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www people/people.de.html proprietary/proprieta...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www people/people.de.html proprietary/proprieta... |
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Date: |
Wed, 21 Sep 2016 04:28:27 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/09/21 04:28:26
Modified files:
people : people.de.html
proprietary : proprietary-surveillance.de.html
proprietary-tyrants.de.html
proprietary/po : proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html
Added files:
people/po : people.de-diff.html
proprietary/po : proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/people/people.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.102&r2=1.103
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/people/po/people.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: people/people.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/people/people.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.102
retrieving revision 1.103
diff -u -b -r1.102 -r1.103
--- people/people.de.html 20 Jun 2016 02:30:19 -0000 1.102
+++ people/people.de.html 21 Sep 2016 04:28:26 -0000 1.103
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/people/people.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/people/po/people.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/people/po/people.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/people/people.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/people/po/people.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2016-07-23" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/people/people.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/people/po/people.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Wer ist wer?</h2>
<p>Hier sind einige Mitwirkende aufgeführt, die zu <b>GNU</b> beigetragen
@@ -2049,7 +2055,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualisierung:
-$Date: 2016/06/20 02:30:19 $
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html 20 Jun 2016 02:30:20
-0000 1.14
+++ proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html 21 Sep 2016 04:28:26
-0000 1.15
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2016-07-23" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Proprietäre Ãberwachung </h2>
<p><a href="/proprietary/">Weitere Beispiele proprietärer
Schadsoftware</a></p>
@@ -1248,7 +1254,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualisierung:
-$Date: 2016/06/20 02:30:20 $
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.de.html 6 May 2016 11:30:50 -0000
1.7
+++ proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.de.html 21 Sep 2016 04:28:26 -0000
1.8
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.en.html"
-->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2016-07-23" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Proprietäre Tyrannen</h2>
<a href="/proprietary/">Weitere Beispiele proprietärer Schadsoftware</a>
@@ -154,7 +160,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualisierung:
-$Date: 2016/05/06 11:30:50 $
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html 14 Jun 2015 13:28:53
-0000 1.1
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.de-diff.html 21 Sep 2016 04:28:26
-0000 1.2
@@ -11,14 +11,20 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.79</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Proprietary Tyrants - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-tyrants.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2>Proprietary Tyrants</h2>
-<a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">Other examples of proprietary
malware</a>
+<a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">Other examples of proprietary
malware</a>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Nonfree (proprietary) software is
very often malware (designed to
+mistreat the user). Nonfree software is controlled by its developers,
+which puts them in a position of power over the users; <a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">that is the
+basic injustice</a>. The developers often exercise that power to the
+detriment of the users they ought to serve.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>A <em>tyrant</em> device is one that refuses to allow
users to
install a different operating system or a modified operating
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@
<li>
<p>The Apple iThings are tyrant devices. There is a port of Android
to the iThings, but installing it
-requires <a href="http://www.idroidproject.org/wiki/Status"> finding a
+requires <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721065208/http://www.idroidproject.org/wiki/Status">
finding a
bug or “exploit”</a> to make it possible to install a
different system.
</p>
@@ -67,6 +73,18 @@
</p>
</li>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li>
+<p>Microsoft accidentally left a way for users to install GNU/Linux
+on Windows RT tablets, but now it has <a
+href="http://www.securitynewspaper.com/2016/07/15/microsoft-silently-kills-dev-backdoor-boots-linux-locked-windows-rt-slabs/">
+“fixed” the “error”</a>. Those arrogant
+bastards call this “protecting” the users. The article
+talks of installing “Linux”, but the context shows it is
+really <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> that users
+install.
+</p>
+</li></em></ins></span>
+
</ul>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -101,7 +119,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -116,17 +134,17 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2014</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2015</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/06/14 13:28:53 $
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: people/po/people.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: people/po/people.de-diff.html
diff -N people/po/people.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ people/po/people.de-diff.html 21 Sep 2016 04:28:26 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2099 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/people/people.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>GNU's Who - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/people/po/people.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>GNU's Who</h2>
+
+<p>Here is an alphabetical list of some GNU
+contributors. Contributors are also noted on our <a
+href="/people/webmeisters.html">webmasters</a> and <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html#TranslationsUnderway">
+translators of www.gnu.org</a> pages. </p>
+
+<p>If you have developed a major GNU package or have done a lot
+of work for the GNU Project in another way, we would like to
+list you also. Please ask <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+to add you (Note that you are responsible for maintaining your own
+entry up-to-date, and should notify the webmasters of any change; dead
+links will be eliminated.) </p>
+
+<p>Note that our policy is not to make links to pages or sites
+whose subject is proprietary software, and we also avoid
+making links to pages or sites that are sales-oriented in
+their tone or focus. Please keep this in mind when writing
+your entry. </p>
+
+<p>If you are looking in particular for someone to give a speech
+or participate in an event to represent the GNU Project or the
+free software movement, please <a
+href="/people/speakers.html">see our speaker page</a>. </p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><a href="#skipalphalist">Skip over this list</a></p>
+
+<ul class="inline-list">
+<li>Name begins with: </li>
+<li><a href="#a">A</a></li>
+<li><a href="#b">B</a></li>
+<li><a href="#c">C</a></li>
+<li><a href="#d">D</a></li>
+<li><a href="#e">E</a></li>
+<li><a href="#f">F</a></li>
+<li><a href="#g">G</a></li>
+<li><a href="#h">H</a></li>
+<li><a href="#i">I</a></li>
+<li><a href="#j">J</a></li>
+<li><a href="#k">K</a></li>
+<li><a href="#l">L</a></li>
+<li><a href="#m">M</a></li>
+<li><a href="#n">N</a></li>
+<li><a href="#o">O</a></li>
+<li><a href="#p">P</a></li>
+<li>Q</li>
+<li><a href="#r">R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#s">S</a></li>
+<li><a href="#t">T</a></li>
+<li>U</li>
+<li>V</li>
+<li><a href="#w">W</a></li>
+<li>X</li>
+<li><a href="#y">Y</a></li>
+<li><a href="#z">Z</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p id="skipalphalist">If you would like your name to appear on
+this list, we have reserved a space for you, when you start
+writing <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
software</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="a">A</h3>
+
+<h4>Adam Fedor <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>
+Was the maintainer of the GNUstep project. He's written
+and debugged many of the classes in GNUstep as well as a
+simple DPS emulator for X.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Andrew Hughes <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>Is co-maintainer of <a href="/software/classpath">GNU
Classpath</a>
+and also handles merges of the GNU Classpath code into the GCJ component
+of <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org">GCC</a>. He has been a user of
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+since 1998.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://adamspiers.org/">Adam
Spiers</a></h4>
+<p>Is co-maintainer of <a href="/s/stow/">GNU Stow</a>
+and occasional contributor to other GNU software such as <a
+href="http://www.lilypond.org/">GNU LilyPond</a> and <a
+href="http://orgmode.org/">Org-Mode</a>. He has used GNU software for
+over half his life, especially <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+and <a href="/s/emacs/">GNU Emacs</a>.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://codeartnow.com">Adrienne G. Thompson</a>
<<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+<p>Is fascinated by robot vision. She is the sole author of <a
+href="/software/c-graph/">GNU C-Graph</a>, the
+product of an imagined nexus between the movie "Blade Runner" and
+her 1983 BSc. Electrical Engineering Honours dissertation "Interactive
+Computer Package Demonstrating: Sampling Convolution and the FFT".</p>
+<p>Adrienne lives in Jamaica.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="https://www.lrde.epita.fr/wiki/User:Akim">Akim
+Demaille</a></h4>
+
+<p>Akim maintained GNU <a href="/software/a2ps/">a2ps</a>
and <a
+href="/software/autoconf/">Autoconf</a>, contributed to <a
+href="/software/automake/">Automake</a>, and maintains <a
+href="/software/bison/">Bison</a>. He is a teacher/researcher at
<a
+href="https://www.lrde.epita.fr/wiki/Main_Page">LRDE</a>, the <a
+href="https://www.epita.fr">EPITA</a> R&D laboratory. He is
+working on <a href="https://www.lrde.epita.fr/wiki/Vcsn">Vcsn</a>,
a
+platform dedicated to automata and rational expressions, composed of
+an efficient C++ library, a Python interface, and a graphical user
+interface on top of IPython.</p>
+
+<h4>Al Davis</h4>
+
+<p>Is the principal author and maintainer of GnuCap, the
+Gnu Circuit Analysis Package. He is a professor of
+electrical engineering at Idaho State University (<a
+href="http://www.isu.edu/">http://www.isu.edu/</a>)
+with research in analog and mixed signal design and
+simulation. </p>
+
+<h4>Aleksandar Samardzic
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of the <a
+href="/software/libmatheval/">GNU
+libmatheval</a> library. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://gama.fsv.cvut.cz/~cepek/">Ales
Cepek</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the co-author and maintainer of the C++ package <a
+href="/software/gama/">GNU
+GaMa</a> for adjustment of geodetic networks. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Alessandro Rubini
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of GNU barcode. He develops free
+software for a living and advocates free ("libero")
+software for a mission. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/">Alexandre
Oliva</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is one of the maintainers of <a
+href="/software/libtool/">GNU
+libtool</a>, <a
+href="/software/autoconf/autoconf.html">GNU
+Autoconf</a>, and the creator of GNU Ad HoC and GNU
+CVS Utilities. He regularly contributes to many other
+GNU and non-GNU Free Software projects such as Kaffe,
+Amanda and Samba. As a researcher, he has created
+Guarana, a reflective architecture implemented as an
+extension of Kaffe. </p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://alexm.org/">Alex Muntada</a>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Started as a member of the <a
+href="/help/evaluation.html">GNU Evaluation Team</a>,
+became the translator into Catalan of the Georg's <a
+href="/brave-gnu-world/"> Brave GNU
+World</a> and member of the Catalan translation team
+in early 2003, eventually becoming the coordinator
+until early 2007. For some time after late 2004, he was also the GNU
+Translations Manager, coordinating the efforts of
+the several <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html#TranslationsUnderway">teams
+working on the translation of the GNU web site</a>,
+after Masayuki Hatta. </p>
+
+<h4>Alex Sassmannshausen</h4>
+
+<p>Is the maintainer of GNU Glean. He is primarily interested in the
+relation of Free Software to humanity's ongoing efforts âto emerge from
+its self-incurred immaturityâ.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.wfu.edu/~cottrell/">Allin
Cottrell</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/gretl/gretl.html">gretl</a>. He is
+Professor of Economics at Wake Forest University,
+North Carolina. </p>
+
+<h4>Anand Babu <<a
href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/freeipmi/">FreeIPMI</a>.
+He is a member of the FSF-India working group,
+currently leads the Free Software division of
+California Digital as CTO and built the world's second
+fastest Super Computer, code named "Thunder", entirely
+out of Free Software. Occasionally, he gives speeches
+about Free Software. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="https://www.math.u-bordeaux.fr/~aenge/">Andreas
Enge</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a co-author and the maintainer of
+<a href="/software/mpc/">GNU MPC</a>,
+a C library for the arithmetic of complex numbers with arbitrarily high
+precision and correct rounding of the result.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Andreas Grünbacher</h4>
+
+<p>Is a co-maintainer of GNU patch. He also is the primary author of
<a
+href="http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt">quilt</a> (a utility
for
+managing stacks of patches), and a contributor to the Linux kernel.</p>
+
+<h4>Andrew Makhorin</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/glpk/glpk.html">GLPK</a> (GNU Linear
+Programming Kit), Russia. </p>
+
+<h4>Anto Cvitić</h4>
+
+<p>Is an <a
href="http://member.fsf.org/join?referrer=3569">Associate
+Member</a> of the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a> and
maintainer of
+<a href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Ggradebook">ggradebook</a>,
which
+is a student grade tracking program.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.di.unipi.it/~cisterni/">Antonio
Cisternino</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of GNU <a
+href="/software/sxml/sxml.html">SXML</a>, the easiest
+way to implement a markup language. He is active in
+the development of many Free Software programs. </p>
+
+<h4>Antonio Diaz</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of the <a
+href="/software/ocrad/">Ocrad</a>
+project. </p>
+
+<h4>Anuradha Ratnaweera</h4>
+
+<p>Is an engineering undergraduate student living in Sri
+Lanka. He is the author and maintainer of the <a
+href="/software/gfe/gfe.html">GNU
+Font Editor (GFE)</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Arnold Robbins
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Maintains GNU awk (gawk) and is the author of its
+manual, The GNU Awk User's Guide. He has written a
+series of articles on GNU for Linux Journal.<br /> He
+has a wife and three children, and, among other
+things, is an amateur Talmudist, both Babylonian and
+Jerusalem. He is now living happily in Israel,
+although he still has the Georgia license plate
+GNUAWK. </p>
+
+<h4>Arthur Schwarz
+<a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>Maintainer for the GNU Slip package, an API substitute for the C++ STL
+list/queue library.</p>
+
+<h4>
+Assaf Gordon
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/datamash/">GNU
+Datamash</a>. He has additionally contributed to other
+GNU projects, such as Coreutils.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/">Aubrey
Jaffer</a></h4>
+
+<p>Wrote or organized (and maintains) the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/JACAL.html">JACAL</a>
+Symbolic Mathematics System, the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/SLIB.html">SLIB</a>
+Portable Scheme Library, the TeXinfo and HTML versions
+of the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/Scheme.html">Revised
+Reports on the Algorithmic Language Scheme</a>, the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/SCM.html">SCM</a>
+Scheme Implementation, the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/SIMSYNCH.html">SIMSYNCH</a>
+Digital Logic Simulation System, the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/infobar/index.html">INFOBAR</a>
+change-bar annotater for INFO files, and the <a
+href="http://swissnet.ai.mit.edu/~jaffer/infobar/index.html">HITCH</a>
+change annotater for HTML files. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Aymeric Moizard
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>He is a <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+fan since the early days and he is
+the author of the <a
+href="/software/osip/osip.html">GNU oSIP library</a>.
