</a>. За 
допринос српском
 преводу, корисно је да погледате и
-документ <a 
href="http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mr99164/uput/kakoda-prevodim-gnu-ov-veb.html";>КАКОДА
+документ <a 
href="http://alas.matf.bg.ac.rs/~mr99164/uput/kakoda-prevodim-gnu-ov-veb.html";>КАКОДА
 прeводим ГНУ-ов веб</a>, који садржи смернице 
којих се треба
 придржавати при превођењу страница 
<tt>www.gnu.org</tt>-а на српски
 језик.</p>
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Ажурирано:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/20 08:26:24 $
+$Date: 2009/10/30 08:25:41 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/po/initial-announcement.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- gnu/po/initial-announcement.fr.po   28 Oct 2009 16:36:55 -0000      1.5
+++ gnu/po/initial-announcement.fr.po   30 Oct 2009 08:25:47 -0000      1.6
@@ -24,68 +24,207 @@
 msgstr "Annonce initiale"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27th 1983."
-msgstr "Ceci est l'annonce originale du Projet GNU, &eacute;crite par <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> le 27 septembre 1983."
+msgid ""
+"This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a href="
+"\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> on September 27th 1983."
+msgstr ""
+"Ceci est l'annonce originale du Projet GNU, &eacute;crite par <a href="
+"\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> le 27 septembre 1983."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The history of the GNU Project is in many ways different from this 
initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984 and 
several of the details about <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free 
software</a> had not yet been clarified."
-msgstr "L'histoire du Projet GNU diff&egrave;re en beaucoup de points de ce 
plan initial. Par exemple, le d&eacute;but a &eacute;t&eacute; report&eacute; 
en janvier 1984 et plusieurs d&eacute;tails en rapport avec le <a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciel libre</a> n'ont pas encore 
&eacute;t&eacute; clarifi&eacute;s."
+msgid ""
+"The history of the GNU Project is in many ways different from this initial "
+"plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January, 1984 and several "
+"of the details about <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> "
+"had not yet been clarified."
+msgstr ""
+"L'histoire du Projet GNU diff&egrave;re en beaucoup de points de ce plan "
+"initial. Par exemple, le d&eacute;but a &eacute;t&eacute; report&eacute; en "
+"janvier 1984 et plusieurs d&eacute;tails en rapport avec le <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciel libre</a> n'ont pas encore &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; clarifi&eacute;s."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Free Unix!"
 msgstr "Lib&eacute;rez Unix&nbsp;!"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete 
Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and give it 
away free<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.  Contributions of 
time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed."
-msgstr "&Agrave; partir de Thanksgiving je vais &eacute;crire un 
syst&egrave;me logiciel complet compatible avec Unix appel&eacute; GNU (pour 
Gnu's Not Unix - Gnu N'est pas Unix) et le distribuer librement <a 
href=\"#f1\"><sup>1</sup></a> &agrave; quiconque voudra l'utiliser. Il y a un 
grand besoin de contributions sous forme de temps, d'argent, de programmes et 
d'&eacute;quipement."
+msgid ""
+"Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete Unix-compatible "
+"software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and give it away free<a "
+"href=\"#f1\">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.  Contributions of time, "
+"money, programs and equipment are greatly needed."
+msgstr ""
+"&Agrave; partir de Thanksgiving je vais &eacute;crire un syst&egrave;me "
+"logiciel complet compatible avec Unix appel&eacute; GNU (pour Gnu's Not Unix "
+"- Gnu N'est pas Unix) et le distribuer librement <a href=\"#f1\"><sup>1</"
+"sup></a> &agrave; quiconque voudra l'utiliser. Il y a un grand besoin de "
+"contributions sous forme de temps, d'argent, de programmes et d'&eacute;"
+"quipement."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to 
write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler, and a 
few other things.  After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC, an Empire 
game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things.  We hope to supply, 
eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and 
anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy documentation."
-msgstr "Pour commencer, GNU comprendra un noyau ainsi que tous les utilitaires 
requis pour &eacute;crire et faire tourner des programmes C&nbsp;: 
&eacute;diteur, interpr&eacute;teur de commandes, compilateur C, &eacute;diteur 
de liens, assembleur et quelques autres encore. Par la suite, nous ajouterons 
un formateur de texte, un YACC, un jeu Empire, un tableur et des centaines 
d'autres choses. Nous esp&eacute;rons suppl&eacute;er par la suite &agrave; 
tout composant utile venant normalement avec un syst&egrave;me Unix ainsi que 
n'importe quoi d'autre d'utile, incluant de la documentation en ligne et 
imprim&eacute;e."
+msgid ""
+"To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to write "
+"and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, assembler, and a few "
+"other things.  After this we will add a text formatter, a YACC, an Empire "
+"game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other things.  We hope to supply, "
+"eventually, everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and "
+"anything else useful, including on-line and hardcopy documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour commencer, GNU comprendra un noyau ainsi que tous les utilitaires "
+"requis pour &eacute;crire et faire tourner des programmes C&nbsp;: &eacute;"
+"diteur, interpr&eacute;teur de commandes, compilateur C, &eacute;diteur de "
+"liens, assembleur et quelques autres encore. Par la suite, nous ajouterons "
+"un formateur de texte, un YACC, un jeu Empire, un tableur et des centaines "
+"d'autres choses. Nous esp&eacute;rons suppl&eacute;er par la suite &agrave; "
+"tout composant utile venant normalement avec un syst&egrave;me Unix ainsi "
+"que n'importe quoi d'autre d'utile, incluant de la documentation en ligne et "
+"imprim&eacute;e."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to 
Unix.  We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our 
experience with other operating systems.  In particular, we plan to have longer 
filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, filename completion 
perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and eventually a Lisp-based 
window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs 
can share a screen.  Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming 
languages.  We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, far 
superior to UUCP.  We may also have something compatible with UUCP."
-msgstr "GNU sera capable de faire tourner des programmes Unix mais ne sera pas 
identique &agrave; Unix. Nous y apporterons toute am&eacute;lioration pratique 
en nous basant sur notre exp&eacute;rience d'autres syst&egrave;mes 
d'exploitation. En particulier, nous avons l'intention de mettre en oeuvre des 
noms de fichiers plus longs, des num&eacute;ros de version sur les fichiers, un 
syst&egrave;me de fichiers r&eacute;sistant aux plantages, la terminaison 
automatique des noms de fichiers peut-&ecirc;tre, l'affichage 
ind&eacute;pendant du terminal et &eacute;ventuellement un syst&egrave;me de 
fen&ecirc;trage bas&eacute; sur le Lisp gr&acirc;ce auquel plusieurs programmes 
Lisp ou programmes Unix ordinaires pourront se partager l'&eacute;cran. Le C et 
le Lisp seront tous les deux disponibles comme langages de programmation 
syst&egrave;me. Nous aurons des logiciels r&eacute;seaux bas&eacute;s sur le 
protocole chaosnet du MIT, bien sup&eacute;rieur &agrave; UUCP. Nous pourrions 
aussi avoir quelque chose de compatible avec UUCP."
+msgid ""
+"GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to Unix.  "
+"We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our experience "
+"with other operating systems.  In particular, we plan to have longer "
+"filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, filename "
+"completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and eventually a "
+"Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp programs and ordinary "
+"Unix programs can share a screen.  Both C and Lisp will be available as "
+"system programming languages.  We will have network software based on MIT's "
+"chaosnet protocol, far superior to UUCP.  We may also have something "
+"compatible with UUCP."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU sera capable de faire tourner des programmes Unix mais ne sera pas "
+"identique &agrave; Unix. Nous y apporterons toute am&eacute;lioration "
+"pratique en nous basant sur notre exp&eacute;rience d'autres syst&egrave;mes "
+"d'exploitation. En particulier, nous avons l'intention de mettre en oeuvre "
+"des noms de fichiers plus longs, des num&eacute;ros de version sur les "
+"fichiers, un syst&egrave;me de fichiers r&eacute;sistant aux plantages, la "
+"terminaison automatique des noms de fichiers peut-&ecirc;tre, l'affichage "
+"ind&eacute;pendant du terminal et &eacute;ventuellement un syst&egrave;me de "
+"fen&ecirc;trage bas&eacute; sur le Lisp gr&acirc;ce auquel plusieurs "
+"programmes Lisp ou programmes Unix ordinaires pourront se partager l'&eacute;"
+"cran. Le C et le Lisp seront tous les deux disponibles comme langages de "
+"programmation syst&egrave;me. Nous aurons des logiciels r&eacute;seaux "
+"bas&eacute;s sur le protocole chaosnet du MIT, bien sup&eacute;rieur "
+"&agrave; UUCP. Nous pourrions aussi avoir quelque chose de compatible avec "
+"UUCP."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Who Am I?"
 msgstr "Qui suis-je&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS 
editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT.  I have worked 
extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the 
Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system.  I 
pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS.  In addition I have 
implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for Lisp 
machines."
