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www/philosophy/po applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-...
From: |
Wensheng XIE |
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-... |
Date: |
Mon, 31 Dec 2018 08:02:06 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Wensheng XIE <wxie> 18/12/31 08:02:06
Added files:
philosophy/po : applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po
Log message:
zh-cn: new translation
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po
diff -N applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-cn.po 31 Dec 2018 13:02:05 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+# LANGUAGE translation of
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Nadebula, 2016.
+# Hagbï¼éä¿ä½ï¼<address@hidden>, 2018.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: applying-free-sw-criteria.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-01-01 05:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-12-31 20:59+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Hagbï¼éä¿ä½ï¼ <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Applying the Free Software Criteria - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "åºç¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶å¤æåå - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Applying the Free Software Criteria"
+msgstr "åºç¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶å¤æåå"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼ è"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The four essential freedoms provide the criteria for <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-sw.html\">whether a particular piece of code is free/libre</a> (i.e., "
+"respects its users' freedom). How should we apply them to judge whether a "
+"software package, an operating system, a computer, or a web page is fit to "
+"recommend?"
+msgstr ""
+"å项åºæ¬èªç±ä¸ºå¤æ<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">æä¸ç¹å®ä»£ç çææ¯å¦ä¸º"
+"èªç±ç</a>ï¼å³å°éç¨æ·èªç±ï¼æä¾äºååãæ们åºå½å¦ä½å°å®ä»¬åºç¨äºå¤æä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶"
+"å
ãä¸å¥æä½ç³»ç»ãä¸å°è®¡ç®æºãææ¯ä¸ä¸ªç½é¡µæ¯å¦éå被æ¨è使ç¨å¢ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether a program is free affects first of all our decisions about our "
+"private activities: to maintain our freedom, we need to reject the programs "
+"that would take it away. However, it also affects what we should say to "
+"others and do with others."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ä¸ªç¨åºæ¯å¦æ¯èªç±çé¦å
å½±åå°çæ¯æ们对äºèªå·±çç§äººè¡ä¸ºçå³å®ï¼ä¸ºäºæå«æ们"
+"èªå·±çèªç±ï¼æ们éè¦æç»é£äºå°ä¼å¥å¤ºæ们èªç±çç¨åºãç¶èï¼è¿ä¹ä¼å½±åå°æ们åº"
+"å½å¯¹å«äººææ ·è¯´åææ ·åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A nonfree program is an injustice. To distribute a nonfree program, to "
+"recommend a nonfree program to other people, or more generally steer them "
+"into a course that leads to using nonfree software, means leading them to "
+"give up their freedom. To be sure, leading people to use nonfree software "
+"is not the same as installing nonfree software in their computers, but we "
+"should not lead people in the wrong direction."
+msgstr ""
+"éèªç±ç¨åºæ¯ä¸å
¬æ£çãåå¸ä¸ä¸ªéèªç±ç¨åºãåä»äººæ¨èéèªç±ç¨åºãææ¯æ´ä¸ºæ®é"
+"å°å°å®ä»¬å¼å
¥è¯¾ç¨èå¼å¯¼äººä»¬ä½¿ç¨éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼ä»¥ä¸è¿äºè¡ä¸ºæå³çå¼å¯¼äººä»¬æ¾å¼èªå·±"
+"çèªç±ãå¯ä»¥è¯å®çæ¯ï¼å¼å¯¼äººä»¬ä½¿ç¨éèªç±è½¯ä»¶å¹¶ä¸çåäºå¨ä»ä»¬ç计ç®æºä¸å®è£
é"
