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www/philosophy/po free-software-for-freedom.zh-...


From: Wensheng XIE
Subject: www/philosophy/po free-software-for-freedom.zh-...
Date: Fri, 2 Feb 2018 09:32:46 -0500 (EST)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     18/02/02 09:32:46

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po
diff -N free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ free-software-for-freedom.zh-cn.po  2 Feb 2018 14:32:44 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,743 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Canyon Tseng <address@hidden>
+# 刘昭宏 <address@hidden>
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2018.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: free-software-for-freedom.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-11-18 06:59+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-02 22:30+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Why &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo; is better than &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; - "
+"GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"为什么&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;好于&ldquo;开源&rdquo; - GNU工程 - 
自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid ""
+"Why &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo; is better than &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo;"
+msgstr "为什么&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;好于&ldquo;开源&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This article has been superseded by a major rewrite, <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"open-source-misses-the-point.html\">&ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; misses the "
+"point of Free Software</a>, which is much better.  We keep this version for "
+"historical reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"本文已经被其主要重写版替代,<a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">&ldquo;开源&rdquo;错失了自由软件的重点</a>,重写版要好得多。为了"
+"历史原因,我们还把它放在这里。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"While free software by any other name would give you the same freedom, it "
+"makes a big difference which name we use: different words <em>convey "
+"different ideas</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"虽然自由软件不以自由命名,也能给你同æ 
·çš„自由,但是使用其他的名字会造成重大的"
+"不同:不同的词汇<em>传达不同的理念</em>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using the "
+"term <a href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>&ldquo;open source software&rdquo;</"
+"a> instead of <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">&ldquo;free "
+"software&rdquo;</a> to describe what they do.  The term &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo; quickly became associated with a different approach, a "
+"different philosophy, different values, and even a different criterion for "
+"which licenses are acceptable.  The Free Software movement and the Open "
+"Source movement are today <a href=\"#relationship\"> separate movements</a> "
+"with different views and goals, although we can and do work together on some "
+"practical projects."
+msgstr ""
+"1998年,自由软件社区有些人开始使用<a 
href=\"https://opensource.org/\";>&ldquo;"
+"开源软件&rdquo;</a>来替代<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">&ldquo;自由软件"
+"&rdquo;</a>来描述他们的所作所为。&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词迅速å…
³è”到不同的方法、"
+"不同的哲学、不同的价值,甚至是接受何种许可证的不同æ 
‡å‡†ã€‚现在,自由软件运动与"
+"开源运动,已经是<a 
href=\"#relationship\">各自独立的运动</a>,它们有不同的观"
+"点和目标,虽然两者还能一起从事实际的项目。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The fundamental difference between the two movements is in their values, "
+"their ways of looking at the world.  For the Open Source movement, the issue "
+"of whether software should be open source is a practical question, not an "
+"ethical one.  As one person put it, &ldquo;Open source is a development "
+"methodology; free software is a social movement.&rdquo; For the Open Source "
+"movement, non-free software is a suboptimal solution.  For the Free Software "
+"movement, non-free software is a social problem and free software is the "
+"solution."
+msgstr ""
+"两个运动的根本差别在于它们的价值、它们看待
世界的方法。就开源运动而言,软件是"
+"否应该开源是一个实际
的问题,而不是道德诉求。正如有人指出,&ldquo;开源是一种开"
+"发的方法;自由软件是一场社会运动。&rdquo;对开源运动来说,非自由软件不是最佳答"
+"案。对自由软件运动来说,非自由软件是社会问题,而自由软件是正解。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"Relationship between the Free Software movement and Open Source movement"
+msgstr "自由软件运动和开源运动的关系"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software movement and the Open Source movement are like two "
+"political camps within the free software community."
+msgstr 
"自由软件运动和开源运动就像自由软件社区里的两个政治阵营。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Radical groups in the 1960s developed a reputation for factionalism: "
+"organizations split because of disagreements on details of strategy, and "
+"then treated each other as enemies.  Or at least, such is the image people "
+"have of them, whether or not it was true."