-msgstr "Je suis Richard Stallman, inventeur de la version originale de 
l'&eacute;diteur tr&egrave;s imit&eacute; Emacs, maintenant au Labo 
d'Intelligence Artificielle du MIT. J'ai travaill&eacute; intens&eacute;ment 
sur des compilateurs, des &eacute;diteurs, des d&eacute;bogueurs, des 
interpr&eacute;teurs de commandes, sur l'Incompatible Timesharing System 
(Syst&egrave;me &agrave; Temps partag&eacute; Incompatible) ainsi que sur le 
syst&egrave;me d'exploitation de la Machine Lisp. J'ai &eacute;t&eacute; un 
pionnier lors du support de l'affichage ind&eacute;pendant du terminal dans 
l'ITS. De plus, j'ai mis en œuvre un syst&egrave;me de fichiers robuste et 
deux syst&egrave;mes de fen&ecirc;trage pour machines Lisp."
+msgid ""
+"I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS editor, "
+"now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT.  I have worked extensively on "
+"compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the Incompatible "
+"Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system.  I pioneered "
+"terminal-independent display support in ITS.  In addition I have implemented "
+"one crashproof file system and two window systems for Lisp machines."
+msgstr ""
+"Je suis Richard Stallman, inventeur de la version originale de l'&eacute;"
+"diteur tr&egrave;s imit&eacute; Emacs, maintenant au Labo d'Intelligence "
+"Artificielle du MIT. J'ai travaill&eacute; intens&eacute;ment sur des "
+"compilateurs, des &eacute;diteurs, des d&eacute;bogueurs, des interpr&eacute;"
+"teurs de commandes, sur l'Incompatible Timesharing System (Syst&egrave;me "
+"&agrave; Temps partag&eacute; Incompatible) ainsi que sur le syst&egrave;me "
+"d'exploitation de la Machine Lisp. J'ai &eacute;t&eacute; un pionnier lors "
+"du support de l'affichage ind&eacute;pendant du terminal dans l'ITS. De "
+"plus, j'ai mis en œuvre un syst&egrave;me de fichiers robuste et deux "
+"syst&egrave;mes de fen&ecirc;trage pour machines Lisp."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Why I Must Write GNU"
 msgstr "Pourquoi je dois &eacute;crire GNU"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I 
must share it with other people who like it.  I cannot in good conscience sign 
a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement."
-msgstr "Je consid&egrave;re que la r&egrave;gle d'or requiert que si j'aime un 
programme je dois le partager avec d'autres personnes qui l'aiment. Je ne peux 
pas en bonne conscience signer un accord de non-r&eacute;v&eacute;lation ni un 
accord de licence pour logiciel."
+msgid ""
+"I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must "
+"share it with other people who like it.  I cannot in good conscience sign a "
+"nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement."
+msgstr ""
+"Je consid&egrave;re que la r&egrave;gle d'or requiert que si j'aime un "
+"programme je dois le partager avec d'autres personnes qui l'aiment. Je ne "
+"peux pas en bonne conscience signer un accord de non-r&eacute;v&eacute;"
+"lation ni un accord de licence pour logiciel."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "So that I can continue to use computers without violating my 
principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software 
so that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free."
-msgstr "Afin de pouvoir continuer &agrave; utiliser les ordinateurs sans 
violer mes principes, j'ai d&eacute;cid&eacute; de rassembler une 
quantit&eacute; suffisante de logiciels libres, de mani&egrave;re &agrave; ce 
que je puisse m'en tirer sans aucun logiciel qui ne soit pas libre."
+msgid ""
+"So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles, I "
+"have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I "
+"will be able to get along without any software that is not free."
+msgstr ""
+"Afin de pouvoir continuer &agrave; utiliser les ordinateurs sans violer mes "
+"principes, j'ai d&eacute;cid&eacute; de rassembler une quantit&eacute; "
+"suffisante de logiciels libres, de mani&egrave;re &agrave; ce que je puisse "
+"m'en tirer sans aucun logiciel qui ne soit pas libre."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "How You Can Contribute"
 msgstr "Comment vous pouvez participer"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money. 
 I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work."
-msgstr "Je demande aux constructeurs d'ordinateurs des dons sous forme de 
machines et d'argent. Je demande aux individus une participation sous forme de 
programmes et de travail."
+msgid ""
+"I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.  I'm "
+"asking individuals for donations of programs and work."
+msgstr ""
+"Je demande aux constructeurs d'ordinateurs des dons sous forme de machines "
+"et d'argent. Je demande aux individus une participation sous forme de "
+"programmes et de travail."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine.  
But we could use more.  One consequence you can expect if you donate machines 
is that GNU will run on them at an early date.  The machine had better be able 
to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated cooling or 
power."
-msgstr "Un constructeur d'ordinateurs a d&eacute;j&agrave; offert de nous 
fournir une machine. Mais nous pourrions en employer d'autres. Une 
cons&eacute;quence &agrave; laquelle vous pouvez vous attendre si vous donnez 
des machines est que GNU tournera sur elles &agrave; une date proche. La 
machine devrait pouvoir fonctionner dans une zone r&eacute;sidentielle sans 
requ&eacute;rir des syst&egrave;mes de courant ou de refroidissement 
sophistiqu&eacute;s."
+msgid ""
+"One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine.  But we "
+"could use more.  One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is "
+"that GNU will run on them at an early date.  The machine had better be able "
+"to operate in a residential area, and not require sophisticated cooling or "
+"power."
+msgstr ""
+"Un constructeur d'ordinateurs a d&eacute;j&agrave; offert de nous fournir "
+"une machine. Mais nous pourrions en employer d'autres. Une cons&eacute;"
+"quence &agrave; laquelle vous pouvez vous attendre si vous donnez des "
+"machines est que GNU tournera sur elles &agrave; une date proche. La machine "
+"devrait pouvoir fonctionner dans une zone r&eacute;sidentielle sans "
+"requ&eacute;rir des syst&egrave;mes de courant ou de refroidissement "
+"sophistiqu&eacute;s."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate 
of some Unix utility and giving it to me.  For most projects, such part-time 
distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the independently-written 
parts would not work together.  But for the particular task of replacing Unix, 
this problem is absent.  Most interface specifications are fixed by Unix 
compatibility.  If each contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will 
probably work with the rest of GNU."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs individuels peuvent apporter leur contribution en 
&eacute;crivant des clones de certains utilitaires Unix et en me les donnant. 
Pour la plupart des projets, un tel travail distribu&eacute; &agrave; temps 
partiel serait tr&egrave;s difficile &agrave; coordonner; les parties 
&eacute;crites ind&eacute;pendamment ne pourraient pas fonctionner ensemble. 
Mais pour la t&acirc;che particuli&egrave;re de remplacer Unix, ce 
probl&egrave;me est absent. La plupart des sp&eacute;cifications d'interface 
sont r&eacute;solues par la compatibilit&eacute; avec Unix. Si chacune des 
contributions peut fonctionner avec le reste de Unix, elle a de fortes chances 
de fonctionner avec le reste de GNU."
+msgid ""
+"Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate of "
+"some Unix utility and giving it to me.  For most projects, such part-time "
+"distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the independently-written "
+"parts would not work together.  But for the particular task of replacing "
+"Unix, this problem is absent.  Most interface specifications are fixed by "
+"Unix compatibility.  If each contribution works with the rest of Unix, it "
+"will probably work with the rest of GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs individuels peuvent apporter leur contribution en &eacute;"
+"crivant des clones de certains utilitaires Unix et en me les donnant. Pour "
+"la plupart des projets, un tel travail distribu&eacute; &agrave; temps "
+"partiel serait tr&egrave;s difficile &agrave; coordonner; les parties "
+"&eacute;crites ind&eacute;pendamment ne pourraient pas fonctionner ensemble. "
+"Mais pour la t&acirc;che particuli&egrave;re de remplacer Unix, ce "
+"probl&egrave;me est absent. La plupart des sp&eacute;cifications d'interface "
+"sont r&eacute;solues par la compatibilit&eacute; avec Unix. Si chacune des "
+"contributions peut fonctionner avec le reste de Unix, elle a de fortes "
+"chances de fonctionner avec le reste de GNU."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or 
part time.  The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for whom 
knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money.  I view this as a 
way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to working on 
GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way."
-msgstr "Si je recevais des dons d'argent, je pourrais engager quelques 
personnes &agrave; temps complet ou &agrave; temps partiel. Le salaire ne sera 
pas &eacute;lev&eacute; mais je recherche des gens pour qui aider 
l'humanit&eacute; est aussi important que l'argent. Je vois cela comme un moyen 
de permettre aux personnes d&eacute;vou&eacute;es de mettre toute leur 
&eacute;nergie &agrave; travailler sur GNU en leur &eacute;pargnant le besoin 
de gagner leur vie d'une autre mani&egrave;re."
+msgid ""
+"If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or part "
+"time.  The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for whom knowing "
+"they are helping humanity is as important as money.  I view this as a way of "
+"enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by "
+"sparing them the need to make a living in another way."
+msgstr ""
+"Si je recevais des dons d'argent, je pourrais engager quelques personnes "
+"&agrave; temps complet ou &agrave; temps partiel. Le salaire ne sera pas "
+"&eacute;lev&eacute; mais je recherche des gens pour qui aider "
+"l'humanit&eacute; est aussi important que l'argent. Je vois cela comme un "
+"moyen de permettre aux personnes d&eacute;vou&eacute;es de mettre toute leur "
+"&eacute;nergie &agrave; travailler sur GNU en leur &eacute;pargnant le "
+"besoin de gagner leur vie d'une autre mani&egrave;re."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "For more information, contact me."