+"èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼ä½æ们ä¸åºè¯¥å°äººä»¬å¼å
¥æ§éã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At a deeper level, we must not present a nonfree program as a solution "
+"because that would grant it legitimacy. Nonfree software is a problem; <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/compromise.html\"> to present it as a solution denies the "
+"existence of the problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨æ´æ·±å±æ¬¡ä¸ï¼æ们ä¸è½æåºä¸ä¸ªéèªç±ç¨åºä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªè§£å³æ¹æ¡ï¼å
为è¿å°ä¼æ¿è®¤å
¶å"
+"æ³æ§ãéèªç±è½¯ä»¶æ¯ä¸ç§é®é¢ï¼ <a
href=\"/philosophy/compromise.html\">å°å
¶ä»¥ä¸"
+"ç§è§£å³æ¹æ¡çæ¹å¼åç°å¦è®¤äºè¿ä¸é®é¢çåå¨</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This article explains how we apply the basic free software criteria to "
+"judging various kinds of things, so we can decide whether to recommend them "
+"or not."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬æéè¿°äºæ们åºå½å¦ä½åºç¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶çåºæ¬ååæ¥å¤æä¸åç§ç±»çäºç©ï¼å¹¶ä¸å³å®æ¯"
+"å¦åºè¯¥æ¨èå®ä»¬ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Software packages"
+msgstr "软件å
"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For a software package to be free, all the code in it must be free. But not "
+"only the code. Since documentation files including manuals, README, change "
+"log, and so on are essential technical parts of a software package, <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">they must be free as well</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å
è¥è¦æ为èªç±çï¼å
¶ä¸ææ代ç å¿
é¡»é½æ¯èªç±çãä½ä¸ä»
éäºä»£ç ãç±äºæ"
+"æ¡£æ件å
å«æåãèªè¿°ï¼READMEï¼ãæ´æ°æ¥å¿çï¼è¿äºé½æ¯è½¯ä»¶å
çå¿
è¦çææ¯ç»æé¨"
+"åï¼<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">å®ä»¬å¿
é¡»ä¹æ¯èªç±ç</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A software package is typically used alongside many other packages, and "
+"interacts with some of them. Which kinds of interaction with nonfree "
+"programs are ethically acceptable?"
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å
é常ä¸å¾å¤å
¶ä»è½¯ä»¶å
ä¸èµ·ä½¿ç¨ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä¸å
¶ä¸çä¸äºè¿è¡äº¤äºãä¸éèªç±è½¯"
+"件è¿è¡çä½ç§äº¤äºææ¯ä¼¦çä¸å¯æ¥åçå¢ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We developed GNU so that there would be a free operating system, because in "
+"1983 none existed. As we developed the initial components of GNU, in the "
+"1980s, it was inevitable that each component depended on nonfree software. "
+"For instance, no C program could run without a nonfree C compiler until GCC "
+"was working, and none could run without Unix libc until glibc was working. "
+"Each component could run only on nonfree systems, because all systems were "
+"nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们çæå¼å GNU
çç®çæ¯å¸¦æ¥ä¸æ¬¾èªç±çæä½ç³»ç»ï¼ç±äºå¨ 1983 å¹´è¿æ²¡æè¿æ
·çèª"
+"ç±æä½ç³»ç»ãå½æä»¬äº 20 ä¸çºª 80 年代å¼ååºææ©ç GNU
ç»ä»¶æ¶ï¼å
¶ä¸æ¯ä¸ªç»ä»¶é½ä¾"
+"èµäºéèªç±è½¯ä»¶æ¯ä¸å¯é¿å
çãä¾å¦ï¼æ²¡æä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ª C
ç¨åºå¯ä»¥ç¦»å¼éèªç±ç C ç¼è¯"
+"å¨èè¿è¡ï¼ç´å° GCC å¯ä»¥æ£å¸¸å·¥ä½ï¼å¹¶ä¸å®ä»¬ä¹ä¸è½ç¦»å¼
Unix libc èè¿è¡ï¼ç´å° "
+"glibc
å¯ä»¥æ£å¸¸å·¥ä½ãæ¯ä¸ªç»ä»¶é½åªè½è¿è¡å¨éèªç±æä½ç³»ç»ä¸ï¼å
为å½æ¶ææçæä½"
+"ç³»ç»é½æ¯éèªç±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"After we released a component that could run on some nonfree systems, users "
+"ported it to other nonfree systems; those ports were no worse, ethically, "
