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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy free-sw.ru.html po/free-sw.ru-en... |
Date: |
Fri, 16 Jul 2021 09:01:01 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/07/16 09:01:01
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.ru.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.ru-en.html free-sw.ru.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.69&r2=1.70
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.124&r2=1.125
Patches:
Index: free-sw.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.69
retrieving revision 1.70
diff -u -b -r1.69 -r1.70
--- free-sw.ru.html 3 Feb 2021 02:59:41 -0000 1.69
+++ free-sw.ru.html 16 Jul 2021 13:01:00 -0000 1.70
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ЧÑо Ñакое ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма? - ÐÑоекÑ
GNU - Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
@@ -21,38 +24,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.ru.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.ru.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>ЧÑо Ñакое ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<div class="article">
-<h3>ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ</h3>
-
-<blockquote class="note" id="fsf-licensing"><p style="font-size: 80%">
-ÐÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ, на коÑоÑÑй здеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ оÑвеÑили?
ÐбÑаÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº наÑим <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">маÑеÑиалам по
лиÑензиÑованиÑ</a> или
-ÑвÑжиÑеÑÑ Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑаÑоÑией по адÑеÑÑ <a
-href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<div class="comment">
-<p>
-ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑодеÑжиÑ
кÑиÑеÑии Ñого, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
-конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
Ñвободной. ÐÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñемени мÑ
-пеÑеÑмаÑÑиваем ÑÑо опÑеделение, ÑÑобÑ
поÑÑниÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ или ÑазÑеÑиÑÑ Ñонкие
-вопÑоÑÑ. СпиÑок изменений, заÑÑагиваÑÑиÑ
опÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ,
-Ñм. в <a href="#History">Ñазделе иÑÑоÑии</a> в нижней
ÑаÑÑи ÑÑÑаниÑÑ.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой неÑÑо дÑÑгое: Ñ
-него ÑовÑем дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ, оÑнованнаÑ
на дÑÑгиÑ
ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
. Ðго
-пÑакÑиÑеÑкое опÑеделение Ñоже дÑÑгое, но
поÑÑи вÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм
-иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом на деле ÑвободнÑ. РазниÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнÑем в ÑÑаÑÑе <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">ÐоÑемÑ
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй
-иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” не пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑиÑ
“ÑвободнаÑ
-пÑогÑамма”</a>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
+<div class="important">
<p>
Слова “ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”
ознаÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑважаеÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ ÑообÑеÑÑво полÑзоваÑелей. РдвÑÑ
ÑловаÑ
ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо <strong> Ñ
@@ -65,6 +45,14 @@
</p>
<p>
+ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñили денÑги за Ñо,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, а
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, она вам доÑÑалаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑплаÑно. Ðо
незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, как вÑ
+полÑÑили Ñвои копии, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñегда волÑнÑ
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ даже
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">пÑодаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
ÐÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑпаем за ÑÑи ÑвободÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо иÑ
заÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй. Ðогда еÑÑÑ
ÑÑи ÑвободÑ, полÑзоваÑели конÑÑолиÑÑÑÑ
(как индивидÑалÑно, Ñак и
коллекÑивно) пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ Ñо, ÑÑо она Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
делаеÑ. Ðогда полÑзоваÑели не
@@ -75,9 +63,74 @@
неÑпÑаведливой влаÑÑи</a>.
</p>
-<h4> ЧеÑÑÑе важнейÑиÑ
ÑвободÑ</h4>
+<p>
+“ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой неÑÑо дÑÑгое: Ñ
+него ÑовÑем дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ, оÑнованнаÑ
на дÑÑгиÑ
ÑенноÑÑÑÑ
. Ðго
+пÑакÑиÑеÑкое опÑеделение Ñоже дÑÑгое, но
поÑÑи вÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм
+иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом на деле ÑвободнÑ. РазниÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнÑем в ÑÑаÑÑе <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">ÐоÑемÑ
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” не пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑиÑ
“ÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма”</a>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<h3 class="no-display">СодеÑжание</h3>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="#fs-definition">ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#four-freedoms">ЧеÑÑÑе важнейÑиÑ
ÑвободÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#selling">СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
<em>могÑÑ</em> бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкими</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#clarifying">РазÑÑÑнение гÑаниÑ
Ñвободного и неÑвободного</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#run-the-program">Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº вам Ñгодно</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#make-changes">Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ вноÑиÑÑ
+изменениÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#redistribute">Свобода пеÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸,
еÑли вам Ñгодно: оÑновнÑе
+ÑÑебованиÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#copyleft">ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#packaging">РегламенÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#exportcontrol">ÐонÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#legal-details">ЮÑидиÑеÑкие
ÑообÑажениÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#contracts">ÐиÑензии на оÑнове
конÑÑакÑов</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#in-practice">ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑике</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#interpretation">Ðак Ð¼Ñ ÑÑакÑÑем ÑÑи
кÑиÑеÑии</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#get-help">ÐонÑÑлÑÑаÑии по лиÑензиÑм
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#terminology">ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
, вÑбиÑайÑе Ñлова</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#beyond-software">ÐÑоме пÑогÑамм</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#History">ÐÑÑоÑиÑ</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note" id="fsf-licensing">
+<p style="font-size:80%">
+ÐÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ, на коÑоÑÑй здеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ оÑвеÑили?