+He is working in the IP telecom area in the hope that
+one day everybody will unplug their 50 years old
+traditional phone for ever. </p>
+
+<h3 id="b">B</h3>
+
+<h4>
+Baishampayan Ghose
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>He is a <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+enthusiast from India. He is a member of the Free Software
+Foundation of India working committee. He is a full time
+slacker and hacks on Python when he has some time. He is
+also a very enthusisastic speaker at numerous Free Software
+Conferences. He was a contributor to GNU Freetalk, the
+Free Jabber client. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://barry.warsaw.us">Barry
Warsaw</a></h4>
+<p>Has been writing free software since the early 1980s, and was an early
+contributor to GNU Emacs. Currently is project leader for <a
href="http://www.list.org">GNU Mailman</a>, the GNU mailing list
manager.</p>
+
+<h4>Ben Elliston</h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of the config.{guess,sub} scripts. Ben lives in
+Canberra, Australia.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://benpfaff.org">Ben Pfaff</a></h4>
+<p>Is the author of <a
+href="http://www.msu.edu/~pfaffben/avl/index.html">GNU
+libavl</a>, which he continues to develop and
+maintain. He is also the author of <a
+href="/software/pspp/">GNU
+PSPP</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://www.arklinux.org/">
+Bernhard "Bero"Rosenkränzer</a> bero AT
+arklinux DOT org
+</h4>
+<p>Is the present maintainer of GNU grep, and a contributor to many
+Free Software projects. </p>
+
+<h4>Bob Glickstein</h4>
+
+<p>Is a long-time intermittent contributor to <a
+href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a> and
+other GNU software. He's the author of <a
+href="/software/stow/stow.html">GNU Stow</a> and the
+'sregex' Emacs Lisp package. He's also written other
+free software, notably Latte, and a handful
+of other packages available from his web site at <a
+href="http://www.zanshin.com/~bobg/">http://www.zanshin.com/~bobg/</a>
+</p>
+
+<h4>Bradley M. Kuhn (aka bkuhn)</h4>
+<p>Began working with the Free Software Foundation and
+the GNU project as a volunteer in the mid-1990s. In
+February 2001, he was hired full-time. He served as
+Executive Director of the FSF until 2005, and is now
+the CTO at the Software Freedom Law Center. Mr. Kuhn
+contributes to GNU as a volunteer by hacking on
+various Free Software programs and Free Documentation.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://brandon.invergo.net/">Brandon
Invergo</a></h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of the
+<a href="/software/gsrc/">GNU Source Release Collection (GSRC)</a>
and
+<a href="/software/pyconfigure/">GNU pyconfigure</a>. He is also a
member of
+the <a href="/help/evaluation.html">GNU Evaluation Team</a> and
+the <a href="/contact/gnu-advisory.html">GNU Advisory
Committee</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Brett Smith <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p><img src="/graphics/fsfsmall.png" alt="Free Software Foundation
Staff" /></p>
+<p>Wore many hats at the FSF beginning in 2002, including
+GNU Chief Webmaster, intern, and Shipping Manager, and
+licensing guru at the <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/">FSF Compliance
+Lab</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Brian J. Fox</h4>
+<p>Has been involved with the FSF since 1986. He is the
+author of the GNU shell BASH, the GNU Texinfo compiler
+Makeinfo and the viewer Info, the GNU Readline
+Library, GNU Finger, parts of GDB and <a
+href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a>, and
+other lesser projects.</p>
+
+<h4>Brian Gough</h4>
+<p>Is one of the developers of the <a
+href="/software/gsl/">GNU Scientific
+Library</a> and its current maintainer. He lives in the United
Kingdom.</p>
+
+<h4>Brigham Keys, Esq. <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>Volunteer maintainer for GNU GLeem as of September 2015. Is deeply
+fascinated with 3D graphics and data visualization. Is a deep free
+software advocate and loves to play video games and leads the <a
+href="http://www.dmux.me">DMUX</a> project to try to create a better
freedom
+respecting environment for gamers.</p>
+
+<h4 id="oitofelix">
+<a href="http://oitofelix.freeshell.org/">Bruno Félix Rezende
Ribeiro</a>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/software/ccd2cue/">GNU ccd2cue
maintainer</a></li>
+ <li><a
href="https://savannah.gnu.org/project/memberlist.php?group=administration">GNU
Savannah hacker</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/people/webmeisters.html#oitofelix">GNU
webmaster</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/">GNU audio and video
maintainer</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/software/repo-criteria.html#oitofelix">GNU ethical
repository criteria maintainer</a></li>
+ <li><a
href="/server/standards/translations/pt-br/updates.html#table-contrib-ranking">GNU
web translation team coordinator (Brazilian Portuguese)</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="c">C</h3>
+
+<h4>Carlo Wood</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of <!-- 404 <a
+href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~carlo17/which/"> -->GNU
+which<!-- </a> -->, <a
+href="http://libcwd.sourceforge.net/">libcwd</a>, <a
+href="http://ircu.sourceforge.net/">ircu</a> and prototype
+Makefiles, and has been the maintainer of <a
+href="/software/indent/">GNU
+indent</a>. Carlo is best known for his
+improvements to IRC (<a
+href="http://www.user-com.undernet.org/documents/unetfaq2.php#3-3">starting</a>
+with <a href="http://www.undernet.org">undernet</a>)
+but contributed to numerous other projects. For the
+past few years he worked mostly on <a
+href="http://libcw.sourceforge.net/">libcw</a>, an
+ambitious C++ project existing of building blocks for
+heavy-duty networking applications. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Chad C. Walstrom
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>Is the current maintainer of <a
+href="/software/gnats/">GNU
+GNATS</a>. After using GNATS for years in his various
+sysadmin and programming jobs, he felt it was time to
+give back to the community. In college, he was
+addicted to emacs, but was converted to the dark side,
+vim, in his professional career. Don't hold it
+against him. </p>
+
+<h4>Charles Henry Schoonover</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/webpublish/">GNU WebPublish</a>. He is
+also a libertarian political activist who has
+demonstrated for legalizing marijuana by smoking a
+joint at a Harlingen, Texas city coucil meeting and
+also by running for Congress. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Chet Ramey
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the Bash maintainer and is a networks engineer who
+works for Case Western Reserve University in
+Cleveland, Ohio USA. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.asty.org">Chris
Allegretta</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of the <a
+href="/software/nano/">GNU Nano</a> text editor. </p>
+
+
+<h4>Chris Simon</h4>
+
+<p>Is a maintainer of
+<a href="/software/miscfiles/">GNU Miscfiles</a>. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://grothoff.org/christian/">Christian
Grothoff</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the principal author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/gnunet/">GNUnet</a>,
+<a href="/software/libextractor/">libextractor</a>
+and <a href="/software/libmicrohttpd/">GNU
+libmicrohttpd</a>. He is currently an Emmy Noether Research Group leader
+at TU Munich.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.ufoot.org">Christian
Mauduit</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/liquidwar6/">Liquid War 6</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Christopher Gutteridge
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the main author of GNU EPrints (well, version 2,
+anyway). He can be found working as a System
+Programmer, Webmaster, Unix Admin, Teaching Support
+and EPrints developer and support (often all at once)
+at the <a
+href="http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/">Department of
+Electronics and Computer Science</a> at the University
+of Southampton. Chris denies that the motivation
+behind GNU EPrints was that otherwise his greatest
+contribution to Free Software would be the <a
+href="http://www.gimp.org/">GIMP</a> coffee stain
+script-fu effect. </p>
+
+<h4>
+Claude Simon
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Author and maintainer of <a
+href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Mll2html">Mll2html</a>, a
program to
+reformat an ASCII file. Also author of the
+<!-- 404 Not Found 2016-05-02: "http://www.epeios.org/"; -->Epeios
project.</p>
+
+<h4>
+Claudio Fontana
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the original author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/sourceinstall/sourceinstall.html">GNU
+Source Installer</a>, and contributes to other Free
+Software projects. </p>
+
+<h4>
+ <a href="http://www.afox.org">Craig Schock</a>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is system architect and co-author for the GnuSpeech
+text-speech-system based on an articulatory tube-model
+synthesiser, and a speech-event form of parameter
+generation. His interests include computer generated
+speech intonation, distributed object systems,computer
+security and web applications. </p>
+
+<h3 id="d">D</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://rdmp.org/dale-mellor/">Dale
Mellor</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/mcron/">GNU
Mcron</a>, a
+traditional cron replacement which also accepts job specifications in Guile
+(Scheme).</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://math.stanford.edu/~bump/">Daniel
Bump</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a comaintainer of <a
+href="/software/gnugo/gnugo.html">GNU Go</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Daniel Valentine</h4>
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of the GNU package
+<a href="/software/combine/">Combine</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Dave Crossland <<a
href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+
+<p>Is a free software activist living in Bournemouth, UK,
+working towards the software freedom of fonts. He has
+delivered several lectures on free software. </p>
+
+
+<h4>David C. Niemi</h4>
+<p>Has a BS in Computer Engineering from the University
+of Illinois. He maintains <a
href="http://code.google.com/p/byte-unixbench/">Unixbench</a>
+and helps maintain <a
+href="/software/mtools/">Mtools</a>. He
+has also contributed patches to the Linux kernel and
+various GNU utilities. He is the lead system
+administrator for the tux.org domain and writes papers
+on related topics. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.rhy0lite.net/">David
Edelsohn</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a member of the GCC steering committee and initiated the GCC
+Runtime Library Exception.</p>
+
+<h4>David MacKenzie</h4>
+
+<p>Wrote or polished many of the GNU core utilities and their
+documentation. He was the principal designer and
+author of Autoconf, and prototyped Automake. He has
+worked for the FSF and Cygnus in the past.
+After creating scalable web server infrastructure for UUNET,
+he is currently at a startup and continues contributing to
+free software from time to time. </p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~hill">
+David R. Hill</a>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is principal and co-author for the GnuSpeech
+text-speech-system based on an articulatory tube-model
+synthesiser, and a speech-event form of parameter
+generation. His interests include speech recognition
+and synthesis (phonology, rhythm, intonation and
+models), speech animation, and AI. </p>
+
+<h4>
+David Pirotte
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><mailto:address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/foliot/">GNU
Foliot</a>.
+He contributes to <a href="/software/guile/">GNU Guile</a>, <a
+href="https://www.nongnu.org/guile-lib/">Guile-Lib</a>, Guile-SQLite,
<a
+href="https://www.nongnu.org/g-wrap/">G-wrap</a>, and <a
+href="https://www.nongnu.org/guile-cairo/">Guile-Cairo</a>. He
co-maintains <a
+href="/software/guile-gnome/">GNU Guile-Gnome</a>, and <a
+href="/software/guile-gnome/clutter/">GNU Guile-Clutter</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+David Sugar
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is one of the authors and principle maintainer of <a
+href="/software/commoncpp/">GNU Common C++</a>,
+which is a portable general purpose C++ framework for
+application development. David Sugar also founded the
+<a href="/software/bayonne/bayonne.html">GNU
+Bayonne</a> project and is one of the principle
+founder of OST, a commercial entity that develops and
+promotes free GPL licensed telephony solutions. </p>
+
+<h4>
+ David Thompson
+ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>
+ Web Developer at the FSF.
+ Contributor to <a href="/software/guile">GNU Guile</a>
+ and <a href="/software/guix">GNU Guix</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Debarshi Ray
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Maintains <a href="/software/songanizer">GNU
+Songanizer</a> and
+co-maintains <a href="/software/inetutils">GNU
+Inetutils</a>. He was a past contributor
+to <a href="/software/gnowsys">GNOWSYS</a> and contributes
+to <a href="/software/parted">GNU Parted</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Dennis Clarke
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the sponsor and primary administrator
+of Blastwave.org [unavailable as of Dec 2012].
