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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy right-to-read.ru.html po/right-t... |
Date: |
Thu, 14 Jul 2016 08:29:20 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/07/14 08:29:20
Modified files:
philosophy : right-to-read.ru.html
philosophy/po : right-to-read.ru-en.html right-to-read.ru.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
Patches:
Index: right-to-read.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- right-to-read.ru.html 1 Jul 2016 04:58:38 -0000 1.34
+++ right-to-read.ru.html 14 Jul 2016 08:29:20 -0000 1.35
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>ÐÑаво пÑоÑеÑÑÑ - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
@@ -170,67 +170,83 @@
<ul>
<li>ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑаÑÑказ — пÑедположиÑелÑно
ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ иÑÑоÑии, напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²
бÑдÑÑем кем-Ñо дÑÑгим и опиÑÑваÑÑаÑ
молодоÑÑÑ Ðана ХелбеÑÑа в обÑеÑÑве
-ÑгнеÑениÑ, ÑÑоÑмиÑованном вÑагами,
коÑоÑÑе ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ñлово
+ÑгнеÑениÑ, ÑÑоÑмиÑованном ÑемнÑми Ñилами,
коÑоÑÑе ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ Ñлово
“пиÑає в пÑопаганде. СÑаÑÑÑ
полÑзÑеÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑажениÑми ÑÑого
-обÑеÑÑва. Я пÑÑалÑÑ ÑкÑÑÑаполиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ð·
ÑегоднÑÑнего днÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑо
-вÑглÑдело еÑе более жеÑÑко. См. “<a
+обÑеÑÑва. Я попÑÑалÑÑ ÑазвиÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑлÑ, ÑÑобÑ
ÑÑо вÑглÑдело еÑе более
+жеÑÑко. См. “<a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">пиÑаÑÑÑво</a>”.
</li>
<li>
+<p>ÐомпÑÑÑеÑнÑе огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пеÑедаÑÑ
или ÑÑение книг (и дÑÑгиÑ
видов
+опÑбликованнÑÑ
ÑабоÑ) извеÑÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº DRM, ÑÑо
ÑокÑаÑение “<span
+lang="en" xml:lang="en">Digital Restrictions Management</span>
(ÑиÑÑовое
+ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми)”. ЧÑобÑ
ÑниÑÑожиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, Фонд Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñганизовал
ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">ÐеÑÐµÐºÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑован</a>.
ÐÑ Ð¿ÑоÑим Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾
+поддеÑжке.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
<p>СледÑÑÑее пÑимеÑание Ñо вÑемени пеÑвой
пÑбликаÑии ÑаÑÑказа неÑколÑко Ñаз
обновлÑлоÑÑ.</p>
<p>
-ÐÑаво пÑоÑеÑÑÑ — ÑÑо пÑаво, ÑÑажение
за коÑоÑое ведеÑÑÑ
-ÑегоднÑ. ХоÑÑ, возможно, поÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ
50 Ð»ÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑейÑи оÑ
-жизни, коÑоÑой Ð¼Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²ÐµÐ¼ ÑегоднÑ, к полномÑ
мÑакÑ, болÑÑинÑÑво конкÑеÑнÑÑ
-законов и меÑодов, опиÑаннÑÑ
вÑÑе, Ñже бÑли
пÑедложенÑ; многие законÑ
-вÑÑÑпили в ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð² СШРи дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
. Ð
СШРÐакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
-ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑÐ¸Ñ (DMCA) в 1998 годÑ
заложил ÑÑидиÑеÑкие оÑнованиÑ
-Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑиваÑÑ ÑÑение и
пеÑедаÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑизованнÑÑ
-книг (а Ñакже дÑÑгиÑ
ÑабоÑ). ÐвÑопейÑкий
ÑоÑз наложил ÑÑ
однÑе огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
-диÑекÑиве 2001 года об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве. Ðо
ФÑанÑии по Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ DADVSI,
-пÑинÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð² 2006 годÑ, пÑоÑÑое владение
копией DeCSS, Ñвободной
-пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑаÑÑиÑÑовки видео на DVD,
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑеÑÑÑплением.</p>
-
