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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/licenses license-compatibility.ru.html po/l... |
Date: |
Fri, 14 Sep 2018 12:58:49 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 18/09/14 12:58:49
Modified files:
licenses : license-compatibility.ru.html
licenses/po : license-compatibility.ru-en.html
license-compatibility.ru.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/license-compatibility.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/license-compatibility.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/license-compatibility.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
Patches:
Index: license-compatibility.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/license-compatibility.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- license-compatibility.ru.html 20 Apr 2017 14:28:07 -0000 1.2
+++ license-compatibility.ru.html 14 Sep 2018 16:58:48 -0000 1.3
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@
<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</p>
<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑложиÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ влиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
-ÑекÑÑ Ð¸Ð· одной в дÑÑгÑÑ, вÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ,
позволÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо иÑ
лиÑензии.</p>
+ÑекÑÑ Ð¸Ð· одной в дÑÑгÑÑ, вÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ,
позволÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ иÑ
лиÑензии
+комбиниÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
, или они ÑÑо запÑеÑаÑÑ.<a
href="#f1">(*)</a></p>
<p>ÐÑли Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм одна и Ñа же лиÑензиÑ,
пÑоблем не возникаеÑ, еÑли лиÑензиÑ
ÑоÑÑавлена ÑазÑмно, как поÑÑи вÑе лиÑензии
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.<a
-href="#f1">(*)</a></p>
+href="#f2">(**)</a></p>
<p>Ðо ÑÑо, еÑли лиÑензии ÑазнÑе? РобÑем мÑ
можем ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо неÑколÑко
лиÑензий <em>ÑовмеÑÑимÑ</em>, еÑли еÑÑÑ ÑпоÑоб
ÑоединÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑÑими
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@
Ñже невозможно ÑазлиÑиÑÑ, ÑÑи ÑлиÑÑе
ÑекÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑи на Ñебе вÑе
лиÑензии ÑоединеннÑÑ
ÑаÑÑей. ÐоÑколÑкÑ
вÑе ÑÑи лиÑензии вÑе Ñавно безволÑнÑ,
ÑÑо не пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкой
пÑоблемÑ, Ñазве ÑÑо ÑпиÑок лиÑензий
-ÑазÑаÑÑаеÑÑÑ.<a href="#f2">(**)</a></p>
+ÑазÑаÑÑаеÑÑÑ.<a href="#f3">(***)</a></p>
<p>ÐодобнÑм же обÑазом, безволÑнÑе лиÑензии
обÑÑно ÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ Ñо вÑÑкой
лиÑензией Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким левом. Ð
обÑединенной пÑогÑамме ÑаÑÑи, коÑоÑÑе бÑли
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
<p>ÐÑоÑло вÑемÑ, и Ñ ÑÑал ÑомневаÑÑÑÑ Ð²
мÑдÑоÑÑи ÑÑого ÑеÑениÑ. Такие
пÑогÑаммÑ, как Linux, коÑоÑÑе допÑÑкаÑÑ
ÑолÑко Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ GNU GPL и
оÑвеÑгаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, на пÑакÑике
пÑиводÑÑ Ðº неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи.<a
-href="#f3">(***)</a> Ðозможно, нам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑиÑÑ
пÑÐ½ÐºÑ Ð¾Ð± обновлении в
+href="#f4">(****)</a> Ðозможно, нам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑиÑÑ
пÑÐ½ÐºÑ Ð¾Ð± обновлении в
GPL веÑÑии 4, еÑли веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 4 нам
когда-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð¸ÑÑÑ.</p>
<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе лиÑензии Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑким левом
допÑÑкаÑÑ ÑоÑеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм под ÑазнÑм
@@ -209,15 +210,16 @@
левом. ÐбÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Mozilla
допÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÐµÑелиÑензиÑование на GNU
GPL, кÑоме ÑлÑÑаев, когда в пÑогÑамме ÑÑо
ÑвнÑм обÑазом запÑеÑено.</p>
-<p>ÐаконеÑ, ÑÑо можно ÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ двойном
лиÑензиÑовании?<a href="#f4">(****)</a>
-ÐÐ²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð·ÑÑнкÑиÑ:
ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑамма
-пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð²Ðµ или более
ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
лиÑензий. ÐапÑимеÑ, ÑÑаÑÑе
-веÑÑии Perl пÑедоÑÑавлÑли две лиÑензии:
дизÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¡ÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной
-лиÑензии GNU и ÐÑÑиÑÑиÑеÑкой лиÑензии. ÐÑо
ознаÑало, ÑÑо каждÑй полÑзоваÑелÑ
-мог вÑбÑаÑÑ Ð¸ пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Perl под
Ñой или дÑÑгой лиÑензией, или под
-дизÑÑнкÑией обеиÑ
, как и Ñам вÑпÑÑк Perl.
ÐизÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñом
-дÑÑгиÑ
лиÑензий, еÑли Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° из
лиÑензий в дизÑÑнкÑии ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ
-ÑÑим набоÑом.</p>
+<p>ÐаконеÑ, ÑÑо можно ÑказаÑÑ Ð¾ двойном
лиÑензиÑовании?<a
+href="#f5">(*****)</a> ÐÐ²Ð¾Ð¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð·ÑÑнкÑиÑ: ÑÑо знаÑиÑ,
+ÑÑо пÑогÑамма пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð²Ðµ
или более ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
+лиÑензий. ÐапÑимеÑ, ÑÑаÑÑе веÑÑии Perl
пÑедоÑÑавлÑли две лиÑензии:
+дизÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¡ÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной
лиÑензии GNU и ÐÑÑиÑÑиÑеÑкой
+лиÑензии. ÐÑо ознаÑало, ÑÑо каждÑй
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ вÑбÑаÑÑ Ð¸
+пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Perl под Ñой или дÑÑгой
лиÑензией, или под дизÑÑнкÑией
+обеиÑ
, как и Ñам вÑпÑÑк Perl. ÐизÑÑнкÑиÑ
ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñом дÑÑгиÑ
+лиÑензий, еÑли Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð° из лиÑензий в
дизÑÑнкÑии ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ ÑÑим
+набоÑом.</p>
<p>Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑбиÑаеÑе лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвоиÑ
пÑогÑамм, вÑбиÑайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, GNU
GPL веÑÑии 3 или более поздней или
какÑÑ-Ñо ÑовмеÑÑимÑÑ Ñ ÑÑим
@@ -226,9 +228,55 @@
поздней заÑиÑÐ¸Ñ Ñакже ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей вÑеÑ
веÑÑий ваÑей пÑогÑаммÑ
наилÑÑÑим обÑазом.</p>
+<h3 id="combining">ÐомбинаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм</h3>
+
+<p>Ðогда Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий ÑовмеÑÑим, ÑÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе законно
+комбиниÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑоединÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑое
колиÑеÑÑво пÑогÑамм, ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· коÑоÑÑÑ
+лиÑензиÑована по одной из ÑÑиÑ
лиÑензий.