+"than the platform-specific code we needed to develop these components, so we "
+"incorporated their patches."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯å½æ们åå¸ä¸æ¬¾å¯ä»¥è¿è¡å¨æäºéèªç±æä½ç³»ç»ä¸çç»ä»¶æ¶ï¼ç¨æ·å°å
¶ç§»æ¤å°å
¶ä»é"
+"èªç±æä½ç³»ç»ä¸ãä»ä¼¦çä¸è®²ï¼è¿äºç§»æ¤å¹¶ä¸æ¯æ们æ¾ç»ç¨äºå¼åè¿äºç»ä»¶çéå®å¹³å°"
+"代ç æ´åï¼å æ¤æ们æ´åäºä»ä»¬ç修补ç¨åºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the kernel, Linux, was freed in 1992, it filled the last gap in the GNU "
+"system. (Initially, in 1991, Linux had been distributed under a nonfree "
+"license.) The combination of GNU and Linux made a complete free operating "
+"system—<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"å½ Linux å
æ ¸äº 1992 å¹´å为èªç±ä¹æ¶ï¼å®å¡«è¡¥äº GNU
æä½ç³»ç»çæåä¸å空缺"
+"ï¼Linux æåäº 1991 年以ä¸ç§éèªç±è®¸å¯è¯åå¸ï¼ãGNU å
Linux çç»åæ为äºä¸ç§"
+"å®å
¨èªç±çæä½ç³»ç»—<a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At that point, we could have deleted the support for nonfree platforms, but "
+"we decided not to. A nonfree system is an injustice, but it's not our fault "
+"a user runs one. Supporting a free program on that system does not compound "
+"the injustice. And it's useful, not only for users of those systems, but "
+"also for attracting more people to contribute to developing the free program."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¤æ¶ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥éæ©ç§»é¤å¯¹éèªç±å¹³å°çæ¯æï¼ä½æ¯æ们å³å®ä¸è¿æ
·åãéèªç±æä½ç³»"
+"ç»æ¯ä¸å
¬çï¼ä½ç¨æ·è¿è¡éèªç±æä½ç³»ç»å¹¶ä¸æ¯æ们çè¿éãæ¯æ该éèªç±æä½ç³»ç»ä¸"
+"çèªç±è½¯ä»¶å¹¶ä¸ä¼è¿ä¸æ¥æ¶åè¿ç§ä¸å
¬ã并ä¸è¿å°æ¯å®ç¨çï¼ä¸ä»
对äºé£äºéèªç±æä½"
+"ç³»ç»ç¨æ·ï¼ä¹å¯¹äºå¸å¼æ´å¤äººä¸ºå¼å该èªç±è½¯ä»¶åè´¡ç®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, a nonfree program that runs on top of a free program is a "
+"completely different issue, because it leads users to take a step away from "
+"freedom. In some cases we disallow this: for instance, <a href=\"https://"
+"gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2014-01/msg00247.html\">GCC prohibits nonfree plug-ins</"
+"a>. When a program permits nonfree add-ons, it should at least not steer "
+"people towards using them. For instance, we choose LibreOffice over "
+"OpenOffice because OpenOffice suggests use of nonfree add-ons, while "
+"LibreOffice shuns them. We developed <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/"
+"wiki/IceCat\">IceCat</a> initially to avoid proposing the nonfree add-ons "
+"suggested by Firefox."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¶èï¼å¨èªç±ç¨åºä¸è¿è¡éèªç±ç¨åºæ¯ä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨ä¸åçé®é¢ï¼å 为è¿æ¯å¨è¯±å¯¼ç¨æ·å¨èª"
+"ç±ä¹è·¯ä¸åéãå¨æäºæ
åµä¸æ们å®å
¨ç¦æ¢è¿æ ·åï¼ä¾å¦
<a href=\"https://gcc.gnu."
+"org/ml/gcc/2014-01/msg00247.html\">GCC
ç¦æ¢ä»»ä½éèªç±æ件</a>ãå½ä¸ä¸ªç¨åºå
许"
+"éèªç±æ©å±çæ¶åï¼å®è³å°ä¸åºè¯¥å¼å¯¼ç¨æ·ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬ãä¾å¦ï¼æ们æ´å¾åäºéæ©
"
+"LibreOffice èé OpenOfficeï¼ç±äºåè
æ示ç¨æ·ä½¿ç¨éèªç±æ©å±ï¼è LibreOffice "
+"åé¿å¼äºå®ä»¬ãæ们å¼å<a
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/IceCat\">å°ç«"
+"ï¼IceCatï¼</a>èµ·åä¹æ¯ä¸ºäºé¿å
åç¨æ·æ¨å¹¿ç±ç«çï¼FireFoxï¼å»ºè®®ä½¿ç¨çéèªç±æ©"
+"å±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In practice, if the IceCat package explains how to run IceCat on MacOS, that "
+"will not lead people to run MacOS. But if it talked about some nonfree add-"
+"on, that would encourage IceCat users to install the add-on. Therefore, the "
+"IceCat package, including manuals and web site, shouldn't talk about such "
+"things."
