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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy floss-and-foss.es.html free-doc.... |
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Date: |
Mon, 12 Jul 2021 05:31:51 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/07/12 05:31:50
Modified files:
philosophy : floss-and-foss.es.html free-doc.es.html
linux-gnu-freedom.es.html
open-source-misses-the-point.es.html
selling.es.html shouldbefree.es.html
why-free.es.html
philosophy/po : floss-and-foss.es-en.html floss-and-foss.es.po
free-doc.es-en.html free-doc.es.po
linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html
linux-gnu-freedom.es.po
open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html
open-source-misses-the-point.es.po
selling.es-en.html selling.es.po
shouldbefree.es-en.html shouldbefree.es.po
why-free.es-en.html why-free.es.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-doc.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.97&r2=1.98
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/selling.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.70&r2=1.71
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.60&r2=1.61
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.126&r2=1.127
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/selling.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=1.49
Patches:
Index: floss-and-foss.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/floss-and-foss.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- floss-and-foss.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:10 -0000 1.3
+++ floss-and-foss.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.4
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/floss-and-foss.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>FLOSS y FOSS - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>FLOSS y FOSS</h2>
-<p>por <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">por Richard Stallman</address>
+<div class="article">
<p>Las dos corrientes polÃticas dentro de la comunidad de software libre son
el
movimiento de software libre y el código abierto. El movimiento de software
libre es una iniciativa en favor de la <a
@@ -61,6 +69,8 @@
términos porque no queremos ser neutrales en esta cuestión
polÃtica. Nosotros defendemos la libertad y lo demostramos siempre que se
presenta la ocasión diciendo «free» y «libre» o «free/libre».</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -72,7 +82,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -94,7 +104,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -108,7 +118,7 @@
el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -124,11 +134,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:10 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: free-doc.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-doc.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- free-doc.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:10 -0000 1.54
+++ free-doc.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.55
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-doc.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por qué el software libre necesita documentación libre - Proyecto GNU
- Free
@@ -9,17 +12,14 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Por qué el software libre necesita documentación libre</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";> Ãnase a nuestra lista de
-distribución sobre el peligro de los libros electrónicos</a> (en inglés).
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">Licencia de Documentación Libre de
GNU</a></li>
-</ul>
-
+<div class="article">
<p>
La mayor carencia de los sistemas operativos libres no se encuentra en el
software, sino en la falta de buenos manuales libres que los
@@ -56,12 +56,19 @@
Dado que escribir en un buen inglés es una habilidad poco frecuente entre
los programadores, no podemos permitirnos perder manuales de esta forma.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="announcement" role="complementary"><p>
+<a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";> Ãnase a nuestra lista
+de distribución sobre el peligro de los libros electrónicos</a> (en inglés).
+</p></div>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+
<p>
La documentación libre, como el software libre, es una cuestión de
libertad, no de precio. El problema con estos manuales no era que O'Reilly
Associates cobrara un precio por las copias impresas, pues eso de por sà no
está mal (la <cite>Free Software Foundation</cite> también <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/category/books/";>vende copias impresas</a> de <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/category/books/";>vende copias impresas</a> de <a
href="/doc/doc.html">manuales de GNU</a>) que son libres. La diferencia es
que los manuales de GNU están disponibles en forma de código fuente,
mientras que esos manuales están disponibles únicamente en papel. Los
@@ -76,6 +83,10 @@
manera que cada copia de un programa pueda ir acompañada de su manual, en
lÃnea o en papel. El permiso para modificarlo también es crucial.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/licenses/fdl.html">Licencia de Documentación Libre de
GNU</a></li>
+</ul>
+
<p>
Como regla general, no creo que sea indispensable otorgar el permiso para
modificar todo tipo de artÃculos y libros. Las cuestiones relativas a los
@@ -153,6 +164,8 @@
<p>
[Nota: Tenemos una <a href="/doc/other-free-books.html"> página con un
listado de libros libres de otros editores</a>].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -162,7 +175,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -183,7 +196,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -213,8 +226,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
-2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2007, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -229,11 +242,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:10 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
--- linux-gnu-freedom.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:10 -0000 1.52
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.53
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Linux, GNU, y la libertad - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
@@ -15,11 +18,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Linux, GNU y la libertad</h2>
-<p>
- por <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">por Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Dado que en el <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755";>artÃculo
@@ -97,10 +104,10 @@
respeta su libertad. Hay gente como Barr, que quieren que su software esté
«libre de ideologÃas» y critica a cualquiera que diga que la libertad
importa. Hay gente como Torvalds que presionará a nuestra comunidad para que
-use un programa no libre, y desafiará a cualquiera que se queje a ofrecerle
-un programa mejor (técnicamente) o callar. Hay gente que dice que las
-decisiones técnicas no deberÃan ser «politizadas» por consideraciones de
las
-consecuencias sociales.</p>
+use un programa que no es libre, y desafiará a cualquiera que se queje a
+ofrecerle un programa mejor (técnicamente) o callar. Hay gente que dice que
+las decisiones técnicas no deberÃan ser «politizadas» por consideraciones
de
+las consecuencias sociales.</p>
<p>
En la década de 1970, los usuarios de computadores perdieron las libertades
de redistribuir libremente y modificar el software porque no valoraban su
@@ -114,15 +121,14 @@
Television Promotion Act" lang="en">CBDTPA</abbr> (antiguamente <abbr
title="Security Systems Standards and Certification Act" lang="en"
>SSSCA</abbr>), por el Grupo de Discusión de "Protección" de las
-Transmisiones (consulte <a href="http://www.eff.org/";
->http://www.eff.org/</a>) que propone prohibir que el software libre acceda
