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www/philosophy essays-and-articles.pt-br.html f... |
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Sun, 5 Sep 2021 19:02:18 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/05 19:02:18
Modified files:
philosophy : essays-and-articles.pt-br.html
free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html
latest-articles.pt-br.html
no-word-attachments.pt-br.html
philosophy.pt-br.html shouldbefree.pt-br.html
software-literary-patents.pt-br.html
philosophy/po : essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html
essays-and-articles.pt-br.po
free-software-for-freedom.pt-br-en.html
free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po
latest-articles.pt-br-en.html
latest-articles.pt-br.po
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no-word-attachments.pt-br.po
philosophy.pt-br-en.html philosophy.pt-br.po
shouldbefree.pt-br-en.html
shouldbefree.pt-br.po
software-literary-patents.pt-br-en.html
software-literary-patents.pt-br.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/essays-and-articles.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/latest-articles.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
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http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.90&r2=1.91
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/latest-articles.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/latest-articles.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
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http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.85&r2=1.86
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
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http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
Patches:
Index: essays-and-articles.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/essays-and-articles.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- essays-and-articles.pt-br.html 30 Jul 2021 18:01:57 -0000 1.32
+++ essays-and-articles.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.33
@@ -6,13 +6,25 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Ensaios e Artigos - Projeto GNU - Free Software Foundationc</title>
+<title>Ensaios e Artigos - Projeto GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.toc { margin-bottom: 1em; }
+.toc ul { font-weight: normal; }
+.toc >
+ ul > li { list-style-type: none; font-weight: bold; }
+@media (min-width:55em) { .toc > ul > li { display: inline-block; width: 95%;
}}
+.reduced-width > h3 { margin-top: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #bbb; }
+ ul.no-bullet li { text-indent: -1.5em; }
+ .date-tag { font-size: .875em; position: relative; bottom: .05em; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/philosophy-menu.pt-br.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Ensaios e Artigos</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>
@@ -21,592 +33,1379 @@
de software livre, que é nossa motivação para desenvolver o sistema
operacional livre GNU.</p>
-<p>Uma <a href="/philosophy/latest-articles.html">lista dos últimos artigos
-publicados</a> também está disponÃvel.</p>
-
-<p>
-
-<!-- please leave both these ID attributes here. ... -->
-<!-- ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the -->
-<!-- same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users -->
-<!-- have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len -->
-<a id="TOCFreedomOrganizations">Nós</a> <a
-id="FreedomOrganizations">também</a> mantemos uma lista de <a
-href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizações que Trabalham
-pela Liberdade do Desenvolvimento da Computação e nas Comunicações
-Eletrônicas</a>.</p>
+<p>Os artigos mais importantes são marcados com asteriscos e listados primeiro
+em cada categoria. Os outros estão em ordem cronológica inversa.</p>
</div>
-<div class="summary" style="margin-top: 1.2em">
+<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display">Conteúdo</h3>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="#aboutfs">Sobre o Software Livre?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#aboutgnu">Sobre o Sistema Operacional GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Laws">Leis e Problemas</a>
+<ul class="columns">
+ <li><a href="#aboutfs">Sobre o Software Livre</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#principles">PrincÃpios</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#practice">Prática</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#extension">Extensão para outras áreas</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#mix">Misturando livre com não livre</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#free-open">Software livre e código aberto</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#upholding">Mantendo-se Fiel à Liberdade de Software</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">O Projeto GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#fsmovement">O movimento software livre</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#need">A necessidade de software livre</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#action">Guia para ação</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando Software Livre</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Informações gerais</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#non-copyleft">Não copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#traps">Armadilhas de licenciamento</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#Laws">Problemas legais</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#patents">Patentes</a></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
- <li><a href="#drm">Gestão Digital de Restrições</a></li>
<li><a href="#noip">O termo de propaganda âPropriedade
Intelectualâ</a></li>
- <li><a href="#ns">Serviços de Rede</a></li>
- <li><a href="#cultural">Problemas Sociais e Culturais</a></li>
- </ul></li>
+ <li><a href="#sco">Resposta ataques da SCO</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#cultural">Problemas Sociais e Culturais</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#society">Sociedade digital</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#drm">Gestão digital de restrições</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#ns">Serviços de rede</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#access">Acessando cultura</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#funding">Financiando obras culturais</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#evils">Vigilância, censura, aprisionamento, etc.</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html"><em>Malware</em>
privativo</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
<li><a href="#terminology">Terminologias e Definições</a></li>
- <li><a href="#upholding">Mantendo-se Fiel à Liberdade de Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="#misc">Diversos</a></li>
- <li><a href="#humor">Humor Filosófico</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Humor filosófico</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
-<div style="width: 47em; max-width: 100%">
<h3 id="aboutfs">Sobre o Software Livre</h3>
<p>
Software livre é uma questão de liberdade: as pessoas devem ter a liberdade
de usar programas de todas as maneiras socialmente úteis. Softwares diferem
-de objetos materiais — como cadeiras, sanduÃches e gasolina —,
-pois podem ser copiados e alterados muito mais facilmente. Essas
-possibilidades tornam o software tão útil quanto ele é, e acreditamos que os
-usuários devem poder fazer uso delas.</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">O que é o Software Livre?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Por Que o Software Não Deve ter
-Donos</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Por Que o Software Deve Ser
-Livre</a> (Esse é um ensaio mais antigo e mais longo sobre o mesmo tópico do
-artigo anterior)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Por Que Software Livre precisa de
-Documentação Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> Quando Software
-Livre Depende de Não Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Vender Software Livre</a> Não Tem
+de objetos materiais â como cadeiras, sanduÃches e gasolina â, pois podem
+ser copiados e alterados muito mais facilmente. Essas possibilidades tornam
+o software tão útil quanto ele é, e acreditamos que os usuários devem poder
+fazer uso delas.</p>
+
+<h4 id="principles">PrincÃpios</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996… ]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> O que é o Software Livre?</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> Software Livre
+é Ainda Mais Importante Agora</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html"> Vender Software Livre</a> â Não Tem
Problema!</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorias de Softwares Livres e
Não
-Livres</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS e FOSS</a></li>
- <li><a href="/software/reliability.html">O Software Livre é Mais
Confiável!</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">
-Quando o Software Livre não é (na Prática) Superior</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Por que o Código
-Aberto não compartilha dos objetivos do Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">Como Software Livre e
Código
-Aberto Se Relacionam como Categorias de Programas</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU, e
Liberdade</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">Considerações sobre o
-Gnutella</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/schools.html">Por que escolas devem usar
exclusivamente
-software livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom e Você</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html"> 15 Anos de Software
-Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Movimento Software
Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html"> Sua
Liberdade
-Precisa de Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"> Motivos para Escrever Software
-Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Medidas que Governos
-Podem Usar para Promover Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">Lições do Uruguai</a>. A FSF
aprendeu
-alguma coisa de um projeto de lei apresentado no Uruguai.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html"> Por
que
-programas não devem limitar a liberdade de executá-los</a> — Liberdade
-0 não deve ser limitada.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html"> Imperfeição
não é o
-mesmo que opressão</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Aplicando os
Critérios
-de Software Livre</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3 id="aboutgnu">Sobre o Sistema Operacional GNU</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Anúncio inicial do Sistema
-Operacional GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">O Manifesto GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">Uma breve história do Projeto
GNU</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">O Projeto GNU</a>, uma longa e mais
-completa descrição do projeto e sua história.</li>
- <li><a href="/fsf/fsf.html">O site oficial da Free Software
Foundation</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Por Que GNU/Linux?</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html"> Por que
+programas não devem limitar a liberdade de executá-los</a> (por RMS) â
+Liberdade 0 não deve ser limitada.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2007]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html"> Sua liberdade
+precisa de software livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1994]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html"> Por Que o Software Não Deve ter
+Donos</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1991]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html"> Por Que o Software Deve Ser
+Livre</a> (por RMS) â Um ensaio mais antigo e mais longo sobre o mesmo
+tópico do artigo anterior.</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando Software Livre</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">Informações gerais sobre
licenciamento e
-copyleft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/license-list.html">Uma lista de licenças livres e
não
-livres, com comentários</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Perguntas Frequentes Sobre as Licenças
GNU
-</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">Por que Você Não Deveria
Utilizar a
-GPL Menor para Sua Próxima Biblioteca</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">Copyleft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Por que Copyleft?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/university.html">Lançando Software Livre Caso Você
-Trabalhe em uma Universidade</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Idealismo
Pragmático</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Armadilha do JavaScript</a>.
Você
-deve está usando programas não livre em seu computador todos os dias sem
-perceber — através de seu navegador web.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html";> Inveja
censura e
-licenciamento</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">A armadilha do X Window System</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">Os Problemas da Licença da
Apple</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/bsd.html">O Problema da Licença BSD</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">A Licença Pública Netscape
Possui
-Problemas Sérios</a>. Uma <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
-versão antiga deste artigo</a> também está disponÃvel.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">O Movimento Software Livre e UDI</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">Isto não é o Gates, Isto é o
bars</a>, um
-artigo por Richard Stallman publicado na BBC News em 2008.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">A Microsoft é o Grande Satã?</a>
(Uma
-<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">versão antiga</a> deste artigo
-também está disponÃvel.)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">O Julgamento de
Antitruste da
-Microsoft e Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">Sobre o Veredicto
Microsoft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html"> Novo Monopólio da
-Microsoft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html"> Para que desorientar
-CodePlex</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense"> Os Problemas
da
-Licença Plan 9</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense"> A Nova Licença
Motif</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Usando a GNU
FDL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay"> A GNU
GPL e
-o Jeito Americano</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream"> A
GNU
-GPL e o Sonho Americano</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL"> Impondo a GNU
-GPL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"> Sobre Exceções de Venda
para
-a GNU GPL </a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">
Liberdade
-ou Poder?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">
Nós
-Podemos Por um Fim aos Anexos do Word</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap"> Livre Porém
Acorrentado
-- A Armadilha do Java</a> (Embora a Sun tenha <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";> licenciado
-novamente</a> a maioria das implementações de referência da plataforma Java
-sob a Licença Pública Geral GNU, o problema descrito neste artigo ainda é
-importante.)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">Está Sendo Trabalhada Uma
Versão
-CompatÃvel com a GNU GPL da Licença de Patente Aberta do RTLinux</a></li>
+<h4 id="practice">Prática</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1999-2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">
+Quando o Software Livre não é (na Prática) Superior</a> (por Benjamin Mako
+Hill)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Aplicando os critérios
+de software livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html"> Imperfeição não é
o
+mesmo que opressão</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"> Android e Liberdade
+dos Usuários</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1997-2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/software/reliability.html"> O software livre é mais confiável!</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="Laws">Leis e Problemas</h3>
+<h4 id="extension">Extensão para outras áreas</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html"> Por Que Software Livre precisa de
+Documentação Livre</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2020]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html"> Foguetes devem ter apenas
+software livre? Software e appliances livres </a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> Hardware livre e designs
+de hardware livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> O que significa para você que
+seu computador seja leal?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html"> Serviços
+de Rede Não São Livres ou Não Livres; Eles Criam Outros Problemas</a> (por
+RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella"> Considerações sobre o
+Gnutella</a></li>
+</ul>
-<h4 id="patents">Patentes</h4>
+<h4 id="mix">Misturando livre e não livre</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2016]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> Quando software
+livre depende de não livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html"> Alguma vez é
+uma boa ideia usar um programa não livre?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html"> Obrigado, Larry McVoy</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1998]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/udi.html"> O Movimento Software Livre e UDI</a> (por
+RMS)</li>
+</ul>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">Dando à Proteção da
Ãrea de
-Software contra Patentes</a></li>
+<h4 id="free-open">Software livre e código aberto</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2007-2021]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Por que o âCódigo
