www/philosophy shouldbefree.zh-cn.html po/shoul...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     21/09/01 00:33:12

Modified files:
        philosophy     : shouldbefree.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html 
                         shouldbefree.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
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CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17

Patches:
Index: shouldbefree.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- shouldbefree.zh-cn.html     19 Aug 2021 08:13:21 -0000      1.12
+++ shouldbefree.zh-cn.html     1 Sep 2021 04:33:12 -0000       1.13
@@ -8,18 +8,22 @@
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
 <title>为什么软件应该是自由的 - GNU工程 - 
自由软件基金会</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+
+</style>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.zh-cn.html" -->
 <!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.zh-cn.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>为什么软件应该是自由的</h2>
 
 <address class="byline"><a 
href="https://www.stallman.org/";>理查德·斯托曼</a> 著</address>
 
-<div class="article">
 <p  id="introduction">
 软件的存在不可避免地引起了有å…
³å®ƒçš„使用应该如何决定的问题。举例来说，假设一个人拥有一个程序的一份拷贝，而他又遇到另一个想要拷贝的人。他们就有可能复制这个程序；那么这种做法的容许与否应该由谁来判断呢？参与å
…¶ä¸­çš„个人？还是被称作&ldquo;所有者&rdquo;的另一方？</p>
 <p>
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@
    åœ¨è¿™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« ä¸­ï¼Œæˆ‘å°†å™è¿°æ‹¥æœ‰æ‰€æœ‰è€…
带来的影响，并指出结果是不利的。我的结论是程序员有义务去鼓励他人å
…±äº«ã€å†å‘布、ç 
”究并改进我们编写的软件：换句话说，就是要写<a
 href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">&ldquo;自由&rdquo;软件</a>。<a 
href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
 
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">软件所有者
如何合理化他们的权力</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">软件所有者如何合理化他们的权力</h3>
 <p>
    
在当前的系统中，程序就是财产；从中获利的人提出了两个论证以支持他们拥有程序的声明：感æƒ
…上的论证和经济上的论证。</p>
 <p>
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@
 <p>
    软件系统有了版权，软件开发通常就和其所有者
的存在有å…
³ï¼Œä»–们可以控制该软件的使用。只要这个联系存在，我们就经常要在专有软件和没有软件之间作出选择。然而，这个联系并不是固有或å¿
…
然的；而是特定的社会/法律政策决定的后果，而这决定正是我们所质疑的：软件该有所有è€
…的决定。将事情解释成只能在专利软件和没有软件两者
中二选一的论点促使我们提出质疑。</p>
 
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">反对拥有所有者
的论证</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">反对拥有所有者的论证</h3>
 <p>
    
当前的问题是，&ldquo;软件的开发应该和限制它们使用的所有è€
…联系在一起吗？&rdquo;</p>
 <p>
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@
    Vaclav
 
Havel建议我们&ldquo;为有益之事而工作，而不是只为能够成功而工作。&rdquo;制作专属软件的商业å
…
¬å¸æœ‰å®ƒè‡ªå·±ç‹­éš˜æ„ä¹‰çš„成功，但那不是对社会有益的事。</p>
 
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">人们为什么要开发软件</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">人们为什么要开发软件</h3>
 <p>
    
如果作为鼓励人们开发软件的方法，我们废除版权，那么一开始开发的软件会较少，但这些软件会更有用。总体上用户的满意度会不会更少不æ¸
…æ¥šï¼›ä½†å¦‚æžœæ˜¯ï¼Œæˆ–è€…æˆ‘ä»¬å°±æ˜¯å¸Œæœ›å¢žåŠ 满意度，还有å…
¶ä»–的办法鼓励开发，正像除了收费站还有å…
¶ä»–æ–¹æ³•ä¸ºé“è·¯ç­¹é›†èµ„é‡‘ä¸€æ ·ã€‚åœ¨æˆ‘è°ˆè®ºå¦‚ä½•åšä¹‹å‰ï¼Œæˆ‘æƒ³å…
ˆé—®å¤šå°‘人为的鼓励是真正必须的。</p>
 
@@ -260,7 +264,7 @@
 <p>
    æˆ‘ç›¸ä¿¡ï¼Œé¢å¯¹è¿™æ ·çš„çŸ›ç›¾ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªæœ‰é“å¾·çš„å¼€å‘äººå‘˜å¿…
须有所行动以便获得报é…
¬ï¼Œä½†ä¹Ÿåº”该请求用户们给予自愿的捐助。最终，用户们将学会毫æ—
 强迫地支持开发人员，就像他们支持å…
¬ä¼—å¹¿æ’­ç”µå°å’Œç”µè§†å°é‚£æ ·ã€‚</p>
 
