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www/education po/edu-schools.translist edu-scho...


From: GNUN
Subject: www/education po/edu-schools.translist edu-scho...
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2017 08:28:40 -0400 (EDT)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     17/10/04 08:28:40

Modified files:
        education/po   : edu-schools.translist 
Added files:
        education      : edu-schools.zh-cn.html 
        education/po   : edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/edu-schools.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-schools.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/edu-schools.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-schools.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- po/edu-schools.translist    22 May 2015 06:06:53 -0000      1.18
+++ po/edu-schools.translist    4 Oct 2017 12:28:40 -0000       1.19
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 
href="/education/edu-schools.ta.html">தமிழ்</a>&nbsp;[ta]</span> 
&nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/education/edu-schools.uk.html">українська</a>&nbsp;[uk]</span> 
&nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="uz" hreflang="uz" 
href="/education/edu-schools.uz.html">Oʻzbekcha</a>&nbsp;[uz]</span> &nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/education/edu-schools.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</span> 
&nbsp;
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/education/edu-schools.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -51,4 +52,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 
href="/education/edu-schools.ta.html" title="தமிழ்" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/education/edu-schools.uk.html" title="українська" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" 
href="/education/edu-schools.uz.html" title="Oʻzbekcha" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/education/edu-schools.zh-cn.html" title="简体中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: edu-schools.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: edu-schools.zh-cn.html
diff -N edu-schools.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ edu-schools.zh-cn.html      4 Oct 2017 12:28:39 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/education/edu-schools.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>为什么在学校中只应使用自由软件 - GNU工程 - 
自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/education/po/edu-schools.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/education/education-menu.zh-cn.html" -->
+<p class="edu-breadcrumb">
+<a href="/education/education.html">教育</a> &rarr; <a
+href="/education/education.html#indepth">深入讨论</a> &rarr; 
为什么在学校中只应使用自由软件</p>
+
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" -->
+<!--#else -->
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="no" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<h2>为什么在学校中只应使用自由软件</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> 著</p>
+
+<p>教育活动,包括从幼儿园到大学的各级学æ 
¡ï¼Œæœ‰é“德职责<a 
href="/education/education.html">只教授自由软件。</a></p>
+
+<p>所有计算机用户都应该<a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">坚持使用自由软件</a>:它赋予用户控制å
…¶è®¡ç®—的自由&mdash;专属软件,执行的是其所有者或开发者
的意愿,而不是å…
¶ç”¨æˆ·çš„意愿。自由软件还赋予用户互相合作的自由,这就是诚信的生活。这些道理同æ
 ·é€‚用于学æ 
¡ã€‚不过,本文的目的是展示特别针对教育的一些道理。</p>
+
+<p>自由软件可以为学校省钱,但这只是次要的好处。因
为学校和其他用户一æ 
·ï¼Œæœ‰è‡ªç”±å¤åˆ¶å’Œé‡æ–°å‘布自由软件,所以可以省钱;一个学æ
 ¡å¯ä»¥ç»™å…¶ä»–学校软件拷贝,这样所有学æ 
¡çš„计算机都可以安装自由软件而不必因此付费。</p>
+
+<p>这个好处有益,但是我们绝不能将之列为首位,因
为和利益攸关的道德因素比较起来,省钱太肤浅。让学æ 
¡ä½¿ç”¨è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶å¹¶ä¸æ˜¯è®©å­¦æ 
¡çš„教育&ldquo;好一点&rdquo;:这是好教育和坏教育的区别。我们来深å
…¥æŽ¢è®¨ä¸€ä¸‹è¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>学校å…
·æœ‰ç¤¾ä¼šä½¿å‘½ï¼šæ•™è‚²å­¦ç”Ÿæˆä¸ºå¼ºå¤§ã€æœ‰èƒ½åŠ›ã€ç‹¬ç«‹ã€åˆä½œå’Œè‡ªç”±çš„社会å
…¬æ°‘。学校应该推动自由软件的使用,正如学æ 
¡æŽ¨åŠ¨å¯¹è¯å’ŒæŠ•ç¥¨ä¸€æ 
·ã€‚教育学生使用自由软件就是培育能够生活在自由数字社会的å
…¬æ°‘。这样就可以帮助整个社会避免为超
级企业集团所主导。</p>
+
+<p>反过来,教授非自由软件就是在培育依赖性,这和学æ 
¡çš„社会使命背道而驰。学校绝不应该这么做。</p>
+
+<p>归根结底,为什么专属软件的开发者会为学æ 
¡æä¾›éžè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶çš„免费拷贝<a
+href="#note1">(1)</a>?因为他们企图<em>利用</em>学校来培育对å…
¶äº§å“çš„依赖性,正如烟草公司向学生发放免费香烟一样<a
+href="#note2">(2)</a>?一旦学生毕业,他们就不会再得到å…
è´¹æ‹·è´ï¼Œä»–们的雇主也不会。一旦有了依赖性,你
就会付钱,而且升级换代也会很贵。</p>
+
+<p>自由软件允许学生学习
软件如何工作。一些有编程天赋的学生,在他们的少年时代,渴求学ä¹
 ä¸€åˆ‡å…
³äºŽè®¡ç®—机和软件的知识。他们有强烈的好奇心,想要阅
读他们所用软件的源代码。</p>
+
+<p>专属软件拒绝了他们对知识的渴求:它说,&ldquo;这些知识是秘密&mdash;å­¦ä¹
 æ˜¯ç¦æ­¢çš„!&rdquo;专属软件是教育精神的敌人,所以学æ 
¡ä¸åº”该容忍专属软件,除非是作为逆向工程的对象。</p>
+
+<p>自由软件鼓励人们学习
。自由软件社区拒绝&ldquo;技术的祭司<sup><a
+href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>&rdquo;,拒绝让公众保持对技术的无
知;我们鼓励人们,无论年龄和处境,学习软件源代ç 
ä»¥äº†è§£ä»–们想知道的知识。</p>
+
+<p>使用自由软件的学æ 
¡ä½¿æœ‰å¤©èµ‹çš„学生得到发展。有天赋的学生是如何成为优秀的程序员的呢?他们需要é˜
…读和理解真正的应用程序。要写出优雅、清晰的代码,你
就要阅读大量的代码和编写大量的代码。只有自由软件才å…
è®¸è¿™æ ·åšã€‚</p>
+