ÐбÑаÑиÑеÑÑ Ðº наÑим <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">маÑеÑиалам по
лиÑензиÑованиÑ</a> или
+ÑвÑжиÑеÑÑ Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑаÑоÑией по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+
+<h3 id="fs-definition" class="subheader">ÐпÑеделение
Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ</h3>
<p>
+ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑодеÑжиÑ
кÑиÑеÑии Ñого, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
+конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
Ñвободной. ÐÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ñемени мÑ
+пеÑеÑмаÑÑиваем ÑÑо опÑеделение, ÑÑобÑ
поÑÑниÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ или ÑазÑеÑиÑÑ Ñонкие
+вопÑоÑÑ. СпиÑок изменений, заÑÑагиваÑÑиÑ
опÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ,
+Ñм. в <a href="#History">Ñазделе иÑÑоÑии</a> в нижней
ÑаÑÑи ÑÑÑаниÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="four-freedoms">ЧеÑÑÑе важнейÑиÑ
ÑвободÑ</h4>
+<p>
ÐÑогÑамма Ñвободна, еÑли Ñ ÐµÐµ
полÑзоваÑелей еÑÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑе важнейÑиÑ
ÑвободÑ:
<a href="#f1">[1]</a>
</p>
@@ -112,6 +165,9 @@
и Ð. Ðднако еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑем измениÑÑ Ð
Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð² ней не пÑименÑлаÑÑ Ð,
Ñо Ñвободной нÑжно бÑÑÑ ÑолÑко пÑогÑамме
Ð; Рна ÑÑи Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ðº не влиÑеÑ.</p>
+
+<h4 id="selling">СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ <em>могÑÑ</em>
бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкими</h4>
+
<p>
“Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма” не знаÑиÑ
“некоммеÑÑеÑкає. ÐапÑоÑив,
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма должна бÑÑÑ
@@ -151,20 +207,14 @@
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной.
</p>
-<p>
-ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñили денÑги за Ñо,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, а
-Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, она вам доÑÑалаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑплаÑно. Ðо
незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, как вÑ
-полÑÑили Ñвои копии, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñегда волÑнÑ
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ даже
-<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">пÑодаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸</a>.
-</p>
-<h3>УÑоÑнение гÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñвободного и
неÑвободного</h3>
+<h3 id="clarifying" class="subheader">РазÑÑÑнение гÑаниÑ
Ñвободного и неÑвободного</h3>
<p>РоÑÑалÑной ÑаÑÑи ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи мÑ
поÑÑнÑем более подÑобно, наÑколÑко далеко
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñ
одиÑÑ ÑазлиÑнÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
ÑазлиÑнÑм вопÑоÑам, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
бÑла Ñвободна.</p>
-<h4>Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº вам
Ñгодно</h4>
+<h4 id="run-the-program">Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
как вам Ñгодно</h4>
<p>
Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаеÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñбого Ñода Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
@@ -198,7 +248,7 @@
“вообÑе никак”, еÑли ÑÑо вам и Ñгодно.
Так ÑÑо в оÑделÑной
“Ñвободе не вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммє
необÑ
одимоÑÑи неÑ.</p>
-<h4>Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸
вноÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ</h4>
+<h4 id="make-changes">Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ вноÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ</h4>
<p>
ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ 1 и 3 (Ñвобода вноÑиÑÑ
Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñвобода пÑбликоваÑÑ
@@ -244,7 +294,7 @@
пÑогÑаммє.
</p>
-<h4>Свобода пеÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸, еÑли вам
Ñгодно: оÑновнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ</h4>
+<h4 id="redistribute">Свобода пеÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸, еÑли
вам Ñгодно: оÑновнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ</h4>
<p>Свобода ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ (ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ 2 и 3)
ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑÑ
копии, Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми или без ниÑ
, беÑплаÑно
или Ð²Ð·Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð°
@@ -264,7 +314,7 @@
Свобода 3 ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободÑ
вÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑии Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñими изменениÑми
как ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. СвободнаÑ
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑ Ñакже дÑÑгие
ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑка ÑÑиÑ
веÑÑий; дÑÑгими
Ñловами, она не обÑзаÑелÑно должна бÑÑÑ
-лиÑензией Ñ <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким
левом</a>. Ðднако
+лиÑензией Ñ <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑким
левом</a>. Ðднако
лиÑензиÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑобÑ
измененнÑе веÑÑии бÑли неÑвободнÑ, не можеÑ
ÑÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñвободной.
</p>
@@ -280,12 +330,12 @@
ÑазÑабоÑаеÑе ÑпоÑоб Ñакого
пÑеобÑазованиÑ.
</p>
-<h4>ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево</h4>
+<h4 id="copyleft">ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево</h4>
<p>
ÐпÑеделенного Ñода пÑавила о ÑоÑмаÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
допÑÑÑимÑ, когда они не пÑоÑивоÑеÑаÑ
ÑенÑÑалÑнÑм Ñвободам. ÐапÑимеÑ, <a
-href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкое лево</a> (оÑенÑ
+href="/licenses/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкое лево</a> (оÑенÑ
ÑпÑоÑенно) — ÑÑо пÑавило, по коÑоÑомÑ
пÑи пеÑедаÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ
не можеÑе добавлÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑе
лиÑаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей ÑенÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ñвобод. ÐÑо пÑавило не пÑоÑивоÑеÑиÑ
ÑенÑÑалÑнÑм Ñвободам, а заÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
.