+The Blastwave project offers the largest free software
+stack to Solaris users worldwide with fifty mirror
+sites including primary mirrors in Germany, China,
+Australia and United States. Blastwave allows users
+to freely package GNU and free software for free usage
+by anyone. Any user may join the project and package
+software or even just experiment with various Solaris
+incantations including OpenSolaris. The project has
+been running continuously since 2002.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://ossguy.com/">Denver
Gingerich</a></h4>
+
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of <a href="/software/wdiff/">wdiff</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a id="sinuhe" href="http://oberon07.com/dee/">David E.
Evans</a> (aka <a
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/sinuhe">Sinuhe</a>)</h4>
+
+<p>David has played an involved part with the <a
+href="/people/past-webmasters.html">Webmasters</a>, including serving
as <a
+href="/people/webmeisters.html">Chief Webmaster</a>, and was
maintainer of <a
+href="/software/rottlog/">GNU Rot[t]log</a>. He continues to focus
his work on
+free documentation, using free software, and participates on <a
+href="https://lists.gnu.org/">GNU Mailing Lists</a> to provide bug
fixes and
+feature additions. David is employed as a technical writer and instructor for
+Guru Labs L. C.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="djdelorie" href="http://www.delorie.com/users/dj/">DJ
Delorie</a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Has been porting GNU software to MS-DOS since around 1989, culminating in
+<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>. Also wrote
+<a href="http://ftp.gnu.org/non-gnu/doschk/">doschk</a>, and
maintains
+<a href="http://www.delorie.com/gnu/">his own GNU web site</a>
with online doc
+and package listings. Currently works for Cygnus porting GNU software to
Windows NT.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="e">E</h3>
+
+<h4>Emmanuel Medernach</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of SpeedX.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Eric Blake <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>Is currently one of the maintainers
+of <a href="/software/m4/m4.html">GNU M4</a> and
+<a href="/software/autoconf/autoconf.html">GNU Autoconf</a>.
+He has additionally contributed to several other GNU
+projects, such as Findutils, Coreutils, Automake, Libtool,
+and Classpath, and maintains ports of several GNU programs
+for Cygwin.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Eric P. Hutchins
+<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/ballandpaddle/">GNU Ball and Paddle</a> and <a
+href="/software/speedx/">GNU SpeedX</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>Eric S. Raymond</h4>
+<p>
+Wrote the VC (version control), GUD (Grand Unified Debugger) and asm
(assembler) modes
+in <a href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a>. He's also
responsible for a lot
+of the header comments in the Emacs Lisp library. He wrote the pic
documentation
+released with groff-1.11.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Eric A. Schulman <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>
+Is a Linux kernel hacker, free software advocate and member of the Free
+Software Foundation. He is the author of GNU DSView, a free replacement for
+the KVM/IP rendering engine.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Evgeny Grin
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is co-maintainer of <a href="/software/libmicrohttpd/">GNU
+libmicrohttpd</a>, and contributes to other GNU projects.
+He has Master's Degree in Physics (Moscow State University)
+and PhD in Telecom. Evgeny lives in Moscow, Russia and
+likes to work in hi-tech projects.</p>
+
+<h3 id="f">F</h3>
+
+<h4>Filippo Rusconi</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a href="http://www.polyxmass.org">GNU
polyxmass</a>.
+This software suite allows users to perform mass spectrometric data simulations
+and analyses for whatever polymer chemistry type and polymer sequence.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://fly.cnuce.cnr.it/">Francesco
Potortì</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of <cite>etags</cite>, which is part of
+<a href="/software/emacs/">Emacs</a>. He contributed
+the 68020 assembler code of
+<a href="/software/gzip/">gzip</a>, ported
<cite>Emacs</cite>
+to the Motorola Delta 68k architecture, wrote some
<cite>Emacs</cite> packages, and
+did various minor things.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Franco Iacomella <yaco (at) gnu.org>
+</h4>
+<p>
+He was an university investigator in Argentina. He was
+involved in multiple GNU subprojects in relation with politics,
+licenses, documentation, translations and education, and
+often spoke at conferences about GNU Project and free software
+movement.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Frank de Lange</h4>
+<p>
+Is a software evaluator for the GNU Project and develops a Gnome/GTK port of
the
+LyX document processor.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Franklin R. Jones
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+(since late 1997) <a href="mailto:address@hidden">webmaster</a>
for gnu.org. A
+long time advocate of GNU things and a general unix sysadmin haque.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="g">G</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://gnuhh.org">Georg C. F.
Greve</a></h4>
+<p>
+Physicist and Free Software advocate. Author of the
+<a href="/brave-gnu-world/">Brave GNU World</a>, speaker for the
+<a href="/">GNU Project</a>, name-giver of the
+<a href="/copyleft/lesser.html">GNU Lesser General Public
License</a> and
+principal author and maintainer of <a
href="/software/xlogmaster/xlogmaster.html">
+The Xlogmaster</a> and some other software projects. Also initiator and
president
+of the <a href="http://fsfe.org">Free Software Foundation
Europe</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.pfeifer.com/gerald/">Gerald
Pfeifer</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is a member of the <a href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a> steering
committee and maintains
+the web pages (and documentation) for GCC. In addition, between 2000 and 2003
+he maintained gnatsweb, a web-based front-end for the
+<a href="/software/gnats/">GNATS</a> bug tracking system.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://gnutopics.wordpress.com/">Germán
Arias</a>
+ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of
+the <a href="/software/fisicalab/">FisicaLab</a>
+project. He also contributes
+with <a href="http://www.gnustep.org">GNUstep</a> project. He
lives in
+Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Besides programming computers, Germán likes
+mathematics, physics and read books.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.scrivano.org/">Giuseppe
Scrivano</a></h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of some GNU packages including <a
href="/software/wget/">wget</a> and
+<a href="/software/gcal/">gcal</a>. During the years he
contributed to
+several other packages
+including <a href="/software/gcc/">GCC</a>, <a
href="/software/gnulib/">gnulib</a>,
+<a href="/software/coreutils/">coreutils</a>, diff,
+<a href="/software/emacs">Emacs</a>. He
+helps managing the Google Summer of Code program for the GNU project.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Gordon Matzigkeit</h4>
+<p>
+Was the principal author of <a href="/software/libtool/libtool.html">GNU
Libtool</a>.
+He is currently working on GNU system integration, with a focus on the
+<a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://heronsperch.blogspot.com/">Gregory
Casamento</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of the GNUstep project. He has been the
+maintainer and principal author of GNU Gorm
+(InterfaceBuilder) for) the past few years and has
+written many classes in gui (AppKit) for the project. He
+sincerely hopes that the project will reach its full
+potential.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Guillaume Morin
+<a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the current <a href="/software/stow/">GNU Stow</a> maintainer.
He is a
+<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/">Savannah</a> contributor and
administrator. He is
+also a <a href="http://debian.org/">Debian</a> developer.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="h">H</h3>
+
+<h4>Han-Wen Nienhuys</h4>
+<p>
+Is one of the main authors of <a
href="http://www.lilypond.org">LilyPond</a>,
+the music typesetter of the GNU Project. He currently is a PhD. student at the
+Computer Science Department of Utrecht University.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Henning Köster</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author of <a href="/software/poc/poc.html">GNU POC</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.abelsson.com">Henrik
Abelsson</a></h4>
+<p>
+Tries to do his part in bringing Free Software to the world by being a
maintainer of
+GNU Messenger. Lives in Linköping, Sweden.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Henrik Sandklef
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/xnee/">Xnee</a>.
+He also advocates the GNU philosophy in Sweden.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.ofset.org">Hilaire L. S.
Fernandes</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author of <a href="/software/dr_geo/dr_geo.html">DrGeo</a>
and DrGenius geometry
+GNU software. He is also a volunteer at the OFSET organization, promoting
free software
+development for education.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Hugo Gayosso</h4>
+<p>
+Was a software evaluator for the GNU Project and coordinator of
+the Spanish translation team for the GNU web site.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="i">I</h3>
+
+<h4>Ian Dunn</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer for <a href="/software/aris/">GNU
Aris</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.airs.com/ian/">Ian Lance
Taylor</a></h4>
+<p>
+Wrote GNU/Taylor UUCP. He has contributed to GNU binutils and many
+other packages.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Ian Murdock</h4>
+
+<p>Led the development of <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian
+GNU/Linux</a> from its inception in 1993 until 1996. Murdock died on
+December 28, 2015 in San Francisco.</p>
+
+<h4>Igor Támara Patiño</h4>
+<p>
+Was translator to Spanish of GNU web pages and co-maintainer of
+<a href="/software/gtypist/">GNU Typist</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+IIDA Yosiaki
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Maintains <a href="/software/gnujdoc/">GNUjdoc</a> and translates
+<a href="/brave-gnu-world/">Brave GNU World</a> into Japanese.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="j">J</h3>
+
+<h4>
+J. Abelardo Gutierrez
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of GNU Sather programming language. Also a contributor of
+some other Free Software projects.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://world.std.com/~burley/">James Craig
Burley</a></h4>
+<p>
+Wrote and maintains GNU Fortran (<code>g77</code>) as a volunteer
for the
+Free Software Foundation for most of 1988 through the present. Craig lives in
+Ashland, Massachusetts.
+</p>
+
+<h4>James Youngman</h4>
+<p>James is the maintainer of <a href="/software/findutils/">GNU
Findutils</a>
+and is the Author of <a href="/software/cssc/">GNU CSSC</a>.
+He also contributes to a number of other GNU projects including
+<a href="/software/gnulib/">gnulib</a> and <a
href="/software/coreutils/">Coreutils</a>.
+ James has worked on the <a href="http://www.opengroup.org/susv3">2004
POSIX standard</a>
+and with the <a href="http://www.ukuug.org/">UK Unix Users'
Group</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~jantien">Jan
Nieuwenhuizen</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is one of the main authors of <a
href="http://www.lilypond.org">LilyPond</a>, the
+music typesetter of the GNU Project. He is currently looking for a PhD.
position,
+has a part-time job, and is hacking too much at Lily.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Jason Kitcat,
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Jason was the designer and author for GNU.FREE, a heavy duty
+Internet voting system. He currently lives in Brighton, UK and works on various
+projects including his story-telling site
+<a href="http://www.thecouch.org">the couch</a>.<br />
+He is active in the environmental, human rights and free software movements and
+enjoys speaking & writing about the issues they encompass. In his spare
time he
+is a keen fencer, his preferred weapon being the sabre.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Jason M. Felice</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/patchwork/">GNU Patchwork</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://jxself.org">Jason Self</a></h4>
+<p>is the maintainer of <a
href="/software/gnutrition">GNUtrition</a> and the
+<a href="/people/webmeisters.html">GNU Chief
Webmaster</a>.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.teaser.fr/~jlgailly">Jean-loup
Gailly</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the principal author of <a href="/software/gzip/">GNU Gzip</a>
which he
+continues to maintain.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Jeff Binder</h4>
+<p>
+Is a co-author and co-maintainer of
+<a href="/software/leg/">GNU Leg</a> (Libraries
+and Engines for Games).
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.advogato.org/person/jbs/">Jeffrey B.
Siegal</a></h4>
+<p>
+Has been involved with GNU since 1985, when he helped Richard Stallman design
GCC. He
+has contributed to many free software packages including
+<a href="/software/emacs/">Emacs</a>, the GNU
+<a href="/software/libc/">C Library</a>, the
+<a href="http://www.xfree86.org/">X Window System</a> and others.
Jeff did the
+original port of many GNU packages to Windows NT.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/ahiliation">Jeffrin
Jose</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a strong supporter and advocate of free software, works as a
+software engineer at academia; tested and works on API for GNU source
+installer, supported GNU sovix and GNU Alive, and is also a contributor
+to mainline Linux, the kernel. He was also the maintainer of <a
+href="/software/trueprint/">GNU Trueprint</a> and <a
href="/software/dap/">GNU Dap</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Jeffrin has been working with free software since last millennium;
+currently also develops systems for learning using free software.</p>
+
+<h4>Jeremiah Benham</h4>
+<p>Is one of the two main developers of GNU Denemo</p>
+
+<h4><strong>Jia Wang</strong></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/proxyknife/">GNU Proxyknife</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.red-bean.com/~jimb">Jim
Blandy</a></h4>
+<p>
+Has worked for the Free Software Foundation on and off for nine years. He
currently
+maintains <a href="/software/guile/guile.html">Guile</a>, as a
volunteer. Along with
+Richard Stallman, he was responsible for the release of version 19 of
+<a href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a>. Jim lives in
Bloomington, Indiana.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Jim Lowe
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Has been a user and advocate of <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+systems since 1992. His current interest relating to GNU/Linux systems is
+software administration. He's author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/swbis/">GNU Swbis</a>, an implementation of the
POSIX
+packaging standard with features and extensions to promote the use of
+strong authentication in the distribution and installation of free software
+packages. Jim lives and works in Richmond, Virginia USA.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Jim Meyering
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Has maintained the GNU Coreutils since 1991. After merging the
+portability/maintainability (lib/, m4/, automake) core of the
+textutils, fileutils, and sh-utils into the coreutils, he
+subsequently migrated most of that into a separate project
+that is now known as Gnulib.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Joel E. Denny</h4>
+<p>Co-maintains <a href="/software/bison/">GNU
Bison</a>.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.red-bean.com/~nemo">Joel N. Weber
II</a></h4>
+<p>
+Helps with system administration. He set up kerberos, he set up the
+<a
href="http://www.red-bean.com/~nemo/exim_secondary/secondary.html">secondary
mail
+server</a> for gnu.org, and he did most of the work of migrating from
the old mail
+and file server to the new in the fall of 2000. He has also handled a lot of
the DNS
+configuration, set up the Cisco router for 51 Franklin St and set up support
for remote
+console access and remote rebooting for machines in Boston. He has been a
significant
+contributor to the internal system administration documentation, and has also
done
+numerous more minor tasks. He hopes to find the time to someday write some
music and
+security software.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.squirrel.nl/people/jvromans/">Johan
Vromans</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author of forms-mode for GNU Emacs and of several other tools that are
+freely available in the spirit of GNU.