Ðо как Ñогда лиÑензиÑÑеÑÑÑ
+комбиниÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?</p>
+
+<p>Ркаждой лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами, на коÑоÑÑе
она ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ. Так ÑÑо,
+ÑÑÑого говоÑÑ, лиÑензиÑование
обÑединенной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð² ÑебÑ
+лиÑензии вÑеÑ
ее ÑаÑÑей. Ðднако иногда вам
нÑжен <em>кÑаÑкий</em> оÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+вопÑоÑ, как лиÑензиÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑединеннаÑ
пÑогÑамма. Ðа какие лиÑензии Ñе, кÑо
+полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой, <em>Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑаÑÑ
внимание</em>?</p>
+
+<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑÑ ÑÑо, наÑинаÑÑ Ñо ÑпиÑка
вÑеÑ
оÑноÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ðº делÑ
+лиÑензий. ÐаÑем из ÑпиÑка можно ÑдалиÑÑ
лÑбÑе лиÑензии, коÑоÑÑе оÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑÑÑ
+дÑÑгими лиÑензиÑми в ÑпиÑке.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð <em>оÑ
ваÑÑваеÑ</em> лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð, когда из
+ÑдовлеÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑловиÑм лиÑензии Ð
ÑледÑеÑ, ÑÑо ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑловиÑ
+лиÑензии Ð.</p>
+
+<p>ÐапÑимеÑ, и GNU GPL веÑÑии N, и GNU GPL ÐÑÑеÑо
веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑ ÐенÑÑÑÑ
+GPL веÑÑии N, а вÑе ÑÑи оÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑ ÐенÑÑÑÑ GPL
веÑÑии 2.1.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑваеÑ
лиÑÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¸Ñ Apache 2.0 пÑи N, не
+менÑÑем 3.</p>
+
+<p>GNU GPL веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе веÑÑии
ÐбÑеÑÑвенной лиÑензии Mozilla,
+коÑоÑÑе Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ ÑовÑеÑÑимÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Apache 2.0 оÑ
ваÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии BSD,
Expat, X11, ISC и
+СС0. ТÑеÑ
пÑнкÑÐ½Ð°Ñ BSD оÑ
ваÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ
пÑнкÑнÑÑ BSD. ÐиÑензии BSD оÑ
ваÑÑваÑÑ
+лиÑензии Expat, X11 и ISC, а Ñакже CC0.</p>
+
+<p>СпиÑок никоим обÑазом не полон, но еÑли
Ð¼Ñ Ñзнаем о дÑÑгиÑ
доÑÑойнÑÑ
+ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
, Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ñ
добавим.</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ
ваÑÑваеÑÑÑ, ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐµ
вÑе же нÑжно вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ñи вÑÑком
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении комбиниÑованной
пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
<h3 id="footnotes">ÐÑимеÑаниÑ</h3>
-<p id="f1"><b>*</b> ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· пÑименÑемÑÑ
в
наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий, коÑоÑаÑ
+<p id="f1"><b>*</b> ÐаловеÑоÑÑно, ÑÑо пÑи
конкÑеÑном ÑоÑеÑании пÑогÑамм могÑÑ
+возникнÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие ÑÑидиÑеÑкие пÑоблемÑ,
не ÑвÑзаннÑе Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑми авÑоÑÑкого
+пÑава на пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе ÑоÑеÑаÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑ
обÑÑждаем ÑолÑко ÑледÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑамиÑ
+лиÑензий.</p>
+
+<p id="f2"><b>**</b> ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· пÑименÑемÑÑ
в
наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий, коÑоÑаÑ
неÑовмеÑÑима Ñама Ñ Ñобой — лиÑензиÑ
TeXа: еÑли две пÑогÑаммÑ
лиÑензиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñак, как TeX, Ð½ÐµÑ ÑазÑеÑенного
ÑпоÑоба ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
обÑединеннÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ.</p>
@@ -243,26 +291,26 @@
<p>Ðе ÑлÑÑайно TeX вÑпÑÑÑили в 1982 годÑ: Ñ
ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñе ÑообÑеÑÑво
наÑÑилоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÑазÑмнÑе лиÑензии.</p>
-<p id="f2"><b>**</b> ÐÑи ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении в ÑоÑме иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа обÑÑно доÑÑаÑоÑно
+<p id="f3"><b>***</b> ÐÑи ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении в ÑоÑме
иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа обÑÑно доÑÑаÑоÑно
оÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ лиÑензиÑÑ
в иÑÑ
одном ÑекÑÑе в Ñом виде, в каком они
