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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www philosophy/po/nit-india.translist software/... |
Date: |
Wed, 28 Jan 2015 11:27:01 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 15/01/28 11:27:01
Modified files:
philosophy/po : nit-india.translist
software : recent-releases-include.ru.html
software/po : recent-releases-include.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy : nit-india.ru.html
philosophy/po : nit-india.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/nit-india.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/recent-releases-include.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.544&r2=1.545
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.710&r2=1.711
Patches:
Index: philosophy/po/nit-india.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/nit-india.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- philosophy/po/nit-india.translist 12 Aug 2013 20:01:13 -0000 1.8
+++ philosophy/po/nit-india.translist 28 Jan 2015 11:27:00 -0000 1.9
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
<!--#set var="TRANSLATION_LIST"
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
-<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/nit-india.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/nit-india.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/nit-india.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/nit-india.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/nit-india.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: software/recent-releases-include.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/recent-releases-include.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.544
retrieving revision 1.545
diff -u -b -r1.544 -r1.545
--- software/recent-releases-include.ru.html 27 Jan 2015 14:59:59 -0000
1.544
+++ software/recent-releases-include.ru.html 28 Jan 2015 11:27:01 -0000
1.545
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
<ul>
-<li><strong>January 27, 2015</strong>
+<li><strong>28 ÑнваÑÑ 2015</strong>
<ul>
<li><a
-href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00011.html">new
-release of nano-archimedes 1.1</a>, <i>Jean Michel Sellier</i>,
-<tt>09:25</tt></li>
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00011.html">новÑй
+вÑпÑÑк наноаÑÑ
имеда: 1.1</a>, <i>Ðан-ÐиÑелÑ
СелÑе</i>, <tt>09:25</tt></li>
</ul></li>
<li><strong>23 ÑнваÑÑ 2015</strong>
<ul>
Index: software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.710
retrieving revision 1.711
diff -u -b -r1.710 -r1.711
--- software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po 28 Jan 2015 11:17:43 -0000
1.710
+++ software/po/recent-releases-include.ru.po 28 Jan 2015 11:27:01 -0000
1.711
@@ -14,33 +14,20 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-01-27 14:59+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <strong>January 2[-3-]{+7+}, 2015</strong>
-#| msgid "<strong>January 23, 2015</strong>"
msgid "<strong>January 27, 2015</strong>"
msgstr "<strong>28 ÑнваÑÑ 2015</strong>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
-# | <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00001.html\">the
-# | first version-]
-# |
{+href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00011.html\">new
-# | release+} of nano-archimedes [-has been released!</a>,-] {+1.1</a>,+}
-# | <i>Jean Michel Sellier</i>, [-<tt>16:30</tt>-] {+<tt>09:25</tt>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00001.html"
-#| "\">the first version of nano-archimedes has been released!</a>, <i>Jean "
-#| "Michel Sellier</i>, <tt>16:30</tt>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00011.html"
"\">new release of nano-archimedes 1.1</a>, <i>Jean Michel Sellier</i>, "
"<tt>09:25</tt>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2015-01/msg00011.html"
-"\">новÑй вÑпÑÑк наноаÑÑ
имеда: 1.1</a>,
<i>Ðан-ÐиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¡ÐµÐ»Ñе</i>, "
-"<tt>09:25</tt>"
+"\">новÑй вÑпÑÑк наноаÑÑ
имеда: 1.1</a>,
<i>Ðан-ÐиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¡ÐµÐ»Ñе</i>, <tt>09:25</"
+"tt>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<strong>January 23, 2015</strong>"
Index: philosophy/nit-india.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/nit-india.ru.html
diff -N philosophy/nit-india.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/nit-india.ru.html 28 Jan 2015 11:26:58 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1523 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/nit-india.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>РеÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмена в ÐаÑионалÑном ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком инÑÑиÑÑÑе - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
+Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nit-india.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐаÑионалÑнÑй ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкий инÑÑиÑÑÑ,
ТÑиÑи (ÐндиÑ), 17 ÑевÑÐ°Ð»Ñ 2004 года</h2>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>РиÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a>
+</p>
+
+ <p><em>ÐапиÑÑ ÑеÑи о ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
,
пÑоизнеÑенной докÑоÑом РиÑаÑдом
+СÑолменом 17 ÑевÑÐ°Ð»Ñ 2004 года в ÐаÑионалÑном
ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком инÑÑиÑÑÑе в ТÑиÑи
+(Тамилнад, ÐндиÑ).</em>
+</p>
+
+ <p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñнем
видеоконÑеÑенÑиÑ, пÑоÑÑба к аÑдиÑоÑии:
+пиÑиÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, вопÑоÑÑ Ð½Ð° бÑмаге и
пеÑедавайÑе ÑÑда. У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑаÑÑÑавленÑ
+повÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑоволÑÑÑ Ñ Ð±Ñмагой, Ñак ÑÑо
обÑаÑайÑеÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, к ним. У
+докÑоÑа РиÑаÑда СÑолмена пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñо ÑлÑÑ
ом, Ñак ÑÑо он не ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑазобÑаÑÑ
+ваÑÑ ÑеÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+ <p>Ðеди и дженÑлÑменÑ, Ñ ÑÑаÑÑлив, ÑÑо мне
пÑедоÑÑавилаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑи Ñ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑÑенник, задаÑÑий новÑй кÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾
многиÑ
оÑноÑениÑÑ
. ÐпеÑвÑе в
+иÑÑоÑии инÑÑиÑÑÑа в ТÑиÑи ÑоÑÑоиÑÑÑ
видеоконÑеÑенÑиÑ. РаÑÑоÑиаÑÐ¸Ñ ECE Ñ
+гоÑдоÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ ÑÑой иниÑиаÑивой.
Ðна бÑла Ð±Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ без
+ÑÑководÑÑва и ÑпоÑного ÑÑÑда ÑоÑÑÑдников
и ÑÑаÑÑиÑ
кÑÑÑов. ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ, ÑÑо
+за ÑÑой иниÑиаÑивой поÑледÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ
дÑÑгие, и ÑÑа оÑлиÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑабоÑа
+пÑодолжиÑÑÑ Ð¸ в поÑледÑÑÑие годÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑогÑамма, пÑодÑÐºÑ ÑиÑÑовой ÑеволÑÑии,
болÑÑе поÑ
ожа на волÑебÑÑво. Ðдним
+нажаÑием на ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ ÑделаÑÑ ÑоÑни
копий пÑогÑаммÑ. ЧаÑÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
+можно копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ пÑименÑÑÑ Ð² дÑÑгой
пÑогÑамме без оÑобÑÑ
ÑÑилий. ÐÑи и
+многие дÑÑгие ÑвойÑÑва делаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
ÑовеÑÑенно оÑобÑм
+Ñозданием. Созданием, коÑоÑое не
ÑклонÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед пÑивÑÑнÑм авÑоÑÑким
+пÑавом. Ðо некоÑоÑÑе из ÑвоекоÑÑÑÑнÑÑ
побÑждений пÑиÑÑÑили ÑÑо Ñоздание и
+лиÑили обÑеÑÑва вÑгод Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸Ðº Ñеловек, поклÑвÑийÑÑ
возвÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм компÑÑÑеÑов иÑ
+ÑÑÑаÑеннÑÑ ÑвободÑ. Ðн доказал миÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
Ñловами, а делами, ÑÑо можно
+пÑоизводиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
полÑзоваÑели компÑÑÑеÑов оÑказÑвалиÑÑ
+Ð¾Ñ Ñвоей ÑвободÑ. Человек, коÑоÑÑй не
нÑждаеÑÑÑ Ð² пÑедÑÑавлении, но Ñем не
+менее должен бÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлен длÑ
ÑоблÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑмалÑноÑÑей. ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑд
+СÑолмен — оÑноваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU (1984)
по ÑазÑабоÑке Ñвободной
+опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемÑ, GNU, и Ñем ÑамÑм
пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм
+компÑÑÑеÑов ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑво
из ниÑ
ÑÑÑаÑило. GNU пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
+Ñобой ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑÑкий волен
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
, пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ
+иÑ
, а Ñакже вноÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ, кÑÑпнÑе или
мелкие.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐокÑÐ¾Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑд СÑолмен полÑÑил диплом
бакалавÑа по Ñизике в ÐаÑваÑде
+в 1974 годÑ. Ðогда он ÑÑилÑÑ Ð² колледже, он
ÑабоÑал Ñакже ÑÑаÑнÑм
+Ñ
акеÑом в ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного
инÑеллекÑа ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкого
+ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкого инÑÑиÑÑÑа, обÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð° ÑазÑабоÑке опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑем. Ð 1984 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð½ ÑволилÑÑ Ð¸Ð·
инÑÑиÑÑÑа, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÑпиÑÑ Ðº
+пÑоекÑÑ GNU. Ðа ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑÑ Ð¾Ð½ ÑдоÑÑоен
многиÑ
нагÑад и пÑемий, коÑоÑÑе мÑ
+здеÑÑ ÑпоминаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ бÑдем.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° базе Linux, ваÑианÑÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU на базе ÑдÑа Linux,
+ÑазÑабоÑанного ÐинÑÑом ТоÑвалÑдÑом,
полÑÑили ÑиÑокое пÑименение. Ðо оÑенкам,
+ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð² миÑе 20 миллионов
полÑзоваÑелей ÑиÑÑем на базе Linux. Ð ÑÑо
+ÑиÑло ÑаÑÑÐµÑ Ñ Ð±ÐµÑпÑеÑеденÑной ÑкоÑоÑÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðеди и дженÑлÑменÑ, попÑивеÑÑÑвÑем ÑÑого
Ñеловека, ведÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, докÑоÑа РиÑаÑда
СÑолмена. [аплодиÑменÑÑ] [ÑиÑина]
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Ðне наÑинаÑÑ? [ÑиÑина]
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐµÐ½Ñ ÑлÑÑно? [ÑиÑина]
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐоднимиÑе ÑÑки, пожалÑйÑÑа, еÑли вам менÑ
не ÑлÑÑно. [ÑиÑина] ÐÑак, еÑли
+бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑÑÑ-ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑе, Ñ, навеÑное, наÑнÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. Ð£Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð°ÑдиÑоÑиÑ, не
ÑÑмиÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа. СпаÑибо.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b> Ðли, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑоÑÑо ÑиÑÑема
ÑÑмиÑ. Я не знаÑ, лÑди ÑÑо
+говоÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо какой-Ñо деÑÐµÐºÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
ÑвÑзи. Ðо мне пÑоÑÑо пÑиÑ
одиÑ
+ÑилÑнÑй ÑÑм. УбавÑÑе как-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð³ÑомкоÑÑÑ,
Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑÑ. Я, кажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑим не
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑпÑавлÑÑÑ. Ðе беÑпокойÑеÑÑ. Ðо не
оÑклÑÑайÑе ее ÑовÑем. ТолÑко ÑбавÑÑе
+немного.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я Ñ
оÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñл какой-Ñо
показаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð²
+помеÑении, ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ, но
гÑомкоÑÑÑ, возможно, пÑоÑÑо ÑлиÑком
+вÑÑока, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑм из помеÑениÑ
ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³Ð»ÑÑиÑелÑнÑм.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ, ладно. ÐоÑмоÑÑим. [ÑиÑина] ÐÑ,
навеÑное, Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо наÑнÑ, еÑли ниÑÑо не
+меÑаеÑ. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑÑ... Ðне ÑейÑаÑ
наÑинаÑÑ? Ðли лÑди еÑе пÑиÑ
одÑÑ, и
+мне подождаÑÑ ÐµÑе паÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÑÑ?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ наÑинаÑÑ, ÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Я вижÑ, ÑÑо лÑди заÑ
одÑÑ. Я
подождÑ, пока они войдÑÑ Ð¸
+ÑаÑÑÑдÑÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð´Ñваем, ÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ,
Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ наÑаÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ХоÑоÑо. ЧÑо Ñакое ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма? СвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма — ÑÑо пÑогÑамма, коÑоÑаÑ
ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей. ÐÑо никак не ÑвÑзано Ñ
Ñеной, во вÑÑком ÑлÑÑае, напÑÑмÑÑ. Я
+говоÑÑ Ð½Ðµ о беÑплаÑнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
. Я не
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе вÑ
+полÑÑаеÑе, не плаÑÑ. ÐÑо на Ñамом деле
побоÑнÑй вопÑоÑ, коÑоÑÑй не оÑобенно
+важен. Я Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе вÑ
можеÑе пÑименÑÑÑ
+Ñвободно. ÐÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе ÑважаÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ. Ðли надо
+ÑÑоÑниÑÑ? Ð ÑмÑÑле, какие ÑÑо ÑвободÑ?
+</p>
+
+<p>ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñли ÑвободнÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ,
полÑзоваÑелÑ, Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑе
+конкÑеÑнÑÑ
ÑвободÑ. ÐÑÑÑ Ñвобода нолÑ,
Ñвобода ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой, длÑ
+какиÑ
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло нÑжд и каким Ð±Ñ Ñо ни
бÑло обÑазом. ÐÑÑÑ Ñвобода один,
+Ñвобода изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
понимаÑÑ, ÑÑо же пÑогÑамма делаеÑ. Ð
+поÑом пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐµ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° делала, ÑÑо вам
надо. ÐÑÑÑ Ñвобода два, Ñо еÑÑÑ
+Ñвобода ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÑеди дÑÑгиÑ
, дÑÑгими Ñловами, Ñвобода помогаÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ. РеÑÑÑ Ñвобода ÑÑи,
Ñвобода помогаÑÑ ÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ñвое
+ÑообÑеÑÑво, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ñвобода обнаÑодоваÑÑ
измененнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ, Ñ Ñем ÑÑобÑ
+дÑÑгие могли полÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего
вклада.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑе ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñ. ÐÑибоÑно дÑмаÑÑ Ð¾
ниÑ
как об ÑÑовнÑÑ
ÑвободÑ, поÑомÑ
+ÑÑо вÑе ÑеÑÑÑе Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑеÑÑвоваÑÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма бÑла ÑÑиÑеÑки
+пÑавомеÑна.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑи ÑвободÑ? Свобода нолÑ
важна, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+Ñвоим компÑÑÑеÑом. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ волÑнÑ
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни
+бÑло нÑжд и каким Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло обÑазом, Ñо
Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² полÑзовании
+Ñвоим ÑобÑÑвеннÑм компÑÑÑеÑом. Ðо ÑвободÑ
Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ðµ доÑÑаÑоÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
+бÑл конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ваÑим ÑобÑÑвеннÑм
компÑÑÑеÑом, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо без болÑÑего вÑ
+не можеÑе конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑа
пÑогÑамма делаеÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Свобода один важна, она позволÑÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñно
пÑовеÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо же Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамма,
+а поÑом измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° делала Ñо,
ÑÑо вам Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐµ Ñгодно. ÐÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½, Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе,
ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ:
+ÑазÑабоÑÑик пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолиÑÑеÑ, ÑÑо
она бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑем
+компÑÑÑеÑе, и Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð²ÑÑ
ода.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðа Ñамом деле ÑазÑабоÑÑики неÑедко
закладÑваÑÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑнÑе оÑобенноÑÑи. Ð
+пеÑвÑÑ Ð¾ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð²ÑедоноÑнÑе оÑобенноÑÑи
закладÑваÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑики неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм, они ÑообÑажаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑможеÑе
ÑбÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. Ðни дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо им
+ÑÑо ÑÐ¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ñ ÑÑк. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð±ÐµÑпомоÑнÑ.
ÐÐ»Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм вполне
+в поÑÑдке веÑей ÑпиониÑÑ Ð·Ð° полÑзоваÑелем.
Рони понимаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ в
+ÑоÑÑоÑнии ÑзнаÑÑ, ÑÑо они ÑпионÑÑ Ð·Ð° вами,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе полÑÑиÑÑ
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо как Ð²Ñ ÑзнаеÑе, ÑÑо
они на Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ? ÐÑ Ñзнали о
+некоÑоÑÑÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
, когда пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑпионÑÑ Ð·Ð° вами. ÐапÑимеÑ, за вами
+ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Windows. ТÑи года назад ÑазÑазилÑÑ
Ñкандал из-за Ñого, ÑÑо Microsoft
+наÑÑÑоила Windows Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑиÑÑема доноÑила
о Ñом, ÑÑо ÑÑÑановлено на
+ваÑем диÑке. Ðна оÑÑÑлала ÑÑи ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
Microsoft. Тогда бÑл гÑандиознÑй
+Ñкандал, бÑл взÑÑв возмÑÑениÑ, Ñак ÑÑо
Microsoft ÑбÑала ÑÑо и веÑнÑла в
+замаÑкиÑованном виде.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðколо года назад ÑазÑабоÑÑики...
некоÑоÑÑе иÑÑледоваÑели Ñзнали, ÑÑо... они
+вÑÑÑнили, ÑÑо Windows XP, когда она
запÑаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ, заодно
+доноÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Microsoft, ÑÑо ÑÑÑановлено на ваÑем
диÑке. Рона Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо Ñайно,
+она вÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑпиÑок Ñайлов в
заÑиÑÑованном виде, Ñак ÑÑо лÑдÑм нелегко
+ÑзнаÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
одило. Ðм пÑиÑлоÑÑ
пÑиложиÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑилий, ÑÑобÑ
+опÑеделиÑÑ, какие ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Windows оÑÑÑлала в
Microsoft. Ðо Windows не
+единÑÑвеннÑй Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм, пакеÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе ÑпионÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+вами. Windows Media Player Ñоже ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° вами.
ÐаждÑй Ñаз, когда Ð²Ñ ÑÑо-Ñо
+ÑÑиÑÑваеÑе, он поÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð² Microsoft оÑÑеÑ, в
коÑоÑом говоÑиÑÑÑ, кÑда вÑ
+заглÑдÑваеÑе. Ð Real Player Ñоже ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
вами. Так ÑÑо Microsoft не
+единÑÑвеннÑй ÑазÑабоÑÑик неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, виновнÑй в ÑÑого Ñода оÑобой
+неÑпÑаведливоÑÑи к полÑзоваÑелÑм. TiVo
ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° вами. ÐекоÑоÑÑе пÑоÑвлÑÑÑ
+ÑнÑÑзиазм к TiVo, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема в
какой-Ñо ÑÑепени оÑнована на GNU и
+Linux.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðо она ÑодеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ.
Рона ÑпÑоекÑиÑована, ÑÑобÑ
+ÑпиониÑÑ Ð·Ð° вами, ÑообÑаÑÑ Ð¾ маÑеÑиалаÑ
,
коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ ÑмоÑÑиÑе. Ðне говоÑили,
+ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ дÑÑгиÑ
пÑогÑамм-Ñпионов.
Ðалее, еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе
+делаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ дÑÑгие гадоÑÑи. ÐапÑимеÑ, еÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе пеÑенаÑÑÑаиваÑÑ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ, ÑÑобÑ, напÑимеÑ, он
показÑвал вам вÑе вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑекламÑ, и они не
+говоÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼: “ÐоÑÑавÑÑе ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, и
она бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑ
+Ñекламє. Ðни ÑообÑажаÑÑ, ÑÑо
болÑÑинÑÑво полÑзоваÑелей не замеÑÑÑ,
+они не ÑмогÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ. Ðни ÑообÑажаÑÑ, ÑÑо
Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавиÑе неÑколÑко пÑогÑамм и
+не бÑдеÑе знаÑÑ, ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð· ниÑ
поменÑла
конÑигÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего компÑÑÑеÑа. Ð ÑÑо
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑдеÑе знаÑÑ, как оÑмениÑÑ ÑÑо.
+ÐонеÑно, еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑо бÑли ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑо можно бÑло бÑ
+иÑпÑавиÑÑ. Я веÑнÑÑÑ Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑез минÑÑÑ.
Ðо иногда они бÑваÑÑ ÐµÑе
+Ñ
Ñже. Ðногда в пÑогÑаммаÑ
еÑÑÑ
оÑобенноÑÑи, ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого,
ÑÑобÑ
+не даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑо-Ñо делаÑÑ. РазÑабоÑÑики
пÑогÑамм лÑбÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, как
+иÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ ÑÑо-Ñо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
делаÑÑ. Ðо иногда они пÑоекÑиÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо длÑ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ. ЧаÑÑо ÑÑо назÑваÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовÑм ÑпÑавлением огÑаниÑениÑми. Ðогда
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+оÑказÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в доÑÑÑпе к Ñайлам,
оÑказÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в возможноÑÑи ÑоÑ
ÑанениÑ
+Ñайлов, копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñайлов или
пÑеобÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñайлов.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð¥Ñже Ñого — в пÑогÑамме обмена
мÑзÑкой, Kazaa, еÑÑÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑнаÑ
+оÑобенноÑÑÑ, когда компаниÑ...
ÑазÑабоÑÑики пÑодаÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñинное вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего
+компÑÑÑеÑа. Так ÑÑо дÑÑгие плаÑÑÑ Kazaa,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ Ñвои пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
+ваÑем компÑÑÑеÑе. Ðам они не плаÑÑÑ. Ðа
Ñамом деле ÑÑо Ñ
ÑанилоÑÑ Ð²
+ÑекÑеÑе. РазÑабоÑÑики Kazaa не говоÑили
полÑзоваÑелÑм: “ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим,
+Ð¼Ñ ÑобиÑаемÑÑ Ð¿ÑодаваÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñинное вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
ваÑем компÑÑÑеÑе”. ÐÑдÑм
+пÑиÑлоÑÑ ÑÑо вÑÑÑнÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð¶Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ пÑимеÑÑ, о коÑоÑÑÑ
Ñ
ÑлÑÑал. Ðо никогда не знаеÑÑ, еÑли
+еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ-Ñо дÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма, как ÑзнаÑÑ, еÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ в ней
+какаÑ-Ñо вÑедоноÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑекÑеÑнаÑ
оÑобенноÑÑÑ? Ðело в Ñом, ÑÑо иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
+полÑÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ. Ðез ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½, ÑвободÑ
помогаÑÑ Ñамим Ñебе, ÑвободÑ
+изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма делала, ÑÑо вам надо,
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе знаÑÑ, ÑÑо же пÑогÑамма
делаеÑ. Ðам оÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñлепо
+веÑиÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑикÑ. РазÑабоÑÑик говоÑиÑ:
“ÐÑогÑамма Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ñ
+ÑÑо”,— а Ð²Ñ Ð²ÐµÑиÑе ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ не веÑиÑе.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐонеÑно, не вÑе ÑазÑабоÑÑики неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм закладÑваÑÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑнÑе
+оÑобенноÑÑи. ÐекоÑоÑÑе иÑкÑенне делаÑÑ
вÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
завиÑÑÑее, ÑÑобÑ
+закладÑваÑÑ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑи, коÑоÑÑе
полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑавÑÑÑÑ. Ðо они лÑди, и они
+делаÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки. Так воÑ, мÑ, ÑазÑабоÑÑики
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ñоже лÑди, и мÑ
+Ñоже делаем оÑибки. РнаÑиÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
Ñоже еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки. РазниÑа в Ñом, ÑÑо
+когда Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñвобода, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе изÑÑиÑÑ
иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ найÑи Ñо, ÑÑо в
+пÑогÑамме плоÑ
о, бÑÐ´Ñ Ñо пÑеднамеÑенно
вÑедоноÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑлÑÑайнÑй
+недоÑеÑ. Рв Ñом, и в дÑÑгом ÑлÑÑае вÑ
можеÑе найÑи ÑÑо, и Ñогда Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
+иÑпÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ избавиÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого.
ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑли пÑогÑамма неÑвободна, вÑ
попÑоÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑпомоÑнÑ. Ркогда
+пÑогÑамма Ñвободна, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ваÑим компÑÑÑеÑом. ÐÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
+конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе.