+</p>
+
+<h4><strong>John Catherino</strong>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a
href="https://java.net/projects/cajo/pages/Home">the
+cajo project</a>. He is working with a worldwide community of free
+software developers, to provide seamless transparent distributed
+computing for grid and cluster platform developers.
+</p>
+
+<h4>John Collins jmc AT xisl
+DOT com</h4> <p> Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/gnuspool/">GNUspool</a> and <a
+href="/software/gnubatch/">GNUbatch</a>. He lives in near London,
+England with Sue and a stroppy dog. Sometimes they contrive to let him
+play Chess and Go — see him on ICC, KGS, IGS and DGS as toadwarble
+— see <a
+href="http://www.gokgs.com/graphPage.jsp?user=toadwarble">KGS
graph</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<!-- Comrade --> John Sullivan
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p><img src="/graphics/fsfsmall.png" alt="Free Software Foundation
Staff" /></p>
+
+<p>
+Has worked for the FSF since 2003, and is a GNU webmaster and Executive
+Director of the FSF. <!-- He fully intends to step down by 2039. -->
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.che.wisc.edu/~jwe/">John W.
Eaton</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/octave/">GNU Octave</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.coyote.org/~jonas/"> Jonas
Ãberg</a></h4>
+<p>
+Was a GNU webmaster and system administrator. He also advocates the GNU
+philosophy in Sweden.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://www.math.u-psud.fr/~vdhoeven">
+Joris van der Hoeven</a>
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="http://www.math.u-psud.fr/~anh/TeXmacs/TeXmacs.html">GNU
TeXmacs</a>.
+Joris is a researcher in mathematics and computer science at the french CNRS
+institute. Besides GNU TeXmacs, Joris likes computer algebra and guitar
playing.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Jose Antonio Ortega Ruiz (aka jao)
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is a Physicist and author of the <a href="/software/mdk/mdk.html">GNU
MDK</a>
+package, an emulator of Donald Knuth's MIX mythical computer.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+ <a href="http://www.jemarch.net">Jose E. Marchesi</a>
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Jose E. Marchesi is a long-term GNU activist. In 1999, he
+founded <a href="http://es.gnu.org/Página_Principal">GNU
Spain</a>,
+and he later assisted in the creation
+of <a href="http://it.gnu.org">GNU Italy</a>
+and <a href="http://mx.gnu.org">GNU Mexico</a>. His experience in
GNU
+software maintainership
+cover <a href="/software/gv/">GNU GV</a> (up to
+2007), <a href="/software/ghostscript/">GNU
+Ghostscript</a> (up to 2006), <a href="/software/ferret/">GNU
+Ferret</a> and <a href="/software/pdf/">GNU PDF</a>. He also
+performs what he calls "random works" in the GNU Project, such as
+writing internal code and editing Web pages as needed. He develop his
+professional work in the Space sector, writing software for the
+European Space Agency.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Jose M. Moya</h4>
+<p>Is currently working on the <a
+href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>.</p>
+
+<h4><a
+href="http://www.es.gnu.org/Ponentes#Juan_Antonio_A.C3.B1el">Juan A.
+Añel</a></h4>
+<p>Is the <a
href="http://gnuticias.es.gnu.org/">GNUticias</a>
+chief editor, an official speaker for GNU Spain, and helped
+organize the first GNU Hackers Meeting. He's also a
+researcher in Atmospheric Sciences.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.juanbidini.com">Juan
Bidini</a></h4>
+<p>Is a member of the core team of the <a
+href="http://www.ututo.org">UTUTO-e Project</a>,
+co-founder of <a href="http://www.solar.org.ar">SOLAR
+(Software Libre ARgentina)</a>, and founder of LUGCASARES (
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+User Group of Carlos Casares). Currently writing a
+project about “The creation of a GNU/Linux Distribution”
+made from source. This distribution will be named for
+Carlos Casares, the city where he lives.</p>
+
+<h4>Justin Baugh</h4>
+<p>Was a systems administrator at the FSF from February 2005
+until April 2008.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="k">K</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://freefriends.org/~karl/">Karl
Berry</a></h4> <p>has
+been involved with GNU since rms visited his home in 1986.</p>
+
+<h4>Karl Heuer</h4>
+<p>
+Once worked for the FSF, but has nothing else to say about himself.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Kathryn Ann Hargreaves</h4>
+<p>
+Made the original regex code POSIX compliant and updated the manual.
+Co-authored <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/teximpatient/">
+TeX for the Impatient</a> and the initial phases of
+the <a href="/software/fontutils/">GNU font utilities</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Kresten Krab Thorup</h4>
+<p>
+Wrote the runtime system for GNU Objective-C and the principal and initial
author of
+the AUC TeX package for emacs, which
+he maintained until 1993.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Klaus Treichel <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of <a
href="/software/dotgnu/">DotGNU</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Krishna Padmasola
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Converted GNU Emacs CC mode documentation to Texinfo format, which is now
included
+with the Emacs distribution.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="l">L</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://lars.nocrew.org/">Lars
Brinkhoff</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/httptunnel/">httptunnel</a>,
+and is <a href="http://pdp10.nocrew.org/gcc/">porting GCC to PDP-10 and
TOPS-20</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://quimby.gnus.org/">Lars Magne
Ingebrigtsen</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of <a href="http://www.gnus.org/">Gnus</a>, the
Emacs
+newsreader. Lars lives in Oslo, Norway.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~lfinsto1">Laurence
Finston</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/3dldf/">3DLDF</a>, a package for
+three-dimensional drawing with MetaPost output.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+Leonard Manzara
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is co-author for the GnuSpeech text-speech-system based on an articulatory
+tube-model synthesiser, and a speech-event form of parameter generation. His
+interests include digital audio signal processing and physical-modelling sound
+synthesis.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Les Kopari</h4>
+<p>
+Has prepared some web pages, and wrote the awk script that produces the html
+for our Program-Package Cross Reference.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Lezz Giles</h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of
+<a href="/software/trueprint/trueprint.html">GNU Trueprint</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Lisa M. Opus Goldstein</h4>
+<p>
+Joined the FSF as a volunteer in February 1986, half a year after the FSF
+was founded, and was our second full-time employee. She stayed for eight
+years until departing to see the world and continue her education, returning
+in May of 2001 to be our new Business Manager until September 2004.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.dachary.org/loic/">Loic
Dachary</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/mifluz/">GNU
mifluz</a>. He
+created and is a maintainer of <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/">Savannah</a>, the
+hosting facility for the GNU project. He is a founding member of
+<a href="http://fsfe.org/">FSF Europe</a> and
+<a href="http://france.fsfe.org/">FSFE France</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.lorenzobettini.it">Lorenzo
Bettini</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author of <a
href="/software/src-highlite/source-highlight.html">GNU
+Source-highlight</a>: a collection of programs that given a source file
produces
+a document with syntax highlighting (including java2html and cpp2html). He is
+also a developer and the maintainer of
+<a href="/software/gengetopt/gengetopt.html">gengetopt</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html">L. Peter
Deutsch</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the principal author of <a
href="/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html">GNU
+Ghostscript</a>, which he continues to maintain and enhance.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://ageinghacker.net">Luca Saiu</a>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Has been a user of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+systems and a proud free software advocate since 1995. His current
+main interests are programming languages and their implementation.
+He's author and maintainer of <a href="/software/epsilon">GNU
+epsilon</a>, an extensible programming language. After attending most
+GNU Hackers Meeting he also organized <a href="/ghm/2013/paris">the
+2013 edition in Paris</a>.
+</p>
+<p>
+Luca currently lives somewhere around Paris, France. Born in another
+country, he developed a strong antipathy towards the very idea of a
+nation.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a href="http://www.meanmicio.org">Luis Falcon</a> <<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Luis Falcon is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="http://health.gnu.org">GNU Health</a>, the Free Health and
Hospital
+Information System. Luis is the president of <a
+href="http://www.gnusolidario.org">GNU Solidario</a>, an <acronym
+title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</acronym> that
+delivers health and education with Free Software to the underprivileged.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="m">M</h3>
+
+<h4>Marcos Serrou do Amaral</h4>
+<p>
+Is maintainer of GNU UnRTF.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Marc Tardif <address@hidden></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/bool/bool.html">GNU
Bool</a>, a
+utility for finding files that match a boolean expression.
+</p>
+
+<h4><!-- NX Domain <a href="http://maarons.alwaysdata.net">
-->Marek Aaron Sapota<!-- </a> --></h4>
+<p>
+Is maintainer of <a href="/software/websocket4j">GNU
WebSocket4J</a> and a GNU
+Webmaster.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~madler/">Mark
Adler</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is a co-author on gzip and wrote the decompression part.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Mark H. Weaver
+<<a
href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+<p>
+ Co-maintains <a href="/software/guile">GNU Guile</a>
+ and contributes to <a href="/software/guix">GNU Guix</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Markus Steinborn</h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of <a href="/software/gv/">GNU gv</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a
href="http://www.geocities.co.jp/SiliconValley-PaloAlto/9803/">Masayuki
Hatta</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is currently maintaining GNU a2ps and Japanese translation of GNU Web pages
and was chief
+GNU translation coordinator, who administers
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">web translation
efforts</a>
+into other languages apart from English, after Luis M. Arteaga.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.contactor.se/~matsl/">Mats
Lidell</a></h4>
+<p>
+Maintainer of GNU Hyperbole.
+</p>
+
+<h4 id="mattlee"><a href="https://mat.tl/">Matt
Lee</a></h4>
+
+<p>Matt Lee is a <a href="http://orangumovie.com/">comedy
+writer/producer/director</a>
+and <a href="http://furny.co.uk/">musician</a> living in Boston.
He is
+also a <a href="/people/speakers.html#Lee">GNU Speaker</a> and runs
+the technology team over
+at <a href="http://creativecommons.org">Creative Commons</a>. In
+previous versions he was a GNU Webmaster (2003-2008),
+the <a href="/people/webmeisters.html">Chief Webmaster of the GNU
+project (2005-2008)</a>, a consultant to the FSF and finally the FSF's
+Campaigns Manager (2008-2012). He organized the LibrePlanet conference
+from 2009 until 2012. He is the maintainer
+of <a href="/software/fm/">GNU FM</a> (with help from Mike Sheldon
+and Clint Adams) and <a href="/software/social/">GNU social</a>
+(with lots of help from Evan Prodromou and Mikael Nordfeldth).</p>
+
+<p>In 2008, Matt wrote and produced the movie <a href="/fry/">Happy
+Birthday to GNU</a> with Stephen Fry for the 25th anniversary of the
+GNU Project, and thus should be considered somewhat of an expert on
+the history of the GNU Project.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="http://tytel.org">Matt Tytel</a></h4>
+
+<p>Matt Tytel is the author and maintainer of cursynth, a terminal music
+synthesizer.</p>
+
+<h4>
+Maurizio Boriani
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Author of guile-dbi (and postgres, myslq db driver),
+contributor to GNU/Hurd and other various contributions.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Melissa Weisshaus</h4>
+
+<p>Was with the GNU Project on and off (mostly on)
+for some years after 1991. She edited many <a
+href="/bulletins/bulletins.html">GNU's Bulletins</a> and
+did varying amounts of work on most of the FSF's
+other publications. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.moria.de/~michael/">Michael
Haardt</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is currently working on <a
+href="/software/diction/diction.html">GNU diction</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://micah.cowan.name/">Micah Cowan</a>
<<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+<p>
+Maintains <a href="/software/wget/">GNU Wget</a> and <a
+href="/software/teseq/">GNU Teseq</a>, and contributes to <a
+href="/software/screen/">GNU Screen</a>. Also chips in for org admin
+duties to represent the FSF/GNU Project in Google's annual <a
+href="http://code.google.com/soc/">Summer of Code</a> program.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="mailto:address@hidden">Michael J.
