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Subject: |
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Fri, 24 Apr 2015 15:59:57 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 15/04/24 15:59:57
Modified files:
philosophy : basic-freedoms.el.html
philosophy/po : basic-freedoms.el.po right-to-read.el.po
right-to-read.translist
Added files:
philosophy : right-to-read.el.html
philosophy/po : basic-freedoms.el-en.html
right-to-read.el-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.el.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.el-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.el-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: basic-freedoms.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- basic-freedoms.el.html 20 Nov 2014 18:09:02 -0000 1.7
+++ basic-freedoms.el.html 24 Apr 2015 15:59:55 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,34 +1,29 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.el.po">
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.el.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value=""
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2004-06-07" -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/basic-freedoms.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>ÎλεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
ÎÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ΤÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ΣÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο- Το
-ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ</title>
+<title>ÎλεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο - ÎÏγο
+GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
-<h2>ÎλεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
ÎÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ΤÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ΣÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο</h2>
+<h2>ÎλεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο</h2>
<p>
- To ÎÎÎ (FSF) Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίζει ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
-ÏÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο. ΣαÏ
καλοÏμε να εÏιÏκεÏθείÏε:
+ To ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίζει ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
+ÏÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο. ΠαÏακαλοÏμε, εÏιÏκεÏθείÏε:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
- ÎÏοιαδήÏοÏε μÎÏα αÏο ÏÏÏα, Ïο ÎνÏÏαÏο
ÎικαÏÏήÏιο ÏÏν ÎΠΠμÏοÏεί να αναÏÏÎÏει
-Ïην αÏÏÏαÏη ÏοÏ
για αδίκο ανÏαγÏνιÏÎ¼Ï ÏηÏ
(CDA). ÎÏιÏκεÏθείÏε Ïην <a
-href="http://www.ciec.org/">Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition</a> για
Ïα
-ÏελεÏ
Ïαία νÎα ÏÏην Ï
ÏÏθεÏη.
+ H <a href="http://www.ciec.org/"> ΣÏ
μμαÏία για Ïη
ÎιαδικÏÏ
ακή ÎνδÏ
νάμÏÏη ÏÏν
+ΠολιÏÏν</a> (CIEC) δημιοÏ
Ïγήθηκε για να
ενανÏιÏθεί ÏÏην ÏÏÏÏη ÏÏοÏÏάθεια ÏοÏ
+ÎογκÏÎÏοÏ
να ÏÏ
θμίÏει Ïο Ï
Î»Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
δημοÏιεÏεÏαι ÏÏο ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο, Ïην
+Communications Decency Act (CDA), Ïην οÏοία Ïο ÎνÏÏαÏο
ÎικαÏÏήÏιο ÏÏν ÎÎ Î
+βÏήκε ανÏιÏÏ
νÏαγμαÏική ÏÏÎ¹Ï 26 ÎοÏ
νίοÏ
ÏοÏ
1997. ΠιÏÏοÏελίδα ÏοÏ
Ï
+διαÏηÏείÏαι ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± Ïηγή για Ïη μνημειÏÏη Ï
ÏÏθεÏη ÏÎ·Ï CDA.
</li>
<!-- removing this link.. site is dead as of June 07 2004
@@ -37,22 +32,23 @@
and their excellent announcement electronic mailing list.</li>
-->
<li>
- <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">ÎογοκÏίνονÏαÏ
Ïον GNU Emacs</a>
-ÏεÏιγÏάÏει ÏÏÏ Î· Communications Decency Act αÏαίÏηÏε
αÏο Ïο ÏÏÏÏÎ¶ÎµÎºÏ GNU να
-λογικÏίνει Ïον GNU Emacs--και ÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ
ÏαÏάδοξÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε Ïα ανÏίθεÏα
-αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα αÏο αÏ
Ïά ÏοÏ
οι λογοκÏιÏÎÏ
εÏιζηÏοÏÏαν.
+ Το <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">λογοκÏίνονÏαÏ
Ïον GNU
+Emacs</a> ÏεÏιγÏάÏει ÏÏÏ Î· Communications Decency Act
αÏαίÏηÏε αÏÏ Ïο ÎÏγο
+GNU να λογοκÏίνει Ïον GNU Emacs—και ÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ
ÏαÏαδÏξÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε Ïα
+ανÏίθεÏα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏα αÏÏ Î±Ï
Ïά ÏοÏ
εÏιζηÏοÏÏαν οι λογοκÏιÏÎÏ.
</li>
<li>
- <a href="http://www.factnet.org/">F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a> είναι ενα
-μη-κεÏδοÏκοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î´Î¹ÎºÏÏ
Î±ÎºÏ âÏÏνεÏ
ÏήÏιâ
ιδεÏν, είδηÏιογÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏακÏοÏείο,
-βιβλιοθήκη με αÏÏείο αÏιεÏÏμÎνο ÏÏην
ÏÏοβολή και ÏÏην ÏÏοÏÏαÏία ÏηÏ
-ÏαγκÏÏÎ¼Î¹Î±Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏÎ·Ï ÏκÎÏηÏ, ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
και ÏÏν αÏομικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν.
+ Το <a href="http://www.factnet.org/">F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a> είναι
Îνα
+μη-κεÏδοÏκοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎιαδικÏÏ
Î±ÎºÏ “ÏÏνεÏ
ÏήÏι” ιδεÏν, ειδηÏεογÏαÏικÏ
+ÏÏακÏοÏείο, βιβλιοθήκη, κÎνÏÏο διαλÏγοÏ
και αÏÏείο αÏιεÏÏμÎνο ÏÏην ÏÏοβολή
+και ÏÏην ÏÏοÏÏαÏία ÏÎ·Ï ÏαγκÏÏμιαÏ
ελεÏθεÏÎ·Ï ÏκÎÏηÏ, ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
και
+ÏÏν αÏομικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν.
</li>
<li>
- H <a href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html">Blue Ribbon Campaign</a>
για
-Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
διαδικÏÏ
Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ΤÏÏοÏ
και ÏοÏ
ΣÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι.
+ H <a href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html">καμÏάνια ÎÏλε
ÎολλάÏο</a> για
+Ïην online ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
λÏγοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏοÏ
και
ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νεÏαιÏίζεÏθαι.
</li>
<!-- removing this link.. site is dead as of June 07 2004
@@ -63,13 +59,13 @@
is <em>not</em> final! First, the Supreme Court will agree or disagree;
then Congress gets a chance to look for another method of
censorship.</li>
-->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">ΣÏζονÏÎ±Ï Ïην ÎÏ
ÏÏÏη αÏο ÏÎ¹Ï Î Î±ÏÎνÏεÏ
-ÎογιÏμικοÏ</a></li>
+<li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">ΣÏζονÏÎ±Ï Ïην ÎÏ
ÏÏÏη αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏÎνÏεÏ
+λογιÏμικοÏ</a></li>
<li>
<a href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">ÎÏγανιÏμοί</a>
οι οÏοίοι
-εÏγάζονÏαι για Ïην ÎλεÏ
θεÏία ÏÎ·Ï ÎνάÏÏÏ
Î¾Î·Ï ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν
-ΤηλεÏικοινÏνιÏν.
+εÏγάζονÏαι για Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏÏην ανάÏÏÏ
ξη Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν και ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î·Î»ÎµÎºÏÏονικÎÏ
+εÏικοινÏνίεÏ.
</li>
</ul>
@@ -105,30 +101,40 @@
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
-Îια ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏμÏ
και Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν αÏ
ÏοÏ
-ÏοÏ
άÏθÏοÏ
, ÏαÏακαλοÏμε δείÏε Ïο <a
href="/server/standards/README.
-translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï README</a>.</p>
+ÎÏγαζÏμαÏÏε ÏκληÏά και κάνοÏ
με Ï,Ïι
καλÏÏεÏο μÏοÏοÏμε για να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
με
+ακÏιβείÏ, ÎºÎ±Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏαÏÏάÏειÏ.
ΩÏÏÏÏο, δεν εξαιÏοÏμαÏÏε αÏÏ
+αÏÎλειεÏ. ΠαÏακαλοÏμε, ÏÏείλÏε Ïα ÏÏÏλιά
ÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏαÏαÏηÏήÏειÏ
+ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏεÏικά με αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p><p>Îια
+ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹
Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν ÏÏν
+ιÏÏοÏελίδÏν μαÏ, δείÏε Ïο <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎ</a>.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
-ÎογιÏμικοÏ, Inc.</p>
+<p>ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+2004, 2007, 2014 ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ, Inc.</p>
<p>ÎÏ
Ïή η Ïελίδα διαÏίθεÏαι Ï
ÏÏ Ïην άδεια: <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.el">Creative
-Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 ÎνÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î Î¿Î»Î¹ÏείεÏ</a>.
+Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 Îδεια ÎνÏμÎνÏν
+ΠολιÏειÏν</a>.
</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.el.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ÎεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά: Yiannis Valassakis <<a
-href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>></div>
+<p><strong>ÎÏÏική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong> <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">Yiannis Valassakis</a> (2001)
+<br/>ΣÏ
νÏήÏηÏη / εÏικαιÏοÏοίηÏη: <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/gzarkadas">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î.
ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a>
+(2015)
+</p></div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2014/11/20 18:09:02 $
+$Date: 2015/04/24 15:59:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/basic-freedoms.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/basic-freedoms.el.po 24 Apr 2015 15:38:50 -0000 1.5
+++ po/basic-freedoms.el.po 24 Apr 2015 15:59:56 -0000 1.6
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-24 11:53+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Georgios Zarkadas <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Greek <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: el\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Language: el\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.6.10\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: po/right-to-read.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/right-to-read.el.po 24 Apr 2015 15:37:56 -0000 1.1
+++ po/right-to-read.el.po 24 Apr 2015 15:59:57 -0000 1.2
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
msgid "The Right to Read"
msgstr "Το δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη"
-# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
@@ -819,7 +818,6 @@
"είναι: “Business Software Alliance”.</li>\n"
"</ol>"
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
@@ -834,7 +832,6 @@
"Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î¿ÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να
ÏÏαλοÏν ÏÏο <a href=\"mailto:"
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -884,7 +881,6 @@
"<p><strong>ÎÏÏική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong>
<a href=\"http://savannah."
"gnu.org/users/gzarkadas\">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î. ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a>
(2015).</p>"
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
Index: po/right-to-read.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- po/right-to-read.translist 23 May 2014 06:34:59 -0000 1.11
+++ po/right-to-read.translist 24 Apr 2015 15:59:57 -0000 1.12
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.cs.html">Äesky</a> [cs]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="el" hreflang="el"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fi" hreflang="fi"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fi.html">suomi</a> [fi]</span>
Index: right-to-read.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: right-to-read.el.html
diff -N right-to-read.el.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ right-to-read.el.html 24 Apr 2015 15:59:56 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Το δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη - ÎÏγο GNU -
ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<h2>Το δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη</h2>
+
+<p>
+αÏÏ Ïον <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<blockquote class="note">
+<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">ÎγγÏαÏείÏε
ÏÏη λίÏÏα
+ÏαÏÏ
δÏομείοÏ
ÏÏεÏικά με ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ¹Î½Î´ÏνοÏ
Ï
ÏÏν η-βιβλίÏν</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+<em>Το άÏθÏο αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¼ÏανίÏÏηκε ÏÏο ÏεÏÏοÏ
ΦεβÏοÏ
αÏίοÏ
1997 ÏοÏ
+<strong>ÎÏικοινÏÎ½Î¯ÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï ACM</strong> (ΤÏÎ¼Î¿Ï 40,
ÎÏιθμÏÏ 2).</em></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ ÎÏÏ Ïο <cite>ΠδÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïο ΤÏÏο</cite>,
μια ÏÏ
λλογή άÏθÏÏν ÏÏεÏικά με
+ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏογÏνοÏ
Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î£ÎµÎ»Î·Î½Î¹Î±ÎºÎ®Ï
ÎÏανάÏÏαÏηÏ, δημοÏιεÏ
μÎνο ÏÏην Î Ïλη ÏηÏ
+Î£ÎµÎ»Î®Î½Î·Ï Ïο ÎÏÎ¿Ï 2096.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Îια Ïον Dan Halbert, ο δÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÎ¿Ï Ïο ΤÏÏο άÏÏιÏε
ÏÏο κολλÎγιο—ÏÏαν η
+Lissa Lenz ÏοÏ
ζήÏηÏε να δανειÏÏεί Ïον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή ÏοÏ
. ΠδικÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î®Ïαν
+ÏαλαÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÎºÎ¹ αν δε μÏοÏοÏÏε να δανειÏÏεί
κάÏοιον άλλο, θα αÏοÏÏγÏανε ÏÏην
+ενδιάμεÏη εÏγαÏία ÏηÏ. Îεν Ï
ÏήÏÏε κανείÏ
ÏοÏ
να ÏολμοÏÏε να ζηÏήÏει κάÏι
+ÏÎÏοιο, εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïον Dan.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏ
ÏÏ Îβαλε Ïον Dan Ïε δίλημμα. ÎÏÏεÏε να Ïη
βοηθήÏει—αλλά αν ÏηÏ
+δάνειζε Ïον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή ÏοÏ
, μÏοÏεί εκείνη
να διάβαζε Ïα βιβλία ÏοÏ
. ÎκÏÏÏ
+αÏÏ Ïο γεγονÏÏ ÏÏι θα μÏοÏοÏÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏ
λακή για Ïολλά ÏÏÏνια αν άÏηνεÏ
+κάÏοιον άλλο να διαβάÏει Ïα βιβλία ÏοÏ
, η
ίδια η ιδÎα Ïον ÏοκάÏιÏε αÏÏικά.
+ÎÏÏÏ ÎºÎ¹ Ïλοι οι άλλοι, είÏε διδαÏÏεί ÏÏο
δημοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏι ο διαμοιÏαÏμÏÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Ïν
+ήÏαν άÏÏÎ·Î¼Î¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ λάθοϗκάÏι ÏοÏ
μÏνο οι
ÏειÏαÏÎÏ Î¸Î± Îκαναν.</p>
+
+<p>
+Îαι δεν Ï
ÏήÏÏε μεγάλη ÏιθανÏÏηÏα ÏÏι η
SPA<sup><a
+href="#TransNote1">[1]</a></sup>—η ÎÏÏή Î ÏοÏÏαÏίαÏ
ÎογιÏμικοϗθα
+αÏοÏÏÏαινε να Ïον ÏιάÏει. ΣÏην Ïάξη
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
, ο Dan Îμαθε ÏÏι κάθε
+βιβλίο είÏε Îνα καÏαγÏαÏÎα ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν
δικαιÏμάÏÏν ÏοÏ
ανÎÏεÏε ÏÏÏε και ÏοÏ
+διαβαζÏÏαν, και αÏÏ Ïοιον, ÏÏην ÎενÏÏική
ÎδειοδÏÏηÏη. (ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏαν αÏ
Ïή
+Ïην ÏληÏοÏοÏία για να ÏιάνοÏ
ν ÏειÏαÏÎÏ
ανάγνÏÏηÏ, αλλά και για να ÏοÏ
λοÏν
+ÏÏοÏίλ ÏÏοÏÏÏικÏν ενδιαÏεÏÏνÏÏν ÏÏιÏ
εÏαιÏÎµÎ¯ÎµÏ Î»Î¹Î±Î½Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï.) Την εÏÏμενη ÏοÏά
+ÏοÏ
ο Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
θα ÏÏ
νδεÏÏαν ÏÏο
δίκÏÏ
ο, η ÎενÏÏική ÎδειοδÏÏηÏη θα Ïο
+μάθαινε. ÎÏ
ÏÏÏ, ÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏήÏÎ·Ï Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή,
θα δεÏÏÏαν Ïη ÏκληÏÏÏεÏη
+ÏιμÏÏία—για Ïη μη-λήÏη εκÏεÏαμÎνÏν
μÎÏÏÏν για Ïην αÏοÏÏοÏή ÏοÏ
+εγκλήμαÏοÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ΦÏ
Ïικά η Lissa δεν ÏκÏÏεÏ
ε αÏαÏαίÏηÏα να
διαβάÏει Ïα βιβλία ÏοÏ
. ÎÏοÏεί
+αÏλά να ήθελε Ïον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή μÏνο για να
γÏάÏει Ïην ενδιάμεÏη εÏγαÏία ÏηÏ.