-a las transmisiones digitales de TV, mediante patentes de software (Europa
-está actualmente considerando si tener patentes de software), mediante los
-acuerdos de Microsoft de no enseñar importantes protocolos, y mediante
-cualquiera que nos tienta con usar un programa que no sea libre que es mejor
-(técnicamente) que los libres disponibles. Podemos perder nuestra libertad
-de nuevo al igual que la perdimos la primera vez, si no nos preocupamos lo
-suficiente en protegerla.</p>
+Transmisiones (consulte <a href="https://www.eff.org/";>www.eff.org</a>) que
+propone prohibir que el software libre acceda a las transmisiones digitales
+de TV, mediante patentes de software (Europa está actualmente considerando
+si tener patentes de software), mediante los acuerdos de Microsoft de no
+enseñar importantes protocolos, y mediante cualquiera que nos tienta con
+usar un programa que no sea libre que es mejor (técnicamente) que los libres
+disponibles. Podemos perder nuestra libertad de nuevo al igual que la
+perdimos la primera vez, si no nos preocupamos lo suficiente en protegerla.</p>
<p>
¿Nos preocuparemos los suficientes? Eso depende de muchas cosas; entre
ellas, cuánta influencia tenga el Proyecto GNU, y cuánta influencia tenga
@@ -136,7 +142,7 @@
mensaje que nosotros daremos es: «Este sistema existe gracias a gente que se
preocupa por la libertad. Ãnete a nosotros, valora tu libertad y juntos
podremos conservarla». Puede consultar la historia en <a
-href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>.</p>
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">El Proyecto GNU</a>.</p>
<p>
Cuando pido a la gente que llamen al sistema GNU/Linux, algunos de ellos me
responden con <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">excusas tontas y argumentos
@@ -162,12 +168,12 @@
<p>
El uso de Bitkeeper para las fuentes de Linux tiene un efecto grave sobre la
comunidad del software libre, porque cualquiera que quiera mantenerse al dÃa
-en los parches de Linux sólo lo puede hacer instalándose ese programa no
-libre. Debe de haber docenas o incluso cientos de hackers del núcleo que han
-hecho esto. Muchos de ellos se están convenciendo gradualmente de que está
-bien usar software no libre, para evitar un sentimiento de disonancia
-cognitiva sobre la presencia de Bitkeeper en sus máquinas. ¿Qué puede
-hacerse al respecto?</p>
+en los parches de Linux solo lo puede hacer instalándose ese programa
+privativo. Debe de haber docenas o incluso cientos de hackers del núcleo que
+han hecho esto. Muchos de ellos se están convenciendo gradualmente de que
+está bien usar software que no es libre, para evitar un sentimiento de
+disonancia cognitiva sobre la presencia de Bitkeeper en sus máquinas. ¿Qué
+puede hacerse al respecto?</p>
<p>
Una solución es montar otro repositorio para las fuentes de Linux, usando
CVS u otro sistema de control de versiones libre, y prepararlo para que se
@@ -177,19 +183,19 @@
frecuentemente.</p>
<p>
La FSF no puede hacer esto, porque no podemos instalar Bitkeeper en nuestras
-máquinas. No tenemos sistemas o aplicaciones no libres en ellas actualmente,
-y nuestros principios dicen que debemos mantenerlo asÃ. Este repositorio
-deberÃa llevarlo alguien que esté dispuesto a tener Bitkeeper en su máquina,
-a menos que alguien pueda encontrar o desarrollar un modo de hacerlo usando
-software libre.</p>
+máquinas. Actualmente no tenemos en ellas sistemas o aplicaciones que no
+sean libres, y nuestros principios dicen que debemos mantenerlo asÃ. Este
+repositorio deberÃa llevarlo alguien que esté dispuesto a tener Bitkeeper en
+su máquina, a menos que alguien pueda encontrar o desarrollar un modo de
+hacerlo usando software libre.</p>
<p>
Las mismas fuentes de Linux tienen un problema incluso más serio con el
-software no libre: de hecho contienen software de este tipo. Bastantes
-controladores de dispositivos tienen series de números que representan
-programas firmware para ser instalados en el dispositivo. Estos programas no
-son software libre. Unos pocos números para ser depositados en registros de
-un dispositivo son una cosa; un programa relevante en binario es otra
-completamente distinta.</p>
+software que no es libre: de hecho contienen software de este
+tipo. Bastantes controladores de dispositivos tienen series de números que
+representan programas firmware para ser instalados en el dispositivo. Estos
+programas no son software libre. Unos pocos números para ser depositados en
+registros de un dispositivo son una cosa; un programa relevante en binario
+es otra completamente distinta.</p>
<p>
La presencia de estos programas únicamente en binario dentro de los archivos
de «código» de Linux crea un problema secundario: saca a la luz si los
@@ -201,36 +207,40 @@
Los desarrolladores de Linux tienen un plan para mover estos programas de
firmware a archivos separados; llevará unos años madurarlo, pero cuando esté
completo solucionará el problema secundario; podrÃamos hacer una versión
-«Linux libre» que no tenga ni siquiera los archivos de firmware no
+«Linux libre» que no tenga ni siquiera los archivos de firmware que no son
libres. Eso por sà mismo no servirá de mucho si la mayorÃa de la gente usa
-la versión de Linux «oficial» y no libre. Esto podrÃa ocurrir
probablemente,
-porque en muchas plataformas la versión libre no podrá ejecutarse sin el
-firmware no libre. El proyecto «Linux libre» tendrá que deducir lo que hace
-el firmware y escribir el código fuente para ello, quizás en lenguaje
-ensamblador para cualquiera que sea el procesador empotrado en el que se
-ejecute. Es una tarea abrumadora. Lo serÃa menos si lo hubiéramos hecho poco
-a poco estos últimos años, en lugar de dejar que se amontonase. Para
-conseguir gente que haga este trabajo, tendremos que superar la idea,
-promulgada por varios desarrolladores de Linux, de que esta tarea no es
-necesaria. </p>
+la versión de Linux «oficial», que no es libre. Esto podrÃa ocurrir
+probablemente, porque en muchas plataformas la versión libre no podrá
+ejecutarse sin el firmware que no es libre. El proyecto «Linux libre» tendrá
+que deducir lo que hace el firmware y escribir el código fuente para ello,
+quizás en lenguaje ensamblador para cualquiera que sea el procesador
+empotrado en el que se ejecute. Es una tarea abrumadora. Lo serÃa menos si
+lo hubiéramos hecho poco a poco estos últimos años, en lugar de dejar que se
+amontonase. Para conseguir gente que haga este trabajo, tendremos que
+superar la idea, promulgada por varios desarrolladores de Linux, de que esta
+tarea no es necesaria. </p>
<p>
Linux, el núcleo, es a menudo considerado como el sÃmbolo del software
-libre, sin embargo su versión actual es parcialmente no libre. ¿Cómo
ocurrió
+libre, sin embargo su versión actual no es totalmente libre. ¿Cómo ocurrió
esto? Este problema, como la decisión de usar Bitkeeper, refleja la actitud
del desarrollador original de Linux, una persona que considera que lo
«técnicamente mejor» es más importante que la libertad.</p>
<p>
Valore su libertad, o la perderá, nos enseña la historia. «No nos
molestéis
con polÃtica», responden aquellosque no quieren aprender.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<p id="update">
<strong>Actualización:</strong> Desde 2005 BitKeeper ya no se usa para
controlar el código fuente del núcleo Linux; lea el artÃculo «<a
href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>». El código fuente
de Linux todavÃa contiene <span style="font-style:italic;">firmware</span>
-binario. No obstante, en 2008, se mantiene <a
+binario que no es libre. No obstante, en 2008, se mantiene <a
href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux">una versión libre de Linux</a> para
que se pueda usar en distribuciones GNU/Linux.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -239,7 +249,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -260,7 +270,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -274,7 +284,7 @@