-<p>
-Ð 2001 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑенаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¥Ð¾Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð³Ñ,
оплаÑиваемÑй компанией Disney, пÑедложил
-пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð° под названием SSSCA, коÑоÑÑй
поÑÑебовал бÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° каждом
-новом компÑÑÑеÑе бÑли ÑÑедÑÑва
огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑованиÑ, коÑоÑÑе
полÑзоваÑелÑ
-не мог Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹Ñи. ÐмеÑÑе Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñом микÑоÑÑ
ем Clipper и ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñми
-пÑедложениÑми пÑавиÑелÑÑÑва СШРпо
депониÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ»ÑÑей ÑÑо вÑÑвлÑеÑ
-долгоÑÑоÑнÑÑ ÑенденÑиÑ: вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑнÑе
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑкаÑÑ Ñакими, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
-давали комÑ-Ñо далÑнемÑ, облеÑенномÑ
влаÑÑÑÑ, вÑе болÑÑий конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
-лÑдÑми, коÑоÑÑе на Ñамом деле полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
вÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной ÑиÑÑемой. SSSCA
-впоÑледÑÑвии бÑл пеÑеименован в CBDTPA, ÑÑо
ÑаÑÑиÑÑовÑвалоÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
-“ÐоÑÑеблÑй, но не вздÑмай
пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ” <a
-href="#tf1">{1}</a>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐÑкоÑе поÑле ÑÑого РеÑпÑбликанÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑиÑ
полÑÑила болÑÑинÑÑво в СенаÑе
-СШÐ. Ðни менее ÑеÑно ÑвÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ ÐолливÑдом,
Ñем демокÑаÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо они не
-пÑоÑалкивали ÑÑи пÑедложениÑ. ТепеÑÑ,
когда демокÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑи,
-опаÑноÑÑÑ Ñнова возÑоÑла.</p>
-
-<p>
-Ð 2001 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð½Ð°Ñали пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедложеннÑм ÐоговоÑом
-об амеÑиканÑкой зоне “Ñвободной
ÑоÑговли” (FTAA), ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑзаÑÑ
-ÑÑи же пÑавила вÑем ÑÑÑанам в Ðападном
полÑÑаÑии. FTAA — один из
-Ñак назÑваемÑÑ
договоÑов о Ñвободной
ÑоÑговле, коÑоÑÑе в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
-ÑоÑÑавленÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ñм кÑÑгам
болÑÑе влаÑÑи над пÑавиÑелÑÑÑвами
-демокÑаÑиÑеÑкиÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв; навÑзÑвание
законов, подобнÑÑ
DMCA, вполне
-оÑвеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´ÑÑ
Ñ ÑÑиÑ
договоÑов. ÐÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ FTAA
по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð±Ñл ÑниÑÑожен ÐÑлой,
-пÑезиденÑом ÐÑазилии, коÑоÑÑй оÑвеÑг
ÑÑебование о DMCA и дÑÑгие ÑÑебованиÑ.</p>
-
-<p>
-С ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð Ð½Ð°Ð²Ñзали подобнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ
Ñаким ÑÑÑанам, как ÐвÑÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
-ÐекÑика пÑÑем двÑÑÑоÑонниÑ
договоÑов о
“Ñвободной ÑоÑговле”, а
-Ñаким ÑÑÑанам, как ÐоÑÑа-Рика,— Ñ
помоÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгого договоÑа,
-назÑваемого CAFTA. ÐÑÐµÐ·Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐквадоÑа ÐоÑÑеа
оÑказалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÑоглаÑение
-о “Ñвободной ÑоÑговле” Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, но Ñ
ÑлÑÑал, ÑÑо ÐÐºÐ²Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑл
-ÑÑо-Ñо ÑÑ
одное Ñ DMCA в 2003 годÑ.</p>
+ÐиÑва за пÑаво пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ñже идеÑ. ХоÑÑ,
возможно, поÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ 50 леÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñи пÑежние ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑли в