+Ðо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ не доÑÑаÑоÑно. Свобода
один — ÑÑо Ñвобода лиÑно
+изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, а заÑем пÑавиÑÑ
его, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма делала, ÑÑо вам
+надо. ÐÑо Ñвобода помогаÑÑ Ñебе. Ðо ÑвободÑ
один не доÑÑаÑоÑно, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо,
+во-пеÑвÑÑ
, еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ñ Ð»Ñдей, коÑоÑÑе
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑами, но не ÑмеÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
не
доÑÑаÑоÑно. Ðни не могÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñно
+изÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма делала, ÑÑо им
+надо. Ðо даже Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ, пÑогÑаммиÑÑов,
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ не доÑÑаÑоÑно. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+пÑогÑамм оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾. Ðи Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ не Ñ
ваÑиÑ
вÑемени изÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
вÑе, овладеÑÑ
+ими вÑеми, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð² ÑоÑÑоÑнии вноÑиÑÑ
Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² каждÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ниÑ
.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, нам нÑжна возможноÑÑÑ ÑовмеÑÑной
ÑабоÑÑ. Ð Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого-Ñо и
+пÑедназнаÑена Ñвобода ÑÑи. Свобода
ÑÑи — ÑÑо Ñвобода помогаÑÑ
+ÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ñвое ÑообÑеÑÑво, пÑбликÑÑ
измененнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ. С Ñем ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´ÑÑгие
+могли воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñей веÑÑией.
ÐÑо-Ñо и Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñем нам возможноÑÑÑ
+ÑабоÑаÑÑ ÑовмеÑÑно, ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолÑ
над Ñвоими компÑÑÑеÑами и Ñвоими
+пÑогÑаммами.
+</p>
+
+<p>...ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ð½ полÑзоваÑелей, и вÑем
им нÑжно опÑеделенное изменение в
+опÑеделенной пÑогÑамме. Ðм надо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð°
ÑабоÑала Ñак, а не
+по-дÑÑгомÑ. Так воÑ, ÑÑеди ÑÑого миллиона
лÑдей, по пÑоÑÑой ÑлÑÑайноÑÑи,
+окажеÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑа ÑеÑ
, кÑо ÑмееÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. Рано или поздно ÑÑеди ниÑ
+найдеÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑок ÑеÑ
, кÑо пÑоÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ ÑÑой пÑогÑаммÑ, внеÑеÑ
+Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ опÑбликÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ñо, ÑÑо им надо. Ð
+еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ð½ дÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей, коÑоÑÑм нÑжно
Ñо же Ñамое. Так ÑÑо они
+воÑполÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑой измененной веÑÑией.
ÐÑе они полÑÑÐ°Ñ Ñакое изменение,
+какое им нÑжно. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо некоÑоÑÑе из ниÑ
внеÑли ÑÑо изменение.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðогда еÑÑÑ Ñвобода ÑÑи, неÑколÑко
Ñеловек Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÑи изменение, и Ñогда
+оно ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпно многим. Ð Ñаким
обÑазом, лÑбой коллекÑив
+полÑзоваÑелей Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
Ñвоими пÑогÑаммами. ЧÑо бÑваеÑ,
+когда еÑÑÑ Ð³ÑÑппа лÑдей, коÑоÑÑм нÑжно
какое-Ñо изменение, но никÑо из ниÑ
+не ÑÐ¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ? Ðоложим, иÑ
вÑего пÑÑÑÑоÑ, и никÑо из ниÑ
не
+пÑогÑаммиÑÑ. Так воÑ, положим, иÑ
деÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑÑ, но ÑÑо вÑе владелÑÑÑ
+магазинов, Ñак ÑÑо пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ не
ÑмеÑÑ. ÐÑ, еÑли пÑогÑаммÑ
+ÑвободнÑ, они вÑе-Ñаки могÑÑ
воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ñвободой один и ÑÑи. Ðни
могÑÑ
+ÑобÑаÑÑ ÑколÑко-Ñо денег, а когда ÑобеÑÑÑ,
они могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹Ñи к пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ
+или в пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑкÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑпÑоÑиÑÑ:
“СколÑко Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·ÑмеÑе за Ñо,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑовиÑÑ ÑÑо конкÑеÑное
изменение, и когда Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе ÑделаÑÑ
+ÑÑо?”
+</p>
+
+<p>РеÑли им не понÑавиÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑ ÑÑой
конкÑеÑной компании, они могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¹Ñи в
+дÑÑгÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ ÑпÑоÑиÑÑ:
““СколÑко Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·ÑмеÑе за Ñо, ÑÑобÑ
+подгоÑовиÑÑ ÑÑо конкÑеÑное изменение, и
когда Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо?”
+Ðни могÑÑ Ð²ÑбиÑаÑÑ, Ñ ÐºÐµÐ¼ имеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾. ÐÑо
иллÑÑÑÑиÑÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑакÑ, ÑÑо
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑй ÑÑнок вÑевозможнÑÑ
ÑÑлÑг,
+ÑакиÑ
как доÑабоÑка пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ.
ÐÑли пÑогÑамма неÑвободна,
+поддеÑжка — ÑÑо монополиÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑолÑко Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑика еÑÑÑ
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ лÑбÑе Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
вноÑиÑÑ ÑолÑко ÑазÑабоÑÑик.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, еÑли вам не нÑавиÑÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо делаеÑ
пÑогÑамма, вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð´Ñи к
+ÑазÑабоÑÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¸ вÑпÑаÑиваÑÑ:
“ÐлÑбокоÑважаемÑй ÑазÑабоÑÑик, бÑдÑÑе
+лÑÐ±ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ изменение”.
Ð ÑазÑабоÑÑик, веÑоÑÑно,
+оÑвеÑиÑ: “Ðелика важноÑÑÑ! ТакиÑ
, как ÑÑ,
ÑоÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑ; какое мне до
+ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾?” Ркогда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑ,
еÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑй ÑÑнок
+поддеÑжки, и еÑли ÑазÑабоÑÑик не
заинÑеÑеÑован в Ñом, ÑÑо вам нÑжно,
+найдеÑÑÑ ÐºÑо-Ñо дÑÑгой, оÑобенно еÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо денÑги.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе
ÑÑиÑаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÑ ÐºÑайне важной;
+они гоÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑла
Ñ
оÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжка. ÐообÑе
+говоÑÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑÑнок поддеÑжки
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñвободен, ÑÑи
+полÑзоваÑели могÑÑ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð»ÑÑÑей
поддеÑжки за Ñе же денÑги, еÑли они
+пÑименÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðак ни паÑадокÑалÑно, когда Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½ÐµÑколÑкими неÑвободнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑабоÑÑ, Ñо какÑÑ Ð±Ñ
из ниÑ
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¸ вÑбÑали, поÑле ÑÑого
+ее поддеÑжка бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÐµÐ¹, Ñак ÑÑо
ÑнаÑала Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð²ÑбоÑ, но поÑом
+вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾ Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÐµÐ¹.
ÐаÑÐ°Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð²ÑбоÑ
+Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñми. ÐÑÑгими Ñловами, вам
пÑедоÑÑавлен вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ñого, кÑо бÑдеÑ
+ваÑим Ñ
озÑином. Ðо вÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ñ
озÑина —
ÑÑо не Ñвобода, когда
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑ, вам не пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ
вÑбиÑаÑÑ Ñ
озÑина. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе бÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑ, вам не пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑо ÑÑого
вÑбиÑаÑÑ ÑÑеди монополий, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+оÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ñвобода, пока Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑодолжаеÑе
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑой пÑогÑаммой, вÑ
+полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвободе.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, Ñ ÑазÑÑÑнил ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ñ, один и
ÑÑи. ÐÑе ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñвоим
компÑÑÑеÑом. Свобода два — ÑÑо
+дÑÑгое дело, ÑÑо Ñвобода помогаÑÑ ÑвоемÑ
ближнемÑ, пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ пÑогÑамм
+дÑÑгим. Свобода два важна по пÑоÑÑой
ÑÑиÑеÑкой пÑиÑине: ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ жиÑÑ
+доÑÑойной жизнÑÑ, в коÑоÑой Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑе
дÑÑгим.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, дÑÑ
... важнейÑий ÑеÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñбого
обÑеÑÑва — дÑÑ
добÑой
+воли, дÑÑ
гоÑовноÑÑи помогаÑÑ Ñвоим
ближним. ÐонеÑно, никÑо не ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ 100%
+вÑемени на помоÑÑ Ñвоим ближним, никÑо не
Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ 100% Ñого, о Ñем его
+пÑоÑÑÑ. Ð ÑÑо пÑавилÑно, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вам
надо забоÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ о Ñебе. Ðо ÑолÑко
+кÑайне дÑÑнÑе лÑди не делаÑÑ Ñовно ниÑего
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñи Ñвоим ближним, и на
+Ñамом деле обÑÑно в обÑеÑÑве пÑиÑÑÑÑÑвÑÑÑ
ÑÑовни помоÑи ближним где-Ñо междÑ
+кÑайними знаÑениÑми, ÑÑо не 0 и не 100%, и ÑÑи
ÑÑовни могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+ÑнижаÑÑÑÑ Ð² завиÑимоÑÑи Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑиалÑнÑÑ
Ñдвигов, Ð¾Ñ Ñого, как Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑганизÑем
+обÑеÑÑво, Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ пооÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ð¼
и помогаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг дÑÑÐ³Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе или
+менÑÑе, и ÑÑим ÑÑовнем оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ
обÑеÑÑво, в коÑоÑом можно жиÑÑ, оÑ
+джÑнглей, в коÑоÑÑÑ
вÑе воÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив вÑеÑ
.
Рне ÑлÑÑайно ведÑÑие Ñелигии
+миÑа ÑÑÑÑÑи Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑли лÑдей помогаÑÑ
Ñвоим ближним, пооÑÑÑли дÑÑ
+добÑожелаÑелÑÑÑва и добÑой воли к дÑÑгим
Ñленам ÑеловеÑеÑкого обÑеÑÑва.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, ÑÑо делаÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÑелÑнÑе ÑоÑиалÑнÑе
инÑÑиÑÑÑÑ, когда они наÑинаÑÑ
+говоÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ð¼
дÑÑно? Ðни пÑизÑваÑÑ Ð»Ñдей не помогаÑÑ
+дÑÑг дÑÑгÑ, ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва.
Ðни оÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñй
+ÑеÑÑÑÑ. ЧÑо они делаÑÑ, когда они говоÑÑÑ,
ÑÑо, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÐµÑе ÑвоемÑ
+ближнемÑ, Ð²Ñ — пиÑаÑ? Ðни говоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо
обмен Ñо Ñвоим ближним
+моÑалÑно ÑавнознаÑен Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑдно.
ÐÑа моÑÐ°Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑвеÑнÑÑа наизнанкÑ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо нападаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑда оÑенÑ-оÑенÑ
плоÑ
о, а помогаÑÑ ÑвоемÑ
+Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ — Ñ
оÑоÑо, и ÑÑо должно
пооÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ. Ð ÑÑо они делаÑÑ,
+когда наÑинаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²ÐµÑгаÑÑ ÑÑÑовÑм
наказаниÑм лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ñо
+Ñвоими ближними? СколÑко ÑÑÑаÑ
а нÑжно,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑгаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей наÑÑолÑко, ÑÑобÑ
+они пÑекÑаÑили помогаÑÑ Ñвоим ближним?
+ХоÑиÑе Ð²Ñ Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑве, заполненном
ÑеÑÑоÑом до Ñакой ÑÑепени?
+ÐдинÑÑвенное... Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñего они делаÑÑ —
ÑÑо ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑÑоÑа. Ðока
+в двÑÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
, в ÐÑгенÑине, а за ней в
ÐеÑмании, ÑÑи компании, ÑазÑабоÑÑики
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, поÑÑлали пÑблиÑнÑе
ÑгÑозÑ, они ÑгÑожали наÑилием за
+ÑеÑеÑкой за пÑименение
неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑÑ
копий пÑогÑамм.
ÐдинÑÑвенное
+подÑ
одÑÑее Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого название —
когда одни ÑгÑожаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
+наÑилием — ÑÑо ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑÑоÑа, и мÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑомÑ
+ÑеÑÑоÑизмÑ, и немедленно.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо Ñвобода два,
Ñвобода помогаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ,
+необÑ
одима Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑойной жизни? ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
еÑли Ð²Ñ ÑоглаÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° лиÑензиÑ
+неÑвободной пÑогÑаммÑ, Ð²Ñ ÑаÑÑиÑно
пÑинÑли ÑÑаÑÑие в злом деле. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑалÑно
+поÑÑавили ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð² плоÑ
ое положение.
ÐолÑзÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð°, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑÑ ÑвоемÑ
ÑоÑедÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавили ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð² ÑÑловиÑ
+моÑалÑной дилеммÑ, поÑенÑиалÑно. ÐожеÑ,
ÑÑого никогда не ÑлÑÑиÑÑÑ, но как
+ÑолÑко кÑо-Ñо пÑÐ¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ðº вам и ÑкажеÑ:
“Ðожно мне взÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ ÑÑой
+пÑогÑаммÑ?” — как Ð²Ñ ÑÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ
оказÑваеÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед моÑалÑной
+дилеммой, вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð²ÑбиÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ из
двÑÑ
зол. Ðдно из зол —
+ÑделаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ, помоÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ, но
Ñогда Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑаеÑе лиÑензиÑ;
+дÑÑгое из зол — ÑледоваÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии,
но Ñогда Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
ой Ñлен
+обÑеÑÑва.
+Ð Ñо, и дÑÑгое плоÑ
о, Ñак ÑÑо вам пÑидеÑÑÑ
вÑбÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑее зло. ÐенÑÑее зло,
+по Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ,— поделиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ и
наÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¶Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ заÑлÑживаеÑ... в пÑедположении,
ÑÑо ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ñеловек не Ñделал
+ниÑего дÑÑного, не поÑÑÑпал плоÑ
о по
оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº вам,— Ñогда он
+заÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñего ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва. Ð Ñо
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑоÑ, кÑо пÑÑалÑÑ ÑазобÑиÑÑ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñими ближними, кÑо Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½ ни бÑл,
ваÑего ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва не
+заÑлÑживаеÑ, Ñак ÑÑо еÑли вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ
делаÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑное, Ñо лÑÑÑе
+ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо комÑ-Ñо, кÑо ÑÑого заÑлÑживаеÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðднако как ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ñизнали ÑÑо, как
ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ñознали, ÑÑо пÑименение
+ÑÑой неÑвободной пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаеÑ, ÑÑо
на Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑвеÑÑÑвенноÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑиÑÑ Ñ Ð²ÑбоÑом Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñем и
ÑÑим злом, Ñо вам оÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
+оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð² Ñакое положение,
оÑказÑваÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, оÑказÑваÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ ÑÑоиÑе на
+пÑименении и ÑÑÑановке ÑолÑко ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не можеÑе
+попаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñога ÑÑой моÑалÑной дилеммÑ.
ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, когда Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð¸
+попÑоÑил Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñегда
можеÑе оÑвеÑиÑÑ:
+“РазÑмееÑÑÑ”,— и в ÑÑом не бÑдеÑ
никакого зла, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо вÑ
волÑÐ½Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÑо
+знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ обеÑали, ÑÑо бÑдеÑе
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð° Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
+лÑдÑми. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе обмениваÑÑÑÑ, и в ÑÑой
ÑиÑÑаÑии Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего плоÑ
ого. Так
+ÑÑо, как ÑолÑко Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ñизнали, ÑÑо пÑименение
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+пеÑед поÑенÑиалÑной моÑалÑной дилеммой,
Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ <em>неÑ</em>. Ð
+Ñак Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÐµÑе ÑÑой моÑалÑной дилеммÑ.
ÐÑ Ð¾ÑÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð² положении, в коÑоÑом
+можеÑе жиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑойной жизнÑÑ, и Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð°
не обнаÑÑжиÑе, ÑÑо вÑнÑжденÑ
+делаÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑное.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð¶Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð±Ñл в аÑдиÑоÑии, где Ðжон ÐеÑÑи
ÐаÑÐ»Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÑпал Ñ ÑеÑÑÑ, и он
+попÑоÑил поднÑÑÑ ÑÑки ÑеÑ
, Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ не бÑло
неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑÑ
копий никакиÑ
+пÑогÑамм, и из вÑей аÑдиÑоÑии поднÑл ÑÑкÑ
ÑолÑко один Ñеловек, ÑÑо бÑл Ñ. Ð
+он ÑÑо Ñвидел и Ñказал: “Ð, конеÑно, ÑÑо
вє. Ðн знал, ÑÑо вÑе
+мои копии бÑли законнÑми
ÑанкÑиониÑованнÑми копиÑми, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вÑе
ÑÑи
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñли ÑвободнÑми. ÐÑем Ñем, кÑо
делал мне копии, бÑло ÑазÑеÑено
+копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ пеÑедаваÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ
копии. Так ÑÑо вÑе мои копии бÑли
+ÑанкÑиониÑованнÑми.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑиÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
пÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑажаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей в ÑÑÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°
+неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑе копии, поÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о. То, ÑÑо они делаÑÑ,
+пÑоÑивопÑавно, как ÑÑо... как ÑÑо
назÑваеÑÑÑ?.. NASCOM, они поÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о,
+но в Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²ÑнÑжден
ÑкÑÑваÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ копии
+пÑогÑамм, Ñак ÑÑо Ñж лÑÑÑе Ñ Ð±ÑдÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами, а
+Ñогда Ñ ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо оÑкÑÑÑо, даже под
наблÑдением полиÑии. Ð Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ
+даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ копиÑ, ниÑего не боÑÑÑ —
пеÑÐµÐ¹Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
+Ñже не нÑжно жиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÑаÑ
е. Так ÑÑо воÑ
поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑеÑÑÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Свобода Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ñ —
Ñвобода вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
+как вам заблагоÑаÑÑÑдиÑÑÑ. Свобода
один — Ñвобода помогаÑÑ Ñебе,
+изÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ пÑÐ°Ð²Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, ÑÑобÑ
делаÑÑ, ÑÑо вам Ñгодно. Свобода
+два — ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÑеди
дÑÑгиÑ
, а Ñвобода
+ÑÑи — Ñвобода ÑÑÑоиÑÑ Ñвое
ÑообÑеÑÑво, пÑбликÑÑ ÑлÑÑÑеннÑÑ
+веÑÑиÑ, Ñ Ñем ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
полÑзоваÑелÑм пÑогÑаммÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, ни одна из ÑÑиÑ
Ñвобод не
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑоимоÑÑи. СвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ознаÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
по нÑлевой Ñене. Ðа Ñамом
+деле ÑовеÑÑенно пÑавомеÑно, когда лÑди
пÑодаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÑо пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ
+два, Ñвобода два — ÑÑо Ñвобода делаÑÑ
копии и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
+ÑÑеди дÑÑгиÑ
. Ð Ñом ÑиÑле пÑодаваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
,
еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑе. ÐÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
+копии и пÑодаваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐÑавда, лÑди, как
пÑавило, не бÑдÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие
+денÑги за копии, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они знаÑÑ, ÑÑо
можно найÑи кого-нибÑдÑ, кÑо даÑÑ
+копиÑ, Ñак ÑÑо болÑÑинÑÑво не бÑдеÑ
плаÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾. Ðни, можеÑ
+бÑÑÑ, заплаÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑÑ ÑÑммÑ,
понÑÑно, еÑли Ñена доÑÑаÑоÑно низка, еÑли
+им пÑоÑе заплаÑиÑÑ, Ñем ÑÑÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð¸ Ñ
лопоÑаÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ
+беÑплаÑно. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди, коÑоÑÑе пÑодаÑÑ
копии, и они заÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом
+какие-Ñо денÑги.
+Ðо бÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей данÑ, Ñ Ð¼Ñками
вÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð· ниÑ
много денег,—
+ÑÑого лÑди обÑÑно не могÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ
ÑÑого моменÑа полÑзоваÑели ÑÑанÑÑ
+пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñобой, они
возÑмÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑÑд. Так ÑÑо
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ подÑ
одÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
вÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· лÑдей денег Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑо
+вÑедило обÑеÑÑвÑ. Ðо ÑÑо не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо
денÑги никогда не пеÑеÑ
одÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑк в
+ÑÑки, ÑÑо не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо они беÑплаÑнÑ.
Ðногда в лÑди в Ðндии пÑименÑÑÑ Ð²
+оÑноÑении ÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñлово “мÑкє
или
+“ÑÑаÑанÑÑа”, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑеÑкнÑÑÑ, ÑÑо
Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ говоÑим о
+беÑплаÑноÑÑи. Ðо ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ³, коÑоÑÑÑ
полÑзоваÑели могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
+благодаÑÑ ÑомÑ, ÑÑо иÑ
не заÑÑавлÑÑÑ
плаÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑазÑеÑение, и в Ñамом деле
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑениÑ
полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑами в ÑÑÑане, где
много
+беднÑÑ
, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑанкÑиониÑованнÑе
копии пÑогÑамм могÑÑ ÑÑоиÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, Ñем
+Ñам компÑÑÑеÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, Ñам компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑÑоиÑÑ
ÑÑолÑко, а ÑанкÑиониÑованнÑе копии
+пÑогÑамм могÑÑ ÑÑоиÑÑ ÑÑолÑко. ÐÑ, в Ðндии
еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑво лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе
+могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ñебе кÑпиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ,
но никак не могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ
+Ñебе покÑÐ¿ÐºÑ ÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑамм, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
денег Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
ÑолÑко-ÑолÑко Ñ
ваÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+компÑÑÑеÑ. Так ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
могÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ðµ измениÑÑ Ð² Ñом, какие
+лÑди в Ðндии могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нем. Ðока Ð¼Ñ ÑÑого не
+видим, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо многие в Ðндии
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑанкÑиониÑованнÑми копиÑми. Я
+не дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑми
копиÑми полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о, но Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼,
+ÑÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑики неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо невозможнÑм. У
+ниÑ
еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° ÑазнÑÑ
ÑпоÑоба: кампаниÑ
ÑеÑÑоÑа, Ñо еÑÑÑ ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ ÑÑиниÑÑ
+наÑилие над лÑдÑми в ÑÑÑÑме, и ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкие
изменениÑ, не позволÑÑÑие
+неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑм копиÑм ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¸
заÑÑавлÑÑÑие лÑдей ÑегиÑÑÑиÑоваÑÑÑÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ñе ÑÑо
в Windows XP, и ÑакиÑ
Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð±ÑдеÑ
+вÑе болÑÑе.
+ÐÑак, ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÑо в Ðндии бÑдеÑ
вÑе ÑÑÑднее и ÑÑÑднее обÑ
одиÑÑÑÑ
+неÑанкÑиониÑованнÑми копиÑми. Ð ÑÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо иÑполÑзование компÑÑÑеÑов в
+Ðндии и полÑзоваÑели компÑÑÑеÑов в Ðндии
полнÑм Ñ
одом идÑÑ Ðº каÑаÑÑÑоÑе. Ðни
+ÑÑоÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑÑи, коÑоÑÑй Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº бедÑÑвиÑм, а
ÑÑо нÑжно в Ðндии
+поÑÑÑоиÑÑ — ÑÑо пÑедпÑинÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ
по пеÑеÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° дÑÑгой пÑÑÑ,
+пеÑеÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑÑÑ Ðº ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам,
пÑÑÑ, по коÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ ÑйÑи оÑ
+ÑÑой пÑоблемÑ. Так ÑÑо каждÑй обÑеÑÑвеннÑй
инÑÑиÑÑÑ Ðндии, каждое
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение, ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ñкола,
ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑганизаÑиÑ, должнÑ
+ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð»Ñди как можно
ÑкоÑее пеÑеÑли Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободного пÑÑи на
+ÑвободнÑй пÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑÑого-Ñо они и не делаÑÑ. Ð Ð²Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾
ÑвидиÑе, еÑли Ñлегка оглÑнеÑеÑÑ
+вокÑÑг, ÑÑо гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе оÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð² Ðндии
по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи пÑименÑÑÑ
+неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Ð ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð² Ðндии
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑо
+ÑжаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñибка, ÑÑо дÑÑаÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ пагÑбнаÑ
полиÑика, гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво, конеÑно,
+заÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами. ÐаждÑй полÑзоваÑелÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑов заÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑеÑÑÑеÑ
Ñвобод, в
Ñом ÑиÑле гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе
+ÑÑÑеждениÑ, коÑоÑÑе полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммами. Ðо когда ÑÑо гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное
+ÑÑÑеждение, на нем Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑÑÑвенноÑÑÑ,
обÑзанноÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾Ñ Ð² полÑзÑ
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвенное ÑÑÑеждение обÑабаÑÑваеÑ
+даннÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва и оно оÑвеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð° Ñо,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑдеÑживаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+Ñвоими компÑÑÑеÑами, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ,
ÑÑо обÑабоÑка даннÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+ведÑÑ, пÑоводиÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑно. Ð ÑамкаÑ
законноÑÑи они не могÑÑ ÑоглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑабоÑка даннÑÑ
попала в ÑаÑÑнÑе
ÑÑки, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑаÑÑнÑе компании
+конÑÑолиÑовали ÑабоÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я вижÑ, много лÑдей Ñ
одÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÐºÑÑг, ÑÑо
ÑÑо?.. Я не ÑлÑÑÑ, звÑк, видимо,
+вÑклÑÑен...