@@ -97,27 +236,49 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "Usenet:<br /> address@hidden<br /> address@hidden"
-msgstr "Usenet&nbsp;:<br />&hellip;!mit-eddie!RMS&#64;OZ<br 
/>&hellip;!mit-vax!RMS&#64;OZ"
+msgstr ""
+"Usenet&nbsp;:<br />&hellip;!mit-eddie!RMS&#64;OZ<br />&hellip;!mit-vax!"
+"RMS&#64;OZ"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "US Snail:<br /> Richard Stallman<br /> 166 Prospect St<br /> Cambridge, 
MA 02139"
-msgstr "Adresse postale (&Eacute;tats-Unis)&nbsp;:<br />Richard Stallman<br 
/>166 Prospect St<br />Cambridge, MA 02139"
+msgid ""
+"US Snail:<br /> Richard Stallman<br /> 166 Prospect St<br /> Cambridge, MA "
+"02139"
+msgstr ""
+"Adresse postale (&Eacute;tats-Unis)&nbsp;:<br />Richard Stallman<br />166 "
+"Prospect St<br />Cambridge, MA 02139"
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Poor choice of wording around &ldquo;free&rdquo;"
 msgstr "Pi&egrave;tre formulation pour &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The wording here was careless.  The intention was that nobody would 
have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system.  But the words don't 
make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU 
should always be distributed at little or no charge.  That was never the 
intent."
-msgstr "La formulation ici a &eacute;t&eacute; faite sans soin. L'intention 
&eacute;tait que personne n'aurait &agrave; payer pour la <b>permission</b> 
d'utiliser le syst&egrave;me GNU. Mais les mots ne rendent pas cela clairement, 
et les gens les interpr&egrave;tent souvent comme indiquant que les copies de 
GNU devraient toujours &ecirc;tre distribu&eacute;es &agrave; bas co&ucirc;t ou 
gratuitement. Cela n'a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; l'intention."
+msgid ""
+"The wording here was careless.  The intention was that nobody would have to "
+"pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system.  But the words don't make "
+"this clear, and people often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU "
+"should always be distributed at little or no charge.  That was never the "
+"intent."
+msgstr ""
+"La formulation ici a &eacute;t&eacute; faite sans soin. L'intention &eacute;"
+"tait que personne n'aurait &agrave; payer pour la <b>permission</b> "
+"d'utiliser le syst&egrave;me GNU. Mais les mots ne rendent pas cela "
+"clairement, et les gens les interpr&egrave;tent souvent comme indiquant que "
+"les copies de GNU devraient toujours &ecirc;tre distribu&eacute;es &agrave; "
+"bas co&ucirc;t ou gratuitement. Cela n'a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"l'intention."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Original message"
 msgstr "Message original"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For completeness, the original email is reproduced here, in its 
original form."
-msgstr "Pour &ecirc;tre complet, le courriel original est reproduit ici, dans 
sa forme originale."
+msgid ""
+"For completeness, the original email is reproduced here, in its original "
+"form."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour &ecirc;tre complet, le courriel original est reproduit ici, dans sa "
+"forme originale."
 
 # type: Content of: <pre>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.
@@ -329,25 +490,49 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à 
&lt;address@hidden&gt;."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à &lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 msgid "Copyright &copy; 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc.,"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted 
in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Wolfgang Sourdeau.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Wolfgang Sourdeau.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -357,4 +542,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traduction de cette page"
-

Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.fr.po  28 Oct 2009 16:36:55 -0000      1.14
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.fr.po  30 Oct 2009 08:25:47 -0000      1.15
@@ -20,12 +20,22 @@
 msgstr "Linux et le projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
-msgid "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free 
Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
-msgstr "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free 
Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
+"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
+"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
 
 # type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
-msgid "Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so 
that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they 
use."
-msgstr "Depuis 1983, développement du système d'exploitation GNU de type 
Unix pour que les utilisateurs d'ordinateurs puissent avoir la liberté de 
partager et d'améliorer les logiciels qu'ils utilisent."
+msgid ""
+"Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that "
+"computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+"Depuis 1983, développement du système d'exploitation GNU de type Unix pour "
+"que les utilisateurs d'ordinateurs puissent avoir la liberté de partager et "
+"d'améliorer les logiciels qu'ils utilisent."
 
 # type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
 msgid "What's New"
@@ -40,112 +50,492 @@
 msgstr "Linux et le Projet GNU"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "<strong>by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard 
Stallman</a></strong>"
-msgstr "<strong>par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard 
Stallman</a></strong>"
+msgid ""
+"<strong>by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong>par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></"
+"strong>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
-msgid "For more information see also the <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, and <a 
href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">Why GNU/Linux?</a>"
-msgstr "Pour plus de d&eacute;tails, consultez aussi la <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.fr.html\">FAQ GNU/Linux</a> et <a 
href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html\">Pourquoi GNU/Linux&nbsp;?</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Many computer users run a modified version of <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem\">the GNU system</a> every day, 
without realizing it.  Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU 
which is widely used today is often called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;, and many of its 
users are <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\"> not aware</a> 
that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU Project</a>."
-msgstr "Beaucoup d'utilisateurs d'ordinateurs utilisent une version 
modifi&eacute;e du <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#TheGNUsystem\">Syst&egrave;me GNU</a> 
tous les jours sans m&ecirc;me le r&eacute;aliser. Apr&egrave;s une tournure 
particuli&egrave;re des &eacute;v&eacute;nements, la version de GNU qui est 
largement utilis&eacute;e est souvent appel&eacute;e 
&laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; et beaucoup de ses utilisateurs ne <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.fr.html\">savent pas</a> qu'il s'agit 
basiquement du syst&egrave;me GNU, d&eacute;velop&eacute; par le <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.fr.html\">Projet GNU</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just 
a part of the system they use.  Linux is the kernel: the program in the system 
that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run.  The 
kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it 
can only function in the context of a complete operating system.  Linux is 
normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is 
basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux.  All the so-called 
&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux."
-msgstr "Il existe vraiment un Linux, et ces personnes l'utilisent, mais c'est 
juste une partie du syst&egrave;me qu'ils utilisent. Linux est le noyau&nbsp;: 
le programme du syst&egrave;me qui alloue les ressources de la machine aux 
autres programmes que vous ex&eacute;cutez. Le noyau est une partie essentielle 
du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation, mais il est inutile seul&nbsp;; il ne peut 
fonctionner que dans le contexte d'un syst&egrave;me d'exploitation complet. 
Linux est normalement utilis&eacute; en combinaison avec le syst&egrave;me 
d'exploitation GNU&nbsp;: le syst&egrave;me complet est basiquement GNU avec 
Linux ajout&eacute;, ou GNU/Linux. toutes les distributions appel&eacute;es 
&laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; sont en r&eacute;alit&eacute; des distributions 
GNU/Linux."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which 
is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;.  The 
ambiguous use of the name doesn't help people understand.  These users often 
think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a 
bit of help."
-msgstr "Beaucoup d'utilisateurs ne sont pas au courant de la distinction entre 
le noyau, Linux, et le syst&egrave;me en entier qu'ils appellent aussi 
&laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo;. L'usage ambig&uuml; du nom ne facilite pas la 
compr&eacute;hension. Ces utilisateurs pensent que Linus Torvalds a 
d&eacute;velop&eacute; tout le syst&egrave;me d'exploitation en 1991, avec un 
peu d'aide."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel.  But since they have 
generally heard the whole system called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; as well, they often 
envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system after the kernel. 
 For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished writing Linux, the 
kernel, its users looked around for other free software to go with it, and 
found that (for no particular reason)  most everything necessary to make a 
Unix-like system was already available."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs savent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral que Linux est un 
noyau. Mais puisqu'ils ont entendu le syst&egrave;me entier &ecirc;tre 
appel&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; aussi, souvent ils 
con&ccedil;oivent une histoire tournant autour de ce nom. Par exemple, 
plusieurs d'entre eux croient que d&egrave;s que Linus Torvalds a achev&eacute; 
l'&eacute;criture du noyau, ses amis ont recherch&eacute; d'autres logiciels 
libres et que, pour aucune raison en particulier, la plupart de ce qui 
&eacute;tait n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; un syst&egrave;me semblable &agrave; 
Unix &eacute;tait d&eacute;ja disponible."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "What they found was no accident&mdash;it was the not-quite-complete GNU 
system.  The available <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a> 
added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working since 
1984 to make one.  In the <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\"> The GNU 
Manifesto</a> we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system, 
called GNU.  The <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\"> Initial 
Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original plans 
for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU was almost finished."