+msgstr ""
+"20世纪60年代激进团体形成的口碑就是派系主义:组织的割裂起å›
 äºŽå¯¹æˆ˜ç•¥ç»†èŠ‚的分"
+"歧,而后异议阵营对峙若敌。或者至少可说,无
论这个是否属实,人们的印象就是这"
+"样。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The relationship between the Free Software movement and the Open Source "
+"movement is just the opposite of that picture.  We disagree on the basic "
+"principles, but agree more or less on the practical recommendations.  So we "
+"can and do work together on many specific projects.  We don't think of the "
+"Open Source movement as an enemy.  The enemy is <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> proprietary software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"自由软件运动与开源运动的å…
³ç³»å’Œä¸Šè¿°å°è±¡æ­£å¥½ç›¸åã€‚我们的基本原则不同,但对实际"
+"操作的建议大致相同。所以两者能够å…
±åŒæˆå°±ç‰¹å®šçš„项目。我们不认为开源运动是敌"
+"人。敌人是<a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">专属软"
+"件</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are not against the Open Source movement, but we don't want to be lumped "
+"in with them.  We acknowledge that they have contributed to our community, "
+"but we created this community, and we want people to know this.  We want "
+"people to associate our achievements with our values and our philosophy, not "
+"with theirs.  We want to be heard, not obscured behind a group with "
+"different views.  To prevent people from thinking we are part of them, we "
+"take pains to avoid using the word &ldquo;open&rdquo; to describe free "
+"software, or its contrary, &ldquo;closed&rdquo;, in talking about non-free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"我们不反对开源运动,但是我们不想和他们混为一谈。我们感谢他们对自由软件社区有"
+"贡献,但是是我们创建的社区,而我们期望人们认识到这一点。我们期å¾
…人们把我们的"
+"价值与哲学和我们的成就联系起来,而不是联想到开源的观念。我们要人们听到我们的"
+"声音,而不是被遮蔽在持有不同观点的另一群人背后。为了防止被视为是他们的一部"
+"分,我们忍痛避用&ldquo;开放的&rdquo;这个词汇来描述自由软件,也不使用&ldquo;封"
+"闭的&rdquo;这个字眼来称呼非自由软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So please mention the Free Software movement when you talk about the work we "
+"have done, and the software we have developed&mdash;such as the <a href=\"/"
+"gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> operating system."
+msgstr ""
+"因
此,当您谈论我们的作为,以及谈论我们的软件&mdash;比如<a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-"
+"and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>操作系统时,请说自由软件运动。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Comparing the two terms"
+msgstr "两种措辞的比较"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This rest of this article compares the two terms &ldquo;free software&rdquo; "
+"and &ldquo;open source&rdquo;.  It shows why the term &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo; does not solve any problems, and in fact creates some."
+msgstr ""
+"本文以下部分比较&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;两种措辞。这会告诉"
+"您为何&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词没有解决任何问题,反而制造
了麻烦。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Ambiguity"
+msgstr "歧义"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has an ambiguity problem: an unintended "
+"meaning, &ldquo;Software you can get for zero price,&rdquo; fits the term "
+"just as well as the intended meaning, &ldquo;software which gives the user "
+"certain freedoms.&rdquo; We address this problem by publishing a <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.html\"> more precise definition of free software</a>, but "
+"this is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem.  "
+"An unambiguously correct term would be better, if it didn't have other "
+"problems."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;free 
software&rdquo;一词带有歧义,它有一个不是我们期望的解释:&ldquo;"
+"免费可得的软件&rdquo;。而我们的定义是:&ldquo;给予使用者
自由的软件&rdquo;。两"
+"个解释都刚好符合这个名字。我们发布说明<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">更"
+"准确的自由软件定义</a>来澄清
这个问题,但这不是一个完美的解决方案;它不能全然"
+"消除这个问题。如果能找到没有歧义、也不引起å…
¶ä»–问题的措辞当然是比较好的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own.  "
+"We've looked at many alternatives that people have suggested, but none is so "
+"clearly &ldquo;right&rdquo; that switching to it would be a good idea.  "
+"Every proposed replacement for &ldquo;free software&rdquo; has a similar "
+"kind of semantic problem, or worse&mdash;and this includes &ldquo;open "
+"source software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"不幸的是,所有可用的替代英文措辞都有各自的问题。我们尝试各方人士建议的措辞,"
+"也没有找到一个明显&ldquo;正确&rdquo;的好替代。每个替代&ldquo;free
 "
+"software&rdquo;的提案都有类似的语义问题,甚至更差&mdash;å…
¶ä¸­åŒ…括&ldquo;"
+"opensource software(开源)&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The official definition of &ldquo;open source software,&rdquo; as published "
+"by the Open Source Initiative, is very close to our definition of free "
+"software; however, it is a little looser in some respects, and they have "
+"accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive of the "
+"users.  However, the obvious meaning for the expression &ldquo;open source "
+"software&rdquo; is &ldquo;You can look at the source code.&rdquo; This is a "
+"much weaker criterion than free software; it includes free software, but "
+"also some <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> "
+"proprietary</a> programs, including Xv, and Qt under its original license "
+"(before the QPL)."