+Îλλά ο Dan ήξεÏε ÏÏι αÏ
Ïή ÏÏοεÏÏÏÏαν αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î±
οικογÎνεια ÏÎ·Ï Î¼ÎµÏÎ±Î¯Î±Ï ÏάξηÏ
+και ίÏα ÏοÏ
μÏοÏοÏÏε να εξÏ
ÏηÏεÏήÏει Ïα
δίδακÏÏά ÏηÏ, ÏÏÏο μάλλον Ïα ÏÎλη
+ανάγνÏÏÎ®Ï ÏηÏ. Το να διαβάÏει Ïα βιβλία ÏοÏ
μÏοÏεί να ήÏαν ο μÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏοÏ
+γι' αÏ
Ïήν να αÏοÏοιÏήÏει. ÎαÏαλάβαινε αÏ
Ïή
Ïην καÏάÏÏαÏη· είÏε αναγκαÏÏεί ο
+Î¯Î´Î¹Î¿Ï Î½Î± δανειÏÏεί για να μÏοÏÎÏει να
ÏληÏÏÏει ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏεÏ
νηÏικÎÏ ÎµÏγαÏίεÏ
+ÏοÏ
διάβαÏε. (ÎÎκα ÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÎµÎºÎ±ÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î± Ïα
ÏÎλη Ïήγαινε ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÏεÏ
νηÏÎÏ
+ÏοÏ
ÎγÏαÏαν ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏγαÏίεÏ· καθÏÏ Î¿ Dan ÏκÏÏεÏ
ε Ïε ακαδημαÏκή καÏιÎÏα,
+μÏοÏοÏÏε να ελÏίζει ÏÏι οι δικÎÏ ÏοÏ
εÏεÏ
νηÏικÎÏ ÎµÏγαÏίεÏ, αν αναÏεÏÏÏαν
+ÏÏ
Ïνά, θα ÏοÏ
ÎÏεÏναν αÏκεÏÏ ÎµÎ¹ÏÏδημα για
να ξεÏληÏÏÏει Ïο Î´Î¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏγÏÏεÏα, ο Dan θα μάθαινε ÏÏι Ï
ÏήÏÏε μια
εÏοÏή ÏÏοÏ
ο καθÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏÏε να
+Ïάει ÏÏη βιβλιοθήκη και να διαβάÏει άÏθÏα
εÏιÏÏημονικÏν ÏεÏιοδικÏν, ακÏμη
+και βιβλία, ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏειάζεÏαι να
ÏληÏÏÏει. Î¥ÏήÏÏαν ανεξάÏÏηÏοι μελεÏηÏÎÏ
+ÏοÏ
διάβαζαν ÏÎ¹Î»Î¹Î¬Î´ÎµÏ ÏελίδÏν ÏÏÏίÏ
εÏιδοÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην
+κÏ
βÎÏνηÏη. Îλλά ÏÏη δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
1990, ÏÏÏο
οι εμÏοÏικοί ÏÏο και οι
+μη-κεÏδοÏκοÏικοί εκδÏÏÎµÏ ÎµÏιÏÏημονικÏν
ÏεÏιοδικÏν άÏÏιÏαν να ÏÏεÏνοÏ
ν ÏÎλη
+ÏÏÏÏβαÏηÏ. ÎÏÏ Ïο 2047, οι Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏεÏαν ελεÏθεÏη δημÏÏια
+ÏÏÏÏβαÏη ÏÏην εÏιÏÏημονική βιβλιογÏαÏία
ήÏαν μια αÏνή ανάμνηÏη.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν, ÏÏ
Ïικά, ÏÏÏÏοι να αÏοÏÏγει
ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïην SPA και Ïην ÎενÏÏική
+ÎδειοδÏÏηÏη. Îίναι ÏμÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¼Ïνοι ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏαÏάνομοι. Î Dan είÏε Îνα
+ÏÏ
μÏοιÏηÏή ÏÏο λογιÏμικÏ, Ïον Frank Martucci, ÏοÏ
είÏε αÏοκÏήÏει Îνα
+ÏαÏάνομο εÏγαλείο αÏοÏÏαλμάÏÏÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏε ÏÏο να ÏαÏακάμÏÏει
+Ïον καÏαγÏαÏÎα ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν
ÏÏαν διάβαζε βιβλία. Îλλά είÏε Ïει
+γι' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïε ÏάÏα ÏολλοÏÏ ÏίλοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ¹ ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ
εκείνοÏ
Ï Ïον καÏÎδÏÏε ÏÏην SPA
+για μια αμοιβή (οι ÏοιÏηÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
ήÏαν βαθιά
βÏ
θιÏμÎνοι ÏÏο ÏÏÎÎ¿Ï ÎμÏαιναν
+εÏκολα ÏÏον ÏειÏαÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏοδοÏίαÏ). Το 2047
ο Frank ήÏαν ÏÏη ÏÏ
λακή, ÏÏι
+για ÏειÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î´Î¹Î¬Î²Î±Ïμα, αλλά για καÏοÏή
ενÏÏ Î±ÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏÏή.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î Dan θα μάθαινε αÏγÏÏεÏα ÏÏι Ï
ÏήÏÏε μια
εÏοÏή ÏÏοÏ
ο καθÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏÏε να
+ÎÏει εÏγαλεία αÏοÏÏαλμάÏÏÏηÏ. Î¥ÏήÏÏαν
ακÏμη κι ελεÏθεÏα εÏγαλεία
+αÏοÏÏαλμάÏÏÏÎ·Ï Ïε CD ή δÏ
ναÏÏν να
μεÏαÏοÏÏÏθοÏν αÏÏ Ïο δίκÏÏ
ο. Îλλά οι
+ÏÏ
νηθιÏμÎνοι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î¬ÏÏιÏαν να Ïα
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν για να ÏÏοÏÏεÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏοÏ
Ï
+καÏαγÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν και
Ïελικά ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´Î¹ÎºÎ±ÏÏÎ®Ï Î±ÏοÏάÏιÏε ÏÏι
+αÏ
Ïή είÏε γίνει η καÏεξοÏήν ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏÏην καθημεÏινή ÏÏακÏική. ÎÏ
ÏÏ
+Ïήμαινε ÏÏι ήÏαν ÏαÏάνομοι· οι
ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏÏν αÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏÏÏν
ÏÏάλθηκαν
+ÏÏη ÏÏ
λακή.</p>
+
+<p>
+ΦÏ
Ïικά, οι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÎµÎ¾Î±ÎºÎ¿Î»Î¿Ï
θοÏÏαν
να ÏÏειάζονÏαι εÏγαλεία
+αÏοÏÏαλμάÏÏÏηÏ, αλλά οι ÏÏομηθεÏ
ÏÎÏ
αÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏÏÏν Ïο 2047 διÎνειμαν μÏνο
+αÏιθμημÎνα ανÏίγÏαÏα και μÏνο Ïε εÏίÏημα
αδειοδοÏημÎνοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεÏμεÏ
μÎνοÏ
Ï
+ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ. ΠαÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏε ο Dan ÏÏο μάθημα
+λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎºÏαÏοÏνÏαν ÏίÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Îνα ειδικÏ
ÏείÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏοÏÏαÏίαÏ, ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να
+μÏοÏεί να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιηθεί μÏνο για
αÏκήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
μαθήμαÏοÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏαν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î´Ï
ναÏÏν να ÏÏοÏÏεÏάÏει κανείÏ
ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±ÏαγÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν
+δικαιÏμάÏÏν με Ïην εγκαÏάÏÏαÏη ενÏÏ
ÏÏοÏοÏοιημÎνοÏ
ÏÏ
Ïήνα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ. Î Dan
+Ïελικά θα ανακάλÏ
ÏÏε για ÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
Ï
ÏÏ
ÏήνεÏ, ακÏμη και Ïα ελεÏθεÏα
+λειÏοÏ
Ïγικά ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏήÏÏαν καÏά
Ïην αλλαγή ÏοÏ
αιÏνα. Îλλά ÏÏι μÏνο
+ήÏαν ÏαÏάνομα, ÏÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹
αÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏÏÎϗδεν μÏοÏοÏÏαÏε να
εγκαÏαÏÏήÏεÏε
+Îναν ακÏμη κι αν είÏαÏε, ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± γνÏÏίζεÏε
Ïον ÏÎ¹Î¶Î¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή
+ÏαÏ. Îαι οÏÏε Ïο <abbr title= "Federal Bureau of
Investigation">FBI</abbr>
+οÏÏε η Î¥ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ÏÎ·Ï Microsoft θα ÏÎ±Ï Ïον
Îδινε.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î Dan καÏÎληξε ÏÏο ÏÏ