+Abertoâ não compartilha dos objetivos do Software Livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"> Como Software Livre e Código
+Aberto Se Relacionam como Categorias de Programas</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS e FOSS</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"> Linux, GNU e Liberdade</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html"> A carta do RMS para o editor do
+Dr. Dobb's Journal</a> que explica a distinção entre o movimentos do
+software livre e código aberto.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1998]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html"> âSoftware de Código
+Abertoâ ou âSoftware Livreâ?</a> (substituÃdo por <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> Por que o âCódigo
+Abertoâ não compartilha dos objetivos do Software Livre</a>)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">Posição da FSF sobre a PolÃtica
de
-Patentes âLivre de Royaltyâ do W3 Consortium</a> reescrito</li>
- <li>Como proteger o <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Direito a Escrever
-Software</a> (independente de ser livre ou não).</li>
+<h3 id="upholding">Mantendo-se Fiel à Liberdade de Software</h3>
- <li>Em <a
-href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research";>
-Felten v. RIAA</a>, cientistas estão pedindo a uma corte para determinar que
-o Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) não os proÃba de publicar sua
-pesquisa.</li>
+<h4>O Projeto GNU</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">O Sistema Operacional GNU</a> â História,
relação
+com Linux etc.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd cases/">âPropriedade
-Intelectualâ da EFF: Arquivos de casos de DVD da MPAA (Motion Picture
-Association of America)</a></li>
+<h4 id="fsmovement">O movimento software livre</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/";> O site oficial da Free Software
+Foundation</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html"> A comunidade de Software Livre
+após 20 anos</a> (por RMS) â com grande mas incompleto sucesso, e
agora?</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html"> 15 anos de software
+livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html"> Movimento Software
Livre</a></li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Reforma de Patente
-Não é o Suficiente</a></li>
+<h4 id="need">A necessidade de software livre</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2011-2017]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html"> Medidas que os
+governos podem usar para promover o software livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2009-2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/schools.html"> Por que escolas devem usar
+exclusivamente software livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html"> Neutralidade
+tecnológica e Software Livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html"> Lição do Uruguai</a> â A FSF aprendeu
+alguma coisa de um projeto de lei apresentado no Uruguai.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html"> Software Livre e Governo
+(digital)</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"> Software Livre e
+Desenvolvimento Sustentável</a> (por RMS) â Um pequeno artigo de Richard
+Stallman sobre o uso de software privativo no desenvolvimento cultural.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Salvando a Europa das Patentes de
-Software</a></li>
+<h4 id="action">Guia para ação</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2020]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> Dizer não à computação
+injusta mesmo uma vez é ajudar</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"> Motivos para Escrever Software
+Livre</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002-2020]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments"> Nós
+Podemos Pôr um Fim aos Anexos [de e-mail] do Word</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2019]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html"> Festivais de Instalação: O
+que fazer com o pacto com o diabo</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2019]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html"> Qual é a forma correta de
+atualizar uma instalação do Windows?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2018]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html"> Diretrizes de Comunicação
+Gentil do GNU</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2017]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> Por que hackathons devem insistir no
+software livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> Cuidado com o âSuporteâ
+Contraditório</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> Por que o advogado do diabo não
+ajuda a alcançar a verdade</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2010]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/practical.html"> As Vantagens do Software Livre</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html"> Como a Plataforma do Partido Pirata
+Sueco Atrapalha o Software Livre</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html"> Para que desorientar
+CodePlex</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2008]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ucita.html"> Por Que Temos de Lutar Contra UCITA</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2008]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/compromise.html"> Evitando Compromissos Ruinosos</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2007]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html"> Superação da inércia social</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html"> MyDoom e Você</a> (por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">âPatente
unitáriaâ da
-Europa poderia significar patentes de softwares ilimitadas</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boicote da Amazon!</a></li>
+<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licenciando Software Livre</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">Sucesso do Boicote da Amazon!</a>,
uma
-carta de Nat Friedman para Richard Stallman.</li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html"> Licenças</a> â Informações gerais
sobre
+licenciamento e copyleft</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">Carta do RMS para Tim
O'Reilly</a>
-sobre uma declaração por Jeff Bezos, CEO da Amazon, sobre a duração das
-patentes de software.</li>
+<h4 id="copyleft">Copyleft</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"> Por que Copyleft?</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1998]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html"> Copyleft: Idealismo pragmático</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2009-2017]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"> Sobre Vender exceções à GNU
+GPL</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html"> Quando uma Empresa Pede Por
+Seu Copyright</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html";> Inveja censura e
+licenciamento</a> (por David âNovalisâ Turner, na <i>fsf.org</i>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+Uma <a
+href="https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>
+tradução em inglês da famosa decisão da Corte Distrital de Munique</a>
sobre
+a validade e aplicabilidade da GPL (pelos tradutores do Oxford Internet
+Institute, na <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/university.html"> Lance Software Livre Caso Você
+Trabalhe em uma Universidade</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay"> A GNU GPL e
+o Modo Americano de Viver</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream"> A GNU
+GPL e o Sonho Americano</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower"> Liberdade
+ou Poder?</a> (por Bradley M. Kuhn e RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html"> Está Sendo Trabalhada Uma Versão
+CompatÃvel com a GNU GPL da Licença de Patente Aberta do RTLinux</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL"> Fazendo Valer
+GNU GPL</a> (por Eben Moglen)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL"> Usando a GNU FDL</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">Patente da Amazon em um sistema
para
-realização de uma ordem de compra pela internet</a>, com notas por Richard
-Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="non-copyleft">Não copyleft</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/apsl.html"> Os Problemas da Licença da Apple</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense"> Os Problemas da
+Licença Plan 9</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1998]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"> A Licença Pública Netscape Possui
+Problemas Sérios</a>. Uma <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
+versão antiga deste artigo</a> também está disponÃvel.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1998]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/netscape.html"> Netscape e Software Livre</a> â um
+artigo antigo que esclarece alguns mal entendidos sobre um anúncio pela
+Netscape.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1997]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense"> A Nova Licença Motif</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";
-id="SequentialIPandI">Inovação Sequencial, Patentes e Imitação</a> é um
-artigo que apresenta um modelo matemático demonstrando como as patentes
-podem impedir o progresso em áreas como software.</li>
+<h4 id="traps">Armadilhas de licenciamento</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2009-2019]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> A Armadilha do Javascript</a>
+(por RMS) â Você deve está utilizando software não livre em seu computador
+todos os dias sem perceber â através de seu navegador web.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004-2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap"> Livre Porém Acorrentado
+- A Armadilha do Java</a> (por RMS) â Embora a Sun tenha <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";> licenciado
+novamente</a> a maioria das implementações de referência da plataforma Java
+sob a Licença Pública Geral GNU, o problema descrito neste artigo ainda é
+importante.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1998-2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/x.html"> A armadilha do X Window System</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2006]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html"> O curioso incidente da Sun no
+perÃodo noturno</a> (por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/hague.html">O Perigo da Haia</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">Opondo à Diretiva de
Patente de
-Software Europeu</a>, uma versão ligeiramente modificada do artigo
-originalmente publicado em <a
-href="http://www.theguardian.com/international";> The Guardian</a> de
-Londres, por Richard Stallman e Nick Hill.</li>
+<h3 id="Laws">Problemas legais</h3>
- <li><a
+<h4 id="patents">Patentes</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html"> Dando à Proteção da Ãrea de
+Software contra Patentes</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html"> âPatente unitáriaâ da
+Europa poderia significar patentes de softwares ilimitadas</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000-2007]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd cases/"> âPropriedade
+Intelectualâ da EFF: Arquivos de casos de DVD da MPAA (Motion Picture
+Association of America)</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2006]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html"> A Anatomia de uma Patente
+Trivial</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html"> Novo Monopólio da
+Microsoft</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business";>
-Venda suave</a>. Comentários do Richard Stallman sobre a derrota da diretiva
-de software da União Europeia. Publicado no <i>The Guardian</i> em 2005.</li>
-
- <li><a
-href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit";>
-Absurdo da patente</a>, um artigo por Richard M. Stallman publicado no
-<i>The Guardian</i> em 2005.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">Bill Gates e
-Outros Comunistas</a>. Um artigo por Richard Stallman publicado na CNET
-News.com em 2005.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">A Anatomia de uma Patente
-Trivial</a>, por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html"
+Venda suave</a> (por RMS, no <i>theguardian.com</i>) â Comentários sobre a
+derrota da diretiva de software da União Europeia.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html"> Bill Gates e
+Outros Comunistas</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
+id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents"> Patentes de Software e Patentes Literárias</a>
+(por RMS) â Fala sobre patentear técnicas artÃsticas, patente dos EUA
+(6.935.954), abrange a criação de personagens do jogo começa a ter
+alucinações quando (de acordo com o jogo) estão a ser levado à loucura.
Isso
+está ficando muito perto dos exemplos hipotéticos citados neste artigo.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html"
id="FightingSoftwarePatents"> Combatendo Patentes de Sofware - Uma a uma e
-Todas Juntas</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/software-patents.html">Patentes de software —
-Obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de software</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
-id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents"> Patentes de Software e Patentes
-Literárias</a>, por Richard M. Stallman. Fala sobre patentear técnicas
-artÃsticas, patente dos EUA (6.935.954), abrange a criação de personagens do
-jogo começa a ter alucinações quando (de acordo com o jogo) estão a ser
-levado à loucura. Isso está ficando muito perto dos exemplos hipotéticos
-citados neste artigo.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Por que não há arquivos GIF nas
páginas web
-do GNU</a>. Embora esta história é uma ilustração histórica do perigo de
-patentes de software, estas patentes particulares são agora já não uma
-preocupação. Para mais detalhes sobre as <a
-href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics">polÃticas de GIFs</a>
-do nosso site, veja nossas <a href="/server/standards/"> diretrizes de
-web</a>.</li>
+Todas Juntas</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2005]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
+href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit";>
+Absurdo da patente</a> (por RMS, no <i>theguarding.com</i>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html"> Posição da FSF sobre a PolÃtica de
+Patentes âLivre de Royaltyâ do W3 Consortium</a> (reescrito)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html"> Opondo-se à Diretiva de Patente
+de Software da Europa</a> (por RMS e Nick Hill)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+Em <a
+href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research";>
+Cientistas de Princeton Processam Por Causa de Pesquisa Reprimida</a>
+(comunicado à imprensa em <i>eff.org</i>) â Em <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>,
+cientistas estão pedindo a uma corte para determinar que o Digital
+Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) não os proÃba de publicar sua pesquisa.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/hague.html"> O Perigo de Haia</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";
+id="SequentialIPandI">Inovação Sequencial, Patentes e Imitação</a> (por
+James Bessen e Eric Maskin, em <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>, arquivado) â
+Este artigo apresenta um modelo matemático demonstrando como as patentes
+podem impedir o progresso em áreas como software.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html"> Carta do RMS para Tim
+O'Reilly</a> sobre uma declaração por Jeff Bezos, CEO da Amazon, sobre a
+duração das patentes de software.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html"> Sucesso do Boicote à Amazon!</a> (uma
+carta de Nat Friedman para RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/amazon.html"> (Anteriormente) Boicote à Amazon!</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html"> Método e sistema para realizar uma
+ordem de compra por rede de comunicação</a> â Patente da Amazon com
+observações do RMS</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1997]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/gif.html"> Por que não há arquivos GIF nas páginas web
+do GNU</a> â Embora esta história seja uma ilustração histórica do
perigo de
+patentes de software, estas patentes particulares já não são agora uma
+preocupação. Para mais detalhes sobre as polÃticas de GIFs do nosso site,
+veja nossas <a
+href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">diretrizes
+de web</a>.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html"> Salvando a Europa das Patentes de
+Software</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/protecting.html"> Ajude a Proteger os Direitos de
+Escrever Software Livre e Não Livre</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html"> Reforma de Patente
+Não é o Suficiente</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="copyright">Copyright</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">Quando uma Empresa Pede
Por
-Seu Copyright</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">Por Que Eu Não
Assinarei
-o Manifesto de DomÃnio Público</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">Como a Plataforma do Partido
Pirata
-Sueco Atrapalha o Software Livre</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Erros de
Interpretação
-de Copyright</a> é outro artigo do Richard Stallman sobre as falhas em
-defesas populares das leis de direitos autorais.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">Resumo do Amicus Curiae da FSF
no
-caso Eldred v. Ashcroft na Suprema Corte</a></li>
-
- <li>A <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">ciência deve
âcolocar os
-direitos autorais de ladoâ</a>, outro trabalho de <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> que apareceu no <a