Flickinger</a></h4>
+<p>
+Has been involved with Savannah administration since 2004, and is
+presently the chief Savannah maintainer. He is also the maintainer of
+the <a href="/software/packaging/">GNU packaging</a> project.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Michael Opdenacker</h4>
+<p>Is the new <a href="/software/gtypist/gtypist.html">GNU
Typist</a>
+maintainer and translator to French of GNU web pages.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.nada.kth.se/~mdj">Mikael
Djurfeldt</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is one of the maintainers for <a
href="/software/guile/">Guile</a> and has
+ported and worked on development of <a
href="/software/goops/">GOOPS</a>,
+Guile's object system. He is currently working on his PhD in <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970605032448/http://www.nada.kth.se/~mdj/">Graybiel
+Lab</a>, see the Wayback Machine (archived June 05, 1997), at the <a
+href="http://web.mit.edu/bcs">Department of Brain and Cognitive
Sciences</a>,
+<a href="http://www.mit.edu">MIT</a> and is a graduate student in
<a
+href="http://www.nada.kth.se/sans">SANS</a> (Studied of Artificial
Neural
+Systems) at <a href="http://www.kth.se">KTH</a> (Royal Institute of
+Technology), Stockholm.</p>
+
+<h4><a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://mikegerwitz.com">Mike</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://mikegerwitz.com">Mike</em></ins></span>
Gerwitz</a></h4>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A long time GNU/Linux user,
free</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Free</em></ins></span> software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>activist, and</strong></del></span> hacker <span
class="removed"><del><strong>that is wholly
+incapable of resisting the seductive lure of the blinking cursor
of</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>and activist
with</em></ins></span> a <span class="removed"><del><strong>command
+line. He is the maintainer</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>focus on privacy and security;
+GNU maintainer, <a href="/help/evaluation.html">evaluator</a>, and
+volunteer; author</em></ins></span> of <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/software/easejs/">GNU
ease.js</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/s/easejs">GNU ease.js</a>.
+GPG Fingerprint: <tt>2217 5B02 E626 BC98 D7C0 C2E5 F22B B815 8EE3
0EAB</tt></p></em></ins></span>
+
+<h4>Mike Vanier</h4>
+
+<p>A graduate student in Computation and Neural Systems at
+the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has
+taken over maintaining GNU Shogi and xshogi. </p>
+
+<h4>Miquel Puigpelat</h4>
+
+<p>Is a Catalan Translation Team Coordinator and a member
+of gnu.org. He also maintains a personal site
+about <a href="http://www.puigpe.org/">free
+software</a> and related subjects in Catalan.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Mohammed Isam <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">
+<address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>The author and maintainer of <span class="removed"><del><strong>the
GnuDOS package.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><a
+href="/software/gnudos">Fontopia</a> and <a
href="/software/gnudos">
+GnuDOS</a> packages.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<h4>Mu Lei known as NalaGinrut <mulei AT gnu.org></h4>
+
+<p>The maintainer of <a href="/software/artanis/">GNU
Artanis</a>
+and <a href="/software/xmlat/">GNU Xmlat</a>, NalaGinrut
contributes
+to <a href="/software/guile">GNU Guile</a>. Also advocates the GNU
+philosophy in China to young people.</p>
+
+<h4>
+Musawir Ali
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of <a
+href="/software/leg/">GNU
+Leg</a> (Libraries and Engines for Games). Currently
+pursuing a doctoral degree and brainstorming prospective
+free software projects. </p>
+
+<h3 id="n">N</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://gnowgi.org">Nagarjuna G</a></h4>
+<p>Is the author and project coordinator of <a
+href="/software/gnowsys/">GNOWSYS</a> and Chairperson of <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org.in/">FSF India</a>. He is a philosopher of
+science and educationist working in the <!-- site down <a
+href="http://www.gnowledge.org/"> -->gnowledge.org<!-- </a>
--> lab at Mumbai in
+India at <a href="http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/">Homi Bhabha Centre for
+Science Education</a>, working in the area of structure and dynamics of
+knowledge. He gives speeches introducing the philosophy of free
+software, free knowledge and free society. He is also a project
+coordinator and lead developer of an independent free software project
+<a
+href="https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/self-platform">SELF-Platform</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Nazim Djafar</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of the <a
href="/software/jwhois">jwois</a> package.
+Nazim has worked as a developer and
+system administrator and is a GNU/Linux user since 2000. He is a free software
+activist and has given speeches on free software at the USTHB GNU/Linux install
+party in 2010 and 2011 and at the Algeria 2.0 events in 2012.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://members.hellug.gr/nmav/">Nikos
Mavroyanopoulos</a></h4>
+<p>Is the author of the <a
+href="/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</a>
+library. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.splode.com/~friedman/">Noah
Friedman</a></h4>
+<p>Is a former system administrator and release coordinator
+for the FSF. He still volunteers as time permits,
+maintaining a few Lisp programs for <a
+href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a> and
+working with others to maintain various GNU packages.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Nils Gey</h4>
+<p>Developer and public relations of GNU Denemo</p>
+
+<h3 id="o">O</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://ole.tange.dk">Ole Tange</a></h4>
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a href="/software/parallel">GNU
+Parallel</a>. He is actively promoting free software in
Denmark.</p>
+
+<h4>Ovidiu Predescu <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+<p>He was one of the authors of the GNUstep Database Library, and worked
on
+various <a href="/software/gnustep/">GNUstep</a> packages (the
GNUstep-make, GNUstep-GUI and GNUstep-X
+libraries). Between 1998 and 2003 he was the maintainer of the Objective-C
+frontend and runtime library in GCC.</p>
+
+<h3 id="p">P</h3>
+
+<h4>Paolo Bonzini
+<a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>Was converted from the Windows world to the
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+world after he took over maintaining and developing <a
+href="/software/smalltalk/smalltalk.html">GNU
+Smalltalk</a>. He develops free software in time left
+free from studying and advocating the benefits of free
+software to his the-source-is-mine friends. </p>
+
+<h4>Paul Eggert</h4>
+
+<p>Paul Eggert has contributed to many GNU packages,
+including Emacs, GCC, Automake, Bash, CVS, Ghostscript,
+Grep, Groff, Gzip, and Make. Currently he maintains or
+co-maintains Diffutils, Patch, RCS, Tar, Gzip, and the tz
+database, and also contributes to Autoconf, Bison,
+Coreutils, the GNU C library, and Gnulib. He teaches in
+the UCLA Computer Science Department. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://make.mad-scientist.net/">Paul D.
Smith</a></h4>
+
+<p>Took over maintenance of GNU make from Roland McGrath. A
+long-time beta tester for GNU Emacs and author of
+snmp-mode.el and various other ELisp tidbits.
+User/tester of various GNU packages for over 10 years!
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.vultaire.net/">Paul
Goins</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the maintainer of <a href="/software/gtypist/">GNU
+Typist</a>. He also works on several other non-GNU free
+software projects which can be found at his web site.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/">Pádraig
+Brady</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a co-maintainer of GNU coreutils. He also works on
+several other non-GNU free software projects which can be
+found at his web site.</p>
+
+<h4>Peter Gerwinski</h4>
+
+<p>Maintains the <a
+href="http://www.gnu-pascal.de/">GNU Pascal
+Compiler</a> (GPC). </p>
+
+<h4>Peter Miller</h4>
+
+<p>Has contributed to the <a
+href="../software/gettext/gettext.html">GNU Gettext</a>
+project, and also produce a range of GPLed software. He
+has over 20 years experience in software engineering
+including graphics, languages and compiler, networking
+and security, web tools, software process tools, and
+system administration and sysadmin tools. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.ceiriog.eclipse.co.uk/">Peter
Wainwright</a></h4>
+<p>
+An applied mathematician by training, he now works on
+biological effects of electromagnetic fields. He is
+maintainer for the debugger <a href="/software/ddd/">DDD</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Phillip Rulon</h4>
+<p>Was the FSF sysadmin for a few years. Does physics in his spare
time.</p>
+
+<h4>Phil Maker</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of the <a
+href="/software/nana/">GNU Nana</a> library and
+is also one of the founders of Quoll Systems. </p>
+
+<h4>Phil Nelson</h4>
+
+<p>Has worked on several GNU programs over the past few
+years. He wrote the initial version of GNU cpio. He
+also wrote GNU dbm and GNU bc. He is the maintainer of
+GNU bc. </p>
+
+<h4>Prof. Masayuki Ida</h4>
+<p>Was our Vice President for Japan. He organized Japanese
+events and worked with GNU's friends in Japan. </p>
+
+<h3 id="r">R</h3>
+
+<h4>
+Raif S. Naffah
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the maintainer, and one of the authors, of <a
+href="/software/gnu-crypto/">GNU Crypto</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Rajesh Vaidheeswarran</h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of cons, author
+and maintainer of whitespace.el (ships with GNU Emacs) and a few other
+emacs-lisp libraries. He is also one of the GNU webmasters and sysadmins.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.engelschall.com/">Ralf S.
Engelschall</a></h4>
+
+<p>Contributes to the free software community since many
+years. His most popular contributions are <a
+href="http://www.engelschall.com/sw/wml/">WML</a>, <a
+href="http://www.engelschall.com/sw/eperl/">ePerl</a>, <a
+href="http://www.engelschall.com/sw/iselect/">iSelect</a>,
+<a href="http://www.engelschall.com/sw/mm/">MM</a>, and
+NPS. He
+is also a core team member of the Apache Group and has
+contributed some popular things to the Apache community,
+including <a
+href="http://www.apache.org/docs/mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a>,
+<a href="http://www.modssl.org/">mod_ssl</a>, the <a
+href="http://www.apache.org/docs/dso.html">DSO
+facility</a>, the Apache Autoconf-style Interface
+(APACI), etc. He's also one of the founders of the <a
+href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a> project.
+Finally to the GNU Project he has contributed <a
+href="/software/shtool/">shtool</a>,
+and <a
+href="/software/pth/">Pth</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Raman <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a volunteer programmer at SimpleMachines, Italy and is currently
+hacking on a port of PicoLisp for the Mizar32 computer. He does most
+of his work with GNU Emacs but he also
+once <a
href="http://elua-development.2368040.n2.nabble.com/file/n7577812/iv.editor.patch">wrote
+a patch</a> to get a free (as in freedom) vi clone to run on a
+microcontroller. He is a maintainer of and a contributor
+to <a href="/software/gengen/">GNU Gengen</a>.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/ramprasadb">Ramprasad
B</a>
+<ramprasad at gnu period org></h4>
+
+<p>Is the <a href="/software/emacs/manual/efaq-w32.html">GNU Emacs
FAQ for MS
+Windows</a> maintainer recruited by <a
+href="https://www.stallman.org">Richard M. Stallman</a>, was a <a
+href="/people/webmeisters.html">GNU Webmaster</a>, and also works for
other <a
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/users/ramprasadb/">GNU projects</a>,
and is an
+organiser/participant of various free software events. He is from Bangalore,
+India.</p>
+
+<h4>Reinhard Müller</h4>
+<p>Is the current maintainer of
+<a href="/software/gnue/gnue.html">GNU Enterprise</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>Remco Bras</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of <a href="/software/rpge">GNU
+RPGE</a>, a package for building graphical role playing
+games.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://rrt.sc3d.org">Reuben
+Thomas</a> <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a></h4>
+
+<p>Reuben maintains <a href="/software/zile/">GNU Zile</a>
and
+contributes to much other free software, within and outside GNU. He
+earns his living as a classical baritone.</p>
+
+<h4>Richard Shann</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer and main developer of GNU Denemo</p>
+
+<h4 id="rms"><a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></h4>
+
+<p>Founded the GNU Project in 1984. He is the principal or
+initial author of <a
+href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a>, the <a
+href="/software/gcc/gcc.html">GNU C Compiler</a>, the GNU
+Debugger GDB and parts of other packages. He is the
+President of the <a href="/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software
+Foundation (FSF)</a>. <br/>
+Stallman has never had a Facebook account. He has a twitter account
+`rmspostcomments' for use with other sites, but has no other Twitter
+account. Aside from that, any account on these sites claiming to be
+his is fake.</p>
+
+<h4>Robert J. Chassell</h4>
+
+<p>Was one of the founders of the Free Software Foundation,
+and wrote the Introduction to Emacs Lisp Programming. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.math.arizona.edu/~rsm/">Robert
Maier</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the primary author of the <a
+href="/software/plotutils">GNU plotting utilities</a>,
+and the designer of the <a
+href="/software/libxmi"><code>libxmi</code></a>
+scan-conversion library. He professes mathematics at the
+University of Arizona. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.welcomehome.org/rob.html">Rob
Savoye</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of DejaGnu, the GNU regression testing
+framework, and libgloss, a BSP library for the GNU tools
+for embedded systems. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.frob.com/~roland">Roland
McGrath</a></h4>
+
+<p>Worked on the GNU Project from 1987 to 1996. He is the
+principal author of the GNU <a
+href="/software/libc/libc.html">C Library</a>, co-author
+of the <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>,
+co-author of GNU Make, and a major contributor to GNU
+Autoconf. He has also hacked on many other GNU programs
+over the years. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.rolandstigge.de/">Roland
Stigge</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the maintainer of <a href="http://www.antcom.de/gtick/">GNU
GTick</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="s">S</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.podval.org/~sds/">Sam
Steingold</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the co-maintainer of <a href="http://clisp.cons.org">GNU
CLISP</a> - an
+ANSI Common Lisp implementation. He also contributes to
+<a href="/software/emacs/emacs.html">GNU Emacs</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.pidgin.im/~sadrul/">Sadrul Habib
Chowdhury</a>
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+<p>
+Is the lead developer and co-maintainer of
+<a href="/software/screen/screen.html">GNU Screen</a>, a
full-screen
+terminal window manager. He is also a lead developer of
+<a href="http://www.pidgin.im/">Pidgin</a>, a multi-protocol
instant messaging
+program. He is a <a
href="http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/">Bangladeshi</a>
+living in Ottawa, Canada.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://kickino.org">Sebastian
Wieseler</a></h4>
+<p>
+He started idle-ing on #savannah July 17, 2004 and after finishing his
+school years he was an active member for some time after May 24, 2005.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://gray.gnu.org.ua">Sergey
Poznyakoff</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author and maintainer of <a
href="/software/radius/radius.html">GNU Radius</a>.