μÏÎÏαÏμα ÏÏι δεν θα
μÏοÏοÏÏε αÏλά να δανείÏει Ïον
+Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή ÏοÏ
ÏÏη Lissa. Îλλά δεν μÏοÏοÏÏε
να αÏνηθεί να Ïη βοηθήÏει,
+γιαÏί Ïην αγαÏοÏÏε. Îάθε εÏ
καιÏία να
μιλήÏει μαζί ÏÎ·Ï Ïον γÎμιζε με
+αÏÏλαÏ
Ïη. Îαι Ïο ÏÏι εκείνη διάλεξε αÏ
ÏÏν
για να ζηÏήÏει βοήθεια, αÏ
ÏÏ
+μÏοÏεί να Ïήμαινε ÏÏι κι εκείνη Ïον
αγαÏοÏÏε εÏίÏηÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î Dan ÎλÏ
Ïε Ïο δίλημμα κάνονÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι ακÏμη
Ïιο αδιανÏηÏο—ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ïε
+Ïον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή και ÏÎ·Ï ÎδÏÏε Ïον κÏδικÏ
ÏÏÏÏβαÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
εÏίÏηÏ. Îε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïον
+ÏÏÏÏο, εάν η Lissa διάβαζε Ïα βιβλία ÏοÏ
, η
ÎενÏÏική ÎδειοδÏÏηÏη θα νÏμιζε
+ÏÏι Ïα διάβαζε αÏ
ÏÏÏ. ÎξακολοÏ
θοÏÏε να
είναι Îνα Îγκλημα, αλλά η SPA δεν θα
+μάθαινε αÏ
ÏÏμαÏα γι' αÏ
ÏÏ. Îα Ïο ανακάλÏ
ÏÏαν μÏνο αν η Lissa Ïον ανÎÏεÏε.</p>
+
+<p>
+ΦÏ
Ïικά, αν η ÏÏολή ανακάλÏ
ÏÏε ÏοÏÎ ÏÏι είÏε
δÏÏει ÏÏη Lissa Ïον Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
+κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏβαÏηÏ, θα Ïήμαινε Ïο ÏÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏηÏ
ÏοιÏηÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏÏαδιοδÏÎ¿Î¼Î¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν
+δÏ
ο, ανεξάÏÏηÏα αÏÏ Ïην εÏγαÏία για Ïην
οÏοία θα Ïον είÏε εκείνη
+ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει. Î ÏολιÏική ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏολήÏ
ήÏαν ÏÏι οÏοιαδήÏοÏε ÏαÏενÏÏληÏη ÏÏν
+ÏÏÏÏÏν ÏοÏ
διÎθεÏαν για να καÏαγÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ ÏÏν ÏοιÏηÏÏν ÏοÏ
Ï
+ήÏαν λÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏειθαÏÏική δÏάÏη. Îεν είÏε
ÏημαÏία αν ÎÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïι
+εÏιζήμιο—Ïο αδίκημα ήÏαν Ïο ÏÏι
καθιÏÏοÏÏÎµÏ Î´ÏÏκολο για ÏοÏ
Ï
+διαÏειÏιÏÏÎÏ Î½Î± Ïε ελÎγξοÏ
ν. Î¥ÏÎθεÏαν ÏÏι
αÏ
ÏÏ Ïήμαινε ÏÏÏ ÎÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïι άλλο
+ÏοÏ
ήÏαν αλλιÏÏ Î±ÏαγοÏεÏ
μÎνο, και δεν
ÏÏειαζÏÏαν να ξÎÏοÏ
ν Ïι είναι αÏ
ÏÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Îι ÏοιÏηÏÎÏ ÏÏ
νήθÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ αÏοβάλλονÏαν γι' αÏ
ÏÏ—ÏÏι άμεÏα. ÎνÏιθÎÏÏÏ,
+αÏοκλείονÏαν αÏÏ Ïλα Ïα Ï
ÏολογιÏÏικά ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏολήÏ, και Ïελικά
+αÏοÏÏÏαιναν Ïε Ïλα ÏοÏ
Ï Ïα μαθήμαÏα.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏγÏÏεÏα, ο Dan θα μάθαινε ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
είδοÏ
Ï Î· ÏανεÏιÏÏημιακή ÏολιÏική
+άÏÏιÏε μÏνο καÏά Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
1980, ÏÏαν
οι ÏανεÏιÏÏημιακοί ÏοιÏηÏÎÏ
+ξεκίνηÏαν Ïε μεγάλοÏ
Ï Î±ÏιθμοÏÏ Î½Î±
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ. Î ÏοηγοÏ
μÎνÏÏ
+Ïα ÏανεÏιÏÏήμια διαÏηÏοÏÏαν μια
διαÏοÏεÏική ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη ÏÏον αÏοÏά Ïην
+ÏειθαÏÏία ÏÏν ÏοιÏηÏÏν· ÏιμÏÏοÏÏαν
δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
ήÏαν εÏιζήμιεÏ, ÏÏι
+ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
αÏλά δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏαν Ï
ÏοÏίεÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î Lissa δεν ανÎÏεÏε Ïον Dan ÏÏην SPA. ΠαÏÏÏαÏή
ÏοÏ
να Ïη βοηθήÏει οδήγηÏε
+ÏÏο γάμο ÏοÏ
Ï, κι εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÏοÏ
Ï Î¿Î´Î®Î³Î·Ïε να
αμÏιÏβηÏήÏοÏ
ν αÏ
Ïά ÏοÏ
είÏαν μάθει
+για Ïην ÏειÏαÏεία ÏÏ Ïαιδιά. Το ζεÏ
γάÏι
άÏÏιÏε να διαβάζει για Ïην ιÏÏοÏία
+ÏÏν ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν, για Ïη
ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη και ÏοÏ
Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ
+ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏην ανÏιγÏαÏή, κι ακÏμη και Ïο αÏÏικÏ
ΣÏνÏαγμα ÏÏν ÎνÏμÎνÏν ΠολιÏειÏν.
+ÎεÏακÏμιÏαν ÏÏη Σελήνη, ÏÏοÏ
βÏήκαν κι
άλλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
είÏαν ÏαÏÏμοια διαÏÏγει
+αÏÏ Ïο μακÏÏ ÏÎÏι ÏÎ·Ï SPA. ÎÏαν η εξÎγεÏÏη
ÏοÏ
ΤÏÏο άÏÏιÏε Ïο 2062, Ïο
+ÏαγκÏÏμιο δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη Îγινε
ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎµÎ½ÏÏικοÏÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="AuthorsNote">ΣημειÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎα</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>ÎÏ
Ïή η ιÏÏοÏία Ï
ÏοÏίθεÏαι ÏÏι είναι Îνα
ιÏÏοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¬ÏθÏο ÏοÏ
θα γÏαÏεί ÏÏο
+μÎλλον αÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïοιον άλλο, ÏεÏιγÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Ïη
νιÏÏη ÏοÏ
Dan Halbert κάÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î±
+καÏαÏιεÏÏική κοινÏνία διαμοÏÏÏμÎνη αÏÏ
ÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÏθÏοÏÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïον
+“ÏειÏαÏή” ÏÏ ÏÏοÏαγάνδα. ÎÏÏι
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί Ïην οÏολογία εκείνηÏ
+ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ. Î ÏοÏÏάθηÏα να Ïην ÏÏοβάλÏ
αÏÏ Ïο ÏήμεÏα, ÏÏÏε να ακοÏγεÏαι
+ακÏμη Ïιο καÏαθλιÏÏική. ÎείÏε <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Î
ειÏαÏεία”</a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>ÎÏ
Ïή η ÏημείÏÏη ÎÏει ενημεÏÏθεί αÏκεÏÎÏ
ÏοÏÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην ÏÏÏÏη δημοÏίεÏ
Ïη ÏηÏ
+ιÏÏοÏίαÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Το δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη είναι μια μάÏη
ÏοÏ
μαίνεÏαι ÏήμεÏα. ΠαÏÏλο ÏοÏ
+μÏοÏεί να ÏÏειαÏÏοÏν ακÏμη και 50 ÏÏÏνια
ÏÏιν ο ÏÏÏινÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¶ÏÎ®Ï Î¼Î±Ï Î½Î±
+ξεθÏÏιάÏει μÎÏα ÏÏην αÏάνεια, οι
ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνοÏ
Ï Î½ÏμοÏ
Ï
+και ÏÏακÏικÎÏ ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιγÏάÏηκαν ÏαÏαÏάνÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν ήδη ÏÏοÏαθεί· Ïολλοί ÎÏοÏ
ν
+θεÏÏιÏÏεί ÏÏ Î½Î¿Î¼Î¿Î¸ÎµÏία ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÎΠΠκαι αλλοÏ.