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html"> Erros de Interpretação
+de Copyright â Uma série de erros</a> (por RMS) â Sobre as falhas em
defesas
+populares das leis de direitos autorais.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html"> Reavaliando Direitos
+Autorais: O público deve prevalecer</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2010]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html"> Por Que Eu Não Assinarei
+o Manifesto de DomÃnio Público</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2008]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html"> Liberdade â ou Direitos
+autorais?</a> (por RMS) [<a
+href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">versão antiga</a>]</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html"> Resumo do Amicus Curiae da FSF no
+caso <cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> na Suprema Corte</a> (por Eben
Moglen)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+A <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html"> Ciência deve âcolocar os
+direitos autorais de ladoâ</a> ( por RMS, publicado pela primeira vez em <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";>
-Nature Webdebates</a> em 2001, explica como os direitos autorais tem
-impedido o progresso na pesquisa cientifica. Você também pode estar
-interessado em <a href="https://www.plos.org/";>A Livraria Pública de
-Ciência</a>, que se dedica a tornar a pesquisa cientÃfica livremente
-disponÃvel para todos na Internet.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reavaliando Direitos
-Autorais: O público deve prevalecer</a></li>
-
- <li><a
-href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html";>
-Eldred v. Reno</a> é sobre um processo legal para abolir uma lei que estende
-o copyright por 20 anos extra.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">Liberdade — ou
-Direitos autorais?</a>, by Richard Stallman (uma <a
-href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">versão antiga</a> deste
-artigo continua disponÃvel.)</li>
-
- <li>Uma <a
-href="https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>
-tradução em inglês da famosa decisão da Corte Distrital de Munique</a>
sobre
-a validade e aplicabilidade da GPL. A tradução foi feita pelo Oxford
-Internet Institute.</li>
-
-<!-- This link is broken
+<cite>Nature Webdebates</cite></a> em 2001) â Este artigo explica como os
+direitos autorais têm impedido o progresso na pesquisa cientifica. Você
+também pode estar interessado em <a href="https://www.plos.org/";>A Livraria
+Pública de Ciência</a>, que se dedica a tornar a pesquisa cientÃfica
+livremente disponÃvel para todos na Internet.</li>
<li>
-<a href="http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm";>Examples of
- Excellent Copyright Policies</a></li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2001]</span>'
-->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm";>
+Exemplos de PolÃticas Excelentes de Direitos Autorais</a> (no
+<i>humaninfo.org</i>, arquivado)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
+href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html";>
+A petição inicial do caso <cite>Eldred v. Reno</cite></a> (em
+<i>harvard.edu</i>) â Uma ação judicial para abolir uma lei que estende o
+copyright por 20 anos extra.</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="drm">Gestão Digital de Restrições</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html"> Corrigindo Meu Erro
-sobre a Legislação Francesa</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">O Problema é o
Software
-Controlado pelo seu Desenvolvedor</a>, por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">âProgressoâ na
computação: bom
-e ruim</a>, por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">Opondo-se a Má Gestão Digital
de
-Direitos</a>, por Richard M. Stallman, responde a algumas perguntas comuns
-sobre DRM.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Ebooks: Liberdade ou Copyright </a> uma
-versão ligeiramente modificada do artigo, originalmente publicado na
-Technology Review em 2000, por Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"> Ebooks devem
-aumentar nossa liberdade, não diminuÃ-la</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Você pode confiar no seu
-computador?</a>, um trabalho por Richard Stallman sobre as chamadas
-iniciativas âcomputação confiávelâ.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">O Direito de Ler: Uma História
-Breve de uma Distopia</a> por Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="noip">O termo de propaganda â<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">Propriedade
+intelectual</a>â</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> Você Disse âPropriedade Intelectualâ?
Ã
+uma Miragem Sedutora</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html"> A curiosa história de Comongistão
+(Detonando o termo âpropriedade intelectualâ)</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2006]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html"> Não Deixe âPropriedade
Intelectualâ
+Mexer Com Seu Ethos</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> Você Disse âPropriedade Intelectualâ?
Ã
+uma Miragem Sedutora</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html"> Rejeite a diretiva de imposição de
+PI</a> â Comentários sobre a rejeição desta diretiva pela Coalizão
+Internacional pelas Liberdades Civis.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html"> Revisão: Boldrin e Levine, âO
+caso contra a propriedade intelectualâ</a> (por RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="noip">O termo de propaganda <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty"> âPropriedade
-intelectualâ</a></h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">A Curiosa História de Komongistan
-(Detonando o termo âpropriedade intelectualâ)</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">Não Deixe âPropriedade
Intelectualâ
-Mexe Com Seu Ethos</a>, por Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="sco">Resposta aos ataques da SCO</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003-2004]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html"> Posição da FSF em relação aos ataques
da
+SCO ao Software Livre</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html"> SCO, GNU e Linux</a> (por RMS)
+â Como o ação judicial da SCO contra a IBM afeta o trabalho do projeto
GNU.</li>
+</ul>
- <li>Comentários de Richard Stallman sobre <a
href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">a
-rejeição do <abbr title="coalisão internacional de liberdades
-civis">ICLC</abbr> da diretiva relativa à execução IP</a></li>
- <li>Richard Stallman escreveu <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">uma
-revisão de âO caso contra a propriedade intelectualâ de Boldrin e
-Levine.</a></li>
+<h3 id="cultural">Problemas Sociais e Culturais</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Você Disse âPropriedade
Intelectualâ? Ã
-uma Miragem Sedutora</a>. Um ensaio sobre o verdadeiro significado da frase
-âPropriedade Intelectualâ, por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="society">Sociedade digital</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html"> A Lei de Stallman</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html"> Inclusão Digital é
+uma Coisa Boa? Como Podemos Ter Certeza De Que é?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2007]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html"> âProgressoâ na computação:
+bom e ruim</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2003]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/wsis.html"> Cimeira Mundial sobre a Sociedade da
+Informação</a> (por RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="ns">Serviços de Rede</h4>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
Serviços
-de Rede Não São Livres ou Não Livres; Eles Criam Outros Problemas</a> um
-artigo por Richard Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">A Quem
Aquele
-Servidor Realmente Serve?</a> por Richard Stallman publicado na <a
-href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
-Boston Review.</a></li>
+<h4 id="drm">Gestão digital de restrições</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2006]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html"> Opondo-se a Má Gestão Digital de
+Direitos</a> (por RMS) â Responde a algumas perguntas comuns sobre DRM.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html"> Você pode confiar no seu
+computador?</a> (por RMS) â Sobre as chamadas iniciativas âcomputação
+confiávelâ.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html"> Jogos não livres sem DRM no
+GNU/Linux Bom ou Ruim?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html"> Corrigindo Meu Erro
+sobre a Legislação Francesa</a> (por RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="cultural">Problemas Sociais e Culturais</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">Lei do Stallman</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">Pagamento anônimo por
-telefone</a></li>
-
- <li><a
-href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>
-Uma proposta radical para manter seus dados pessoais seguros</a>, por
-Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">Testemunho de
-vigilância</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> Por que o Advogado do Diabo
Não
-Ajuda a Alcançar a Verdade</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> Por que hackathons devem insistir
no
-software livre</a>, por Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html"> Neutralidade
-Tecnológica e Software Livre</a> por Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">Qual o NÃvel de
-Vigilância Que a Democracia Pode Suportar?</a> por Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">Jogos Não Livres com DRM no
-GNU/Linux: Bom ou Ruim?</a> por Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="ns">Serviços de rede</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2010-2020]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> A Quem Aquele
+Servidor Realmente Serve?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2020]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html"> Publicando vÃdeos</a> (por
RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2015]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html"> O Que Há de Errado com
+YouTube</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2014]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html"> O erro que
+ninguém tem permissão para entender</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html"> Um usuário sábio julga
+cuidadosamente cada cenário de uso da internet</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html"> Mantenha o
+controle de sua computação, senão ela vai controlar você!</a> (por
RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li> <a
+<h4 id="access">Acessando cultura</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996-2016]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"> O Direito de Ler: Uma História
+Breve de uma Distopia</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"> Ebooks devem
+aumentar nossa liberdade, não diminuÃ-la</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2011]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> O Perigo dos e-books</a>
+(por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2010]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman";>
Projeto de lei de economia digital: Um palhaço dá e outro palhaço tira</a>
-por Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html"> Inclusão
Digital é
-uma Coisa Boa? Como Podemos Ter Certeza De Que é?</a> por Richard
Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">Cimeira Mundial sobre a Sociedade da
-Informação</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">Voluntários em criptografia de
software
-necessários em paÃses sem controle de exportação</a>.</li>
-
- <li>Como Proteger as <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"> Liberdades de
-Expressão, Imprensa e Associação na Internet</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Proteja a Privacidade
Postal</a>,
-uma campanha para resistir a regra proposta pelo Serviço Postal dos Estados
-Unidos para coletar informações privadas de clientes.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Por Que Temos de Lutar Contra
UCITA</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">Software Livre e (e-)Governo</a>
-— um arquivo do The Guardian, por Richard Stallman (originalmente
-publicado sob o tÃtulo âSegunda vistaâ).</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html"> Software
Livre e
-Desenvolvimento Sustentável</a> — Um pequeno artigo de Richard
-Stallman sobre o uso de software privativo no desenvolvimento cultural.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html"> Mantenha o
-controle de sua computação, senão ela vai controlar você!</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html"> Um usuário sábio julga
-cuidadosamente cada cenário de uso da Internet</a></li>
+(por RMS, em <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html"> E-books: Liberdade ou Copyright</a> (por
+RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"> A Enciclopédia e Recurso de
+Aprendizagem Livre Universal</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html"> Congresso dos EUA Ameaça
+Estabelecer um Novo Tipo de Monopólio</a> â uma tentativa do Congresso de
+criar um monopólio privado por meio de repetição de informações de
+conhecimento público.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html"> Pare H.R. 3028 - Proteja a Rede -
+Pare os Monopolistas de Marcas Registradas</a> (por Marc Rotenberg)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html"> Comentários sobre o
+Artigo do Roderick Long</a> (por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">O Perigo dos
e-books</a></li>
+<h4 id="funding">Financiando obras culturais</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html"> Financiamento de
+Arte vs Financiamento de Software</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1992]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/dat.html"> A Forma Correta de Taxar DAT</a> (por RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html"> Ã
Realmente Uma
-Coisa Boa Usar um Programa Não Livre?</a>, por Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="evils">Vigilância, censura, aprisionamento, etc.</h4>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> Cuidado com o
âSuporteâ
-Contraditório</a></li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2013… ]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html"> Software privativo frequentemente é
+<em>malware</em></a> â Casos claramente estabelecidos de software privativo
+que faz coisas malvadas com os usuários.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[2015-2019]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html"> Qual o NÃvel de
+Vigilância Que a Democracia Pode Suportar?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2021]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html"> Uma loja de aplicativos da
+pior espécie</a> (por Alexandre Oliva)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2018]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html"> Pagamento anônimo por
+telefone</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2018]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>
+Uma proposta radical para manter seus dados pessoais seguros</a> (por RMS,
+em <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2018]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html"> Testemunho de
+vigilância</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2012]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html"> Spyware do Ubuntu: O Que
+Fazer?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2009]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html"> A Microsoft é o Grande Satã?</a> (<a
+href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">versão antiga</a>)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2008]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html"> O Problema é o Software
+Controlado pelo seu Desenvolvedor</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2008]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/gates.html"> Isto não é o Gates, isto é o bars</a> (por
+RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html"> O Acordo de Wassenaar</a> â
+Voluntários em criptografia de software necessários em paÃses sem controle
+de exportação.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html"> Declaração da FSF em resposta ao
+julgamento final revisado proposto em <cite>Microsoft contra os Estados
+Unidos</cite></a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2000]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html"> Sobre o Veredicto da
+Microsoft</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html"> O Julgamento de Antitruste
+da Microsoft e Software Livre</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html"> Proteja a Privacidade Postal</a>
+(por Kathleen Ellis) â uma campanha para resistir à regra proposta pelo
+Serviço Postal dos Estados Unidos para coletar informações privadas de
+clientes.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"> Liberdades de Expressão, Imprensa
+e Associação</a> â Como Proteger as liberdades na Internet.</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html"> Censurando Meu Software</a> (por
+RMS)</li>
</ul>
+
<h3 id="terminology">Terminologias e Definições</h3>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> Hardware Livre e
Projetos
-de Hardware Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Palavras Confusas</a> que Você
-Pode Querer Evitar</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">
-Conscientização Pública sobre Copyright, WIPO, Junho de 2002</a>. Sobre como
-WIPO reconhece que seu sistema é projetado para restringir o público, e como
-eles propõe para modificar a terminologia de forma que as pessoas não
-perceberia.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Por que o Código
-Aberto não compartilha dos objetivos do Software Livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">âSoftware de
Código