+msgstr ""
+"由开源促进会发布的&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的官方定义和我们对自由软件的定义非常"
+"接近;不过,它某些方面稍显松散,而且它接受的某些许可证给用户带来限制是我们不"
+"能接受的。然而,&ldquo;开源软件&rduqo;这一表达的字面意义是&ldquo;ä½
 å¯ä»¥æŸ¥çœ‹æº"
+"代码。&rdquo;这个标准比自由软件弱太多;它包
含自由软件,但是也包含一些<a href="
+"\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">专属</a>程序,比如Xv和按"
+"照原始许可证发布的Qt(在QPL<sup><a 
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>之前的许可"
+"证)。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That obvious meaning for &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is not the meaning that "
+"its advocates intend.  The result is that most people misunderstand what "
+"those advocates are advocating.  Here is how writer Neal Stephenson defined "
+"&ldquo;open source&rdquo;:"
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的字面意思已经不是倡议者原来的诉求。å…
¶ç»“果是大多人误解了其"
+"倡导者倡导的本意。来看看作家Neal 
Stephenson如何定义&ldquo;开源&rdquo;:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Linux is &ldquo;open source&rdquo; software meaning, simply, that anyone can "
+"get copies of its source code files."
+msgstr ""
+"Linux是&ldquo;开源&rdquo;软件意味着,简单说,任何人都可以获得å
…¶æºä»£ç æ–‡ä»¶çš„æ‹·"
+"贝。"
+
+#.  The <a href="http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf";>
+#.  state of
+#. Kansas</a> published a similar definition: 
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the &ldquo;"
+"official&rdquo; definition.  I think he simply applied the conventions of "
+"the English language to come up with a meaning for the term. The state of "
+"Kansas published a similar definition:"
+msgstr ""
+"我认为Neal Stephenson并非故
意拒绝或争论开源的&ldquo;官方&rdquo;定义。我想他只"
+"是单纯地从英语文字出发,顾名思义。å 
ªè¨æ–¯å·žæ”¿åºœä¹Ÿå‘布类似的认知:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Make use of open-source software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source "
+"code is freely and publicly available, though the specific licensing "
+"agreements vary as to what one is allowed to do with that code."
+msgstr ""
+"请使用开源软件(OSS)。开源软件的源代码免费且å…
¬å¼€ï¼Œå°½ç®¡å…¶å¯¹äººä»¬å¯¹å…¶æºä»£ç å¯ä»¥"
+"做什么不可以做什么的许可证有多种变化。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the open source people have tried to deal with this by publishing "
+"a precise definition for the term, just as we have done for &ldquo;free "
+"software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"当然,正如我们对&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;做的一æ 
·ï¼Œå¼€æºäººå£«ä¹Ÿæ›¾åŠªåŠ›é€šè¿‡å‘布该词"
+"语的精确定义来解决问题。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the explanation for &ldquo;free software&rdquo; is simple&mdash;a person "
+"who has grasped the idea of &ldquo;free speech, not free beer&rdquo; will "
+"not get it wrong again.  There is no such succinct way to explain the "
+"official meaning of &ldquo;open source&rdquo; and show clearly why the "
+"natural definition is the wrong one."