небÑÑие, болÑÑинÑÑво конкÑеÑнÑÑ
+ÑепÑеÑÑивнÑÑ
законов и меÑодов, опиÑаннÑÑ
вÑÑе, Ñже бÑли пÑедложенÑ;
+некоÑоÑÑе Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑпили в ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð² СШРи
дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
. РСШРÐакон об
+авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑÐ¸Ñ (DMCA)
в 1998 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð» ÑвнÑÑ
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑнÑм
огÑаниÑениÑм, извеÑÑнÑм как DRM,
+Ñделав ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе
могÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð¼ÑваÑÑ DRM,
+пÑеÑÑÑплением. ÐвÑопейÑкий ÑоÑз наложил ÑÑ
однÑе огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² диÑекÑиве
+2001 года об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, но далеко не
в Ñакой жеÑÑкой ÑоÑме.</p>
+
+<p>
+СШРвÑÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð·Ð° навÑзÑвание ÑакиÑ
пÑавил
оÑÑалÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñак
+назÑваемÑÑ
договоÑов о “Ñвободной
ÑоÑговле”. ÐÑÑÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+подÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ <a
+href="https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html"> договоÑÑ
о
+гегемонии пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва</a>,
поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ
+пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑм гоÑподÑÑво над
номиналÑно демокÑаÑиÑнÑми
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвами. Ðоложение DMCA о Ñом, ÑÑо
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе взламÑваÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми,
пÑеÑÑÑпнÑ, пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑолÑко одно из
+неÑпÑаведливÑÑ
пÑавил, коÑоÑÑе ÑÑи
договоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑзÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ многиÑ
ÑÑеÑаÑ
+деÑÑелÑноÑÑи.</p>
+
+<p>
+СШРнавÑзала ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ DMCA ÐвÑÑÑалии,
Ðовой Ðеландии, Ðанаме, ÐолÑмбии, а
+Ñакже Южной ÐоÑее Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²ÑÑÑоÑонниÑ
договоÑов, а Ñаким ÑÑÑанам, как
+ÐоÑÑа-Рика, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгого договоÑа, CAFTA.
Ðбама поднÑл ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
+новÑй ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñми пÑоекÑами
договоÑов, TPP и TTIP. TPP навÑзал бÑ
+DMCA, вмеÑÑе Ñо многими дÑÑгими
неÑпÑаведливоÑÑÑми, 12 ÑÑÑанам
+ТиÑ
оокеанÑкого Ñегиона. TTIP навÑзал бÑ
подобнÑе же пÑÑÑ ÐвÑопе. ÐмеÑиканÑÑ
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑебоваÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑвоиÑ
пÑедÑÑавиÑелей
в ÐонгÑеÑÑе оÑÑазиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑки
+одобÑиÑÑ TPP в ÑеÑÑии, пÑоводимой
напоÑледок Ñеми, кÑо не пÑоÑел на
+ÑледÑÑÑий ÑÑок поÑле вÑбоÑов 2016 года.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑноÑиÑелÑно Windows Vista Microsoft пÑизнала, ÑÑо в
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑоена
+лазейка: Microsoft Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ, ÑÑобÑ
пÑинÑдиÑелÑно ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммнÑе “обновлениє, даже еÑли
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
+ÑÑ
ÑдÑениÑми. ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ñакже
пÑиказаÑÑ Ð²Ñем маÑинам, ÑабоÑаÑÑим под
+ÑпÑавлением Vista, оÑказаÑÑÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ
опÑеделеннÑм дÑайвеÑом
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва. Vista зажимала полÑзоваÑелей
главнÑм обÑазом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
+навÑзаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм полÑзоваÑели не
ÑмогÑÑ
+ÑпÑавиÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðаже ÐонÑоÑÑиÑм ÐÑемиÑной паÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð» в
ÑеÑи индÑÑÑÑии авÑоÑÑкого пÑава;
