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|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.html... |
|
Date: |
Fri, 10 Sep 2021 06:58:37 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 21/09/10 06:58:37
Modified files:
philosophy : copyright-and-globalization.html gates.html
historical-apsl.html microsoft.html
microsoft-antitrust.html motif.html
plan-nine.html selling.html
use-free-software.html using-gfdl.html
Log message:
Minor fixes: links, copyright years, redundant <abbr>, quotes, etc.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.49&r2=1.50
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/gates.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/historical-apsl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.55&r2=1.56
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/motif.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/plan-nine.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.64&r2=1.65
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/use-free-software.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
Patches:
Index: copyright-and-globalization.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html,v
retrieving revision 1.49
retrieving revision 1.50
diff -u -b -r1.49 -r1.50
--- copyright-and-globalization.html 5 Sep 2021 07:59:44 -0000 1.49
+++ copyright-and-globalization.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.50
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
<b>DAVID THORBURN, moderator</b>: Our speaker today, Richard Stallman,
is a legendary figure in the computing world, and my experience in
trying to find a respondent to share the podium with him was
-instructive. One distinguished <abbr>MIT</abbr> professor told me
+instructive. One distinguished MIT professor told me
that Stallman needs to be understood as a charismatic figure in a
-biblical parable — a kind of Old Testament anecdote-lesson.
-“Imagine,” he said, “a Moses or a Jeremiah —
-better a Jeremiah.” And I said, “Well, that's very
+biblical parable—a kind of Old Testament anecdote-lesson.
+“Imagine,” he said, “a Moses or a Jeremiah—better
+a Jeremiah.” And I said, “Well, that's very
admirable.”</p>
<p>
That sounds wonderful. It confirms my sense of the kind of
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
writing a book and copying a book, there were other useful things you
could do. For instance, you could copy a part of a book, then write
some new words, copy some more and write some new words and on and on.
-This was called “writing a commentary” — that was a
-common thing to do — and these commentaries were
+This was called “writing a commentary”—that was a
+common thing to do—and these commentaries were
appreciated.</p>
<p>
You could also copy a passage out of one book, then write some other
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
<p>
Now, is this an advantageous trade? Well, when the general public
can't make copies because they can only be efficiently made on
-printing presses — and most people don't own printing presses
+printing presses—and most people don't own printing presses
— the result is that the general public is trading away a
freedom it is unable to exercise, a freedom that is of no practical
value. So if you have something that is a byproduct of your life and
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
priority. Copyright was easy to enforce because it was a restriction
only on publishers who were easy to find and what they published was
easy to see. Now the copyright is a restriction on each and everyone
-of you. To enforce it requires surveillance — an intrusion
+of you. To enforce it requires surveillance—an intrusion
— and harsh punishments, and we are seeing these being enacted
into law in the U.S. and other countries.</p>
<p>
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
Clearly, this kind of campaign comes from somebody paying for it. Now
why are they doing that? I think I know. The reason is that e-books
are the opportunity to take away some of the residual freedoms that
-readers of printed books have always had and still have — the
+readers of printed books have always had and still have—the
freedom, for instance, to lend a book to your friend or borrow it from
the public library or sell a copy to a used bookstore or buy a copy
anonymously, without putting a record in the database of who bought
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@
<p>
We see at the same time efforts to take away people's freedom in using
other kinds of published works. For instance, movies that are on DVDs
-are published in an encrypted format that used to be secret — it
-was meant to be secret — and the only way the movie companies
+are published in an encrypted format that used to be secret—it
+was meant to be secret—and the only way the movie companies
would tell you the format, so that you could make a DVD player, was if
you signed a contract to build certain restrictions into the player,
with the result that the public would be stopped even from fully
@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@
Act was passed in the first place. The reason is the campaign finance
system that we have in the U.S., which is essentially legalized
bribery where the candidates are bought by business before they even
-get elected. And, of course, they know who their master is —
-they know whom they're working for — and they pass the laws to
+get elected. And, of course, they know who their master is—they
+know whom they're working for—and they pass the laws to
give business more power.</p>
<p>
What will happen with that particular battle, we don't know. But
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
anyone caught doing forbidden copying. You could be sent to Siberia.