+msgstr ""
+"然而&ldquo;free 
software&rdquo;的解释是简单的&mdash;人们只要能理解&ldquo;言论"
+"自由,而非免费啤é…
’&rdquo;,就能够不再错解自由软件中&ldquo;free&rdquo;的意味。"
+"而&ldquo;开源&rdquo;却没有一个方法能够这般简洁地涵盖å…
¶æ­£å¼å®šä¹‰å¹¶æ˜Žç¡®æŒ‡å‡ºä¸ºä»€"
+"么其字面意义是错误的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Fear of Freedom"
+msgstr "对自由的恐惧"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The main argument for the term &ldquo;open source software&rdquo; is that "
+"&ldquo;free software&rdquo; makes some people uneasy.  That's true: talking "
+"about freedom, about ethical issues, about responsibilities as well as "
+"convenience, is asking people to think about things they might rather "
+"ignore.  This can trigger discomfort, and some people may reject the idea "
+"for that.  It does not follow that society would be better off if we stop "
+"talking about these things."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;开源软件&rduoq;的主要论点是&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;会使一些人感到不安。"
+"那是真的:谈论有å…
³è‡ªç”±çš„话题、谈论道德伦理的议题、谈论å…
¬ä¼—义务以及个人利益,"
+"就是在促使人们思考他们宁愿忽视的一些事。这会引发情
感的不悦、以及某些人士的抵"
+"制。这并不意味着如果人们不å…
³å¿ƒè¿™äº›äº‹ã€ç¤¾ä¼šå°±ä¼šå˜å¾—更好。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Years ago, free software developers noticed this discomfort reaction, and "
+"some started exploring an approach for avoiding it.  They figured that by "
+"keeping quiet about ethics and freedom, and talking only about the immediate "
+"practical benefits of certain free software, they might be able to &ldquo;"
+"sell&rdquo; the software more effectively to certain users, especially "
+"business.  The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is offered as a way of doing "
+"more of this&mdash;a way to be &ldquo;more acceptable to business.&rdquo; "
+"The views and values of the Open Source movement stem from this decision."
+msgstr ""
+"几年前,自由软件的开发者
们注意到这种不悦的反应,有人开始探究一个能免除困局的"
+"方法。他们意识到,如果对道德与自由的理念保持沉默,只讨论能够立即带来实质利益"
+"的自由软件,他们或许能更有效率地&ldquo;销售&rdquo;这些软件给客户,特别是企业"
+"界的客户。&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词就是用来更多地朝这个方向努力&mdash;一个"
+"&ldquo;让企业界更接受&rdquo;的方式。开源运动的视野与价值就是æ
 ¹æ¤åœ¨è¿™ä¸ªå†³å®šä¹‹"
+"上。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This approach has proved effective, in its own terms.  Today many people are "
+"switching to free software for purely practical reasons.  That is good, as "
+"far as it goes, but that isn't all we need to do! Attracting users to free "
+"software is not the whole job, just the first step."
+msgstr ""
+"用他们自己的话来说,这种方法已被证实有效。今天有许多人就为纯粹实é™
…的理由而转"
+"到自由软件。这æ 
·ä¸‹åŽ»ä¹Ÿå¾ˆå¥½ï¼Œä½†æˆ‘们谋求的并不到此为止!吸引人们接纳自由软件并"
+"不是整个工程,它只是第一步。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sooner or later these users will be invited to switch back to proprietary "
+"software for some practical advantage.  Countless companies seek to offer "
+"such temptation, and why would users decline? Only if they have learned to "
+"<em>value the freedom</em> free software gives them, for its own sake.  It "
+"is up to us to spread this idea&mdash;and in order to do that, we have to "
+"talk about freedom.  A certain amount of the &ldquo;keep quiet&rdquo; "
+"approach to business can be useful for the community, but we must have "
+"plenty of freedom talk too."