-Abertoâ ou âSoftware Livreâ?</a> (Este é um antigo ensaio sobre o mesmo
-tópico que o anterior.)</li>
- <li>Richard Stallman escreveu <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html"> uma
-carta para o editor</a> do Dr. Dobb's Journal em Junho de 2001 que explica a
-distinção entre o movimentos do Software Livre e Código Aberto.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categorias de Softwares Livres e
Não
-Livres</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> O Que Significa Seu
Computador
-Ser Leal?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Tradução do termo
âsoftware
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+*[1996… ]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"> Palavras para Evitar (ou Usar com
+Cuidado) Porque São Carregadas de Sentido ou Confusas</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1999… ]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html"> Tradução do termo âsoftware
livreâ</a> em vários idiomas.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Por Que Chamá-lo de
-Swindle?</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[1996-2019]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html"> Categorias de Softwares Livres e Não
+Livres</a></li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2013]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"> Por Que Chamá-lo de
+Swindle?</a> (por RMS)</li>
+ <li>
+ <!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
+[2002]</span>'
+ -->
+<!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+<a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">
+Conscientização Pública sobre Copyright, WIPO, Junho de 2002</a> â Sobre
+como WIPO reconhece que seu sistema é projetado para restringir o público, e
+como eles propõe para modificar a terminologia de forma que as pessoas não
+perceberia.</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="upholding">Mantendo-se Fiel à Liberdade de Software</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Dizer não à computação
-injusta mesmo uma vez é ajudar</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">Festivais de Instalação:
O que
-fazer com o pacto com o diabo</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">Qual é a forma correta de
-atualizar uma instalação do Windows?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">A comunidade de Software
Livre
-após 20 anos</a>, Com grande mas incompleto sucesso, e agora?</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Obrigado, Larry McVoy</a>, por Richard
-M. Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html"> Superando a Inércia
Social</a>,
-por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Evitando Compromissos
Ruinosos</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> Software
Livre
-é Ainda Mais Importante Agora</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3 id="misc">Diversos</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">Publicando vÃdeos</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">Casos claramente estabelecidos de
-software privativo que faz coisas malvadas com os usuários</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/practical.html">As vantagens do software
livre</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">A Falha que
-Ninguém Está Autorizado a Compreender</a>, por Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">O Curioso Incidente da Sun
Ã
-Noite</a>, por Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU e Linux</a>, por
-Richard Stallman, discute como o processo da SCO contra a IBM afeta o
-trabalho do projeto GNU. Por favor, consulte a <a
-href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">Página da FSF com Resposta à SCO</a> para
-mais detalhes sobre este assunto.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">Declaração da FSF em resposta
Ã
-julgamento final revisado proposto em Microsoft contra os Estados Unidos,
-apresentada ao Departamento de Justiça dos EUA sob o âTunney
Actâ</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">Congresso dos EUA Ameaça
Estabelecer
-um Novo Tipo de Monopólio </a>, uma tentativa do Congresso de criar um
-monopólio privado por meio de repetição de informações de conhecimento
-público.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/dat.html">A Forma Correta de Taxar DAT</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Censurando Meu Software</a>,
por
-Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">Financiamento
de
-Arte vs Financiamento de Software</a>, por Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html"> Android e Liberdade
-dos Usuários</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">Spyware do Ubuntu: O Que
-Fazer?</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">O Que Há de Errado
com
-YouTube</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape e Software Livre</a>, um
artigo
-antigo que clarifica alguns mal entendidos sobre um anúncio pela
Netscape.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">Comentários sobre o
-Artigo do Roderick Long</a>.</li>
-</ul>
<h3 id="humor">Humor Filosófico</h3>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Humor filosófico</a>. Nós não
temos que
-ser sérios <i>todo</i> o tempo.</li>
-</ul>
+<p><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Ria junto com (a Filosofia do) GNU</a>
+â Não precisamos ser sérios o tempo <i>todo</i>.</p>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -687,7 +1486,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/07/30 18:01:57 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html 3 May 2021 15:04:18 -0000
1.4
+++ free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.5
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por que âSoftware Livreâ é melhor que âCódigo Abertoâ - GNU
Project - Free
@@ -9,14 +12,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Por que âSoftware Livreâ é melhor que âCódigo Abertoâ</h2>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>Este artigo foi substituÃdo por uma grande reescrita, <a
+<div class="infobox" style="font-style: italic">
+<p>Este artigo foi substituÃdo por uma grande reescrita, <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">âCódigo Abertoâ não
compartilha dos objetivos do Software Livre</a>, que é muito melhor. Nós
-mantemos esta versão por razões históricas.</p></blockquote>
+mantemos esta versão por razões históricas.</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
Enquanto o software livre por qualquer outro nome lhe daria a mesma
@@ -25,7 +33,7 @@
<p>
Em 1998, algumas pessoas da comunidade de software livre começaram a usar o
-termo <a href="https://opensource.org/";>âsoftware de código abertoâ</a> em
+termo <a href="https://opensource.org";>âsoftware de código abertoâ</a> em
vez de <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">âsoftware livreâ</a> para
descrever o que eles fazem. O termo âcódigo abertoâ <i lang="en">(open
source)</i> rapidamente se tornou associado a uma abordagem diferente, uma
@@ -335,7 +343,7 @@
<p>
Em uma feira no final de 1998, dedicada ao sistema operacional muitas vezes
-referido como <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">âLinuxâ</a>, o orador em
+referido como â<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux</a>â, o orador em
destaque era um executivo de uma empresa de software proeminente. Ele
provavelmente foi convidado por conta da decisão de sua empresa de
âapoiarâ
esse sistema. Infelizmente, a forma deles de âapoiarâ consiste em lançar
@@ -373,8 +381,7 @@
comunidade são importantes para seu próprio bem – não apenas para a
conveniência que elas trazem – junte-se a nós usando o termo
âsoftware
livreâ.</p>
-
-<hr />
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<!-- The archived version is truncated.
<p>
@@ -383,20 +390,22 @@
<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080703140137/http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>Live
and
let license [archived]</a> that gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
-->
+<h3 class="footnote">Nota</h3>
<p>
O <a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>artigo
+href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>artigo
sobre a motivação dos desenvolvedores de software livre</a>, de Lakhani e
Wolf, diz que uma fração considerável deles é motivada pela visão de que o
software deveria ser livre. Isso ocorreu apesar do fato de que eles
pesquisaram os desenvolvedores no SourceForge, um site que não apoia a visão
de que essa é uma questão ética.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -406,7 +415,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
@@ -426,7 +435,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -436,12 +445,11 @@
<a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
-para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e o
envio de
-traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016, 2020 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998-2003, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
@@ -453,18 +461,19 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>,
-2019-2020. <br/>
+2019-2021. <br/>
Revisado por: Cassiano Reinert Novais dos Santos <a
href="mailto:caco@posteo.net";><caco@posteo.net></a>, 2019.</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/05/03 15:04:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: latest-articles.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/latest-articles.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- latest-articles.pt-br.html 3 Jun 2021 18:29:04 -0000 1.7
+++ latest-articles.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.8
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
</div>
<ul>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Foguetes devem ter apenas
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html">Uma loja de aplicativos da
pior
+espécie</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Foguetes devem ter apenas
software livre? Software e applicances livres</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Dizer não à computação
injusta mesmo uma vez é ajudar</a></li>
@@ -50,12 +52,6 @@
livre depende de não livre</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> Aplicando os
critérios
de software livre</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">A curiosa história de Comongistão
-(Detonando o termo âpropriedade intelectualâ)</a></li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> Hardware livre e projetos
-de hardware livre</a></li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> O que significa para você que
-seu computador seja leal?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/06/03 18:29:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: no-word-attachments.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- no-word-attachments.pt-br.html 3 May 2021 15:04:18 -0000 1.13
+++ no-word-attachments.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Nós Podemos Pôr um Fim aos Anexos do Word - Projeto GNU - Free
Software
@@ -14,10 +17,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Nós Podemos Pôr um Fim aos Anexos [de e-mail] do Word</h2>
-<p>por <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">por Richard Stallman</address>
<p>
Você não odeia receber documentos do Word em mensagens de e-mail? Anexos do
@@ -142,7 +148,7 @@
Dado o tamanho de nossa comunidade, apenas ao pedir nós podemos fazer a
diferença.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>Você enviou o anexo no formato do Microsoft Word, um formato secreto e
@@ -157,13 +163,11 @@
em larga escala do GNU/Linux. Você poderia reconsiderar o uso do formato do
Word em sua comunicação com outras pessoas?</em></p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
(Nota explicatória: Eu posso lidar com ODF também, mais não é muito
conveniente para mim, então eu não incluo-o na minha lista de
sugestões.)</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>Você enviou o anexo no formato do Microsoft Word, um formato secreto e
@@ -178,11 +182,11 @@
<p>
<em>Receber anexos do Word é ruim para você porque eles podem carregar vÃrus
-(veja http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)). Enviar anexos
-do Word é ruim para você porque um documento do Word normalmente inclui
-informações escondidas sobre as atividades do autor (possivelmente sobre as
-suas também). Texto que você removeu pode ser embaraçosamente
-descoberto. Veja http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3154479.stm para mais
+(veja https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus). Enviar anexos do Word é
+ruim para você porque um documento do Word normalmente inclui informações
+escondidas sobre as atividades do autor (possivelmente sobre as suas
+também). Texto que você removeu pode ser embaraçosamente descoberto. Veja
+http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3154479.stm para mais
informações.</em></p>
<p>
@@ -231,18 +235,16 @@
âImprimirâ e digite um nome para o arquivo PDF quando requisitado.</em></p>
<p>
-<em>Veja http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html para mais
+<em>Veja https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html para mais
detalhes sobre essa questão.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Eis outra abordagem, sugerida por Bob Chassell. Ela requer que você edite o
texto para o exemplo especÃfico, e presume que você tem um meio de extrair o
conteúdo do texto e de mostrar o seu tamanho.</p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
<em>Eu estou perplexo. Você preferiu me enviar 876,377 bytes na sua última
mensagem quando o conteúdo tem apenas 27,133 bytes?</em></p>
@@ -258,26 +260,24 @@
código, proÃbe empresários de iniciar nova empresas, e proÃbe profissionais
de oferecem os seus serviços. Por favor não dê a eles o seu apoio.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
John D. Ramsdell sugere que as pessoas desencorajam o uso de anexos
privativos fazendo uma pequena declaração em seu arquivo
-<kbd>.signature</kbd>:</p>
-
-<hr />
+<code>.signature</code>:</p>
<p>
<em>Por favor, evite me enviar anexos do Word ou do PowerPoint.<br />
-Veja http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
+Veja https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">Aqui está uma carta
resposta</a> a uma mensagem em e-mail com um anexo do Word.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Kevin Cole da Universidade Gallaudet em Washington, DC, <a
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@
automática</a> sempre que ele recebe um anexo do Word. (Eu penso que é
melhor enviar as respostas manualmente, e deixar claro que você o fez
porque, assim, as pessoas podem ter uma melhor recepção.)</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -324,8 +325,8 @@
<a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
-para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e o
envio de
-traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2019, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2008, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
@@ -358,16 +359,17 @@
href="mailto:fernando@lozano.eti.br";><fernando@lozano.eti.br></a>,
2002;
Rafael Fontenelle <a
-href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>,
2017-2020</div>
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>,
2017-2021</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/05/03 15:04:18 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- philosophy.pt-br.html 18 Aug 2021 16:31:53 -0000 1.54
+++ philosophy.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.55
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
<div class="right-column comment">
<hr class="no-display" />
<p class="announcement">
-Acesse <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/";>audio-video.gnu.org</a> para
+Consulte <a href="//audio-video.gnu.org/">audio-video.gnu.org</a> para
gravações de discursos do Richard Stallman.</p>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/08/18 16:31:53 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- shouldbefree.pt-br.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:21 -0000 1.19
+++ shouldbefree.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.20
@@ -9,18 +9,22 @@
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por que o Software Deveria Ser Livre - Projeto GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Por que o Software Deveria Ser Livre</h2>
<address class="byline">por <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p id="introduction">
A existência do software inevitavelmente levanta questões a respeito de como
deveria ser feito seu uso. Por exemplo, suponha que um indivÃduo que tem uma
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@
melhorar o software que nós escrevemos: em outras palavras, escrever <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">software âlivreâ</a>.<a
href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">Como os Donos Justificam Seu
Poder</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">Como os Donos Justificam Seu Poder</h3>
<p>
Aqueles que se beneficiam do sistema atual onde programas são propriedade
oferecem dois argumentos em suporte à suas reivindicações: o argumento
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@
sendo entre software privativo versus software inexistente é desvirtuar a
questão.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">O Argumento Contra Ter
Donos</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">O Argumento Contra Ter Donos</h3>
<p>
A questão é: âO desenvolvimento de software deveria ser ligado a ter
donos
para restringir sua utilização?â</p>
@@ -495,7 +499,7 @@
chance de sucesso dentro dos seus próprios termos limitados, mas não é o que
é bom para a sociedade.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Por Que as Pessoas Irão Desenvolver
Software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">Por Que as Pessoas Irão Desenvolver Software</h3>
<p>
Se nós eliminarmos a copyright como meio de estimular pessoas a desenvolver
software, no inÃcio menos software será desenvolvido, mas este software será
@@ -638,7 +642,7 @@
aprender a suportar os desenvolvedores sem coerção, assim como eles
aprenderam a suportar as estações públicas de rádio e televisão.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">O Que à Produtividade De Software?