Third, soliciting informers, asking everyone to rat on their neighbors
and co-workers to the information police. Fourth, collective
-responsibility — You! You're going to watch that group! If I
+responsibility—You! You're going to watch that group! If I
catch any of them doing forbidden copying, you are going to prison.
So watch them hard. And, fifth, propaganda, starting in childhood to
convince everyone that only a horrible enemy of the people would ever
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
companies have more power than citizens of the country.</p>
<p>
There are attempts being made to extend this
-beyond <abbr>NAFTA</abbr>. For instance, this is one of the goals of
+beyond NAFTA. For instance, this is one of the goals of
the so-called free trade area of the Americas, to extend this
principle to all the countries in South America and the Caribbean as
well, and the multilateral agreement on investment was intended to
@@ -554,13 +554,13 @@
The next question is: Should people have the right to do commercial
verbatim copying? Or is non-commercial enough? You see, these are
two different activities we can distinguish, so that we can consider
-the questions separately — the right to do non-commercial
+the questions separately—the right to do non-commercial
verbatim copying and the right to do commercial verbatim copying.
Well, it might be a good compromise policy to have copyright cover
commercial verbatim copying but allow everyone the right to do
non-commercial verbatim copying. This way, the copyright on the
commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions
-— only the author could approve a modified version — would
+— only the author could approve a modified version—would
still provide the same revenue stream that it provides now to fund the
writing of these works, to whatever extent it does.</p>
<p>
@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@
copyright no longer has to intrude into everybody's home. It becomes
an industrial regulation again, easy to enforce and painless, no
longer requiring draconian punishments and informers for the sake of
-its enforcement. So we get most of the benefit — and avoid most
-of the horror — of the current system.</p>
+its enforcement. So we get most of the benefit—and avoid most
+of the horror—of the current system.</p>
<p>
The third category of works is aesthetic or entertaining works, where
the most important thing is just the sensation of looking at the
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@
The other thing is, we do not have this digital cash payment system;
so we can't really try it today. You could try to do something a
little bit like it. There are services you can sign up for where you
-can pay money to someone — things like PayPal. But before you
+can pay money to someone—things like PayPal. But before you
can pay anyone through PayPal, you have to go through a lot of
rigmarole and give them personal information about you, and they
collect records of whom you pay. Can you trust them not to misuse
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@
We are gradually moving from the age of the printing press to the age
of the computer network, but it's not happening in a day. People are
still buying lots of records, and that will probably continue for many
-years — maybe forever. As long as that continues, simply having
+years—maybe forever. As long as that continues, simply having
copyrights that still apply to commercial sales of records ought to do
about as good a job of supporting musicians as it does today. Of
course, that's not very good, but, at least, it won't get any
@@ -893,8 +893,8 @@
<b>THORBURN</b>: I guess one question that occurred to me while you
were speaking, Richard, and, again, now when you're responding here to
this question is why you don't consider the ways in which the
-computer, itself, eliminates the middle men completely — in the
-way that Stephen King refused to do — and might establish a
+computer, itself, eliminates the middle men completely—in the
+way that Stephen King refused to do—and might establish a
personal relationship.</p>
<p>
<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, they can and, in fact, this voluntary donation
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@
problem, you know. Which do we do first? How do we get the world
where people don't have to desperately get money except by removing
the control by business? And how can we remove the control by
-business except — Anyway, I don't know, but that's why I'm
+business except—Anyway, I don't know, but that's why I'm
trying to propose first a compromise copyright system and, second, the
voluntary payment supported by a compromise copyright system as a way
to provide a revenue stream to the people who write those works.</p>
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
years in a way that had never been in place before. If I write an
essay in which I want to use still images, even from films, they are
much harder to get permission to use, and the prices charged to use
-those still images are much higher — even when I make arguments
+those still images are much higher—even when I make arguments
about intellectual inquiry and the legal category of “fair
use.” So I think, in this moment of extended transformation, the
longer-term prospects may, in fact, not be as disturbing as what's
@@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@
issue. There's just one area where an issue arises with patents that
is actually similar to these issues of freedom to copy, and that is in
the area of agriculture. Because there are certain patented things
-that can be copies, more or less — namely, living things. They
+that can be copies, more or less—namely, living things. They
copy themselves when they reproduce. It's not necessarily exact
copying; they re-shuffle the genes. But the fact is, farmers for
millennia have been making use of this capacity of the living things
@@ -1200,8 +1200,8 @@
in various different areas, but I think that in the area of education,
when you're looking for textbooks, I think I see a way it can be done.