-msgstr "Ce qu'ils ont trouv&eacute; n'&eacute;tait pas un accident&nbsp;: 
c'&eacute;tait le syst&egrave;me GNU. Les <a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciels libres</a> disponibles 
compl&eacute;t&egrave;rent le syst&egrave;me parce que le Projet GNU 
travaillait &agrave; en concevoir un depuis 1984. <a 
href=\"/gnu/manifesto.fr.html\">Le manifeste GNU</a> a mis en avant le dessein 
de d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me semblable &agrave; Unix et appel&eacute; 
GNU. <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.fr.html\">L'Annonce Initiale</a> du 
Projet GNU souligne aussi quelques-uns des plans originaux pour le 
syst&egrave;me GNU. Au moment o&ugrave; Linux &eacute;tait lanc&eacute;, le 
syst&egrave;me &eacute;tait presque fini."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular 
program for a particular job.  For example, Linus Torvalds set out to write a 
Unix-like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text formatter (TeX); 
Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the X Window System). It's 
natural to measure the contribution of this kind of project by specific 
programs that came from the project."
-msgstr "La plupart des projets de logiciel libre ont pour but de 
d&eacute;velopper un programme particulier pour accomplir une t&acirc;che 
particuli&egrave;re. Par exemple, Linus Torvalds s'est attel&eacute; &agrave; 
&eacute;crire un noyau semblable &agrave; Unix (Linux); Donald Knuth s'est 
attel&eacute; &agrave; &eacute;crire un programme de formatage de texte (TeX); 
Bob Scheifler s'est attel&eacute; &agrave; d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me 
de fen&ecirc;trage (X Window System). Il est naturel de mesurer la contribution 
de ce type de projet par les programmes sp&eacute;cifiques qui proviennent 
dudit projet."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what 
would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their &ldquo;Linux 
distribution&rdquo;, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU 
software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total source 
code, and this included some of the essential major components without which 
there could be no system.  Linux itself was about 3%.  (The proportions in 2008 
are similar: in the &ldquo;main&rdquo; repository of gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% 
and GNU packages are 15%.)  So if you were going to pick a name for the system 
based on who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single 
choice would be &ldquo;GNU&rdquo;."
-msgstr "Si nous essayions de mesurer la contribution du Projet GNU de cette 
mani&egrave;re, &agrave; quelle conclusion arriverions-nous&nbsp;? Un 
producteur de CD-ROM a constat&eacute; dans sa &laquo;&nbsp;Distribution de 
Linux&nbsp;&raquo; que les <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#GNUsoftware\">Logiciels GNU</a> y 
repr&eacute;sentaient la plus grande entit&eacute;, 28% du code source total, 
et que cela incluait quelques-uns des composants majeurs essentiels sans 
lesquels il n'y aurait pas de syst&egrave;me. Linux lui-m&ecirc;me n'y prenait 
une part que de 3%. (Les proportions en 2008 sont similaires&nbsp;: dans le 
r&eacute;pertoire &laquo;&nbsp;principal&nbsp;&raquo; de gNewSense, Linux a une 
part de 1,5% et les paquetages GNU de 15%). Alors s'il fallait trouver un nom 
pour le syst&egrave;meen se basant sur qui avait &eacute;crit les programmes 
qui le composent, le seul choix le plus appropri&eacute; serait 
&laquo;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "But that is not the deepest way to consider the question.  The GNU 
Project was not, is not, a project to develop specific software packages.  It 
was not a project <a href=\"/software/gcc/\"> to develop a C compiler</a>, 
although we did that.  It was not a project to develop a text editor, although 
we developed one.  The GNU Project set out to develop <em>a complete free 
Unix-like system</em>: GNU."
-msgstr "Mais nous ne pensons pas que c'est la meilleure mani&egrave;re de 
consid&eacute;rer la question. Le Projet GNU n'&eacute;tait pas, et n'est pas, 
un projet pour d&eacute;velopper des paquetages logiciels sp&eacute;cifiques. 
Ce n'&eacute;tait pas un projet pour d&eacute;velopper un <a 
href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">compilateur C</a>, bien que nous l'ayions fait. 
Ce n'&eacute;tait pas non plus un projet pour d&eacute;velopper un 
&eacute;diteur de texte, bien que nous en ayions d&eacute;velopp&eacute; un. 
L'objectif final du Projet GNU est de d&eacute;velopper <em>un syst&egrave;me 
semblable &agrave; Unix, complet et libre</em>&nbsp;: GNU."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the 
system, and they all deserve credit for their software.  But the reason it is 
<em>an integrated system</em>&mdash;and not just a collection of useful 
programs&mdash;is because the GNU Project set out to make it one.  We made a 
list of the programs needed to make a <em>complete</em> free system, and we 
systematically found, wrote, or found people to write everything on the list.  
We wrote essential but unexciting <a href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a> components 
because you can't have a system without them.  Some of our system components, 
the programming tools, became popular on their own among programmers, but we 
wrote many components that are not tools <a href=\"#nottools\">(2)</a>.  We 
even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs games 
too."
-msgstr "Plusieurs personnes ont apport&eacute; des contributions majeures aux 
logiciels libres qu'on trouve dans le syst&egrave;me et elles m&eacute;ritent 
toutes de la reconnaissance. Mais la raison pour laquelle c'est <em>un 
syst&egrave;me</em> -- et pas seulement une collection de programmes utiles -- 
est que le Projet GNU s'est donn&eacute; pour objectif d'en concevoir un. Nous 
avons dress&eacute; une liste des programmes requis &agrave; la conception d'un 
syst&egrave;me libre <em>complet</em> et nous avons syst&eacute;matiquement 
&eacute;crit ou trouv&eacute; des gens pour &eacute;crire toutes les choses 
mentionn&eacute;es sur la liste. Nous avons &eacute;crit des composants majeurs 
et essentiels mais non-passionnants <a href=\"#unexciting\"><sup>1</sup></a> 
parce qu'on ne peut pas avoir de syst&egrave;me sans eux. Certains de nos 
composants syst&egrave;me, les outils de programmation, sont devenus populaires 
parmi les programmeurs, mais nous avons aussi &eacute;crit beaucoup de 
composants qui ne sont pas des outils <a href=\"#nottools\"><sup>2</sup></a>. 
Nous avons m&ecirc;me d&eacute;velopp&eacute; un jeu d'&eacute;chec, GNU Chess, 
car un syst&egrave;me complet a besoin de jeux aussi."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the 
kernel.  We had also started a kernel, the <a 
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of Mach.  
Developing this kernel has been a lot harder than we expected; <a 
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html\">the GNU Hurd 
started working reliably in 2001</a>, but it is a long way from being ready for 
people to use in general."
-msgstr "Au début des années 90 nous avions rassemblé le système complet en 
dehors du noyau. Nous avons commencé aussi un noyau&nbsp;: le <a 
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</a>, qui tourne en superposition à 
Mach. Le développement de ce noyau fut bien plus difficile que nous nous y 
attendions&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html\">le GNU Hurd a 
commencé à fonctionner de manière fiable en 2001</a>, mais est encore loin 
d'être prêt à l'usage public."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.  
Once Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system.  
People could then <a 
href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>
 combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system: a 
Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/Linux system, for short."
-msgstr "Heureusement, vous n'&ecirc;tes pas oblig&eacute; d'attendre Hurd, 
gr&acirc;ce &agrave; Linux. Quand Linus Torvalds a &eacute;crit Linux, il a 
bouch&eacute; le dernier trou dans le syst&egrave;me GNU. Les gens purent alors 
<a 
href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>adjoindre
 Linux au syst&egrave;me GNU</a> pour obtenir un syst&egrave;me libre 
complet&nbsp;: un syst&egrave;me GNU bas&eacute; sur Linux&nbsp;; le 
syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux, en plus court."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Making them work well together was not a trivial job.  Some GNU 
components<a href=\"#somecomponents\">(3)</a> needed substantial change to work 
with Linux.  Integrating a complete system as a distribution that would work 
&ldquo;out of the box&rdquo; was a big job, too.  It required addressing the 
issue of how to install and boot the system&mdash;a problem we had not tackled, 
because we hadn't yet reached that point.  Thus, the people who developed the 
various system distributions did a lot of essential work.  But it was work 
that, in the nature of things, was surely going to be done by someone."
-msgstr "Les faire fonctionner ensemble n'&eacute;tait pas un travail trivial. 
Certains composants GNU <a href=\"#somecomponents\"><sup>3</sup></a> 
requ&eacute;raient des changements substantiels pour fonctionner avec Linux. 
L'int&eacute;gration d'un syst&egrave;me complet en une distribution qui 
pourrait fonctionner &laquo;&nbsp;au d&eacute;ballage&nbsp;&raquo; fut un 
travail tout aussi gros. Il fallait r&eacute;soudre la question de 
l'installation et du d&eacute;marrage du syst&egrave;me -- un probl&egrave;me 
auquel nous ne nous &eacute;tions pas attaqu&eacute; car nous n'en 
&eacute;tions pas encore l&agrave;. Les personnes qui ont 
d&eacute;velopp&eacute; les diverses distributions du syst&egrave;me ont donc 
&eacute;ffectu&eacute; un travail &eacute;ssentiel. Mais c'&eacute;tait du 
travail qui, de toute fa&ccedil;on, allait certainement &ecirc;tre 
r&eacute;alis&eacute; par quelqu'un."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU 
system.  The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> funded the rewriting of the 
Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they are well 
integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current library release 
with no changes.  The FSF also funded an early stage of the development of 
Debian GNU/Linux."