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ ÑобиÑаем вопÑоÑÑ, ÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Ðадно, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ ÑÑо Ñже
Ñделали. Я пÑодолжаÑ. ÐÑак,
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑзанÑ
гаÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо они пÑодолжаÑÑ
+конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° иÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐонимаÑ, Ð²Ñ Ñже ÑобиÑаеÑе вопÑоÑÑ. Ðо Ñ
еÑе не даже законÑил! ÐÑ, ладно... Я
+где-Ñо Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñил. ХоÑоÑо, Ñ
понимаÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿ÑодолжÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, вÑпомниÑе, еÑли вÑ
полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободной пÑогÑаммой, Ð²Ñ Ð¶Ðµ
не
+знаеÑе, ÑÑо она делаеÑ, и Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе, ÑÑо она делаеÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе
+знаÑÑ, Ð½ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñам лазейки. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди,
коÑоÑÑе подозÑеваÑÑ, ÑÑо компаниÑ
+Microsoft заложила Ð»Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¹ÐºÑ Ð² Windows и дÑÑгие
пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ знаем, поÑомÑ
+ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем пÑоÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ, Ð½ÐµÑ ÑпоÑоба ÑзнаÑÑ, Ð½ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñам
+лазейки. РеÑе Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, ÑÑо какие-Ñо
ÑоÑÑÑдники Microsoft заложили
+лазейкÑ, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
об ÑÑом не пÑоÑили. Я
ÑлÑÑал, кÑо-Ñо из ÑабоÑавÑиÑ
над
+Windows XP бÑл аÑеÑÑован по Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑабоÑе
на ÑеÑÑоÑиÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ
+оÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ попÑÑкаÑ
заложиÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¹ÐºÑ.
Так воÑ, ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, еÑли вÑ
+пÑименÑеÑе неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо компаниÑ, Ñо
+еÑÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑик, Ñайно заложил лазейкÑ, а
Ñакже пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñого,
+ÑÑо какие-Ñо ÑазÑабоÑÑики Ñайно заложили
лазейкÑ, о коÑоÑой не Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ
+компаниÑ. Ðело в Ñом, ÑÑо, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
можеÑе полÑÑиÑÑ, иÑÑледоваÑÑ Ð¸
+пÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð² обоиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
беÑпомоÑнÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Microsoft Ñделала кое-ÑÑо оÑенÑ
глÑпое. ÐÑо пÑоÑÑо ÑепÑÑ
а. Ðни
+ÑÐºÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ñедложили ÑазлиÑнÑм гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвам
доÑÑÑп к иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑекÑÑÑ. Ðо они
+Ñделали ÑÑо моÑенниÑеÑким обÑазом.
ÐапÑимеÑ, они пÑедложили гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑм
+оÑганам Ðндии доÑÑÑп к иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑекÑÑÑ
Windows. Ðо ÑÑо не знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо они
+пÑедложили им ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа.
ÐиÑÑÑÑ! Ðни пÑедложили доÑÑÑп на
+оÑобÑй ÑайÑ, на коÑоÑÑй неÑколÑко
избÑаннÑÑ
Ñиновников ÑмогÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¹Ñи, а заÑем
+пÑоÑмаÑÑиваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑоÑкам. Ð
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð²
+иÑÑ
одном ÑекÑÑе. Ðо они никак не могли бÑ
гаÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ,
+на коÑоÑÑй они ÑмоÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе, ÑÑо в
ÑоÑноÑÑи Ñо же, ÑÑо ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° иÑ
+маÑинаÑ
. Так ÑÑо вÑе ÑÑо обман. ÐÑÑам на
ÑмеÑ
. Ðо ÑмеÑлиÑÑ Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ над
+индийÑким гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвом, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ñо
ÑоглаÑилоÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Рв Ñо же вÑемÑ, даже еÑли одна
оÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑила Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑп к иÑÑ
одномÑ
+ÑекÑÑÑ, еÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñей оÑганизаÑии неÑ
доÑÑÑпа к иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑекÑÑÑ, ÑÑо вам не
+поможеÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðаждой Ñколе в Ðндии ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. Так ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑиÑÑ
+деÑей в Ðндии ÑаÑÑи полÑзоваÑелÑми
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐонимаеÑе, ÑÑиÑÑ
+деÑей ÑÑановиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑми
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
+на пÑÑÑ, коÑоÑÑй Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº каÑаÑÑÑоÑе. Так
ÑÑо Ñколам ниÑего не оÑÑаеÑÑÑ, как
+ÑÑиÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
деÑей ÑаÑÑи полÑзоваÑелÑми
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðе надо ÑдивлÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Microsoft пÑедлагаеÑ
Ñколам Ðндии беÑплаÑнÑе копии
+Windows. Ðни делаÑÑ ÑÑо по Ñем же пÑиÑинам, по
коÑоÑÑм ÑабаÑнÑе компании
+когда-Ñо пÑедлагали деÑÑм беÑплаÑнÑе
паÑки ÑигаÑеÑ. Ðни делаÑÑ ÑÑо не длÑ
+Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ-Ñо помоÑÑ. Ðни делаÑÑ ÑÑо,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑепÑе ÑÑ
ваÑиÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
+деÑей. Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ пÑоÑÑÑ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑÑаÑÑ
оÑÑдиÑми, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
они иÑ
+деÑжаÑ. Рв ÑÑом Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего ÑдивиÑелÑного.
ÐÑли Ð²Ñ ÑÑавниÑе Microsoft Ñ
+дÑÑгими ÑоÑмами колониализма, Ð²Ñ ÑвидиÑе
много ÑÑ
одного. ÐÐµÐ´Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ
колониализма. РазÑабоÑÑики... здеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ одна
+ÑÑÑана колонизиÑÑÐµÑ Ð´ÑÑгÑÑ, а ÑазлиÑнÑе
компании пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑоваÑÑ
+веÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ñ. РделаÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑакÑики “ÑазделÑй и
+влаÑÑвÑй”. ÐÑÑавлÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
ÑазобÑеннÑми и беÑпомоÑнÑми.
+РеÑли Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´ÑмаеÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑÑим, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
Ñем, ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма, она оÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
ÑазобÑеннÑми и
+беÑпомоÑнÑми. РазобÑеннÑми, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо вам
запÑеÑено ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸
+ÑÑеди дÑÑгиÑ
, запÑеÑено помогаÑÑ ÑвоемÑ
ÑоÑедÑ. РбеÑпомоÑнÑми, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе взÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¸
пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. Так ÑÑо пÑи Ñакой ÑакÑике
+“ÑазделÑй и влаÑÑвÑй” наблÑдаеÑÑÑ
Ñакже ÑакÑика иÑполÑзованиÑ
+меÑÑнÑÑ
[45:20] ???? Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
в Ñзде. Так ÑÑо Microsoft
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑобÑе ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñем, кÑо
кажеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñм оÑобÑм влиÑнием,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ пÑименÑли Windows, и Ñаким обÑазом
деÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
оÑÑалÑнÑÑ
в
+Ñзде. Таким обÑазом они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑми оÑганами. Ð Ñаким
+обÑазом они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑазоваÑелÑнÑми
ÑÑÑеждениÑми. Школам Ðндии ÑледÑеÑ
+оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и Ñем
ÑамÑм оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñеление
+Ðндии в Ñзде, под гоÑподÑÑвом
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðо еÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ еÑе более глÑбокиÑ
пÑиÑинÑ,
по коÑоÑÑм Ñколам Ðндии ÑледÑеÑ
+наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
. Ðдна
пÑиÑина —
+обÑазование. Ðогда лÑди доÑÑигаÑÑ
подÑоÑÑкового возÑаÑÑа, к некоÑоÑÑм из ниÑ
+пÑиÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑвлеÑение компÑÑÑеÑами. Ðни Ñ
оÑÑÑ ÑзнаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ вÑем, ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
одиÑ
+внÑÑÑи ÑÑого компÑÑÑеÑа. Ðни Ñ
оÑÑÑ ÑзнаÑÑ,
как ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑа пÑогÑамма. ÐÑли
+они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами,
ÑÑиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²ÑнÑжден им говоÑиÑÑ:
+“Ð ÑожалениÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе ÑÑого ÑзнаÑÑ,
и Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑÑого ÑзнаÑÑ. ÐÑо
+ÑекÑеÑ. ÐнаÑÑ ÑÑо Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ позволено”.
ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+запÑеÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ñазование. Ркогда пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑвободнÑ, ÑÑиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑказаÑÑ:
+“СколÑко Ñгодно. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
ÑÑой пÑогÑаммÑ. ЧиÑайÑе его. ÐÑ
+можеÑе изÑÑаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. РпоÑом, когда вÑ
пÑоÑÑеÑе иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, попÑобÑйÑе
+внеÑÑи изменение, попÑобÑйÑе внеÑÑи
неболÑÑое изменение в ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ. Ð
+поÑом попÑобÑйÑе внеÑÑи дÑÑгое изменение.
ÐопÑобÑйÑе изменÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐопÑобÑйÑе изменÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммє. Ð Ñаким обÑазом
+ÑÑÑденÑÑ, ÑвлеÑеннÑе компÑÑÑеÑами, бÑдÑÑ
ÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑие пÑогÑаммÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐаÑколÑко Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑÑдиÑÑ, некоÑоÑÑе
ÑождаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²Ñками пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,
+ÑождаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑазвиваеÑÑÑ
Ñак, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑдÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²Ñки
+пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ. Ðни бÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑожденнÑми
пÑогÑаммиÑÑами. Ðо ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ
+ÑÑнÑе понÑÑнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑомÑ
надо ÑÑиÑÑÑÑ. Так
+ÑÑиÑаеÑÑÑ. УÑаÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди, ÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑво иÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов и пÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑво
+пÑогÑамм. Таким обÑазом они ÑзнаÑÑ, ÑÑо
Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑÑми Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑениÑ
+и пониманиÑ. ÐаждÑй Ñаз, когда Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаеÑеÑÑ
ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ когда ÑÑÑдно
+найÑи опÑеделенное меÑÑо, Ð²Ñ ÑзнаеÑе, ÑÑо
Ñак ÑÑнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+пиÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в ÑÑом
не помогаÑÑ. ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+пÑоÑÑо деÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾ ÑÑме. Ðо еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑколÑ
Ðндии пеÑеÑли на ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñо они ÑмогÑÑ Ð¿ÑедложиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑм
возможноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑо
+пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. УÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñак же, как ÑÑо
делал Ñ.
+Ð ÑемидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
XX века Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑил
ÑедкÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ. Я ÑабоÑал в
+ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа в
MIT. Ð Ñам Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñла ÑвоÑ
+ÑобÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñемени,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла Ñвободной. ÐÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ
+Ñо вÑеми. ÐÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ ÑадовалиÑÑ, когда кÑо-Ñо
инÑеÑеÑовалÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹-нибÑÐ´Ñ ÐµÐµ
+ÑаÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑ ÑадовалиÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй Ñаз, когда
кÑо-Ñо Ñ
оÑел пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ Ðº нам,
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ Ð¸ помогаÑÑ ÐµÐµ ÑазвиваÑÑ.
Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑил возможноÑÑÑ
+ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÑи ÑазнообÑазнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
коÑоÑÑе бÑли ÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, и
+вноÑиÑÑ Ð² ниÑ
изменениÑ. Ð Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ ÑÑо Ñнова
и Ñнова долгие годÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑилÑÑ
+пиÑаÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑие пÑогÑаммÑ. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
ÑакÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ, мне нÑжно бÑло
+оказаÑÑÑÑ Ð² одном-единÑÑвенном меÑÑе на
Ðемле, ÑÑо бÑла оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑедкаÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ, ÑÑо бÑло необÑÑно. СегоднÑ
лÑбой пеÑÑоналÑнÑй компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+ÑпÑавлением GNU плÑÑ Linux даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑакÑÑ
возможноÑÑÑ. ÐÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ñкола в Ðндии,
+в коÑоÑой еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ, можеÑ
пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ ÑÑаÑимÑÑ ÑакÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ
возможноÑÑÑ,
+какÑÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ полÑÑиÑÑ ÑолÑко в MIT.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо в ÑколаÑ
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑазованиÑ, но
+еÑÑÑ ÐµÑе более глÑÐ±Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑина, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑедназнаÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑолÑко
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо ÑÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑакÑам,
пÑоÑÑо даваÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²Ñки,— иÑ
+знаÑение еÑе глÑбже: они пÑедназнаÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑиÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ
Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ñой
+воли, пÑивÑÑке ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
лÑдÑми. Так ÑÑо в ÑколаÑ
должно бÑÑÑ
+пÑавило: “ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑиноÑиÑе в клаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, вам не позволено
+деÑжаÑÑ ÐµÐµ пÑи Ñебе, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим
деÑÑм ее
+ÑкопиÑоваÑÑ”. ÐÑавило добÑопоÑÑдоÑнÑÑ
гÑаждан. ÐонеÑно, Ñкола Ñама
+должна ÑоблÑдаÑÑ ÑÑо пÑавило. Так ÑÑо
Ñкола должна пÑиноÑиÑÑ Ð² клаÑÑ ÑолÑко
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
ÑабоÑаÑÑие на компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
в клаÑÑе,
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑ, и Ñаким обÑазом
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑÑаÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+добÑопоÑÑдоÑнÑми гÑажданами.
+</p>
+
+<p>ТÑи недели назад... неÑ, ÑÑо бÑло две
недели назад, когда Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑеÑалÑÑ Ñ
+докÑоÑом Ðаламом и обÑÑÑнÑл емÑ, поÑемÑ
Ñколам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ,
+Ñ Ð±Ñл бÑквалÑно в воÑÑоÑге, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо он
понÑл ÑÑо моменÑалÑно. Ðн
+ÑоглаÑилÑÑ Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÐµÐ¹ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ñем, как
колониалÑнÑе влаÑÑи пÑÑалиÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑбоваÑÑ
+[51:40] ???? в каÑеÑÑве ÑвоиÑ
помоÑников,
коÑоÑÑе деÑжали оÑÑалÑное
+наÑеление в Ñзде. Ð Ñамое главное, какие-Ñо
лÑди из Microsoft ждали, ÑÑобÑ
+поговоÑиÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ поÑле менÑ. Я ÑвеÑен, ÑÑо
когда он говоÑил Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸... ÑÑо
+ÑÑо ÑопоÑÑавление бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ в
голове, когда его бÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
+ÑбедиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ Ñо или дÑÑгое, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
они пÑедложили Ñвоего Ñода Ñоблазн
+помогаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ ÐÐ½Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñзде.
+ЧÑо ÑлÑÑилоÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñой вÑÑÑеÑе, Ñ, конеÑно, не
знаÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑло
+на поÑледовавÑей вÑÑÑеÑе Ñ Microsoft. Ðо Ñ
ÑвеÑен, ÑÑо когда ÑÑа аналогиÑ
+бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ в голове, она бÑдеÑ
оказÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ðµ-Ñо влиÑние, и Ñ
+надеÑÑÑ, она Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð¶ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ðµ-Ñо влиÑние и на
ваÑ. Ðогда ваÑ, ÑаÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð¹Ñкого
+[52:30] ???, пÑиглаÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑжаÑÑ ÐÐ½Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñзде.
ЧÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑе, ÑÑо ваÑ
+долг — ÑказаÑÑ <em>неÑ</em>. Ðогда кÑо-Ñо
пÑиглаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ Ðº Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ, в коÑоÑом Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеплеÑаем
+Ñвои пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑе, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑе,
ÑÑо именно Ñак можно положиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑ
+колониализмÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ, а когда кÑо-Ñо говоÑиÑ: “Ðак? У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²
Ðндии Ñилиал; Ð¼Ñ ÑÑаÑили
+миллион доллаÑов в год, оплаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑги
неÑколÑкиÑ
Ñеловек в Ðндии. Разве
+ÑÑого не доÑÑаÑоÑно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ можно бÑло
колонизиÑоваÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
+ÐндиÑ?” ÐÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑизнаеÑе, ÑÑо ÑÑо ÑÑÑаÑ
ÑепÑÑ
а. ÐÑиÑанÑÑ Ñоже нанимали
+лÑдей в Ðндии, но ÑÑо не Ñделало
колониализм Ñ
оÑоÑим, не Ñделало его
+пÑавомеÑнÑм, не Ñделало его ÑÑиÑнÑм.
ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо каждÑй полÑзоваÑелÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑов заÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнÑл, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑ. ЧÑо же нам длÑ
+ÑÑого делаÑÑ? Ð 1983 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ ÑазмÑÑлÑл об
ÑÑиÑ
вопÑоÑаÑ
и пÑиÑел к
+заклÑÑениÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
ÑвободнÑ; ÑÑо единÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб жиÑÑ
+Ñвободно — наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
. Ðо ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ длÑ
+ÑÑого ÑделаÑÑ? ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе полÑÑиÑÑ
компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нем, пÑежде
+вÑего вам нÑжна опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема,
а в 1983 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñе
+опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑовÑеменнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов бÑли неÑвободнÑ. ЧÑо же Ñ
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑделаÑÑ? ÐдинÑÑвеннÑм ÑпоÑобом
полÑÑиÑÑ ÑовÑеменнÑй компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸
+ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нем бÑло подпиÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ñ
обеÑанием пÑедаваÑÑ ÑвоиÑ
+ÑоÑедей. Ðак могла поÑвиÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑива?
ÐдинÑÑвеннÑм ÑпоÑобом полÑÑиÑÑ
+алÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ, единÑÑвеннÑм ÑпоÑобом
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑом, не поÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñо
+Ñвободой, бÑло напиÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ.
+Я и ÑеÑил, ÑÑо ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ ÑÑо. Я бÑл ÑазÑабоÑÑик
опеÑаÑионнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем. У менÑ
+бÑли навÑки, необÑ
одимÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой ÑабоÑÑ.
Так ÑÑо Ñ ÑеÑил, ÑÑо напиÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑмÑÑ,
пÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо,
+пÑедположиÑелÑно Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑоÑÑи. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо в
Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ за ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑолÑко наÑиналоÑÑ, вÑагов не
бÑло. У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо бÑло много
+ÑабоÑÑ. Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ñ ÑеÑил, ÑÑо бÑдÑ
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑемÑ, и Ñ ÑеÑил ÑделаÑÑ ÐµÐµ подобной Unix.
Так ÑÑо она бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеноÑимой,
+а полÑзоваÑелÑм Unix бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑÑдно пеÑейÑи
на ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ,
+коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ ÑвободÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я ÑообÑазил, ÑÑо, Ñделав ее ÑовмеÑÑимой Ñ
какими-Ñо ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑими
+попÑлÑÑнÑми ÑиÑÑемами, Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑим болÑÑе
полÑзоваÑелей и Ñем ÑамÑм болÑÑее
+ÑообÑеÑÑво ÑвободÑ, ÑвободнÑй миÑ
вÑÑаÑÑÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе. Ð Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð» ÑиÑÑеме название
+GNU, ÑÑо ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ “<span lang="en" xml:lang="en">GNU's not
Unix</span>
+(GNU — не Unix)”. ÐÑо ÑÑÑливÑй ÑпоÑоб
оÑдаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ðµ идеÑм
+Unix. ÐÑо ÑекÑÑÑивное ÑокÑаÑение, а Ñ
пÑогÑаммиÑÑов бÑла ÑÑадиÑиÑ
+ÑазвлекаÑÑÑÑ, оÑÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑемÑ
должное ÑемÑ-Ñо. Ð Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñлово GNU
+ÑаÑÑо ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ð² игÑе Ñлов, ÑÑо Ñлово,
Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм ÑвÑзано много ÑмоÑа,
+ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ наилÑÑÑим из возможнÑÑ
названий Ñего Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло. Ðне
+ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑниÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñлово “<span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">gnu</span>” ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñное из
ÐÑÑики. ÐÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ
+живоÑнÑм в каÑеÑÑве Ñимвола. Так ÑÑо еÑли
Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ñе ÑлÑбаÑÑееÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñное Ñ
+какими-Ñо Ñогами, коÑоÑое ÑвÑзано Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñими
пÑогÑаммами, Ñо ÑÑо гнÑ.
+ÐÑак, двадÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¸ один меÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´, в
ÑнваÑе 1984 года, Ñ Ð¾ÑÑавил
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑÑ Ð² MIT и пÑиÑÑÑпил к ÑазÑабоÑке
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU. ÐонеÑно, Ñ Ð½Ðµ вÑе
+делал Ñам, Ñ ÑÑаÑалÑÑ Ñакже пÑивлеÑÑ Ð²
помоÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
, и поÑÑепенно, год за
+годом пÑиÑоединÑлоÑÑ Ð²Ñе болÑÑе и болÑÑе
лÑдей. Ðа воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑе годÑ
+XX века, нÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ñделали ÑолÑко неÑколÑко
ÑаÑÑей ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU; некоÑоÑÑе
+из ÑÑиÑ
ÑаÑÑей бÑли пÑевоÑÑ
однÑ, Ñак ÑÑо
лÑди бÑали иÑ
и ÑÑÑанавливали на
+Ñвои неÑвободнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ,
ÑекÑÑовÑй ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ GNU Emacs и
+компилÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ð¸ GNU. ÐÑо бÑли пÑогÑаммÑ,
коÑоÑÑм лÑди ÑÑилиÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ на Ñвоей
+неÑвободной ÑиÑÑеме Unix. Ðо наÑÑоÑÑей наÑей
ÑелÑÑ Ð±Ñло не пÑоÑÑо полÑÑиÑÑ
+неÑколÑко попÑлÑÑнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм —
ÑелÑÑ Ð±Ñло ÑделаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑемÑ. Так ÑÑо нам Ñледовало
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем;
+оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑ
одиÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑеÑей неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм. Так ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñодолжали заполнÑÑÑ
ÑÑи пÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð² ÑиÑÑеме, и к наÑалÑ
+девÑноÑÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑÑавалÑÑ ÑолÑко один
важнÑй пÑобел — ÑÑо бÑло
+ÑдÑо.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð 1991 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑинÑкого ÑеÑ
никÑма
напиÑал Ñвободное ÑдÑо и вÑпÑÑÑил его
+под названием Linux. Ðа Ñамом деле
в 1991 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ не бÑло
+Ñвободно. СнаÑала его вÑпÑÑÑили под
лиÑензией, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла немного ÑлиÑком
+огÑаниÑиÑелÑна и не ÑвлÑлаÑÑ Ñвободной. Ðо
в 1992 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð½ Ñменил
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñделал ÑдÑо Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммой. Ð ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑало возможнÑм
+взÑÑÑ ÑÑо ÑдÑо, вÑÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ в пÑобел в
ÑиÑÑеме GNU и полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑемÑ. СиÑÑемÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
ÑоÑеÑание GNU и Linux. ÐÑа
+опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU плÑÑ Linux
наÑÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑки миллионов
+полÑзоваÑелей.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑожалениÑ, болÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
не знаеÑ,
ÑÑо ÑÑо в оÑновном ÑиÑÑема
+GNU. Ðни дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо вÑÑ ÑиÑÑема — ÑÑо
Linux. ÐÑо ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ
+пÑÑаниÑÑ. ÐÑди, коÑоÑÑе Ñложили Linux и
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU,— они не
+оÑознавали, ÑÑо они воÑполÑзовалиÑÑ Linux,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ñобел. Ðни
+дÑмали, ÑÑо они наÑинаÑÑ Ñ Linux и добавлÑÑÑ
дÑÑгие компоненÑÑ, нÑжнÑе длÑ
+полной ÑиÑÑемÑ. Так воÑ, вÑе дÑÑгие
компоненÑÑ Ð±Ñли в обÑем и Ñелом ÑиÑÑемой
+GNU. Ðо они не пÑизнали ÑÑого. Ðни дÑмали, ÑÑо
наÑинаÑÑ Ñ Linux и пÑевÑаÑаÑÑ
+ее в полнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ. Так ÑÑо они ÑÑали
говоÑиÑÑ Ð¾ вÑей ÑиÑÑеме как о
+“Linux”. ÐеÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо на деле ÑÑо
бÑла болÑÑе GNU. ÐÑÑÑда
+пÑÑаниÑа, коÑоÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ñ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ñе.
