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www/licenses/po rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po


From: Wensheng XIE
Subject: www/licenses/po rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po
Date: Tue, 26 May 2020 03:59:23 -0400 (EDT)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     20/05/26 03:59:23

Added files:
        licenses/po    : rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po
diff -N rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-why-gplv3.zh-cn.po      26 May 2020 07:59:23 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2020.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-why-gplv3.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-05 00:01+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-05-26 15:55+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Why Upgrade to GPLv3 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "为什么要升级到 GPLv3 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Why Upgrade to GPLv3"
+msgstr "为什么要升级到 GPLv3"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>Richard Stallman</strong> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">Version 3 of the GNU General Public License</"
+"a> (GNU GPL) has been released, enabling free software packages to upgrade "
+"from GPL version 2.  This article explains why upgrading the license is "
+"important."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU 通用公共许可证第三版</a>(GNU 
GPL)发布"
+"了,它使自由软件包可以从 GPL 版本 2 升级到版本 
3。本文解释为什么这次许可证升"
+"级是重要的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"First of all, it is important to note that upgrading is a choice.  GPL "
+"version 2 will remain a valid license, and no disaster will happen if some "
+"programs remain under GPLv2 while others advance to GPLv3.  These two "
+"licenses are incompatible, but that isn't a fundamental problem."
+msgstr ""
+"首先,重点要说明的是升级是一个选择。GPL 版本 2 
仍然是一个有效的许可证,如果有"
+"的程序还使用 GPLv2 而另外一些程序升级到 GPLv3 并不会造
成灾难。虽然这两个许可"
+"证不兼容,但这不是根本性问题。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When we say that GPLv2 and GPLv3 are incompatible, it means there is no "
+"legal way to combine code under GPLv2 with code under GPLv3 in a single "
+"program.  This is because both GPLv2 and GPLv3 are copyleft licenses: each "
+"of them says, &ldquo;If you include code under this license in a larger "
+"program, the larger program must be under this license too.&rdquo; There is "
+"no way to make them compatible.  We could add a GPLv2-compatibility clause "
+"to GPLv3, but it wouldn't do the job, because GPLv2 would need a similar "
+"clause."
+msgstr ""
+"当我们说 GPLv2 和 GPLv3 不å…
¼å®¹ï¼Œæˆ‘们的意思是没有合法的手段把 GPLv2 代码和 "
+"GPLv3 代码合并成一个程序。因为 GPLv2 和 GPLv3 都是 copyleft 
许可证:它们都表"
+"达了,&ldquo;如果你在较大的程序里包含了本许可证的代ç 
ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¿™ä¸ªè¾ƒå¤§çš„程序必须"
+"也使用本许可证。&rdquo;没有办法使它们å…
¼å®¹ã€‚虽然我们可以在 GPLv3 里加一条兼容 "
+"GPLv2 的条款,但是也不能解决问题,因为 GPLv2 
里也需要类似的条款。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, license incompatibility matters only when you want to link, "
+"merge or combine code from two different programs into a single program.  "
+"There is no problem in having GPLv3-covered and GPLv2-covered programs side "
+"by side in an operating system.  For instance, the TeX license and the "
+"Apache license are incompatible with GPLv2, but that doesn't stop us from "
+"running TeX and Apache in the same system with Linux, Bash and GCC.  This is "
+"because they are all separate programs.  Likewise, if Bash and GCC move to "
+"GPLv3, while Linux remains under GPLv2, there is no conflict."
+msgstr ""
+"所幸的是,许可证的兼容性只在你
想链接、混合或合并两个不同程序为一个程序时才有"
+"影响。在一个操作系统中同时有 GPLv3 和 GPLv2 
的程序是没有问题的。比如,TeX 许"
+"可证和 Apache 许可证都不兼容 
GPLv2,但是这个并不影响我们在同一个 Linux、Bash "
+"和 GCC 下运行 TeX 和 Apache。因为它们是单独的程序。同æ 
·ï¼ŒBash 和 GCC 升级到 "
+"GPLv3,而 Linux 保留在 GPLv2,也没有冲突。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Keeping a program under GPLv2 won't create problems.  The reason to migrate "
+"is because of the existing problems that GPLv3 will address."