-msgstr "Le Projet GNU soutient les syst&egrave;mes GNU/Linux ainsi que 
<em>le</em> syst&egrave;me GNU, et les fonds de la FSF sont impliqu&eacute;s. 
La <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> a financ&eacute; la 
r&eacute;&eacute;criture des extensions propres &agrave; Linux de la 
biblioth&egrave;que C de GNU afin qu'ils soient maintenant bien 
int&eacute;gr&eacute;s et les syst&egrave;mes GNU/Linux les plus r&eacute;cents 
emploient la biblioth&egrave;que actuelle sans aucune modification. La FSF a 
aussi financ&eacute; le d&eacute;veloppement de <a 
href=\"http://www.debian.org/\";>Debian GNU/Linux</a> &agrave; un de ses stades 
initiaux."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often 
called &ldquo;distros&rdquo;).  Most of them include non-free 
software&mdash;their developers follow the philosophy associated with Linux 
rather than that of GNU.  But there are also <a href=\"/distros/\">completely 
free GNU/Linux distros</a>.  The FSF supports computer facilities for two of 
these distributions, <a href=\"http://ututo.org\";>Ututo</a> and <a 
href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>gNewSense</a>."
-msgstr "Aujourd'hui il &eacute;xiste de nombreuses variantes du syst&egrave;me 
GNU/Linux souvent appel&eacute;s &laquo;&nbsp;distributions&nbsp;&raquo;. La 
plupart d'entre elles incluent des logiciels non-libres&nbsp;: leur 
d&eacute;veloppeurs suivent la philosophie associ&eacute;e &agrave; Linux 
plut&ocirc;t que celle de GNU. Mais il y a aussi des <a 
href=\"/distros/\">distributions de GNU/Linux compl&egrave;tement libres</a>. 
La FSF pourvoit le mat&eacute;riel informatique pour deux de ces distributions, 
<a href=\"http://ututo.org\";>Ututo</a> et <a 
href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>gNewSense</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of 
eliminating various non-free programs.  Nowadays, the usual version of Linux 
contains non-free programs too.  These programs are intended to be loaded into 
I/O devices when the system starts, and they are included, as long series of 
numbers, in the \"source code\" of Linux.  Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux 
distributions now entails maintaining a <a 
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";> free version of Linux</a> too."
-msgstr "Faire une distribution libre de GNU/Linux n'est pas uniquement une 
question d'&eacute;limination des programmes divers non-libres. Aujourd'hui, 
les versions usuelles de Linux contiennent &eacute;galement des programmes 
non-libres. Ces programmes sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; &ecirc;tre 
charg&eacute;s dans des appareils d'entr&eacute;e/sortie quand le 
syst&egrave;me d&eacute;marre, et ils sont inclus, sous forme de longues 
s&eacute;ries de nombres, dans le &laquo;&nbsp;code source&nbsp;&raquo; de 
Linux. De ce fait, maintenir une distribution libre de GNU/Linux inclut 
maintenant &eacute;galement la maintenance d'une <a 
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";>version libre de Linux</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public by 
using the name &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; ambiguously.  Linux is the kernel, one of 
the essential major components of the system.  The system as a whole is 
basically the GNU system, with Linux added.  When you're talking about this 
combination, please call it &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;."
-msgstr "Que vous utilisiez GNU/Linux ou pas, veuillez ne pas semez la 
confusion en utilisant le nom &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; de mani&egrave;re 
ambigu&euml;. Linux est le noyau, un des composants majeurs essentiels du 
syst&egrave;me. Le syst&egrave;me dans son ensemble est plus ou moins le 
syst&egrave;me GNU additionn&eacute; de Linux. Quand vous parlez de cette 
combinaison, veuillez l'appeler &laquo;&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If you want to make a link on &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo; for further 
reference, this page and <a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.html\"> 
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices.  If you 
mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, <a 
href=\"http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\";> 
http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> is a good URL to use."
-msgstr "Si vous voulez indiquer une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence vers 
&laquo;&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;&raquo;, cette page et <a 
href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.fr.html\">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.fr.html</a>
 sont de bons choix. Si vous voulez indiquer une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence 
&agrave; Linux, le noyau, <a 
href=\"http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\";> 
http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> est une bonne URL 
&agrave; utiliser."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced 
a free Unix-like operating system.  This system is known as BSD, and it was 
developed at UC Berkeley.  It was non-free in the 80s, but became free in the 
early 90s.  A free operating system that exists today<a 
href=\"#newersystems\">(4)</a> is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU 
system, or a kind of BSD system."
-msgstr "Addendum&nbsp;: &Agrave; c&ocirc;t&eacute; de GNU, un autre projet a 
produit de mani&egrave;re ind&eacute;pendante un syst&egrave;me d'exploitation 
libre semblable &agrave; Unix. Ce syst&egrave;me est connu sous le nom de BSD 
et a &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute; &agrave; l'University College de 
Berkeley. Il n'&eacute;tait pas libre dans les ann&eacute;es 80, mais le devint 
au d&eacute;but des ann&eacute;es 90.  Tout syst&egrave;me d'exploitation libre 
existant aujourd'hui <a href=\"#newersystems\"><sup>4</sup></a> est fort 
probablement soit une variante de GNU, soit un type de syst&egrave;me BSD."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like 
GNU/Linux.  The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software 
by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists 
helped persuade them, but the code had little overlap with GNU.  BSD systems 
today use some GNU programs, just as the GNU system and its variants use some 
BSD programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that 
evolved separately.  The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to 
the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a 
href=\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
-msgstr "Quelquefois les gens demandent si BSD est aussi une version de GNU, 
comme GNU/Linux. Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de BSD ont &eacute;t&eacute; 
inspir&eacute;s &agrave; rendre leur travail libre par l'exemple du Projet GNU 
et ils ont &eacute;t&eacute; encourag&eacute;s &agrave; l'occasion par des 
activistes de GNU mais leur travail &eacute;tait de moindre relation avec GNU. 
Les syst&egrave;mes BSD emploient quelques logiciels GNU aujourd'hui, de 
m&ecirc;me que le syst&egrave;me GNU et ses variantes font usage de quelques 
logiciels BSD; mais pris &agrave; part, ce sont deux syst&egrave;mes 
diff&eacute;rents qui ont &eacute;volu&eacute; s&eacute;par&eacute;ment. Les 
d&eacute;veloppeurs de BSD n'ont pas &eacute;crit un noyau qu'ils auraient 
ajout&eacute; au syst&egrave;me GNU, et un nom tel que GNU/BSD ne 
refl&eacute;rait pas la situation <a href=\"#gnubsd\"><sup>5</sup></a>."
+msgid ""
+"For more information see also the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/"
+"Linux FAQ</a>, and <a href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">Why GNU/Linux?</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Pour plus de d&eacute;tails, consultez aussi la <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq."
+"fr.html\">FAQ GNU/Linux</a> et <a href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html"
+"\">Pourquoi GNU/Linux&nbsp;?</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many computer users run a modified version of <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#TheGNUsystem\">the GNU system</a> every day, without "
+"realizing it.  Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which "
+"is widely used today is often called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;, and many of its "
+"users are <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\"> not aware</a> "
+"that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
+"history.html\">GNU Project</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Beaucoup d'utilisateurs d'ordinateurs utilisent une version modifi&eacute;e "
+"du <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#TheGNUsystem\">Syst&egrave;me "
+"GNU</a> tous les jours sans m&ecirc;me le r&eacute;aliser. Apr&egrave;s une "
+"tournure particuli&egrave;re des &eacute;v&eacute;nements, la version de GNU "
+"qui est largement utilis&eacute;e est souvent appel&eacute;e &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"Linux&nbsp;&raquo; et beaucoup de ses utilisateurs ne <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
+"users-never-heard-of-gnu.fr.html\">savent pas</a> qu'il s'agit basiquement "
+"du syst&egrave;me GNU, d&eacute;velop&eacute; par le <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
+"history.fr.html\">Projet GNU</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a "
+"part of the system they use.  Linux is the kernel: the program in the system "
+"that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run.  "
+"The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by "
+"itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system.  "
+"Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the "
+"whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux.  All the so-"
+"called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; distributions are really distributions of GNU/"
+"Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"Il existe vraiment un Linux, et ces personnes l'utilisent, mais c'est juste "
+"une partie du syst&egrave;me qu'ils utilisent. Linux est le noyau&nbsp;: le "
+"programme du syst&egrave;me qui alloue les ressources de la machine aux "
+"autres programmes que vous ex&eacute;cutez. Le noyau est une partie "
+"essentielle du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation, mais il est inutile "
+"seul&nbsp;; il ne peut fonctionner que dans le contexte d'un syst&egrave;me "
+"d'exploitation complet. Linux est normalement utilis&eacute; en combinaison "
+"avec le syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU&nbsp;: le syst&egrave;me complet "
+"est basiquement GNU avec Linux ajout&eacute;, ou GNU/Linux. toutes les "
+"distributions appel&eacute;es &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; sont en "
+"r&eacute;alit&eacute; des distributions GNU/Linux."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which is "
+"Linux, and the whole system, which they also call &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;.  The "
+"ambiguous use of the name doesn't help people understand.  These users often "
+"think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with "
+"a bit of help."