+msgstr ""
+"这些用户迟早会因
为实用的优势而再转回到专属软件。为数庞大的软件å…
¬å¸æ­£åœ¨æä¾›æ­¤"
+"类利诱,用户为什么要拒绝呢?除非他们懂得去<em>衡量自由的价值</em>,这些自由是"
+"自由软件自身就带有的。这种理念有赖于我们的传
播&mdash;为了实践它,我们必须谈论"
+"自由。有一些人用&ldquo;沉默&rdquo;的方法做生意对社区可能有益,但我们还å¿
…须得"
+"有足够多的谈论自由的声音。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At present, we have plenty of &ldquo;keep quiet&rdquo;, but not enough "
+"freedom talk.  Most people involved with free software say little about "
+"freedom&mdash;usually because they seek to be &ldquo;more acceptable to "
+"business.&rdquo; Software distributors especially show this pattern.  Some "
+"<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> operating system "
+"distributions add proprietary packages to the basic free system, and they "
+"invite users to consider this an advantage, rather than a step backwards "
+"from freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"现在,我们有太多的&ldquo;沉默&rdquo;,而对自由的讨论却不够。大多数参与自由软"
+"件者很少谈论自由&mdash;通常是因
为他们要寻求&ldquo;让企业界更接受&rdquo;。软件"
+"销售业者尤其倾向这种姿态。有些<a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</"
+"a>操作系统的发行版将专属软件添加
到自由系统之中,他们鼓励用户将之视为优势,而"
+"不是告诉他们这是在背离自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are failing to keep up with the influx of free software users, failing to "
+"teach people about freedom and our community as fast as they enter it.  This "
+"is why non-free software (which Qt was when it first became popular), and "
+"partially non-free operating system distributions, find such fertile "
+"ground.  To stop using the word &ldquo;free&rdquo; now would be a mistake; "
+"we need more, not less, talk about freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"人数增长太快,我们没能应对好自由软件用户的涌å…
¥ï¼Œæ²¡èƒ½æ•™è‚²å¥½äººä»¬è‡ªç”±å’Œæˆ‘们社区"
+"的价值。这就是为什么非自由软件(比如最初开始流行的Qt),特别是非自由的操作系"
+"统发行版能在这片土地繁荣的原因
。现在我们放弃使用&ldquo;自由&rdquo;一词会是一"
+"个错误;我们需要更多、而不是更少的关于自由的探讨。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If those using the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; draw more users into our "
+"community, that is a contribution, but the rest of us will have to work even "
+"harder to bring the issue of freedom to those users' attention.  We have to "
+"say, &ldquo;It's free software and it gives you freedom!&rdquo;&mdash;more "
+"and louder than ever before."
+msgstr ""
+"如果&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词吸引更多的用户加å…
¥æˆ‘们的社区,那当然是贡献,但我们"
+"因此可能得更费力才有办法让他们把自由听入耳中。我们必
须说,&ldquo;这是自由软"
+"件,它给你自由!&rdquo;&mdash;比以往更多、更大声地说。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Would a Trademark Help?"
+msgstr "商标会有帮助吗?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The advocates of &ldquo;open source software&rdquo; tried to make it a "
+"trademark, saying this would enable them to prevent misuse.  This initiative "
+"was later dropped, the term being too descriptive to qualify as a trademark; "
+"thus, the legal status of &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is the same as that of "
+"&ldquo;free software&rdquo;: there is no <em>legal</em> constraint on using "
+"it.  I have heard reports of a number of companies' calling software "
+"packages &ldquo;open source&rdquo; even though they did not fit the official "
+"definition; I have observed some instances myself."
+msgstr ""
+"&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的倡议者想要让该理念转化为商æ 
‡ï¼Œè®¤ä¸ºé‚£èƒ½é¿å…è¯¥å­—眼遭到"
+"滥用。后来放弃初衷,因
为它是个描述,不是个名称,难以通过商标的认证规则;结"
+"果,在法律上&ldquo;开源&rdquo;与&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;一样:å…
¶ä½¿ç”¨ä¸å—<em>法"
+"定</em>拘束。我听说许多软件商的产品即使不符开源的正式定义,仍然以&ldquo;开源"
+"&rdquo;之名冠称之;我也亲见几个实例。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But would it have made a big difference to use a term that is a trademark? "
+"Not necessarily."