+msgstr ""
+"一个程序保留在 GPLv2 不会制造麻烦。升级的原因在于 GPLv3 
要解决的已知问题。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One major danger that GPLv3 will block is tivoization.  Tivoization means "
+"certain &ldquo;appliances&rdquo; (which have computers inside)  contain GPL-"
+"covered software that you can't effectively change, because the appliance "
+"shuts down if it detects modified software.  The usual motive for "
+"tivoization is that the software has features the manufacturer knows people "
+"will want to change, and aims to stop people from changing them.  The "
+"manufacturers of these computers take advantage of the freedom that free "
+"software provides, but they don't let you do likewise."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 阻止的一个主要危险是 tivoization。Tivoization 是指有些 
&ldquo;设备"
+"&rdquo;(其中带有计算机)包含 GPL 软件,但是你无
法有效更改,因为该设备检测到"
+"软件修改后会关机。Tivoization 的动机通常是供应商知道å…
¶ä¸­ä¸€äº›è½¯ä»¶åŠŸèƒ½äººä»¬æƒ³è¦"
+"修改,而他们的目的就是不让人修改。这些供应商利用了自由软件提供的自由,但是却"
+"不想给别人同样的自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some argue that competition between appliances in a free market should "
+"suffice to keep nasty features to a low level.  Perhaps competition alone "
+"would avoid arbitrary, pointless misfeatures like &ldquo;Must shut down "
+"between 1pm and 5pm every Tuesday&rdquo;, but even so, a choice of masters "
+"isn't freedom.  Freedom means <em>you</em> control what your software does, "
+"not merely that you can beg or threaten someone else who decides for you."
+msgstr ""
+"有人会争辩说自由市场的竞争会使设备上较差的功能降到很低的水平。竞争本身也许会"
+"避免诸如,&ldquo;每周二下午一点到五点必须关机&rdquo; 
之类随意的、无厘头的差劲"
+"功能,但即便如此,由别人来主导也不是自由。自由意味着
 <em>你</em> 来控制你的软"
+"件做什么,而不仅仅是你能够祈求或者胁迫别人为你
做决定。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the crucial area of Digital Restrictions Management (DRM)&mdash;nasty "
+"features designed to restrict your use of the data in your computer&mdash;"
+"competition is no help, because relevant competition is forbidden.  Under "
+"the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and similar laws, it is illegal, in the "
+"US and many other countries, to distribute DVD players unless they restrict "
+"the user according to the official rules of the DVD conspiracy (its web site "
+"is <a href=\"http://www.dvdcca.org/\";>http://www.dvdcca.org/</a>, but the "
+"rules do not seem to be published there).  The public can't reject DRM by "
+"buying non-DRM players because none are available.  No matter how many "
+"products you can choose from, they all have equivalent digital handcuffs."
+msgstr ""
+"在数字限制管理(DRM)&mdash;&mdash;这是限制你
使用自己电脑上的数据的恶劣功能"
+"&mdash;&mdash;等严酷的领域,竞争没有用,因为相å…
³çš„竞争被禁止了。在诸如数字千"
+"禧版权法案之类的法律中,在美国和许多其他国家,如果你
没有按照“DVD 阴谋”的官方"
+"规则(网站 <a 
href=\"http://www.dvdcca.org/\";>http://www.dvdcca.org/</a>,但"
+"是规则看来并没有放上去)发布限制用户的 DVD 
播放器,那么你是非法的。公众无法通"
+"过购买非 DRM 的播放器来拒绝 DRM,因为没有这æ 
·çš„播放器。无论有多少种产品供你选"
+"择,它们都是带有数字枷锁的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GPLv3 ensures you are free to remove the handcuffs.  It doesn't forbid DRM, "
+"or any kind of feature.  It places no limits on the substantive "
+"functionality you can add to a program, or remove from it.  Rather, it makes "
+"sure that you are just as free to remove nasty features as the distributor "
+"of your copy was to add them.  Tivoization is the way they deny you that "
+"freedom; to protect your freedom, GPLv3 forbids tivoization."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 保证你有删除枷锁的自由。它不禁止 
DRM,也不禁止任何功能。它不限制你为程"
+"序添加或删除重大的功能。反过来,它保证你有同æ 
·çš„自由发布删除差劲功能的版本和"
+"添加差劲功能的版本。Tivoization 
正是要剥夺这种自由;为了保护自由,GPLv3 禁止 "
+"tivoization。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The ban on tivoization applies to any product whose use by consumers is to "
+"be expected, even occasionally.  GPLv3 tolerates tivoization only for "
+"products that are almost exclusively meant for businesses and organizations."