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">软件生产力是什么？ </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">软件生产力是什么？ </h3>
 <p>
    
如果软件是自由的，仍然会有程序员，但也许更少。这对社会有害吗？
 </p>
 <p>
@@ -278,7 +282,7 @@
 <p>
    
&ldquo;软件生产力&rdquo;可以代表两个不同的东西：一切软件开发的总体生产力或单独某个项目的生产力。总体生产力是社会需要提高的，而最最直接的方法莫过于æ¸
…
除会降低生产力、反对合作的人为障碍。但&ldquo;软件生产力&rdquo;领域的ç
 
”究人员却专注于此术语的次要的、局限的含义，即提高生存力需要艰难的技术进步。</p>
 
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">竞争是必然吗？</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">竞争是必然吗？</h3>
 <p>
    人们试图竞争，超过他们在社会上的竞争对手，这是必
然的吗？也许是吧。但竞争本身不是坏事；有害的事情
是<em>斗争</em>。</p>
 <p>
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@
    
商业理想没有使人们做好准备来抵御为竞争而斗争的诱惑。某些形式的斗争已经被反托拉斯法<sup><a
 href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>所禁止，广告法就是这æ 
·ï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šï¼Œä½†æ‰§è¡Œç»ç†ä»¬å´åˆ›é€ 了å…
¶ä»–没有被专门禁止的斗争形式，而不是把这归纳为普遍拒绝斗争的原则。社会资源被浪费在类似经济派系的å†
…战上。</p>
 
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">&ldquo;ä½ 
为什么不去俄罗斯？&rdquo;</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">&ldquo;ä½ ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆä¸åŽ»ä¿„ç½—æ–¯ï¼Ÿ&rdquo;</h3>
 <p>
    在美国，除了放任自由的极端形式，å…
¶ä»–任何理念的拥护者都经常听到这æ 
·çš„指责。例如，国家健康保障系统的支持者就被贴上这æ 
·çš„åæ´¾æ ‡ç­¾ï¼Œå°±åƒåœ¨æ‰€æœ‰è‡ªç”±ä¸–ç•Œçš„å…¶ä»–å·¥ä¸šå›½å®¶ä¸€æ ·ã€‚å…
¬ä¼—æ”¯æŒè‰ºæœ¯çš„æ‹¥æŠ¤è€…ä¹Ÿè¢«è¿™æ ·åå¯¹ï¼Œä¹Ÿå’Œåœ¨å…
¶ä»–ä¸–ç•Œå‘è¾¾å›½å®¶ä¸€æ ·ã€‚åœ¨ç¾Žå›½ï¼Œè¿™ç§å…¬æ°‘æœ‰ä¹‰åŠ¡å¯¹å…
¬ä¼—做贡献的思想就被看成是å…
±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰ã€‚但这些想法是多么相似呀？</p>
 <p>
@@ -305,7 +309,7 @@
 <p>
    å› æ­¤ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæˆ‘ä»¬è¦ä»Žä¸Žä¿„å›½å…
±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰ç›¸ä¼¼çš„角度出发来判断的话，软件所有者就是å…
±äº§ä¸»ä¹‰è€…。</p>
 
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">假设前提的问题</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">假设前提的问题</h3>
 <p>
    åœ¨è¿™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« ä¸­ï¼Œæˆ‘å‡è®¾äº†è½¯ä»¶çš„ç”¨æˆ·å’Œè½¯ä»¶çš„ä½œè€…
，甚至是和软件作者的雇主一æ 
·é‡è¦ã€‚换句话说，当我们判断哪个行动步骤最好的时候，他们的利益和需求的分量是平等的。</p>
 <p>
@@ -321,7 +325,7 @@
 <p>
    
我们不需要同意宪法或最高法院。（有一度，他们都宽容了奴隶制。）所以他们的立场并没有证明所有è€
…至上的假设是不正确的。但我希望，大家意识到所有者
è‡³ä¸Šæ˜¯ä¸€ç§æ¿€è¿›çš„å³ç¿¼å‡è®¾ï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯ä¼ 
统以来就被认可的假设，这就会削弱该假设的吸引力。</p>
 
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">结论</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">结论</h3>
 <p>
    
