www/philosophy/po push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     18/04/18 09:14:07

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po
diff -N push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ push-copyright-aside.zh-cn.po       18 Apr 2018 13:14:06 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# 潘永之，2014.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2018.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: push-copyright-aside.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-01-01 05:58+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-04-18 21:11+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr "科学必须&ldquo;摒弃版权&rdquo; - GNU工程 - 
自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Science must push copyright aside"
+msgstr "科学必须摈弃版权"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Many points that lead to a conclusion that software freedom must be "
+"universal often apply to other forms of expressive works, albeit in "
+"different ways. This essay concerns the application of principles related to "
+"software freedom to the area of literature.  Generally, such issues are "
+"orthogonal to software freedom, but we include essays like this here since "
+"many people interested in Free Software want to know more about how the "
+"principles can be applied to areas other than software.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>许多观点都指向一个结论，这就是软件自由必
须是普适性的；这些观点通常也适用"
+"于其他形式的表达性作品，尽管是以不同的方式。本文å…
³æ³¨çš„是把软件自由的原则应用"
+"åˆ°ç§‘å­¦æ–‡çŒ®é¢†åŸŸã€‚ä¸€èˆ¬åœ°æ¥è¯´ï¼Œè¿™äº›é—®é¢˜å’Œè½¯ä»¶è‡ªç”±æ— å…
³ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ç”±äºŽå¾ˆå¤šå¯¹è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶æ„Ÿ"
+"兴趣的人想知道更多å…
³äºŽå¦‚何把这些原则应用到软件之外的领域，所以我们在此也录å
…¥"
+"了类似本文的一些作品。</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"(This article appeared in <em>Nature</em> magazine's <b>web</b>debates forum "
+"in 2001.)"
+msgstr 
"（本文出现于2001年<em>自然</em>杂志的<b>网络</b>辩论会。）"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It should be a truism that the scientific literature exists to disseminate "
+"scientific knowledge, and that scientific journals exist to facilitate the "
+"process.  It therefore follows that rules for use of the scientific "
+"literature should be designed to help achieve that goal."
+msgstr ""
+"ç§‘å­¦æ–‡çŒ®çš„å­˜åœ¨æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†å¹¿æ³›ä¼ 
播科学知识，而科学刊物的存在是为了便利这个过程，这"
+"应该是一个不言而喻的道理。那么，科学文献的使用规则应该用来帮助达到上述目的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The rules we have now, known as copyright, were established in the age of "
+"the printing press, an inherently centralized method of mass-production "
+"copying.  In a print environment, copyright on journal articles restricted "
+"only journal publishers&mdash;requiring them to obtain permission to publish "
+"an article&mdash;and would-be plagiarists. It helped journals to operate and "
+"disseminate knowledge, without interfering with the useful work of "
+"scientists or students, either as writers or readers of articles. These "
+"rules fit that system well."
+msgstr ""
+"我们目前所知的规则，称为版权，是在印刷机时代制定的，印刷术本质上是一个大规模"
+"å¤åˆ¶çš„é›†ä¸­åŒ–æ–¹æ³•ã€‚åœ¨å°åˆ·çŽ¯å¢ƒä¸­ï¼ŒæœŸåˆŠæ–‡ç« çš„ç‰ˆæƒä»…ä»…
限制刊物发行者&mdash;要求他"
+"ä»¬èŽ·å¾—è®¸å¯æ‰èƒ½åˆŠç™»æ–‡ç« 
&mdash;ä»¥åŠæ‰“ç®—å‰½çªƒçš„äººã€‚å®ƒå¸®åŠ©ç»è¥åˆŠç‰©å¹¶ä¼ æ’­çŸ¥è¯†ï¼ŒåŒæ—¶"
+"也不干涉作为作者或读者
的科学家和学生的有用成果。这些规则很适合那种体系。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The modern technology for scientific publishing, however, is the World Wide "
+"Web.  What rules would best ensure the maximum dissemination of scientific "
+"articles, and knowledge, on the web? Articles should be distributed in "
+"nonproprietary formats, with open access for all. And everyone should have "
+"the right to &ldquo;mirror&rdquo; articles&mdash;that is, to republish them "
+"verbatim with proper attribution."