+msgstr ""
+"对 tivoization 的禁止适用于任何有消费者
的产品,即使只是偶尔用到。GPLv3 可以容"
+"忍那些几乎专门用于商业和组织的产品上的 tivoization。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another threat that GPLv3 resists is that of patent deals like the Novell-"
+"Microsoft pact.  Microsoft wants to use its thousands of patents to make "
+"users pay Microsoft for the privilege of running GNU/Linux, and made this "
+"pact to try to achieve that.  The deal offers rather limited protection from "
+"Microsoft patents to Novell's customers."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 要反抗的另一个威胁是诸如 Novell-Microsoft 
协议之类的专利交易。"
+"Microsoft 想用å…
¶æ‹¥æœ‰çš„成千上万的专利来迫使用户付费来运行 
GNU/Linux,并且企图"
+"通过此类专利交易达到目的。该交易对 Novell 用户使用 
Microsoft 专利的保护非常有"
+"限。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft made a few mistakes in the Novell-Microsoft deal, and GPLv3 is "
+"designed to turn them against Microsoft, extending that limited patent "
+"protection to the whole community.  In order to take advantage of this "
+"protection, programs need to use GPLv3."
+msgstr ""
+"Microsoft 在此交易中犯了一些错误,GPLv3 反过来以å…
¶äººä¹‹é“来对付 Microsoft,将"
+"这个有限的专利保护扩展到整个社区。为了利用这个保护,程序应该使用
 GPLv3。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft's lawyers are not stupid, and next time they may manage to avoid "
+"those mistakes.  GPLv3 therefore says they don't get a &ldquo;next "
+"time&rdquo;.  Releasing a program under GPL version 3 protects it from "
+"Microsoft's future attempts to make redistributors collect Microsoft "
+"royalties from the program's users."
+msgstr ""
+"Microsoft 的律师不是傻子,下次他们就可能不会再犯这æ 
·çš„错误了。因此,GPLv3 说"
+"他们不会再有 &ldquo;下一次&rdquo;。按照 GPL 版本 3 
发布的程序禁止 Microsoft "
+"将来企图通过再发布来向该程序的用户收取 Microsoft 版税。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"GPLv3 also provides users with explicit patent protection from the program's "
+"contributors and redistributors.  With GPLv2, users rely on an implicit "
+"patent license to make sure that the company which provided them a copy "
+"won't sue them, or the people they redistribute copies to, for patent "
+"infringement."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 还为用户提供了来自程序贡献者和发布者
的明确专利保护。使用 GPLv2,用户依"
+"赖潜在的专利许可证来保证发布者不因专利侵犯而起诉。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The explicit patent license in GPLv3 does not go as far as we might have "
+"liked.  Ideally, we would make everyone who redistributes GPL-covered code "
+"give up all software patents, along with everyone who does not redistribute "
+"GPL-covered code, because there should be no software patents.  Software "
+"patents are a vicious and absurd system that puts all software developers in "
+"danger of being sued by companies they have never heard of, as well as by "
+"all the megacorporations in the field.  Large programs typically combine "
+"thousands of ideas, so it is no surprise if they implement ideas covered by "
+"hundreds of patents.  Megacorporations collect thousands of patents, and use "
+"those patents to bully smaller developers.  Patents already obstruct free "
+"software development."
+msgstr ""
+"我们并不想要 GPLv3 的明确专利许可证发挥到极致。理想情
况是,我们希望每个 GPL "
+"代码的再发布者都放弃全部的软件专利,同时每个非 GPL 
代码的发布者也放弃全部的软"
+"件专利,因
为本来就不应该有软件专利。软件专利是一个恶毒而可笑的体系,它让所有"
+"开发者都面临被素昧平生的公司起诉的风险,当然更包
括被超级大公司起诉的风险。大"
+"型程序一般都集成了成千上万个想法,这些想法已有数百个专利并不意外。è¶
…级大公司"
+"掌握上万个专利,并使用这些专利来霸凌弱小的开发者
。专利已然在阻挠自由软件的开"
+"发。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The only way to make software development safe is to abolish software "
+"patents, and we aim to achieve this some day.  But we cannot do this through "
+"a software license.  Any program, free or not, can be killed by a software "
+"patent in the hands of an unrelated party, and the program's license cannot "
+"prevent that.  Only court decisions or changes in patent law can make "
+"software development safe from patents.  If we tried to do this with GPLv3, "
+"it would fail."