еÑÑÑ; ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ дополниÑелÑнÑÑ
лиÑензионнÑÑ
ÑведомлениÑÑ
в безволÑнÑÑ
лиÑензиÑÑ
, как пÑавило, дейÑÑвÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñи
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении ÑкомпилиÑованнÑÑ
Ñайлов без иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа.</p>
-<p id="f3"><b>***</b> Рдополнение, GPL веÑÑии 2 вÑе
же позволÑÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¸ÑнÑе
+<p id="f4"><b>****</b> Рдополнение, GPL веÑÑии 2 вÑе
же позволÑÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¸ÑнÑе
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑолÑко Ñо
-ÑпеÑиалÑно подпиÑаннÑми Ñайлами; кÑоме
Ñого, GPL веÑÑии 2 не допÑÑкаеÑ
-ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение двоиÑнÑÑ
Ñайлов
ÑоÑÑенÑами, как и пеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ
-лиÑензии. РвеÑÑии 3 Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ÑпÑавили ÑÑо
и кое-ÑÑо дÑÑгое, но Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
-можем измениÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ 2.</p>
-
-<p id="f4"><b>****</b> ÐекоÑоÑÑе необÑÑÑнимо
ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑажение “двойное
-лиÑензиÑование” Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ
пÑодажи иÑклÑÑений, но ÑÑо
-злоÑпоÑÑебление ÑзÑком. См. <a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
-ÐÑодажа иÑклÑÑений</a>. ÐбÑаÑиÑе внимание,
ÑÑо еÑли лиÑензиÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
-пÑодаеÑÑÑ Ð² каÑеÑÑве иÑклÑÑениÑ, вÑдаеÑÑÑ
на лÑбÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, не вÑ
одÑÑие в
-обÑÑнÑй ÑвободнÑй вÑпÑÑк, Ñо ÑÑо не
пÑодажа иÑклÑÑений — ÑÑо
-неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+ÑпеÑиалÑно подпиÑаннÑми Ñайлами пÑогÑамм;
кÑоме Ñого, GPL веÑÑии 2 не
+допÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение двоиÑнÑÑ
Ñайлов ÑоÑÑенÑами. <a
+href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">РвеÑÑии 3 мÑ
иÑпÑавили ÑÑо и
+кое-ÑÑо дÑÑгое</a>, но Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем измениÑÑ
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 2.</p>
+
+<p id="f5"><b>*****</b> ÐекоÑоÑÑе ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ
вÑÑажение “двойное
+лиÑензиÑование” Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ
пÑодажи иÑклÑÑений, но ÑÑо непÑавлÑное
+название. См. <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
ÐÑодажа
+иÑклÑÑений</a>. ÐбÑаÑиÑе внимание, ÑÑо еÑли
в пÑогÑаммÑ, лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° коÑоÑÑÑ
+пÑодаеÑÑÑ Ð² каÑеÑÑве иÑклÑÑениÑ, вÑ
одÑÑ
лÑбÑе ÑекÑÑÑ, не вÑ
одÑÑие в
+ÑвободнÑй вÑпÑÑк, Ñо ÑÑо не пÑодажа
иÑклÑÑений — ÑÑо неÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -321,7 +369,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ru">лиÑензии
@@ -341,7 +389,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2017/04/20 14:28:07 $
+$Date: 2018/09/14 16:58:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/license-compatibility.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/license-compatibility.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/license-compatibility.ru-en.html 31 Aug 2016 12:57:55 -0000 1.1
+++ po/license-compatibility.ru-en.html 14 Sep 2018 16:58:49 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
<p>If you want to combine two free programs into one, or merge code from
one into the other, this raises the question of whether their licenses
-allow combining them.</p>
+allow combining them, or prohibit combining them.<a href="#f1">(*)</a></p>
<p>There is no problem merging programs that have the same license, if it
is a reasonably behaved license, as nearly all free licenses
-are.<a href="#f1">(*)</a></p>
+are.<a href="#f2">(**)</a></p>
<p>What then when the licenses are different? In general we say that
several licenses are <em>compatible</em> if there is a way to merge
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
parts can't be distinguished any more, that merged code should carry
all the licenses of the merged parts. Since all the licenses are lax
anyway, this causes no practical problem except that the list of
-licenses gets long.<a href="#f2">(**)</a></p>
+licenses gets long.<a href="#f3">(***)</a></p>
<p>By the same token, lax licenses are usually compatible with any
copyleft license. In the combined program, the parts that came in
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
<p>Since then, I have come to question the wisdom of that decision.