+msgstr "将寻常使用的措辞转变成商æ 
‡èƒ½æ”¹å˜äº‹æ€å—?不尽然。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Companies also made announcements that give the impression that a program is "
+"&ldquo;open source software&rdquo; without explicitly saying so.  For "
+"example, one IBM announcement, about a program that did not fit the official "
+"definition, said this:"
+msgstr ""
+"厂商也曾发布意义不明确的公开声明,以便使人们对å…
¶äº§å“èŒç”Ÿ&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的"
+"印象。例如IBM对它的一个不符开源官方定义的产品如此声称:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"As is common in the open source community, users of the ...  technology will "
+"also be able to collaborate with IBM ..."
+msgstr "一如开源社群,......科技产品的使用者
也能参与IBM的合作......"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This did not actually say that the program <em>was</em> &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo;, but many readers did not notice that detail.  (I should note "
+"that IBM was sincerely trying to make this program free software, and later "
+"adopted a new license which does make it free software and &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo;; but when that announcement was made, the program did not "
+"qualify as either one.)"
+msgstr ""
+"此声明并未明确说该程序<em>是</em>&ldquo;开源&rdquo;程序;但是许多读è€
…却不会注"
+"意此细节。(我必须告知读者
,后来IBM真诚地试着让它变成自由软件,并引入一个新许"
+"可证使它变成自由软件和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;;只不过,上述的声明发表之初,它哪个"
+"都不是。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And here is how Cygnus Solutions, which was formed to be a free software "
+"company and subsequently branched out (so to speak) into proprietary "
+"software, advertised some proprietary software products:"
+msgstr ""
+"其次的案例是,Cygnus 
Solutions如何从原来要成为一家自由软件公司,而结果变成专"
+"属软件公司的分支,它为专属软件作如此宣传:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Cygnus Solutions is a leader in the open source market and has just launched "
+"two products into the [GNU/]Linux marketplace."
+msgstr ""
+"Cygnus Solutions在开源市场居领导地位,并将两项产品投å…
¥[GNU/]Linux的市场。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike IBM, Cygnus was not trying to make these packages free software, and "
+"the packages did not come close to qualifying.  But Cygnus didn't actually "
+"say that these are &ldquo;open source software&rdquo;, they just made use of "
+"the term to give careless readers that impression."
+msgstr ""
+"与IBM不同的是,Cygnus 
Solutions没想要让它的商品变成自由软件,其性质也不倾向自"
+"由软件。但是Cygnus 
Solutions并未确称之为&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;,他们使用该措"
+"辞只是要混淆视听。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly prevented "
+"the confusion that comes with the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;."
+msgstr "上面两例表明了商æ 
‡å¹¶ä¸èƒ½çœŸæ­£æœç»ç”±&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词引起的混淆。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Misunderstandings(?) of &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo;"
+msgstr "对&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的误解(?)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Open Source Definition is clear enough, and it is quite clear that the "
+"typical non-free program does not qualify.  So you would think that &ldquo;"
+"Open Source company&rdquo; would mean one whose products are free software "
+"(or close to it), right? Alas, many companies are trying to give it a "
+"different meaning."
+msgstr ""
+"其实,开放源码的定义够清楚了,够清楚让人看出å…
¸åž‹éžè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ä¸ç¬¦å¼€æºçš„精神。那"
+"么你是不是认为&ldquo;开放源码å…
¬å¸&rdquo;的产品,当然就是(或很接近是)自由软"
+"件?唉,许多公司却想赋予它不同的意思。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the &ldquo;Open Source Developers Day&rdquo; meeting in August 1998, "
+"several of the commercial developers invited said they intend to make only a "
+"part of their work free software (or &ldquo;open source&rdquo;).  The focus "
+"of their business is on developing proprietary add-ons (software or <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">manuals</a>) to sell to the users of this free "
+"software.  They ask us to regard this as legitimate, as part of our "
+"community, because some of the money is donated to free software development."