+он движеÑÑÑ Ðº одобÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑиÑÑового
ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑми как
+оÑиÑиалÑной ÑаÑÑи ÑпеÑиÑикаÑий ÐÑемиÑной
паÑÑинÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+РнеÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
заÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑваÑÑ <a
+href="/proprietary/">ÑазнообÑазнÑе неÑпÑаведливÑе
оÑобенноÑÑи</a>, ÑÑо
+поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»ÑÑение о Ñом, ÑÑо <a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">неÑвободной
+пÑогÑамме никогда нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ</a>. ÐÑ
наÑÑаиваем иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно на
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и оÑвеÑгаем
неÑвободнÑе.</p>
<p>
Ðдна из идей ÑаÑÑказа не пÑедлагалаÑÑ Ð²
ÑеалÑноÑÑи до 2002 года. ÐÑо
@@ -239,15 +255,10 @@
Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ.</p>
<p>
-СÑоÑонники ÑÑой ÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸ ей Ñакие
названиÑ, как “довеÑеннÑе
-вÑÑиÑлениє и “Ðалладий”. ÐÑ
назÑваем ÑÑо <a
-href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“веÑоломнÑми
-вÑÑиÑлениÑми”</a>, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑо
пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ
-заÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑинÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñм вплоÑÑ
до оÑказа подÑинÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼. ÐÑо бÑло
-Ñеализовано в 2007 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² ÑамкаÑ
<a
href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
-Vista</a>; Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÐµÐ¼, ÑÑо и Apple ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑо
подобное. Ðо ÑÑой ÑÑ
еме
-ÑекÑеÑнÑй код Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоизводиÑелÑ, но ФÐÐ
не ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑда
-полÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾.</p>
+Ðа Ñаннем ÑÑапе ÑÑоÑонники ÑÑой ÑÑ
емÑ
пÑедлагали Ñакие названиÑ, как
+“довеÑеннÑе вÑÑиÑлениє и
“Ðалладий”, но Ñо, ÑÑо в
+конеÑном ÑÑеÑе ÑÑали пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑакÑике, назÑваеÑÑÑ “безопаÑной
+загÑÑзкой”.</p>
<p>
То, ÑÑо Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Microsoft — не ÑовÑем
паÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð² ÑÑадиÑионном
@@ -255,26 +266,29 @@
паÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑÑо подпиÑÑ Ð¸ клÑÑ ÑиÑÑа,
ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑий вÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ»ÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÑй
Ñ
ÑаниÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑем компÑÑÑеÑе. ÐÑо
позволÑÐµÑ Microsoft и в пÑинÑипе лÑбÑм
ÑайÑам ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, коÑоÑÑе ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ñ
Microsoft, полноÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ
-Ñо, ÑÑо полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем
ÑобÑÑвенном компÑÑÑеÑе.</p>
-
-<p>
-Vista Ñакже Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Microsoft дополниÑелÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ;
напÑимеÑ, компаниÑ
-Microsoft Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑинÑдиÑелÑно ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑ
обновлениÑ, и она можеÑ
-пÑиказаÑÑ Ð²Ñем маÑинам, на коÑоÑÑÑ
ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Vista, оÑказаÑÑÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ
-опÑеделеннÑм дÑайвеÑом ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва.
Ðлавное назнаÑение множеÑÑва огÑаниÑений
-ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Vista — навÑзаÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое
ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми,
-коÑоÑое полÑзоваÑели не могÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¹Ñи.