Ðногие лÑди, когда они говоÑÑÑ Ð¾
+ÑиÑÑеме GNU, назÑваÑÑ ÐµÐµ “Linux”. Ðа Ñамом
деле, еÑли вÑ
+ÑлÑÑиÑе, как кÑо-Ñо говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ Linux, Ñо, еÑли
ÑолÑко он не говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾
+вÑÑÑоенной ÑиÑÑеме, он поÑÑи навеÑное
подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU Ñ
+добавлением Linux. Ðо иногда он говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾
вÑÑÑоеннÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
, и ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½,
+возможно, дейÑÑвиÑелÑно подÑазÑÐ¼ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Linux.
ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо во вÑÑÑоеннÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑемаÑ
иногда пÑименÑÑÑ ÑдÑо Ñамо по
Ñебе, без оÑÑалÑной опеÑаÑионной
+ÑиÑÑемÑ. Ðо вÑÑÑоенном компÑÑÑеÑе ÑелаÑ
опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема не нÑжна.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ пÑÑаниÑÑ. ÐÑди говоÑÑÑ
“Linux”, и один Ñаз они
+имеÑÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, Ñ
коÑоÑой можно ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+пеÑÑоналÑном компÑÑÑеÑе или ÑеÑвеÑе, а
дÑÑгой Ñаз они имеÑÑ Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ ÑолÑко
+ÑÑо ÑдÑо, коÑоÑого доÑÑаÑоÑно длÑ
вÑÑÑоенной маÑинÑ, и ÑолÑко. Так ÑÑо, еÑли
+Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑиÑе вводиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей в заблÑждение,
вам нÑжно иÑ
ÑазлиÑаÑÑ,
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑазнÑми названиÑми длÑ
ÑазнÑÑ
веÑей. Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑе о ÑдÑе,
+назÑвайÑе его, пожалÑйÑÑа, “Linux”. Ðно
бÑло напиÑано Ñеловеком,
+коÑоÑÑй вÑбÑал название “Linux”. РмÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+названием, коÑоÑое он вÑбÑал. Ðогда вÑ
говоÑиÑе об опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме, ÑÑо
+по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи GNU. Ркогда Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÑпил к
ее ÑазÑабоÑке, Ñ Ð²ÑбÑал название
+“GNU”. Так ÑÑо назÑвайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, иÑ
ÑоÑеÑание “GNU
+плÑÑ Linux”. ÐÑе, о Ñем Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑ —
ÑавнознаÑное Ñпоминание
+главнÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков ÑиÑÑемÑ, пÑоекÑа GNU.
ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñали ÑамÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑемÑ, и Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл замÑÑел по вÑполнениÑ
вÑей ÑабоÑÑ Ð² Ñелом. УпоминайÑе,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑавнÑм обÑазом. Ðам ÑÑо
нÑжно. Ðам ÑÑо нÑжно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ. Ð
аÑÑказÑваÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑм об ÑÑиÑеÑкой подоплеке:
+какие ÑоÑиалÑнÑе и полиÑиÑеÑкие вопÑоÑÑ
здеÑÑ ÑÑоÑÑ, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
+бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так воÑ, пÑедлагалоÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñил
кое о какиÑ
пÑоблемаÑ
, ÑвÑзаннÑÑ
Ñ
+аппаÑаÑÑÑой. Ðногда ÑпÑаÑиваÑÑ, должна ли
аппаÑаÑÑÑа Ñоже бÑÑÑ
+Ñвободной. ÐÑ, вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл ÑолÑко
ÑаÑÑиÑно. ÐедÑ, как понимаеÑе, ÑÑо
+знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñвободной? ÐÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ,
+еÑли вам Ñгодно, изÑÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо она делаеÑ, и
пÑавиÑÑ ÐµÐµ. РкопиÑоваÑÑ ÐµÐµ, и
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸, в Ñом ÑиÑле
измененнÑе. Ðо, как понимаеÑе, обÑÑнÑе
+полÑзоваÑели аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ могÑÑ ÐµÐµ
копиÑоваÑÑ. УÑÑÑойÑÑв копиÑованиÑ
+неÑ. ÐÑли Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑнÑй полÑзоваÑелÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÐµÐµ копиÑоваÑÑ. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+в лÑбом компÑÑÑеÑе еÑÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑво
копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм. Рмне не нÑжно
+никакиÑ
оÑобÑÑ
ÑÑедÑÑв, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑоÑÑоÑнии изÑÑаÑÑ ÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ
+иÑ
. Ðне нÑжно ÑолÑко знаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑование. Тогда Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ, пÑи ÑÑловии ÑÑо ÑазÑабоÑÑик
Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ полÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного
+ÑекÑÑа.
+Ðо аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð½Ðµ копиÑованием.
Ðогда делаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÑ, иÑ
не кладÑÑ
+в ÑнивеÑÑалÑное ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво копиÑованиÑ.
ÐонимаеÑе, еÑли кÑо-Ñо Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+микÑопÑоÑеÑÑоÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе копиÑоваÑÑ
ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑделаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгÑÑ
+ÑакÑÑ Ð¶Ðµ. ÐÑого никÑо не можеÑ. УÑÑÑойÑÑв
копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ. ТепеÑÑ ÑÑо
+каÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹. ÐикÑоÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ
никÑо не можеÑ. Ðогда она Ñделана,
+она Ñделана. ÐÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
емÑ, коÑоÑÑе
наÑÑÑаиваÑÑÑÑ. Ðо ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð·ÑÑÑ Ð¸
+измениÑÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
ÐµÐ¼Ñ —
Ñакое невозможно. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑоÑÑ
ем,
+коÑоÑÑе наÑÑÑаиваÑÑÑÑ, к пÑимеÑÑ, еÑли в
ниÑ
пÑедÑÑмоÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑопÑогÑаммÑ
+или еÑли ÑÑо пÑогÑаммиÑÑемÑе логиÑеÑкие
маÑÑиÑÑ, микÑопÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ —
+ÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑо не аппаÑаÑÑÑа. СÑ
ема
Ñоединений венÑилей, коÑоÑаÑ
+запиÑÑваеÑÑÑ Ð² пÑогÑаммиÑÑемÑÑ
логиÑеÑкÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑиÑÑ — ÑÑа ÑÑ
ема
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑÑ ÑÑ
емÑ
можно легко пÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ копиÑоваÑÑ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо пÑогÑамма.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо ÑÑо Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ понÑÑÑ, как ÑÑи
пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑазлиÑнÑми
+ÑиÑÑаÑиÑми. ÐбÑазеÑ, коÑоÑÑй Ð²Ñ ÐºÑда-Ñо
загÑÑжаеÑе,— ÑÑо пÑогÑамма. Ð
+ÑизиÑеÑкий обÑÐµÐºÑ — ÑÑо аппаÑаÑÑÑа.
ФизиÑеÑкий обÑÐµÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ
+пÑоÑÑо ÑкопиÑоваÑÑ, его надо делаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
заводе.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðо иногда Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´ÑÑгой вопÑоÑ,
коÑоÑÑй в оÑноÑении аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ
+ÑмÑÑл. ÐÑо ÑпеÑиÑикаÑии изделиÑ,
опÑбликованнÑе. ÐонимаеÑе, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
+обÑеÑÑво полÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸ ÑеÑÑежей и ÑзнаÑÑ,
ÑÑо Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑа. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑÑо в
+опÑеделеннÑÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
необÑ
одимо, ÑÑобÑ
можно бÑло пÑовеÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑедоноÑнÑе
+ÑÑнкÑии. ÐÑо доволÑно Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема.
ÐонимаеÑе, ÑанÑÑе, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð±Ñали
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð»ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ñка,— ÑÑо ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñа, ее
вÑÑавлÑли в компÑÑÑеÑ,—
+вам не пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð¾Ñобенно беÑпокоиÑÑÑÑ.
ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ опаÑноÑÑÑ, ÑÑо в
+конÑÑоллеÑе диÑка бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑнаÑ
ÑÑнкÑиÑ? ÐÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¾Ñобой опаÑноÑÑи-Ñо не
+бÑло. ÐакладÑваÑÑ Ð²ÑедоноÑнÑе ÑÑнкÑии
лÑдÑм в конÑÑоллеÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ñков Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¾Ñобого
+ÑмÑÑла. ÐÐµÐ´Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ поÑлали ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð²
Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð»ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ñка? Такое бÑло
+пÑоÑÑо неÑеалÑно. Ðо по меÑе Ñого как ÑÑи
конÑÑоллеÑÑ ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе
+болÑÑе... по меÑе Ñого как аппаÑаÑÑÑа
ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð²Ñе моÑнее и моÑнее, ее
+можно ÑмеÑÑиÑÑ Ð² менÑÑем обÑеме,
ÑÑановиÑÑÑ ÑеалÑно заложиÑÑ Ð² ваÑ
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð»ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ñка, в Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑопÑоÑеÑÑоÑ, в
ваÑÑ ÑеÑевÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð»Ð°Ð·ÐµÐ¹ÐºÑ. Так
+воÑ, оÑкÑда Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑе, не наÑÑÑоена ли ваÑа
ÑеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñа на пÑием какого-Ñо
+ÑекÑеÑного пакеÑа, коÑоÑÑй заÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐµ Ñак
или инаÑе ÑпиониÑÑ Ð·Ð° вами?
+</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо ÑÑи пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиобÑеÑаÑÑ
знаÑение, как ÑолÑко аппаÑаÑÑÑа ÑÑановиÑÑÑ
+доÑÑаÑоÑно моÑной, нам нÑжно наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°
Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолиÑовали, ÑÑо
+в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи Ñам наÑ
одиÑÑÑ. Ðо вÑ
замеÑили, ÑÑо многое внÑÑÑи Ñак
+назÑваемой аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñамом деле
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой пÑогÑаммÑ. СейÑаÑ
+внÑÑÑи Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
конÑÑоллеÑов ÑÑÑÑойÑÑв
еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ. РеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
+коÑоÑÑе запиÑÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ, и
ÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑ. ТолÑко Ñак Ð¼Ñ Ñможем довеÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼.
ТолÑко Ñак Ð¼Ñ Ñможем бÑÑÑ
+ÑвеÑенÑ, ÑÑо Ñам не ÑкÑÑваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо
ÑекÑеÑнÑе лазейки, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑпиониÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+нами. ÐÑо должно бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, обÑее пÑавило, еÑли мне задаÑÑ
вопÑÐ¾Ñ “пÑименимо ли ÑÑо к
+компÑÑÑеÑам, коÑоÑÑе вÑÑÑоенÑ?” —
Ñ Ð´Ñмал об ÑÑом и пÑиÑел
+к заклÑÑениÑ, ÑÑо еÑли новÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
можно загÑÑзиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑ, Ñо
+ÑÑо, по-видимомÑ, компÑÑÑеÑ, ÑÑо наÑÑоÑÑий
компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ,
+полÑзоваÑелÑ. Ð ÑÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
должна бÑÑÑ Ñвобода конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðо Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ñ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐµÑ
дÑÑгой вопÑоÑ: ÑÑо, еÑли ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑеÑÑÑ — ÐнÑеÑнеÑом,
ÑоÑовой ÑелеÑонной ÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+какой Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло еÑе? ÐÑли оно можеÑ
ÑообÑаÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑгим лÑдÑм, Ñо вÑ
+не знаеÑе, не ÑÐ¿Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸ оно за вами. Так
ÑÑо ÑÑо должно бÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами. РаÑÑмоÑÑим, к пÑимеÑÑ,
поÑÑаÑивнÑе ÑелеÑонÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ должнÑ
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ñаким ÑелеÑоном, еÑли
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑвободнÑ. Уже ÑÑÑеÑÑвовали
+поÑÑаÑивнÑе ÑелеÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑнÑми
вÑедоноÑнÑми ÑÑнкÑиÑми.
+Ð ÐвÑопе еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑаÑивнÑе ÑелеÑонÑ, в
коÑоÑÑÑ
еÑÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑÑ: кÑо-Ñо
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑеÑи пÑиказаÑÑ ÑелеÑонÑ
подÑлÑÑиваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ. ÐÑо наÑÑоÑÑее ÑпионÑкое
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво в Ñамом ÑÑо ни на еÑÑÑ
клаÑÑиÑеÑком ÑмÑÑле. РеÑли Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
+поÑÑаÑивнÑй ÑелеÑон, знаеÑе ли вÑ, кÑо
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑлÑÑиваÑÑ Ð² лÑбой
+моменÑ? ÐÑ ÑÑого не знаеÑе, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ...
еÑли пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² ваÑем поÑÑаÑивном
+ÑелеÑоне не ÑвободнÑ. Так ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑиÑ
поÑÑаÑивнÑÑ
ÑелеÑонов. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
ÑеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑаÑивнÑÑ
+ÑелеÑонов — ÑÑо меÑ
анизм Ñлежки. Ðн
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи о Ñом,
+кÑда Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑе. Ðн Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²Ñегда
запиÑи Ñого, где Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ñвали за
+вÑе вÑемÑ. Ð Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, ÑÑо наÑÑолÑко опаÑно,
ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑгÑоза наÑей Ñвободе, ÑÑо
+Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ ÑÑи ÑелеÑонÑ.
Ðни опаÑнÑ, ÑÑо оÑÑава.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðак Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло, за далÑнейÑими
ÑведениÑми Ñ Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑавиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°
+ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU, www.gnu.org, а Ñакже на ÑайÑ
Фонда Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðндии, FSFIndia, неÑ, пÑоÑÑиÑе...
ÑÑо gnu.org.in. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑели
+Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам в Ðндии,
ÑвÑжиÑеÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ Ðндии,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ обÑединиÑÑ Ñвои ÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ñ
дÑÑгими и вмеÑÑе боÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвободÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ТепеÑÑ Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° вопÑоÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ЧÑо-Ñо Ñ Ð·ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñдем ÑиÑаÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÑ
вопÑоÑÑ, ÑобÑаннÑе в аÑдиÑоÑии,
+по одномÑ, и... Ñогда Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе оÑвеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°
вопÑоÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ХоÑоÑо, еÑли один Ñеловек задаеÑ
неÑколÑко вопÑоÑов, пеÑедавайÑе
+иÑ
мне, пожалÑйÑÑа, по одномÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. Ðа, ÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑвÑй вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑпил Ð¾Ñ Ð. СÑндаÑа Ð
амана. Ðго вопÑÐ¾Ñ —
+“какова ÑазниÑа Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами Ñ
оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом и
+ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами?“
+</p>
+<p>[РС зеваеÑ]
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑежде вÑего Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ обÑÑÑниÑÑ,
ÑÑо вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ “ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммє и “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ” имеÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° ÑвÑзаннÑÑ
+дÑÑг Ñ Ð´ÑÑгом знаÑениÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я ÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвое оÑÑажение в зеÑкале. Ðне
ÑÑÑдно понÑÑÑ, кÑда двигаÑÑ ÑÑки.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðаждое из ÑÑиÑ
вÑÑажений оÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ñвоей
к каÑегоÑии пÑогÑамм, и каждое
+оÑÑÑÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ðº ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑилоÑоÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑениÑ.
Так ÑÑо ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ... ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ —
ÑÑо каÑегоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий. РеÑÑÑ
+движение за ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ его
ÑилоÑоÑиÑ. ТоÑно Ñак же оÑкÑÑÑÑй
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÑегоÑиÑ
лиÑензий и ÑилоÑоÑиÑ. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо можно
+ÑÑавниваÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ за ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ движение за оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ... пÑоÑÑиÑе, можно ÑÑавниваÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº каÑегоÑиÑ
+пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом как
каÑегоÑией пÑогÑамм. Рможно
+ÑопоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ ÑилоÑоÑией
+оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа. РвÑ
обнаÑÑжиÑе, ÑÑо каÑегоÑии
+пÑогÑамм — они оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐºÐ¸ дÑÑг к
дÑÑгÑ. ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ — ÑÑо каÑегоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий, ÑоÑно
Ñак же как ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо каÑегоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензий. Ð
ÑÑи две каÑегоÑии
+опÑеделÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-ÑазномÑ. Ðо пока Ñ
ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑики они оÑенÑ
+ÑÑ
ожи. ÐÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-Ñо лиÑензии, коÑоÑÑе
ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑми оÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, но не ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ
лиÑензиÑми ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ðднако они
+не оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑпоÑÑебиÑелÑнÑ. Так ÑÑо еÑли вÑ
знаеÑе, ÑÑо опÑеделеннаÑ
+пÑогÑамма — оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ,
и ниÑего болÑÑе не знаеÑе,
+Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе бÑÑÑ ÑвеÑенÑ, ÑÑо она
Ñвободна, но, ÑкоÑее вÑего, она
+Ñвободна.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð° движениÑ, каждое Ñо
Ñвоей ÑилоÑоÑией. Рони оÑенÑ
+далеки дÑÑг Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑга. ÐаÑа ÑилоÑоÑиÑ,
ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑаÑÑников Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, оÑнована на Ñвободе и
ÑÑике. ÐÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñим, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
+наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
, Ñ Ñем
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ жиÑÑ ÑеÑÑной жизнÑÑ
+и Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñла Ñвобода помогаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим.
Ðвижение за оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
+ÑÑоÑмиÑовано ÑпеÑиалÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ
говоÑиÑÑ ÑÑого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾ÑказаÑÑÑÑ
+Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
пÑинÑипов. Ðвижение за
оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+говоÑиÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑогÑаммаÑ
Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм
+ÑекÑÑом. Ðни говоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
могÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ даваÑÑ
+какие-Ñо пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва. Ðни ÑмоÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
на пÑакÑиÑеÑкие ÑенноÑÑи. Ðни
+говоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑевоÑÑ
однаÑ
конÑÑÑÑкÑиÑ... Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑевоÑÑ
однаÑ
+ÑÑ
ема ÑазÑабоÑки — пÑевоÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²
Ñвоем Ñзко ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком ÑмÑÑле,
+в Ñом ÑмÑÑле, ÑÑо она пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑки лÑÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ.
+Ðо ÑÑо Ñамое болÑÑее, ÑÑо они ÑкажÑÑ. Ðни не
бÑдÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо
+ÑÑиÑеÑкий импеÑаÑив, они не бÑдÑÑ
говоÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо вÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ
+оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом, они не бÑдÑÑ
говоÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑÑÑÑм
+иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом — ÑÑо попÑÑка
колонизиÑоваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ, а Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ
+ÑпаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого. Ðни не бÑдÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ
ниÑего подобного, и на деле ÑмÑÑл
+иÑ
Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ в Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ
говоÑиÑÑ ÑÑого; ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑо
+пÑикÑÑÑÑ. РпоÑомÑ, когда ÑеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¾
ÑилоÑоÑÑкиÑ
оÑнованиÑÑ
, Ñо, ÑÑо
+говоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸, оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо
говоÑим мÑ, как Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ ноÑÑ. РвоÑ
+поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð²Ñегда оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½, когда
кÑо-Ñо ÑвÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑÑ
+Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑди, коÑоÑÑе ÑазÑабаÑÑвали, коÑоÑÑе
моÑивиÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ за оÑкÑÑÑÑй
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ,— они обÑÑно вноÑÑÑ
вклад в наÑе ÑообÑеÑÑво, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+обÑÑно иÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑ. Ð ÑÑо можеÑ
бÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑим вкладом. Ðо Ñ
+полноÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑоглаÑен Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑилоÑоÑией. Я
дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо она повеÑÑ
ноÑÑна. Ð Ñ
+оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½, когда на Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑлÑк и ÑоздаÑÑ Ñ Ð»Ñдей
+впеÑаÑление, ÑÑо Ñ ÑоглаÑен Ñ ÑÑой
ÑилоÑоÑией.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, ÑледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑпил
Ð¾Ñ ÐдвайÑа ТÑмбде. Ðго
+вопÑÐ¾Ñ — “Ñвобода копиÑованиÑ,
возможно, не генеÑиÑÑеÑ
+доÑÑаÑоÑнÑÑ
денег, ÑÑо ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно длÑ
ÑинанÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑÑÑÑов ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкого
+ÑазвиÑиÑ. Ð Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº много
ÑопеÑниÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑиÑм...”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС (пÑеÑÑваеÑ)</b>. ÐеÑ. ÐÑо не веÑно. ÐÑо
не веÑно. ÐенÑги не
+ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкого ÑазвиÑиÑ, во
вÑÑком ÑлÑÑае, не в оÑÑаÑли
+пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, в дÑÑгиÑ
оÑÑаÑлÑÑ
ÑÑо Ñак, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо в дÑÑгиÑ
+оÑÑаÑлÑÑ
гоÑаздо ÑÑÑднее. Ðного денег ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва
+аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° заводе. ÐÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑебÑеÑ
вложений. Ðо Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸, в Ñ
оде
+Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ
доказали, ÑÑо можем ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑиÑокий
+ÑпекÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм безо вÑÑкиÑ
капиÑаловложений. ÐÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо, делаÑ
+ÑÑо. ÐÑÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾ миллиона лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе
вноÑÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ в ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
+и болÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
— добÑоволÑÑÑ.
ÐобÑоволÑÑами бÑли
+ÑазÑабоÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÐºÑÑпнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑо
доказÑваеÑ, ÑÑо Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
одимоÑÑи
+изÑÑкиваÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ денег. Ðи в какиÑ
денÑгаÑ
необÑ
одимоÑÑи неÑ.
+Так воÑ, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ, ÑÑо ÑÑи добÑоволÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
голодаÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ ÐºÑÑÑа
+над головой. Ðолжно бÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ ÑабоÑа.