+<p>如何为大型的项目编写代码?你
要通过为已有的大型项目编写大量的更改来学习
。自由软件支持你这样做;专属软件禁止你这样做。学习
能够为学生提供掌握编程技艺的机会,只要学æ 
¡æ•™æŽˆçš„是自由软件。</p>
+
+<p>学校使用自由软件的最深层原因是道德教育。我们期待
学校教授基本的事实和实用的技术,但这些只是学æ 
¡çš„部分功能。学校最基本的任务是培育良好的社会公民,å…
¶ä¸­åŒ…括帮助他人的习
惯。在计算机领域,这意味着教授人们分享软件。学æ 
¡ï¼Œä»Žå¹¼å„¿å›­å¼€å§‹ï¼Œå°±åº”该教育学生,&ldquo;如果你
带软件到学校来,你必须和å…
¶ä»–学生分享。如果有人想学,你必须在班里展示源代ç 
ã€‚所以带非自由软件到课堂是不被å…
è®¸çš„,除非是为了逆向工程。&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>当然,学校必须实践其教育:学æ 
¡åº”该只使用自由软件(除非是为了逆向工程),并且和学生分享带源ç
 çš„软件拷贝,允许学生复制、带回家和再发布。</p>
+
+<p>教育学生使用自由软件和参与自由软件社区是实实在在的å
…¬æ°‘课。它也教育学生公共服务的å…
¸èŒƒã€è€Œä¸æ˜¯ä¼ä¸šå·¨å¤´çš„角色。各级学æ 
¡éƒ½åº”该使用自由软件。</p>
+
+<p>如果你和学校有关&mdash;你是学生、教师、雇员、管理者
、资助者或是父母&mdash;你有义务为学校开展活动,让学æ 
¡ä½¿ç”¨è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ã€‚如果个人力量无法实现该目标,请在社区å…
¬å¼€æå‡ºè¿™ä¸ªç›®æ ‡ï¼›è¿™æ ·ä¼šè®©æ›´å¤šçš„人知晓这个目æ 
‡å¹¶ä¸”找到活动的志同道合者。</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><cite><a id="note1"></a>警告:接受这种待遇的学æ 
¡å¯èƒ½ä¼šå‘现后续的升级相当昂贵。</cite></li>
+
+<li><cite><a id="note2"></a>RJ Reynolds烟草å…
¬å¸ç”±äºŽåœ¨å„¿ç«¥å‚与的活动中发放å…
è´¹é¦™çƒŸè€Œè¢«å¤„以1千5百万美元的罚款。参看<a
+href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm";>
+http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>。</cite></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<h3>译注</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="TransNote1">priesthood of
+technology,技术的祭司。祭司是一种宗教的活动,以复杂繁琐的程序为特点,对大众保持神秘。</li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU 
的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过 <a
+href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a> 
联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议,请发送邮件到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+若您想翻译本文,请参看<a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>获取有å…
³åè°ƒå’Œæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的相关事项。</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>授权。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译团队</b>:<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>,2017。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新:
+
+$Date: 2017/10/04 12:28:39 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N po/edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/edu-schools.zh-cn-en.html        4 Oct 2017 12:28:40 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<title>Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/education/po/edu-schools.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/education/education-menu.html" -->
+<p class="edu-breadcrumb">
+<a href="/education/education.html">Education</a> &rarr;
+<a href="/education/education.html#indepth">In Depth</a> &rarr;
+Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software</p>
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" --><!--#else -->
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="no" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<h2>Why Schools Should Exclusively Use Free Software</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>Educational activities, including schools of all levels from
+kindergarten to university, have a moral duty
+to <a href="/education/education.html">teach only free
+software.</a></p>
+
+<p>All computer users ought to 
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+insist on free software</a>: it gives users
+the freedom to control their own computers&mdash;with proprietary
+software, the program does what its owner or developer wants it to do,
+not what the user wants it to do.  Free software also gives users the
+freedom to cooperate with each other, to lead an upright life.  These
+reasons apply to schools as they do to everyone.  However, the purpose
+of this article is to present the additional reasons that apply
+specifically to education.</p>
+
+<p>Free software can save schools money, but this is a secondary
+benefit.  Savings are possible because free software gives schools,
+like other users, the freedom to copy and redistribute the software;
+the school system can give a copy to every school, and each school can
+install the program in all its computers, with no obligation to pay
+for doing so.</p>
+
+<p>This benefit is useful, but we firmly refuse to give it first place,
+because it is shallow compared to the important ethical issues at
+stake.  Moving schools to free software is more than a way to make
+education a little &ldquo;better&rdquo;: it is a matter of doing good
+education instead of bad education.  So let's consider the deeper
+issues.</p>
+
+<p>Schools have a social mission: to teach students to be citizens of
+a strong, capable, independent, cooperating and free society.  They
+should promote the use of free software just as they promote
+conservation and voting.  By teaching students free software, they can
+graduate citizens ready to live in a free digital society.  This will