Programs such as Linux, which allow only one GNU GPL version and
reject license upgrades, cause practical
-incompatibility.<a href="#f3">(***)</a> Perhaps we should include an
+incompatibility.<a href="#f4">(****)</a> Perhaps we should include an
upgrade clause in GPL version 4, if we ever need a version 4.</p>
<p>Some copyleft licenses allow cross-copyleft combinations with an
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
the GNU GPL except when the code explicitly denies this
permission.</p>
-<p>Finally, what about dual licensing?<a href="#f4">(****)</a> A dual
+<p>Finally, what about dual licensing?<a href="#f5">(*****)</a> A dual
license is a disjunction: it means that the same program carries a
choice of two or more different licenses. For instance, older
versions of Perl carried a dual license: the disjunction of the
@@ -216,9 +216,54 @@
Choosing GPL or AGPL, version 3 or later, will also do the utmost to
defend freedom for all users of all versions of your code.</p>
+<h3 id="combining">Combining code</h3>
+
+<p>When a set of licenses are compatible, that means you can legally
+combine or merge a number of programs each licensed under one of those
+licenses. How, then, is the combined program licensed?</p>
+
+<p>Each free software license says you must keep the license with the
+code that is covered by it. So in a strict sense, the licensing of
+the combined program includes the licenses of all its parts. However,
+sometimes you want a <em>summary</em> answer to the question of how
+the combined program is licensed. Which licenses does someone using
+the combined program <em>need to pay attention to?</em></p>
+
+<p>To compute that, you start with a list of all the pertinent
+licenses. Then you can delete from the list any license which is
+subsumed by another in the list.</p>
+
+<p>We say that a license A <em>subsumes</em> license B when compliance with
+license A implies compliance with license B.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, the GNU GPL version N and the GNU Affero GPL version
+N both subsume the GNU Lesser GPL version N, and all three of those
+subsume the GNU Lesser GPL version 2.1.</p>
+
+<p>Any GNU license, version N, subsumes the Apache 2.0 license provided
+N is at least 3.</p>
+
+<p>The GNU GPL, version N, subsumes all versions of the Mozilla Public
+License that are compatible with it.</p>
+
+<p>The Apache 2.0 license subsumes the BSD, Expat, X11, ISC and CC-0
+licenses. BSD 3 clause subsumes BSD 2 clause. The BSD licenses
+subsume the Expat, X11 and ISC licenses and CC-0.</p>
+
+<p>This is not meant to be a complete list, but if we are informed of
+other cases worth mentioning, we will add them.</p>
+
+<p>When some license is subsumed, you still need to include a copy
+of it with all distribution of the combined program.</p>
+
<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
-<p id="f1"><b>*</b> The main license in actual use that isn't
+<p id="f1"><b>*</b> It is not inconceivable that other legal issues
+might arise about a specific combination of programs, issues not
+related to the copyright licenses of the programs to be combined. We
+discuss only the implications of the licenses themselves.</p>
+
+<p id="f2"><b>**</b> The main license in actual use that isn't
reasonably behaved is the license of TeX: if two programs are licensed
just the way TeX is, there is no authorized way to distribute a merged
version of them.</p>
@@ -233,23 +278,23 @@
<p>It is no coincidence that TeX was released in 1982: our community has
learned, since then, to write reasonably behaved licenses.</p>
-<p id="f2"><b>**</b> When distributing in source code
+<p id="f3"><b>***</b> When distributing in source code
form, it is usually sufficient to leave the license notices in the
source code as they stand; extra license notice requirements typically
only come up for lax licenses when distributing binaries without the
source code.</p>
-<p id="f3"><b>***</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows binaries
-to be made nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special signed
-binaries, and still does not allow distribution of binaries by
-torrent, as it did when first published. We fixed those things and
-others in version 3, but we can't change version 2.</p>
-
-<p id="f4"><b>****</b> Some inexplicably use the term “dual
-licensing” to refer to selling exceptions, but that is an abuse
-of language. See <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">
-Selling Exceptions</a>. Note that if the license sold as an exception
-includes any code that is not in the ordinary free release, that's not
+<p id="f4"><b>****</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows
+binaries to be made nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special
+signed binaries, and still does not allow distribution of binaries by
+torrent. <a href="/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html">We fixed those
+problems, and others, in version 3</a>, but we can't change version 2.</p>
+
+<p id="f5"><b>*****</b> Some use the term “dual licensing”
+to refer to selling exceptions, but that is a misnomer.