el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2017, 2019 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2017, 2019, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -289,11 +299,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:10 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.97
retrieving revision 1.98
diff -u -b -r1.97 -r1.98
--- open-source-misses-the-point.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:11 -0000
1.97
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000
1.98
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por qué el «código abierto» pierde de vista lo esencial del
software libre -
@@ -9,13 +12,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Por qué el «código abierto» pierde de vista lo esencial del software
libre</h2>
<address class="byline">por Richard Stallman</address>
<div class="article">
-
-<blockquote class="comment"><p>
+<div class="important"><p>
Las expresiones «software libre» y «código abierto» («<cite>open
source</cite>») se refieren aproximadamente al mismo conjunto de
programas. No obstante, al basarse en valores diferentes, lo que dicen
@@ -25,7 +31,7 @@
valora principalmente las ventajas prácticas y no defiende principios. Esta
es la razón por la que estamos en desacuerdo con la campaña del código
abierto y no empleamos esa expresión.
-</p></blockquote>
+</p></div>
<p>Cuando decimos que el software es «libre», nos referimos a que respeta <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">las libertades esenciales del usuario</a>:
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@
campaña después de entonces y hacen la misma asociación de conceptos. La
mayorÃa de los debates del «código abierto» no prestan atención a lo que
es
correcto o incorrecto, sino solo a la popularidad y al éxito. Este es un <a
-href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html";>ejemplo
+href="https://linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html";>ejemplo
tÃpico</a>. Existe una minorÃa de partidarios del código abierto que hoy en
dÃa sà mencionan que la libertad forma parte del asunto, pero no son muy
visibles entre los muchos que no lo hacen.</p>
@@ -214,7 +220,7 @@
hacer con el código».</p>
<p>El <cite>New York Times</cite> publicó <a
-href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>un
+href="https://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>un
artÃculo que ampliaba el significado del término</a> para referirse a las
pruebas de los programas beta por parte de los usuarios (se permite a unos
cuantos usuarios probar una versión inicial para que den su opinión de forma
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@
durante décadas.</p>
<p>El término se ha ampliado para incluir los diseños de máquinas <a
-href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution";>publicados
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution";>publicados
sin patente</a>. Los diseños de máquinas libres de patentes son una loable
contribución a la sociedad, pero la expresión «código fuente» no es
aplicable a ellos.</p>
@@ -254,7 +260,7 @@
invita a la gente a participar. Estiran tanto el término que ya no significa
más que «participación» o «transparencia», o aún menos que eso. Lo peor
es
que se ha convertido en una <a
-href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html";>hueca
+href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html";>hueca
expresión de moda</a>.</p>
<h3>Valores diferentes pueden llevar a conclusiones similares, pero no
siempre</h3>
@@ -321,7 +327,7 @@
ponerles cada vez más trabas. Esta caracterÃstica perversa se conoce como
«gestión digital de restricciones» <abbr title="Digital Restrictions
Management">DRM</abbr> (véase <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>), y en su
+href="https://defectivebydesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>), y en su
espÃritu es la antÃtesis de la libertad que el software libre busca
proporcionar. Y no solo en espÃritu. Puesto que el objetivo del DRM es
pisotear nuestra libertad, quienes lo desarrollan tratan de que nos resulte
@@ -448,10 +454,10 @@
libertad. Tenemos que decir más a menudo y más alto que nunca: «¡Es
software
libre y te brinda libertad!». Cada vez que se dice «software libre» en lugar
de «código abierto» se está apoyando nuestra causa.</p>
-
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
</div>
-<h4>Nota</h4>
+<h3 class="footnote">Nota</h3>
<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
<p>
@@ -462,12 +468,13 @@
-->
<p>
En un <a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>ensayo
+href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>ensayo
acerca de la motivación de los programadores de software libre</a> Lakhani y
Wolf sostienen que muchos de ellos están motivados por la idea de que el
software debe ser libre. Y eso a pesar de que llevaron a cabo la encuesta en
<cite>SourceForge</cite>, un sitio que no apoya la idea de que este es un
asunto ético.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -482,7 +489,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -504,7 +511,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -518,8 +525,7 @@
el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard
-Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019-2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -535,11 +541,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:11 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: selling.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/selling.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.70
retrieving revision 1.71
diff -u -b -r1.70 -r1.71
--- selling.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:11 -0000 1.70
+++ selling.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.71
@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/selling.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>La venta de software libre - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation
</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>La venta de software libre</h2>
<p><em>También disponible: <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"
>algunas consideraciones sobre la idea de vender excepciones a las licencias
de software libre, como la GPL de GNU</a>.</em></p>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<p>
Muchos creen que el espÃritu del proyecto GNU es que no se deberÃa cobrar
dinero por distribuir copias de software, o que se deberÃa cobrar lo menos
@@ -184,6 +193,8 @@
distraemos con cuestiones secundarias como el precio que se cobra por
distribuir software. Nuestra única preocupación es la libertad, esa es toda
la cuestión y lo único que importa.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -193,7 +204,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -214,7 +225,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -244,8 +255,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2001, 2007, 2015-2018, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -261,7 +272,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:11 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: shouldbefree.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- shouldbefree.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:11 -0000 1.41
+++ shouldbefree.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.42
@@ -1,19 +1,26 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/shouldbefree.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por qué el software debe ser libre - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
Foundation </title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Por qué el software debe ser libre</h2>
-<p>
-por <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<h3 id="introduction">Introducción</h3>
-<p>