@@ -304,7 +354,7 @@
пÑогÑамм</a>.
</p>
-<h4>РегламенÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ</h4>
+<h4 id="packaging">РегламенÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ</h4>
<p>
ÐÑавила оÑоÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑиÑиÑованнÑÑ
веÑÑий допÑÑÑимÑ, еÑли они по ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑ
@@ -339,17 +389,17 @@
вам задаÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑвонаÑалÑной пÑогÑаммÑ
как пеÑенапÑавление на измененнÑÑ
веÑÑиÑ.</p>
-<h4>ÐонÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа</h4>
+<h4 id="exportcontrol">ÐонÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа</h4>
<p>
-Ðногда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑй <a
id="exportcontrol">конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа</a> и
-ÑоÑговÑе ÑанкÑии могÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм на
-междÑнаÑодном ÑÑовне. РазÑабоÑÑики
пÑогÑамм не в ÑилаÑ
ÑÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ обойÑи
-ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
как
ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
-они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ
не коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи лÑдей вне
-ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. ÐÑак, лиÑензии
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не должнÑ
-ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как
-ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод.
+Ðногда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа
и ÑоÑговÑе ÑанкÑии могÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиÑÑ
+ваÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм на
междÑнаÑодном ÑÑовне. РазÑабоÑÑики
+пÑогÑамм не в ÑилаÑ
ÑÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ обойÑи
ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
+ниÑ
как ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи
+огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи
лÑдей вне ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. ÐÑак, лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑинениÑ
+каким Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам
ÑкÑпоÑÑа как ÑÑловиÑ
+оÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод.
</p>
<p>
@@ -363,7 +413,7 @@
неÑвободнÑÑ.
</p>
-<h4>ЮÑидиÑеÑкие ÑообÑажениÑ</h4>
+<h4 id="legal-details">ЮÑидиÑеÑкие ÑообÑажениÑ</h4>
<p>
ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ñли дейÑÑвиÑелÑнÑ, они
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑеÑÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ð¸
@@ -387,7 +437,7 @@
пÑименим, где Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑ
одиÑÑ
ÑазбиÑаÑелÑÑÑва или и Ñо, и дÑÑгое.
</p>
-<h4>ÐиÑензии на оÑнове конÑÑакÑов</h4>
+<h4 id="contracts">ÐиÑензии на оÑнове конÑÑакÑов</h4>
<p>
ÐолÑÑинÑÑво лиÑензий ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
оÑновано на авÑоÑÑком пÑаве. У
@@ -409,25 +459,12 @@
веÑоÑÑно, пÑидем к заклÑÑениÑ, ÑÑо она не
Ñвободна.
</p>
-<h4>ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
,
вÑбиÑайÑе Ñлова</h4>
+<h3 id="in-practice" class="subheader">ÐпÑеделение
Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑике</h3>
-<p>
-Ðогда ÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
,
лÑÑÑе вÑего избегаÑÑ ÑпоÑÑеблениÑ
-ÑакиÑ
ÑеÑминов, как “ÑаздаваÑÑ” или
“беÑплаÑнÑе”,
-поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑи ÑеÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмеваÑÑ, ÑÑо
дело в ÑÑоимоÑÑи, а не в
-Ñвободе. ÐекоÑоÑÑе обÑепÑинÑÑÑе ÑеÑминÑ,
напÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ “пиÑаÑÑÑво”,
-неÑÑÑ Ð² Ñебе ÑоÑÐºÑ Ð·ÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ, как
Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ, не одобÑÑеÑе. ÐÑи
-ÑеÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑждаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑаниÑе <a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">ÐапÑÑÑваÑÑие Ñлова и
вÑÑажениÑ,
-коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ</a>. У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже
ÑпиÑок веÑнÑÑ
<a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">пеÑеводов вÑÑажениÑ
“ÑвободнÑе
-пÑогÑаммє</a> на ÑазнÑе ÑзÑки.
-</p>
-
-<h4>Ðак Ð¼Ñ ÑÑакÑÑем ÑÑи кÑиÑеÑии</h4>
+<h4 id="interpretation">Ðак Ð¼Ñ ÑÑакÑÑем ÑÑи
кÑиÑеÑии</h4>
<p>
-ÐаконеÑ, обÑаÑиÑе внимание, ÑÑо кÑиÑеÑии,
подобнÑе Ñем, ÑÑо пÑинÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑом
+ÐбÑаÑиÑе внимание, ÑÑо кÑиÑеÑии, подобнÑе
Ñем, ÑÑо пÑинÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑом
опÑеделении Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑебÑÑÑ
аккÑÑаÑного оÑмÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñи
ÑÑакÑовке. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеÑиÑÑ, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензией
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñениваем ее на
оÑнове ÑÑиÑ
кÑиÑеÑиев, опÑеделÑÑ,
@@ -441,7 +478,7 @@
ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼.