Я не знаÑ, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
за ÑабоÑа,
+но Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ ÐµÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑмоÑÑиÑе на вÑÑ
занÑÑоÑÑÑ, ÑвÑзаннÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑами, Ñо
+пÑогÑаммиÑование ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑолÑко
неболÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ñего ÑÑого. Ð ÑÑо по
+болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи — ÑоÑÑавление заказнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑолÑко неболÑÑаÑ
+ÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм ÑазÑабаÑÑваеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
пÑбликаÑии. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑвии бÑÑÑ
+доÑÑÑпной пÑблике. Так ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
ÑабоÑÑ, коÑоÑой ÑÑи лÑди могли бÑ
+поддеÑживаÑÑ ÑебÑ. Так ÑÑо какÑÑ-Ñо ÑаÑÑÑ
Ñвободного вÑемени они могÑÑ
+ÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ð ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
пÑоблем,
+пока Ð¼Ñ ÑазÑабаÑÑваем множеÑÑво ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. Ð Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ñ
+ÑазÑабаÑÑваем. Ð¤Ð°ÐºÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÐ¼, ÑÑо
ÑÑо не пÑоблема.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, говоÑиÑÑ, бÑдÑо ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ жизнеÑпоÑобнÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо мÑ
не
+можем доÑÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно денег,— ÑÑо
вÑе Ñавно ÑÑо говоÑиÑÑ, бÑдÑо
+ÑамолеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ могÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑаÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½ÑигÑавиÑаÑии. Так воÑ,
+ÑамолеÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑаÑÑ, и ÑÑо доказÑваеÑ, ÑÑо длÑ
ÑÑого анÑигÑавиÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+нÑжна. Ðне ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмеÑиÑÑ Ñакже, ÑÑо еÑÑÑ
и лÑди, коÑоÑÑе полÑÑаÑÑ Ð·Ð°
+ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм денÑги. ÐÑи
денÑги поÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑазнÑм
+каналам. Ðногда ÑÑи лÑди ÑаÑÑиÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑобÑ
+они оÑвеÑали запÑоÑам клиенÑов. Ðногда они
полÑÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑаÑии Ð¾Ñ ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑов
+или Ð¾Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÑдаÑÑÑво ÑинанÑиÑÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñей ÑазÑабоÑки пÑогÑамм в миÑе и,
+за иÑклÑÑением ÑедкиÑ
ÑлÑÑаев, когда
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ñжно деÑжаÑÑ Ð² ÑекÑеÑе, ÑÑи
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ðµ могли Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми.
Так ÑÑо нам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ð±
+ÑÑом в академиÑеÑком миÑе. Ðогда Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑазÑабоÑке какиÑ
-Ñо
+пÑогÑамм, ÑÑо Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. СделаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
+ÑвободнÑми — ÑÑиÑеÑкое ÑÑебование.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐаконеÑ, Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ оÑмеÑиÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸
Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги за Ñо, ÑÑо
+Ñем-Ñо занимаеÑеÑÑ; Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ
денÑги за деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ. Ð Ñамо по
+Ñебе ÑÑо не плоÑ
о. Ðо еÑли Ñама
деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
а, Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе
+опÑавдаÑÑ ÑÑо Ñем, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ
заÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги. ÐонимаеÑе, [81:00]
+полÑÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги; но ÑÑо не опÑавдÑваеÑ
гÑабеж. ÐеÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+ÑÑиÑеÑки ÑдовиÑÑ. ÐÑо ÑÑ
ема Ñого, как
деÑжаÑÑ Ð»Ñдей ÑазобÑеннÑми и
+беÑпомоÑнÑми. ÐÑо ÑоÑма колонизаÑии. ÐÑо
плоÑ
о. Так ÑÑо когда Ñеловек
+говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ: “Я ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
неÑвободной, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ
+денÑги и вÑе Ñвое ÑабоÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑвÑÑаÑÑ
ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑой
+пÑогÑаммѓ,— Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ: “ÐÑо вÑе
Ñавно ÑÑо говоÑиÑÑ,
+ÑÑо Ð²Ñ ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð³ÑабиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, ÑÑобÑ
полÑÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги и вÑе Ñвое ÑабоÑее
+вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð³Ñабежом”. ÐÑо
непÑавилÑно. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑого
+делаÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я Ñбежден, ÑÑо лÑди, коÑоÑÑе вноÑÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´
в обÑеÑÑво... когда лÑди вноÑÑÑ
+вклад в обÑеÑÑво, Ñо нам неплоÑ
о
вознагÑаждаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
за ÑÑо. Ркогда лÑди
+делаÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо вÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвÑ, Ñо нам
неплоÑ
о найÑи ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
за ÑÑо
+наказÑваÑÑ. ÐÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей
делаÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо полезно обÑеÑÑвÑ, и не
+делаÑÑ Ñого, ÑÑо вÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ñ. Ð
ÑледоваÑелÑно, лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑледÑеÑ
вознагÑаждаÑÑ, а лÑдей, коÑоÑÑе
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ
+неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑледÑеÑ
наказÑваÑÑ. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвÑ, а неÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — ÑÑо ÑÑ
ема колонизаÑии
+обÑеÑÑва, за коÑоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð¾ наказÑваÑÑ, а не
вознагÑаждаÑÑ.
+Ðа ÑÑо можно взглÑнÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾-дÑÑгомÑ, обÑаÑив
внимание, ÑÑо полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+неÑвободной пÑогÑаммой либо глÑпо, либо
неÑÑиÑно, либо и Ñо и дÑÑгое
+вмеÑÑе. ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо — длÑ
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ — ÑÑа неÑвободнаÑ
+пÑогÑамма... вÑе Ñавно ÑÑо не ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑÐ´Ñ ÐµÑ
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑиÑнÑе лÑди, лÑди, коÑоÑÑе
наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ
+ÑеÑÑной жизнÑÑ, в лÑбом ÑлÑÑае бÑдÑÑ
оÑказÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐµ. Так ÑÑо его
+пÑогÑамма доÑÑÑпна ÑолÑко... ÐµÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑолÑко обоÑмоÑÑ. У кого
+Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑиплиниÑованного ÑознаниÑ. Ð ÑÑо в
ÑÑом Ñ
оÑоÑего? Так ÑÑо Ñеловек
+говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ: “Я Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑолÑко еÑли Ñ ÑделаÑ
+ее неÑвободной; ÑолÑко Ñак Ñ ÑмогÑ
полÑÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно денег, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделÑÑÑ
+вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑазÑабоÑке ÑÑой пÑогÑаммє. Я не
ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ, ÑÑо ÑÑо не
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑно, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
обÑÑоÑÑелÑÑÑв.
+ÐÑли он говоÑиÑ, ÑÑо никак не можеÑ
ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, еÑли он не
+ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑплаÑÑ, и еÑли он
говоÑиÑ, ÑÑо не Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑпоÑоба
+полÑÑаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑплаÑÑ, кÑоме как Ñделав
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободной,— Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑанÑ
+говоÑиÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ, ÑÑо ÑÑо непÑавда, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
он лÑÑÑе Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ñвое
+положение. Ð¡ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑо:
“ÐожалÑйÑÑа, не ÑазÑабаÑÑвайÑе ÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммє. РазÑабоÑка пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñаким
обÑазом бÑла Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¼, ÑÑо бÑло
+Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñедно. Так ÑÑо лÑÑÑе, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ñе не
бÑдеÑе ÑÑо делаÑÑ. ÐаймиÑеÑÑ
+Ñем-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð´ÑÑгим. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑеÑез
неÑколÑко леÑ, Ñано или поздно кÑо-Ñо
+дÑÑгой бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð² дÑÑгом положении.
ÐÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, не
+ÑгнеÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей. Ð Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼
позволиÑÑ Ñебе подождаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко леÑ
+Ñади Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑаниÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвободÑ.
Свобода ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑой жеÑÑвÑ. ÐÑ
+можем подождаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко леÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, ÑледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. Ðго ÑледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ:
“ÐÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеллекÑÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑабоÑа,
+ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº книги, неÑвободна. Разве в ÑлÑÑае
пÑогÑамм ÑÑо не
+опÑавдано?”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, он оÑибаеÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑÑ Ð¸ множеÑÑво
ÑвободнÑÑ
книг. Ðа Ñамом деле
+вÑе болÑÑе и болÑÑе ÑазвиваеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ñ
ÑелÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸ ÑвободнÑми, Ñо
+еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñлова “Ñвобода”. Так воÑ, мÑ
наÑали делаÑÑ ÑÑо в
+воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
XX века. ÐÑе
ÑÑководÑÑва по пÑогÑаммам GNU, коÑоÑÑе
+ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑом GNU, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²
Ñом ÑмÑÑле, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ñ
+копиÑоваÑÑ. Ðни не беÑплаÑнÑ, во вÑÑком
ÑлÑÑае, не вÑегда. ÐÑ Ð¿ÐµÑаÑаем копии
+и пÑодаем иÑ
, пÑиÑем доÑоже, Ñем за
ÑÑоимоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоизводÑÑва, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо мÑ
+ÑÑаÑаемÑÑ ÑобиÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги. Так ÑÑо, как
понимаеÑе, конеÑно, ÑÑо делаеÑÑÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð»ÐµÑÑ Ð¿ÑибÑлÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо мÑ
пÑÑаемÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
книг
+знаÑиÑелÑнÑе ÑÑммÑ. Ðо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑнÑ
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸ пÑавиÑÑ ÑÑи книги. Ð Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
+даже полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ,
иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³.
+Ð ÑепеÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ одиноки. СейÑÐ°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
движение за ÑвободнÑе ÑÑебники. Ðа Ñамом
+деле в Ðндии и дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ
по ÑазÑабоÑке ÑвободнÑÑ
+обÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ
маÑеÑиалов длÑ
пÑедоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñколам. ÐолнÑй набоÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
+обÑазоваÑелÑнÑÑ
маÑеÑиалов. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
обÑазоваÑелÑнÑе маÑеÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑ. Ð Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ поÑмоÑÑеÑÑ
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ <a href="http://gnowledge.org">
+gnowledge.org</a>. ÐÑо как “<span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">knowledge</span>”, но пиÑеÑÑÑ ÑеÑез
“g”, а
+не ÑеÑез “k”. Там Ð²Ñ ÑвидиÑе Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð·
ÑÑиÑ
иниÑиаÑив, пÑоводимÑÑ
+пÑоÑеÑÑоÑом ÐагаÑджÑной в Ðомбее.
+</p>
+
+<p>Я должен Ñакже ÑпомÑнÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑнÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ — ÐикипедиÑ. ÐÑо
+кÑÑпнейÑÐ°Ñ Ð² иÑÑоÑии ÑнÑиклопедиÑ.
Ðо-моемÑ, Ñам ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑа
+ÑеÑÑидеÑÑÑи ÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑей, ÑÑо гоÑаздо
болÑÑе, Ñем в лÑбой дÑÑгой когда-либо
+ÑÑÑеÑÑвовавÑей ÑнÑиклопедии. ÐÑимеÑно
вдвое. Ð ÑÑо бÑло Ñделано вÑего за
+неÑколÑко леÑ, обÑеÑÑвом.
+</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо, еÑли Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÑили в ÑÑи ÑгÑозÑ...
говоÑÑÑ, ÑÑо единÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб
+ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ ÑÑо, единÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб
пиÑаÑÑ Ð¸ обновлÑÑÑ
+ÑнÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ — ÑÑо неÑвободнÑй
ÑпоÑоб, они ÑгÑожаÑÑ. Ðни говоÑÑÑ,
+ÑÑо еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑоглаÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
Ñвоей ÑвободÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑдеÑ
+ÑнÑиклопедии, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамм. Ðни
пÑоÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ ÑÑвÑÑвовали ÑебÑ
+беÑпомоÑнÑми, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ ÑÑвÑÑвовали
безнадежноÑÑÑ. Ð ÑÑо же глÑпо.
+</p>
+
+<p>[РС зеваеÑ]
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñ
ÐанапаÑи. Ðн говоÑиÑ: “Ðо-моемÑ,
+ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑдноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² полÑÑении
+каÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑо ознаÑаеÑ
квалиÑиÑиÑованнÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков. Ðо длÑ
+ÑÑого Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
должен бÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑнÑй позÑв
ÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ мозги. ÐÑак, ÑÑо
+Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑедлагаеÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков-ÑнÑÑзиаÑÑов?”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС (пÑеÑÑваеÑ)</b>. ÐÑо непÑавда.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ñе, Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ
Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ñдей, коÑоÑÑе ÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² Ñом,
+ложноÑÑÑ Ñего бÑла пÑодемонÑÑÑиÑована.
ÐÑди, коÑоÑÑе гадаÑÑ Ð¾ наÑем обÑеÑÑве
+и не ÑгадÑваÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð¤Ð°ÐºÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑепÑÑаÑией
+вÑÑококаÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
. ÐпеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
GNU плÑÑ Linux наÑала набиÑаÑÑ
+обоÑоÑÑ Ð² девÑноÑÑÑÑ
благодаÑÑ ÑвоемÑ
вÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑеÑÑвÑ. ÐÑди обнаÑÑживали,
+ÑÑо она ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· пеÑезагÑÑзки
меÑÑÑами. ЧÑо они видÑÑ... ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема
+пÑекÑаÑала ÑабоÑÑ ÑолÑко во вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ñказов
пиÑаниÑ. Ð ÑÑим она оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
+неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе ÑаÑÑо
веÑÑма ненадежнÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñо и дело
+видиÑÑ, видиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, делаÑÑиÑ
глÑпÑе
пÑедположениÑ, ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
+не могÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ. Ðни ниÑего не знаÑÑ, но
они вÑдÑмÑваÑÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÑо. ÐоÑемÑ
+же? Я дÑмаÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненÑ, делаеÑÑÑ
+пÑедположение, ÑÑо они, должно бÑÑÑ, Ñ
оÑоÑо
ÑабоÑаÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑ Ð´ÑмаеÑе, лÑди полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Windows поÑомÑ,
ÑÑо она Ñ
оÑоÑаÑ? ЧÑо за вздоÑ!
+ÐÑди полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Windows, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо дÑÑгие
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Windows, и ÑÑо
+единÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑина. ХоÑоÑо, не
единÑÑвеннаÑ... они полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Windows,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо она ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° иÑ
компÑÑÑеÑаÑ
. ÐÑо
две пÑиÑинÑ. ÐдинÑÑвеннаÑ
+пÑиÑина... еÑли ÑÑо-Ñо обÑÑно, Ñо поÑемÑ
вÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑива? ТолÑко
+поÑомÑ, ÑÑо она лÑÑÑе. СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ðµ лÑÑÑе, ÑÑобÑ
+заÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑки мÑÑлÑÑиÑ
лÑдей
вÑбÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
. ÐонеÑно, Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑе, ÑÑо
+Ñ Ð¿ÑоизноÑÑ Ñлова “пÑакÑиÑеÑки
мÑÑлÑÑие” Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ñением. ÐÑо
+лÑди, коÑоÑÑе не ÑенÑÑ Ñвоей ÑвободÑ.
+Ðни глÑпÑ. ÐлÑÐ¿ÐµÑ Ð¸ ÑÑа Ñвобода не оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
вмеÑÑе надолго. Ðо глÑпÑов
+много; оÑобенно во множеÑÑве оÑганизаÑий,
где лÑди ÑÑиÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо им не
+положено обÑаÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ на ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
ÑвободÑ. Ðм положено ÑделÑÑÑ
+внимание ÑолÑко кÑаÑкоÑÑоÑнÑм вопÑоÑам
пÑакÑики. Ð ÑÑо ÑеÑÐµÐ¿Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
иÑ
+ÑеÑений. ÐÑеда обÑеÑÑвÑ. Ðо ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ и
еÑÑÑ. Так поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ ÑÑи лÑди
+иногда вÑбиÑаÑÑ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?
ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкие
+пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва. ÐапÑимеÑ, они ÑÑÑекÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð¸
надежнÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñ
СÑбÑамани. РаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение пÑогÑамм в
+виде беÑплаÑнÑÑ
копий дÑÑжеÑÑвенно к
полÑзоваÑелÑ, но дÑÑжеÑÑвенно ли оно к
+пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑвÑ? Ðе дÑмаеÑе ли вÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑо наÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑкономиÑеÑкий баланÑ
+в пÑогÑаммиÑовании?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑо ÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑепÑÑ
а. Ðо-пеÑвÑÑ
, как вÑ
помниÑе, Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÑнÑл, ÑÑо
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — вопÑоÑ
ÑвободÑ, а не ÑенÑ. СвободнÑе
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ознаÑаÑÑ, ÑÑо они беÑплаÑнÑ.
Ðо иногда они беÑплаÑнÑ. С дÑÑгой
+ÑÑоÑонÑ, иногда неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
можно полÑÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑплаÑно. ÐÑо не
+Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑÑиÑеÑки пÑавомеÑнÑми, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо они вÑе Ñак же попиÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
+ÑвободÑ. Ðни Ñак же оÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
ÑазобÑеннÑми и беÑпомоÑнÑми, даже еÑли вам
+не пÑиÑлоÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ. Ð¨ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð² Ðндии могÑÑ
полÑÑиÑÑ Windows беÑплаÑно. Ðо она
+вÑе Ñавно вÑедна. Так ÑÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ðµ в Ñене.
ÐопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑважаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑвободÑ. Ð ÑÑа... ÑÑа... мÑÑлÑ,
бÑдÑо еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо Ñода
+баланÑ. Я не знаÑ, о Ñем он вообÑе говоÑиÑ.
Ðо ÑÑÑиÑе, ÑÑо еÑли пÑедпÑиÑÑие
+полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ñ
одÑ, ÑгнеÑÐ°Ñ Ð»Ñдей, Ñо ÑÑо плоÑ
о, ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ
+конеÑ.
+ÐÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ пÑедпÑиÑÑий, коÑоÑÑе ÑабоÑаÑÑ,
обÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ñ Ð»ÑдÑми недоÑÑойно. Ð
+ÑÑи пÑедпÑиÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
и. У ниÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñава
ÑÑÑеÑÑвоваÑÑ. Ðни заÑлÑжили Ñого,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ поконÑили. Я не ÑкажÑ, ÑÑо
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ —
+ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÑакиÑ
пÑоблем. ÐоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо,
Ñкажем, деÑÑкий ÑÑÑд оÑенÑ
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанен, но Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо в
оÑновном ÑазÑабоÑка ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм. Я дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи
ÑÑо-Ñо дÑÑгое. ÐÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
+ÑпоÑобов, коÑоÑÑми... коÑоÑÑми можеÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпÑиÑÑие и коÑоÑÑе вÑеднÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва. Ð Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑомÑ
конеÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðли взÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Coca Cola, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑавиÑ
лÑдей, оÑбиÑÐ°Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
+ниÑ
водоÑнабжение. Рне ÑолÑко ÑÑо: они
ÑбиваÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑоÑзнÑÑ
лидеÑов в
+ÐолÑмбии. Так ÑÑо еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑемиÑовой бойкоÑ
компании Coca Cola. ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Coca
+Cola, Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим, ÑÑдÑÑ Ð² СШРза
оÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑованнÑÑ
[94:07] длÑ
+ÑбийÑÑва пÑоÑÑоÑзнÑÑ
лидеÑов в ÐолÑмбии.
Так ÑÑо пÑиÑоединÑйÑеÑÑ Ðº
+бойкоÑÑ. Ðе покÑпайÑе иÑ
напиÑки.
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑак, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑÑ... Ñ Ñказал ÑÑо, в оÑновном
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоиллÑÑÑÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо длÑ
+пÑедпÑиÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑпоÑобов веÑÑи
ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑиÑно. РпÑедпÑиÑÑиÑ, коÑоÑÑе
+ведÑÑ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑиÑно, не имеÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
ÑÑÑеÑÑвоваÑÑ. Ðни незаконнÑ, и к ним не
+ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑноÑиÑÑÑÑ, как к законнÑм. Ð
азÑабоÑка неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм — ÑÑо пÑимеÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо, ÑÑо
Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸ делала Ñама
+пÑогÑамма, ее лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑгнеÑаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей. Ð ÑÑо плоÑ
о.
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. Windows поддеÑживаеÑ
ÑегионалÑнÑе ÑзÑки, и ÑÑо помогаеÑ
+лÑдÑм в Ðндии, но в GNU Ñакой оÑобенноÑÑи
неÑ. ЧÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑедлагаеÑе в ÑÑом
+оÑноÑении?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Ðн оÑибÑÑ. ÐнаеÑе, на моиÑ
вÑÑÑÑплениÑÑ
мне еÑе никогда не
+пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð¾ÑвеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑолÑко вопÑоÑов,
в коÑоÑÑÑ
делаÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñе
+ÑÑвеÑждениÑ, обвинÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ за
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² Ñом, Ñего
+неÑ. ÐоÑемÑ... знаеÑе, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ
незнание. ÐаждÑй из Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑодиÑÑÑ
+ÑовеÑÑеннÑм невеждой. РкаждÑй из наÑ
ÑнаÑала не Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего о лÑбом
+конкÑеÑном пÑедмеÑе. Ðо поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð»Ñди здеÑÑ
Ñ Ñакой гоÑовноÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
+пÑедположениÑ, когда они не знаÑÑ? ÐоÑемÑ
Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ допÑÑкаеÑе, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+знаеÑе? ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑи лÑди ÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо
ложно, о Ñем им Ñвно ниÑего
+Ñолком не извеÑÑно?
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðа Ñамом деле Windows... она поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñе
индийÑкие ÑзÑки? Ð, Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой
+ÑÑоÑонÑ, ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
поддеÑживаÑÑ. Ð Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим, ÑÑо не ÑолÑко
+Windows, еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ дÑÑгиÑ
неÑвободнÑÑ
пакеÑов, и Ñо, ÑÑо они неÑвободнÑ,
+ознаÑаеÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе иÑ
изменÑÑÑ.
Ðогда пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑвободнÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
+иÑ
пÑавиÑÑ. Так ÑÑо еÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе, ÑÑобÑ
пÑогÑамма поддеÑживала Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»ÑбимÑй
+ÑзÑк, а она неÑвободна, вам пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ
ÑпÑаÑиваÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑиков, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+Ñделали вам лÑбезноÑÑÑ. РеÑли пÑогÑамма
Ñвободна, вам не пÑиÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
+ÑпÑаÑиваÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пÑоÑÑо ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ.
ÐÑо и пÑоиÑÑ
одиÑ. ÐÑди в Ðндии
+пÑиÑпоÑабливаÑÑ GNU/Linux ко вÑевозможнÑм
индийÑким ÑзÑкам. РеÑли они еÑе
+не Ñделали ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñего лÑбимого ÑзÑка,
Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе оÑганизоваÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ. ÐÑ
+не беÑпомоÑнÑ. ÐÑганизÑйÑе ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
поддеÑжке Ñвоего лÑбимого
+ÑзÑка. ÐнаеÑе, даже неболÑÑие наÑодноÑÑи
могÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевеÑÑи ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñвой
+ÑзÑк. Ðам не нÑжно бÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ из важнейÑиÑ
ÑзÑков Ñ Ð¾ÑиÑиалÑнÑм
+ÑÑаÑÑÑом. ЧÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð²
Ñвободной пÑогÑамме, вам нÑжно ÑолÑко
+бÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑовÑм пÑоделаÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.
+</p>
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑели Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑ,
ÑколÑко Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ пÑодолжаÑÑ ÑÑоÑ
+ÑÐµÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑов и оÑвеÑов?
+</p>
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, опÑеделенно Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑаÑÑ
еÑе пÑÑнадÑаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½ÑÑ.
+</p>
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СлÑÑаÑ, ÑÑÑ.
+</p>
+<p><b>РС</b>. Ðе назÑвайÑе менÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа,
ÑÑÑом. Я за ÑавенÑÑво. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ
+некоÑоÑÑм обÑазом оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о, еÑли вÑ
обÑаÑаеÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ мне Ñак. ÐÑо можеÑ
+ÑÑезмеÑно повÑÑиÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑамооÑенкÑ. РдлÑ
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
о, Ñак же как и
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ.
+</p>
+<p>ÐдеÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð° Ñвобода. Я ÑолÑко ее
пÑедÑÑавиÑелÑ.
+</p>
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ — оÑ
ÐÐ¸Ð´Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ðнанда: “ÐÑÑÑ
+много неÑовмеÑÑимÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивов GNU/Linux.
ЯвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо Ñлабой ÑÑоÑоной
+Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?”
+</p>
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑеÑвелиÑиваÑÑ
ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ñ
неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи. Ðа
+ÑÑовне иÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов они поÑÑи вÑе...
они по болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи ÑовмеÑÑимÑ,
+еÑли не делаÑÑ Ñего-Ñо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑного.
Ðам не нÑжно беÑпокоиÑÑÑÑ Ð¾
+ÑазлиÑиÑÑ
, когда Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑеÑе иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ.