УгÑоза ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑавлениÑ
-огÑаниÑениÑми — ÑÑо пÑиÑина, по
коÑоÑой Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñали ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">“ÐÑак
гаÑанÑиÑован”</a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-Ðогда ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑаÑÑказ бÑл ÑолÑко напиÑан, SPA
ÑгÑожала мелким опеÑаÑоÑам ÑвÑзи,
-пÑедоÑÑавлÑвÑим доÑÑÑп в ÐнÑеÑнеÑ, ÑÑебÑÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ ÑазÑеÑили SPA наблÑдаÑÑ
-за вÑеми полÑзоваÑелÑми. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво
опеÑаÑоÑов подÑинилоÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед лиÑом
-ÑгÑозÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они не могли позволиÑÑ
Ñебе заÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑде. Ðдин из
-опеÑаÑоÑов, Community ConneXion в Ðкленде, ÑÑаÑ
ÐалиÑоÑниÑ, оÑказалÑÑ
-вÑполниÑÑ ÑÑебование, и на него подали в
ÑÑд. ÐпоÑледÑÑвии SPA оÑказалаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
-пÑеÑледованиÑ, но полÑÑила DMCA, давÑий им
влаÑÑÑ, коÑоÑой они добивалиÑÑ.</p>
+Ñо, ÑÑо полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвоем
ÑобÑÑвенном
+компÑÑÑеÑе. Microsoft, веÑоÑÑно, полÑзÑеÑÑÑ
ÑÑим конÑÑолем Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ ФÐÐ ,
+когда ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑом пÑоÑÑÑ: она Ñже <a
+href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">показÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐÐÐ
недоÑеÑÑ Ð² заÑиÑе
+Windows</a>, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð°Ð³ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑво иÑ
ÑкÑплÑаÑиÑовало.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐезопаÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ ÑеализоваÑÑ
Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð±Ñло ÑазÑеÑено
+ÑказÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸Ñей и ÑеÑаÑÑ,
какие пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑÑ. Ðа
+пÑакÑике в пеÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
,
ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑе под Windows 10,
+еÑÑÑ ÑолÑко клÑÑ Microsoft, и Ñо, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ
+дÑÑгÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ (ÑакÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
GNU/Linux), опÑеделÑÐµÑ Microsoft. ÐÑ
+назÑваем ÑÑо <em>огÑаниÑенной
загÑÑзкой</em>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð 1997 годÑ, когда ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑаÑÑказ бÑл
впеÑвÑе опÑбликован, SPA ÑгÑожала
+мелким опеÑаÑоÑам ÑвÑзи, пÑедоÑÑавлÑвÑим
доÑÑÑп в ÐнÑеÑнеÑ, ÑÑебÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+они ÑазÑеÑили SPA наблÑдаÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑеми
полÑзоваÑелÑми. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво опеÑаÑоÑов
+подÑинилоÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед лиÑом ÑгÑозÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
они не могли позволиÑÑ Ñебе
+заÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑде. Ðдин из опеÑаÑоÑов, Community
ConneXion в Ðкленде, ÑÑаÑ
+ÐалиÑоÑниÑ, оÑказалÑÑ Ð²ÑполниÑÑ
ÑÑебование, и на него подали в
+ÑÑд. ÐпоÑледÑÑвии SPA оÑказалаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
пÑеÑледованиÑ, но DMCA дал ей влаÑÑÑ,
+коÑоÑой она добивалаÑÑ.</p>
<p>
Ðа ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ SPA, ÑÑо на Ñамом деле
ÑаÑÑиÑÑовÑваеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº “ÐÑÑоÑиаÑиÑ
@@ -284,8 +298,8 @@
ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑой; неоÑиÑиалÑно, он дейÑÑвÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
ÑаковаÑ. ÐÑименÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑодÑ,
напоминаÑÑие бÑлой СовеÑÑкий СоÑз, он
пÑиглаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей доноÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвоиÑ
ÑоÑÑÑдников и знакомÑÑ
. Ð Ñ
оде кампании
ÑеÑÑоÑа, пÑоводивÑейÑÑ BSA в
-ÐÑгенÑине в 2001 годÑ, вÑдвигалиÑÑ Ñлегка
пÑикÑÑÑÑе ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
-лÑдÑми, обменивавÑимиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами.</p>
+ÐÑгенÑине в 2001 годÑ, вÑдвигалиÑÑ Ñлегка
пÑикÑÑÑÑе ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð²
+ÑÑÑÑме над лÑдÑми, обменивавÑимиÑÑ
пÑогÑаммами.</p>
<p>
ÐÑавила безопаÑноÑÑи ÑÑебного заведениÑ,
опиÑаннÑе вÑÑе, не
@@ -319,30 +333,46 @@
<h3 id="BadNews">ÐлоÑ
ие новоÑÑи</h3>
<p>
-ÐиÑва за пÑаво пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ñже идеÑ. ÐÑаг
оÑганизован, а Ð¼Ñ — неÑ,
-Ñак ÑÑо в ÑÑом Ð¼Ñ Ñлабее. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑи о Ñом
плоÑ
ом, ÑÑо пÑоизоÑло Ñо вÑемени
-пеÑвонаÑалÑной пÑбликаÑии ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи.</p>
+ÐиÑва за пÑаво пÑоÑеÑÑÑ Ñже ÑазÑгÑÑваеÑÑÑ.