+See <a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html"> Selling
+Exceptions</a>. Note that if the program on which the license is sold
+includes any code that is not in the free (libre) release, that's not
selling exceptions, that's nonfree software.</p>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -299,7 +344,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -309,7 +354,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/08/31 12:57:55 $
+$Date: 2018/09/14 16:58:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/license-compatibility.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/license-compatibility.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/license-compatibility.ru.po 14 Sep 2018 16:40:58 -0000 1.5
+++ po/license-compatibility.ru.po 14 Sep 2018 16:58:49 -0000 1.6
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2018-09-14 12:56+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -35,31 +34,16 @@
msgstr "РиÑаÑд СÑолмен"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | If you want to combine two free programs into one, or merge code from one
-# | into the other, this raises the question of whether their licenses allow
-# | combining [-them.-] {+them, or prohibit combining them.<a
-# | href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you want to combine two free programs into one, or merge code from one "
-#| "into the other, this raises the question of whether their licenses allow "
-#| "combining them."
msgid ""
"If you want to combine two free programs into one, or merge code from one "
"into the other, this raises the question of whether their licenses allow "
"combining them, or prohibit combining them.<a href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑложиÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ влиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй "
-"ÑекÑÑ Ð¸Ð· одной в дÑÑгÑÑ, вÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ,
позволÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ иÑ
лиÑензии комбиниÑоваÑÑ "
-"иÑ
, или они ÑÑо запÑеÑаÑÑ.<a href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
+"ÑекÑÑ Ð¸Ð· одной в дÑÑгÑÑ, вÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑ,
позволÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ иÑ
лиÑензии "
+"комбиниÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
, или они ÑÑо запÑеÑаÑÑ.<a
href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | There is no problem merging programs that have the same license, if it is
-# | a reasonably behaved license, as nearly all free licenses are.<a
-# | [-href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>-] {+href=\"#f2\">(**)</a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There is no problem merging programs that have the same license, if it is "
-#| "a reasonably behaved license, as nearly all free licenses are.<a href="
-#| "\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
msgid ""
"There is no problem merging programs that have the same license, if it is a "
"reasonably behaved license, as nearly all free licenses are.<a href=\"#f2\">"
@@ -125,19 +109,6 @@
"когда один полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаеÑÑÑ
оÑказаÑÑ Ð² Ñвободе дÑÑгим."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | In a combination of programs under lax licenses, each part carries the
-# | license it came with. When the code is merged to the point that the parts
-# | can't be distinguished any more, that merged code should carry all the
-# | licenses of the merged parts. Since all the licenses are lax anyway, this
-# | causes no practical problem except that the list of licenses gets long.<a
-# | [-href=\"#f2\">(**)</a>-] {+href=\"#f3\">(***)</a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In a combination of programs under lax licenses, each part carries the "
-#| "license it came with. When the code is merged to the point that the "
-#| "parts can't be distinguished any more, that merged code should carry all "
-#| "the licenses of the merged parts. Since all the licenses are lax anyway, "
-#| "this causes no practical problem except that the list of licenses gets "
-#| "long.<a href=\"#f2\">(**)</a>"
msgid ""
"In a combination of programs under lax licenses, each part carries the "
"license it came with. When the code is merged to the point that the parts "
@@ -305,17 +276,6 @@
"веÑÑии 1 или более поздней”."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Since then, I have come to question the wisdom of that decision. Programs
-# | such as Linux, which allow only one GNU GPL version and reject license
-# | upgrades, cause practical incompatibility.<a [-href=\"#f3\">(***)</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"#f4\">(****)</a>+} Perhaps we should include an upgrade clause in
-# | GPL version 4, if we ever need a version 4.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Since then, I have come to question the wisdom of that decision. "
-#| "Programs such as Linux, which allow only one GNU GPL version and reject "
-#| "license upgrades, cause practical incompatibility.<a href=\"#f3\">(***)</"
-#| "a> Perhaps we should include an upgrade clause in GPL version 4, if we "
-#| "ever need a version 4."