+msgstr ""
+"1998年8月,在开放源码开发者日会议上,几
个受邀的商业软件商表示他们只愿意让一部"
+"分产品变成自由软件(或&ldquo;开源&rdquo;)。他们的事业重心仍在开发å
…¶ä»–的专属"
+"附加组件(软件或<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">手册</a>),以销售给他"
+"们的自由软件客户。他们希望我们认同此举的正当性,因
为部分获利会赞助自由软件的"
+"开发。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In effect, these companies seek to gain the favorable cachet of &ldquo;open "
+"source&rdquo; for their proprietary software products&mdash;even though "
+"those are not &ldquo;open source software&rdquo;&mdash;because they have "
+"some relationship to free software or because the same company also "
+"maintains some free software.  (One company founder said quite explicitly "
+"that they would put, into the free package they support, as little of their "
+"work as the community would stand for.)"
+msgstr ""
+"实质上,他们想要为他们的专属软件赢得&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的名声&mdash;即使这些产"
+"品不是&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;&mdash;只因
为他们与自由软件有点渊源、或者这些公司"
+"也在维护一些自由软件。(某家å…
¬å¸çš„创始人相当直白地说,他们只会尽量少地为他们"
+"所支持的自由软件付出,除非社区无法忍受这种行为。)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software "
+"development.  Some of these companies primarily developed non-free software, "
+"but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore their non-free "
+"products, and work with them on free software projects.  Then we could "
+"honestly thank them afterward for their free software contributions, without "
+"talking about the rest of what they did."
+msgstr ""
+"多年以来,许多公司为自由软件的开发做出贡献。å…
¶ä¸­æœ‰äº›å…¬å¸ä¸»è¦æ˜¯å¼€å‘非自由软"
+"件,但是两边的工作是独立的;所以,我们可以忽略å…
¶éžè‡ªç”±çš„产品,而与他们合作发"
+"展自由软件项目。而后我们真诚地感谢他们对自由软件的贡献,并不å¿
…谈起他们的非自"
+"由软件事业。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let us.  "
+"These companies actively invite the public to lump all their activities "
+"together; they want us to regard their non-free software as favorably as we "
+"would regard a real contribution, although it is not one.  They present "
+"themselves as &ldquo;open source companies,&rdquo; hoping that we will get a "
+"warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be fuzzy-minded in applying "
+"it."
+msgstr ""
+"我们却没法子与前述的新公司采行同æ 
·åˆä½œæ–¹å¼ï¼Œäº‹å®žä¸Šæ˜¯ä»–们不允准。这些公司主动"
+"邀请å…
¬ä¼—来把各种工作混在一起;他们想让我们承认他们那些非自由软件产品也是真正"
+"的贡献,虽然实际
上它们不是。他们把自己打扮成&ldquo;开源软件å…
¬å¸&rdquo;,以为"
+"我们将因此升起好感而在这问题上打迷糊仗。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This manipulative practice would be no less harmful if it were done using "
+"the term &ldquo;free software.&rdquo; But companies do not seem to use the "
+"term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; that way; perhaps its association with "
+"idealism makes it seem unsuitable.  The term &ldquo;open source&rdquo; "
+"opened the door for this."
+msgstr ""
+"他们巧妙的文字游戏,如果拿来操弄&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;也一æ
 ·å¥æ•ˆã€‚但是他们似"
+"乎不想取用&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;这个措辞;或许是自由软件这个字眼不å
…ä»¤äººè”想"
+"起理想主义,反而变成商人不欲碰触的对象。正巧&ldquo;开源&rdquo;这个措辞,为他"
+"们打开了搬弄文字的大门。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At a trade show in late 1998, dedicated to the operating system often "
+"referred to as <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;</a>, "
+"the featured speaker was an executive from a prominent software company.  He "
+"was probably invited on account of his company's decision to &ldquo;"
+"support&rdquo; that system.  Unfortunately, their form of &ldquo;"
+"support&rdquo; consists of releasing non-free software that works with the "
+"system&mdash;in other words, using our community as a market but not "
+"contributing to it."