+He is also a developer and co-maintainer of several other GNU projects, among
them
+<a href="/software/mailutils/mailutils.html">Mailutils</a> and
+<a href="/software/tar/tar.html">Tar</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.tamacom.com/~shigio/">Shigio
Yamaguchi</a></h4>
+<p>
+Is the author of <a href="/software/global/global.html">GNU
GLOBAL</a> source code
+tag system that works the same way across diverse environments.
+</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://blog.josefsson.org/">Simon
Josefsson</a></h4>
+<p>
+Lives in Stockholm, Sweden, and is the main author of GNU Libidn, GNU
+SASL, GNU Shishi, GNU GSS and maintainer of GnuTLS and GNU Libtasn1. He
+regularly contribute to many other GNU and non-GNU free software
+projects through his consulting company, does standardization work in
+the IETF and has spoken at several conferences.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Stein Krogdahl</h4>
+<p>
+Author of Class Simulation included in the GNU Simula Compiler, <a
+href="/software/cim/">Cim</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Stephen F. Booth</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/cgicc/cgicc.html">GNU Cgicc</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Stephen H. Dawson <<a
href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></h4>
+
+<p>Stephen Dawson is the package Maintainer of <a
+href="/software/remotecontrol">GNU remotecontrol</a> and the
+coordinator of the GNU remotecontrol Team. He is an Information
+Technology Management Professional.</p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.steve.org.uk/">Steve
Kemp</a></h4>
+
+<p>Maintained the <a
+href="/software/emacs/manual/efaq-w32.html">NTEmacs
+FAQ</a> till 2002, and advocates the use of GNU software
+on the Windows platform. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.rulabinsky.com/steve">Steven M.
Rubin</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of <a
+href="/software/electric/electric.html">Electric</a>, the
+GNU CAD system for IC and Schematic design, which he
+continues to maintain and enhance. He is also the singer
+in <a href="http://www.std.org">Severe Tire Damage</a>,
+the first band to play live on the Internet. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.oualline.com">Steve
Oualline</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is a software engineer working in Southern
+California. He contributed the proto program to the GNU
+Project. </p>
+
+<h4>Steve White</h4>
+<p>Is the maintainer of and a contributor to
+<a href="/software/freefont/">GNU FreeFont</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>Susan Bassein</h4>
+
+<p>Is the initial author and the maintainer of the <a
+href="/software/dap/dap.html">Dap</a> statistics and
+graphics package. </p>
+
+<h4>Sverre Hvammen Johansen</h4>
+
+<p>Author and maintainer of the GNU Simula Compiler, <a
+href="/software/cim/">Cim</a>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="http://beuc.net">Sylvain Beucler</a></h4>
+
+<p>He started working on Savannah in the post-compromise
+context, since 2004-02-07, so he's had the time to work
+on about every aspect of the service. Besides that he is
+the author and maintainer of GNU FreeDink. </p>
+
+<h3 id="t">T</h3>
+
+
+<h4>Terje Mjøs </h4>
+<p>
+Author of the GNU Simula Compiler, <a
href="/software/cim/">Cim</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Thomas Bushnell, BSG</h4>
+
+<p>Is the principal architect of the <a
+href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, which is the
+kernel for the GNU system. He previously maintained GNU
+tar, and even wrote a BASIC interpreter. He has done many
+other things too, some of them having nothing to do with
+computers.<br /> Thomas was renamed from Michael Bushnell
+in 1996. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://retout.co.uk/">Tim Retout</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the maintainer of <a href="/software/enscript/">GNU
+Enscript</a>. </p>
+
+<h4>Tom Cato Amundsen <address@hidden></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of <a
+href="/software/solfege/solfege.html">GNU Solfege</a>, a
+ear training program for GNOME, and he has also done a
+little work with fonts and mudela-book for <a
+href="http://www.lilypond.org">GNU Lilypond</a>.<br /> He
+recently got his Master of Education in Music, but spends
+far too much time programming Solfege and using free
+software. </p>
+
+<h3 id="w">W</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.guug.de/~Werner.Koch">Werner
Koch</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the principal author of <a
+href="/software/gnupg/gnupg.html">GNU Privacy Guard</a>,
+which he continues to develop and maintain. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="http://www.wernergkrebs.com/">W. G.
Krebs</a></h4>
+
+<p>Was the original author of GNU Queue. </p>
+
+<h4>
+William M. Perry
+</h4>
+
+<p>Is the author of <a href="/software/w3/">Emacs/W3</a>,
+the Emacs web browser. </p>
+
+<h4><a href="https://wojciechpolak.org/">Wojciech
Polak</a></h4>
+
+<p>Is the author and maintainer of <a
+href="/software/anubis/">GNU Anubis</a>, and is also a developer of
<a
+href="/software/mailutils/">GNU Mailutils</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="y">Y</h3>
+
+<h4>Yann Dirson</h4>
+
+<p>Is the current maintainer of <a href="/software/gnushogi/">GNU
+Shogi</a>. He is a strong supporter and advocate of free software and
+is also a Debian Developer and occasionally participates in
+various free software projects.</p>
+
+<h4>Yngve Svendsen</h4>
+
+<p>Is the maintainer of Gnatsweb, a web interface for the Gnats bug
+tracking system. </p>
+
+<h4>Yoni Rabkin (aka yrk)</h4>
+
+<p>Has been volunteering for
+the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing/">GPL Compliance Lab</a>
+since 2006 and is the maintainer
+of <a
href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emms">Emms</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="z">Z</h3>
+
+<h4><a href="http://zak.greant.com">Zak Greant</a>
+<<a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>>
+</h4>
+
+<p>has been a volunteer for the Free Software Foundation
+Compliance Lab since 2004 and is a member of <a
+href="http://gplv3.fsf.org/discussion-committees/D">GPL
+v3 Committee D</a>. He works for eZ systems AS as
+their Managing Director for North America and for the
+Mozilla Foundation as their Ombudslizard. </p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
diff -N proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html 21 Sep 2016
04:28:26 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>Proprietary Surveillance - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+.announcement {
+ background: none;
+}
+#surveillance div.toc {
+ width: 24.5em; max-width: 94%;
+ margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
address@hidden (min-width: 48em) {
+ #surveillance div.toc {
+ float: left;
+ width: auto; max-width: 48%;
+ margin: .2em 0 1em;
+ }
+ #surveillance .medium {
+ width: 43%;
+ margin: 7em 0 1em 1.5em;
+ }
+}
+--></style>
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Proprietary Surveillance</h2>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Nonfree (proprietary) software is
very often malware (designed to
+mistreat the user). Nonfree software is controlled by its developers,
+which puts them in a position of power over the users; <a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">that is the
+basic injustice</a>. The developers often exercise that power to the
+detriment of the users they ought to serve.</p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<p>This document attempts to
+track <strong>clearly established cases of proprietary software that
+spies on or tracks users</strong>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">
+ Other examples of proprietary malware</a></p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+
+<div id="surveillance">
+
+<div class="pict medium">
+<a href="/graphics/dog.html">
+<img src="/graphics/dog.small.jpg" alt="Cartoon of a dog, wondering at the
three ads that popped up on his computer screen..." /></a>
+<p>“How did they find out I'm a dog?”</p>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<div class="toc">
+ <h3 id="TableOfContents">Table of Contents</h3>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#OSSpyware">Spyware in Operating Systems</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInWindows">Spyware in
Windows</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInMacOS">Spyware in
MacOS</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInAndroid">Spyware in
Android</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareOnMobiles">Spyware on Mobiles</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareIniThings">Spyware in
iThings</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInTelephones">Spyware in
Telephones</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInMobileApps">Spyware in Mobile
Applications</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInGames">Spyware in
Games</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInToys">Spyware in
Toys</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareAtLowLevel">Spyware at Low Level</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInBIOS">Spyware in
BIOS</a></li>
+ <!-- <li><a href="#SpywareInFirmware">Spyware in
Firmware</a></li> -->
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareAtWork">Spyware at Work</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInSkype">Spyware in
Skype</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareOnTheRoad">Spyware on the Road</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInCameras">Spyware in
Cameras</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInElectronicReaders">Spyware in
e-Readers</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInVehicles">Spyware in
Vehicles</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareAtHome">Spyware at Home</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInTVSets">Spyware in TV
Sets</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareAtPlay">Spyware at
Play</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareOnTheWeb">Spyware on the Web</a>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInChrome">Spyware in
Chrome</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInFlash">Spyware in
Flash</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareEverywhere">Spyware
Everywhere</a></li>
+ </ul>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div><!-- /class="toc"
--></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<!-- #Introduction -->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<p>For decades, the Free Software movement has been denouncing the
+abusive surveillance machine of
+<a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">proprietary software</a>
+companies such as
+<a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">Microsoft</a>
+and
+<a href="/proprietary/malware-apple.html">Apple</a>.
+
+In the recent years, this tendency to watch people has spread across
+industries, not only in the software business, but also in the
+hardware. Moreover, it also spread dramatically away from the
+keyboard, in the mobile computing industry, in the office, at home, in
+transportation systems, and in the classroom.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p class="highlight-para">This
document attempts to
+track <strong>clearly established cases of proprietary software that
+spies on or track users</strong>.</p></strong></del></span>
+
+<h3 id="LatestAdditions">Latest additions</h3>
+
+<p>Latest additions are found on top under each category.</p>
+
+<!-- #OSSpyware -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="OSSpyware">Spyware in Operating Systems</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#OSSpyware">#OSSpyware</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInWindows">Spyware in Windows</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInWindows">#SpywareInWindows</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li>In order to increase Windows 10's
install base, Microsoft
+<a
+href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/windows-10-microsoft-blatantly-disregards-user-choice-and-privacy-deep-dive">
+blatantly disregards user choice and privacy</a>.
+</li></em></ins></span>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="https://duo.com/blog/bring-your-own-dilemma-oem-laptops-and-windows-10-security">
+ Windows 10 comes with 13 screens of snooping options</a>, all
enabled by default,
+ and turning them off would be daunting to most
users.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/">
+ Microsoft has already backdoored its disk
encryption</a>.</p></li>
+
+ <li>It appears
+ <a
href="http://www.ghacks.net/2016/01/05/microsoft-may-be-collecting-more-data-than-initially-thought/">
+ Windows 10 sends data to Microsoft about what applications are
+ running</a>.</li>
+ <li><p>A downgrade to Windows 10 deleted surveillance-detection
+ applications. Then another downgrade inserted a general spying
+ program. Users noticed this and complained, so Microsoft
+ renamed it
+ <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407082751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/11/26/microsoft_renamed_data_slurper_reinserted_windows_10/">
+to give users the impression it was gone</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To use proprietary software is to invite such
treatment.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>
+ Windows 10 <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001035410/https://jonathan.porta.codes/2015/07/30/windows-10-seems-to-have-some-scary-privacy-defaults/">
+ ships with default settings that show no regard for the
+ privacy of its users</a>, giving Microsoft the “right”
+ to snoop on the users' files, text input, voice input,
+ location info, contacts, calendar records and web browsing
+ history, as well as automatically connecting the machines to open
+ hotspots and showing targeted ads.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>
+ <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/08/even-when-told-not-to-windows-10-just-cant-stop-talking-to-microsoft/">
+ Windows 10 sends identifiable information to Microsoft</a>, even if a
user
+ turns off its Bing search and Cortana features, and activates the
+ privacy-protection settings.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>
+ Microsoft uses Windows 10's “privacy policy” to overtly impose a
+ “right” to look at users' files at any time. Windows 10 full disk
+ encryption <a
href="https://edri.org/microsofts-new-small-print-how-your-personal-data-abused/">
+ gives Microsoft a key</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, Windows is overt malware in regard to surveillance,
+ as in other issues.</p>
+
+ <p>We can suppose Microsoft look at users' files for the US government
on
+ demand, though the “privacy policy” does not explicit say so.