+<address class="byline">por <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="article">
+<p id="introduction">
La existencia de software plantea inevitablemente la cuestión sobre qué
decisiones deberÃan tomarse respecto a su uso. Por ejemplo, supongamos que
una persona que tiene una copia de un programa se encuentra con otra a quien
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@
palabras, escribir <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">software
«libre»</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification">Cómo justifican su poder los propietarios</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">Cómo justifican su poder los
propietarios</h3>
<p>
Aquellos que se benefician del sistema actual, en el que los programas son
concebidos como objetos de propiedad, esgrimen dos argumentos en favor de su
@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@
decisión de que el software tenga propietarios. Formular la elección entre
software privativo y ausencia de software es una petición de principio.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners">El argumento en contra de la propiedad del
software</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">El argumento en contra de la
propiedad del software</h3>
<p>
La pregunta que se nos plantea es, «¿deberÃa el software estar vinculado
a
la existencia de dueños para, de esa manera, restringir su uso?»</p>
@@ -500,7 +507,7 @@
privativo tiene probabilidades de éxito en sus propios y estrechos términos,
pero no es lo que beneficia a la sociedad.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop">Por qué la gente desarrollará software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Por qué la gente desarrollará
software</h3>
<p>
Si eliminamos los derechos de autor como forma de animar a la gente a
desarrollar software, al principio se desarrollará una menor cantidad de
@@ -655,7 +662,7 @@
como han aprendido a ayudar a las emisoras de radio o a las cadenas de
televisión públicas.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity">Qué es la productividad de software </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">Qué es la productividad de software
</h3>
<p>
Si el software fuese libre seguirÃa habiendo programadores, pero quizá
menos. ¿SerÃa esto perjudicial para la sociedad?</p>
@@ -692,7 +699,7 @@
en el segundo y más limitado sentido del término, en donde la mejora precisa
de complejos avances tecnológicos.</p>
-<h3 id="competition">¿Es inevitable la competencia?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">¿Es inevitable la competencia?</h3>
<p>
¿Es inevitable que la gente trate de competir y superar a sus rivales en la
sociedad? Puede que asà sea. Pero la competencia en sà misma no es dañina;
@@ -738,7 +745,7 @@
sociedad se despilfarran en el equivalente económico de una guerra civil
entre distintas facciones.</p>
-<h3 id="communism">«¿Por qué no nos vamos a Rusia?»</h3>
+<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">«¿Por qué no nos vamos a Rusia?»</h3>
<p>
En los Estados Unidos de Nortemérica, cualquier partidario de otra cosa que
no sea la forma más extrema de laissez-faire ha oÃdo a menudo esta
@@ -770,7 +777,7 @@
AsÃ, si fuésemos a juzgar posturas por su parecido al comunismo ruso, son
los propietarios de software quienes son comunistas.</p>
-<h3 id="premises">La cuestión de las premisas</h3>
+<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">La cuestión de las premisas</h3>
<p>
En este texto, parto del supuesto de que un usuario de software no es menos
importante que un autor, o incluso que el jefe del autor. En otras palabras,
@@ -813,7 +820,7 @@
hecho de que es una posición adoptada por la derecha radical, no
tradicionalmente reconocida.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusión</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusión</h3>
<p>
Nos gusta pensar que nuestra sociedad promueve la solidaridad con el
prójimo, pero cada vez que recompensamos a alguien por su obstruccionismo o
@@ -836,9 +843,10 @@
libre pueda contribuir a esto: al menos en un área, reemplazaremos la jungla
por un sistema más eficiente que anime y se base en la cooperación
voluntaria.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Notas</h3>
+<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Notas</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">La palabra «<em>free</em>» en «<em>free software</em>» se
refiere a la
@@ -869,11 +877,14 @@
programa cuyo uso se considere destructivo.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Este ensayo está publicado en el libro <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>Este ensayo está publicado en el libro <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
libre para una sociedad libre: Selección de ensayos de Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -883,7 +894,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -904,7 +915,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -919,7 +930,7 @@
</div>
<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017, 2018,
-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -936,7 +947,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:11 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-free.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.60
retrieving revision 1.61
diff -u -b -r1.60 -r1.61
--- why-free.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:11 -0000 1.60
+++ why-free.es.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.61
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-free.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Por qué el software no debe tener propietarios - Proyecto GNU - Free
@@ -13,10 +16,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Por qué el software no debe tener propietarios</h2>
-<p>por <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">por <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Las tecnologÃas digitales de la información contribuyen al mundo haciendo
que sea más fácil copiar y modificar información. Las computadoras prometen
@@ -313,17 +321,22 @@
<p>
Usted merece el software libre.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-<h3>Notas</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Nota</h3>
<ol>
<li id="footnote1">Los cargos se retiraron.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Este ensayo está publicado en el libro <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>Este ensayo está publicado en el libro <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Software
libre para una sociedad libre: Selección de ensayos de Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -333,7 +346,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -354,7 +367,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -384,7 +397,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1994, 2009, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1994, 2009, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -405,11 +418,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:11 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/floss-and-foss.es-en.html 31 Mar 2021 09:01:12 -0000 1.1
+++ po/floss-and-foss.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>FLOSS and FOSS - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>FLOSS and FOSS</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+<div class="article">
<p>The two political camps in the free software community are the free
software movement and open source. The free software movement is a
campaign
@@ -55,12 +63,12 @@
stand for freedom, and we show it every time—by saying
“free” and “libre”— or “free