There are a lot of teachers in the world, teachers who are not at
-prestigious universities — maybe they're in high-school; maybe
-they're in college — where they don't write and publish a lot of
+prestigious universities—maybe they're in high-school; maybe
+they're in college—where they don't write and publish a lot of
things and there's not a tremendous demand for them. But a lot of
them are smart. A lot of them know their subjects well and they could
write textbooks about lots of subjects and share them with the world
@@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
will have learned from them.</p>
<p>
<b>QUESTION</b>: That's what I proposed. But the funny thing is, I do
-know the history of education. That's what I do — educational,
+know the history of education. That's what I do—educational,
electronic media projects. I couldn't find an example. Do you know
of one?</p>
<p>
@@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/05 07:59:44 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: gates.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/gates.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- gates.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:19 -0000 1.23
+++ gates.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.24
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2> It's not the Gates, it's the bars</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>To pay so much attention to Bill Gates' retirement is
missing the point. What really matters is not Gates, nor
Microsoft, but the unethical system of restrictions that
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@
degradation and illness in the same poor countries.
(2010 update: The Gates Foundation is supporting a project with
agribusiness giant Cargill on a <a
-
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/sep/29/gates-foundation-gm-monsanto";>project
+
href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/sep/29/gates-foundation-gm-monsanto";>project
that could involve pushing genetically modified crops in Africa</a>.)</p>
<p>Many computerists specially hate Gates and Microsoft. They have
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@
UK, Microsoft established a major office in Gordon Brown's
constituency. Both lawful, both potentially corrupting.)</p>
- <p>Many users hate the “Microsoft tax”, the retail
+ <p>Many users hate the “Microsoft tax,” the retail
contracts that make you pay for Windows on your computer even if you
won't use it. (In some countries you can get a refund, but the effort
required is daunting.) There's also the Digital Restrictions
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@
yourself or for someone else, you can't. If you're a business and you
want to pay a programmer to make the software suit your needs better,
you can't. If you copy it to share with your friend, which is simple
- good-neighbourliness, they call you a “pirate”.
+ good-neighbourliness, they call you a “pirate.”
Microsoft would have us believe that helping your neighbour is the
moral equivalent of attacking a ship.</p>
@@ -119,9 +118,8 @@
<p>Gates may be gone, but the walls and bars of proprietary software
he helped create remain—for now. Dismantling them is up to
us.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="infobox">
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
<hr />
<p>This article was <a
href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7487060.stm";>published by
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:19 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: historical-apsl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/historical-apsl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- historical-apsl.html 20 Aug 2021 20:25:37 -0000 1.27
+++ historical-apsl.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.28
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Problems with older versions of the Apple Public Source License
(APSL)</h2>
-<div class="comment">
+<div class="announcement">
<p>The current version of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) does not
have any of these problems. <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">You can
read our current position on the APSL elsewhere</a>. This document is
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
</div>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
<h3>FSF Position on the Older Versions of APSL</h3>
<p>
@@ -132,7 +131,6 @@
which is that we form a community to cooperate on the commons of
software.</p>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2003, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/20 20:25:37 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: microsoft.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/microsoft.html,v
retrieving revision 1.55
retrieving revision 1.56
diff -u -b -r1.55 -r1.56
--- microsoft.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.55
+++ microsoft.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.56
@@ -10,15 +10,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</h2>
+<div class="infobox">
<p><em>This article was given a major rewrite in 2009.