+help society as a whole escape from being dominated by
+megacorporations.</p>
+
+<p>In contrast, to teach a nonfree program is implanting dependence,
+which goes counter to the schools' social mission.  Schools should
+never do this.</p>
+
+<p>Why, after all, do some proprietary software developers offer
+gratis copies<a href="#note1">(1)</a> of their nonfree programs to
+schools?  Because they want to <em>use</em> the schools to implant
+dependence on their products, like tobacco companies distributing
+gratis cigarettes to school children<a href="#note2">(2)</a>.  They
+will not give gratis copies to these students once they've graduated,
+nor to the companies that they go to work for.  Once you're dependent,
+you're expected to pay, and future upgrades may be expensive.</p>
+
+<p>Free software permits students to learn how software works.  Some
+students, natural-born programmers, on reaching their teens yearn to
+learn everything there is to know about their computer and its
+software.  They are intensely curious to read the source code of the
+programs that they use every day.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software rejects their thirst for knowledge: it says,
+&ldquo;The knowledge you want is a secret&mdash;learning is
+forbidden!&rdquo; Proprietary software is the enemy of the spirit of
+education, so it should not be tolerated in a school, except as an
+object for reverse engineering.</p>
+
+<p>Free software encourages everyone to learn. The free software
+community rejects the &ldquo;priesthood of technology&rdquo;, which
+keeps the general public in ignorance of how technology works; we
+encourage students of any age and situation to read the source code
+and learn as much as they want to know.</p>
+
+<p>Schools that use free software will enable gifted programming
+students to advance.  How do natural-born programmers learn to be good
+programmers?  They need to read and understand real programs that
+people really use.  You learn to write good, clear code by reading
+lots of code and writing lots of code.  Only free software permits
+this.</p>
+
+<p>How do you learn to write code for large programs?  You do that by
+writing lots of changes in existing large programs.  Free Software
+lets you do this; proprietary software forbids this.  Any school can
+offer its students the chance to master the craft of programming, but
+only if it is a free software school.</p>
+
+<p>The deepest reason for using free software in schools is for moral
+education. We expect schools to teach students basic facts and useful
+skills, but that is only part of their job. The most fundamental task
+of schools is to teach good citizenship, including the habit of
+helping others. In the area of computing, this means teaching people
+to share software.  Schools, starting from nursery school, should tell
+their students, &ldquo;If you bring software to school, you must share
+it with the other students.  You must show the source code to the
+class, in case someone wants to learn.  Therefore bringing nonfree
+software to class is not permitted, unless it is for
+reverse-engineering work.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Of course, the school must practice what it preaches: it should
+bring only free software to class (except objects for
+reverse-engineering), and share copies including source code with the
+students so they can copy it, take it home, and redistribute it
+further.</p>
+
+<p>Teaching the students to use free software, and to participate in
+the free software community, is a hands-on civics lesson.  It also
+teaches students the role model of public service rather than that of
+tycoons.  All levels of school should use free software.</p>
+
+<p>If you have a relationship with a school &mdash;if you are a
+student, a teacher, an employee, an administrator, a donor, or a
+parent&mdash; it's your responsibility to campaign for the school to
+migrate to free software.  If a private request doesn't achieve the
+goal, raise the issue publicly in those communities; that is the way
+to make more people aware of the issue and find allies for the
+campaign.</p>
+
+<ol>
+<li><cite><a id="note1"></a>Warning: a school that accepts such an
+offer may find subsequent upgrades rather expensive.</cite></li>
+
+<li><cite><a id="note2"></a>RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company was
+fined $15m in 2002 for handing out free samples of cigarettes at
+events attended by children.  See 
+<a 
href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm";>
+http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite></li>
+</ol>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2003, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2017/10/04 12:28:40 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>



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