msgid ""
"Since then, I have come to question the wisdom of that decision. Programs "
"such as Linux, which allow only one GNU GPL version and reject license "
@@ -494,26 +454,6 @@
"ÑлÑÑаев, когда в пÑогÑамме ÑÑо ÑвнÑм
обÑазом запÑеÑено."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Finally, what about dual licensing?<a [-href=\"#f4\">(****)</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"#f5\">(*****)</a>+} A dual license is a disjunction: it means
-# | that the same program carries a choice of two or more different licenses.
-# | For instance, older versions of Perl carried a dual license: the
-# | disjunction of the Artistic License and the GNU General Public License.
-# | This meant that each user could choose to use and redistribute Perl under
-# | one license or the other, or under both in disjunction like the Perl
-# | release itself. A disjunction is compatible with a set of other licenses
-# | if any one of the license choices in the disjunction is compatible with
-# | that set.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Finally, what about dual licensing?<a href=\"#f4\">(****)</a> A dual "
-#| "license is a disjunction: it means that the same program carries a choice "
-#| "of two or more different licenses. For instance, older versions of Perl "
-#| "carried a dual license: the disjunction of the Artistic License and the "
-#| "GNU General Public License. This meant that each user could choose to "
-#| "use and redistribute Perl under one license or the other, or under both "
-#| "in disjunction like the Perl release itself. A disjunction is compatible "
-#| "with a set of other licenses if any one of the license choices in the "
-#| "disjunction is compatible with that set."
msgid ""
"Finally, what about dual licensing?<a href=\"#f5\">(*****)</a> A dual "
"license is a disjunction: it means that the same program carries a choice of "
@@ -560,9 +500,10 @@
"merge a number of programs each licensed under one of those licenses. How, "
"then, is the combined program licensed?"
msgstr ""
-"Ðогда Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий ÑовмеÑÑим, ÑÑо
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комбиниÑоваÑÑ "
-"или ÑоединÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑое колиÑеÑÑво
пÑогÑамм, ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· коÑоÑÑÑ
лиÑензиÑована "
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лиÑензиÑÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?"
+"Ðогда Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий ÑовмеÑÑим, ÑÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе законно "
+"комбиниÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑоединÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑое
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"
+"лиÑензиÑована по одной из ÑÑиÑ
лиÑензий.
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+"комбиниÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
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@@ -576,9 +517,9 @@
"Ркаждой лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
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ÑанÑÑÑ "
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+"вопÑоÑ, как лиÑензиÑÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑединеннаÑ
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+"полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой, <em>Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑаÑÑ
внимание</em>?"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -595,8 +536,9 @@
"We say that a license A <em>subsumes</em> license B when compliance with "
"license A implies compliance with license B."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð <em>оÑ
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+"ÐÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð <em>оÑ
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -604,23 +546,24 @@
"subsume the GNU Lesser GPL version N, and all three of those subsume the GNU "
"Lesser GPL version 2.1."
msgstr ""
-"ÐапÑимеÑ, и GNU GPL веÑÑии N, и GNU GPL ÐÑÑеÑо
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Any GNU license, version N, subsumes the Apache 2.0 license provided N is at "
"least 3."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑваеÑ
лиÑÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¸Ñ Apache 2.0 пÑи N, не менÑÑем 3."
+"ÐÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑваеÑ
лиÑÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¸Ñ Apache 2.0 пÑи N, не "
+"менÑÑем 3."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU GPL, version N, subsumes all versions of the Mozilla Public License "
"that are compatible with it."
msgstr ""
-"GNU GPL веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе веÑÑии
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-"Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ ÑовÑеÑÑимÑ."