</h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">O Que à Produtividade De Software? </h3>
<p>
Se o software fosse livre, ainda assim existiriam programadores, mas talvez
um número menor deles. Seria isto ruim para a sociedade?</p>
@@ -672,7 +676,7 @@
de âprodutividade de softwareâ focam somente no segundo, limitado, sentido
da frase, onde melhoria requer avanços tecnológicos difÃceis.</p>
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">A Competição à Inevitável?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">A Competição à Inevitável?</h3>
<p>
à inevitável que as pessoas tentem competir, sobrepujando seus rivais em
sociedade? Talvez sim. Mas competição por si só não é prejudicial; o que
é
@@ -715,7 +719,7 @@
especificamente proibidas. Os recursos da sociedade são gastos no
equivalente econômico da guerra civil faccionária.</p>
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">âPor Que Você Não Se Muda Pra
Rússia?â</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">âPor Que Você Não Se Muda Pra Rússia?â</h3>
<p>
Nos Estados Unidos, qualquer um que defenda outra coisa que não a mais
extrema forma de polÃtica egoÃsta de não intervencionismo tem ouvido
@@ -746,7 +750,7 @@
Assim, se nós temos que julgar pontos de vista pelas suas semelhanças com
o
Comunismo Russo, são os donos de software que são os Comunistas.</p>
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">A Questão das Premissas</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">A Questão das Premissas</h3>
<p>
Eu assumo neste documento que um usuário de software não é menos
importante
que um autor, ou até mesmo que o empregador de um autor. Em outras palavras,
@@ -787,7 +791,7 @@
concepção radical direitista em vez de uma tradicionalmente reconhecida
venha enfraquecer seu apelo.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusão</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusão</h3>
<p>
Nós gostamos de pensar que nossa sociedade estimula o auxÃlio mútuo; mas
cada vez que nós recompensamos alguém pelo seu obstrucionismo, ou o
@@ -810,7 +814,6 @@
nós iremos substituir a selva por um sistema mais eficiente que encoraja e
confia na cooperação voluntária.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Notas de Rodapé</h3>
@@ -838,13 +841,11 @@
programa cujo uso fosse considerado destrutivo.</li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
Livre, Sociedade Livre: Artigos selecionados de Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -889,8 +890,8 @@
contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
@@ -908,7 +909,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:21 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: software-literary-patents.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/software-literary-patents.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- software-literary-patents.pt-br.html 13 Dec 2020 22:29:26 -0000
1.32
+++ software-literary-patents.pt-br.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.33
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Patentes de Software e Patentes Literárias - Projeto GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,14 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Patentes de Software e Patentes Literárias</h2>
-<p>por <strong><a href="http://stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></strong></p>
-
-<p>
-<em>A primeira versão deste artigo foi publicada pela primeira vez em
-<cite>The Guardian</cite>, de Londres, em 23 de junho de 2005. Ela focava
-na diretiva proposta de patentes de software europeia.</em></p>
+<address class="byline">por <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>
Quando polÃticos consideram a questão de patentes de software, normalmente
@@ -215,11 +217,18 @@
software em perigo.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
-Livre, Sociedade Livre: Artigos selecionados de Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+<p>A primeira versão deste artigo foi publicada em <cite>The Guardian</cite>,
+de Londres, em 23 de junho de 2005. Ela focava na diretiva proposta de
+patentes de software europeia.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Este ensaio foi publicado em <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays de Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -229,7 +238,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
@@ -249,7 +258,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -259,8 +268,8 @@
<a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
-para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e o
envio de
-traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -279,7 +288,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2009, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
@@ -295,11 +304,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2020/12/13 22:29:26 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- po/essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html 10 Jul 2021 10:01:30 -0000
1.14
+++ po/essays-and-articles.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.15
@@ -4,11 +4,21 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Essays and Articles
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.toc { margin-bottom: 1em; }
+.toc ul { font-weight: normal; }
+.toc > ul > li { list-style-type: none; font-weight: bold; }
+@media (min-width:55em) { .toc > ul > li { display: inline-block; width: 95%;
}}
+.reduced-width > h3 { margin-top: 1.5em; border-bottom: 2px solid #bbb; }
+ ul.no-bullet li { text-indent: -1.5em; }
+ .date-tag { font-size: .875em; position: relative; bottom: .05em; }
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/philosophy-menu.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Essays and Articles</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>
@@ -17,46 +27,64 @@
free software movement, which is the motivation for our development of
the free software operating system GNU.</p>
-<p>A <a href="/philosophy/latest-articles.html">list of the latest
-published articles</a> is also available.</p>
-
-<p>
-<!-- please leave both these ID attributes here. ... -->
-<a id="TOCFreedomOrganizations">We</a>
-<a id="FreedomOrganizations">also</a>
-<!-- ... we removed this as an H$ section as it was duplicating the -->
-<!-- same information on links.html, but it's possible that some users -->
-<!-- have the URLs bookmarked or on their pages. -len -->
-keep a list of
-<a href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizations
-that Work for Freedom in
-Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a>.</p>
+<p>The most important articles are marked with asterisks, and listed first
+in each category. The other ones are in reverse chronological order.</p>
</div>
-<div class="summary" style="margin-top: 1.2em">
+<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display">Table of Contents</h3>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="#aboutfs">About Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="#aboutgnu">About the GNU Operating System</a></li>
- <li><a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Laws">Laws and Issues</a>
+<ul class="columns">
+ <li><a href="#aboutfs">About Free Software</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#principles">Principles</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#practice">Practice</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#extension">Extension to other areas</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#mix">Mixing free and nonfree</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#free-open">Free software and open source</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Project</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#fsmovement">The free software movement</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#need">The need for free software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#action">Guide for action</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#non-copyleft">Non-copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#traps">Licensing traps</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#Laws">Legal Issues</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#patents">Patents</a></li>
<li><a href="#copyright">Copyright</a></li>
- <li><a href="#drm">Digital Restrictions Management</a></li>
- <li><a href="#noip">The propaganda term “Intellectual
Property”</a></li>
- <li><a href="#ns">Network Services</a></li>
- <li><a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a></li>
- </ul></li>
+ <li><a href="#noip">The propaganda term “Intellectual
+ Property”</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#sco">Response to SCO's attacks</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#society">Digital society</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#drm">Digital restrictions management</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#ns">Network services</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#access">Accessing culture</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#funding">Funding cultural works</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Proprietary malware</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
<li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Definitions</a></li>
- <li><a href="#upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</a></li>
- <li><a href="#misc">Misc</a></li>
- <li><a href="#humor">Philosophical Humor</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Philosophical Humor</a></li>
</ul>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
-<div style="width: 47em; max-width: 100%">
<h3 id="aboutfs">About Free Software</h3>
<p>
Free software is a matter of freedom: people should be free to use
@@ -66,550 +94,974 @@
These possibilities make software as useful as it is; we believe
software users should be able to make use of them.</p>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">What is Free Software?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why
- Software Should Not Have Owners</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">Why
- Software Should Be Free</a> (This is an older and longer
- essay about the same topic as the previous one)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Why Free Software Needs
- Free Documentation</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html">
- When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free and
- Non-Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"> FLOSS and FOSS</a></li>
- <li><a href="/software/reliability.html">Free Software is More
Reliable!</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">
- When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
- “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">How Free Software and
- Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">Linux, GNU, and
- Freedom</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html"
- id="Gnutella">Regarding Gnutella</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/schools.html">Why Schools Should Use
- Exclusively Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">MyDoom and You</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">
- 15 Years of Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">Free Software
movement</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">
- Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">
- Motives For Writing Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Measures
- Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">Lesson from Uruguay</a>. The FSF
- learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html">
- Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a> —
- Freedom 0 must not be limited.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html">
- Imperfection is not the same as oppression</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html">
- Applying the Free Software Criteria</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3 id="aboutgnu">About the GNU Operating System</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial announcement of
- the GNU Operating System</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU Manifesto</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">Brief history of the GNU Project</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU Project</a>,
- a longer and more complete description of the project and its
- history.</li>
- <li><a href="/fsf/fsf.html">The official website of the Free Software
Foundation</a></li>
- <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></li>
+<h4 id="principles">Principles</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span
class="date-tag">*[1996… ]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">
+ What is Free Software?</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+ Free Software Is Even More Important Now</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">
+ Selling Free Software</a>
+ — This is OK!</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/programs-must-not-limit-freedom-to-run.html">
+ Why programs must not limit the freedom to run them</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — Freedom 0 must not be limited.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/your-freedom-needs-free-software.html">
+ Your Freedom Needs Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1994]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
+ Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1991]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">
+ Why Software Should Be Free</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — An older and longer essay about the same topic as the
+ previous one.</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">General information on licensing
- and copyleft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/license-list.html">A list of free and nonfree
- licenses, with comments</a>.</li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions About
- the GNU Licenses</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">Why You Shouldn't Use the
- Lesser GPL for Your Next Library</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">Copyleft</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">Why Copyleft?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/university.html">Releasing Free Software if
- You Work at a University</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic
Idealism</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Javascript Trap</a>.