+msgstr ""
+"让软件开发安å…
¨çš„唯一出路是废除软件专利,我们希望将来这个目æ 
‡èƒ½å¤Ÿå®žçŽ°ã€‚但是我"
+"们不能通过软件专利实现这个目标。一个程序,无
论自由与否,都会被不相干的软件专"
+"利持有者
干掉,而该程序的许可证不能阻止这个。只有法庭命令或专利法的变革才能让"
+"软件开发免除专利之危险。如果我们寄希望于 
GPLv3,那么不会成功。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore, GPLv3 seeks to limit and channel the danger.  In particular, we "
+"have tried to save free software from a fate worse than death: to be made "
+"effectively proprietary, through patents.  The explicit patent license of "
+"GPLv3 makes sure companies that use the GPL to give users the four freedoms "
+"cannot turn around and use their patents to tell some users, &ldquo;That "
+"doesn't include you.&rdquo; It also stops them from colluding with other "
+"patent holders to do this."
+msgstr ""
+"因此,GPLv3 是在寻求限制和疏导这种危险的方法。å…
·ä½“来看,我们是在尽力挽救自由"
+"软件,使之不要落å…
¥ç”Ÿä¸å¦‚死的境地:通过专利变成了专有软件。GPLv3 
的明确专利许"
+"可证确保使用 GPL 的å…
¬å¸ç»™äºˆç”¨æˆ·å››é¡¹åŸºæœ¬è‡ªç”±ï¼Œä¸èƒ½åæ‚”,不能使用专利告诉某些用"
+"户,&ldquo;这个不包括你们。&rdquo;它也阻止大公司和å…
¶ä»–专利持有者串通起来这么"
+"干。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Further advantages of GPLv3 include better internationalization, gentler "
+"termination, support for BitTorrent, and compatibility with the Apache "
+"license.  All in all, plenty of reason to upgrade."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 的其他优势还包括更好的国际
化、更温和的中止条款、支持 BitTorrent 以及兼"
+"容 Apache 许可证。总之,升级的理由很充分。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Change is unlikely to cease once GPLv3 is released.  If new threats to "
+"users' freedom develop, we will have to develop GPL version 4.  It is "
+"important to make sure that programs will have no trouble upgrading to GPLv4 "
+"if and when we write one."
+msgstr ""
+"GPLv3 
发布之后还可能会有变化。如果用户自由有了新的威胁,那么我们还会开发
 GPL "
+"版本 4。如果我们要撰写 
GPLv4,那么保证程序的许可证升级没有问题是重要的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One way to do this is to release a program under &ldquo;GPL version 3 or any "
+"later version&rdquo;.  Another way is for all the contributors to a program "
+"to state a proxy who can decide on upgrading to future GPL versions.  The "
+"third way is for all the contributors to assign copyright to one designated "
+"copyright holder, who will be in a position to upgrade the license version.  "
+"One way or another, programs should provide this flexibility for future GPL "
+"versions."
+msgstr ""
+"其中一个方法是让程序按照 &ldquo;GPL 版本 3 
或任何以后版本&rdquo; 发布。另一个"
+"方法是程序的所有贡献者声明一个能够决定升级 GPL 
将来版本的代理。第三个方法是所"
+"有贡献者将版权转让给一个指定的版权持有者
,该版权持有者将处理许可证版本升级的"
+"问题。无
论采取哪一种方法,程序都应该提供应对将来版本的 GPL 
许可证的灵活性。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";>&lt;webmasters@gnu."
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议,请发送邮件到"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译,但难å…
ä¼šå­˜åœ¨é”™è¯¯å’Œä¸è¶³ã€‚如果您在这方"
+"面有评论或一般性的建议,请发送至 <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p><p>å…
³äºŽè¿›è¡Œåè°ƒä¸Žæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的更多信"
+"息参见 <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translators.html\">《译者
指南》</"
+"a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2007, 2009, 2014 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2007, 2009, 2014 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用 <a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States "
+"License</a> 授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译团队</b>:<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>,2020。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新:"



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