ÐÑаг оÑганизован, а
+Ð¼Ñ — неÑ, Ñак ÑÑо в ÑÑом Ð¼Ñ Ñлабее.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑнеÑние коммеÑÑеÑкие ÑлекÑÑоннÑе книги
<a
+href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> ÑпÑазднÑÑÑ
ÑÑадиÑионнÑе
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑаÑелей</a>. ÐÑодÑÐºÑ Amazon длÑ
ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ
книг, коÑоÑÑй Ñ
+назÑÐ²Ð°Ñ “<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Amazon Swindle</span>
+(надÑваÑелÑÑÑво Amazon)” из-за Ñого, ÑÑо он
ÑпÑоекÑиÑован Ñак, ÑÑобÑ
+обманом лиÑаÑÑ ÑиÑаÑелей ÑÑадиÑионнÑÑ
Ñвобод ÑиÑаÑелей книг, ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+ÑпÑавлением пÑогÑамм, в коÑоÑÑÑ
бÑли
пÑодемонÑÑÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко <a
+href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">оÑÑÑлловÑкиÑ
ÑеÑÑ</a>. ÐÑбой
+из ниÑ
доÑÑаÑоÑно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ
оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого пÑодÑкÑа:</p>
<ul>
-<li>ÐÑнеÑние коммеÑÑеÑкие ÑлекÑÑоннÑе
книги <a
-href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">ÑпÑазднÑÑÑ
ÑÑадиÑионнÑе ÑвободÑ
-ÑиÑаÑелей.</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">
-СайÑ-“ÑÑебник по биологии”</a>, доÑÑÑп
к коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
-полÑÑиÑÑ, ÑолÑко еÑли подпиÑиÑе <a
-href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±
Ñом, ÑÑо
-Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ одолжиÑе его Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´ÑÑгомÑ</a>,
пÑиÑем издаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑаÑÑоÑгнÑÑÑ
-ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ, когда пожелаеÑ.</li>
-<li><a
-href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/">ÐлекÑÑоннаÑ
-пÑбликаÑиÑ</a>: ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¾ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении
книг в ÑлекÑÑонном виде и вопÑоÑаÑ
-авÑоÑÑкого пÑава, каÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
пÑоÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ.</li>
-<li><a
-href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">
-Ðниги внÑÑÑи компÑÑÑеÑов:</a> пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ñого, кÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ
-книги и докÑменÑÑ Ð½Ð° пеÑÑоналÑном
компÑÑÑеÑе.</li>
+<li><p>Ðн ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑем, ÑÑо делаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑ: докладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ Ñом, какÑÑ
книгÑ
+и какÑÑ ÑÑÑаниÑÑ ÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ,
докладÑваеÑ, когда полÑзоваÑелÑ
+подÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ обо вÑеÑ
замеÑкаÑ
,
коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>Рнем еÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление
огÑаниÑениÑми, пÑедназнаÑенное Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ даÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм обмениваÑÑÑÑ
копиÑми.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>Рнем еÑÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¹ÐºÐ°, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой
Amazon Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑÑеÑеÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
+ÑеÑи. Ð 2009 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑеÑла
ÑÑÑÑÑи копий <cite>1984</cite>
+ÐжоÑджа ÐÑÑÑлла.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>ÐÑли ÑÑо еÑе не доÑÑаÑоÑно
по-оÑÑÑлловÑки, Ñам еÑÑÑ ÑнивеÑÑалÑнаÑ
закладка,
+Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой Amazon Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑеÑи, Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
+Ñгодно Ñода гадоÑÑи.</p></li>
</ul>
+<p>ÐÑи ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении Amazon Ñакже ÑгнеÑаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей. УÑÑÑойÑÑво
+иденÑиÑиÑиÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸ запиÑÑваеÑ,
какие книги полÑзоваÑелÑ
+полÑÑаеÑ. Ðно Ñакже ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑобÑ
полÑзоваÑели ÑоглаÑалиÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+анÑиобÑеÑÑвеннÑй конÑÑакÑ, по коÑоÑомÑ
они не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñми Ñ
+дÑÑгими. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑовеÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ, ÑÑо еÑли
Ð±Ñ Ñ ÑоглаÑилÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñакой
+конÑÑакÑ, Ñо менÑÑим злом бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑиÑÑ
его и вÑе Ñавно обмениваÑÑÑÑ
+копиÑми; однако ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÑми, нам пÑежде вÑего не ÑледÑеÑ
+ÑоглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñакое.</p>
+
<p>ÐÑли Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
ие новоÑÑи
и ÑоздаваÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо Ñ
оÑоÑие
новоÑÑи, нам нÑжно оÑганизовÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸
боÑоÑÑÑÑ. ÐÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ <a
href="http://defectivebydesign.org">“ÐеÑекÑ
гаÑанÑиÑован”</a>
@@ -472,7 +502,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2016/07/01 04:58:38 $
+$Date: 2016/07/14 08:29:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/right-to-read.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/right-to-read.ru-en.html 1 Jul 2016 04:58:38 -0000 1.29
+++ po/right-to-read.ru-en.html 14 Jul 2016 08:29:20 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
<title>The Right to Read
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
@@ -166,64 +166,79 @@
<ul>
<li>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a
-repressive society shaped by the enemies that use “pirate” as
+repressive society shaped by the unjust forces that use “pirate” as
propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.
-I have tried to project it from today so as to sound even more
+I have tried to project it forwards into something more visibly
oppressive. See <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Piracy”</a>.
</li>
<li>
+<p>Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other
+kinds of published works) are known as DRM, short for
+“Digital Restrictions Management”. To
+eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has
+established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Defective by
+Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
<p>The following note has been updated several times since the first
publication of the story.</p>
<p>
-The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
-take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most
-of the specific laws and practices described above have already been
-proposed; many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In
-the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal
-basis to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and
-other works as well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions
-in a 2001 copyright directive. In France, under the DADVSI law
-adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program
-to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
-SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
-copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
-the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
-shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
-give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
-computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
-CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
-Programming Act”.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.
-They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
-press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
-the danger is once again higher.</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed “Free Trade”
Area of
-the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
-the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free
-trade treaties, which are actually designed to give business
-increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
-DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
-Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
-others.</p>
+The battle for the right to read is already being fought. Although it
+may take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific repressive laws and practices described above have
+already been proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and
+elsewhere. In the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act
+(DMCA) gave explicit government backing to the
+computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by making the
+distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime. The European
+Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, in a
+form not quite as strong.</p>
+
+<p>
+The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through
+so-called “free trade” treaties.