Will it
+ look at users' files for the Chinese government on demand?</p>
+
+ <p>The unique “advertising ID” for each user enables other
companies to
+ track the browsing of each specific user.</p>
+
+ <p>It's as if Microsoft has deliberately chosen to make Windows 10
+ maximally evil on every dimension; to make a grab for total power
+ over anyone that doesn't drop Windows now.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>It only gets worse with time.
+ <a
href="http://www.techworm.net/2014/10/microsofts-windows-10-permission-watch-every-move.html">
+ Windows 10 requires users to give permission for total
snooping</a>,
+ including their files, their commands, their text input, and their
+ voice input.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.infoworld.com/article/2611451/microsoft-windows/a-look-at-the-black-underbelly-of-windows-8-1--blue-.html">
+ Windows 8.1 snoops on local searches.</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>And there's a
+ <a href="http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article40836.html">
+ secret NSA key in Windows</a>, whose functions we don't
know.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Microsoft's snooping on users did not start with Windows 10.
+ There's a lot more <a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">
+ Microsoft malware</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInMacOS">Spyware in MacOS</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInMacOS">#SpywareInMacOS</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/10/30/how-one-mans-private-files-ended-up-on-apples-icloud-without-his-consent/">
+ MacOS automatically sends to Apple servers unsaved documents being
+ edited</a>. The <a
+
href="https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/10/apple_copies_yo.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter/">
+ things you have not decided to save are even more sensitive than
+ the things you have stored in files</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Apple has made various
+ <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/04/apple-data-privacy-icloud">
+ MacOS programs send files to Apple servers without asking
+ permission</a>. This exposes the files to Big Brother and perhaps
to
+ other snoops.</p>
+
+ <p>It also demonstrates how you can't trust proprietary software,
+ because even if today's version doesn't have a malicious
+ functionality, tomorrow's version might add it. The developer won't
+ remove the malfeature unless many users push back hard, and the users
+ can't remove it themselves.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Various operations in
+ <a
href="http://lifehacker.com/safari-and-spotlight-can-send-data-to-apple-heres-how-1648453540">
+ the latest MacOS send reports to Apple</a> servers.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Apple admits the
+ <a
href="http://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/spotlight-suggestions-in-os-x-yosemite-and-ios-are-you-staying-private/">
+ spying in a search facility</a>, but there's a lot
+ <a href="https://github.com/fix-macosx/yosemite-phone-home">
+ more snooping that Apple has not talked about</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/privacy-advocates-worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-feature-161836223.html">
+ Spotlight search</a> sends users' search terms to Apple.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>There's a lot more <a href="#SpywareIniThings">iThing
spyware</a>, and
+<a href="/proprietary/malware-apple.html">Apple
malware</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInAndroid">Spyware in Android</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInAndroid">#SpywareInAndroid</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>More than 73% of the most popular Android apps
+ <a href="http://jots.pub/a/2015103001/index.php">share personal,
+ behavioral and location information</a> of their users with third
parties.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>“Cryptic communication,” unrelated to the
app's functionality,
+ was <a
href="http://news.mit.edu/2015/data-transferred-android-apps-hiding-1119">
+ found in the 500 most popular gratis Android apps</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The article should not have described these apps as
+ “free”—they are not free software. The clear way to say
+ “zero price” is “gratis.”</p>
+
+ <p>The article takes for granted that the usual analytics tools are
+ legitimate, but is that valid? Software developers have no right to
+ analyze what users are doing or how. “Analytics” tools that
snoop are
+ just as wrong as any other snooping.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Gratis Android apps (but not <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>)
+ connect to 100
+ <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/06/free-android-apps-connect-tracking-advertising-websites">tracking
and advertising</a> URLs,
+ on the average.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Spyware is present in some Android devices when they are
sold.
+ Some Motorola phones modify Android to
+ <a
href="http://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html">
+ send personal data to Motorola</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Some manufacturers add a
+ <a
href="http://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/">
+ hidden general surveillance package such as Carrier
IQ.</a></p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html#samsung">
+ Samsung's back door</a> provides access to any file on the
system.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<!-- #SpywareOnMobiles -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareOnMobiles">Spyware on Mobiles</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareOnMobiles">#SpywareOnMobiles</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareIniThings">Spyware in iThings</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareIniThings">#SpywareIniThings</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Users cannot make an Apple ID <a
href="http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/49951/how-can-i-download-free-apps-without-registering-an-apple-idcool">(necessary
to install even gratis apps)</a>
+ without giving a valid email address and receiving the code Apple
+ sends to it.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Around 47% of the most popular iOS apps
+ <a href="http://jots.pub/a/2015103001/index.php">share personal,
+ behavioral and location information</a> of their users with third
parties.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>iThings automatically upload to Apple's servers all the
photos and
+ videos they make.</p>
+
+ <blockquote><p>
+ iCloud Photo Library stores every photo and video you take,
+ and keeps them up to date on all your devices.
+ Any edits you make are automatically updated everywhere. [...]
+ </p></blockquote>
+
+ <p>(From <a
href="https://www.apple.com/icloud/photos/">Apple's iCloud
+ information</a> as accessed on 24 Sep 2015.) The iCloud feature is
+ <a href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202033">activated by the
+ startup of iOS</a>. The term “cloud” means
+ “please don't ask where.”</p>
+
+ <p>There is a way to <a
href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201104">
+ deactivate iCloud</a>, but it's active by default so it still
counts as a
+ surveillance functionality.</p>
+
+ <p>Unknown people apparently took advantage of this to
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/01/naked-celebrity-hack-icloud-backup-jennifer-lawrence">get
+ nude photos of many celebrities</a>. They needed to break Apple's
+ security to get at them, but NSA can access any of them through
+ <a
href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html#digitalcash">PRISM</a>.
+ </p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Spyware in iThings:
+ the <a
href="http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/privacy-advocates-worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-feature-161836223.html">
+ iBeacon</a> lets stores determine exactly where the iThing is,
+ and get other info too.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>There is also a feature for web sites to track users,
which is
+ <a
href="http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/10/17/how-to-disable-apple-ios-user-tracking-ios-6/">
+ enabled by default</a>. (That article talks about iOS 6, but it
+ is still true in iOS 7.)</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The iThing also
+ <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313215042/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/08/ios7_tracking_now_its_a_favourite_feature/">
+ tells Apple its geolocation</a> by default, though that can be
+ turned off.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Apple can, and regularly does,
+ <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/05/new-guidelines-outline-what-iphone-data-apple-can-give-to-police/">
+ remotely extract some data from iPhones for the
state</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-12-30/how-nsa-hacks-your-iphone-presenting-dropout-jeep">
+ Either Apple helps the NSA snoop on all the data in an iThing,
+ or it is totally incompetent.</a></p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/23/iphone-backdoors-surveillance-forensic-services">
+ Several “features” of iOS seem to exist for no
+ possible purpose other than surveillance</a>. Here is the
+ <a
href="http://www.zdziarski.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/iOS_Backdoors_Attack_Points_Surveillance_Mechanisms_Moved.pdf">
+ Technical presentation</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInTelephones">Spyware in Telephones</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInTelephones">#SpywareInTelephones</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>According to Edward Snowden,
+ <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34444233">agencies can take
over smartphones</a>
+ by sending hidden text messages which enable them to turn the phones
+ on and off, listen to the microphone, retrieve geo-location data from the
+ GPS, take photographs, read text messages, read call, location and web
+ browsing history, and read the contact list. This malware is designed to
+ disguise itself from investigation.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Samsung phones come with
+ <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/samsung-sued-for-loading-devices-with-unremovable-crapware-in-china/">apps
that users can't delete</a>,
+ and they send so much data that their transmission is a
+ substantial expense for users. Said transmission, not wanted or
+ requested by the user, clearly must constitute spying of some
+ kind.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>A Motorola phone
+ <a
href="https://www.motorola.com/us/X8-Mobile-Computing-System/x8-mobile-computing-system.html">
+ listens for voice all the time</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Spyware in Android phones (and Windows? laptops): The Wall
+ Street Journal (in an article blocked from us by a paywall)
+ reports that
+ <a
href="http://www.theverge.com/2013/8/1/4580718/fbi-can-remotely-activate-android-and-laptop-microphones-reports-wsj">
+ the FBI can remotely activate the GPS and microphone in Android
+ phones and laptops</a>.
+ (I suspect this means Windows laptops.) Here is
+ <a href="http://cryptome.org/2013/08/fbi-hackers.htm">more
info</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Portable phones with GPS will send their GPS location on
+ remote command and users cannot stop them:
+ <a
href="http://www.aclu.org/government-location-tracking-cell-phones-gps-devices-and-license-plate-readers">
+
http://www.aclu.org/government-location-tracking-cell-phones-gps-devices-and-license-plate-readers</a>.
+ (The US says it will eventually require all new portable phones
+ to have GPS.)</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The nonfree Snapchat app's principal purpose is to
restrict
+ the use of data on the user's computer, but it does surveillance
+ too: <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/dec/27/snapchat-may-be-exposed-hackers">
+ it tries to get the user's list of other people's phone
+ numbers.</a></p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInMobileApps">Spyware in Mobile Applications</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInMobileApps">#SpywareInMobileApps</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Apps that include
+ <a
href="http://techaeris.com/2016/01/13/symphony-advanced-media-software-tracks-your-digital-life-through-your-smartphone-mic/">
+ Symphony surveillance software snoop on what radio and TV programs
+ are playing nearby</a>. Also on what users post on various sites
+ such as Facebook, Google+ and Twitter.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Facebook's new Magic Photo app
+ <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605165148/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/11/10/facebook_scans_camera_for_your_friends/">
+scans your mobile phone's photo collections for known faces</a>,
+ and suggests you to share the picture you take according to who
+ is in the frame.</p>
+
+ <p>This spyware feature seems to require online access to some
+ known-faces database, which means the pictures are likely to be
+ sent across the wire to Facebook's servers and face-recognition
+ algorithms.</p>
+
+ <p>If so, none of Facebook users' pictures are private
+ anymore, even if the user didn't “upload” them to the
service.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Like most “music screaming” disservices,
Spotify
+ is based on proprietary malware (DRM and snooping). In August
+ 2015 it <a
+href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/21/spotify-faces-user-backlash-over-new-privacy-policy">
+ demanded users submit to increased snooping</a>, and some
+ are starting to realize that it is nasty.</p>
+
+ <p>This article shows the <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313214751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/21/spotify_worse_than_the_nsa/">
+ twisted ways that they present snooping as a way
+ to “serve” users better</a>—never mind
+ whether they want that. This is a typical example of
+ the attitude of the proprietary software industry towards
+ those they have subjugated.</p>
+
+ <p>Out, out, damned Spotify!</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Many proprietary apps for mobile devices report which
other
+ apps the user has
+ installed. <a
href="http://techcrunch.com/2014/11/26/twitter-app-graph/">Twitter
+ is doing this in a way that at least is visible and
+ optional</a>. Not as bad as what the others do.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>FTC says most mobile apps for children don't respect
privacy:
+ <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/12/ftc-disclosures-severely-lacking-in-kids-mobile-appsand-its-getting-worse/">
+
http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/12/ftc-disclosures-severely-lacking-in-kids-mobile-appsand-its-getting-worse/</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Widely used <a
href="https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kollarssmith/scan-this-or-scan-me-user-privacy-barcode-scanning-applications/">proprietary
+ QR-code scanner apps snoop on the user</a>. This is in addition to
+ the snooping done by the phone company, and perhaps by the OS in the
+ phone.</p>
+
+ <p>Don't be distracted by the question of whether the app
developers get
+ users to say “I agree”. That is no excuse for
malware.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The Brightest Flashlight app
+ <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/dec/06/android-app-50m-downloads-sent-data-advertisers">
+ sends user data, including geolocation, for use by
companies.</a></p>
+
+ <p>The FTC criticized this app because it asked the user to
+ approve sending personal data to the app developer but did not
+ ask about sending it to other companies. This shows the
+ weakness of the reject-it-if-you-dislike-snooping
+ “solution” to surveillance: why should a flashlight
+ app send any information to anyone? A free software flashlight
+ app would not.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInGames">Spyware in Games</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInGames">#SpywareInGames</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Angry Birds
+ <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/world/spy-agencies-scour-phone-apps-for-personal-data.html">
+ spies for companies, and the NSA takes advantage to spy through it
too</a>.