+"GNU GPL веÑÑии N оÑ
ваÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе веÑÑии
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+"коÑоÑÑе Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ ÑовÑеÑÑимÑ."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -637,8 +580,8 @@
"This is not meant to be a complete list, but if we are informed of other "
"cases worth mentioning, we will add them."
msgstr ""
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"
+"ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
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#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -662,17 +605,10 @@
msgstr ""
"<b>*</b> ÐаловеÑоÑÑно, ÑÑо пÑи конкÑеÑном
ÑоÑеÑании пÑогÑамм могÑÑ "
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"
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#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | <b>*{+*+}</b> The main license in actual use that isn't reasonably behaved
-# | is the license of TeX: if two programs are licensed just the way TeX is,
-# | there is no authorized way to distribute a merged version of them.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>*</b> The main license in actual use that isn't reasonably behaved is "
-#| "the license of TeX: if two programs are licensed just the way TeX is, "
-#| "there is no authorized way to distribute a merged version of them."
msgid ""
"<b>**</b> The main license in actual use that isn't reasonably behaved is "
"the license of TeX: if two programs are licensed just the way TeX is, there "
@@ -708,15 +644,6 @@
"наÑÑилоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÑазÑмнÑе лиÑензии."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | <b>**{+*+}</b> When distributing in source code form, it is usually
-# | sufficient to leave the license notices in the source code as they stand;
-# | extra license notice requirements typically only come up for lax licenses
-# | when distributing binaries without the source code.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>**</b> When distributing in source code form, it is usually sufficient "
-#| "to leave the license notices in the source code as they stand; extra "
-#| "license notice requirements typically only come up for lax licenses when "
-#| "distributing binaries without the source code."
msgid ""
"<b>***</b> When distributing in source code form, it is usually sufficient "
"to leave the license notices in the source code as they stand; extra license "
@@ -730,19 +657,6 @@
"Ñайлов без иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | <b>***{+*+}</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows binaries to be
-# | made nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special signed binaries, and
-# | still does not allow distribution of binaries by [-torrent, as it did when
-# | first published. We-] {+torrent. <a
-# | href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html\">We+} fixed those [-things-]
-# | {+problems,+} and others{+,+} in version [-3,-] {+3</a>,+} but we can't
-# | change version 2.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>***</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows binaries to be made "
-#| "nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special signed binaries, and "
-#| "still does not allow distribution of binaries by torrent, as it did when "
-#| "first published. We fixed those things and others in version 3, but we "
-#| "can't change version 2."
msgid ""
"<b>****</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows binaries to be made "
"nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special signed binaries, and still "
@@ -752,28 +666,12 @@
msgstr ""
"<b>****</b> Рдополнение, GPL веÑÑии 2 вÑе же
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-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | <b>****{+*+}</b> Some [-inexplicably-] use the term “dual
-# | licensing” to refer to selling exceptions, but that is [-an abuse of
-# | language.-] {+a misnomer.+} See <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\"> Selling Exceptions</a>.
-# | Note that if the {+program on which the+} license {+is+} sold [-as an
-# | exception-] includes any code that is not in the [-ordinary-] free
-# | {+(libre)+} release, that's not selling exceptions, that's nonfree
-# | software.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<b>****</b> Some inexplicably use the term “dual licensing” "
-#| "to refer to selling exceptions, but that is an abuse of language. See <a "
-#| "href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\"> Selling Exceptions</a>. "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<b>*****</b> Some use the term “dual licensing” to refer to "
"selling exceptions, but that is a misnomer. See <a href=\"/philosophy/"
@@ -782,12 +680,12 @@
"(libre) release, that's not selling exceptions, that's nonfree software."
msgstr ""
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+"пÑогÑаммÑ."
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -835,9 +733,6 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © [-2015, 2016-] {+2016, 2018+} Free Software Foundation,
-# | Inc.
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid "Copyright © 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
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