(libre)”.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -78,18 +86,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -99,10 +107,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/03/31 09:01:12 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/floss-and-foss.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/floss-and-foss.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/floss-and-foss.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:46 -0000 1.7
+++ po/floss-and-foss.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.8
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
msgid "FLOSS and FOSS"
msgstr "FLOSS y FOSS"
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr "por Richard Stallman"
Index: po/free-doc.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/free-doc.es-en.html 29 Dec 2019 11:00:52 -0000 1.29
+++ po/free-doc.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
-<title>Why Free Software needs Free Documentation
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<h2>Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
-<h2>Why Free Software needs Free Documentation</h2>
-
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
-about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">The GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
-</ul>
-
+<div class="article">
<p>
The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the
software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include
@@ -53,12 +51,19 @@
Given that writing good English is a rare skill among programmers, we
can ill afford to lose manuals this way.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="announcement" role="complementary"><p>
+<a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
+about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
+</p></div>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+
<p>
Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not
price. The problem with these manuals was not that O'Reilly
Associates charged a price for printed copies—that in itself is
fine. (The Free Software Foundation
-<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/category/books/";>sells printed
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/category/books/";>sells printed
copies</a> of free <a href="/doc/doc.html">GNU manuals</a>, too.) But
GNU manuals are available in source code form, while these manuals are
available only on paper. GNU manuals come with permission to copy and
@@ -71,6 +76,10 @@
permitted, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program,
on line or on paper. Permission for modification is crucial too.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/licenses/fdl.html">The GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
+</ul>
+
<p>
As a general rule, I don't believe that it is essential for people to
have permission to modify all sorts of articles and books. The issues
@@ -147,10 +156,12 @@
<p>
[Note: We maintain a <a href="/doc/other-free-books.html">page
that lists free books available from other publishers</a>].</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -168,13 +179,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -195,8 +206,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-2007, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -206,10 +217,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/29 11:00:52 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/free-doc.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- po/free-doc.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:46 -0000 1.44
+++ po/free-doc.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.45
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.2.1\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
-# | Why Free Software [-n-]{+N+}eeds Free Documentation - GNU Project - Free
-# | Software Foundation
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
"Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation - GNU Project - Free Software "
@@ -35,7 +33,6 @@
"Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <h2>
-# | Why Free Software [-n-]{+N+}eeds Free Documentation
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Why Free Software Needs Free Documentation"
msgstr "Por qué el software libre necesita documentación libre"
@@ -114,8 +111,6 @@
"Dado que escribir en un buen inglés es una habilidad poco frecuente entre "
"los programadores, no podemos permitirnos perder manuales de esta forma."
-# | <a href=\"http{+s+}://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\">Join our mailing
-# | list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
@@ -125,15 +120,6 @@
"de distribución sobre el peligro de los libros electrónicos</a> (en
inglés)."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price.
-# | The problem with these manuals was not that O'Reilly Associates charged a
-# | price for printed copies—that in itself is fine. (The Free Software
-# | Foundation <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/category/books/\">sells
-# | printed copies</a> of free <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">GNU manuals</a>,
-# | too.) But GNU manuals are available in source code form, while these
-# | manuals are available only on paper. GNU manuals come with permission to
-# | copy and modify; the Perl manuals do not. These restrictions are the
-# | problems.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
@@ -172,8 +158,6 @@
"lÃnea o en papel. El permiso para modificarlo también es crucial."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <a [-href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\">The-] {+href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">The+}
-# | GNU Free Documentation License</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">The GNU Free Documentation License</a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -389,11 +373,7 @@
"\">GuÃa para las traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la "
"coordinación y el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web."
-# | Copyright © [-2014,-] {+1996-2007, 2009,+} 2015, 2016, [-2017-]
-# | {+2019, 2021+} Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1996-2007, 2009, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:32 -0000 1.25
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.26
@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
-<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and Freedom
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and Freedom</h2>
-<p>
- by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Since <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755";>Joe
Barr's
@@ -94,7 +101,7 @@
There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
- use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ use of a nonfree program, and challenge anyone who complains to
provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
“politicized” by consideration of their social
@@ -111,11 +118,11 @@
Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
(formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
- (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/";>http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ (see <a href="https://www.eff.org/";>www.eff.org</a>) which
proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
- protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a nonfree program
that is “better” (technically) than available free
programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
@@ -123,17 +130,17 @@
Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
- freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between nonfree and
free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
- influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
- ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ influential—and that message says, “Nonfree software is
+ OK; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
is, “This system exists because of people who care about
freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
it.”