+ Here's information on
+ <a
href="http://confabulator.blogspot.com/2012/11/analysis-of-what-information-angry.html">
+ more spyware apps</a>.</p>
+ <p><a
href="http://www.propublica.org/article/spy-agencies-probe-angry-birds-and-other-apps-for-personal-data">
+ More about NSA app spying</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInToys">Spyware in Toys</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInToys">#SpywareInToys</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>A computerized
+ vibrator <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/10/vibrator-phone-app-we-vibe-4-plus-bluetooth-hack">snoops
+ on its users through the proprietary control app</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The app reports the temperature of the vibrator minute by
+ minute (thus, indirectly, whether it is surrounded by a person's
+ body), and the vibration frequency.</p>
+
+ <p>Note the totally inadequate proposed response: a labeling
+ standard with which manufacturers would make statements about
+ their products, rather than free software which users can check
+ and change.</p>
+ </li></em></ins></span>
+ <li><p>Barbie
+ <a
href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/wi-fi-spy-barbie-records-childrens-5177673">is
going to spy on children and adults.</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<!-- #SpywareAtLowLevel -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareAtLowLevel">Spyware at Low Level</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareAtLowLevel">#SpywareAtLowLevel</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInBIOS">Spyware in BIOS</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInBIOS">#SpywareInBIOS</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>
+<a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2984889/windows-pcs/lenovo-collects-usage-data-on-thinkpad-thinkcentre-and-thinkstation-pcs.html">
+Lenovo stealthily installed crapware and spyware via BIOS</a> on Windows
installs.
+Note that the specific sabotage method Lenovo used did not affect
+GNU/Linux; also, a “clean” Windows install is not really
+clean since <a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">Microsoft
+puts in its own malware</a>.
+</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- #SpywareAtWork -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareAtWork">Spyware at Work</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareAtWork">#SpywareAtWork</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Investigation
+ Shows <a
href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160602/17210734610/investigation-shows-gchq-using-us-companies-nsa-to-route-around-domestic-surveillance-restrictions.shtml">GCHQ
+ Using US Companies, NSA To Route Around Domestic Surveillance
+ Restrictions</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Specifically, it can collect the emails of members of Parliament
+ this way, because they pass it through Microsoft.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Spyware in Cisco TNP IP phones:
+ <a
href="http://boingboing.net/2012/12/29/your-cisco-phone-is-listening.html">
+
http://boingboing.net/2012/12/29/your-cisco-phone-is-listening.html</a></p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInSkype">Spyware in Skype</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInSkype">#SpywareInSkype</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Spyware in Skype:
+ <a
href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2013/06/20/project-chess-how-u-s-snoops-on-your-skype/">
+
http://www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2013/06/20/project-chess-how-u-s-snoops-on-your-skype/</a>.
+ Microsoft changed Skype
+ <a
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data">
+ specifically for spying</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<!-- #SpywareOnTheRoad -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareOnTheRoad">Spyware on The Road</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareOnTheRoad">#SpywareOnTheRoad</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInCameras">Spyware in Cameras</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInCameras">#SpywareInCameras</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>The Nest Cam “smart” camera is <a
+ href="http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34922712">always
+ watching</a>, even when the “owner” switches it
“off.”</p>
+ <p>A “smart” device means the manufacturer is using it
to outsmart
+ you.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInElectronicReaders">Spyware in e-Readers</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInElectronicReaders">#SpywareInElectronicReaders</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>E-books can contain Javascript code,
+ and <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/08/men-make-up-their-minds-about-books-faster-than-women-study-finds">sometimes
+ this code snoops on readers</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Spyware in many e-readers—not only the
+ Kindle: <a
href="https://www.eff.org/pages/reader-privacy-chart-2012">
+ they report even which page the user reads at what
time</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Adobe made “Digital Editions,” the e-reader
used
+ by most US libraries,
+ <a
href="http://www.computerworlduk.com/blogs/open-enterprise/drm-strikes-again-3575860/">
+ send lots of data to Adobe</a>. Adobe's “excuse”: it's
+ needed to check DRM!</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInVehicles">Spyware in Vehicles</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInVehicles">#SpywareInVehicles</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>Computerized cars with
nonfree software are
+ <a
href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-12/your-car-s-been-studying-you-closely-and-everyone-wants-the-data">
+ snooping devices</a>.</p>
+ </li></em></ins></span>
+
+ <li><p>The Nissan Leaf has a built-in cell phone modem which
allows
+ effectively
+ anyone <a
href="https://www.troyhunt.com/controlling-vehicle-features-of-nissan/">to
+ access its computers remotely and make changes in various
+ settings</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>That's easy to do because the system has no authentication when
+ accessed through the modem. However, even if it asked for
+ authentication, you couldn't be confident that Nissan has no
+ access. The software in the car is
+ proprietary, <a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">which
+ means it demands blind faith from its users</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Even if no one connects to the car remotely, the cell phone
+ modem enables the phone company to track the car's movements all
+ the time; it is possible to physically remove the cell phone modem
+ though.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Proprietary software in cars
+ <a
href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/03/24/car-spying-edr-data-privacy/1991751/">records
information about drivers' movements</a>,
+ which is made available to car manufacturers, insurance companies, and
+ others.</p>
+
+ <p>The case of toll-collection systems, mentioned in this article,
is not
+ really a matter of proprietary surveillance. These systems are an
+ intolerable invasion of privacy, and should be replaced with anonymous
+ payment systems, but the invasion isn't done by malware. The other
+ cases mentioned are done by proprietary malware in the
car.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Tesla cars allow the company to extract data remotely and
+ determine the car's location at any time. (See
+ <a
href="http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/tmi_privacy_statement_external_6-14-2013_v2.pdf">
+ Section 2, paragraphs b and c.</a>). The company says it doesn't
+ store this information, but if the state orders it to get the data
+ and hand it over, the state can store it.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<!-- #SpywareAtHome -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareAtHome">Spyware at Home</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareAtHome">#SpywareAtHome</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p><a
href="http://consumerman.com/Rent-to-own%20giant%20accused%20of%20spying%20on%20its%20customers.htm">
+ Rent-to-own computers were programmed to spy on their
renters</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInTVSets">Spyware in TV Sets</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInTVSets">#SpywareInTVSets</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Emo Phillips made a joke: The other day a woman came up to me and
+said, “Didn't I see you on television?” I said, “I
+don't know. You can't see out the other way.” Evidently that was
+before Amazon “smart” TVs.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Vizio goes a step further than other TV manufacturers in
spying on
+ their users: their <a
href="http://www.propublica.org/article/own-a-vizio-smart-tv-its-watching-you">
+ “smart” TVs analyze your viewing habits in detail and
+ link them your IP address</a> so that advertisers can track you
+ across devices.</p>
+
+ <p>It is possible to turn this off, but having it enabled by
default
+ is an injustice already.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Tivo's alliance with Viacom adds 2.3 million households to
+ the 600 millions social media profiles the company already
+ monitors. Tivo customers are unaware they're being watched by
+ advertisers. By combining TV viewing information with online
+ social media participation, Tivo can now <a
href="http://www.reuters.com/article/viacom-tivo-idUSL1N12U1VV20151102">correlate
TV
+ advertisement with online purchases</a>, exposing all users to
+ new combined surveillance by default.</p></li>
+ <li><p>Some web and TV advertisements play inaudible sounds to be
+ picked up by proprietary malware running on other devices in
+ range so as to determine that they are nearby. Once your
+ Internet devices are paired with your TV, advertisers can
+ correlate ads with Web activity, and
+ other <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/11/beware-of-ads-that-use-inaudible-sound-to-link-your-phone-tv-tablet-and-pc/">cross-device
tracking</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Vizio “smart” TVs recognize and
+ <a
href="http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/24/vizio-ipo-inscape-acr/">track what
people are watching</a>,
+ even if it isn't a TV channel.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>The Amazon “Smart” TV
+ <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/nov/09/amazon-echo-smart-tv-watching-listening-surveillance">is
+ watching and listening all the time</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>The Samsung “Smart” TV
+ <a
href="http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2015/02/who-s-the-third-party-that-samsung-and-lg-smart-tvs-are-sharing-your-voice-data-with/index.htm">transmits
users' voice on the internet to another
+ company, Nuance</a>. Nuance can save it and would then have to
+ give it to the US or some other government.</p>
+ <p>Speech recognition is not to be trusted unless it is done
+ by free software in your own computer.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Spyware in
+ <a
href="http://doctorbeet.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html">
+ LG “smart” TVs</a> reports what the user watches, and
+ the switch to turn this off has no effect. (The fact that the
+ transmission reports a 404 error really means nothing; the server
+ could save that data anyway.)</p>
+
+ <p>Even worse, it
+ <a
href="http://rambles.renney.me/2013/11/lg-tv-logging-filenames-from-network-folders/">
+ snoops on other devices on the user's local network.</a></p>
+
+ <p>LG later said it had installed a patch to stop this, but any
product
+ could spy this way.</p>
+
+ <p>Meanwhile, LG TVs
+ <a
href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140511/17430627199/lg-will-take-smart-out-your-smart-tv-if-you-dont-agree-to-share-your-viewing-search-data-with-third-parties.shtml">
do lots of spying anyway</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p><a
href="http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/05/verizon-fios-reps-know-what-tv-channels-you-watch/">Verizon
cable TV snoops on what programs people watch, and even what they wanted to
record.</a></p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- #SpywareAtPlay -->
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareAtPlay">Spyware at Play</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareAtPlay">#SpywareAtPlay</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Many
+ <a
href="http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/29/how-much-data-are-video-games-collecting-about-you.html/">
+ video game consoles snoop on their users and report to the
+ internet</a>— even what their users weigh.</p>
+
+ <p>A game console is a computer, and you can't trust a computer
with
+ a nonfree operating system.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Modern gratis game cr…apps
+ <a
href="http://toucharcade.com/2015/09/16/we-own-you-confessions-of-a-free-to-play-producer/">
+ collect a wide range of data about their users and their users'
+ friends and associates</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Even nastier, they do it through ad networks that merge the data
+ collected by various cr…apps and sites made by different
+ companies.</p>
+
+ <p>They use this data to manipulate people to buy things, and hunt
+ for “whales” who can be led to spend a lot of money. They
+ also use a back door to manipulate the game play for specific
players.</p>
+
+ <p>While the article describes gratis games, games that cost money
+ can use the same tactics.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- #SpywareOnTheWeb -->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareOnTheWeb">Spyware on the Web</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareOnTheWeb">#SpywareOnTheWeb</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<p>In addition, many web sites spy on their visitors. Web sites are not
+ programs, so it
+ <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+ makes no sense to call them “free” or
“proprietary”</a>,
+ but the surveillance is an abuse all the same.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://japandailypress.com/government-warns-agencies-against-using-chinas-baidu-application-after-data-transmissions-discovered-2741553/">
+ Baidu's Japanese-input and Chinese-input apps spy on
users.</a></p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Pages that contain “Like” buttons
+ <a
href="http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/facebooks-privacy-lie-aussie-exposes-tracking-as-new-patent-uncovered-20111004-1l61i.html">
+ enable Facebook to track visitors to those pages</a>—even
+ users that don't have Facebook accounts.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Many web sites rat their visitors to advertising networks
that track
+ users. Of the top 1000 web sites, <a
+
href="https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/bclt/research/privacy-at-bclt/web-privacy-census/">84%
+ (as of 5/17/2012) fed their visitors third-party cookies, allowing other
+ sites to track them</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Many web sites report all their visitors to Google by
using
+ the Google Analytics service, which
+ <a
href="http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/434164/google_analytics_breaks_norwegian_privacy_laws_local_agency_said/">
+ tells Google the IP address and the page that was
visited.</a></p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Many web sites try to collect users' address books (the
+ user's list of other people's phone numbers or email addresses).
+ This violates the privacy of those other people.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.itproportal.com/2014/05/14/microsoft-openly-offered-cloud-data-fbi-and-nsa/">
+ Microsoft SkyDrive allows the NSA to directly examine users'
data</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInChrome">Spyware in Chrome</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInChrome">#SpywareInChrome</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Google Chrome makes it easy for an extension to do <a
+
href="https://labs.detectify.com/2015/07/28/how-i-disabled-your-chrome-security-extensions/">total
+ snooping on the user's browsing</a>, and many of them do
so.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<div class="big-subsection">
+ <h4 id="SpywareInFlash">Spyware in Flash</h4>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInFlash">#SpywareInFlash</a>)</span>
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Flash Player's
+ <a
href="http://www.imasuper.com/66/technology/flash-cookies-the-silent-privacy-killer/">
+ cookie feature helps web sites track visitors</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Flash is also used for
+ <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/10/top-sites-and-maybe-the-nsa-track-users-with-device-fingerprinting/">
+ “fingerprinting” devices </a> to identify
users.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Javascript
code</a>
+is another method of “fingerprinting” devices.</p>
+
+
+<!-- #SpywareEverywhere -->
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareEverywhere">Spyware Everywhere</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareEverywhere">#SpywareEverywhere</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>The natural extension of monitoring people through
+ “their” phones is <a
+
href="http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2016/01/fool-activity-tracker.html">
+ proprietary software to make sure they can't “fool” the
+ monitoring</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a
href="http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/134954-cortana-is-always-listening-with-new-wake-on-voice-tech-even-when-windows-10-is-sleeping">
+ Intel devices will be able to listen for speech all the time, even when
“off.”</a></p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2016/09/21 04:28:26 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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