+msgstr ""
+"äºå®ä¸ï¼å¦æå°ç«è§£éå¦ä½å¨ MacOS
ä¸è¿è¡å°ç«ï¼è¿å°ä¸ä¼å¼å¯¼ç¨æ·å»è¿è¡ MacOSãä½"
+"å¦æå®ä»ç»äºä¸äºéèªç±æ©å±ï¼å®å°ä¼é¼å±å°ç«ç¨æ·å®è£
è¿äºéèªç±æ©å±ãå æ¤ï¼å°ç«"
+"软件å
åå
¶æååç½ç«ä¸åºè¯¥ä»ç»è¿äºä¸è¥¿ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes a free program and a nonfree program interoperate but neither is "
+"based on the other. Our rule for such cases is that if the nonfree program "
+"is very well known, we should tell people how to use our free program with "
+"it; but if the proprietary program is obscure, we should not hint that it "
+"exists. Sometimes we support interoperation with the nonfree program if "
+"that is installed, but avoid telling users about the possibility of doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"ææ¶ä¸ä¸ªèªç±è½¯ä»¶åä¸ä¸ªéèªç±è½¯ä»¶ååå·¥ä½ï¼ä½å
¶ä¸ä»»ä½ä¸æ¹é½ä¸æ¯åºäºå¦ä¸æ¹çã"
+"æ们é对è¿ç§æ
åµçè§åæ¯ï¼å¦æ该éèªç±è½¯ä»¶é常æåï¼æ们åºå½åç¥äººä»¬å¦ä½ä½¿ç¨"
+"æ们çèªç±è½¯ä»¶ä¸ä¹å·¥ä½ï¼ä½å¦æ该ä¸æ软件é²ä¸ºäººç¥ï¼æ们ä¸åºè¯¥æ示å
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+"æ们ä¼å¨è¯¥éèªç±è½¯ä»¶åå¨çæ
åµä¸æä¾äºæä½æ¯æï¼ä½é¿å
åç¥ç¨æ·è¿ä¹åçå¯è½"
+"æ§ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We reject “enhancements” that would work only on a nonfree "
+"system. Those would encourage people to use the nonfree system instead of "
+"GNU, scoring an own-goal."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们æç»ä»»ä½ä»
å¯ç¨äºæä¸éèªç±æä½ç³»ç»ç“å¢å¼ºç»ä»¶”ãå®ä»¬ä¼é¼å±äºº"
+"们使ç¨è¯¥éèªç±æä½ç³»ç»èé GNUï¼å¦åèªæä¹é¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "GNU/Linux distros"
+msgstr "GNU/Linux åè¡ç"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"After the liberation of Linux in 1992, people began developing GNU/Linux "
+"distributions (“distros”). Only a few distros are <a href=\"/"
+"distros\">entirely free software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"éç Linux å
æ ¸äº 1992 å¹´èªç±åï¼äººä»¬å¼å§å¼å GNU/Linux
åè¡ç3"
+"distros”ï¼ãä½åªæå°æ°åè¡çæ¯ <a href=\"/distros\">å®å
¨ç±èªç±è½¯ä»¶ææ"
+"ç</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The rules for a software package apply to a distro too: an ethical distro "
+"must contain only free software and steer users only towards free software. "
+"But what does it mean for a distro to “contain” a particular "
+"software package?"
+msgstr ""
+"éç¨äºè½¯ä»¶å
çè§åä¹éç¨äºåè¡çï¼ä¸ä¸ªç¬¦å伦ççåè¡çå¿
é¡»ä»
å
å«èªç±è½¯ä»¶å¹¶ä¸"
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å«”ä¸"
+"个ç¹å®ç软件å
æ¯ä»ä¹ææå¢ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some distros install programs from binary packages that are part of the "
+"distro; others build each program from upstream source, and literally "
+"<em>contain</em> only the recipes to download and build it. For issues of "
+"freedom, how a distro installs a given package is not significant; if it "
+"presents that package as an option, or its web site does, we say it “"
+"contains” that package."
+msgstr ""
+"æäºåè¡çä»äºè¿å¶å
å®è£
ä½ä¸ºå
¶åè¡çä¸é¨åç软件ï¼èå
¶ä»åè¡çä»ä¸æ¸¸æºä»£ç æ"
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ä½ä¸ºå¯é项æä¾ï¼æè
å®çç½ç«è¿æ
·åï¼æ们称该åè¡ç“å
嫔该软件"
+"å
ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The users of a free system have control over it, so they can install "
+"whatever they wish. Free distros provide general facilities with which "
+"users can install their own programs and their modified versions of free "
+"programs; they can also install nonfree programs. Providing these general "
+"facilities is not an ethical flaw in the distro, because the distro's "
+"developers are not responsible for what users get and install on their own "
+"initiative."