</p>
-<h4>ÐонÑÑлÑÑаÑии по лиÑензиÑм ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</h4>
+<h4 id="get-help">ÐонÑÑлÑÑаÑии по лиÑензиÑм
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</h4>
<p>
ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑеÑÑеÑеÑÑ, ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
конкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензией ÑвободнÑÑ
@@ -467,7 +504,31 @@
пÑоблем.
</p>
-<h3 id="beyond-software">ÐÑоме пÑогÑамм</h3>
+<h4 id="terminology">ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
,
вÑбиÑайÑе Ñлова</h4>
+
+<p>
+Ðогда ÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
,
лÑÑÑе вÑего избегаÑÑ ÑпоÑÑеблениÑ
+ÑакиÑ
ÑеÑминов, как “ÑаздаваÑÑ” или
“беÑплаÑнÑе”,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑи ÑеÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмеваÑÑ, ÑÑо
дело в ÑÑоимоÑÑи, а не в
+Ñвободе. ÐекоÑоÑÑе обÑепÑинÑÑÑе ÑеÑминÑ,
напÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ “пиÑаÑÑÑво”,
+неÑÑÑ Ð² Ñебе ÑоÑÐºÑ Ð·ÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ñ, как
Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ, не одобÑÑеÑе. ÐÑи
+ÑеÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑждаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑаниÑе <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">ÐапÑÑÑваÑÑие Ñлова и
вÑÑажениÑ,
+коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÑ</a>. У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñакже
ÑпиÑок веÑнÑÑ
<a
+href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">пеÑеводов вÑÑажениÑ
“ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммє</a> на ÑазнÑе ÑзÑки.
+</p>
+
+<p id="open-source">
+ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð³ÑÑппа ÑпоÑÑеблÑÐµÑ ÑеÑмин
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” длÑ
+обознаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ (но не
ÑождеÑÑвенного) “ÑвободнÑм
+пÑогÑаммам” понÑÑиÑ. ÐÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑиÑаем
ÑеÑмин “ÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, как ÑолÑко вÑ
ÑÑлÑÑали, ÑÑо он оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº
+Ñвободе, а не к ÑÑоимоÑÑи, он ÑÑанеÑ
напоминаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе. Слово
+“оÑкÑÑÑÑй” не Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ñвободе.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="beyond-software" class="subheader">ÐÑоме пÑогÑамм</h3>
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Ð ÑководÑÑва по
пÑогÑаммам Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
@@ -479,7 +540,7 @@
Те же ÑамÑе аÑгÑменÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ ÑмÑÑл длÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
ÑазновидноÑÑей пÑикладнÑÑ
пÑоизведений — дÑÑгими Ñловами,
пÑоизведений, коÑоÑÑе ÑодеÑжаÑ
пÑакÑиÑеÑкие знаниÑ, Ñакие, как ÑÑебники и
ÑпÑавоÑники. <a
-href="http://wikipedia.org">ÐикипедиÑ</a> —
наиболее извеÑÑнÑй
+href="https://wikipedia.org">ÐикипедиÑ</a> —
наиболее извеÑÑнÑй
пÑимеÑ.
</p>
@@ -489,19 +550,7 @@
href="http://freedomdefined.org/"> ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑоизведений
кÑлÑÑÑÑÑ</a>,
пÑименимого к пÑоизведениÑм лÑбого Ñода.
</p>
-
-<h3 id="open-source">ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ?</h3>
-
-<p>
-ÐÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð³ÑÑппа ÑпоÑÑеблÑÐµÑ ÑеÑмин
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” длÑ
-обознаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ (но не
ÑождеÑÑвенного) “ÑвободнÑм
-пÑогÑаммам” понÑÑиÑ. ÐÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑиÑаем
ÑеÑмин “ÑвободнаÑ
-пÑогÑамма”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, как ÑолÑко вÑ
ÑÑлÑÑали, ÑÑо он оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº
-Ñвободе, а не к ÑÑоимоÑÑи, он ÑÑанеÑ
напоминаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе. Слово
-“оÑкÑÑÑÑй” <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">не имееÑ
никакого
-оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ñвободе</a>.
-</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
</div>
<h3 id="History">ÐÑÑоÑиÑ</h3>
@@ -674,8 +723,9 @@
помоÑÑÑ <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">ÑиÑÑемÑ
cvsweb</a>.</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
-<h3 style="font-size:1em">ÐÑимеÑание</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">ÐÑимеÑание</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">Ðни нÑмеÑÑÑÑÑÑ 0, 1, 2 и 3 по
иÑÑоÑиÑеÑким пÑиÑинам. Ðколо 1990 года
бÑло ÑÑи ÑвободÑ, под номеÑами 1, 2 и 3. ÐаÑем
Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñознали, ÑÑо ÑвободÑ
@@ -683,6 +733,7 @@
ÑÑи дÑÑгиÑ
, Ñак ÑÑо пÑавилÑно бÑло
ÑаÑположиÑÑ ÐµÐµ пеÑед ними. ÐмеÑÑо Ñого,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑенÑмеÑовÑваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
, Ð¼Ñ Ñделали ÑÑо
Ñвободой 0.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -692,7 +743,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
@@ -712,7 +763,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -758,7 +809,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2021/02/03 02:59:41 $
+$Date: 2021/07/16 13:01:00 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/free-sw.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.56
retrieving revision 1.57
diff -u -b -r1.56 -r1.57
--- po/free-sw.ru-en.html 4 Feb 2021 07:30:21 -0000 1.56
+++ po/free-sw.ru-en.html 16 Jul 2021 13:01:00 -0000 1.57
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
-<title>What is free software?
