www/philosophy po/boldrin-levine.translist bold...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     20/10/14 02:28:58

Modified files:
        philosophy/po  : boldrin-levine.translist 
Added files:
        philosophy     : boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/boldrin-levine.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- po/boldrin-levine.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:45 -0000      1.14
+++ po/boldrin-levine.translist 14 Oct 2020 06:28:58 -0000      1.15
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr">[nl]&nbsp;<a lang="nl" hreflang="nl" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.nl.html">Nederlands</a> &nbsp;</span>
 <span dir="ltr">[pl]&nbsp;<a lang="pl" hreflang="pl" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html">polski</a> &nbsp;</span>
 <span dir="ltr">[ru]&nbsp;<a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.ru.html">русский</a> &nbsp;</span>
+<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn]&nbsp;<a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> &nbsp;</span>
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -19,4 +20,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.nl.html" title="Nederlands" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html" title="polski" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.ru.html" title="русский" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html" title="简体中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html
diff -N boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ boldrin-levine.zh-cn.html   14 Oct 2020 06:28:57 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, &ldquo;针对知识产权的案例&rdquo; 
- GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, &ldquo;针对知识产权的案例&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> 
著</p>
+
+<p>
+在 Boldrin 和 Levine 所著的 <a
+href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail";>针对知识产权的案例</a>
+è®ºæ–‡ä¸­ï¼Œä»–ä»¬è®ºè¯äº†ç”±äºŽç»æµŽåŽŸå› 
，即使在人人可以复制的环境下，作者
也可以通过销售作品挣钱。</p>
+
+<p>
+ä½ å¯èƒ½å¬åˆ°è¿‡è¿™æ ·çš„è‚¤æµ…
论点：&ldquo;å¦‚æžœç¨‹åºæ˜¯è‡ªç”±çš„ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
将只会卖出一份拷贝&rdquo;。明显的反驳就是今天已经有å…
¬å¸æ¯ä¸ªæœˆçš„æ‹·è´é”€å”®é‡è¾¾åˆ°æ•°åƒã€‚ä½†æ˜¯è¿™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« 
提供了另一个反驳：它展示了为什么人们会在完å…
¨çŸ¥æ™“自由拷贝的经济结果时，还会化大价钱购买
+&ldquo;第一份拷贝&rdquo;。</p>
+
+<p>
+<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">&ldquo;知识产权&rdquo;
+è¿™ä¸€æœ¯è¯­å¸¦æœ‰åè§è€Œä¸”ä¼ æ’­ç€ä»¤äººå›°æƒ‘çš„ä¿¡æ¯ã€‚</a>å…
¶åè§å¾ˆæ˜¾ç„¶&mdash;&mdash;就是把版权和专利称为
+&ldquo;财产&rdquo;，这使人们认为批评知识产权就是
+&ldquo;反对产权&rdquo;。å…
¶è¿·æƒ‘性不太明显：就是把版权、专利和商æ 
‡æžåœ¨ä¸€èµ·ï¼Œå¯¼è‡´äººä»¬è®¤ä¸ºå®ƒä»¬æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¸œè¥¿å¹¶å¿½è§†å®ƒä»¬çš„巨大不同，而只æ
 ¹æ®å®ƒä»¬å°‘量的相似而把它们作为一个问题来考虑。</p>
+
+<p>
+这通常意味着忽略版权的社会与道德特点，忽略专利的社会与道德特点的不同；而只是把版权和专利当作单一的狭隘经济术语问题来考虑。这æ
 ·ï¼Œä¸¥æ ¼é™åˆ¶ç‰ˆæƒå’Œä¸“利的支持者
æ‰€å±•ç¤ºçš„ç»æµŽæ€§è®ºç‚¹å°±å˜å¾—éžå¸¸ç®€å•è€Œçœ‹èµ·æ¥æ— æ³•è¾©é©³ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>
+我通常的反驳是向人们展示，如果把这个问题当作一个纯粹的经济问题来看，那么它的å
…¶ä»–特点就被忽略了。Boldrin 和 Levine
+的论文使用该经济论点的自用术语，展示了å…
¶ä¸­çš„差别——其表面上的简单企图隐藏的差别。</p>
+
+<p>
+我相信我们应该继续拒绝 &ldquo;知识产权&rdquo; 
这一术语。我们需要让大家注意版权的非经济特点和专利的非经济性不同特点。不过，Boldrin
+和 Levine 
的论点对反驳坚持采取狭隘经济价值的人们是有用的。</p>
+
+<p>
+该论文面对的是经济学家和部分数学家。将å…
¶ä¸­çš„思想变得大众化、流行化会有益处。</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; 
GNU的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a
+href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有å…
³å¤±æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥æˆ–其他错误和建议，请发送邮件到<a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+        &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难å…
ä¼šå­˜åœ¨é”™è¯¯å’Œä¸è¶³ã€‚如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至
 <a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p><p>å
…³äºŽè¿›è¡Œåè°ƒä¸Žæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的更多信息参见
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">《译者
指南》</a>。</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>本页面使用 <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2020。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新：
+
+$Date: 2020/10/14 06:28:57 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N po/boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/boldrin-levine.zh-cn-en.html     14 Oct 2020 06:28:58 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against
+intellectual property&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, &ldquo;The case against intellectual 
property&rdquo;</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+<a 
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail";>
+The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>, by Boldrin and Levine,
+argues on economic grounds that authors can
+make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.</p>
+
+<p>
+You've probably heard the superficial argument that &ldquo;If the
+program is free, you will only sell one copy&rdquo;.  The obvious
+response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of
+copies a month.  But this paper provides another response: it shows
+why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the
+freedom to copy would pay a high price for &ldquo;the first
+copy&rdquo;.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The
+term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is biased and spreads
+confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see&mdash;by calling copyright and
+patents and trademarks &ldquo;property&rdquo;, it leads people to
+think that criticizing them is &ldquo;opposing property rights&rdquo;.
+The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and
+trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to
+ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in
+terms of their meager similarities.</p>
+
+<p>
+This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and
+the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both
+copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms.  The
+proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an
+economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being
+irrefutable.</p>
+
+<p>
+I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been
+ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one.  Boldrin and
+Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and
+shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.</p>
+
+<p>
+I believe we should continue to reject the term &ldquo;intellectual
+property&rdquo;.  We need to call attention to the non-economic
+aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of
+patents.  However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for
+responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to
+economics.</p>
+
+<p>
+The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.
+Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+        &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2020/10/14 06:28:58 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>