У ниÑ
бÑдÑÑ ÑазнÑе двоиÑнÑе ÑайлÑ
+и ÑазнÑе пакеÑÑ, но ÑÑо не пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
оÑобого заÑÑÑднениÑ. Так ÑÑо, Ñак
+ÑказаÑÑ, ÑÑо не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑеÑÑезной
ÑлабоÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑ, конеÑно, понимаеÑе, ÑÑо
+когда еÑÑÑ ÑазнÑе веÑÑии ÑиÑÑемÑ, ÑÑо
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑо длÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей... они нÑÐ¶Ð½Ñ ÑазнÑм
полÑзоваÑелÑм. Ð ÑепеÑÑ ÑопоÑÑавим ÑÑо Ñ
+Ñакой неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑÑÑ, ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ,
какÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ð¼ в неÑвободном
+миÑе. ÐÑ ÑвидиÑе, ÑÑо Microsoft вводиÑ
оÑвÑаÑиÑелÑнÑе неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи в
+каждÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑвоиÑ
ÑиÑÑем. Ðни... они
пÑеднамеÑенно делаÑÑ ÑоÑмаÑÑ
+неÑовмеÑÑимÑми Ñо вÑем оÑÑалÑнÑм и
пÑоÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½ÐµÑовмеÑÑимÑми Ñо вÑем
+оÑÑалÑнÑм. Ðни ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑамÑми ÑазнÑми
ÑпоÑобами не даÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸
+ÑабоÑаÑÑ. Ð ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑа Microsoft, как
пÑавило, неÑовмеÑÑима Ñ
+пÑедÑдÑÑей.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ðни налагаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ, и они дÑмаÑÑ, им
+ÑÑо ÑÐ¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ñ ÑÑк. Ð Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ,
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков из миÑа ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм, влаÑÑи неÑ. ÐÑли Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑение,
коÑоÑое вам не по вкÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+попадаеÑе в ÑÑпик. ÐÐµÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй
ÑекÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе его пÑавиÑÑ, вÑ
+можеÑе оÑмениÑÑ Ð»Ñбое из моиÑ
ÑеÑений.
ÐÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ ÑÑо ÑеÑение... понимаеÑе,
+еÑли Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑиÑеÑки ÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑ
неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ бÑ
+иÑпÑавиÑÑ ÑÑо, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð·ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ измениÑÑ ÐµÐµ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° бÑла
+ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ Ñем Ñгодно. Ðде... Ñак
ÑказаÑÑ... даже еÑли Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑение,
+коÑоÑое вам пÑоÑÑо не нÑавиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ какой-Ñо
дÑÑгой пÑиÑине, Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñе Ñавно
+можеÑе оÑмениÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе оÑмениÑÑ
лÑбое мое ÑеÑение незавиÑимо оÑ
+Ñого, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ пÑинÑл, незавиÑимо оÑ
Ñого, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ вам не нÑавиÑÑÑ;
+Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе оÑмениÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾. Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ
над вами влаÑÑи, когда Ñ
+ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐÑ,
полÑзоваÑели, конÑÑолиÑÑеÑе Ñвои
+пÑогÑаммÑ. Так ÑÑо они в обÑем бÑдÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ
Ñо, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе, более или
+менее. Ðо ÑазÑабоÑÑики неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм — Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
над вами
+влаÑÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ. РпоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñего не можеÑе
поделаÑÑ Ñ Ð¸Ñ
ÑеÑениÑми.
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ — Ð¾Ñ Ð
акеÑа. “ÐоÑколÑкÑ
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
доÑÑÑпен, возможно ли Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¼Ñика ввеÑÑи
+вÑедоноÑнÑе ÑаÑÑи в пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¾Ð¸ÑнÑе ÑайлÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+вÑглÑдели, как пеÑвонаÑалÑнÑе. ЯвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
ÑÑо Ñлабой ÑÑоÑоной Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ?”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
ÑÑого. ÐапÑимеÑ, можно бÑаÑÑ Ñвои
+копии Ñ Ñолидного ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑелÑ, или мÑ
пÑименÑем ÑиÑÑовÑе подпиÑи, ÑÑобÑ
+подпиÑÑваÑÑ Ñвои пÑогÑа... и Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑем...
понимаеÑе, кÑипÑогÑаÑиÑеÑкие
+конÑÑолÑнÑе ÑÑммÑ. Так ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸Ñе
конÑÑолÑнÑÑ ÑÑммÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑбликÑеÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑÑик, и Ñем ÑамÑм полÑÑаеÑе
гаÑанÑиÑ, ÑÑо ваÑа веÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
+пÑавилÑнаÑ.
+</p>
+<p>[ÑиÑина]</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñ
ÐÑиÑнана. “Ðогда Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÐµÑе вÑÑ
од
+GNU HURD Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑного полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² обÑеÑÑве?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐпÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑил Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
пÑедÑказаÑÑ ÑÑо. ÐеÑколÑко меÑÑÑев
+назад ÑазÑабоÑÑики HURD пÑиÑли к заклÑÑениÑ,
ÑÑо они непÑеменно должнÑ
+пеÑейÑи на дÑÑгое микÑоÑдÑо. Ðа ÑÑо ÑйдеÑ
доволÑно много ÑÑÑда. Так ÑÑо
+Ñ... Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑа задеÑжка ÑаÑÑÑÑаиваеÑ. Ðо
кажеÑÑÑ, ÑÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑ
+некоÑоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´ÐµÑжкÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. СледÑÑÑий вопÑÐ¾Ñ — оÑ
Manu
+Metallurgy. “ÐÑÑно ли ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+неÑвободнÑе опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ?”</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, ÑÑо не ÑовÑем Ñак. Ðо глÑпо
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободной
+опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемой, Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе
жиÑÑ Ñвободно, пока Ð²Ñ ÑÑо
+делаеÑе. РваÑи пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ бÑдÑÑ
ÑвободнÑ, не ÑÑанÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ в миÑ
+ÑвободÑ, еÑли они не... еÑли они не бÑдÑÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвободной
+опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемой.</p>
+
+<p>Рв ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, вам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
оÑÑоÑожнÑм Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑоÑмой Java компании
+Sun. Ðикогда не пÑименÑйÑе ее Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки
пÑогÑамм. Ðо кÑайней меÑе, не
+ÑазÑабаÑÑвайÑе ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Java компании Sun не
+Ñвободна. ÐÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑе плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Java, но Ñ
ниÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
возможноÑÑей
+плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Java компании Sun. Так ÑÑо, еÑли вÑ
пÑименÑеÑе плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Java
+компании Sun, еÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑноÑÑÑ, ÑÑо вÑ
воÑполÑзÑеÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸-Ñо ÑÑнкÑиÑми,
+коÑоÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ° неÑ. Ð Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ðµ не бÑдеÑе
ÑÑого знаÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ замеÑиÑе,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ замеÑиÑе пÑоблемÑ, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо пÑогÑамма бÑдеÑ
+ÑабоÑаÑÑ. Ðна бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° плаÑÑоÑме
Sun. РпоÑом, ÑеÑез неÑколÑко
+меÑÑÑев, Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑобÑеÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° наÑей
плаÑÑоÑме и ÑвидиÑе, ÑÑо вÑ
+пÑоделали ÑабоÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑкиÑ
меÑÑÑев,
опиÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑнкÑиÑ, коÑоÑой Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ,
+и Ð²Ñ ÑкажеÑе: “Ð! ÐеÑеделÑваÑÑ —
ÑÑо ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ñйма ÑабоÑÑ; мне
+ÑÑо не по Ñилам”.
+Ð Ñогда ваÑа пÑогÑамма вообÑе не ÑÑанеÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвободной плаÑÑоÑме. Ðо
+кÑайней меÑе, пока не пÑÐ¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑколÑко
Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¸ Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑеализÑем Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑой
+ÑÑнкÑии. Так ÑÑо вам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
наÑей Ñвободной плаÑÑоÑмой Java
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки ÑÑого. ÐÑименÑйÑе
плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ GNU Java... компилÑÑÐ¾Ñ Java GNU и
+GNU Classpath в каÑеÑÑве библиоÑек. Ðе
полÑзÑйÑеÑÑ Ð±Ð¸Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ñеками Java
+компании Sun, они не ÑвободнÑ. Так ÑÑо Ñаким
обÑазом, еÑли Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð°-нибÑдÑ
+наÑинаеÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑандаÑÑнÑм
ÑÑедÑÑвом Java, коÑоÑого Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ, вÑ
+ÑвидиÑе ÑÑо немедленно. Ð Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе найÑи
какой-Ñо дÑÑгой ÑпоÑоб ÑеÑениÑ
+пÑоблемÑ, не ÑÑаÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ вÑемени впÑÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð´ÑмаеÑе, ÑÑо ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
ÑамÑм ÑеÑÑезнÑм пÑепÑÑÑÑвием
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм в Ðндии? Ðак нам его
пÑеодолеÑÑ?</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Я Ð±Ñ Ñказал, ÑÑо Ñамое болÑÑое
пÑепÑÑÑÑвие Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+в Ðндии в наÑÑоÑÑий Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ —
ÑенденÑÐ¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
оÑганов и
+ÑÑебнÑÑ
заведений пÑименÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ. Ðизненно важно ÑбедиÑÑ
+ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑÑиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑей в Ðндии ÑаÑÑи
ÑвободнÑми. Ðогда Windows... Microsoft
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ñколам беÑплаÑнÑе копии Windows,
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑаÑÑ: “ÐÑ
+не бÑдем иÑ
пÑинимаÑÑ; Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑанем
ÑÑаÑÑвоваÑÑ Ð² пÑиÑÑении наÑиÑ
деÑей к
+завиÑимоÑÑи”.</p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа.</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. СледÑÑÑей вопÑÐ¾Ñ — оÑ
Ðанкаджа. “ÐÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
+доÑÑÑпноÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа ÑÑи
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑзвимÑми Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ñак?”</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑ, вообÑе говоÑÑ, оÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÑмо
пÑоÑивоположен. ÐаÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
+гоÑаздо безопаÑнее. ÐÑедлагаÑÑ ÑазнÑе
ÑообÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ пÑиÑинаÑ
ÑÑого. Я не
+знаÑ, поÑемÑ, но наблÑдаеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑо. </p>
+
+<p>СледÑÑÑий вопÑоÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑо поÑледний вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑой
конÑеÑенÑии.</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ХоÑоÑо.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. “Ðедавно бÑли ÑпоÑÑ Ð¾ GFDL.
Ð Ñем заклÑÑалиÑÑ
+ÑазноглаÑиÑ?</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. ÐÑоÑÑиÑе, ÑазноглаÑиÑ
оÑноÑиÑелÑно Ñего?</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑноÑиÑелÑно GFDL, лиÑензии.</p>
+
+<p><b>РС</b>. Ð! ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди, коÑоÑÑм не нÑавÑÑÑÑ
некоÑоÑÑе пÑнкÑÑ GFDL. Ð GFDL
+Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкие ÑазделÑ, ÑазделÑ, в
коÑоÑÑÑ
даеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñе мнение
+об... об оÑÑаÑли и Ñак далее, коÑоÑÑе
неизменÑемÑ. ÐÑ
нелÑÐ·Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð¸
+ÑдалÑÑÑ. Ð GFDL говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñам пÑедмеÑ
ÑабоÑÑ... она ÑоÑÑавлена длÑ
+ÑÑководÑÑв. Рв GFDL говоÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñама
докÑменÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ñвободной,
+но Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñакже ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ
мнением, в коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹
+докÑменÑаÑии, но в ниÑ
Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑе Ñвое мнение
о ÑÑике оÑÑаÑли и Ñак далее. Ð
+ÑÑи ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑÑÑ
неизменнÑми. ÐÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди, коÑоÑÑе дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо
+ÑÑо непÑавилÑно. Я дÑмаÑ, иÑ
понимание
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑлиÑком жеÑÑко. У лÑдей
+должна бÑÑÑ Ñвобода изменÑÑÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкÑÑ
ÑÑÑноÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ. Ð GFDL
+пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ. Ðо еÑли где-Ñо
Ñам еÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ авÑоÑа, ÑÑо не
+меÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼, полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑоизведениÑ,
вÑполнÑÑÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ, и не
+меÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ пÑавиÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ
дÑÑгÑÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Так ÑÑо, Ñаз ÑÑо поÑледний вопÑоÑ, видимо,
Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñили.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñим ваÑ, ÑÑÑ, за
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð´Ð¾Ñ
новлÑÑÑий и инÑеÑеÑнÑй
+ÑеанÑ.</p>
+
+<p><b>РС (пÑеÑÑваеÑ)</b>. Ðе назÑвайÑе менÑ,
пожалÑйÑÑа, ÑÑÑом.</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑ Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñим ваÑ, РиÑаÑд, за
ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð´Ð¾Ñ
новлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ инÑеÑеÑнÑÑ
+вÑÑÑеÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð¿ÐµÑедали нам колоÑÑалÑное
знание о ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
и
+ÑазÑеÑили много Ñомнений, каÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ
движениÑ. ТепеÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÐ¼,
+как важно полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами. ÐÑимиÑе ÑвеÑениÑ, ÑÑо здеÑÑ,
+в ÑообÑеÑÑве ÑÑÑденÑов наÑего ÑакÑлÑÑеÑа,
Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑиобÑели много новÑÑ
+поÑледоваÑелей. ÐÑ ÑÑиÑаем ÑебÑ...</p>
+
+<p><b>РС (пÑеÑÑваеÑ)</b>. ÐÑего добÑого!</p>
+
+<p><b>ÐедÑÑий</b>. ÐÑего вам добÑого, ÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>[аплодиÑменÑÑ]</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>УÑаÑÑники (в алÑавиÑном поÑÑдке): Ðиджай
ÐÑмаÑ, Ðимал ÐжозеÑ, ÐÑиÑнан,
+СаÑавана Ðаникам.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2004 Richard M. Stallman, Vijay Kumar<br />Copyright ©
+2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted in
+any medium, provided this notice is preserved. </p><p> (ÐÑквалÑное
+копиÑование и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение вÑей ÑÑой
ÑÑаÑÑи ÑазÑеÑено на лÑбом ноÑиÑеле
+пÑи ÑÑловии, ÑÑо ÑÑо Ñведомление ÑоÑ
ÑанÑеÑÑÑ)</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2015/01/28 11:26:58 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/nit-india.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/nit-india.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/nit-india.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/nit-india.ru-en.html 28 Jan 2015 11:26:59 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1528 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Stallman's Speech at National Institute of Technology
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nit-india.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>National Institute of Technology - Trichy - India - 17 February 2004</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
+</p>
+
+ <p><em>Transcript of the speech on “Free Software” by
+Dr. Richard Stallman on Feb 17, 2004 at the National Institute of
+Technology, Trichy, TN, India.</em>
+</p>
+
+ <p><b>[MOC]</b> We will be starting off with the video conferencing
+session in a short while, audience please note, the questions should
+be written on a piece of paper, and handed over to MOC desk. We have
+volunteers all around waiting with papers, so please use them to ask
+your questions. Dr. Richard Stallman has a hearing problem and
+therefore he will not be able to understand your language.
+</p>
+
+ <p>Ladies and gentlemen, I feel privileged to be given the opportunity to
+to take you through this morning session, which is a trend setter in
+many ways. This is the first time in the history of NIT, Trichy that a
+video conference is going to take place. And the ECE association,
+prides itself in taking this initiative. This wouldn't have been
+possible without the vision and hard work of the staff and the final
+years. We hope this initiative will be the first of many in the future
+and the good work is carried on in the coming years.
+</p>
+
+<p>Software, a product of digital revolution is a more like
+magic. Hundreds of copies of a software can be made at touch of a
+button. Portions of code can copied and used in another program
+without much effort. These and lot of other properties make it an
+entirely different beast. A beast that does not bow to the
+conventional copyright laws. But some people for their own selfishness
+have tamed this beast and deprived the society the benefits of
+software.
+</p>
+
+<p>Amidst this rose a man, who vowed to give back computer users their
+lost freedom. He proved to the world not by words, but by action that
+it is possible to produce software without computer users having to
+give up their freedom. A man who needs no introduction, but
+nevertheless must be introduced for sake formality. Dr. Richard
+Stallman is the founder of the GNU project, 1984 to develop the free
+operating system, GNU. And thereby give computer users the freedom,
+that most of them had lost. GNU is a free software. Everyone is free
+to copy it, and redistribute it, as well as make changes, either large
+or small.
+</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Richard Stallman graduated from Harvard in 1974, with a B.A in
+physics. During his college years he also worked as a staff hacker, at
+the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> AI
+lab, learning operating system development on the fly. In 1984, he
+resigned from <abbr>MIT</abbr> to start the GNU project. He has
+received numerous prizes and awards for his work, which need no
+mention.
+</p>
+
+<p>Today Linux based systems, variants of the GNU system based on the
+kernel Linux, developed by Linus Torvalds are in wide spread use. There
+are estimated to be some 20 million users of Linux based systems
+today. And the number is growing at an unprecedented rate.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ladies and gentlemen, meet the man, the driving force of the free
+software movement, Dr. Richard Stallman. [applause] [silence]
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Should I start?
+[silence]
+</p>
+
+<p>Can you hear me?
+[silence]
+</p>
+
+<p>Please raise your hands if you cannot hear me. [silence] So, if
+people could possibly be a bit quieter, I guess that I can start.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Audience please maintain silence. Thank you.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Or may be it is just the system that is generating noise. I
+can't tell, I can't hear, if its people talking or it's some artifact
+of the communication system. It's just coming across as lot of noise
+to me. Just turn the volume down some how, I will see how to do
+that. I don't seem to have a control for that. Don't worry about
+it. Don't turn it all the way off though. Just a little bit lower.
+</p>
+
+<p>I want to have some indication of what's going on in the room, so that
+I can hear you, but the volume may be just a bit too high, so that the
+room noise is getting tremendous.
+</p>
+
+<p>Okay. Lets see. [silence] Well I guess, I will just start, if
+that's the thing to do. My speech today well… Is it the time I
+should start. Or people are still coming into the room, should I wait
+a couple of more minutes.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Sir, we can start.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> I see people coming in. I will wait till the people
+come in and get seated.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Sir, it is getting late, I think we can start.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Okay. What is free software? Free Software is software
+that respects the freedom of the users. This doesn't have anything to
+do with price, at least not directly. I am not talking about gratis
+software. I don't mean software that you get without paying. That is
+actually a side issue that is not particularly relevant. I mean
+software that you can use in freedom. Software that respects the
+freedoms of the user. Or I should be more specific. Which are the
+freedoms, that I mean.
+</p>
+
+<p>For programs to be free software, you the user must have four specific
+freedoms. There is freedom zero, the freedom to run the program, for
+whatever purpose in whatever manner. There is freedom one, the freedom
+to study the source code, to see what the program really does. And
+then change it to do, what you want. There is freedom two, which is
+the freedom to distribute copies to others, in other words the freedom
+to help your neighbor. And there is freedom three, the freedom to help
+build your community which is the freedom to publish a modified
+version, so that others can benefit from your contribution.
+</p>
+
+<p>All these freedoms, are essential. It's a mistake to think of them as
+levels of freedom, because all four must be present, in order for the
+software to be ethically legitimate.
+</p>
+
+<p>Why these particular freedoms? Freedom zero is essential so that you
+can have control over your own computer. If you are not free to use
+the program for whatever purpose in whatever manner then your use of
+your own computer, is being restricted. But freedom zero is not enough
+to have control over your own computer, because without more than that
+you can't control what the program does.
+</p>
+
+<p>Freedom one is essential, freedom one enables to see personally what
+the program really does, and then it change to do whatever you really
+want it to do. If you don't have freedom one, then you do not control
+what your computer is doing, the developer of the program controls,
+what it's going to do on your computer, and you have no recourse.
+</p>
+
+<p>In fact, its not unusual for developers put in malicious
+features. This is primarily developers nonfree software, that put in
+malicious features and they figure that you cannot take them out. They
+figure, they will get away with it. Because you are helpless. It is
+very common for nonfree programs to spy on the user. And they figure
+you might not be able to tell that its are spying on you, because you
+can't get the source code and so how would you know what it is
+reporting about you. We found out some cases, where programs spy on
+you. For example, Windows spies on you. 3 years ago there was a
+scandal, because Microsoft setup Windows to report what is installed
+on your disk. It would send this information back to Microsoft. Then
+there was a scandal there was an uproar so Microsoft took it out, and
+put it back in disguise.
+</p>
+
+<p>About a year ago, some developers… some researchers found
+out that, they figured out that, Windows XP when it asked for an
+upgrade, also reports to Microsoft, what's installed on your disk. And
+it does this secretly, it sends the list of files encrypted, so that
+it was impossible for people to tell easily that this was going
+on. They had to work hard [FIXME: 12:10] ??? to determine what
+information Windows was sending back to Microsoft. But, Windows is not
+the only software package, nonfree software package that [FIXME:
+12:30 spies] on you. Windows media player also spies on you. Every time
+you access something, it sends a report to Microsoft, saying what you
+are looking at. And Real Player also spies on you. So Microsoft is not
+the only nonfree software developer guilty of this kind of special
+mistreatment of the users. The Tivo spies on you. Some people
+enthusiastic on Tivo, because it is based on GNU and Linux to some
+extent.
+</p>
+
+<p>But it also contains nonfree software. And it is designed to spy
+on you, and report what you watch. I am told there are many other
+programs that are spy-ware. Then there are programs that do other
+nasty things to you. For instance there are programs that reconfigure
+your computer, so for instance that it will display ads for you all
+the time, and they don't tell you install this program and it will
+display these ads. They figure that most of the users won't notice,
+they won't will be able to figure out. They figure you will install
+several programs and you won't know which one changed your computer's
+configuration. Or that you won't know how to undo it.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>Of course, if it
+were free software this could be fixed. I will get to that in a
+minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have
+features designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers
+like to talk about how their programs could do things for you. But
+sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things for
+you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions
+Management. Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for
+you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy files or convert files.
+</p>
+
+<p>Even more bizarre, there is a malicious feature in the music
+sharing program, Kazaa, where the company… the developers sell
+time on your computer. So, other people will pay Kazaa, so that they
+can run their programs on your computer. They don't pay you. In fact,
+this was being kept secret. The developers of Kazaa didn't say to the
+users, “By the way, we are going to be selling time on your
+computer.” People had to figure this out.
+</p>
+
+<p>So, I am telling you examples, that I have heard of. But you never
+know, if there is some other nonfree program, how do you it has some
+malicious secret feature. The point is you can't get the
+source. Without freedom one, the freedom to help yourself, the freedom
+to study the source code and change it to do what you want, you can't
+tell what the program is really doing. All you can do is put blind
+faith in the developer. The developer says, “The program does
+this” Now you either believe it or you don't.
+</p>
+
+<p>Of course, not all developers of nonfree software are putting
+malicious features. Some really are sincerely doing their best to put
+in features to please the user. But, they are all human, and they all
+mistakes. These mistakes are called bugs. Well, we free software
+developers are also human, and we also make mistakes. Our programs
+have bugs too. The difference is, when you have freedom you can study
+the source code and you can find whatever is bad in the program,
+whether it is a deliberate malicious feature or an accident. Either
+way you can find it, and then you can fix the program to get rid of
+it. You can make the program better. With nonfree software you are
+just helpless. But with free software you have power over your
+computer. You are in control.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>But freedom one is not enough. Freedom
+one is the freedom, to personally study the source code and then
+change it to do what you want. That is the freedom to help
+yourself. But freedom one is not enough, because first of all there
+are millions of people who use computers but do not know how to
+program. Freedom one is not enough for them. They don't how to
+personally study the source code and change it to do what they
+want. But even for us programmers freedom one is not enough. Because
+there are so many programs. Nobody has time to study them all, and
+master them all, to be able to make changes in each one of them.
+</p>
+
+<p>So, we need to be able to work together. And that's what freedom three
+is for. Freedom three is the freedom to help build your community, by
+publishing a modified version. So other people can use your
+version. This is what makes it possible for us all to work together
+taking control of our computers and our software.