+msgstr ""
+"Beaucoup d'utilisateurs ne sont pas au courant de la distinction entre le "
+"noyau, Linux, et le syst&egrave;me en entier qu'ils appellent aussi &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo;. L'usage ambig&uuml; du nom ne facilite pas la "
+"compr&eacute;hension. Ces utilisateurs pensent que Linus Torvalds a d&eacute;"
+"velop&eacute; tout le syst&egrave;me d'exploitation en 1991, avec un peu "
+"d'aide."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel.  But since they have "
+"generally heard the whole system called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; as well, they "
+"often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system after "
+"the kernel.  For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished "
+"writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other free software "
+"to go with it, and found that (for no particular reason)  most everything "
+"necessary to make a Unix-like system was already available."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs savent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral que Linux est un noyau. "
+"Mais puisqu'ils ont entendu le syst&egrave;me entier &ecirc;tre "
+"appel&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; aussi, souvent ils con&ccedil;"
+"oivent une histoire tournant autour de ce nom. Par exemple, plusieurs "
+"d'entre eux croient que d&egrave;s que Linus Torvalds a achev&eacute; "
+"l'&eacute;criture du noyau, ses amis ont recherch&eacute; d'autres logiciels "
+"libres et que, pour aucune raison en particulier, la plupart de ce qui "
+"&eacute;tait n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; un syst&egrave;me semblable &agrave; "
+"Unix &eacute;tait d&eacute;ja disponible."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What they found was no accident&mdash;it was the not-quite-complete GNU "
+"system.  The available <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</"
+"a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working "
+"since 1984 to make one.  In the <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\"> The GNU "
+"Manifesto</a> we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system, "
+"called GNU.  The <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\"> Initial "
+"Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original plans "
+"for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU was almost finished."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce qu'ils ont trouv&eacute; n'&eacute;tait pas un accident&nbsp;: c'&eacute;"
+"tait le syst&egrave;me GNU. Les <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html"
+"\">logiciels libres</a> disponibles compl&eacute;t&egrave;rent le "
+"syst&egrave;me parce que le Projet GNU travaillait &agrave; en concevoir un "
+"depuis 1984. <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.fr.html\">Le manifeste GNU</a> a mis "
+"en avant le dessein de d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me semblable "
+"&agrave; Unix et appel&eacute; GNU. <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.fr."
+"html\">L'Annonce Initiale</a> du Projet GNU souligne aussi quelques-uns des "
+"plans originaux pour le syst&egrave;me GNU. Au moment o&ugrave; Linux "
+"&eacute;tait lanc&eacute;, le syst&egrave;me &eacute;tait presque fini."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular program "
+"for a particular job.  For example, Linus Torvalds set out to write a Unix-"
+"like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text formatter (TeX); "
+"Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the X Window System). It's "
+"natural to measure the contribution of this kind of project by specific "
+"programs that came from the project."
+msgstr ""
+"La plupart des projets de logiciel libre ont pour but de d&eacute;velopper "
+"un programme particulier pour accomplir une t&acirc;che particuli&egrave;re. "
+"Par exemple, Linus Torvalds s'est attel&eacute; &agrave; &eacute;crire un "
+"noyau semblable &agrave; Unix (Linux); Donald Knuth s'est attel&eacute; "
+"&agrave; &eacute;crire un programme de formatage de texte (TeX); Bob "
+"Scheifler s'est attel&eacute; &agrave; d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me "
+"de fen&ecirc;trage (X Window System). Il est naturel de mesurer la "
+"contribution de ce type de projet par les programmes sp&eacute;cifiques qui "
+"proviennent dudit projet."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what "
+"would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their &ldquo;Linux "
+"distribution&rdquo;, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
+"software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total "
+"source code, and this included some of the essential major components "
+"without which there could be no system.  Linux itself was about 3%.  (The "
+"proportions in 2008 are similar: in the &ldquo;main&rdquo; repository of "
+"gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% and GNU packages are 15%.)  So if you were going to "
+"pick a name for the system based on who wrote the programs in the system, "
+"the most appropriate single choice would be &ldquo;GNU&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"Si nous essayions de mesurer la contribution du Projet GNU de cette "
+"mani&egrave;re, &agrave; quelle conclusion arriverions-nous&nbsp;? Un "
+"producteur de CD-ROM a constat&eacute; dans sa &laquo;&nbsp;Distribution de "
+"Linux&nbsp;&raquo; que les <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr."
+"html#GNUsoftware\">Logiciels GNU</a> y repr&eacute;sentaient la plus grande "
+"entit&eacute;, 28% du code source total, et que cela incluait quelques-uns "
+"des composants majeurs essentiels sans lesquels il n'y aurait pas de "
+"syst&egrave;me. Linux lui-m&ecirc;me n'y prenait une part que de 3%. (Les "
+"proportions en 2008 sont similaires&nbsp;: dans le r&eacute;pertoire &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;principal&nbsp;&raquo; de gNewSense, Linux a une part de 1,5% et les "
+"paquetages GNU de 15%). Alors s'il fallait trouver un nom pour le "
+"syst&egrave;meen se basant sur qui avait &eacute;crit les programmes qui le "
+"composent, le seul choix le plus appropri&eacute; serait &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"GNU&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But that is not the deepest way to consider the question.  The GNU Project "
+"was not, is not, a project to develop specific software packages.  It was "
+"not a project <a href=\"/software/gcc/\"> to develop a C compiler</a>, "
+"although we did that.  It was not a project to develop a text editor, "
+"although we developed one.  The GNU Project set out to develop <em>a "
+"complete free Unix-like system</em>: GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais nous ne pensons pas que c'est la meilleure mani&egrave;re de "
+"consid&eacute;rer la question. Le Projet GNU n'&eacute;tait pas, et n'est "
+"pas, un projet pour d&eacute;velopper des paquetages logiciels sp&eacute;"
+"cifiques. Ce n'&eacute;tait pas un projet pour d&eacute;velopper un <a href="
+"\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">compilateur C</a>, bien que nous l'ayions fait. "
+"Ce n'&eacute;tait pas non plus un projet pour d&eacute;velopper un &eacute;"
+"diteur de texte, bien que nous en ayions d&eacute;velopp&eacute; un. "
+"L'objectif final du Projet GNU est de d&eacute;velopper <em>un syst&egrave;"
+"me semblable &agrave; Unix, complet et libre</em>&nbsp;: GNU."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the "
+"system, and they all deserve credit for their software.  But the reason it "
+"is <em>an integrated system</em>&mdash;and not just a collection of useful "
+"programs&mdash;is because the GNU Project set out to make it one.  We made a "
+"list of the programs needed to make a <em>complete</em> free system, and we "
+"systematically found, wrote, or found people to write everything on the "
+"list.  We wrote essential but unexciting <a href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a> "
+"components because you can't have a system without them.  Some of our system "
+"components, the programming tools, became popular on their own among "
+"programmers, but we wrote many components that are not tools <a href="
+"\"#nottools\">(2)</a>.  We even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a "
+"complete system needs games too."
+msgstr ""
+"Plusieurs personnes ont apport&eacute; des contributions majeures aux "
+"logiciels libres qu'on trouve dans le syst&egrave;me et elles m&eacute;"
+"ritent toutes de la reconnaissance. Mais la raison pour laquelle c'est "
+"<em>un syst&egrave;me</em> -- et pas seulement une collection de programmes "
+"utiles -- est que le Projet GNU s'est donn&eacute; pour objectif d'en "
+"concevoir un. Nous avons dress&eacute; une liste des programmes requis "
+"&agrave; la conception d'un syst&egrave;me libre <em>complet</em> et nous "
+"avons syst&eacute;matiquement &eacute;crit ou trouv&eacute; des gens pour "
+"&eacute;crire toutes les choses mentionn&eacute;es sur la liste. Nous avons "
+"&eacute;crit des composants majeurs et essentiels mais non-passionnants <a "
+"href=\"#unexciting\"><sup>1</sup></a> parce qu'on ne peut pas avoir de "
+"syst&egrave;me sans eux. Certains de nos composants syst&egrave;me, les "
+"outils de programmation, sont devenus populaires parmi les programmeurs, "
+"mais nous avons aussi &eacute;crit beaucoup de composants qui ne sont pas "
+"des outils <a href=\"#nottools\"><sup>2</sup></a>. Nous avons m&ecirc;me "
+"d&eacute;velopp&eacute; un jeu d'&eacute;chec, GNU Chess, car un syst&egrave;"
+"me complet a besoin de jeux aussi."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the "
+"kernel.  We had also started a kernel, the <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html"
+"\">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of Mach.  Developing this kernel has been "
+"a lot harder than we expected; <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/"
+"hurd-and-linux.html\">the GNU Hurd started working reliably in 2001</a>, but "
+"it is a long way from being ready for people to use in general."
+msgstr ""
+"Au début des années 90 nous avions rassemblé le système complet en dehors 
du "
+"noyau. Nous avons commencé aussi un noyau&nbsp;: le <a 
href=\"/software/hurd/"
+"hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</a>, qui tourne en superposition à Mach. Le "
+"développement de ce noyau fut bien plus difficile que nous nous y "
+"attendions&nbsp;: <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux."