ΣÏÎ¹Ï ÎÎ Î, η Î Ïάξη ΠνεÏ
μαÏικÏν
+ÎικαιÏμάÏÏν ÏÎ·Ï Î¨Î·ÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÎ®Ï Î§Î¹Î»Î¹ÎµÏÎ¯Î±Ï (DMCA<sup><a
+href="#TransNote2">[2]</a></sup>) εγκαθίδÏÏ
Ïε Ïη νομική
βάÏη ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏ
+ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δανειÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏν
ÏηÏιοÏοιημÎνÏν βιβλίÏν (και άλλÏν ÎÏγÏν
+εÏίÏηÏ). Î ÎÏ
ÏÏÏαÏκή ÎνÏÏη εÏÎβαλλε
ÏαÏÏμοιοÏ
Ï ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏÏ Î¼Îµ μια Îδηγία
+ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν ÏοÏ
2001. ΣÏη
Îαλλία, Ï
ÏÏ Ïο νÏμο DADVSI ÏοÏ
+θεÏÏίÏÏηκε Ïο 2006, η αÏλή καÏοÏή ενÏÏ
ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ÏοÏ
DeCSS, ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
+ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοκÏÏ
ÏÏογÏάÏηÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¯Î½Ïεο Ïε
Îνα DVD, είναι Îγκλημα. </p>
+
+<p>
+Το 2001 ο ÏÏημαÏοδοÏοÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïη Disney ÎεÏοÏ
ÏιαÏÏÎ®Ï Hollings ÏÏÏÏεινε Îνα
+νομοÏÏÎδιο αÏοκαλοÏμενο SSSCA ÏοÏ
θα
αÏαιÏοÏÏε αÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ νÎο Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή να
+ÎÏει Ï
ÏοÏÏεÏÏικÎÏ Î¹ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοÏ
ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
ο ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ θα
+μÏοÏοÏÏε να ÏÏοÏÏεÏάÏει. ÎκολοÏ
θÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο
ÏÏÎ¹Ï Clipper και ÏαÏÏμοιεÏ
+ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± εμÏίÏÏεÏ
Ïη κλειδιÏν ÏÏην κÏ
βÎÏνηÏη ÏÏν ÎÎ Î, αÏ
ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ¯Ïνει μια
+μακÏÏÏÏονη ÏάÏη: Ïα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν
διαμοÏÏÏνονÏαι Ïλο και ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο
+ÏÏο να δίνοÏ
ν Ïε αÏÏνÏÎµÏ Î¼Îµ δÏναμη Ïον
ÎλεγÏο ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
+ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïο Ï
ÏολογιÏÏικÏ
ÏÏÏÏημα. Το νομοÏÏÎδιο SSSCA
+μεÏονομάÏÏηκε αÏγÏÏεÏα ÏÏο γλÏÏÏοδÎÏη
CBDTPA, Ïο οÏοίο ÏÏολιάÏÏηκε ÏÏ Î·
+“ÎαÏανάλÏÏε Îα Îην Î ÏοÏÏαθήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± Î
ÏογÏαμμαÏίÏειÏ
+Î Ïάξη”.<sup><a href="#TransNote3">[3]</a></sup>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Îίγο αÏγÏÏεÏα, οι ΡεÏοÏ
μÏλικάνοι ÏήÏαν Ïον
ÎλεγÏο ÏÎ·Ï ÎεÏοÏ
ÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏν ÎÎ Î.
+Îίναι λιγÏÏεÏο διαÏÏ
νδεδεμÎνοι με Ïο ΧÏλÏ
γοÏ
Î½Ï Î±ÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï ÎημοκÏαÏικοÏÏ, κι
+ÎÏÏι δεν ÏίεÏαν για Ïην Ï
ιοθÎÏηÏη αÏ
ÏÏν
ÏÏν ÏÏοÏάÏεÏν. ΤÏÏα ÏοÏ
οι
+ÎημοκÏαÏικοί είναι Ïάλι ÏίÏÏ ÏÏον ÎλεγÏο,
ο κίνδÏ
Î½Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ξανά Ï
ÏηλÏÏεÏοÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Το 2001 οι ÎΠΠξεκίνηÏαν Ïην αÏÏÏειÏα να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν Ïην ÏÏοÏεινÏμενη
+ÏÏ
νθήκη ÏÎ·Ï ÎλεÏθεÏÎ·Ï Î ÎµÏιοÏÎ®Ï ÎμÏοÏίοÏ
ÏÎ·Ï ÎμεÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï (FTAA) για να
+εÏιβάλλοÏ
ν ÏοÏ
Ï Î¯Î´Î¹Î¿Ï
Ï ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÎ½ÎµÏ Ïε ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏιÏ
ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
ÎÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎμιÏÏαιÏίοÏ
. Î
+FTAA είναι μια αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏοκαλοÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏ
Î½Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
εμÏοÏίοÏ
, ÏοÏ
ÏÏην
+ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα είναι ÏÏεδιαÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± να
δίνοÏ
ν ÏÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏιÏειÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Ï
ξημÎνη
+ιÏÏÏ Î±ÏÎνανÏι Ïε δημοκÏαÏικÎÏ ÎºÏ
βεÏνήÏειÏ· εÏιβάλλονÏÎ±Ï Î½ÏμοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏÏ Î· DMCA
+είναι ÏÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±Ï
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏνεÏμαÏοÏ. Î FTAA εξοÏ
δεÏεÏÏθηκε εÏί ÏÎ·Ï Î¿Ï
ÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ
+Ïον Lula, Î ÏÏεδÏο ÏÎ·Ï ÎÏαζιλίαÏ, ο οÏοίοÏ
αÏÎÏÏιÏε Ïην ÏÏοαÏαίÏηÏη για Ïη
+DMCA και άλλοÏ
Ï Î½ÏμοÏ
Ï.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏε, οι ÎÎ Î ÎÏοÏ
ν εÏιβάλλει ÏαÏÏμοιεÏ
αÏαιÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏÏÏ Î·
+ÎÏ
ÏÏÏαλία και Ïο ÎÎµÎ¾Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼ÎÏÏ Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÏαÏικÏν
ÏÏ
μÏÏνιÏν “ελεÏθεÏοÏ
+εμÏοÏίοÏ
”, και Ïε ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏÏÏ Î· ÎÏÏÏα
Ρίκα μÎÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î·Ï ÏÏ
νθήκηÏ,
+ÏÎ·Ï CAFTA. Î Î ÏÏεδÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÎÏημεÏινοÏ, Correa,
αÏνήθηκε να Ï
ÏογÏάÏει μια
+ÏÏ
μÏÏνία “ελεÏθεÏοÏ
εμÏοÏίοÏ
” με ÏιÏ
ÎÎ Î, αλλά ÎÏÏ Î±ÎºÎ¿ÏÏει ÏÏι ο
+ÎÏημεÏινÏÏ Ï
ιοθÎÏηÏε κάÏι ανάλογο με Ïη DMCA
Ïο 2003.</p>
+
+<p>
+Îια αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¹Î´ÎÎµÏ ÏÏην ιÏÏοÏία δεν είÏε
ÏÏοÏαθεί ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα μÎÏÏι
+Ïο 2002. ÎÏ
Ïή είναι η ιδÎα ÏÏι Ïο <abbr>FBI</abbr>
και η Microsoft θα
+ÏÏλαγαν Ïα Ïιζικά ÏÏ
νθημαÏικά για ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏÏοÏÏÏικοÏÏ ÏÎ±Ï Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεν
+θα ÏÎ±Ï Î¬Ïηναν να Ïα αÏοκÏήÏεÏε.</p>
+
+<p>
+Îι Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎÏ Î±Ï
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν δÏÏει ονÏμαÏα ÏÏÏÏ
+“ÎμÏιÏÏη ÏληÏοÏοÏική” και “Î
αλλάδιο”. ÎÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Ïο
+αÏοκαλοÏμε <a
href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“εÏίβοÏ
λη
+ÏληÏοÏοÏική”</a> εÏειδή Ïο αÏοÏÎλεÏμα
είναι να κάνει Ïον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή
+ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± Ï