+</p>
+
+<p>…That there are a million users and all of them want a
+certain change in a certain program. They want it to work like this
+way instead. Well, in those million people, just by luck, there will
+be a thousand who know how to program. Sooner or later there will be a
+ten of them, who read the source of the program, and made the change
+and publish a modified version that does what they want. And there are
+million other people who want the same thing. So, they will use the
+modified version. They all get a change to have what they
+want. Because a few of them made the change.
+</p>
+
+<p>With freedom three, a few people can make change and it then
+becomes available to many people. And this way, any collectivity of
+users can take control over their software. What happens if there is a
+group of people who want a change but none of them knows how to
+program. Suppose if only 500 people and none of them is a
+programmer. Now, suppose it is 10000 but they are all people who have
+stores, so that they don't know how to program. Well, with free
+software they can still make use of freedom one and three. They can
+all put together some money and when they have collected the money
+they can go to a programmer or to a programming company and say,
+“How much would you charge, to make this particular change and
+when can you have it done?”
+</p>
+
+<p>And if they don't like what that particular company says, they can
+go to a different company and say, “What would you charge to
+make this change and when can you have it done?” They can choose
+who they are going to deal with. And this illustrates the fact that
+free software means that there is a free market, for all kinds of
+services such as, to make the program do what you want. With nonfree
+software, support is a monopoly, because only the developer has the
+source code and only the developer can make any change.
+</p>
+
+<p>So if you don't like what the program does, you have to go to the
+developer and beg, “Oh, please developer, please do my change
+for me.” And probably the developer says, “You are not
+important enough, why should I care about you. There are just a
+hundred thousand of you why should I care.” But with free
+software, there is a free market for support and if the developer
+isn't interested in what you want some body else will be, especially
+if you have some money to pay.
+</p>
+
+<p>There are users of software who consider good support crucial and they
+are willing to pay money so that they could have good support. In
+general, because free software support is a free market, these users
+can expect better support for their money, if they are using free
+software.
+</p>
+
+<p>Paradoxically speaking, when you have a choice between several
+nonfree programs to do the same job, which ever one you choose the
+support for it is going to be a monopoly afterwards, so at the
+beginning you get a choice, but afterwards you are stuck in a
+monopoly. That's the paradox you have a choice between monopolies. In
+other words you get to choose who is going to be your master. But a
+choice of masters is not freedom, with free software you don't have to
+choose a master. You get to choose freedom, you don't have to choose
+between monopolies instead, you continue to have freedom for as long
+as you keep using that program you are using it in freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>So I have explained freedom zero, one and three. These freedoms are
+all necessary so that you can have control over your computer. Freedom
+two is a different matter, Freedom two is to help your neighbor by
+distributing copies of the programs to others. Freedom two is
+essential for a basic ethical reason, so that you can live an upright
+life where you help other people.
+</p>
+
+<p>Now, the spirit… the most important resource of any society
+is the spirit of good will, the spirit of readiness to help your
+neighbors. Of course, nobody spends a 100% of time helping his
+neighbors, nobody does a 100% of whatever other people ask. And that
+is appropriate because you have to take care of yourself also. But
+only extremely bad people do zero to help their neighbors and in fact
+normally in society you have levels of helping the neighbors in
+between, not 0 and not a 100% and these levels can get bigger or
+smaller depending on social change, by how we organize society we can
+encourage people to help their neighbor and help each other some what
+more or some what less and these changes in the levels make the
+difference between a livable society and a dog eat dog jungle. And it
+is not by accident that the world's major religions for 1000 of years
+have been encouraging people to help their neighbors, encouraging a
+spirit of benevolence of good will towards your fellow human beings.
+</p>
+
+<p>So what does it mean when powerful social institutions start saying
+sharing with your neighbor is wrong, they are discouraging people from
+helping each other reducing the level of cooperation. They are
+poisoning this essential resource. What does it mean when they say if
+you help your neighbor you are a pirate. They are saying that to share
+with your neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship. That
+morality is upside down, because attacking ships are really really bad
+but helping your neighbor is good and must be encouraged and what does
+it mean when the start making harsh punishments for people who share
+with their neighbors. How much fear is it going to take before people
+are too scared to help their neighbors.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>Do you want to be living in a
+society filled with this level of terror. The only … for what
+they are doing is terror campaign. In 2 countries so far in Argentina
+and then in Germany, these companies, the developers of nonfree
+software have sent public threats, threatening people would be raped
+in prison for using unauthorized copies of software. The only thing
+you can call it when people are threatening others will rape is a
+terror campaign and we should put and end to this terrorism, right
+away.
+</p>
+
+<p>Now, why did I say that freedom two, the freedom to help your
+neighbor is necessary to live an upright life. Because if you agree to
+license for a nonfree program, you have partly participated in the
+evil. You have put yourself in a bad moral situation. By using a
+program that does not give you freedom two, the freedom to help your
+neighbor, you have put yourself in a moral dilemma, potentially. It
+may never happen, but as soon as somebody comes to you and says, could
+I have a copy of this program. You are now in a moral dilemma, where
+you have to choose between two evils. One evil is make a copy help
+your neighbor, but you violate the license, the other evil is you
+follow the license but you are a bad neighbor.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>They are both wrong, so
+you have to choose the lesser evil, the lesser evil in my opinion is
+to share with your neighbor and violate the license. Because your
+neigh deserves… presuming this person had done nothing wrong,
+hasn't mistreated you, then he deserves your cooperation. Where as,
+who ever tried to divide you from your neighbors is doing something
+very very wrong and doesn't deserve your cooperation, so if you got to
+do something wrong, you got to do it to somebody who deserves it.
+</p>
+
+<p>However, once you recognize this, once you realize, that using this
+nonfree program means you are liable to end up with a choice between
+two evils, what you should really do is to refuse to get into that
+situation, by refusing to use the nonfree program, refusing to have
+the nonfree program. If you insist on using and having only free
+software then you cant ever get into this moral dilemma. Because when
+ever your friend asks you for a copy of the program, you will be able
+to say “sure,” and it wont be any evil because free
+software means you are free to distribute copies. It means you have
+not promised that you refuse to share with other people. You can share
+and there is nothing bad about the situation. So once you recognize
+that, using and having the nonfree program means putting yourself in
+a potential moral dilemma, you say no to it. And that way you avoid
+the moral dilemma. You stay in a position where you can live in a
+upright life and you are not going to find yourself forced to do
+something wrong.
+</p>
+
+<p>Once I was in the audience when John Perry Barlow was giving his
+speech, and he asked raise your hand if you don't have any
+unauthorized copies of software and only one person in the audience
+raised his hand, it was me. And he saw that and he said, “Oh, of
+course you.” He knew that all my copies were legal authorized
+copies because the programs were all free software. There are people
+who made copies from me were all authorized to copy the program and
+give me a copy. And all my copies were authorized.
+</p>
+
+<p>The information police, who are trying to put people in prison for
+having unauthorized copies, are doing something wrong. What they are
+doing is something illegitimate, what ah… what is it
+called… NASCOM, what they are doing is wrong, but at the same
+time I don't want to have to be sneaking when I give you copies of the
+software, so I would rather use the free software and then I can stand
+up even with the police watching. And I can give you a copy and I
+don't have to be scared we don't have to live in fear, by choosing
+free software. So these are the reasons that the four freedoms that
+define free software. Freedom zero is the freedom to run the program
+as you seek it. Freedom one is the freedom to help yourself by
+studying the source code and changing it to do what you want. Freedom
+two is to distribute copies to others, and freedom three is the
+freedom to build your community by publishing an improved version, so
+as to help the other users of software.
+</p>
+
+<p>Now, none of these is a question of price. Free software does not mean
+you can get it at zero price. In fact it is perfectly legitimate for
+people to sell copies. That's an example of freedom two, freedom two is
+the freedom to make copies and distribute it to others. That includes
+selling them if you wish. You are free to make copies and sell
+them. It is true that typically people won't pay a large amount of
+money for their copies, because they know that can find someone else
+can give him a copy, so most people won't pay very much for a
+copy. They might pay a certain amount you know if the price is small
+enough, if it is easier them for them to pay it, than to go hunt
+around and go to the trouble of getting a copy gratis. There are
+people sell copies, and they make some money with it.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>But people
+generally can't do is hold the users to ransom, squeezing a lots of
+painful money out of them, because at that point the users will
+redistribute copies to each other, they will make the effort. So free
+software can't be used to squeeze money out of people in a way that
+hurts society. But it doesn't mean that no money ever changes hands it
+does not mean gratis. Sometimes people in India refer it to as Mukth
+software or Swatantra software, to emphasis that we are not talking
+about gratis. But it is true that the savings that users can have
+because they are not forced to pay for permission, can be important
+for encouraging computer use, in a country with lots of poor people,
+because authorized copies of the software can cost more than the
+computer.
+</p>
+
+<p>Now the computer can cost this much and the authorized
+copies of software can cost this much. Well, there are lots of people
+in India who might be able to afford the computer, but couldn't
+possibly afford the software, because they can just barely afford a
+computer. So free software can make a big difference in terms of who
+in India can get a computer and run it. We don't see this yet, because
+a lot of people in India are using unauthorized copies. I don't think
+it is wrong to use unauthorized copies, but we can see the developers
+of nonfree software are trying to make this impossible. They have two
+different ways, one is the terror campaign you know threatening to
+rape people in prison, and the other one is technical changes that can
+prevent the unauthorized copies from running, making people register
+in order for the software to run, you can see this in Windows XP, and
+there are more such measures coming.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>So what we can expect is, that it
+would be harder and harder in India to get by using unauthorized
+copies. And that means computer use in India and computer users in
+India are heading for a train wreck. They are on a course that leads
+to disaster and the thing that India needs to build is, start making
+effort to get on to the other track, to get on to the free software
+track, the track that escapes from this problem. So every social
+institutions in India, every government agency, every school, every
+organization, should be working as quickly as feasible, to switch
+people from the nonfree track to the free track.
+</p>
+
+<p>But this is not what they are doing. And you can see easily if you
+look around easily, government organization in India are mostly using
+nonfree software. And schools in India are using nonfree
+software. This is a terrible mistake, it is a foolish and disastrous
+policy, governments of course deserves to use free software. Every
+computer user deserves to have the four freedoms, and that includes
+government agencies that use software. But when it is a government
+agency it has a responsibility, a duty to choose free
+software. Because government agency does data processing for the
+public, and they have a responsibility to maintain control over their
+computers, to make sure that the data processing that they are doing
+is right. They do not, they cannot legitimately allow the processing
+of data to fall into private hands, so our private parties to have
+control over what their computers are doing.
+</p>
+
+<p>I see a lot of people moving around, what's happening…
+what's happening… I can't hear you, the sound is turned off
+apparently…
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Sir, we are collecting questions.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Any way I hope it is over now. I will continue. So
+government agencies have a duty to make sure that they continue to
+control, what's going on in their own computers.
+</p>
+
+<p>So I see, you are collecting the questions already. But I am not
+even finished yet! Anyway… I am probably about a half
+finished. OK, now I understand. So okay, I will continue.
+</p>
+
+<p>Because remember, if you are using a nonfree program, you don't
+really know what it does and you have no control over what it really
+does. You can't tell if there is a back door. There are people who
+suspect that Microsoft has put a back door into Windows or other
+software. We don't know, because we can't see the source code, there
+is no way to find out, if there is a back door. And it is possible
+also, that some of Microsoft employees put in a back door without
+being asked to. I heard some of the people working on Windows XP, were
+arrested, accused of working a terrorist organization and accused of
+trying to put in a back door. Now, this means, if you are using
+nonfree software, you have be scared that the company, that is the
+developer put in a back door, and you also have to be scared that some
+developers secretly put in a back door, that even the company doesn't
+know about. The point is, that because you can't get the source code,
+study it and change it, you are helpless either way.
+</p>
+
+<p>And Microsoft did something really stupid. Well, really
+absurd. Supposedly, they offered various governments access to the
+source code. But they did it in a way that is fraudulent. For
+instance, they offered the Indian government access to the source code
+of Windows. But, that doesn't mean that they offered a copy of the
+source code to Indian government. Oh No! They offered access to a
+special server site, where a few chosen people from the government
+will be able to login and then single step through programs. And
+supposedly, see what's going on in the source code. But there would be
+no way they could guarantee that the source code they are looking at
+in the server, is the same thing that is running on their own
+machines. So the whole this is a fraud. A joke. Except, the joke would
+be on the Indian government, if it said yes to this project.
+</p>
+
+<p>And, meanwhile, even if one organization got access to the source
+code, if your organization doesn't have access to the source code,
+that doesn't help you.
+</p>
+
+<p>Every school in India should be using free software. So as, to teach
+the children of India to grow up to be free software users. You see,
+teaching these children to become users of nonfree software is
+guiding them on to the track that leads to the train wreck. So schools
+have to be teaching these children to grow up to be free software
+users.
+</p>
+
+<p>It should be no surprise, that Microsoft is offering gratis copies of
+Windows to schools in India. They are doing this for the same reason
+that tobacco companies used to offer gratis packs of cigarettes to
+children. They are trying to get children hooked. They are not doing
+this, to be helpful to anybody. They are doing this so as to have more
+of their grip around these children. So, they are asking the schools
+to become accessories, in maintaining their grip. And this should not
+be surprising. If you compare Microsoft with other forms of
+colonialism, you will see a lot of similarities. Because you see,
+nonfree software is a system of colonialism. The developers…
+Instead of one country colonizing another, it is various companies
+trying to colonize the whole world. And they do this, using divide
+conquer tactics. Keeping the user divided and helpless.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>And if you
+think about it, that is what a nonfree program does, it keeps the
+users divided and helpless. Divided, because you are forbidden to
+distribute copies to other people, forbidden to help your
+neighbor. And helpless, because you can't get the source code and
+change it. So, with this divide and conquer policy, you also see the
+policy of using the local [45:20] ???? to keep everyone else
+inline. So Microsoft offers special deals, to whoever seems to have
+special influence, to get them to use Windows, and thus keep everyone
+else inline. Governments are being used in this way. And schools are
+being used in this way. The schools of India should reject nonfree
+software, and thus refuse to be used to keep the population of India
+inline and under the domination of the developers of nonfree
+software.
+</p>
+
+<p>But there are two even deeper reasons, why schools in India should
+insist on free software. One reason is for the sake of education. As
+people reach their teenage years, some of them are going to be
+fascinated by computers. They are going want to learn everything about
+what is going on inside that computer. They are going to want to learn
+how does this program work. If they are using nonfree software, the
+teacher has to tell them, “Sorry, you can't learn that, I can't
+learn that. It's a secret. Nobody is allowed to learn that.”
+Non-free software prohibits education. But with free software, the
+teacher can say, “Go ahead. Here's the source code for this
+program. Read it. You can learn. And then, now that you have read the
+source code, try making a change, try making a small change in this
+program. And then try making another. Try changing that program. Try
+changing that program.” And this way the students who are
+fascinated by computers will learn to write good software.
+</p>
+
+<p>As far as I can tell, some people are born with the skill program,
+are born with their brains growing so that they will have the skill to
+program. They will be natural programmers. But writing clear
+understandable software is something you have to learn. That's
+judgment. The way you learn is by reading lots of source and by
+changing lots of programs. That way you learn what makes a program
+easy to understand and easy to change. Every time you try to read a
+program and it is hard to figure out a certain part, you learn this is
+not the way to write clear code. Non-free software doesn't help you do
+this. Non-free software just keeps you in the dark. But if the schools
+of India switched to free software, then they can offer the students
+the opportunity to learn to be good programmers. To learn the same way
+I learnt.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>In the 1970s, I had a special opportunity. I
worked at the
+AI lab at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. And there, we had our own time sharing
+system, which was free software. We would share with anybody. In fact,
+we were delighted anytime when somebody was interested in any part of
+it. We were delighted anytime somebody wanted to join us in using it
+and then help develop it. And so I had the opportunity to read all
+these different programs that were part of the system, and make
+changes in them. And by doing this over and over again, for years, I
+learnt to be a good programmer. I had to go to one particular place on
+earth, to have this opportunity, which was very unusual, very
+rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating system, will
+offer you this opportunity. Every school in India that has a computer
+can offer its students the same opportunity, that I could only get at
+<abbr>MIT</abbr>.
+</p>
+
+<p>So schools should use free software for the sake of education, but
+there is an even deeper reason, because schools are not supposed to
+teach just facts, just skills, but even more deep, they are supposed
+to teach the spirit of goodwill, the habit of cooperating with other
+people. So schools shall have a rule: If you bring software to class,
+you are not allowed to keep it for yourself, you must let the other
+kids copy it. A rule of good citizenship. Of course, the school has to
+practice its on own. So, the school also should only bring free
+software to class. The software running on computers in class should
+all be free software and this way the schools can teach good
+citizenship.
+</p>
+
+<p>Three weeks ago… No it was two weeks ago, when i met with
+Dr. Kalam and explained to him about why schools should use free
+software and about how nonfree software is colonial system, I was
+really delighted, because he understood it instantly. He recognized
+the analogy, how the colonial powers tried to recruit the [FIXME:
+51:40 weaks] ??? to become their assistants for keeping the rest of
+the population inline. And then, the most delightful part was that
+some people from Microsoft were waiting to see him next. I am sure
+when he spoke with them… that this comparison will go through
+his mind, as they try to convince him to do something or other, as
+they offered some kind of inducement to help keep India inline.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>What
+happened in that meeting, of course I don't know; because I wasn't
+there in his subsequent meeting with Microsoft. But I'm sure with this
+analogy running through his minds, he would have had some effect and I
+hope it will have some effect on you. When you, as part of the Indian
+[FIXME: 52:30] ??? are invited to help keep India inline. That you
+recognize that it's your duty to say no. When somebody invites you to
+join in a free software movement, where we weave our own code
+together, that you'll recognize that this is the way to put an end to
+colonialism.
+</p>
+
+<p>Well, when somebody says, “What?! we have an office in India;
+we were spending a million dollars a year paying a few people in
+India. Doesn't this make it okay for us the colonizer of the rest of
+India.” Well, you will recognize how stupid is this. The British
+employed people in India too, but that didn't make colonialism a good
+thing; didn't make it legitimate; didn't make it ethical. Because
+every computer user deserves freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>So I've been explaining why software should be free. So what do we do
+about it? I was thinking about these issues in 1983 and I reached the
+conclusion that software should be free; that the only way to live in
+freedom is to insist on free software. But what can i do about it? If
+you want to get a computer and run it, the first thing you need is an
+operating system and in 1983 all the operating systems for modern
+computers were nonfree, were proprietary. So what can I do? The only
+way you can get a modern computer and run it was to sign a contract
+promising to betray your neighbors. How could there be an alternative?
+The only way to have an alternative, the only way to use a computer
+and within freedom, was to write a free operating system.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>So I decided
+I would do that. I was an operating system developer, I've the skills
+to undertake this project. So I decided I would write free operating
+system, or die trying, presumably of old age. Because at that time,
+the free software movement which was just beginning, had no
+enemies. We just had a lot of work to do. So I decided that I would
+develop a free operating system and I decided to make it a Unix like
+operating system. So that it would be portable and so that Unix users
+would be having easy times switching over to this operating system
+that would give them freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>I figured, by making it compatible with some existing popular
+systems, we'll have more users and thus the community of freedom, the
+free world would grow bigger. And I gave the system the name GNU,
+which stands for GNU's Not Unix. It's a humorous way of giving credit
+to the ideas of Unix. It's a recursive acronym and that was a
+traditional programmers of having fun and giving credit at the same
+time. At the same time the word GNU, is used for lots of word plays,
+it's a word that has a lot of humor associated with it which makes it
+the best possible name for anything. I should explain that the word
+GNU is the name of an animal that was in Africa. We use the animal as
+our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal with some horns that is
+associated with our software, that's a gnu.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>So 20 years and 1 month
+ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began
+developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of course, I was
+also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually over the
+years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we had
+only a few parts of the GNU system; some of these parts were superior
+and so people would take them and install them on their nonfree
+systems. For instance, the GNU Emacs text editor and the GNU C
+compiler. These were programs that people would learn even on top of
+their nonfree Unix system. But our real goal was not just to have a
+few popular programs, the goal was to make a complete system. So that
+we should reject the nonfree systems; reject nonfree software,
+escape from the bondage of nonfree software. So we kept filling in
+these gaps in the system and by the early 90s we had just one
+important gap remaining and that was the kernel.
+</p>
+
+<p>In 1991, a college student in Finland, wrote a free kernel and
+released it under the name Linux. Actually in 1991, it was not
+free. Initially it was released under a license which was little too
+restrictive and did not qualify as free. But in 1992, he changed the
+license and he made it free software. At that point it was possible to
+take this kernel and fit it into the gap in the GNU system and make a
+complete system. The system which is a combination of GNU and
+Linux. This GNU plus Linux operating system now has tens of millions
+of users.
+</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, most of them don't know that it's basically the GNU
+system. They think the whole system is Linux. That's the result of a
+confusion. The people who combined the Linux and the GNU system, they
+didn't realize that they were using Linux to fill this gap. They
+thought that they were starting with Linux, and adding all the other
+components that were needed to make a complete system. Well, all the
+other components were pretty much the GNU system. But they did not
+recognize that. They thought they were starting with Linux and turning
+it into a complete system. So, they started speaking of this entire
+system as Linux. Even though it was actually more GNU. The result is
+the confusion that you will see today. Many people when they talk
+about the GNU system call it Linux. In fact, if you see someone
+talking about Linux, then unless he is talking about an embedded
+system, he almost certainly means the GNU system with Linux added. But
+sometimes he is talking about embedded systems, and there maybe he really
+means Linux. Because in embedded systems, sometimes people use Linux
+by itself, without the rest of the operating system. You don't need a
+whole operating system in an embedded computer.
+</p>
+
+<p>So there is a lot of confusion. People say Linux, and sometimes
+they mean an entire operating system that you could run on a desktop
+or a server, and sometimes they mean just this kernel, which is enough
+for a embedded machine and that's all. So, if you want to avoid
+confusing people, you need to distinguish them, use different names
+for different things. When you are talking about the kernel, please
+call it ‘Linux’. That was written by a person, who chose
+the name Linux. And we ought to use the name he chose. When you are
+talking of the operating system, that's mostly GNU. And when I started
+developing it, I chose the name GNU. So please call this combination
+GNU plus Linux. All I am asking for, is a equal mention, for the
+principle developers of the system, the GNU project. We wrote the
+largest part of the system, and we had the vision for doing this whole
+job. Please give us equal mention. We need it. We need it, so that we
+can spread the philosophy. Teach people the ethical reasons. The
+social and political issues that are stake here. Why software should
+be free.
+</p>
+
+<p>Now, it was suggested I should talk about, some issues having to do
+with hardware. Sometimes, people ask whether hardware also should be
+free. Well, the issue only partly is meaningful. Because you see, what
+does it mean for software to be free. It means that, you are free to
+use it if you wish, study what it does, and change it. And copy it,
+and distribute copies, including modified copies. But you see,
+ordinary users of hardware, can't copy the hardware. There are no
+copiers. If I am ordinary user of software, I can copy it. Because
+every computer is a copier for software. And I don't need any special
+facilities to be able to study the plans and change them. I just need
+to understand programming. Then I can read the source code, as long as
+the developer will let me have a copy of the source code.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>But hardware
+isn't made by copying. You don't make computers, by putting them into
+a universal copier. You know, if somebody gives you one CPU chip, you
+can't copy that CPU chip to make another identical chip. Nobody can do
+that. There are no copiers. Now what about modifying it. Nobody can
+modify a chip. Once it's made, it's made. There are chips that are
+customizable. But to actually go in and modify the hardware of the
+chip, is impossible. For those chips that are customizable, suppose
+it is a microcodable chip, or a programmable gate array, the
+microcode, that's software, that's not hardware. The pattern of gates
+circuitry that goes in a programmable gate array chip, that pattern is
+software. That pattern can easily be changed and can easily be
+copied, because it is software.