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>What is Free Software?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
.note { margin-left: 6%; margin-right: 6%; }
@@ -10,42 +13,17 @@
--></style>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
-<h2>What is free software?</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<h2>What is Free Software?</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<div class="article">
-<h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
-
-<blockquote class="note" id="fsf-licensing"><p style="font-size: 80%">
-Have a question about free software licensing not answered here?
-See our other <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">licensing resources</a>,
-and if necessary contact the FSF Compliance Lab
-at <a href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<div class="comment">
-<p>
-The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a
-particular software program qualifies as free software. From time to
-time we revise this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions
-about subtle issues. See the <a href="#History">History section</a>
-below for a list of changes that affect the definition of free
-software.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Open source” is something different: it has a very
-different philosophy based on different values. Its practical
-definition is different too, but nearly all open source programs are
-in fact free. We explain the
-difference in <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
-Why “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>.
-</p>
-</div>
-
+<div class="important">
<p>
“Free software” means software that respects users'
freedom and community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the
@@ -60,6 +38,14 @@
</p>
<p>
+You may have paid money to get copies of a free program, or you may
+have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your
+copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software,
+even to <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>
We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With
these freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control
the program and what it does for them. When users don't control the
@@ -70,8 +56,76 @@
an instrument of unjust power</a>.
</p>
-<h4> The four essential freedoms</h4>
+<p>
+“Open source” is something different: it has a very
+different philosophy based on different values. Its practical
+definition is different too, but nearly all open source programs are
+in fact free. We explain the
+difference in <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+Why “Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>.
+</p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<h3 class="no-display">Table of contents</h3>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="#fs-definition">The Free Software Definition</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#four-freedoms">The four essential freedoms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#selling">Free software <em>can</em> be commercial</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#clarifying">Clarifying the Boundary Between Free and Nonfree</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#run-the-program">The freedom to run the program as you
+ wish</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#make-changes">The freedom to study the source code and make
+ changes</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#redistribute">The freedom to redistribute if you wish:
+ basic requirements</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#packaging">Rules about packaging and distribution
+ details</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#exportcontrol">Export regulations</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#legal-details">Legal considerations</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#contracts">Contract-based licenses</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#in-practice">The Free Software Definition in Practice</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#interpretation">How we interpret these criteria</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#get-help">Get help with free licenses</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#terminology">Use the right words when talking about free
+ software</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#beyond-software">Beyond Software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#History">History</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note" id="fsf-licensing">
+<p style="font-size:80%">
+Have a question about free software licensing not answered here?
+See our other <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">licensing resources</a>,
+and if necessary contact the FSF Compliance Lab
+at <a href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="fs-definition" class="subheader">The Free Software Definition</h3>
+
+<p>
+The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a
+particular software program qualifies as free software. From time to
+time we revise this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions
+about subtle issues. See the <a href="#History">History section</a>
+below for a list of changes that affect the definition of free
+software.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="four-freedoms">The four essential freedoms</h4>
<p>
A program is free software if the program's users have the
four essential freedoms: <a href="#f1">[1]</a>
@@ -108,6 +162,9 @@
are free. However, if we plan to modify A so that it doesn't use B,
only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to that plan.</p>
+
+<h4 id="selling">Free software <em>can</em> be commercial</h4>
+
<p>
“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”.
On the contrary, a free program must be available for commercial use,
@@ -145,20 +202,14 @@
renders the program nonfree.
</p>
-<p>
-You may have paid money to get copies of a free program, or you may
-have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your
-copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software,
-even to <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
-</p>
-<h3>Clarifying the boundary between free and nonfree</h3>
+<h3 id="clarifying" class="subheader">Clarifying the Boundary Between Free and
Nonfree</h3>
<p>In the rest of this article we explain more precisely how far the
various freedoms need to extend, on various issues, in order for a
program to be free.</p>
-<h4>The freedom to run the program as you wish</h4>
+<h4 id="run-the-program">The freedom to run the program as you wish</h4>
<p>
The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
@@ -191,7 +242,7 @@
all” if that is what you wish. So there is no need for a
separate “freedom not to run a program.”</p>
-<h4>The freedom to study the source code and make changes</h4>
+<h4 id="make-changes">The freedom to study the source code and make
changes</h4>
<p>
In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
@@ -233,7 +284,8 @@
Thus, freedom 1 includes the “freedom to delete the program.”
</p>
-<h4>The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements</h4>
+<h4 id="redistribute">The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic
+requirements</h4>
<p>Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to
redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either
@@ -254,7 +306,7 @@
Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of
releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
-a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a
+a <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a
license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
as a free license.
</p>
@@ -270,12 +322,12 @@
make them.