我们愿意想像我们的社会鼓励邻里互助；但每次我们奖励那些阻æŒ
 的人，或者羡æ…
•ä»–们以这种方式获得的财富，我们就是发出错误的信息。</p>
 <p>
@@ -330,7 +334,6 @@
 <p>
    如果我们不想生活在丛林之中，那么我们就必
é¡»æ”¹å˜æ€åº¦ã€‚æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»å¼€å§‹å‘å‡ºè¿™æ ·çš„ä¿¡æ¯ï¼šå¥½å…
¬æ°‘åº”è¯¥åœ¨é€‚å½“çš„æ—¶å€™äº’ç›¸åˆä½œï¼Œè€Œä¸æ˜¯ç”±æŽ 
夺他人而获得成功。我希望自由软件运动会有助于此：至少在一个地区，我们将用一个更为有效的，鼓励并且运行在志愿合作上的系统来取代混乱不å
 ªçš„丛林。</p>
 <div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
 
 <h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">脚注</h3>
 
@@ -344,12 +347,10 @@
 Marketplaceçš„ä¸ªäººä¿¡æ¯æ•°æ®åº“ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå› å…
¬ä¼—的反对而退出市场。我说的大部分话都不适用于这种情
况，但有一种争论，说在有所有者
å°±å¯ä»¥ä½¿è¿™ç§ç¨‹åºä¸å¤§å¯èƒ½å¾—åˆ°ï¼Œè¿™æ¯«æ— 
道理。如果一个程序的作用被认为是ç 
´åæ€§çš„ï¼Œå°±åƒæœ‰äººå¸Œæœ›çš„é‚£æ ·ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå…¶æ‰€æœ‰è€…
是不会让它<em>完全</em>得不到的。</li>
 </ol>
 
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>本文发表于<a
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">本文发表于<a
 
href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>自由软件，自由社会：Richard
-M. Stallman选集</cite></a>。</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman选集</cite></a>。</p></div>
 </div>
 
 <div class="translators-notes">
@@ -391,8 +392,8 @@
 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">《译者
指南》</a>。</p>
 </div>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
 
 <p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -410,7 +411,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:21 $
+$Date: 2021/09/01 04:33:12 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: po/shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html       19 Aug 2021 08:13:28 -0000      1.8
+++ po/shouldbefree.zh-cn-en.html       1 Sep 2021 04:33:12 -0000       1.9
@@ -5,18 +5,21 @@
 <!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
 <title>Why Software Should Be Free
 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style>
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
 <!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
 <!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
 <h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
 
 <address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
 Stallman</a></address>
 
-<div class="article">
 <p  id="introduction">
 The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
 decisions about its use should be made.  For example, suppose one
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@
 <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">&ldquo;free&rdquo;
 software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
 
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">How Owners Justify Their 
Power</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
 <p>
    Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
 offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@
 have owners.  To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
 versus no software is begging the question.</p>
 
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">The Argument against Having 
Owners</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having Owners</h3>
 <p>
    The question at hand is, &ldquo;Should development of software be linked
 with having owners to restrict the use of it?&rdquo;</p>
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@
 making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
 terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
 
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
 <p>
    If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
 people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
@@ -637,7 +640,7 @@
 developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
 radio and television stations.</p>
 
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
 <p>
    If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
 fewer of them.  Would this be bad for society?</p>
@@ -672,7 +675,7 @@
 productivity&rdquo; focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
 term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
 
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
 <p>
    Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
 rivals in society?  Perhaps it is.  But competition itself is not
@@ -716,7 +719,7 @@
 prohibited.  Society's resources are squandered on the economic
 equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
 
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">&ldquo;Why Don't You Move to 
Russia?&rdquo;</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">&ldquo;Why Don't You Move to Russia?&rdquo;</h3>
 <p>
    In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
 form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation.  For
@@ -746,7 +749,7 @@
    Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
 Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
 
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
 <p>
    I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
 less important than an author, or even an author's employer.  In other
@@ -788,7 +791,7 @@
 awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
 traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
 
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusion</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
 <p>
    We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
 but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
@@ -811,7 +814,6 @@
 this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
 efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
 <div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
 
 <h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
 
@@ -840,13 +842,11 @@
 destructive.</li>
 </ol>
 
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
 <a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
 Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 
 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@
 information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:28 $
+$Date: 2021/09/01 04:33:12 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: po/shouldbefree.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- po/shouldbefree.zh-cn.po    1 Sep 2021 03:59:59 -0000       1.16
+++ po/shouldbefree.zh-cn.po    1 Sep 2021 04:33:12 -0000       1.17
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-08-28 13:56+0000\n"
 
 #. type: Content of: <title>
 msgid "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"