+msgstr ""
+"èªç±æä½ç³»ç»çç¨æ·æ¥æ对å®çæ§å¶æï¼äºæ¯ä»ä»¬å¯ä»¥å®è£
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çä»»ä½ä¸è¥¿ã"
+"èªç±åè¡çæä¾äºç¨æ·å¯ç¨äºå®è£
ä»ä»¬èªå·±çç¨åºä»¥åä»ä»¬å¯¹äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶çä¿®æ¹çæ¬ç"
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·ï¼ä»ä»¬ä¹å¯ä»¥å®è£
éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ãå¨è¿äºåè¡çä¸æä¾è¿äºéç¨å·¥å
·å¹¶ä¸æ¯ä¼¦ç"
+"ççµï¼ç±äºè¯¥åè¡ççå¼åè
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¶èªèº«ç主å¨æè·å并å®è£
ä»ä¹è½¯ä»¶å¹¶ä¸è´"
+"æ责任ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers become responsible for installation of nonfree software when "
+"they steer the users toward a nonfree program—for instance, by putting "
+"it in the distro's list of packages, or distributing it from their server, "
+"or presenting it as a solution rather than a problem. This is the point "
+"where most GNU/Linux distros have an ethical flaw."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¶èï¼å½å¼åè
å¼å¯¼ç¨æ·èµ°åéèªç±è½¯ä»¶çæ¶åï¼ä»ä»¬å¯¹äºç¨æ·å®è£
éèªç±è½¯ä»¶å°±åºå½"
+"è´æ责任亗ä¾å¦ï¼å°éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç½®äºæµè¡åè¡çç软件å
å表ä¸ï¼æè
ä»å®ä»¬ç"
+"æå¡å¨è¿è¡ååï¼æè
å°å
¶åç°ä¸ºä¸ç§è§£å³æ¹æ¡èéä¸ç§é®é¢ãè¿æ£æ¯ä¸ºä½å¤§å¤æ° GNU/"
+"Linux åè¡çå
·æ伦çççµçé®é¢ä¹æå¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People who install software packages on their own have a certain level of "
+"sophistication: if we tell them “Baby contains nonfree code, but Gbaby "
+"is free,” we can expect them to take care to remember which is which. "
+"But distros are recommended to ordinary users who would forget such "
+"details. They would think, “What name did they say I should use? I "
+"think it was Baby.”"
+msgstr ""
+"èªè¡å®è£
软件å
çç¨æ·é常å
·æä¸å®çå¤æè½åï¼å¦ææ们åè¯ä»ä»¬“Baby å
å«"
+"éèªç±ä»£ç ï¼è Gbaby
æ¯èªç±ç”ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥é¢è§ä»ä»¬è½å¤çå¿è®°ä½åªä¸ªæ¯åª"
+"个ãä½åè¡çæ¯æ¨èç»é£äºä¸äºè§£è¿äºç»èçæ®éç¨æ·çãä»ä»¬å°ä¼æ³“æåºè¯¥ä½¿"
+"ç¨ä»ä»¬æ说çåªä¸ªå¢ï¼ææ³å®åºè¯¥æ¯ Baby”ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore, to recommend a distro to the general public, we insist that its "
+"name not be similar to a distro we reject, so our message recommending only "
+"the free distro can be reliably transmitted."
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼è¦æ³åå
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another difference between a distro and a software package is how likely it "
+"is for nonfree code to be added. The developers of a program carefully "
+"check the code they add. If they have decided to make the program free, "
+"they are unlikely to add nonfree code. There have been exceptions, "
+"including the very harmful case of the “binary blobs” that were "
+"added to Linux, but they are a small fraction of the free programs that "
+"exist."
+msgstr ""
+"åè¡çå软件å
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, a GNU/Linux distro typically contains thousands of packages, "
+"and the distro's developers may add hundreds of packages a year. Without a "
+"careful effort to avoid packages that contain some nonfree software, some "
+"will surely creep in. Since the free distros are few in number, we ask the "
+"developers of each free distro to make a commitment to keep the distro free "
+"software by removing any nonfree code or malware, as a condition for listing "
+"that distro. See the <a href=\"/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines."