+msgstr ""
+"然而，科学出版界的现代技术是万维网。什么æ 
·çš„规则才能最有力地保证科学论文和知"
+"è¯†åœ¨ç½‘ä¸Šä¼ æ’­çš„æœ€å¤§åŒ–å‘¢ï¼Ÿæ–‡ç« 
应该以非专有的形式刊登，让所有人都可以透明地使"
+"用。而且每个人都要有权&ldquo;镜像&rdquo;æ–‡ç« &mdash;å³é™„åŠ 
合适的属性，一字不差"
+"地重新刊登。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These rules should apply to past as well as future articles, when they are "
+"distributed in electronic form. But there is no crucial need to change the "
+"present copyright system as it applies to paper publication of journals "
+"because the problem is not in that domain."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿™äº›è§„åˆ™åº”å½“é€‚ç”¨äºŽè¿‡åŽ»å’Œå°†æ¥çš„æ–‡ç« 
ï¼Œåªè¦å®ƒä»¬æ˜¯ä»¥ç”µå­æ ¼å¼å‘è¡¨çš„ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯ï¼Œåœ¨åˆŠç‰©"
+"çš„çº¸è´¨å‘è¡Œç•Œå¹¶ä¸éœ€è¦è¿«åˆ‡åœ°æ”¹å˜çŽ°è¡Œç‰ˆæƒç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œå› 
为问题不在这个领域。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, it seems that not everyone agrees with the truisms that began "
+"this article. Many journal publishers appear to believe that the purpose of "
+"scientific literature is to enable them to publish journals so as to collect "
+"subscriptions from scientists and students. Such thinking is known as &ldquo;"
+"confusion of the means with the ends&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å¹¸çš„æ˜¯ï¼Œä¼¼ä¹Žå¹¶éžæ¯ä¸ªäººéƒ½åŒæ„æ–‡ç« 
一开始就提出的真理。许多期刊发行商似乎认为"
+"科学文献的宗旨是使他们能够发行刊物从而得到科学家和学生的订é˜
…ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„æƒ³æ³•ç§°åš"
+"&ldquo;目的和方法的混淆&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Their approach has been to restrict access even to read the scientific "
+"literature to those who can and will pay for it. They use copyright law, "
+"which is still in force despite its inappropriateness for computer networks, "
+"as an excuse to stop scientists from choosing new rules."
+msgstr ""
+"他们的做法是限制科学文献的使用，更有甚者
把科学文献提供给有能力并愿为此付费的"
+"人。他们用版权法律&mdash;尽管在计算机网络领域不合理但依然在实施&mdash;作为借"
+"口来阻止科学家选择新规则。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For the sake of scientific cooperation and humanity's future, we must reject "
+"that approach at its root&mdash;not merely the obstructive systems that have "
+"been instituted, but the mistaken priorities that inspired them."
+msgstr ""
+"为了科学合作和人类的未来，我们必须从æ 
¹æœ¬ä¸Šæ‹’绝这种行为&mdash;不只是已制定的起"
+"阻碍作用的体系，还有鼓动它们的错误的先入之见。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Journal publishers sometimes claim that online access requires expensive "
+"high-powered server machines, and that they must charge access fees to pay "
+"for these servers. This &ldquo;problem&rdquo; is a consequence of its own "
+"&ldquo;solution.&rdquo; Give everyone the freedom to mirror, and libraries "
+"around the world will set up mirror sites to meet the demand. This "
+"decentralized solution will reduce network bandwidth needs and provide "
+"faster access, all the while protecting the scholarly record against "
+"accidental loss."
+msgstr ""
+"期刊出版商有时声称在线访问需要昂贵的高耗电的服务器，他们å¿
…须索取使用费来支付"
+"服务器费用。这个&ldquo;问题&rdquo;是它本身的&ldquo;解决方案&rdquo;的结果。给"
+"每个人镜像的自由，世界各地的图书馆将会建立起镜像站点来满足需要。这种分散化的"
+"解决方法将会降低网络带宽需求，提供更快的访问，同时保护学术ç
 ”究资料免遭意外损"
+"失。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Publishers also argue that paying the editors requires charging for access.  "
+"Let us accept the assumption that editors must be paid; this tail need not "
+"wag the dog. The cost of editing for a typical paper is between 1 percent "
+"and 3 percent of the cost of funding the research to produce it. Such a "
+"small percentage of the cost can hardly justify obstructing the use of the "
+"results."
+msgstr ""
+"他们又会争辩，为了支付编辑人员，所以要求付费才能访问。让我们接受å¿
…须给编辑付"
+"钱这个假设；这是不会影响大局的。一份å…
¸åž‹è®ºæ–‡çš„ç¼–è¾‘è´¹ç”¨æ˜¯å…¶ç ”ç©¶èµ„é‡‘çš„1%至3%。"
+"如此小比例的费用很难作为限制使用该成果的正当理由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Instead, the cost of editing could be recovered, for example, through page "
+"charges to the authors, who can pass these on to the research sponsors.  The "
+"sponsors should not mind, given that they currently pay for publication in a "
+"more cumbersome way, through overhead fees for the university library's "
+"subscription to the journal. By changing the economic model to charge "
+"editing costs to the research sponsors, we can eliminate the apparent need "
+"to restrict access. The occasional author who is not affiliated with an "
+"institution or company, and who has no research sponsor, could be exempted "
+"from page charges, with costs levied on institution-based authors."