ÏηÏεÏεί εÏιÏειÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±ÎºÏμη και
μÎÏÏι Ïην ανÏ
Ïακοή και Ïην άÏνηÏη
+ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÏάÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏ Ï
λοÏοιήθηκε Ïο 2007 ÏÏ Ïμήμα
ÏÏν <a
+href="http://badvista.org/">Windows Vista</a>· ÏεÏιμÎνοÏ
με ÏÏι
και η Apple
+θα κάνει κάÏι ÏαÏÏμοιο. Σε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏήμα
είναι ο καÏαÏκεÏ
αÏÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
κÏαÏάει
+Ïον μÏ
ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏδικα, αλλά Ïο <abbr>FBI</abbr> θα
μÏοÏοÏÏε ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÏκολα να Ïον
+αÏοκÏήÏει.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
κÏαÏάει η Microsoft δεν είναι ακÏιβÏÏ
ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¼Ï
ÏÏικÏÏ ÎºÏδικÏÏ Î¼Îµ Ïην
+ÏαÏαδοÏιακή Îννοια· κανÎνα ÏÏÏÏÏÏο δεν
Ïον ÏληκÏÏολογεί ÏοÏÎ Ïε κάÏοιο
+ÏεÏμαÏικÏ. ÎνÏίθεÏα, είναι μια Ï
ÏογÏαÏή κι
Îνα κλειδί κÏÏ
ÏÏογÏάÏηÏÎ·Ï ÏοÏ
+ανÏιÏÏοιÏεί Ïε Îνα δεÏÏεÏο κλειδί αÏοθηκεÏ
μÎνο ÏÏον Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή ÏαÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏ
+εÏιÏÏÎÏει ÏÏη Microsoft, και δÏ
νηÏικά Ïε κάθε
ιÏÏοÏελίδα ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νεÏγάζεÏαι με
+Ïη Microsoft, Ïον Ï
ÏÎÏÏαÏο ÎλεγÏο ÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο Ïι
μÏοÏεί να κάνει ο ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï ÏÏον
+Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή.</p>
+
+<p>
+Τα Vista δίνοÏ
ν εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÏÏθεÏÎµÏ Î´Ï
νάμειÏ
ÏÏη Microsoft· για ÏαÏάδειγμα η
+Microsoft μÏοÏεί να εγκαθιÏÏά αναβαθμίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Îµ
βία, και μÏοÏεί να διαÏάξει
+ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼Î·ÏανÎÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν Ïα Vista να
αÏνηθοÏν να ÏÏÎξοÏ
ν Îναν
+ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο Î¿Î´Î·Î³Ï ÏÏ
ÏκεÏ
ήÏ. ΠκÏÏιοÏ
ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÏν ÏολλÏν ÏεÏιοÏιÏμÏν ÏÏν
+Vista είναι να εÏιβάλλοÏ
ν DRM<sup><a
href="#TransNote4">[4]</a></sup>
+(ÎιαÏείÏιÏη ΨηÏιακÏν ΠεÏιοÏιÏμÏν) ÏοÏ
οι
ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ θα μÏοÏοÏν να
+Ï
ÏεÏβοÏν. ΠαÏειλή ÏÏν DRM είναι ο λÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
δημιοÏ
ÏγήÏαμε Ïην καμÏάνια <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org"> ÎλαÏÏÏμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏÏ
ΣÏεδιαÏμÏ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏαν αÏ
Ïή η ιÏÏοÏία γÏάÏηκε για ÏÏÏÏη ÏοÏά,
η SPA<sup><a
+href="#TransNote1">[1]</a></sup> αÏειλοÏÏε μικÏοÏÏ
ÏαÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏηÏεÏιÏν
+ÎιαδικÏÏοÏ
(ISPs), αÏαιÏÏνÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± ÏηÏ
εÏιÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν να ÏαÏακολοÏ
θεί ÏλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
Ï
+ÏÏήÏÏεÏ. Îι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι ISPs ÏαÏαδÏθηκαν
ÏÏαν αÏειλήθηκαν, εÏειδή δεν
+μÏοÏοÏÏαν να ανÏÎξοÏ
ν Ïο κÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να
ÏολεμήÏοÏ
ν ÏÏο δικαÏÏήÏιο. ÎÎ½Î±Ï ISP,
+η εÏαιÏεία Community ConneXion ÏÏο ÎÎºÎ»Î±Î½Ï ÏηÏ
ÎαλιÏÏÏνια, αÏνήθηκε Ïην
+αÏαίÏηÏη και ÏÎ·Ï Îγινε μήνÏ
Ïη. Î SPA
αÏγÏÏεÏα ÏαÏαιÏήθηκε αÏÏ Ïην αγÏγή,
+αλλά ÏαÏÎλαβε Ïη DMCA, ÏοÏ
ÏοÏ
Ï ÎδÏÏε Ïην
ιÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
ήθελαν.</p>
+
+<p>
+Î SPA, ÏοÏ
ÏÏην ÏÏαγμαÏικÏÏηÏα αναÏÎÏεÏαι
ÏÏην ÎνÏÏη ÎκδοÏÏν ÎογιÏμικοÏ,
+ÎÏει ανÏικαÏαÏÏαθεί ÏÏον αÏÏÏ
νομικοÏ-ÏÏÏοÏ
ÏÏλο ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïη ΣÏ
μμαÏία
+ÎÏιÏειÏημαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (BSA<sup><a
href="#TransNote5">[5]</a></sup>). H
+BSA δεν είναι ÏήμεÏα μια εÏίÏημη αÏÏÏ
νομική
δÏναμη· ανεÏιÏήμÏÏ, ενεÏγεί ÏÏ
+ÏÎÏοια. ΧÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏδοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
θÏ
μίζοÏ
ν Ïην ÏÏÏÏεÏη ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη,
+ÏÏοÏκαλεί ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± δÏÏοÏ
ν
ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏοÏ
Ï
+ÏίλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
Ï. Îια καμÏάνια ÏÏομοκÏάÏηÏηÏ
ÏÏην ÎÏγενÏινή Ïο 2001 Îκανε
+ελαÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î»Ï
μμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î±ÏειλÎÏ ÏÏι ÏÏοι
άνθÏÏÏοι διαμοιÏάζονÏαν λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¸Î±
+βιάζονÏαν. </p>
+
+<p>
+Îι ÏολιÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎ±Î»ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏανεÏιÏÏημίοÏ
ÏοÏ
ÏεÏιγÏάÏηκαν ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î½Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι
+ÏανÏαÏÏικÎÏ. Îια ÏαÏάδειγμα, ο Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎ®Ï Ïε Îνα ÏανεÏιÏÏήμιο ÏηÏ
ÏεÏιοÏήÏ
+ÏοÏ
Σικάγο ÏÏÏβαλε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο μήνÏ
μα καÏά Ïην
εÏιβεβαίÏÏη ÏαÏ
ÏÏÏηÏÎ±Ï (login):</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Το ÏÏÏÏημα είναι για ÏÏήÏη μÏνο αÏÏ ÎµÎ¾Î¿Ï
ÏιοδοÏημÎνοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏεÏ. ÎÏομα ÏοÏ
+ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏÏίÏ
δικαιοδοÏία ή Ïε Ï
ÏÎÏβαÏη ÏηÏ
+δικαιοδοÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏÏκεινÏαι ÏÏην
ÏαÏακολοÏθηÏη και καÏαγÏαÏή ÏλÏν ÏÏν
+ενεÏγειÏν ÏοÏ
Ï Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏημα αÏÏ Ïο
ÏÏοÏÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ. ÎαÏά Ïην
+ÏαÏακολοÏθηÏη αÏÏμÏν ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïο
ÏÏÏÏημα με ακαÏάλληλο ÏÏÏÏο ή καÏά
+Ïη ÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ, οι
δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏÏν εξοÏ
ÏιοδοÏημÎνÏν
ÏÏηÏÏÏν
+μÏοÏεί εÏίÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ÏαÏακολοÏ
θοÏνÏαι.