+</p>
+
+<p>So that will help you understand, how these issues relate to various
+situations. The pattern that you load into something, that's
+software. And the physical object, that's the hardware. The physical
+object that can't just be copied, but has to be made in a factory.
+</p>
+
+<p>But sometimes, there is a different issue that does make sense for
+hardware. And that is the design spec, visible. You know, can the
+public get copies of design, to find out what the hardware does. Well,
+this is necessary in certain cases, so that you can check for
+malicious features. This is a fairly new issue. In the past, you know,
+if you go to disk controller, you know, it's a card, you are going to
+put it in your computer, you didn't have to worry very much. Is there
+a danger that there will be malicious feature on this disk
+controller. Because there wasn't really much danger. There wasn't much
+scope for putting in malicious feature into people's disk
+controllers. Because, how would they send a command to your disk
+controller. It just wasn't really feasible, to do those things. But,
+as these controllers get to be more… as the hardware gets more
+and more powerful hardware can be put in a smaller place, it becomes
+feasible, that somebody could put back doors, into your disk
+controller, into your CPU, into your network card. Now, how do you
+know that your network card isn't setup to receive some secret
+message, which is going to tell it to start spying on you somehow.
+</p>
+
+<p>So these issues start mattering, once the hardware becomes powerful
+enough, we need to insist that we can control what's really inside
+it. But you noticed, that the lot of stuff inside this so called
+hardware, is really software. A lot of device controllers nowadays,
+have computers in them. And there is software to get downloaded into
+this computer, and that software should be free. That's the only way
+we can trust it. That's the only way we can tell that it doesn't have
+some secret back door feature, to spy on us. It has got to be free
+software.
+</p>
+
+<p>So, the general rule is, if people ask me the question, “Does
+this apply to computers that are embedded?” I thought about this
+and I reached the conclusion, that if new software can be loaded into
+this computer, then it's visibly a computer, it really is a computer,
+for you the user. And that means you must have the freedom to control
+the software. But more recently, another issue is arising, that if the
+device can talk to the network, whether that's the Internet, or the
+cell phone network, or whatever. If it can talk to other people, then
+you don't know whether it is spying on you. So, it has to be free
+software. Consider for instance, portable phones. You shouldn't use a
+portable, unless the software is free. There really have been
+dangerous malicious features, in portable phones.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>There are portable
+phones in Europe which have this feature, that somebody can remotely
+tell the phone to listen to you. It really is a spy device, in the
+most classical sense. And if you have a portable phone, do you know
+who could be spying on you at any time? You don't unless you
+are… unless the software in your portable phone is a free
+software. So, we must insist on free software for this portable
+phones. That's just one of the reasons I won't use a portable
+phone. Because the portable phone network is a surveillance device. It
+can keep records of where you go. It can keep a permanent record of
+where you have been at all the time. And I think this is so dangerous
+such as threat to our freedom, that we must refuse to have these
+phones. They're dangerous, they're poison.
+</p>
+
+<p>Any way for more information I would like to refer you the gnu
+projects web site, which is www.gnu.org and also to the web site of
+the free software foundation of India, which is FSFIndia no
+sorry… I … no it's… It's gnu.org.in that's
+gnu.org.in. If you would like to help free software in India, please
+get in touch with FSF-India so that you can combine your efforts with
+other people and together you can fight for freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>From now I'll accept questions.
+</p>
+
+<p>Oh boy, am I sleepy!
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Sir, we will be reading out the questions one by one
+collected from the audience, and… then you can answer the
+questions.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Okay, if one person asks multiple questions, please
+give them to me one at a time.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Yes, sir.
+</p>
+
+<p>The first question comes from H. Sundar Raman. His question is,
+“What is the difference between Open Source Software and Free
+Software?”
+</p>
+<p>[RMS yawns]
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> I should first explain that Free Software and Open
+Source each has two related meanings.
+</p>
+
+<p>I am looking at a mirror image of myself. So it's hard to me to see
+where to put my hands.
+</p>
+
+<p>Each one refers to a categorical software and each one refers to a
+philosophical movement. So there is the free software… the free
+software is a category of licenses. And there is the free software
+movement and it's philosophy. Likewise open source is a category of
+licenses and a philosophy. For we can compare the free software
+movement and the open source movement… sorry, we can compare
+free software as a category of software with open source as a category
+of software. And we can compare the free software movement philosophy
+with the open source philosophy. And what you find is as categories of
+software they are very close together. Open source is a category of
+licenses just as free software is a category of licenses. And these
+two categories are defined with very different language. But so far
+practically speaking they are pretty similar. There are some licenses
+that qualify as open source but do not qualify as free software. How
+ever they are not used very much. So, if you know that of certain
+program is open source and that's all you know, you can't be sure it's
+free software but it probably is free software.
+</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, there are also the two movements and their philosophies.
+And these are very far apart. In the free software movement we have a
+philosophy based on freedom and ethics. We say that you must insist on
+free software so that you can live an up-right life and have freedom
+to help other people. The open source movement was formed specifically
+to avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open
+source movement doesn't say you should insist on open source
+software. They say that it may be convenient or advantageous. They
+sight practical values only. They say that they have a superior
+design… sorry a superior development model — superior in
+its shallow technical sense, that it usually produces technically
+better software.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>But that's the most they will say. They won't
say
+that this is an ethical imperative, they won't say that software
+should be open source, they won't say that closed source software is
+an attempt to colonize you and you should escape. They won't say
+anything like that and in-fact the reason for their movement is
+specifically not to say that; to cover that up. And so when it comes
+to the philosophical foundation what they say and what we say are as
+different as night and day. And that's why I am always very unhappy
+when anybody associates me or my work with open source.
+</p>
+
+<p>The people who developed, who are motivated by the open source
+movement, they are usually contributing to our community because
+usually their software is free. And that can be a good
+contribution. But I disagree with their philosophy completely. I think
+it is shallow. And I am very unhappy when people label me by their
+slogan and give people the impression I agree with that philosophy.
+</p>
+
+<p>So next question please.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question comes from Advait Thumbde. His
+question is freedom to copy may not generate enough money; which is
+essential to fund resources for technological development. Where as
+many rival firms…
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS interrupts]</b> No. That's false. That's false. Money is
+not essential for technological development, not in the software
+field. May be in an other field it is because other fields are much
+more difficult. It cause a lot of money to setup a factory to build
+hardware. Well, that requires an investment. But we have proved, in
+the free software movement we have proved that we can develop a wide
+range of software with out any investment. We proved this by doing
+it. There are about a million people contributing to the free software
+and most of them are volunteers. Large programs has been developed by
+volunteers, which proves that its not necessary to raise a lot of
+money. It's not necessary to have any money.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>Now I suppose that these
+volunteers are not starving, they are not living on the streets. They
+must have jobs. I don't know what their jobs are, but remember that if
+you look at all computer related employment, only a small fraction of
+that is programming. And most of that is custom software design, only
+a small fraction of that is developing software for publication. To be
+made available to the public. So there are lots of jobs these people
+might have to support themselves. So that they can spend some of their
+free time developing our free software. And this is not a problem as
+long as we develop lots of free software. And we do. The fact is we
+know this is not a problem.
+</p>
+
+<p>So, the people who say that free software won't work because we can't
+raise enough money, that's like people saying air planes won't work
+because of we don't have anti-gravity. Well, air planes do work which
+proves we don't need anti-gravity. I should also point out there are
+also people who are getting payed to develop free software. The money
+comes from in-various ways. Sometimes these people are extending
+existing free programs to meet the demands of clients. Sometimes, they
+are getting funding from universities or governments.
+</p>
+
+<p>Governments fund the large fraction of all the software developments
+in the world and except in the rare cases where the software has to be
+kept secret. It could just as well be free software. So we should be
+spreading the word in academia. When you have a project to develop
+some software, it must be free software. It's an ethical requirement
+to make it free software.
+</p>
+
+<p>Finally, I should say that you might want to get money to do
+something; you might want to make money out of an activity. And this
+is not wrong, not in itself. But if the activity itself is wrong then
+you can't justify it by saying I'm going to get money. You know, the
+[FIXME 81:00] get money; but that's no excuse for robing
+people. Non-free software is ethically poison. It's a scheme to keep
+people divided and helpless. It's a form of colonization. And that's
+wrong. So when a person says to me “I'm going to make my program
+proprietary so that I can get money, so that I can work full time
+developing the program” I say to him “That's like saying
+you're going to rob people so that you can get money, so that you can
+spend full time robing people.” It's all wrong. And you
+shouldn't do it.
+</p>
+
+<p>I believe that people who contribute to society made it…
+Well… People contribute to society it's a good idea if we
+reward them for it. And when people are doing things that harm
+society, it's a good idea if we find ways to punish them for it. That
+will encourage people to do things that contribute to society and not
+to do things that hurt society. And therefore people who develop free
+software should be rewarded and people who develop nonfree software
+should be punished. Because, free software is a contribution to
+society but nonfree software is a scheme to colonize society and that
+deserves punishment not reward.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>Another way to look at it is to
+realize that to use a nonfree program is either to be foolish or
+unethical or both. Which means that, for me, these nonfree program
+…is… might as well be nothing because I am not going to
+use it. Ethical people, people who insists on living an up-right life
+are going to reject it any way. So his program is only avail…
+only going to be of used to suckers. Who don't have well trained
+consciousness. And what good is that? So the person says to me
+“I can only develop this program if I make it proprietary;
+that's the only way I can bring in enough money so that I can spend
+the time developing this program.” I'm not going to tell him
+that can't be true because I don't know his circumstances.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>If he says
+that there is no way he can develop this program unless he has paid
+full time and if he says that he doesn't know any way to get payed
+full time except to make the program proprietary; I'm not going to
+tell him this is false because he knows his situation. What I will
+tell him is, “Please don't develop the program.”
+Developing the program in that way would be evil or would be
+harmful. So it's better if you don't do it at all. Do something
+else. Because a few years from now sooner or later some one else will
+be in a different situation. Some one will be able to write this
+program with out subjugating the users. And we could afford to wait a
+few years so that we keep our freedom. Freedom is worth a small
+sacrifice. We can wait a few years.
+</p>
+
+<p>So next question.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> His next question is “All intellectual work like
+books are proprietary”. Is it not justified in case of software?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, he is mistaken. There are plenty of free books
+as well. In fact more and more the movement is catching on to makes
+books free, free as in freedom I mean. Now, we started doing this in
+the 1980's. The manuals for GNU software that are developed by the GNU
+project are all free in the sense that you are free to copy them. They
+are not gratis at-least not always. We print copies and we sell them
+and we sell them for more than the production cost because we're
+trying to raise money. So, you know, of course this was to produce
+re-charge this much because we're trying to raise substantial money
+with these books. But you are free to copy and change them. And you
+could even get the source code through the Internet, the source code
+for the books.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>And now we are not the only ones. There is now
a
+movement for free text books. In-fact there are projects in India and
+elsewhere to develop free educational materials to make available to
+schools. A complete curriculum of free educational materials. Because
+educational materials should be free. And so I suggest that you look
+at the site <a href="http://gnowledge.org">gnowledge.org</a>. That's
+like knowledge but spells with a ‘g’ instead of a
+‘k’. And you will see one of these initiatives being
+carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai.
+</p>
+
+<p>Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia —
+Wikipedia. It's the largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now
+has more than a hundred and sixty thousand entries. Which is far more
+than any other encyclopedia has ever had. Like around twice. And this
+has been done in just a few years; by the public.
+</p>
+
+<p>So, if we were to believe these threats, ???? people say the only way
+to develop these things, the only way to write and update an
+encyclopedia is proprietary, they are making a threat. They're saying
+if you don't agree to give up your freedom, you won't get the
+encyclopedia, you won't get the software. They're asking us to feel
+helpless and feel desperate. And that's really foolish.
+</p>
+
+<p>[RMS yawns]
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Ganapathy. He says “I
+believe the greatest challenge to free software lies in getting
+quality software which means quality software developers. But enough
+drive has to be there for them to spend time and brain. So what do you
+suggest for getting enthusiastic developers.”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS interrupts]</b> That's not true.
+</p>
+
+<p>Well, you know I keep getting questions from people who believe things
+that are demonstrably false. People who are making guesses about our
+community and they're guessing wrong.
+</p>
+
+<p>The fact is free software has a reputation for high quality. The
+GNU plus Linux operating system initially began catching on back in
+the 90's because of its high quality. People discovered that it would
+stay up for months. That they would find… the only time the
+system went down is when the power failed. And this contrasts with
+nonfree software that's often quite unreliable. So you see this
+often, you will see people foolishly making the assumptions that free
+software can't work. They don't know any thing but they're making it
+all up. Now, why is this? I guess because nonfree software is so
+common, they make the assumption it must work well.
+</p>
+
+<p>Do you think that people use Windows because it is good? What a
+ridiculous idea. People use Windows because other people use Windows
+and that's the only reason. Well, no that's not the only
+reason… they use Windows because it comes on their
+computers. These are the two reasons. The only reason that… let
+any one… one thing in the usual thing why does some alternative
+survive; only because it's better. Free software has to be twice as
+good. In order to get practically minded people to choose it. Of
+course you can hear my scorn in the term practically minded. These are
+people who don't value their freedom.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>They're fools. A fool and this
+freedom are soon parted. But there are plenty of fools; especially in
+a lot of organizations are people who believe that they are not
+supposed to pay attention to ethics or freedom. They are only supposed
+to pay attention to short-term practicalities. Which is a recipe for
+making bad decisions. For hurting society. But that's the way they
+are. So why is it that even those people some times choose free
+software? Because it has practical advantages. For instances it's
+powerful and it's reliable.
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Subramani. Distributing the
+software as a free copy is user friendly but is it business
+friendly. Don't you think it will disturb the economic balance in the
+software.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> This is utterly foolish. First of all, remember that I
+explain that free software is a matter of freedom not price. Free
+software does not mean that it is gratis. But sometimes it's
+gratis. On the other hand some time you can get nonfree software
+gratis. That doesn't make it ethically legitimate, because it's still
+tramples your freedom. It still keeps you divided and helpless, even
+if you didn't have to pay. Schools in India can get Windows
+gratis. But it's still harmful. So the issue is not about price. The
+issue is about whether the software respects your freedom. And
+this… this… idea there is some kind of balance. I don't
+know what in the world he is talking about? But remember if a business
+is making money by subjugating people, that's bad, that's some thing
+we should bring to an end.
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>There are many businesses that operate by
+mistreating people. And those businesses are bad. They don't have a
+right to continue. They deserved to be brought to an end. I won't say
+that nonfree software is the biggest such problem. Because, you know
+child labor is very common but I don't think that's mostly free
+software development. I think it's mostly other things. There are many
+ways that a business can be… can operate that is harmful to
+society. And we have to put in an end to that.
+</p>
+
+<p>Or in looking at Coca Cola, poisoning people, while draining away the
+water supply from the people. And not only that; they murder union
+organizers in Colombia. So, there is a world wide boycott of Coca Cola
+company. Coca Cola company is, by the way, being sued in the U.S. for
+arranging with paramilitary [FIXME: subs..94:07] to murder union
+organizers in Colombia. So join the boycott. Don't buy Coke.
+</p>
+
+<p>So I hope… I said this basically to illustrate that there
+are many ways a business can conduct itself unethically. And
+businesses that conduct itself unethically don't have a right to
+continue. They're not legitimate and they shouldn't be treated as
+legitimate. Non-free software development is an example because what
+ever the program itself does, the license subjugate the users. And
+that's wrong.
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Windows is supporting regional languages and it's
+helping the people of India but GNU doesn't have this feature. What is
+your suggestion in this regard?
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> He is mistaken. You know, I have never given a speech
+where so many questions that make false statements, criticizing the
+free software movement in a ways that are not true. Why is it…
+you know I can understand not knowing. Every one of us is born
+completely ignorant. And every one of us, in any particular subject
+starts out knowing nothing. But why are peoples here are so ready to
+make assumptions when they don't know. Why do not admit you don't
+know? Why these people believes things which are false. Which clearly
+they don't have good evidence for.
+</p>
+
+<p>Actually, Windows… doesn't it support all the Indian
+languages? And are the other hand free software does. And it is not
+just Windows by the way, there are many other nonfree software
+packages and nonfree means you can't change it. With free software
+you can change it. So if you want a program to support your favorite
+language and it's nonfree, you have to beg and plead with that
+developer to cater to you. But if the program is free software, you
+don't have to beg anybody. You can just do it. And this is what
+happening. People in India are adapting GNU/Linux to various different
+Indian languages. And if they haven't yet done your favorite language,
+you can start the project. You are not helpless. Launch the project to
+support your favorite language. You know, even tribal people can
+localize the system to their language. You don't have to have the one
+of the major recognized languages. In order to get support in free
+software, you just have to be willing to do the work.
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question please.
+</p>
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Sir, we would like to know how long can we continue this
+question and answer session?
+</p>
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, certainly I'll do another fifteen minutes.
+</p>
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> Yes sir.
+</p>
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Oh, Please don't call me sir. I believe in
+equality. And it's really a sort of bad for me if you call me sir. It
+might make me get in over inflated estimate of how important I am. And
+that will be bad for me, as well as bad for you.
+</p>
+<p>The important thing here is freedom. I am just its representative.
+</p>
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Vijay Anand. The question
+is, “There are lots of incompatible GNU/Linux distributions. Is
+this a drawback to the free software movement?”
+</p>
+<p>Well, we shouldn't over estimate the extent to which they're
+incompatible. At the source level they are almost all… they are
+mostly compatible, unless you are doing very obscure things. You don't
+need to worry about the variations when you are writing source
+code. They will have different binary and different packaging but
+that's not a very big difficulty. So, I say, no It's not a major
+drawback. Of course you know, having different versions of the system
+can be good if users… different users want them. Now let's
+contrast this with the kind of incompatibility that we have, that we
+find in the nonfree world. You'll find that Microsoft makes gross
+incompatibilities in each version of its systems. They makes…
+they deliberately make formats incompatible with everything else and
+protocols incompatible with everything else. They try many different
+ways to prevent other people from inter operating with them. And each
+version of a Microsoft package is likely to be incompatible with the
+previous version.
+</p>
+
+<p>They impose incompatibility because they have power and they think
+they can get away with it. Whereas in free software world we
+developers don't have power. If I make a decision that you don't like,
+you are not stuck with it. Because you have the source code, you can
+change it, you can change any of my decisions. Whether I make this
+decision… you know, if hypothetically I choose to impose
+incompatibility on you, you could change it, you could take my program
+and modify it to compatible with whatever. Where is… you know,
+…even if I made a decision that you just don't like for some
+other reason, you can still change it. You can change any of my
+decisions regardless of why I made the decision, regardless of why you
+don't like it; you can change it. So I don't have any power over you
+when I develop free software. You, the users are in control of your
+software. So it will you generally do what you want more or less. But
+the developers of nonfree software, they do have power over you. And
+so you are stuck with their decisions.
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question please.
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Rakesh. “Since the
+source code of free software is available, it is possible for a
+cracker to introduce malicious code into the program and distribute
+binaries, so that it looks like the original. Is this a drawback to
+the free software movement?”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, we have ways of protecting against this. For
+instance you can get your copies from a reputable distributor and we
+use digital signatures to sign our co… and we use … you
+know, cryptographic [FIXME: catches 1:42:48] the checksums. So that
+you can see the checksum that the developer publish and thus get an
+assurance that the version you have is the correct version.
+</p>
+<p>[silence]</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Krishnan. The question is,
+“When do you expect the GNU HURD to be available to the public
+for normal use?”
+</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> I have learned I should not try to predict that. A few
+months ago, the HURD developers concluded that they really should
+switch to a different micro kernel. And it's going to take a
+substantial amount of work to do that. So I'm… I'm disappointed
+by this delay. But it looks like that will mean some delay.
+</p>
+
+<p>Next question please.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Manu Meta…
+Metallurgy. The question is, “Is developing free software on
+nonfree operating systems wrong?”</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, it's not exactly wrong. But it's foolish to use
+the nonfree operating system because you can't live in freedom as
+long as you do that. And your software, although it be free, is not a
+contribution to the free world when it doesn't… if it doesn't
+run on a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>And in particular you should be careful about Sun's Java
+platform. Never use Sun's Java platform to develop software. And at
+least not develop free software because Sun's Java program is not
+free. There are free Java platforms, but they don't have all the
+capabilities of the Sun's Java platform. So the danger is if you are
+using the Sun's Java platform you might use some features we don't
+have yet. And you wouldn't even know it. You won't notice because you
+won't notice a problem because it will work. It will work on Sun's
+platform. So then several months later you'll try the program on our
+platform and find that you did months work based on a feature we don't
+have and you will say “Oh! it would be so much work to redo
+that; that I can't do it.”
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>So then your program won't run on a
+free platform at all. At least not until years go by and we have
+implemented a replacement for that feature. So you should use our free
+Java platform to develop that. Use the GNU Java platform… the
+GNU Java compiler and use the GNU Classpath as the libraries. Don't
+use Sun's Java Libraries, they are not free. So this way if you ever
+start to use a standard Java feature that we don't have, you'll find
+out immediately. And you'll be able to choose some other way of
+solving the problem with out wasting a lot of time.</p>
+
+<p>Next question please.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> What do you think is the greatest obstacle for free
+software in India? How do we break them up?</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS</b> I'd say the biggest obstacle for free software in India
+right now is the tendency of government agencies and schools to use
+nonfree software. It's vital to convince the schools to teach the
+children in India to grow up living in freedom. When Windows…
+Microsoft offers the schools gratis copies of Windows, the schools
+have to say “We are not going to accept them; we are not going
+to participate in teaching our kids to be addicts.”</p>
+
+<p>Next question please.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The next question is from Pankaj. The question is
+“Does the availability of source code make them more vulnerable
+to attacks?”</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, [FIXME 108:00] speaking the answer is just
+opposite. Our software is much more secure. People have various
+speculations about why that is the case. I don't know why, but that's
+what people observe. </p>
+
+<p>Next question.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> This is the last question of this conference.</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Okay.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The question is, “There was a recent controversy
+over the GFDL. What was the controversy?”</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Sorry, controversy over what?</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> The GFDL; License.</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS]</b> Oh, There are some people who don't like some of the
+provisions of the GFDL. The GFDL arose non-technical sections,
+sections that give your opinions about the… the field and so
+on, which are in-variant. They can't be changed or removed. The GFDL
+says that the actual subject matter of the work, it's designed for
+manuals. And the GFDL says that the actual documentation has to be
+free, but you could also have opinion sections which don't have any
+documentation but they give your opinion about the ethics of the field
+and so on. And those have to be preserved and can't be changed. There
+are people who think that this is wrong. I think that they are being
+too rigid in their understanding of the freedoms. People need the
+freedom to change the technical substance of the work. And the GFDL
+provides that freedom. But having the authors opinion in there
+somewhere doesn't interfere with your user of the work to do with
+technical job and doesn't interfere with your changing in the work to
+do a different technical job.</p>
+
+<p>So if that was the last question then I guess we're done.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> We thank you sir, for this inspiring and interesting
+session.</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS interrupts]</b> Please don't call me sir.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> We thank you Richard, for this inspiring and
+interesting session. You have provided us with immense knowledge over
+free software. And cleared many doubts pertaining to the movement. We
+now fully understand the importance of using free software. We assure
+this would have earned you many followers among the students community
+of our college. We find ourself…</p>
+
+<p><b>[RMS interrupts]</b> Happy Hacking and Good Night.</p>
+
+<p><b>[MOC]</b> A very Good Night to you sir.</p>
+
+<p>[applause]</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Contributors (in alphabetical order): Krishnan, Saravana
+Manickam, Vijay Kumar, Vimal Joseph.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
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+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
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+
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+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
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+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2004 Richard M. Stallman, Vijay Kumar</p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/01/28 11:26:59 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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