The <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">old version</a> is also
available.</em></p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
<p>Many people think of Microsoft as the monster menace of the
software industry. There is even a specific campaign to boycott
Microsoft. This feeling has intensified since Microsoft expressed
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@
Microsoft proprietary software, which we do need to reject, and that
makes them useless for anyone that chooses to live in freedom.</p>
-<p>In the “Halloween documents”, leaked in October 1998,
+<p>In the “Halloween documents,” leaked in October 1998,
Microsoft executives stated an intention to use various methods to
obstruct the development of free software: specifically, designing
secret protocols and file formats, and patenting algorithms and
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
(and software developers and users generally)—consider the harm
that the MP3 patents have done. Thus, defending against specific
attacks is necessary but not sufficient. The only full solution is
-to <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/";>eliminate software
+to <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org/";>eliminate software
patents</a>.
</p>
@@ -105,7 +106,6 @@
from their freedom than any other, and a powerful avowed enemy of
computer users' freedom. We act accordingly.</p>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: microsoft-antitrust.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- microsoft-antitrust.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.35
+++ microsoft-antitrust.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.36
@@ -10,17 +10,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>
-<div class="article">
<p>
With the Microsoft antitrust trial moving toward a conclusion, the
question of what to demand of Microsoft if it loses is coming to the
fore. Ralph Nader is even [when this was written, in March 1999]
organizing a conference about the question (see
-<a
href="http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/";>http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/</a>).</p>
+<a
href="http://www.appraising-microsoft.org/";>appraising-microsoft.org</a>).</p>
<p>
The obvious answers—to restrict contracts between Microsoft and
computer manufacturers, or to break up the company—will not make
@@ -120,7 +119,6 @@
us to develop a truly superior alternative to Microsoft Windows,
in whatever area Microsoft does not make Windows free software.</p>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: motif.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/motif.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- motif.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.37
+++ motif.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.38
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Motif License</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>
A couple of weeks ago, the Open Group changed the license of Motif,
inviting free software developers to use it. However, the new Motif
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@
looser definition of open source software.</p>
<p>
Their announcement says they have released Motif to “the open
-source community”, but this is true only in an unnatural
+source community,” but this is true only in an unnatural
interpretation of the words. They have not made Motif available
within the free software community; instead, they have invited the
people in the free software community to leave the community by using
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@
</li>
<li>The license is restricted to use on certain operating systems,
- those which fit a category they call “open source”.
+ those which fit a category they call “open source.”
Both the free software movement and the open source camp
consider use restrictions unacceptable.
</li>
@@ -75,11 +74,10 @@
<h3 id="LaterNote" class="footnote">Later Note</h3>
<p>
-<em>In 2012, <a href="http://motif.sourceforge.net/";>
+<em>In 2012, <a href="https://motif.ics.com/";>
Motif</a> was released under the GNU Lesser General Public
License, version 2.1.</em></p>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: plan-nine.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/plan-nine.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- plan-nine.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.34
+++ plan-nine.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.35
@@ -3,42 +3,43 @@
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
-<title>The Problems of the Plan 9 License
+<title>The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/plan-nine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="infobox">
<p><em>Note:</em> This applies to the earlier license used for Plan 9.
The current license of Plan 9 does qualify as free software (and also
as open source). So this article's specific example is of historical
relevance only. Nonetheless, the general point remains valid.</p>
-
-<hr />
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
When I saw the announcement that the Plan 9 software had been released
-as “open source”, I wondered whether it might be free
+as “open source,” I wondered whether it might be free
software as well. After studying the license, my conclusion was that
it is not free; the license contains several restrictions that are
totally unacceptable for the Free Software Movement. (See
-<a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p>
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)</p>
<p>
I am not a supporter of the Open Source Movement, but I was glad when
one of their leaders told me they don't consider the license
acceptable either. When the developers of Plan 9 describe it as
-“open source”, they are altering the meaning of that term
+“open source,” they are altering the meaning of that term
and thus spreading confusion. (The term “open source” is
widely misunderstood;
-see <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p>
+see <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>.)</p>
<p>
Here is a list of the problems that I found in the Plan 9 license.