- You may be running nonfree programs on your computer
- every day without realizing it—through your web browser.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html";>
- Censorship envy and licensing</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/x.html">The X Window System Trap</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">The Problems of the Apple
License</a></li>
- <li><a href="/licenses/bsd.html">The BSD License Problem</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">The Netscape Public License
- Has Serious Problems</a>. An <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">
- earlier version of this article</a> is also available.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/udi.html">The Free Software Movement and
UDI</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">It's not the Gates, it's the
- bars</a>, an article by Richard Stallman published in BBC News in
- 2008.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a>
- (An <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a> of
- this article is also available.)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">The Microsoft
- Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">On the Microsoft
Verdict</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">
- Microsoft's New Monopoly</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">
- Lest CodePlex perplex</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">
- The Problems of the Plan 9 License</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">
- The New Motif License</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">Using the GNU
FDL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">
- The GNU GPL and the American Way</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">
- The GNU GPL and the American Dream</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">
- Enforcing the GNU GPL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
- On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">
- Freedom or Power?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">
- We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">
- Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a> (Although Sun has
- <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>
- relicensed</a> most of its Java platform reference implementation
- under the GNU General Public License, the issue described in this
- article still remains important.)</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">GPL-compliant version
- of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a></li>
+<h4 id="practice">Practice</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1999-2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html">
+ When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a>
+ (by Benjamin Mako Hill)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html">
+ Applying the Free Software Criteria</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/imperfection-isnt-oppression.html">
+ Imperfection is not the same as oppression</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">
+ Android and Users' Freedom</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997-2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/software/reliability.html">
+ Free Software is More Reliable!</a></li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="Laws">Laws and Issues</h3>
-
-<h4 id="patents">Patents</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">Giving the Software
- Field Protection from Patents</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">FSF's Position on W3
- Consortium “Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a>
- rewritten</li>
-
- <li>How to Protect the <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">Right
- to Write Software</a> (whether it's free or not).</li>
-
- <li>In <a
href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research";>
- Felten v. RIAA</a>, scientists are asking a court to rule that the
- Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from
- publishing their research.</li>
-
- <li><a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd cases/">EFF
- “Intellectual Property”: MPAA (Motion Picture Association of
- America) DVD Cases Archive</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">Patent
- Reform Is Not Enough</a></li>
+<h4 id="extension">Extension to other areas</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">
+ Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2020]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">
+ Should Rockets Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">
+ Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">
+ What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+ Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/gnutella.html" id="Gnutella">
+ Regarding Gnutella</a></li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Saving Europe from
- Software Patents</a></li>
+<h4 id="mix">Mixing free and nonfree</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2016]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html">
+ When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">
+ Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">
+ Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/udi.html">
+ The Free Software Movement and UDI</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">Europe's
- “unitary patent” could mean unlimited software patents</a></li>
+<h4 id="free-open">Free software and open source</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2007-2021]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+ Why “Open Source” Misses the Point of Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">
+ How Free Software and Open Source Relate as Categories of Programs</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html">
+ FLOSS and FOSS</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html">
+ Linux, GNU, and Freedom</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">
+ Letter from RMS to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</a>
+ on the distinction between the free software and open source movements.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">
+ “Open Source Software” or “Free Software”?</a>
+ (replaced by <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+ Why “Open Source” Misses the Point of Free Software</a>)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">Boycott Amazon!</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">Amazon Boycott Success!</a>, a
- letter from Nat Friedman to Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">Letter from RMS to Tim
- O'Reilly</a> in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on
- the duration of software patents.</li>
+<h4>The GNU Project</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">The GNU Operating System</a>
+ — History, relationship with Linux, etc.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">Amazon's patent on a system
- for placing a purchase order over the internet</a>, with notes by Richard
- Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="fsmovement">The free software movement</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/";>
+ The official website of the Free Software Foundation</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">
+ The Free Software Community After 20 Years</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — With great but incomplete success, what now?</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">
+ 15 Years of Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-software-intro.html">
+ Free Software Movement</a></li>
+</ul>
- <li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";
- id="SequentialIPandI">Sequential Innovation, Patents, and
- Imitation</a> is a paper that presents a mathematical model showing
- how patents can impede progress in fields like software.</li>
+<h4 id="need">The need for free software</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2011-2017]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">
+ Measures Governments Can Use to Promote Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009-2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/education/edu-schools.html">
+ Why Schools Should Use Exclusively Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">
+ Technological Neutrality and Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/uruguay.html">
+ Lesson from Uruguay</a>
+ — The FSF learned something from a bill presented in Uruguay.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">
+ Free Software and (e-)Government</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html">
+ Free Software and Sustainable Development</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — A short article regarding the use of proprietary software in
+ cultural development.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/hague.html">Harm from the Hague</a>.</li>
+<h4 id="action">Guide for action</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2020]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">
+ Saying No to unjust computing even once is help</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">
+ Motives For Writing Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002-2020]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html" id="NoWordAttachments">
+ We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2019]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">
+ Install Fests: What to Do about the Deal with the Devil</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2019]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">
+ What Is the Right Way to Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html">
+ GNU Kind Communications Guidelines</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2017]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html">
+ Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html">
+ Beware of Contradictory “Support”</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html">
+ Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/practical.html">
+ The Advantages of Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">
+ How the Swedish Pirate Party Platform Backfires on Free Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/lest-codeplex-perplex.html">
+ Lest CodePlex perplex</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">
+ Why We Must Fight UCITA</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">
+ Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">
+ Overcoming Social Inertia</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/my_doom.html">
+ MyDoom and You</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">Opposing The European
- Software Patent Directive</a>, a slightly modified version of the
- article originally published in <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/international";>
- The Guardian</a> of London, by Richard Stallman and Nick Hill.</li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business";>
- Soft sell</a>. Richard Stallman's comments on the defeat of the EU
- software patenting directive. Published in <i>The Guardian</i> in 2005.</li>
+<h3 id="LicensingFreeSoftware">Licensing Free Software</h3>
- <li><a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit";>
- Patent absurdity</a>, an article by Richard M. Stallman published in
- <i>The Guardian</i> in 2005.</li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><a href="/licenses/licenses.html">
+ Licenses</a>
+ — General information on licensing and copyleft</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">Bill Gates
- and Other Communists</a>. An article by Richard Stallman published
- in CNET News.com in 2005.</li>
+<h4 id="copyleft">Copyleft</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">
+ Why Copyleft?</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1998]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">
+ Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009-2017]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
+ On Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">
+ When a Company Asks For Your Copyright</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/20050211.html";>
+ Censorship envy and licensing</a>
+ (by David “Novalis” Turner, on <i>fsf.org</i>)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>
+ English translation of the famous decision of the District Court of
+ Munich</a> regarding the enforceability and validity of the GPL (by
+ the translators of the Oxford Internet Institute, on
+ <i>oii.ox.ac.uk</i>)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/university.html">
+ Releasing Free Software if You Work at a University</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html" id="GPLAmericanWay">
+ The GNU GPL and the American Way</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-dream.html" id="GPLAmericanDream">
+ The GNU GPL and the American Dream</a>
+ (by Bradley M. Kuhn)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html" id="FreedomOrPower">
+ Freedom or Power?</a>
+ (by Bradley M. Kuhn and RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/rtlinux-patent.html">
+ GPL-compliant version of RTLinux Open Patent License in Works</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.html" id="EnforcingGPL">
+ Enforcing the GNU GPL</a>
+ (by Eben Moglen)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.html" id="UsingGFDL">
+ Using the GNU FDL</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">The Anatomy of a
- Trivial Patent</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
+<h4 id="non-copyleft">Non-copyleft</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">
+ FSF's Opinion of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) 2.0</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/plan-nine.html" id="PlanNineLicense">
+ The Problems of the (Earlier) Plan 9 License</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">
+ On the Netscape Public License</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ [<a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">
+ Netscape and Free Software</a>
+ — An old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about an
+ announcement by Netscape.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/motif.html" id="MotifLicense">
+ The New Motif License</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html"
id="FightingSoftwarePatents">
- Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together</a></li>
+<h4 id="traps">Licensing traps</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009-2019]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
+ JavaScript Trap</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — You may be running nonfree programs on your computer every day
+ without realizing it—through your web browser.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004-2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html" id="JavaTrap">
+ Free But Shackled - The Java Trap</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — Although Sun has
+ <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>
+ relicensed</a> most of its Java platform reference implementation under
+ the GNU General Public License, the issue described in this article
+ still remains important.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1998-2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/x.html">
+ The X Window System Trap</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">
+ The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/software-patents.html">Software patents —
- Obstacles to software development</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents">
- Software Patents and Literary Patents</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.
- Speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954)
- covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to
- the game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close
- to the hypothetical examples cited in this article.</li>
+<h3 id="Laws">Legal issues</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">Why there are no GIF files on GNU web
- pages</a>. While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of
+<h4 id="patents">Patents</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html">
+ Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/europes-unitary-patent.html">
+ Europe's “unitary patent” could mean unlimited software
+ patents</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000-2007]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="https://www.eff.org/search/site/dvd%20cases/";>
+ EFF “Intellectual Property”: MPAA (Motion Picture
+ Association of America) DVD Cases Archive</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/trivial-patent.html">
+ The Anatomy of a Trivial Patent</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-new-monopoly.html">
+ Microsoft's New Monopoly</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/aug/02/comment.business";>
+ Soft sell</a>
+ (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)
+ — Comments on the defeat of the EU software patenting directive.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html">
+ Bill Gates and Other Communists</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.html"
id="SoftwareLiteraryPatents">
+ Software Patents and Literary Patents</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — Speaking of patenting artistic techniques, US patent (6,935,954)
+ covers making game characters start to hallucinate when (according to the
+ game) they are being driven insane. That is getting pretty close to the
+ hypothetical examples cited in this article.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html"
id="FightingSoftwarePatents">
+ Fighting Software Patents—Singly and Together</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2005]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/jun/23/onlinesupplement.insideit";>
+ Patent absurdity</a>
+ (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html">
+ FSF's Position on W3 Consortium “Royalty-Free” Patent Policy</a>
+ (rewritten)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/guardian-article.html">
+ Opposing The European Software Patent Directive</a>
+ (by RMS and Nick Hill)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.eff.org/press/releases/princeton-scientists-sue-over-squelched-research";>
+ Princeton Scientists Sue Over Squelched Research</a>
+ (press release on <i>eff.org</i>)
+ — In <cite>Felten v. RIAA</cite>, scientists ask a court to rule that
the
+ Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not prohibit them from
+ publishing their research.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/hague.html">
+ Harm from the Hague</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815064858/http://www.researchoninnovation.org/patent.pdf";
+ id="SequentialIPandI">
+ Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation</a>
+ (by James Bessen and Eric Maskin, on <i>researchoninnovation.org</i>,
archived)
+ — This paper presents a mathematical model showing how patents can
+ impede progress in fields like software.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">
+ Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly</a>
+ in regard to a statement by Jeff Bezos, CEO of Amazon, on the duration of
+ software patents.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">
+ Amazon Boycott Success!</a>
+ (a letter from Nat Friedman to RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">
+ (Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">
+ Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications
+ network</a>
+ — Amazon patent with notes by RMS</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/gif.html">
+ Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages</a>
+ — While this story is a historical illustration of the danger of
software patents, these particular patents are now no longer a concern.
- For details of our website
- <a href="/server/fsf-html-style-sheet.html#UseofGraphics">
- policies regarding GIFs</a>, see our <a href="/server/standards/">
- web guidelines</a>.</li>
+ For details of our website policies regarding GIFs, see our <a
+ href="/server/standards/gnu-website-guidelines.html#UseofGraphics">web
+ guidelines</a>.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">
+ Saving Europe from Software Patents</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/protecting.html">
+ Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html">
+ Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="copyright">Copyright</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html">When a Company Asks
- For Your Copyright</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">Why I Will Not Sign
- the Public Domain Manifesto</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.html">How the Swedish Pirate Party
- Platform Backfires on Free Software</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">Misinterpreting
- Copyright</a> is another essay by Richard Stallman about the
- flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">FSF's Brief Amicus
- Curiae in the Eldred v. Ashcroft Supreme Court case</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">Science must
- “push copyright aside”</a>, another work of <a
- href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> that appeared in
- the <a
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html">
+ Misinterpreting Copyright—A Series of Errors</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — About the flaws in popular defenses of copyright law.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">
+ Reevaluating Copyright: The Public Must Prevail</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/public-domain-manifesto.html">
+ Why I Will Not Sign the Public Domain Manifesto</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">
+ Freedom—or Copyright?</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ [<a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html">
+ FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae in the <cite>Eldred v. Ashcroft</cite> Supreme
Court case</a>
+ (by Eben Moglen)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html">
+ Science must “push copyright aside”</a>
+ (by RMS, first published in <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";>
- Nature Webdebates</a> in 2001, explains how copyright is impeding
- progress in scientific research. You may also be interested in <a
- href="https://www.plos.org/";>The Public Library of
- Science</a>, which is dedicated to making scientific research freely
- available to all on the Internet.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/reevaluating-copyright.html">Reevaluating
- Copyright: The Public must prevail</a></li>
-
- <li><a
href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html";>
- Eldred v. Reno</a> is about a lawsuit to overturn a law that extends
- copyright by 20 extra years.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright.html">Freedom-Or
- Copyright?</a>, by Richard Stallman (an <a
- href="/philosophy/freedom-or-copyright-old.html">older version</a> of
- this essay remains online as well.)</li>
-
- <li>An <a
href="https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/research/gpl/OIIFB_GPL2_20040903.pdf";>
- English translation of the famous
- decision of the District Court of Munich</a> regarding the enforceability
and
- validity of the GPL. The translation was done by the Oxford Internet
- Institute.</li>
- <!-- This link is broken
- <li><a href="http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm";>Examples of
- Excellent Copyright Policies</a></li>
- -->
-</ul>
-
-<h4 id="drm">Digital Restrictions Management</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html">
- Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">The problem is
- software controlled by its developer</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">Computing
- “progress”: good and bad</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">Opposing Digital Rights
- Mismanagement</a>, by Richard M. Stallman, answers a few common
- questions about DRM.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">Ebooks: Freedom Or
- Copyright</a> a slightly modified version of the article, originally
- published in Technology Review in 2000, by Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">
- Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">Can you trust your
- computer?</a>, a work by Richard Stallman about the so-called
- “trusted computing” initiatives.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right to Read: A
- Dystopian Short Story</a> by Richard Stallman.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<h4 id="noip">The propaganda
-term <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">
-“Intellectual Property”</a></h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of
- Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">Don't Let
- “Intellectual Property” Twist Your Ethos</a>, by
- Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li>Comments from Richard Stallman
- on <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">the ICLC's rejection of the
- IP Enforcement Directive</a></li>
-
- <li>Richard Stallman has
- written <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">a review of
- Boldrin and Levine's “The case against intellectual
- property.”</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Did You Say
- “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>.