+msgstr ""
+"1998年末的商展,专为通常被称为<a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">&ldquo;"
+"Linux&rdquo;</a>的操作系统而举办。å…
¶ç²¾é€‰çš„演讲嘉宾是来自某著名软件公司的高"
+"管。他可能是因为该å…
¬å¸å†³å®š&ldquo;支持&rdquo;此操作系统而受邀。不妙的是,他们"
+"的&ldquo;支持&rdquo;包
括发布支持该系统的非自由软件&mdash;换句话说,他们想来自"
+"由社区开辟市场,而不是想要有所贡献。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He said, &ldquo;There is no way we will make our product open source, but "
+"perhaps we will make it &lsquo;internal&rsquo; open source.  If we allow our "
+"customer support staff to have access to the source code, they could fix "
+"bugs for the customers, and we could provide a better product and better "
+"service.&rdquo; (This is not an exact quote, as I did not write his words "
+"down, but it gets the gist.)"
+msgstr ""
+"他说了,&ldquo;要我们的产品开源是不可能的啦,但我们或许可以同意&ldquo;对å†
…"
+"&rdquo;开源。假使我们允许我们的客户支持部门访问源ç 
ï¼Œä»–们可以为客户修复问题,"
+"我们则可以提供更好的产品与服务。&rdquo;(这不是原话,å›
 ä¸ºæˆ‘没有当场笔记,但是"
+"这概括了大意。)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People in the audience afterward told me, &ldquo;He just doesn't get the "
+"point.&rdquo; But is that so? Which point did he not get?"
+msgstr ""
+"演说结束后,在座的某听众对我说&ldquo;他æ 
¹æœ¬æ²¡æåˆ°é‡ç‚¹ã€‚&rdquo;是吗?他还需要"
+"哪个重点?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"He did not miss the point of the Open Source movement.  That movement does "
+"not say users should have freedom, only that allowing more people to look at "
+"the source code and help improve it makes for faster and better "
+"development.  The executive grasped that point completely; unwilling to "
+"carry out that approach in full, users included, he was considering "
+"implementing it partially, within the company."
+msgstr ""
+"他的谈话并没有错失开源运动的重点。开源运动并没有说用户应有自由,只是说让更多"
+"的人研究源码可以使软件开发得更快更好。这位高管完å…
¨é¢†ä¼šåˆ°è¿™ä¸ªé‡ç‚¹ï¼›åªæ˜¯ä»–不愿"
+"全盘履行开源的精神,也不想考虑用户,只是想在公司内
部部分履行开源精神。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The point that he missed is the point that &ldquo;open source&rdquo; was "
+"designed not to raise: the point that users <em>deserve</em> freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"他错失的重点是&ldquo;开源&rdquo;的初衷所要避å…
çš„:用户<em>应得的</em>自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Spreading the idea of freedom is a big job&mdash;it needs your help.  That's "
+"why we stick to the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; in the GNU Project, so "
+"we can help do that job.  If you feel that freedom and community are "
+"important for their own sake&mdash;not just for the convenience they "
+"bring&mdash;please join us in using the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"散播自由权益的理念是艰巨的事业&mdash;它需要你
的帮助。那也是我们坚持为GNU工程"
+"使用&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;这一措辞的缘故
,它有助于完成这个事业。如果你感到自"
+"由权益与社区本身的重要性&mdash;不只为图它带来的便利&mdash;请åŠ
 å…¥æˆ‘们一起使用"
+"&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;这个措辞。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
+"management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/"
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> "
+"says that a considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software "
+"should be free.  This was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers "
+"on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an "
+"ethical issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Lakhani和Wolf在<a href=\"http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-";
+"management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/"
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">关于自由软件开发者
之动机的论文</a>中说,相当一部分开发者的"
+"动机是认为软件应该是自由的。而这个结果还是基于他们的调查是针对在SourceForge上"
+"的开发者
,而那是一个并不支持自由软件的道德观点的网站。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本问发表于<a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";
+"\"><cite>自由软件,自由社会:Richard M. 
Stallman选集</cite></a>。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">QPL,Q Public 
License的简称。它是一个非copyleft的自由软"
+"件许可证,和GNU QPL不兼容。</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会(FSF)&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。请将无效链接,å…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文,请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>: Canyon Tseng <address@hidden><br></br>\n"
+"<b>审校</b>: 刘昭宏 <address@hidden><br></br>\n"
+"<b>翻译团队</b>:<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>,2018。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新:"



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