+<a href="https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html">
+Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a more fitting term for them, since
+they are designed to give business dominion over nominally democratic
+states. The DMCA's policy of criminalizing programs that
+break DRM is one of many unjust policies that these treaties impose
+across a wide range of fields.</p>
<p>
-Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
-as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
+The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, New
+Zealand, Panama, Colombia and South Korea through bilateral
agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
-treaty, CAFTA. Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
-“free trade” agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador
-had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.</p>
+treaty, CAFTA. Obama has escalated the campaign with two
+new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP. The TPP
+would impose the DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12 countries
+on the Pacific Ocean. The TTIP would impose similar
+strictures on Europe. Americans should demand their congressional
+representatives reject the attempt to approve the TPP in
+the lame-duck session after the 2016 election.</p>
+
+<p>
+With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door:
+Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software
+“upgrades,” even if users consider them rather to be
+downgrades. It can also order all machines running Vista to refuse to
+run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's clampdown on
+users was to impose DRM that users can't overcome.</p>
+
+<p>
+Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the
+copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an
+official part of the web specifications.</p>
+
+<p>
+Nonfree software tends to have <a href="/proprietary/">abusive
+features of many kinds</a>, which support the conclusion that
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">you can
+never trust a nonfree program</a>. We must insist on free (libre)
+software only, and reject nonfree programs.</p>
<p>
One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
@@ -232,15 +247,9 @@
them.</p>
<p>
-The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
-“trusted computing” and “Palladium”. We call
-it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
-computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
-companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
-implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
-Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme,
-it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but
-the FBI would have little trouble getting it.</p>
+The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium”, but as
+ultimately put into use, it is called “secure boot”.</p>
<p>
What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
@@ -248,34 +257,37 @@
signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
in your computer. This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
-the user can do on his own computer.</p>
-
-<p>
-Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
-can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running
-Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of
-Vista's many restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
-Management) that users can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we
-have established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">
-Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p>
-
-<p>
-When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
-Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
-all users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot
-afford to fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in
-Oakland, California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The
-SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the
-power they sought.</p>
-
-<p>
-The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association,
-has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
-Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official police force;
-unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods reminiscent of the
-erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform on their coworkers
-and friends. A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in 2001 made
-slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped.</p>
+the user can do on per own computer. Microsoft is likely to use that
+control on behalf of the FBI when asked: it
+already <a href="/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html">shows
+the NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit.</p>
+
+<p>
+Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to
+specify the signature key and decide what software to sign. In
+practice, PCs designed for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and
+whether the machine's owner can install any other system (such as
+GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's control. We call this <em>restricted
+boot</em>.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was
+threatening small Internet service providers, demanding they permit
+the SPA to monitor all users. Most ISPs surrendered when
+threatened, because they could not afford to fight back in court. One
+ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the demand
+and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit,
+but the DMCA gave it the power it sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers
+Association, has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
+Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official
+police force; unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods
+reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform
+on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in
+Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing
+software would be raped in prison.</p>
<p>
The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
@@ -307,26 +319,42 @@
<p>
The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
-Here are articles about bad things that have happened since the
-original publication of this article.</p>
+</p>
+
+<p>Today's commercial
+ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> abolish
+readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader product,
+which I call the “Amazon Swindle” because it's designed to
+swindle readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books,
+is run by software with several
+demonstrated <a href="/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html">Orwellian
+functionalities</a>. Any one of them calls for rejecting the product
+completely:</p>
<ul>
-<li>Today's commercial ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
- abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">
- A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access only by signing
- a <a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">
- contract not to lend it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can
- revoke at will.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/">Electronic
- Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
- electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
- a copy.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">Books
- inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
- books and documents on a PC.</li>
+<li><p>It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the
+user is reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights
+text, and any notes the user enters.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>It has DRM, which is intended to block users from
+sharing copies.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>It has a back door with which Amazon can remotely erase any book.
+In 2009, it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George Orwell.</p></li>
+
+<li><p>In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is a universal
+back door with which Amazon can remotely change the software, and
+introduce any other form of nastiness.</p></li>
</ul>
+<p>Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It identifies the
+user and records what books the user obtains. It also requires
+users to agree to an antisocial contract that they won't share copies
+with others. My conscience tells me that, if I had agreed to such a
+contract, the lesser evil would be to defy it and share copies
+anyway; however, to be entirely good, we should not agree to it in the
+first place.</p>
+
<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
to organize and fight. The
FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by Design</a>
@@ -432,7 +460,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/07/01 04:58:38 $
+$Date: 2016/07/14 08:29:20 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/right-to-read.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
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-"X-Outdated-Since: 2016-07-13 17:55+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -607,15 +606,6 @@
"— неÑ, Ñак ÑÑо в ÑÑом Ð¼Ñ Ñлабее."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Today's commercial ebooks <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"
-#| "\"> abolish readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader "
-#| "product, which I call the “Amazon Swindle” because it's "
-#| "designed to swindle readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of "
-#| "books, is run by software with several demonstrated <a href=\"/"
-#| "proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle.html\">Orwellian functionalities</a>. "
-#| "Any one of them calls for rejecting the product completely:"
msgid ""
"Today's commercial ebooks <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> "
"abolish readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader product, "
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