</p>
-<h4>Copyleft</h4>
+<h4 id="copyleft">Copyleft</h4>
<p>
Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
-freedoms. For example, <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+freedoms. For example, <a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
(very simply stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program,
you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms.
This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it
@@ -295,7 +347,7 @@
relate to each other.
</p>
-<h4>Rules about packaging and distribution details</h4>
+<h4 id="packaging">Rules about packaging and distribution details</h4>
<p>
Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
@@ -330,10 +382,10 @@
facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an
alias for the modified version.</p>
-<h4>Export regulations</h4>
+<h4 id="exportcontrol">Export regulations</h4>
<p>
-Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
+Sometimes government export control regulations
and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to
eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
@@ -354,7 +406,7 @@
software nonfree.
</p>
-<h4>Legal considerations</h4>
+<h4 id="legal-details">Legal considerations</h4>
<p>
In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
@@ -378,7 +430,7 @@
law applies, or where litigation must be done, or both.
</p>
-<h4>Contract-based licenses</h4>
+<h4 id="contracts">Contract-based licenses</h4>
<p>
Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
@@ -399,23 +451,12 @@
it is nonfree.
</p>
-<h4>Use the right words when talking about free software</h4>
-
-<p>
-When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
-like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
imply that
-the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
-as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See
-<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
-are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have
-a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
-“free software”</a> into various languages.
-</p>
+<h3 id="in-practice" class="subheader">The Free Software Definition in
Practice</h3>
-<h4>How we interpret these criteria</h4>
+<h4 id="interpretation">How we interpret these criteria</h4>
<p>
-Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
+Note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
@@ -428,7 +469,7 @@
it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
</p>
-<h4>Get help with free licenses</h4>
+<h4 id="get-help">Get help with free licenses</h4>
<p>
If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
@@ -452,7 +493,28 @@
and avoid various practical problems.
</p>
-<h3 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h3>
+<h4 id="terminology">Use the right words when talking about free software</h4>
+
+<p>
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
+like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
imply that
+the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
+as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
+are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have
+a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
+“free software”</a> into various languages.
+</p>
+
+<p id="open-source">
+Another group uses the term “open source” to mean
+something close (but not identical) to “free software”. We
+prefer the term “free software” because, once you have heard that
+it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
+word “open” never refers to freedom.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="beyond-software" class="subheader">Beyond Software</h3>
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
@@ -464,7 +526,7 @@
The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
practical use — that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
such as educational works and reference
-works. <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
+works. <a href="https://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
example.
</p>
@@ -473,17 +535,7 @@
has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
</p>
-
-<h3 id="open-source">Open Source?</h3>
-
-<p>
-Another group uses the term “open source” to mean
-something close (but not identical) to “free software”. We
-prefer the term “free software” because, once you have heard that
-it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
-word “open” <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
-never refers to freedom</a>.
-</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
</div>
<h3 id="History">History</h3>
@@ -625,8 +677,9 @@
You can review the complete list of changes to the page through
the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">cvsweb
interface</a>.</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
-<h3 style="font-size:1em">Footnote</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The reason they are numbered 0, 1, 2 and 3 is historical. Around
1990 there were three freedoms, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Then we realized that
@@ -634,10 +687,11 @@
It was clearly more basic than the other three, so it properly should
precede them. Rather than renumber the others, we made it freedom 0.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -655,13 +709,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -682,7 +736,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -693,7 +747,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/02/04 07:30:21 $
+$Date: 2021/07/16 13:01:00 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/free-sw.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.124
retrieving revision 1.125
diff -u -b -r1.124 -r1.125
--- po/free-sw.ru.po 16 Jul 2021 12:51:57 -0000 1.124
+++ po/free-sw.ru.po 16 Jul 2021 13:01:01 -0000 1.125
@@ -16,13 +16,9 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-07-16 09:55+0000\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
-# | What is [-free software?-] {+Free Software?+} - GNU Project - Free
-# | Software Foundation
-#| msgid "What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgid "What is Free Software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"ЧÑо Ñакое ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма? - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного "
@@ -50,8 +46,6 @@
# type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
-# | What is [-free software?-] {+Free Software?+}
-#| msgid "What is free software?"
msgid "What is Free Software?"
msgstr "ЧÑо Ñакое ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?"