+"html\">le GNU Hurd a commencé à fonctionner de manière fiable en 2001</a>, 
"
+"mais est encore loin d'être prêt à l'usage public."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.  Once "
+"Torvalds wrote Linux, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU system.  "
+"People could then <a href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/";
+"old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\"> combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make "
+"a complete free system: a Linux-based version of the GNU system; the GNU/"
+"Linux system, for short."
+msgstr ""
+"Heureusement, vous n'&ecirc;tes pas oblig&eacute; d'attendre Hurd, gr&acirc;"
+"ce &agrave; Linux. Quand Linus Torvalds a &eacute;crit Linux, il a "
+"bouch&eacute; le dernier trou dans le syst&egrave;me GNU. Les gens purent "
+"alors <a href=\"http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/";
+"RELNOTES-0.01\">adjoindre Linux au syst&egrave;me GNU</a> pour obtenir un "
+"syst&egrave;me libre complet&nbsp;: un syst&egrave;me GNU bas&eacute; sur "
+"Linux&nbsp;; le syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux, en plus court."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Making them work well together was not a trivial job.  Some GNU components<a "
+"href=\"#somecomponents\">(3)</a> needed substantial change to work with "
+"Linux.  Integrating a complete system as a distribution that would work "
+"&ldquo;out of the box&rdquo; was a big job, too.  It required addressing the "
+"issue of how to install and boot the system&mdash;a problem we had not "
+"tackled, because we hadn't yet reached that point.  Thus, the people who "
+"developed the various system distributions did a lot of essential work.  But "
+"it was work that, in the nature of things, was surely going to be done by "
+"someone."
+msgstr ""
+"Les faire fonctionner ensemble n'&eacute;tait pas un travail trivial. "
+"Certains composants GNU <a href=\"#somecomponents\"><sup>3</sup></a> "
+"requ&eacute;raient des changements substantiels pour fonctionner avec Linux. "
+"L'int&eacute;gration d'un syst&egrave;me complet en une distribution qui "
+"pourrait fonctionner &laquo;&nbsp;au d&eacute;ballage&nbsp;&raquo; fut un "
+"travail tout aussi gros. Il fallait r&eacute;soudre la question de "
+"l'installation et du d&eacute;marrage du syst&egrave;me -- un probl&egrave;"
+"me auquel nous ne nous &eacute;tions pas attaqu&eacute; car nous n'en "
+"&eacute;tions pas encore l&agrave;. Les personnes qui ont d&eacute;"
+"velopp&eacute; les diverses distributions du syst&egrave;me ont donc &eacute;"
+"ffectu&eacute; un travail &eacute;ssentiel. Mais c'&eacute;tait du travail "
+"qui, de toute fa&ccedil;on, allait certainement &ecirc;tre r&eacute;"
+"alis&eacute; par quelqu'un."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU "
+"system.  The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> funded the rewriting of the "
+"Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they are well "
+"integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current library release "
+"with no changes.  The FSF also funded an early stage of the development of "
+"Debian GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"Le Projet GNU soutient les syst&egrave;mes GNU/Linux ainsi que <em>le</em> "
+"syst&egrave;me GNU, et les fonds de la FSF sont impliqu&eacute;s. La <a href="
+"\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> a financ&eacute; la r&eacute;&eacute;criture des "
+"extensions propres &agrave; Linux de la biblioth&egrave;que C de GNU afin "
+"qu'ils soient maintenant bien int&eacute;gr&eacute;s et les syst&egrave;mes "
+"GNU/Linux les plus r&eacute;cents emploient la biblioth&egrave;que actuelle "
+"sans aucune modification. La FSF a aussi financ&eacute; le d&eacute;"
+"veloppement de <a href=\"http://www.debian.org/\";>Debian GNU/Linux</a> "
+"&agrave; un de ses stades initiaux."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often "
+"called &ldquo;distros&rdquo;).  Most of them include non-free software&mdash;"
+"their developers follow the philosophy associated with Linux rather than "
+"that of GNU.  But there are also <a href=\"/distros/\">completely free GNU/"
+"Linux distros</a>.  The FSF supports computer facilities for two of these "
+"distributions, <a href=\"http://ututo.org\";>Ututo</a> and <a href=\"http://";
+"gnewsense.org/\">gNewSense</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aujourd'hui il &eacute;xiste de nombreuses variantes du syst&egrave;me GNU/"
+"Linux souvent appel&eacute;s &laquo;&nbsp;distributions&nbsp;&raquo;. La "
+"plupart d'entre elles incluent des logiciels non-libres&nbsp;: leur d&eacute;"
+"veloppeurs suivent la philosophie associ&eacute;e &agrave; Linux plut&ocirc;"
+"t que celle de GNU. Mais il y a aussi des <a href=\"/distros/"
+"\">distributions de GNU/Linux compl&egrave;tement libres</a>. La FSF "
+"pourvoit le mat&eacute;riel informatique pour deux de ces distributions, <a "
+"href=\"http://ututo.org\";>Ututo</a> et <a href=\"http://gnewsense.org/";
+"\">gNewSense</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of eliminating "
+"various non-free programs.  Nowadays, the usual version of Linux contains "
+"non-free programs too.  These programs are intended to be loaded into I/O "
+"devices when the system starts, and they are included, as long series of "
+"numbers, in the \"source code\" of Linux.  Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux "
+"distributions now entails maintaining a <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/";
+"project/linux\"> free version of Linux</a> too."
+msgstr ""
+"Faire une distribution libre de GNU/Linux n'est pas uniquement une question "
+"d'&eacute;limination des programmes divers non-libres. Aujourd'hui, les "
+"versions usuelles de Linux contiennent &eacute;galement des programmes non-"
+"libres. Ces programmes sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; &ecirc;tre charg&eacute;"
+"s dans des appareils d'entr&eacute;e/sortie quand le syst&egrave;me d&eacute;"
+"marre, et ils sont inclus, sous forme de longues s&eacute;ries de nombres, "
+"dans le &laquo;&nbsp;code source&nbsp;&raquo; de Linux. De ce fait, "
+"maintenir une distribution libre de GNU/Linux inclut maintenant &eacute;"
+"galement la maintenance d'une <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/";
+"linux\">version libre de Linux</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public by using "
+"the name &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; ambiguously.  Linux is the kernel, one of the "
+"essential major components of the system.  The system as a whole is "
+"basically the GNU system, with Linux added.  When you're talking about this "
+"combination, please call it &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"Que vous utilisiez GNU/Linux ou pas, veuillez ne pas semez la confusion en "
+"utilisant le nom &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; de mani&egrave;re "
+"ambigu&euml;. Linux est le noyau, un des composants majeurs essentiels du "
+"syst&egrave;me. Le syst&egrave;me dans son ensemble est plus ou moins le "
+"syst&egrave;me GNU additionn&eacute; de Linux. Quand vous parlez de cette "
+"combinaison, veuillez l'appeler &laquo;&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to make a link on &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo; for further reference, "
+"this page and <a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/gnu/";
+"the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices.  If you mention Linux, the "
+"kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, <a href=\"http://";
+"foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\"> http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/";
+"foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> is a good URL to use."
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez indiquer une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence vers &laquo;&nbsp;GNU/"
+"Linux&nbsp;&raquo;, cette page et <a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.fr.html"
+"\">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.fr.html</a> sont de bons choix. Si "
+"vous voulez indiquer une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; Linux, le noyau, "
+"<a href=\"http://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux\";> http://";
+"foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Linux</a> est une bonne URL &agrave; "
+"utiliser."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced a "
+"free Unix-like operating system.  This system is known as BSD, and it was "
+"developed at UC Berkeley.  It was non-free in the 80s, but became free in "
+"the early 90s.  A free operating system that exists today<a href="
+"\"#newersystems\">(4)</a> is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU "
+"system, or a kind of BSD system."