+msgstr ""
+"相反，编辑费用可设法补偿，例如，通过对作者
收取版面费用，而作者可以把这些费用"
+"è½¬å«åˆ°ç ”ç©¶èµžåŠ©è€…èº«ä¸Šã€‚èµžåŠ©è€…åº”å½“ä¸ä¼šä»‹æ„ï¼Œå› 
为他们正在用一种更麻烦的方式，即"
+"通过给大学图书馆订阅
期刊的中间费用，为出版物掏钱。改变经济模型，向ç 
”究赞助人"
+"收取编辑费，我们可以消除限制访问的表面需求。偶有作者
不隶属于某个机构或公司，"
+"ä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰ç ”ç©¶èµžåŠ©è€…ï¼Œå¯ä»¥å…
é™¤ç‰ˆé¢æ”¶è´¹ï¼Œå³åªå‘隶属机构的作者收费。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another justification for access fees to online publications is to fund "
+"conversion of the print archives of a journal into online form. That work "
+"needs to be done, but we should seek alternative ways of funding it that do "
+"not involve obstructing access to the result. The work itself will not be "
+"any more difficult, or cost any more. It is self-defeating to digitize the "
+"archives and waste the results by restricting access."
+msgstr ""
+"另一个为在线读物收费的理由是：把纸质刊物转换成在线方式需要资金。这项工作å¿
…é¡»"
+"完成，但我们应寻求不妨碍成果使用的å…
¶ä»–方式来筹资。该工作本身不会更困难，也不"
+"会花更多的钱。把档案数字化然后通过限制访问浪费成果不啻自扳台脚。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The US Constitution says that copyright exists &ldquo;to promote the "
+"Progress of Science&rdquo;. When copyright impedes the progress of science, "
+"science must push copyright out of the way."
+msgstr ""
+"美国宪法上说，版权的存在是&ldquo;为了推动科学的进步&rdquo;。当版权阻碍科学进"
+"步时，科学必须摒弃版权。"
+
+#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
+msgid "Later developments:"
+msgstr "后来的扩展："
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some universities have adopted policies to thwart the journal publishers' "
+"power. For instance, here is MIT's."
+msgstr 
"一些大学采取了挫败期刊出版商的政策。比如，以下是麻省理工学院的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-";
+"policy/\"> https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-";
+"policy/</a>.  Stronger policies are needed, however, as this one permits "
+"individual authors to \"opt out\" (i.e., cave in)."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-";
+"policy/\"> https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-";
+"policy/</a>。不过，我们需要更强有力的政策，比如像这个å…
è®¸ç‹¬ç«‹ä½œè€…“退出”（又称"
+"陷落）的政策。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The US government has imposed a requirement known as \"public access\" on "
+"some funded research.  This requires publication within a certain period in "
+"a site that allows anyone to view the article.  This requirement is a "
+"positive step, but inadequate because it does not include freedom to "
+"redistribute the article."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¾Žå›½æ”¿åºœå·²ç»å¯¹æŸäº›å—èµ„åŠ©çš„ç ”ç©¶å¼ºåŠ äº†è¢«ç§°ä¸ºâ€œå…
¬å¼€è®¿é—®â€œçš„要求。它要求出版物网站"
+"åœ¨ä¸€å®šæœŸé™å†…è¦å…è®¸ä»»ä½•äººæŸ¥çœ‹æ–‡ç« 
ã€‚è¿™è¿ˆå‡ºäº†ç§¯æžçš„ä¸€æ­¥ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯è¿˜ä¸å¤Ÿï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒæ²¡æœ‰"
+"åŒ…å«è½¬å‘æ–‡ç« çš„è‡ªç”±ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Curiously, the concept of \"open access\" in the 2002 Budapest Open Access "
+"Initiative did include freedom to redistribute.  I signed that declaration, "
+"despite my distaste for the word \"open\", because the substance of the "
+"position was right."
+msgstr ""
+"奇怪的是，在2002年的布达佩斯开放访问倡议中，“开放访问”的概念实é™
…上包含了转发"
+"自由。尽管我不喜欢“开放”一词，我还是签署了那个声明，å›
 为其代表的实质内容是正"
+"确的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, the word \"open\" had the last laugh: influential campaigners for "
+"\"open access\" subsequently dropped freedom to redistribute from their "
+"goals.  I stand by the position of the <a href=\"http://www.";
+"budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/\">BOAI</a>, but now that \"open access\" "
+"means something else, I refer to it as \"redistributable publication\" or "
+"\"free-to-mirror publication\"."
+msgstr ""
+"不过，“开放“一词还是笑在了最后：“开放访问“中有影响的活动家后来放弃了å
…¶è½¬å‘自"
+"ç”±çš„ç›®æ ‡ã€‚æˆ‘æ”¯æŒ<a 
href=\"http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/";
+"\">BOAI</a>çš„ç«‹åœºï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å› 
为现在“开放访问”另有所指，我更愿意称之为“可转发出"
+"版”或“自由镜像出版”。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2001, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2001, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>：潘永之，2014。<br></br>\n"
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："