- An essay on the true meaning of the phrase “Intellectual
- Property”, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
+ <cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> in 2001)
+ — This article explains how copyright is impeding progress in
+ scientific research. You may also be interested
+ in <a href="https://plos.org/";>The Public Library of Science</a>,
+ which is dedicated to making scientific research freely available to all
+ on the Internet.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604075825/http://www.humaninfo.org/copyrigh.htm";>
+ Examples of Excellent Copyright Policies</a>
+ (on <i>humaninfo.org</i>, archived)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/cyber/complaint_orig.html";>
+ Original complaint in <cite>Eldred v. Reno</cite></a>
+ (on <i>harvard.edu</i>)
+ — A lawsuit to overturn a law that extends copyright by 20 extra
+ years.</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="ns">Network Services</h4>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
- Network Services Aren't Free or Nonfree; They Raise Other Issues</a> an
- article by Richard Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Who
- does that server really serve?</a> by Richard Stallman published
- in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
- Boston Review.</a></li>
+<h4 id="noip">The propaganda term “<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">Intellectual
+Property</a>”</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
+ Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">
+ The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual
+ property”)</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/no-ip-ethos.html">
+ Don't Let “Intellectual Property” Twist Your Ethos</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
+ Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive Mirage</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ipjustice.html">
+ Reject IP Enforcement Directive</a>
+ — Comments on the rejection of this directive by the International
+ Civil Liberties Coalition.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html">
+ Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The Case Against Intellectual
+ Property”</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h4 id="cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</h4>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">Stallman's Law</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">Anonymous
- Payment by Phone</a></li>
-
- <li><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>
- A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>, by Richard
- Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">Surveillance
- Testimony</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html">
- Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html">
- Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a>
- by Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.html">
- Technological Neutrality and Free Software</a>
- by Richard Stallman</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">How Much
- Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a> by Richard Stallman</li>
+<h4 id="sco">Response to SCO's attacks</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003-2004]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">
+ FSF's Position regarding SCO's attacks on Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">
+ SCO, GNU, and Linux</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — How SCO's lawsuit against IBM pertains to the work of the
+ GNU project.</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">Nonfree DRM'd Games on
- GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a> by Richard Stallman.</li>
- <li> <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman";>
- Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh
- away</a>, by Richard Stallman.</li>
+<h3 id="cultural">Cultural and Social Issues</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">
+<h4 id="society">Digital society</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/stallmans-law.html">
+ Stallman's Law</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">
Is Digital Inclusion A Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</a>
- By Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">World Summit on the Information
- Society</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">Encryption software
- volunteers needed in countries without export control</a>.</li>
-
- <li>How to Protect the <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">
- Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association</a> on the Internet.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">Protect Postal
- Privacy</a>, a campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United
- States Postal Service to collect private information from
- customers.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ucita.html">Why We Must Fight UCITA</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/second-sight.html">Free Software and
- (e-)Government</a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard
- Stallman (originally published under the title “Second
- Sight”).</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html">
- Free Software and Sustainable Development</a> — A short
- article by Richard Stallman regarding the use of proprietary
- software in cultural development.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html">
- Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html">
- A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">The Danger of
E-Books</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html">
- Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</a> By
- Richard Stallman.</li>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2007]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/computing-progress.html">
+ Computing “progress”: good and bad</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/wsis.html">
+ World Summit on the Information Society</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html">
- Beware of Contradictory “Support”</a></li>
+<h4 id="drm">Digital restrictions management</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2006]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/opposing-drm.html">
+ Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — Answers to a few common questions about DRM.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">
+ Can You Trust Your Computer?</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — About the so-called “trusted computing” initiatives.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/nonfree-games.html">
+ Nonfree DRM'd Games on GNU/Linux: Good or Bad?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html">
+ Correcting My Mistake about French Law</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="terminology">Terminology and Definitions</h3>
+<h4 id="ns">Network Services</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2010-2020]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+ Who does that server really serve?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2020]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">
+ Posting Videos</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2015]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">
+ What's Wrong with YouTube</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2014]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">
+ The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.html">
+ A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.html">
+ Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">
- Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words</a>
- which You Might Want to Avoid</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">
- Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a>. On how WIPO
- recognizes that their system is designed to restrict the public, and
- how they propose to modify terminology so that people won't notice.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why
- “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html">“Open
- Source Software” or “Free Software”?</a>
- (This is an older essay about the same topic as the previous one.)</li>
- <li>Richard Stallman wrote <a href="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html">
- letter to the editor</a> of Dr. Dobb's Journal in June 2001 which
further
- explains the distinction between the Free Software and Open Source
- movements.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free and
- Non-Free Software</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">
- What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations of the
- term “free software”</a> into various languages.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">Why call it the
- Swindle</a></li>
+<h4 id="access">Accessing culture</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996-2016]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">
+ The Right to Read: A Dystopian Short Story</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">
+ Ebooks must increase our freedom, not decrease it</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2011]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
+ The Danger of E-Books</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2010]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-economy-bill-richard-stallman";>
+ Digital economy bill: One clown giveth and the other clown taketh away</a>
+ (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
+ Ebooks: Freedom Or Copyright</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html">
+ The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">
+ U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a>
+ — An attempt of the Congress to create a private monopoly over
+ repeating publicly known information.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/stophr3028.html">
+ Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - Stop the Trademark Monopolists</a>
+ (by Marc Rotenberg)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">
+ Comments on Roderick Long's Article</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
</ul>
-<h3 id="upholding">Upholding Software Freedom</h3>
+<h4 id="funding">Funding cultural works</h4>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">
+ Funding Art vs Funding Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1992]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/dat.html">
+ The Right Way to Tax DAT</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Saying No to unjust
- computing even once is help</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">Install Fests:
- What to Do about the Deal with the Devil</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">What Is the Right Way to
- Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/use-free-software.html">The Free Software
- Community After 20 Years</a>, With great but incomplete success,
- what now?</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>,
- by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/social-inertia.html">
- Overcoming Social Inertia</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/compromise.html">Avoiding Ruinous
Compromises</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
- Free Software Is Even More Important Now</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<h3 id="misc">Misc</h3>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">Posting Videos</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">Clearly established
- cases of proprietary software that does nasty things to the
- users</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/practical.html">The advantages of free
- software</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
- Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>, By Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious
- Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</a>, by Richard M. Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/sco/sco-gnu-linux.html">SCO, GNU, and
- Linux</a>, by Richard Stallman, discusses how SCO's lawsuit against
- IBM pertains to the work of the GNU project. Please see
- the <a href="/philosophy/sco/sco.html">FSF SCO Response Page</a> for
- more details on this subject.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">FSF's Statement in
- Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in Microsoft vs. United
- States, submitted to the US Department of Justice under the Tunney
- Act</a>.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.html">U.S. Congress Threatens
- to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</a>, an attempt of the Congress
- to create a private monopoly over repeating publicly known
- information.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/dat.html">The Right Way to Tax DAT</a></li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Censoring My
- Software</a>, by Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/funding-art-vs-funding-software.html">Funding
- Art vs Funding Software</a>, by Richard Stallman.</li>
-
- <li><a href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html">
- Android and Users' Freedom</a></li>
+<h4 id="evils">Surveillance, censorship, lock-in, etc.</h4>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">Ubuntu Spyware: What to
Do?</a></li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span
class="date-tag">*[2013… ]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">
+ Proprietary Software Is Often Malware</a>
+ — Clearly established cases of proprietary software that does
+ nasty things to the users.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2015-2019]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">
+ How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2021]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html">
+ The WWWorst App Store</a>
+ (by Alexandre Oliva)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">
+ Anonymous Payment by Phone</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>
+ A radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>
+ (by RMS, on <i>theguardian.com</i>)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">
+ Surveillance Testimony</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2012]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.html">
+ Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2009]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">
+ Is Microsoft the Great Satan?</a>
+ [<a href="/philosophy/microsoft-old.html">older version</a>]</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.html">
+ The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2008]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/gates.html">
+ It's not the Gates, it's the bars</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/wassenaar.html">
+ The Wassenaar Arrangement</a>
+ — Encryption software volunteers needed in countries without
+ export control.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/ms-doj-tunney.html">
+ FSF's Statement in Response to Proposed Revised Final Judgment in
+ <cite>Microsoft v. United States</cite></a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2000]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-verdict.html">
+ On the Microsoft Verdict</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/microsoft-antitrust.html">
+ The Microsoft Antitrust Trial and Free Software</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/privacyaction.html">
+ Protect Postal Privacy</a>
+ (by Kathleen Ellis)
+ — A campaign to resist the proposed rule by the United States
+ Postal Service to collect private information from customers.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html">
+ Freedoms of Speech, Press, and Association</a>
+ — How to protect these freedoms on the Internet.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">
+ Censoring My Software</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+</ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html">What's Wrong with
- YouTube</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/netscape.html">Netscape and Free Software</a>,
- an old article that clarifies some misunderstandings about an
- announcement by Netscape.</li>
+<h3 id="terminology">Terminology and Definitions</h3>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html">Comments on
- Roderick Long's Article</a>.</li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span
class="date-tag">*[1996… ]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">
+ Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or
Confusing</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span
class="date-tag">[1999… ]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">
+ Translations of the term “free software”</a>
+ into various languages.</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1996-2019]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">
+ Categories of Free and Nonfree Software</a></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2013]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">
+ Why Call It The Swindle?</a>
+ (by RMS)</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2002]</span>'
+ --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' -->
+ <a href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html">
+ Public Awareness of Copyright, WIPO, June 2002</a>
+ (by RMS)
+ — How WIPO recognizes that their system is designed to restrict
+ the public, and how they propose to modify terminology so that people
+ won't notice.</li>
</ul>
+
<h3 id="humor">Philosophical humor</h3>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Philosophy Humor</a>.
- We don't have to be serious <i>all</i> the time.</li>
-</ul>
+<p><a href="/fun/humor.html#Philosophy">Laugh along with GNU (Philosophy)</a>
+— We don't have to be serious <i>all</i> the time.</p>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -668,7 +1120,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/07/10 10:01:30 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/essays-and-articles.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/essays-and-articles.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.90
retrieving revision 1.91
diff -u -b -r1.90 -r1.91
--- po/essays-and-articles.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:38:54 -0000 1.90
+++ po/essays-and-articles.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.91
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-19 07:56+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
@@ -684,8 +683,8 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\"> Free Software and (e-)Government</"
"a> (by RMS)"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\"> Software Livre e Governo "
-"(digital)</a> (por RMS)"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\"> Software Livre e Governo (digital)"
+"</a> (por RMS)"
#. #set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">
#. [2005]</span>'
@@ -2580,10 +2579,9 @@
#~ "GNU/Linux: Bom ou Ruim?</a> por Richard Stallman."