+msgstr ""
+"Addendum&nbsp;: &Agrave; c&ocirc;t&eacute; de GNU, un autre projet a produit "
+"de mani&egrave;re ind&eacute;pendante un syst&egrave;me d'exploitation libre "
+"semblable &agrave; Unix. Ce syst&egrave;me est connu sous le nom de BSD et a "
+"&eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute; &agrave; l'University College de "
+"Berkeley. Il n'&eacute;tait pas libre dans les ann&eacute;es 80, mais le "
+"devint au d&eacute;but des ann&eacute;es 90.  Tout syst&egrave;me "
+"d'exploitation libre existant aujourd'hui <a href=\"#newersystems\"><sup>4</"
+"sup></a> est fort probablement soit une variante de GNU, soit un type de "
+"syst&egrave;me BSD."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like GNU/Linux.  "
+"The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software by the "
+"example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists helped "
+"persuade them, but the code had little overlap with GNU.  BSD systems today "
+"use some GNU programs, just as the GNU system and its variants use some BSD "
+"programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that "
+"evolved separately.  The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to "
+"the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a href="
+"\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Quelquefois les gens demandent si BSD est aussi une version de GNU, comme "
+"GNU/Linux. Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de BSD ont &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"inspir&eacute;s &agrave; rendre leur travail libre par l'exemple du Projet "
+"GNU et ils ont &eacute;t&eacute; encourag&eacute;s &agrave; l'occasion par "
+"des activistes de GNU mais leur travail &eacute;tait de moindre relation "
+"avec GNU. Les syst&egrave;mes BSD emploient quelques logiciels GNU "
+"aujourd'hui, de m&ecirc;me que le syst&egrave;me GNU et ses variantes font "
+"usage de quelques logiciels BSD; mais pris &agrave; part, ce sont deux "
+"syst&egrave;mes diff&eacute;rents qui ont &eacute;volu&eacute; s&eacute;"
+"par&eacute;ment. Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de BSD n'ont pas &eacute;crit un "
+"noyau qu'ils auraient ajout&eacute; au syst&egrave;me GNU, et un nom tel que "
+"GNU/BSD ne refl&eacute;rait pas la situation <a href=\"#gnubsd\"><sup>5</"
+"sup></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Notes:"
 msgstr "Notes&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>These unexciting but essential components 
include the GNU assembler, GAS and the linker, GLD, both are now part of the <a 
href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU Binutils</a> package, <a 
href=\"/software/tar/\">GNU tar</a>, and more."
-msgstr "<a id=\"unexciting\">Ces composants non passionnants mais 
essentiels</a> comprenne l'assembleur GNU, GAS et le linker, GLD, qui font 
actuellement partie du paquetage <a href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU 
Binutils</a>, <a href=\"/software/tar/\">GNU tar</a>, &hellip;."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>These unexciting but essential components include "
+"the GNU assembler, GAS and the linker, GLD, both are now part of the <a href="
+"\"/software/binutils/\">GNU Binutils</a> package, <a href=\"/software/tar/"
+"\">GNU tar</a>, and more."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"unexciting\">Ces composants non passionnants mais essentiels</a> "
+"comprenne l'assembleur GNU, GAS et le linker, GLD, qui font actuellement "
+"partie du paquetage <a href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU Binutils</a>, <a "
+"href=\"/software/tar/\">GNU tar</a>, &hellip;."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"nottools\"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH), the 
PostScript interpreter <a 
href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html\">Ghostscript</a>, and the <a 
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C library</a> are not programming tools.  
Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU Chess."
-msgstr "<a id=\"nottools\">Par exemple</a>, le Bourne Again SHell (BASH), 
l'interpr&eacute;teur PostScript <a 
href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html\">Ghostscript</a>, et la <a 
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">biblioth&egrave;que C GNU</a> ne sont pas des 
outils de programmation. Tout comme GNUCash, GNOME et GNU Chess."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"nottools\"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH), the "
+"PostScript interpreter <a href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html"
+"\">Ghostscript</a>, and the <a href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C "
+"library</a> are not programming tools.  Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU "
+"Chess."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"nottools\">Par exemple</a>, le Bourne Again SHell (BASH), "
+"l'interpr&eacute;teur PostScript <a href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript."
+"html\">Ghostscript</a>, et la <a href=\"/software/libc/libc.html"
+"\">biblioth&egrave;que C GNU</a> ne sont pas des outils de programmation. "
+"Tout comme GNUCash, GNOME et GNU Chess."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>For instance, the <a 
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C library</a>."
-msgstr "<a id=\"somecomponents\">Par exemple</a>, la <a 
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">biblioth&egrave;que C GNU</a>."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>For instance, the <a href=\"/software/libc/libc."
+"html\">GNU C library</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"somecomponents\">Par exemple</a>, la <a href=\"/software/libc/libc."
+"html\">biblioth&egrave;que C GNU</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free 
Windows-like system has been developed, but technically it is not at all like 
GNU or Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue.  Most of the kernel of 
Solaris has been made free, but if you wanted to make a free system out of 
that, aside from replacing the missing parts of the kernel, you would also need 
to put it into GNU or BSD."
-msgstr "<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Depuis que ceci a &eacute;t&eacute; 
&eacute;crit, un syst&egrave;me presque enti&egrave;rement libre de style 
Windows a &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;, mais techniquement il 
n'est pas du tout comme GNU ou Unix, donc cela n'affecte pas vraiment ce 
probl&egrave;me. La plupart du noyau de Solaris a &eacute;t&eacute; rendu 
libre, mais si vous voulez faire un syst&egrave;me libre de cela, &agrave; part 
remplacer les parties manquantes du noyau, vous aurez aussi besoin d'y ajouter 
GNU ou BSD."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free Windows-"
+"like system has been developed, but technically it is not at all like GNU or "
+"Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue.  Most of the kernel of Solaris "
+"has been made free, but if you wanted to make a free system out of that, "
+"aside from replacing the missing parts of the kernel, you would also need to "
+"put it into GNU or BSD."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Depuis que ceci a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crit, "
+"un syst&egrave;me presque enti&egrave;rement libre de style Windows a "
+"&eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;, mais techniquement il n'est pas "
+"du tout comme GNU ou Unix, donc cela n'affecte pas vraiment ce probl&egrave;"
+"me. La plupart du noyau de Solaris a &eacute;t&eacute; rendu libre, mais si "
+"vous voulez faire un syst&egrave;me libre de cela, &agrave; part remplacer "
+"les parties manquantes du noyau, vous aurez aussi besoin d'y ajouter GNU ou "
+"BSD."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article 
was written, the GNU C Library has been ported to the FreeBSD kernel, which 
made it possible to combine the GNU system with that kernel.  Just as with 
GNU/Linux, these are indeed variants of GNU, and are therefore called 
GNU/kFreeBSD and GNU/kNetBSD depending on the kernel of the system.  Ordinary 
users on typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and 
GNU/*BSD."
-msgstr "<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>D'un autre c&ocirc;t&eacute;, dans les 
ann&eacute;es qui ont suivi l'&eacute;criture de cet article, la 
biblioth&egrave;que GNU C a &eacute;t&eacute; port&eacute;e dans le noyau de 
FreeBSD, ce qui a rendu possible de combiner le syst&egrave;me GNU avec ce 
noyau. Tout comme avec GNU/Linux, ce sont des variantes de GNU, et sont par 
cons&eacute;quent appel&eacute;es GNU/kFreeBSD et GNU/kNetBSD en fonction du 
noyau du syst&egrave;me. Les utilisateurs ordinaires des bureaux classiques 
peuvent difficilement faire la diff&eacute;rence entre GNU/Linux et GNU/*BSD."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article was "
+"written, the GNU C Library has been ported to the FreeBSD kernel, which made "
+"it possible to combine the GNU system with that kernel.  Just as with GNU/"
+"Linux, these are indeed variants of GNU, and are therefore called GNU/"
+"kFreeBSD and GNU/kNetBSD depending on the kernel of the system.  Ordinary "
+"users on typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and GNU/"
+"*BSD."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>D'un autre c&ocirc;t&eacute;, dans les ann&eacute;es "
+"qui ont suivi l'&eacute;criture de cet article, la biblioth&egrave;que GNU C "
+"a &eacute;t&eacute; port&eacute;e dans le noyau de FreeBSD, ce qui a rendu "
+"possible de combiner le syst&egrave;me GNU avec ce noyau. Tout comme avec "
+"GNU/Linux, ce sont des variantes de GNU, et sont par cons&eacute;quent "
+"appel&eacute;es GNU/kFreeBSD et GNU/kNetBSD en fonction du noyau du "
+"syst&egrave;me. Les utilisateurs ordinaires des bureaux classiques peuvent "
+"difficilement faire la diff&eacute;rence entre GNU/Linux et GNU/*BSD."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -153,21 +543,45 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. 
Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is 
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. 
Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is 
permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. "
+"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
+"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. "
+"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
+"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: ?<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: ?<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.";
+"org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -177,4 +591,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: fun/jokes/po/gnuemacs.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: fun/jokes/po/gnuemacs.pot
diff -N fun/jokes/po/gnuemacs.pot
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ fun/jokes/po/gnuemacs.pot   30 Oct 2009 08:25:32 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-30 04:25-0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+#:  
+msgid "GNU Emacs Humor"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "April Fool Mail - emacs rewrite"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>The following is an April fool mail received from RMS, but wasn't "
+"acutally sent by him, which he found it as funny.</i>"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"From: Richard Stallman\n"
+"Date: Sat, 01 Apr 2006 15:53:20 -0500\n"
+"Subject: emacs rewrite\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "After more than 30 years I think it's time to rewrite emacs from 
scratch."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "I would be happy to hear your suggestions about the best language to 
use."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"At the moment I think that Perl would be the best fit, because of its "
+"acronym:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Perfect emacs rewriting language."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Reply from RMS"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"From: Richard Stallman\n"
+"Date: Sun, 02 Apr 2006 21:08:17 -0400\n"
+"Subject: Re: emacs rewrite\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "Someone wrote an April Fool and put my name on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "It was funny."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Disclaimer"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The joke on this page was obtained from the FSF's <a "
+"href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>email archives</a> of the GNU Project and "
+"submitted by <a href=\"http://www.ramprasadb.in/\";>Ramprasad B</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation does not claim copyright for this joke."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""




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