@@ -125,74 +119,59 @@
"a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><h3>
-# | Table of [-C-]{+c+}ontents
-#| msgid "Table of Contents"
msgid "Table of contents"
msgstr "СодеÑжание"
# type: Content of: <h2>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-The-]{+<a href=\"#fs-definition\">The+} Free Software [-Definition-]
-# | {+Definition</a>+}
-#| msgid "The Free Software Definition"
msgid "<a href=\"#fs-definition\">The Free Software Definition</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#fs-definition\">ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-The-]{+<a href=\"#four-freedoms\">The+} four essential [-freedoms-]
-# | {+freedoms</a>+}
-#| msgid "The four essential freedoms"
msgid "<a href=\"#four-freedoms\">The four essential freedoms</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#four-freedoms\">ЧеÑÑÑе важнейÑиÑ
ÑвободÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"#selling\">Free software <em>can</em> be commercial</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#selling\">СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
<em>могÑÑ</em> бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкими</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#selling\">СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
<em>могÑÑ</em> бÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑеÑкими</"
+"a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li>
-# | [-Clarifying-]{+<a href=\"#clarifying\">Clarifying+} the [-boundary
-# | between free-] {+Boundary Between Free+} and [-nonfree-] {+Nonfree</a>+}
-#| msgid "Clarifying the boundary between free and nonfree"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#clarifying\">Clarifying the Boundary Between Free and Nonfree</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#clarifying\">РазÑÑÑнение гÑаниÑ
Ñвободного и неÑвободного</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#clarifying\">РазÑÑÑнение гÑаниÑ
Ñвободного и неÑвободного</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-The-]{+<a href=\"#run-the-program\">The+} freedom to run the program as
-# | you [-wish-] {+wish</a>+}
-#| msgid "The freedom to run the program as you wish"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#run-the-program\">The freedom to run the program as you wish</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#run-the-program\">Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº вам Ñгодно</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#run-the-program\">Свобода вÑполнÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº вам Ñгодно</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-The-]{+<a href=\"#make-changes\">The+} freedom to study the source code
-# | and make [-changes-] {+changes</a>+}
-#| msgid "The freedom to study the source code and make changes"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#make-changes\">The freedom to study the source code and make "
"changes</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#make-changes\">Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ вноÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#make-changes\">Свобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ вноÑиÑÑ "
+"изменениÑ</a>"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-The-]{+<a href=\"#redistribute\">The+} freedom to redistribute if you
-# | wish: basic [-requirements-] {+requirements</a>+}
-#| msgid "The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#redistribute\">The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic "
"requirements</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#redistribute\">Свобода пеÑедаваÑÑ
копии, еÑли вам Ñгодно: оÑновнÑе
ÑÑебованиÑ</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#redistribute\">Свобода пеÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸,
еÑли вам Ñгодно: "
+"оÑновнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"#copyleft\">Copyleft</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#copyleft\">ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-Rules-]{+<a href=\"#packaging\">Rules+} about packaging and distribution
-# | [-details-] {+details</a>+}
-#| msgid "Rules about packaging and distribution details"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#packaging\">Rules about packaging and distribution details</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#packaging\">РегламенÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑоÑмлениÑ
и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ</a>"
@@ -206,38 +185,28 @@
msgstr "<a href=\"#legal-details\">ЮÑидиÑеÑкие
ÑообÑажениÑ</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-Contract-based licenses-]{+<a href=\"#contracts\">Contract-based
-# | licenses</a>+}
-#| msgid "Contract-based licenses"
msgid "<a href=\"#contracts\">Contract-based licenses</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#contracts\">ÐиÑензии на оÑнове
конÑÑакÑов</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"#in-practice\">The Free Software Definition in Practice</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#in-practice\">ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑике</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#in-practice\">ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑике</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-How-]{+<a href=\"#interpretation\">How+} we interpret these [-criteria-]
-# | {+criteria</a>+}
-#| msgid "How we interpret these criteria"
msgid "<a href=\"#interpretation\">How we interpret these criteria</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#interpretation\">Ðак Ð¼Ñ ÑÑакÑÑем ÑÑи
кÑиÑеÑии</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-Get-]{+<a href=\"#get-help\">Get+} help with free [-licenses-]
-# | {+licenses</a>+}
-#| msgid "Get help with free licenses"
msgid "<a href=\"#get-help\">Get help with free licenses</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#get-help\">ÐонÑÑлÑÑаÑии по лиÑензиÑм
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
-# | [-Use-]{+<a href=\"#terminology\">Use+} the right words when talking about
-# | free [-software-] {+software</a>+}
-#| msgid "Use the right words when talking about free software"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#terminology\">Use the right words when talking about free "
"software</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"#terminology\">ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
, вÑбиÑайÑе Ñлова</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"#terminology\">ÐовоÑÑ Ð¾ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
, вÑбиÑайÑе Ñлова</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"#beyond-software\">Beyond Software</a>"
@@ -430,9 +399,6 @@
"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
-# | Clarifying the [-boundary between free-] {+Boundary Between Free+} and
-# | [-n-]{+N+}onfree
-#| msgid "Clarifying the boundary between free and nonfree"
msgid "Clarifying the Boundary Between Free and Nonfree"
msgstr "РазÑÑÑнение гÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñвободного и
неÑвободного"
@@ -631,19 +597,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free
-# | software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in
-# | other words, it does not have to be a <a
-# | [-href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>+} license. However, a
-# | license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify as
-# | a free license.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free "
-#| "software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; "
-#| "in other words, it does not have to be a <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
-#| "\">copyleft</a> license. However, a license that requires modified "
-#| "versions to be nonfree does not qualify as a free license."
msgid ""
"Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free "
"software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in "
@@ -684,20 +637,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are
-# | acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For
-# | example, <a [-href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>+} (very simply stated) is
-# | the rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions
-# | to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict
-# | with the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are "
-#| "acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For "
-#| "example, <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> (very simply "
-#| "stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add "
-#| "restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does "
-#| "not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects them."