- See <a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ See <a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">The GNU Project</a>
for the history.</p>
<p>
When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
@@ -150,7 +157,7 @@
Project campaign for freedom.</p>
<p>
Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
- the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ the nonfree version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
like to address that issue as well.</p>
<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
@@ -159,10 +166,10 @@
<p>
The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
- patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that nonfree program.
There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
- to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ to use nonfree software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
can be done about this?</p>
<p>
@@ -173,14 +180,14 @@
That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
<p>
The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
- machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ machines. We have no nonfree systems or applications on them now,
and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
to do it using free software.</p>
<p>
The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
- non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ nonfree software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
@@ -196,11 +203,11 @@
The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
- “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the nonfree
firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
- use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ use the nonfree “official” version of Linux. That may
well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
- without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ without the nonfree firmware. The “free Linux” project
will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
@@ -210,7 +217,7 @@
that the job is not necessary.</p>
<p>
Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
- software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ software, yet its current version is partially nonfree. How did
this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
who thinks that “technically better” is more important
@@ -219,19 +226,23 @@
Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<p id="update">
<strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
- McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain nonfree firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -249,16 +260,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2017, 2019 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2017, 2019, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -268,10 +279,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:32 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:47 -0000 1.38
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.39
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.2.1\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
-# | Linux, GNU, and [-f-]{+F+}reedom - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Linux, GNU, and Freedom - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Linux, GNU, y la libertad - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -48,12 +47,10 @@
"de usuarios de Linux de Austin."
# type: Content of: <h2>
-# | Linux, GNU, and [-f-]{+F+}reedom
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Linux, GNU, and Freedom"
msgstr "Linux, GNU y la libertad"
-# | by Richard {+M.+} Stallman
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by Richard M. Stallman"
msgstr "por Richard M. Stallman"
@@ -221,16 +218,6 @@
"menosprecie los esfuerzos del Proyecto GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays into the
-# | hands of people who choose their software based only on technical
-# | advantage, not caring whether it respects their freedom. There are people
-# | like Barr, that want their software “free from ideology” and
-# | criticize anyone that says freedom matters. There are people like
-# | Torvalds that will pressure our community into use of a non[---]free
-# | program, and challenge anyone who complains to provide a (technically)
-# | better program immediately or shut up. There are people who say that
-# | technical decisions should not be “politicized” by
-# | consideration of their social consequences.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays into the "
@@ -270,19 +257,6 @@
"por aquello en lo que creÃan."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is
-# | threatened by the <abbr title=\"Consumer Broadband and Digital Television
-# | Promotion Act\">CBDTPA</abbr> (formerly <abbr title=\"Security Systems
-# | Standards and Certification Act\">SSSCA</abbr>), by the Broadcast
-# | “Protection” Discussion Group (see <a
-# | [-href=\"http://www.eff.org/\";>http://www.eff.org/</a>)-]
-# | {+href=\"https://www.eff.org/\";>www.eff.org</a>)+} which proposes to
-# | prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts, by software
-# | patents (Europe is now considering whether to have software patents), by
-# | Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital protocols, and by everyone
-# | who tempts us with a non[---]free program that is “better”
-# | (technically) than available free programs. We can lose our freedom again
-# | just as we lost it the first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is "
@@ -314,20 +288,6 @@
"protegerla."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them, how much
-# | influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus Torvalds has.
-# | The GNU Project says, “Value your freedom!”. Joe Barr says,
-# | “Choose between non[---]free and free programs on technical grounds
-# | alone!”. If people credit Torvalds as the main developer of the
-# | GNU/Linux system, that's not just inaccurate, it also makes his message
-# | more influential—and that message says, “Non[---]free software
-# | is [-ok;-] {+OK;+} I use it and develop it myself.” If they
-# | recognize our role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will
-# | give them is, “This system exists because of people who care about
-# | freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
-# | it.” See <a
-# |
[-href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">The GNU Project</a>+} for the history.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them, how much "
@@ -390,9 +350,6 @@
"del Proyecto GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper, the
-# | non[---]free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd like
-# | to address that issue as well.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper, the "
@@ -414,13 +371,6 @@
msgstr "(Vea una <a href=\"#update\">actualización</a> al final.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the free
-# | software community, because anyone who wants to closely track patches to
-# | Linux can only do it by installing that non[---]free program. There must
-# | be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done this. Most of
-# | them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok to use non[---]free
-# | software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive dissonance about the
-# | presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What can be done about this?
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the free "
@@ -457,12 +407,6 @@
"frecuentemente."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
-# | machines. We have no non[---]free systems or applications on them now,
-# | and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
-# | repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to have
-# | Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way to do it
-# | using free software.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our "
@@ -479,12 +423,6 @@
"hacerlo usando software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
-# | non[---]free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
-# | drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to be
-# | installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A few
-# | numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a substantial
-# | program in binary is another.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with nonfree "
@@ -520,20 +458,6 @@
"binarios a la fuente de Linux viola laGPL."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs into
-# | separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when completed it
-# | will solve the secondary problem; we could make a “free Linux”
-# | version that doesn't have the non[---]free firmware files. That by itself
-# | won't do much good if most people use the non[---]free
-# | “official” version of Linux. That may well occur, because on
-# | many platforms the free version won't run without the non[---]free
-# | firmware. The “free Linux” project will have to figure out
-# | what the firmware does and write source code for it, perhaps in assembler
-# | language for whatever embedded processor it runs on. It's a daunting job.