#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\">Free Software and "
-#~ "(e-)Government</a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard "
-#~ "Stallman (originally published under the title “Second "
-#~ "Sight”)."
+#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\">Free Software and (e-)"
+#~ "Government</a> — an article from The Guardian, by Richard Stallman "
+#~ "(originally published under the title “Second Sight”)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/second-sight.html\">Software Livre e (e-)Governo</"
#~ "a> — um arquivo do The Guardian, por Richard Stallman "
Index: po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br-en.html 13 Dec 2020 22:29:26 -0000
1.2
+++ po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.3
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open Source”
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open
Source”</h2>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>This article has been superseded by a major rewrite,
+<div class="infobox" style="font-style: italic">
+<p>This article has been superseded by a major rewrite,
<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">“Open
Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>, which is much
-better. We keep this version for historical reasons.</p></blockquote>
+better. We keep this version for historical reasons.</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
While free software by any other name would give you the same
@@ -20,7 +28,7 @@
<p>
In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using
-the term <a href="https://opensource.org/";>“open source
+the term <a href="https://opensource.org";>“open source
software”</a> instead of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free
software”</a> to describe what they do. The term “open
source”
quickly became associated with a different approach, a different
@@ -36,8 +44,8 @@
movement, the issue of whether software should be open source is a
practical question, not an ethical one. As one person put it, “Open
source is a development methodology; free software is a social
-movement.” For the Open Source movement, non-free software is a
-suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, non-free
+movement.” For the Open Source movement, nonfree software is a
+suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, nonfree
software is a social problem and free software is the solution.</p>
<h3 id="relationship">Relationship between the Free Software
@@ -72,7 +80,7 @@
obscured behind a group with different views. To prevent people from
thinking we are part of them, we take pains to avoid using the word
“open” to describe free software, or its contrary,
-“closed”, in talking about non-free software.</p>
+“closed,” in talking about nonfree software.</p>
<p>
So please mention the Free Software movement when you talk about the
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@
<p>
This rest of this article compares the two terms “free software”
and
-“open source”. It shows why the term “open source”
does not solve
+“open source.” It shows why the term “open source”
does not solve
any problems, and in fact creates some.</p>
<h3 id="ambiguity">Ambiguity</h3>
@@ -200,7 +208,7 @@
talk too.</p>
<p>
-At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet”, but not enough
+At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet,” but not enough
freedom talk. Most people involved with free software say little
about freedom—usually because they seek to be “more
acceptable to business.” Software distributors especially show
@@ -213,8 +221,8 @@
<p>
We are failing to keep up with the influx of free software users,
failing to teach people about freedom and our community as fast as
-they enter it. This is why non-free software (which Qt was when it
-first became popular), and partially non-free operating system
+they enter it. This is why nonfree software (which Qt was when it
+first became popular), and partially nonfree operating system
distributions, find such fertile ground. To stop using the word
“free” now would be a mistake; we need more, not less, talk about
freedom.</p>
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@
<p>
This did not actually say that the program <em>was</em> “open
-source”, but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note
+source,” but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note
that IBM was sincerely trying to make this program free software, and
later adopted a new license which does make it free software and
“open source”; but when that announcement was made, the program did
@@ -275,19 +283,19 @@
<p>
Unlike IBM, Cygnus was not trying to make these packages free
software, and the packages did not come close to qualifying. But
-Cygnus didn't actually say that these are “open source software”,
+Cygnus didn't actually say that these are “open source software,”
they just made use of the term to give careless readers that
impression.</p>
<p>
These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly
-prevented the confusion that comes with the term “open source”.</p>
+prevented the confusion that comes with the term “open source.”</p>
<h3 id="newinnovember">Misunderstandings(?) of “Open Source”</h3>
<p>
The Open Source Definition is clear enough, and it is quite clear that
-the typical non-free program does not qualify. So you would think
+the typical nonfree program does not qualify. So you would think
that “Open Source company” would mean one whose products are free
software (or close to it), right? Alas, many companies are trying to
give it a different meaning.</p>
@@ -314,16 +322,16 @@
<p>
Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software
-development. Some of these companies primarily developed non-free
+development. Some of these companies primarily developed nonfree
software, but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore
-their non-free products, and work with them on free software projects.
+their nonfree products, and work with them on free software projects.
Then we could honestly thank them afterward for their free software
contributions, without talking about the rest of what they did.</p>
<p>
We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let
us. These companies actively invite the public to lump all their
-activities together; they want us to regard their non-free software as
+activities together; they want us to regard their nonfree software as
favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it is not
one. They present themselves as “open source companies,” hoping
that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be
@@ -339,11 +347,11 @@
<p>
At a trade show in late 1998, dedicated to the operating system often
referred to
-as <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux”</a>, the
+as “<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux</a>,” the
featured speaker was an executive from a prominent software company.
He was probably invited on account of his company's decision to
“support” that system. Unfortunately, their form of
-“support” consists of releasing non-free software that
+“support” consists of releasing nonfree software that
works with the system—in other words, using our community as a
market but not contributing to it.</p>
@@ -378,9 +386,8 @@
Project, so we can help do that job. If you feel that freedom and
community are important for their own sake—not just for the
convenience they bring—please join us in using the term
-“free software”.</p>
-
-<hr />
+“free software.”</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<!-- The archived version is truncated.
<p>
@@ -388,24 +395,25 @@
<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080703140137/http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>Live
and
let license [archived]</a> that gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
-->
-
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
<p>
Lakhani and Wolf's
-<a
href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
+<a
href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable
fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free. This
was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge,
a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -423,16 +431,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016, 2020 Free Software
Foundation,
+<p>Copyright © 1998-2003, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -443,10 +451,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/13 22:29:26 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:39:39 -0000
1.13
+++ po/free-software-for-freedom.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.14
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-20 20:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
Index: po/latest-articles.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/latest-articles.pt-br-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/latest-articles.pt-br-en.html 3 Jun 2021 18:29:04 -0000 1.5
+++ po/latest-articles.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.6
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
</div>
<ul>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Should Rockets
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html">The WWWorst app
+ store</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Should Rockets
Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Saying No to unjust
computing even once is help</a></li>
@@ -46,12 +48,6 @@
When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html">
Applying the Free Software Criteria</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of
- Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a></li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html">
- Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a></li>
-<li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">
- What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
@@ -113,7 +109,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/06/03 18:29:04 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/latest-articles.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/latest-articles.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- po/latest-articles.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:42:23 -0000 1.17
+++ po/latest-articles.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.18
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-18 15:55+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
Index: po/no-word-attachments.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pt-br-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/no-word-attachments.pt-br-en.html 7 Jan 2020 19:01:41 -0000
1.4
+++ po/no-word-attachments.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.5
@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>We Can Put an End to Word Attachments
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights, word, attachment, word attachment, microsoft" />
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This essay explains why Microsoft Word
attachments to email are bad, and describes what you can do to help stop this
practice." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>
Don't you just hate receiving Word documents in email messages? Word
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@
<p>
With our numbers, simply by asking, we can make a difference.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret
@@ -146,13 +150,11 @@
Would you please reconsider the use of Word format for communication
with other people?</em></p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
(Explanatory note: I can handle ODF too, but it isn't very convenient
for me, so I don't include it in my list of suggestions.)</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@
<p>
<em>Receiving Word documents is bad for you because they can carry
-viruses (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)).
+viruses (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus).
Sending Word documents is bad for you because a Word document normally
includes hidden information about the author, enabling those in the
know to pry into the author's activities (maybe yours). Text that you
@@ -217,18 +219,16 @@
PDF file when requested.</em></p>
<p>
-<em>See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more
+<em>See https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more
about this issue.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Here's another approach, suggested by Bob Chassell. It requires that
you edit it for the specific example, and it presumes you have a way
to extract the contents and see how long they are.</p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
<em>I am puzzled. Why did you choose to send me 876,377 bytes in your
recent message when the content is only 27,133 bytes?</em></p>
@@ -245,27 +245,25 @@
professionals offering their services. Please don't give them your
support.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
John D. Ramsdell suggests people discourage the use of proprietary
-attachments by making a small statement in their <kbd>.signature</kbd>
+attachments by making a small statement in their <code>.signature</code>
file:</p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
<em>Please avoid sending me Word or PowerPoint attachments.<br />
-See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
+See https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">Here is a response
letter</a> to an email message with a Word
attachment.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Kevin Cole of the Gallaudet University in Washington,
@@ -274,10 +272,11 @@
attachment. (I think it is
better to send the responses by hand, and make it clear that you have
done so, because people will receive them better.)</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -295,13 +294,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -322,7 +321,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2019, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2008, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -332,10 +331,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/01/07 19:01:41 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/no-word-attachments.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- po/no-word-attachments.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:45:13 -0000 1.19
+++ po/no-word-attachments.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.20
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-20 20:26+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
Index: po/philosophy.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- po/philosophy.pt-br-en.html 18 Aug 2021 16:31:54 -0000 1.25
+++ po/philosophy.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.26
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<div class="right-column comment">
<hr class="no-display" />
<p class="announcement">
-See <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/";>audio-video.gnu.org</a>
+See <a href="//audio-video.gnu.org/">audio-video.gnu.org</a>
for recordings of Richard Stallman's speeches.</p>
<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/18 16:31:54 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/philosophy.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.85
retrieving revision 1.86
diff -u -b -r1.85 -r1.86
--- po/philosophy.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:46:42 -0000 1.85
+++ po/philosophy.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.86
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-19 14:56+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
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===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.pt-br-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- po/shouldbefree.pt-br-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:28 -0000 1.9
+++ po/shouldbefree.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.10
@@ -5,18 +5,21 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p id="introduction">
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free”
software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">How Owners Justify Their
Power</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
<p>
Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@
have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
versus no software is begging the question.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">The Argument against Having
Owners</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having Owners</h3>
<p>
The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked
with having owners to restrict the use of it?”</p>
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@
making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
<p>
If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
@@ -637,7 +640,7 @@
developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
radio and television stations.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
<p>
If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?</p>
@@ -672,7 +675,7 @@
productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
<p>
Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
@@ -716,7 +719,7 @@
prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">“Why Don't You Move to
Russia?”</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”</h3>
<p>
In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
@@ -746,7 +749,7 @@
Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
<p>
I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
@@ -788,7 +791,7 @@
awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusion</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
<p>
We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
@@ -811,7 +814,6 @@
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
@@ -840,13 +842,11 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@
information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/shouldbefree.pt-br.po
===================================================================
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diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- po/shouldbefree.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:48:35 -0000 1.24
+++ po/shouldbefree.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000 1.25
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-28 13:56+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 40.0\n"
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--- po/software-literary-patents.pt-br-en.html 13 Dec 2020 22:29:26 -0000
1.16
+++ po/software-literary-patents.pt-br-en.html 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.17
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Software Patents and Literary Patents - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Software Patents and Literary Patents</h2>
-<p>by <strong><a href="http://stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></strong></p>
-
-<p>
-<em>The first version of this article was published in
-<cite>The Guardian</cite>, of London, on June 23, 2005. It focused on
-the proposed European software patent directive.</em></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>
When politicians consider the question of software patents, they are
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@
</ul>
<p>
-through the name “Jean Valjean”, but at least this patent
+through the name “Jean Valjean,” but at least this patent
would have been easy to avoid.
</p>
@@ -212,15 +215,22 @@
blocked, the result will be to put all software developers in danger.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<p>The first version of this article was published in
+<cite>The Guardian</cite>, of London, on June 23, 2005. It focused on
+the proposed European software patent directive.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -238,13 +248,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -265,7 +275,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2009, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -275,10 +285,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/13 22:29:26 $
+$Date: 2021/09/05 23:02:17 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/software-literary-patents.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/software-literary-patents.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 22:50:08 -0000
1.29
+++ po/software-literary-patents.pt-br.po 5 Sep 2021 23:02:17 -0000
1.30
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
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