+"html\">GNU free system distribution guidelines</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ä¹ç¸åï¼ä¸ä¸ª GNU/Linux åè¡çé常å
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+"system-distribution-guidelines.html\">GNU
èªç±æä½ç³»ç»åè¡çæ导æ</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't ask for such promises for free software packages: it's not "
+"feasible, and fortunately not necessary. To get promises from the "
+"developers of 30,000 free programs to keep them free would avoid a few "
+"problems, at the cost of much work for the FSF staff; in addition, most of "
+"those developers have no relationship with the GNU Project and might have no "
+"interest in making us any promises. So we deal with the rare cases that "
+"change from free to nonfree, when we find out about them."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们ä¸è¦æ±èªç±è½¯ä»¶å
çå¼åè
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+"ååºå¯¹è¿äºä½¿èªç±è½¯ä»¶å为éèªç±è½¯ä»¶çå°æ°æ¡ä¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Peripherals"
+msgstr "å¤è®¾"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A computer peripheral needs software in the computer—perhaps a driver, "
+"perhaps firmware to be loaded by the system into the peripheral to make it "
+"run. Thus, a peripheral is acceptable to use and recommend if it can be "
+"used from a computer that has no nonfree software installed—the "
+"peripheral's driver, and any firmware that the system needs to load into it, "
+"are free."
+msgstr ""
+"计ç®æºå¤è®¾è¦æ±è®¡ç®æºä¸ç软件被æä½ç³»ç»å è½½å°å
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+"ç±çï¼é£ä¹å®æ¯å¯æ¥å并使ç¨ä»¥åæ¨èçã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is simple to check this: connect the peripheral to a computer running a "
+"totally free GNU/Linux distro and see if it works. But most users would "
+"like to know <em>before</em> they buy the peripheral, so we list information "
+"about many peripherals in <a href=\"https://www.h-node.org/\">h-node.org</"
+"a>, a hardware database for fully free operating systems."
+msgstr ""
+"éªè¯è¿ä¸ç¹æ¯ç®åçï¼å°è¯¥å¤è®¾è¿æ¥å°ä¸å°è¿è¡å®å
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+"å¤è®¾çä¿¡æ¯ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨èªç±çæä½ç³»ç»ç硬件æ°æ®åºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Computers"
+msgstr "计ç®æº"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A computer contains software at various levels. On what criterion should we "
+"certify that a computer “Respects Your Freedom”?"
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å°è®¡ç®æºå¨ä¸åå±æ¬¡ä¸å
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+"妔å°éæ¨çèªç±“å¢ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Obviously the operating system and everything above it must be free. In the "
+"90s, the startup software (BIOS, then) became replaceable, and since it runs "
+"on the CPU, it is the same sort of issue as the operating system. Thus, "
+"programs such as firmware and drivers that are installed in or with the "
+"system or the startup software must be free."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¾èæè§çæ¯ï¼æä½ç³»ç»åå
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ï¼ææ¯å¯å¨å "
+"è½½ç¨åºé½å¿
é¡»æ¯èªç±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If a computer has hardware features that require nonfree drivers or firmware "
+"installed with the system, we may be able to endorse it. If it is usable "
+"without those features, and if we think most people won't be led to install "
+"the nonfree software to make them function, then we can endorse it. "
+"Otherwise, we can't. This will be a judgment call."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æä¸å°è®¡ç®æºæ¥ææäºè¦æ±å¨æä½ç³»ç»ä¸å®è£
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+"å¦åæ们就ä¸è½ãè¿å°æ¯ä¸ç§ä¸»è§å¤æã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A computer can have modifiable preinstalled firmware and microcode at lower "
+"levels. It can also have code in true read-only memory. We decided to "
+"ignore these programs in our certification criteria today, because otherwise "
+"no computer could comply, and because firmware that is not normally changed "
+"is ethically equivalent to circuits. So our certification criteria cover "
+"only the code that runs on the computer's main processor and is not in true "
+"read-only memory. When and as free software becomes possible for other "
+"levels of processing, we will require free software at those levels too."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å°è®¡ç®æºå¯è½å¨è¾ä½çå±æ¬¡ä¸å¸¦æé¢è£
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+"ç软件æ¯èªç±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since certifying a product is active promotion of it, we insist that the "
+"seller support us in return, by talking about <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">free software</a> rather than <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">open source</a> and referring "
+"to the combination of GNU and Linux as <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
+"\">“GNU/Linux”</a>. We have no obligation to actively promote "
+"projects that won't recognize our work and support our movement."