-# | It would be less daunting if we had done it little by little over the
-# | years, rather than letting it mount up. In recruiting people to do this
-# | job, we will have to overcome the idea, spread by some Linux developers,
-# | that the job is not necessary.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs into "
@@ -567,11 +491,6 @@
"tarea no es necesaria. "
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free software,
-# | yet its current version is partially non[---]free. How did this happen?
-# | This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper, reflects the attitude of
-# | the original developer of Linux, a person who thinks that
-# | “technically better” is more important than freedom.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free software, yet "
@@ -596,12 +515,6 @@
"con polÃtica», responden aquellosque no quieren aprender."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper is no longer used to manage
-# | the Linux kernel source tree. See the article, <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/mcvoy.html\">Thank You, Larry McVoy</a>. The Linux
-# | sources still contain non[---]free firmware blobs, but as of January 2008,
-# | a <a href=\"//directory.fsf.org/project/linux\"> free version of Linux</a>
-# | is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux distributions.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper is no longer used to manage "
Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html 27 Apr 2021 09:00:32 -0000
1.50
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000
1.51
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<h2>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</h2>
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<div class="article">
-
-<blockquote class="comment"><p>
+<div class="important"><p>
The terms “free software” and “open
source” stand for almost the same range of programs. However,
they say deeply different things about those programs, based on
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@
By contrast, the open source idea values mainly practical advantage
and does not campaign for principles. This is why we do not agree
with open source, and do not use that term.
-</p></blockquote>
+</p></div>
<p>When we call software “free,” we mean that it respects
the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">users' essential freedoms</a>:
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@
of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
association. Most discussion of “open source” pays no
attention to right and wrong, only to popularity and success; here's
-a <a
href="http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html";>
+a <a
href="https://linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html";>
typical example</a>. A minority of supporters of open source do
nowadays say freedom is part of the issue, but they are not very visible
among the many that don't.</p>
@@ -200,8 +206,8 @@
agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that
code.”</p>
-<p>The <i>New York
-Times</i> <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
+<p>The <cite>New York Times</cite> <a
+href="https://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
ran an article that stretched the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@
<p>The term has even been stretched to include designs for equipment
that
-are <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution";>published
+are <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution";>published
without a patent</a>. Patent-free equipment designs can be laudable
contributions to society, but the term “source code” does
not pertain to them.</p>
@@ -242,7 +248,7 @@
people to participate. They stretch the term so far that it only
means “participatory” or “transparent”, or
less than that. At worst, it
-has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html";>
+has <a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html";>
become a vacuous buzzword</a>.</p>
<h3>Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions—but Not Always</h3>
@@ -305,7 +311,7 @@
individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict
them. This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions
Management (DRM) (see <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
+href="https://defectivebydesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>) and is
the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims
to provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to
trample your freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible,
@@ -428,10 +434,10 @@
free software and it gives you freedom!”—more and louder
than ever. Every time you say “free software” rather than
“open source,” you help our cause.</p>
-
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
</div>
-<h4>Note</h4>
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
<!-- The article is incomplete (#793776) as of 21st January 2013.
<p>
@@ -441,18 +447,17 @@
-->
<p>
Lakhani and Wolf's <a
-href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>
+href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>
paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
issue.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -470,18 +475,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019-2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -491,10 +496,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/27 09:00:32 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.126
retrieving revision 1.127
diff -u -b -r1.126 -r1.127
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:47 -0000
1.126
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000
1.127
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
"Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <h2>
-# | Why Open Source [-m-]{+M+}isses the [-p-]{+P+}oint of Free Software
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software"
msgstr ""
@@ -159,24 +158,6 @@
"filosóficas bien diferentes de las del movimiento del software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a
-# | “marketing campaign for free software,” which would appeal to
-# | business executives by highlighting the software's practical benefits,
-# | while not raising issues of right and wrong that they might not like to
-# | hear. Other supporters flatly rejected the free software movement's
-# | ethical and social values. Whichever their views, when campaigning for
-# | open source, they neither cited nor advocated those values. The term
-# | “open source” quickly became associated with ideas and
-# | arguments based only on practical values, such as making or having
-# | powerful, reliable software. Most of the supporters of open source have
-# | come to it since then, and they make the same association. Most
-# | discussion of “open source” pays no attention to right and
-# | wrong, only to popularity and success; here's a <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html\";>-]
-# |
{+href=\"https://linuxinsider.com/story/Open-Source-Is-Woven-Into-the-Latest-Hottest-Trends-78937.html\";>+}
-# | typical example</a>. A minority of supporters of open source do nowadays
-# | say freedom is part of the issue, but they are not very visible among the
-# | many that don't.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a “marketing "
@@ -490,12 +471,6 @@
"permite hacer con el código»."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The [-<i>New-] {+<cite>New+} York [-Times</i>-] {+Times</cite>+} <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html\">
-# | ran an article that stretched the meaning of the term</a> to refer to user
-# | beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and give
-# | confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers have
-# | practiced for decades.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The <cite>New York Times</cite> <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/external/";
@@ -513,12 +488,6 @@
"su opinión de forma confidencial), algo que los programadores de software "
"privativo han hecho durante décadas."
-# | The term has even been stretched to include designs for equipment that are
-# | <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/aug/27/texas-teenager-water-purifier-toxic-e-waste-pollution\">published
-# | without a patent</a>. Patent-free equipment designs can be laudable
-# | contributions to society, but the term “source code” does not
-# | pertain to them.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The term has even been stretched to include designs for equipment that are "
@@ -577,16 +546,6 @@
"GPL de GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | The term “open source” has been further stretched by its
-# | application to other activities, such as government, education, and
-# | science, where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria
-# | for software licensing are simply not pertinent. The only thing these
-# | activities have in common is that they somehow invite people to
-# | participate. They stretch the term so far that it only means
-# | “participatory” or “transparent”, or less than
-# | that. At worst, it has <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/morozov-open-and-closed.html\">
-# | become a vacuous buzzword</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “open source” has been further stretched by its "
@@ -748,16 +707,6 @@
"se proponen hacer lo mismo en programas de código abierto."