msgid ""
"Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are "
"acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For "
@@ -806,26 +745,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Sometimes government [-<a id=\"exportcontrol\">export-] {+export+} control
-# | [-regulations</a>-] {+regulations+} and trade sanctions can constrain your
-# | freedom to distribute copies of programs internationally. Software
-# | developers do not have the power to eliminate or override these
-# | restrictions, but what they can and must do is refuse to impose them as
-# | conditions of use of the program. In this way, the restrictions will not
-# | affect activities and people outside the jurisdictions of these
-# | governments. Thus, free software licenses must not require obedience to
-# | any nontrivial export regulations as a condition of exercising any of the
-# | essential freedoms.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</"
-#| "a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
-#| "programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
-#| "eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do "
-#| "is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this "
-#| "way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the "
-#| "jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses must "
-#| "not require obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a condition "
-#| "of exercising any of the essential freedoms."
msgid ""
"Sometimes government export control regulations and trade sanctions can "
"constrain your freedom to distribute copies of programs internationally. "
@@ -837,14 +756,14 @@
"nontrivial export regulations as a condition of exercising any of the "
"essential freedoms."
msgstr ""
-"Ðногда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа
и "
-"ÑоÑговÑе ÑанкÑии могÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм на "
-"междÑнаÑодном ÑÑовне. РазÑабоÑÑики
пÑогÑамм не в ÑилаÑ
ÑÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ обойÑи "
-"ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
как
ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ "
-"они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ
не коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи лÑдей вне "
-"ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. ÐÑак,
лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ "
-"ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа как "
-"ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод."
+"Ðногда гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑкÑпоÑÑа
и ÑоÑговÑе ÑанкÑии могÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиÑÑ "
+"ваÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм на
междÑнаÑодном ÑÑовне. РазÑабоÑÑики "
+"пÑогÑамм не в ÑилаÑ
ÑÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ обойÑи
ÑÑи огÑаниÑениÑ, но оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ "
+"ниÑ
как ÑÑловий иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
они могÑÑ. Таким обÑазом ÑÑи "
+"огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ коÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑелÑноÑÑи
лÑдей вне ÑÑиÑдикÑии ÑÑиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв. "
+"ÐÑак, лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм не
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо "
+"ни бÑло неÑÑивиалÑнÑм пÑавилам ÑкÑпоÑÑа
как ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ñбой из "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
Ñвобод."
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -948,8 +867,6 @@
# type: Content of: <h2>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
-# | The Free Software Definition {+in Practice+}
-#| msgid "The Free Software Definition"
msgid "The Free Software Definition in Practice"
msgstr "ÐпÑеделение Ñвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
пÑакÑике"
@@ -959,29 +876,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-Finally, note-]{+Note+} that criteria such as those stated in this free
-# | software definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To
-# | decide whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software
-# | license, we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits
-# | their spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes
-# | unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate
-# | the issue in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an
-# | issue that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a
-# | lawyer, before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we
-# | reach a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to
-# | make it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software "
-#| "definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide "
-#| "whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, "
-#| "we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their "
-#| "spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes "
-#| "unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate "
-#| "the issue in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an "
-#| "issue that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a "
-#| "lawyer, before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we "
-#| "reach a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to "
-#| "make it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify."
msgid ""
"Note that criteria such as those stated in this free software definition "
"require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide whether a "
@@ -1083,20 +977,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | Another group uses the term “open source” to mean something
-# | close (but not identical) to “free software”. We prefer the
-# | term “free software” because, once you have heard that it
-# | refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The word
-# | “open” [-<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">-] never refers to
-# | [-freedom</a>.-] {+freedom.+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Another group uses the term “open source” to mean something "
-#| "close (but not identical) to “free software”. We prefer the "
-#| "term “free software” because, once you have heard that it "
-#| "refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The word "
-#| "“open” <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"
-#| "\"> never refers to freedom</a>."
msgid ""
"Another group uses the term “open source” to mean something "
"close (but not identical) to “free software”. We prefer the "
@@ -1109,8 +989,7 @@
"пÑогÑаммам” понÑÑиÑ. ÐÑ Ð¿ÑедпоÑиÑаем
ÑеÑмин “ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ "
"пÑогÑамма”, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, как ÑолÑко вÑ
ÑÑлÑÑали, ÑÑо он оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº "
"Ñвободе, а не к ÑÑоимоÑÑи, он ÑÑанеÑ
напоминаÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе. Слово “"
-"оÑкÑÑÑÑй” не "
-"Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº Ñвободе."
+"оÑкÑÑÑÑй” не Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ оÑноÑениÑ
к Ñвободе."
# type: Content of: <h2>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
@@ -1130,15 +1009,6 @@
# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of practical
-# | use — that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge, such as
-# | educational works and reference works. <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://wikipedia.org\">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known example.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of practical "
-#| "use — that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge, such as "
-#| "educational works and reference works. <a href=\"http://wikipedia.org"
-#| "\">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known example."
msgid ""
"The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of practical use "
"— that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge, such as "
@@ -1611,11 +1481,6 @@
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
@@ -1629,11 +1494,6 @@
"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © [-1996, 2002,-] {+1996-2002,+} 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021
-# | Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021 Free Software "
-#| "Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
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