+msgstr ""
+"ç±äºè®¤è¯ä¸æ¬¾äº§åæ¯å¯¹å®ç积ææ¨å¹¿ï¼æ们è¦æ±å®ä»¬çè´©åè
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+"ä½ææ¯ä¸æ¯ææ们è¿å¨ç项ç®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/criteria\">our "
+"certification criteria</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"åè§ <a
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+"认è¯åå</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Web pages"
+msgstr "ç½é¡µ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nowadays many web pages contain complex JavaScript programs and won't work "
+"without them. This is a harmful practice since it hampers users' control "
+"over their computing. Furthermore, most of these programs are nonfree, an "
+"injustice. Often the JavaScript code spies on the user. <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">JavaScript has morphed into a attack on "
+"users' freedom.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ç°å¨çå¾å¤ç½é¡µé½å
å«å¤æç JavaScript
ç¨åºå¹¶ä¸éè¦å®ä»¬æè½å·¥ä½ãè¿æ¯ä¸ç§æ害"
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+"javascript-trap.html\">JavaScript</a>
å·²ç»åæäºä¸ç§å¯¹ç¨æ·èªç±çå¨èã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To address this problem, we have developed <a href=\"/software/librejs"
+"\">LibreJS</a>, an add-on for Firefox that blocks nontrivial nonfree "
+"JavaScript code. (There is no need to block the simple scripts that "
+"implement minor user interface hacks.) We ask sites to please free their "
+"JavaScript programs and mark their licenses for LibreJS to recognize."
+msgstr ""
+"为äºè§£å³è¿ä¸é®é¢ï¼æ们å¼åäº <a
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+"JavaScript ç¨åºèªç±å并ä¸æ è®°å
¶è®¸å¯è¯ä»¥ä¾¿ LibreJS è¯å«ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, is it ethical to link to a web page that contains a nonfree "
+"JavaScript program? If we were totally unyielding, we would link only to "
+"free JavaScript code. However, many pages do work even when their "
+"JavaScript code is not run. Also, you will most often encounter nonfree "
+"JavaScript in other ways besides following our links; to avoid it, you must "
+"use LibreJS or disable JavaScript. So we have decided to go ahead and link "
+"to pages that work without nonfree JavaScript, while urging users to protect "
+"themselves from nonfree JavaScript in general."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸æ¤åæ¶ï¼é¾æ¥è³ä¸ä¸ªå
å«éèªç± JavaScript
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é¡»ä½¿ç¨ LibreJS æç¦ç¨ "
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JavaScript ç¨åº"
+"çå¨èã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, if a page can't do its job without running the nonfree JavaScript "
+"code, linking to it undeniably asks people to run that nonfree code. On "
+"principle, we do not link to such pages."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¶èï¼å¦ææ个ç½é¡µä¸è¿è¡éèªç± JavaScript
ç¨åºå°±ä¸è½å®ç°å
¶åè½ï¼é¾æ¥å°å®å°ä¼"
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+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "ç»è®º"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Applying the basic idea that <em>software should be free</em> to different "
+"situations leads to different practical policies. As new situations arise, "
+"the GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation will adapt our freedom "
+"criteria so as to lead computer users towards freedom, in practice and in "
+"principle. By recommending only freedom-respecting programs, distros, and "
+"hardware products, and stating your policy, you can give much-needed support "
+"to the free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"å°<em>”软件åºå½æ¯èªç±ç“</em>è¿ä¸åºæ¬ç念åºç¨å°ä¸ååºåè¦æ±ä¸åç"
+"å®è·µçç¥ãéçæ°æ
åµçåºç°ï¼GNU 计åå FSF å°ä¼éé
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+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) & GNU çä¸è¬æ§ &
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¶ä»èç³»æ¹æ³</a> èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ã请å°æ
æé¾æ¥ï¼å
¶ä»é误æ"
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+"a>ã"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
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+"ç¿»è¯é¡»ç¥</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨<a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-"
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>ææã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯</b>:<a rel=\"team\"
href=\"https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/blug/"
+"\">BLUG</a><br></br>\n"
+"<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel=\"team\"
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/"
+"www-zh-cn/\"><CTT></a>ï¼2018ã"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
- www/philosophy/po applying-free-sw-criteria.zh-...,
Wensheng XIE <=