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for
-# | individuals to use is increasingly designed specifically to restrict them.
-# | This malicious feature is known as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM)
-# | (see <a
-# | [-href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/\";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)-]
-# | {+href=\"https://defectivebydesign.org\";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>)+} and
-# | is the antithesis in spirit of the freedom that free software aims to
-# | provide. And not just in spirit: since the goal of DRM is to trample your
-# | freedom, DRM developers try to make it hard, impossible, or even illegal
-# | for you to change the software that implements the DRM.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Under pressure from the movie and record companies, software for individuals "
@@ -1057,13 +1006,6 @@
msgstr "Nota"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | Lakhani and Wolf's <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf\">
-# | paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
-# | considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
-# | free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
-# | SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
-# | issue.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
@@ -1134,12 +1076,7 @@
"\">GuÃa para las traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la "
"coordinación y el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web."
-# | Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, [-2019, 2020, 2021-]
-# | {+2019-2021+} Richard Stallman
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard "
-#| "Stallman"
msgid ""
"Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019-2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
Index: po/selling.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/selling.es-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000 1.32
+++ po/selling.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Selling Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/selling.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Selling Free Software</h2>
<p><em><a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Some views on the
ideas of selling exceptions to free software licenses, such as the GNU
GPL</a> are also available.</em></p>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<p>
Many people believe that the spirit of the GNU Project is that you
should not charge money for distributing copies of software, or that
@@ -180,10 +189,12 @@
defending freedom. When we defend users' freedom, we are not
distracted by side issues such as how much of a distribution fee is
charged. Freedom is the issue, the whole issue, and the only issue.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -201,13 +212,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -228,7 +239,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2001, 2007, 2015-2018, 2021
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -239,7 +250,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/selling.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/selling.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- po/selling.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:47 -0000 1.59
+++ po/selling.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.60
@@ -449,12 +449,7 @@
"coordinación y el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © [-1996, 1997, 1998,-] {+1996-1998,+} 2001, 2007, [-2015,
-# | 2016, 2017, 2018-] {+2015-2018, 2021+} Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 "
-#| "Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1996-1998, 2001, 2007, 2015-2018, 2021 Free Software "
"Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/shouldbefree.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- po/shouldbefree.es-en.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:18 -0000 1.25
+++ po/shouldbefree.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.26
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
-<p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="article">
+<p id="introduction">
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
individual who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free”
software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">How Owners Justify Their
Power</h3>
<p>
Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@
have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
versus no software is begging the question.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having Owners</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">The Argument against Having
Owners</h3>
<p>
The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked
with having owners to restrict the use of it?”</p>
@@ -483,7 +491,7 @@
making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
<p>
If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
@@ -629,7 +637,7 @@
developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
radio and television stations.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
<p>
If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?</p>
@@ -664,7 +672,7 @@
productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
-<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
<p>
Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
@@ -708,7 +716,7 @@
prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
-<h3 id="communism">“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”</h3>
+<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">“Why Don't You Move to
Russia?”</h3>
<p>
In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
@@ -738,7 +746,7 @@
Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
-<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">The Question of Premises</h3>
<p>
I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
@@ -780,7 +788,7 @@
awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusion</h3>
<p>
We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
@@ -802,9 +810,10 @@
others. I hope that the free software movement will contribute to
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">The word “free” in “free software”
@@ -831,15 +840,18 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -857,16 +869,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017,
2018, 2020 Free
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017,
2018, 2020, 2021 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -877,7 +889,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:18 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/shouldbefree.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- po/shouldbefree.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:47 -0000 1.26
+++ po/shouldbefree.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.27
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
msgstr "Por qué el software debe ser libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | by <a href=\"http{+s+}://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr "por <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
@@ -1880,10 +1879,6 @@
"<em>completamente</em> inaccesible, como serÃa de desear en el caso de un "
"programa cuyo uso se considere destructivo."
-# | This essay is published in <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free
-# | Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M.
-# | Stallman</cite></a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This essay is published in <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
Index: po/why-free.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- po/why-free.es-en.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:18 -0000 1.27
+++ po/why-free.es-en.html 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="aboutfs" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Software Should Not Have Owners
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
@@ -7,12 +10,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Why Software Should Not Have Owners</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it
easier to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this
@@ -297,21 +304,26 @@
<p>
You deserve free software.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="footnote1">The charges were subsequently dismissed.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
+<p>This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -329,13 +341,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -356,7 +368,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1994, 2009, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1994, 2009, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -366,10 +378,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:18 $
+$Date: 2021/07/12 09:31:50 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/why-free.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.48
retrieving revision 1.49
diff -u -b -r1.48 -r1.49
--- po/why-free.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:00:47 -0000 1.48
+++ po/why-free.es.po 12 Jul 2021 09:31:50 -0000 1.49
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
msgstr "Por qué el software no debe tener propietarios"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | by <a href=\"http{+s+}://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr "por <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
@@ -671,7 +670,6 @@
msgid "You deserve free software."
msgstr "Usted merece el software libre."
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Footnote"
msgstr "Nota"
@@ -681,10 +679,6 @@
msgid "The charges were subsequently dismissed."
msgstr "Los cargos se retiraron."
-# | This essay is published in <a
-# |
href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free
-# | Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M.
-# | Stallman</cite></a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This essay is published in <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
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