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: selling.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/selling.html,v
retrieving revision 1.64
retrieving revision 1.65
diff -u -b -r1.64 -r1.65
--- selling.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.64
+++ selling.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.65
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some views on the
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -34,9 +33,9 @@
<p>
The word “free” has two legitimate general meanings; it can refer
-either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software”,
-we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech”,
-not “free beer”.) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
+either to freedom or to price. When we speak of “free software,”
+we're talking about freedom, not price. (Think of “free speech,”
+not “free beer.”) Specifically, it means that a user is free to
run
the program, study and change the program, and redistribute the program with or
without changes.</p>
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@
Free software is a community project, and everyone who depends on it
ought to look for ways to contribute to building the community. For a
distributor, the way to do this is to give a part of the profit to free
software development projects or to the
-<a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software Foundation</a>. This way you can
+<a href="https://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software Foundation</a>. This way you can
advance the world of free software.</p>
<p>
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@
<p>
The most direct way to do this is by writing needed
-<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist";>free software</a>
+<a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist";>free software</a>
or
<a href="/doc/doc.html">manuals</a> yourself. But if you do
distribution rather than writing, the best way you can help is by
@@ -144,8 +143,8 @@
encourage it.</p>
<p>
-However, when people think of
-<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware">“selling
software”</a>,
+However, when people think of “<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware">selling
software</a>,”
they usually imagine doing it the way most companies do it: making the
software proprietary rather than free.</p>
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@
<p>
Except for one special situation, the
-<a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)
+<a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)
has no requirements about how much you can charge for distributing a
copy of free software. You can charge nothing, a penny, a dollar, or
a billion dollars. It's up to you, and the marketplace, so don't
@@ -190,7 +189,6 @@
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -250,7 +248,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: use-free-software.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/use-free-software.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- use-free-software.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.38
+++ use-free-software.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.39
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .2em">
The Free Software Community After 20 Years: </h2>
<h3 style="margin: 0 0 1.2em">
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>
It was 5 Jan 1984, twenty years ago today, that I quit my job at MIT
to begin developing a free software operating system,
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@
Today we have a large community of users who run GNU, Linux and other
free software. Thousands of people would like to extend this, and
have adopted the goal of convincing more computer users to “use
-free software”. But what does it mean to “use free
+free software.” But what does it mean to “use free
software”? Does that mean escaping from proprietary software,
or merely installing free programs alongside it? Are we aiming to
lead people to freedom, or just introduce them to our code? In other
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@
free while using a nonfree program. To free the citizens of
cyberspace, we have to replace those nonfree programs, not accept
them. They are not contributions to our community, they are
-temptations to settle for continuing non-freedom.</p>
+temptations to settle for continuing nonfreedom.</p>
<p>
There are two common motivations to develop a free program. One is
@@ -116,11 +115,10 @@
people to recognize the moral unacceptability of nonfree software.
People who value freedom are, in the long term, its best and essential
defense.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="infobox">
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
<hr />
-<p>Originally published on NewsForge.</p>
+<p>Originally published on <cite>NewsForge</cite>.</p>
</div>
</div>
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: using-gfdl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- using-gfdl.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:45 -0000 1.39
+++ using-gfdl.html 10 Sep 2021 10:58:36 -0000 1.40
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@
<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
-the GNU FDL for this book”. So when your friend mentions
+the GNU FDL for this book.” So when your friend mentions
writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
pointing out this possibility.</p>
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@
optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html.</a>) Authors that want
+gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.) Authors that want
to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
for free documentation.</p>
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@
should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>
<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
-</div>
<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/10 10:58:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
- www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.html...,
Therese Godefroy <=