ÎÏοιαÏδήÏοÏε ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο
+ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏ
ναινεί ÏηÏά Ïε ÏÎÏοια
ÏαÏακολοÏθηÏη και ÏÏοειδοÏοιείÏαι ÏÏι εάν
+ÏÎÏοια ÏαÏακολοÏθηÏη αÏοκαλÏÏει ÏαÏάνομη
δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏα ή ÏαÏαβίαÏη ÏÏν
+κανονιÏμÏν ÏοÏ
ΠανεÏιÏÏημίοÏ
Ïο ÏÏοÏÏÏικÏ
ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏεί να ÏαÏÎÏει
+ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÎ¿Î´ÎµÎ¯Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏαÏακολοÏθηÏÎ·Ï ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î
ανεÏιÏÏημιακÎÏ Î±ÏÏÎÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹/ή Ïε
+αξιÏμαÏοÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏν αÏÏÏ
νομικÏν αÏÏÏν.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏ
Ïή είναι μια ενδιαÏÎÏοÏ
Ïα ÏÏοÏÎγγιÏη
ÏÏην ΤÎÏαÏÏη ΤÏοÏολογία: ÏιÎÏÏε ÏοÏ
Ï
+ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± ÏÏ
μÏÏνήÏοÏ
ν,
ÏÏοκαÏαβολικά, ÏÏην ÏαÏαίÏηÏη αÏÏ Ïα
+δικαιÏμαÏά ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ¬ÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î±Ï
Ïήν.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="BadNews">ÎÏÏημα νÎα</h3>
+
+<p>
+ΠμάÏη για Ïο δικαίÏμα ÏÏην ανάγνÏÏη είναι
ήδη Ïε εξÎλιξη. ΠεÏθÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
+οÏγανÏμÎνοÏ, ÎµÎ½Ï ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ είμαÏÏε,
εÏομÎνÏÏ ÎµÎ¾ÎµÎ»Î¯ÏÏεÏαι ενανÏίον μαÏ. ÎδÏ
+ÏαÏαÏίθενÏαι άÏθÏα ÏÏεÏικά με άÏÏημα
ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νÎβηÏαν αÏÏ Ïην αÏÏική
+δημοÏίεÏ
Ïη αÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
άÏθÏοÏ
.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Τα ÏημεÏινά εμÏοÏικά η-βιβλία <a
+href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> καÏαÏγοÏν ÏιÏ
ÏαÏαδοÏιακÎÏ
+ελεÏ
θεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏν αναγνÏÏÏÏν.</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html"> ÎναÏ
+ιÏÏÏÏοÏÎ¿Ï "εγÏειÏιδίοÏ
βιολογίαÏ"</a> ÏÏον
οÏοίο αÏοκÏάÏε ÏÏÏÏβαÏη μÏνο
+Ï
ÏογÏάÏονÏÎ±Ï Îνα <a
href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">
+ÏÏ
μβÏλαιο να μην Ïο δανείÏεÏε Ïε
οÏοιονδήÏοÏε άλλο</a>, Ïο οÏοίο ο εκδÏÏηÏ
+μÏοÏεί να ακÏ
ÏÏÏει καÏά Ïη θÎληÏή ÏοÏ
.</li>
+<li><a
+href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151">ÎλεκÏÏονικÎÏ
+εκδÏÏειÏ:</a> Îνα άÏθÏο ÏÏεÏικά με Ïη
διανομή βιβλίÏν Ïε ηλεκÏÏονική μοÏÏή
+και Ïα ζηÏήμαÏα ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν
ÏοÏ
εÏηÏεάζοÏ
ν Ïο δικαίÏμα ανάγνÏÏηÏ
+ενÏÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏάÏοÏ
.</li>
+<li><a
+href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">Îιβλία
+μÎÏα ÏÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ:</a> ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î±
Ïον ÎλεγÏο ÏοÏ
Ïοιοι μÏοÏοÏν να
+διαβάζοÏ
ν βιβλία και ÎγγÏαÏα Ï' Îναν
ÏÏοÏÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή (PC).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Îάν θÎλοÏ
με να ÏÏαμαÏήÏοÏ
με Ïα άÏÏημα
νÎα και να δημιοÏ
ÏγήÏοÏ
με μεÏικά καλά
+νÎα, ÏÏειάζεÏαι να οÏγανÏθοÏμε και να
ÏολεμήÏοÏ
με. ΠκαμÏάνια <a
+href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> ÎλαÏÏÏμαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏÏ
ΣÏεδιαÏμÏ</a> ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ
+ÎÏει κάνει μια αÏÏή — εγγÏαÏείÏε ÏÏη
λίÏÏα ÏαÏÏ
δÏομείοÏ
ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¼ÏάνιαÏ
+για να δÏÏεÏε Îνα ÏÎÏι βοήθειαÏ. Îαι <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">γίνεÏε μÎÎ»Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ</a>,
ÏÏÏε να
+βοηθήÏεÏε Ïη ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏοÏ
ÎÏγοÏ
μαÏ.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="References">ΠαÏαÏομÏÎÏ</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Î “λεÏ
κή βίβλοϔ ÏÎ·Ï Î´Î¹Î¿Î¯ÎºÎ·ÏηÏ:
Îμάδα ÎÏάÏÎ·Ï Î Î»Î·ÏοÏοÏιακÏν
+Î¥ÏοδομÏν, ΠνεÏ
μαÏική ιδιοκÏηÏία [<a
href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>]
+και η Îθνική Î¥Ïοδομή ΠληÏοÏοÏίαÏ: Î
ÎναÏοÏά ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎ¼Î¬Î´Î±Ï ÎÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïα
+ÎικαιÏμαÏα ΠνεÏ
μαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÎδιοκÏηÏÎ¯Î±Ï [sic]
(1995).</li>
+
+ <li><a
href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html">Îια
+εÏεξήγηÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î»ÎµÏ
ÎºÎ®Ï Î²Î¯Î²Î»Î¿Ï
: ΠαÏÏάγη ÏÏν
ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν</a>,
+Pamela Samuelson, Wired, Îαν. 1996</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm">Το
ξεÏοÏλημα</a>,
+James Boyle, New York Times, 31 ÎαÏÏίοÏ
1996</li>
+
+ <li><a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html">ÎημÏÏια
+δεδομÎνα ή ιδιÏÏικά δεδομÎνα</a>, Washington Post, 4
Îοε 1996. </li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/">ÎνÏÏη για Ïo
ÎημÏÏιo
+ΧÏÏο</a>—ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¿ÏγανιÏμÏÏ ÏοÏ
ÎÏει ÏκοÏÏ
να ανÏιÏÏαθεί και να
+ανÏιÏÏÏÎÏει Ïην Ï
ÏεÏ-εξάÏλÏÏη ÏÏν δÏ
νάμεÏν ÏÏν ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν και
+ÏÏν ÏαÏενÏÏν.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">Το δοκίμιο αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
δημοÏιεÏ
μÎνο ÏÏο <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<h5>Îλλα κείμενα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³Î½ÏÏη</h5>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">ΦιλοÏοÏία ÏοÏ
ÎÏγοÏ
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a
+href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No"
+id="COPYPROCTECTION">Î ÏοÏÏαÏία ανÏιγÏαÏήÏ: ÎÏλά
ÏείÏε ÎÏι</a>, ÎημοÏιεÏÏηκε
+ÏÏο Computer World.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<b>ΣημειÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
μεÏαÏÏαÏÏή</b>:
+<ol>
+<li id="TransNote1">Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ, αÏÏ Ïον οÏοίο
Ïηγάζει Ïο ακÏÏνÏμιο
+είναι, ÏÏη μεν ιÏÏοÏία: “Software Protection
Authority”, ÏÏη δε
+ανάλÏ
Ïη και ÏÏολιαÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ·Ï (βλ. ΣημειÏÏειÏ
ÏοÏ
ΣÏ
γγÏαÏÎα): “Software
+Publishers Assocciation”.</li>
+<li id="TransNote2">Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ, αÏÏ Ïον οÏοίο
Ïηγάζει Ïο ακÏÏνÏμιο
+είναι: “Digital Millenium Copyright Act”.</li>
+<li id="TransNote3">Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ, ÏÏο κείμενο,
είναι “Consume But
+Don't Try Programming Act”. Î ÏÏκειÏαι για μια
λεκÏική αναÏκεÏ
ή ÏοÏ
+ÏαÏάγει Ïα ίδια αÏÏικά με Ïο ακÏÏνÏμιο ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏεÏεÏαι, ÏÏÏÏ Î· [1]
+ÏαÏαÏάνÏ.</li>
+<li id="TransNote4">Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ, αÏÏ Ïον οÏοίο
Ïηγάζει Ïο ακÏÏνÏμιο
+είναι: “Digital Restrictions Management”. Îλ. Ïην
εÏεξήγηÏη ÏÏη
+Ïελίδα <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#DigitalRightsManagement">ÎÎξειÏ
ÏÏοÏ
+αÏοÏÏ
γή</a>, για Ïο λÏγο ÏοÏ
δε
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε Ïη λÎξη “Rights”
+ÏÏ ÏÏοÎλεÏ
Ïη για Ïο “R” .</li>
+<li id="TransNote5">Î ÏÎ·Î³Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÏÏοÏ, αÏÏ Ïον οÏοίο
Ïηγάζει Ïο ακÏÏνÏμιο
+είναι: “Business Software Alliance”.</li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.el.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ΠαÏακαλοÏμε ÏÏείλÏε εÏÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïα ÎÎÎ
& GNU ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν
εÏίÏÎ·Ï <a
+href="/contact/">άλλοι ÏÏÏÏοι για να
εÏικοινÏνήÏεÏε</a> με Ïο ÎÎÎ. ÎνενεÏγοί
+ÏÏνδεÏμοι και Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î¿ÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î®
ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏαλοÏν ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÎÏγαζÏμαÏÏε ÏκληÏά και κάνοÏ
με Ï,Ïι
καλÏÏεÏο μÏοÏοÏμε για να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
με
+ακÏιβείÏ, ÎºÎ±Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏαÏÏάÏειÏ.
ΩÏÏÏÏο, δεν εξαιÏοÏμαÏÏε αÏÏ
+αÏÎλειεÏ. ΠαÏακαλοÏμε, ÏÏείλÏε Ïα ÏÏÏλιά
ÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏαÏαÏηÏήÏειÏ
+ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏεÏικά με αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p><p>Îια
+ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹
Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν ÏÏν
+ιÏÏοÏελίδÏν μαÏ, δείÏε Ïο <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎ</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009,
2010, 2014 Richard
+Stallman</p>
+
+<p>ÎÏ
Ïή η Ïελίδα διαÏίθεÏαι Ï
ÏÏ Ïην άδεια: <a
rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.el">Creative
+Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 Îδεια ÎνÏμÎνÏν
+ΠολιÏειÏν</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.el.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<p><strong>ÎÏÏική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong> <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/gzarkadas">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î.
ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a>
+(2015).</p></div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
+
+$Date: 2015/04/24 15:59:56 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/basic-freedoms.el-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/basic-freedoms.el-en.html
diff -N po/basic-freedoms.el-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/basic-freedoms.el-en.html 24 Apr 2015 15:59:56 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Freedom of Speech, Press and Association on the Internet
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Freedom of Speech, Press, and Association on the Internet</h2>
+
+<p>
+ The Free Software Foundation supports the freedoms of speech, press, and
+ association on the Internet. Please check out:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ The <a href="http://www.ciec.org/"> Citizens Internet Empowerment
+ Coalition</a> came together to oppose Congress' first attempt to
+ regulate material published on the Internet, the Communications
+ Decency Act, which the U.S. Supreme Court found unconstitutional
+ on June 26, 1997. Their site is being preserved as a resource on
+ the landmark CDA case.
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- removing this link.. site is dead as of June 07 2004
+ <li>The <a href="http://www.vtw.org/">Voters Telecommunications Watch</a>
+ and their excellent announcement electronic mailing list.</li>
+ -->
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html">Censoring GNU Emacs</a>
+ describes how the Communications Decency Act required the GNU
+ Project to censor GNU Emacs—and how this paradoxically had
+ the opposite of the effect that the censors wanted.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="http://www.factnet.org/">F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
+ is a non-profit Internet digest, news service, library, dialogue
+ center, and archive dedicated to the promotion and defense of
+ international free thought, free speech, and privacy rights.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ The <a href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html">Blue Ribbon Campaign</a>
+ for Online Freedom of Speech, Press and Association.
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- removing this link.. site is dead as of June 07 2004
+ <li>You can read <a href="http://www.vtw.org/speech/index.html#decision">the
+ June 1996 appeals court decision</a>
+ rejecting censorship of the Internet. But remember, this decision
+ is <em>not</em> final! First, the Supreme Court will agree or disagree;
+ then Congress gets a chance to look for another method of
censorship.</li>
+ -->
+
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/savingeurope.html">Saving Europe from Software
Patents</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">Organizations</a>
+ that work for freedom in computer development and electronic
+ communications.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2007, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/04/24 15:59:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/right-to-read.el-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/right-to-read.el-en.html
diff -N po/right-to-read.el-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/right-to-read.el-en.html 24 Apr 2015 15:59:57 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>The Right to Read
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<blockquote class="note">
+<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list
about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
+of <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number
+2).</em></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
+ articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
+ Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
+Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
+she could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There
+was no one she dared ask, except Dan.</p>
+
+<p>
+This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent
+her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that
+you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read
+your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had
+been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and
+wrong—something that only pirates would do.</p>
+
+<p>
+And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software
+Protection Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software
+class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that
+reported when and where it was read, and by whom, to Central
+Licensing. (They used this information to catch reading pirates, but
+also to sell personal interest profiles to retailers.) The next time
+his computer was networked, Central Licensing would find out. He, as
+computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment—for not
+taking pains to prevent the crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She
+might want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she
+came from a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition,
+let alone her reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way
+she could graduate. He understood this situation; he himself had had
+to borrow to pay for all the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those
+fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
+an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
+frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
+library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
+pay. There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages
+without government library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial
+and nonprofit journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.
+By 2047, libraries offering free public access to scholarly literature
+were a dim memory.</p>
+
+<p>
+There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central
+Licensing. They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in
+software, Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool,
+and used it to skip over the copyright monitor code when reading
+books. But he had told too many friends about it, and one of them
+turned him in to the SPA for a reward (students deep in debt were
+easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank was in prison, not for
+pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have
+debugging tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD
+or downloadable over the net. But ordinary users started using them
+to bypass copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this
+had become their principal use in actual practice. This meant they
+were illegal; the debuggers' developers were sent to prison.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger
+vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to
+officially licensed and bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in
+software class was kept behind a special firewall so that it could be
+used only for class exercises.</p>
+
+<p>
+It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a
+modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free
+kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around
+the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like
+debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without
+knowing your computer's root password. And neither
+the <abbr title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr> nor
+Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
+couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to
+speak with her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask
+for help, that could mean she loved him too.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more
+unthinkable—he lent her the computer, and told her his password.
+This way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he
+was reading them. It was still a crime, but the SPA would not
+automatically find out about it. They would only find out if Lissa
+reported him.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his
+own password, it would be curtains for both of them as students,
+regardless of what she had used it for. School policy was that any
+interference with their means of monitoring students' computer use was
+grounds for disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did
+anything harmful—the offense was making it hard for the
+administrators to check on you. They assumed this meant you were
+doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it
+was.</p>
+
+<p>
+Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly.
+Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would
+inevitably fail all their classes.</p>
+
+<p>
+Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started
+only in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began
+using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different
+approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
+harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
+their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
+taught about piracy as children. The couple began reading about the
+history of copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on
+copying, and even the original United States Constitution. They moved
+to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from
+the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
+universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Author's Notes</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in
+the future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a
+repressive society shaped by the enemies that use “pirate” as
+propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.
+I have tried to project it from today so as to sound even more
+oppressive. See <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">“Piracy”</a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>The following note has been updated several times since the first
+publication of the story.</p>
+
+<p>
+The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
+take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific laws and practices described above have already been
+proposed; many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In
+the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal
+basis to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and
+other works as well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions
+in a 2001 copyright directive. In France, under the DADVSI law
+adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program
+to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
+SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
+copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
+the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
+shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
+give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
+computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
+CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
+Programming Act”.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.
+They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
+press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
+the danger is once again higher.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
+the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
+the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free
+trade treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
+DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
+Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
+others.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
+as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
+agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
+treaty, CAFTA. Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
+“free trade” agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador
+had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.</p>
+
+<p>
+One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
+This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the
+root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
+them.</p>
+
+<p>
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium”. We call
+it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
+companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
+implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/">Windows
+Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme,
+it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but
+the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it.</p>
+
+<p>
+What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
+sense; no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a
+signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
+in your computer. This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
+sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
+the user can do on his own computer.</p>
+
+<p>
+Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
+can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running
+Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of
+Vista's many restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
+Management) that users can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we
+have established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">
+Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p>
+
+<p>
+When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
+Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
+all users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot
+afford to fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in
+Oakland, California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The
+SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the
+power they sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association,
+has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
+Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official police force;
+unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods reminiscent of the
+erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform on their coworkers
+and friends. A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in 2001 made
+slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped.</p>
+
+<p>
+The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
+For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
+message upon login:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
+this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority
+are subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and
+recorded by system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals
+improperly using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the
+activities of authorized user may also be monitored. Anyone using this
+system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such
+monitoring reveals possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of
+University regulations system personnel may provide the evidence of such
+monitoring to University authorities and/or law enforcement officials.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
+everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
+
+<p>
+The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
+The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
+Here are articles about bad things that have happened since the
+original publication of this article.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Today's commercial ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
+ abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html">
+ A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access only by signing
+ a <a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse">
+ contract not to lend it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can
+ revoke at will.</li>
+<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151">Electronic
+ Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
+ electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
+ a copy.</li>
+<li><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx">Books
+ inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
+ books and documents on a PC.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
+to organize and fight. The
+FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org"> Defective by Design</a>
+campaign has made a start — subscribe to the campaign's mailing
+list to lend a hand. And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate">join
+the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="References">References</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
+ Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>] and the
+ National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working
+ Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995).</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html">An
+ explanation of the White Paper:
+ The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, Wired, Jan. 1996</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm">Sold Out</a>,
+ James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996</li>
+
+ <li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html">Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
+ Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/">Union for the Public
+ Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
+ reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<h5>Other Texts to Read</h5>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
+ GNU Project</a></li>
+ <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No"
+ id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
+ Published in Computer World.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/04/24 15:59:57 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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