[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy po/who-does-that-server-really-s...
From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy po/who-does-that-server-really-s... |
Date: |
Fri, 20 Dec 2013 21:29:23 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/12/20 21:29:23
Modified files:
philosophy/po : who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist
who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po
Added files:
philosophy : who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html
philosophy/po : who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist 11 Jun 2013 05:58:10
-0000 1.11
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist 20 Dec 2013 21:29:23
-0000 1.12
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ro" hreflang="ro"
href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po 20 Dec 2013 20:57:33 -0000
1.3
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.po 20 Dec 2013 21:29:23 -0000
1.4
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODINGLanguage: uk\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-12-17 12:54+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
@@ -417,11 +416,11 @@
"services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html\"> avoid describing a service as “"
"free” or “proprietary.”</a>"
msgstr ""
-"СлÑжби пÑинÑипово вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд
пÑогÑам, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми, "
-"поÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑлÑжбами, пÑинÑипово
вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд пÑоблем, Ñо ÑпÑиÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ "
-"пÑогÑамами. Щоб ÑникнÑÑи плÑÑанини, ми <a
href=\"/philosophy/network-"
-"services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html\"> ÑникаÑмо опиÑÑваÑи
ÑлÑжби Ñк “"
-"вÑлÑнє або “невÑлÑнє</a>."
+"СлÑжби пÑинÑипово вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд
пÑогÑам, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми, поÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ "
+"ÑлÑжбами, пÑинÑипово вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд
пÑоблем, Ñо ÑпÑиÑÐ¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамами. "
+"Щоб ÑникнÑÑи плÑÑанини, ми <a
href=\"/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-"
+"or-nonfree.html\"> ÑникаÑмо опиÑÑваÑи ÑлÑжби Ñк
“вÑлÑнє або "
+"“невÑлÑнє</a>."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Distinguishing SaaSS from Other Network Services"
@@ -879,4 +878,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html
diff -N who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk.html 20 Dec 2013 21:29:22 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Ðого наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑговÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑ? -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>Ðого наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑговÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑ? </h2>
+
+<p><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>(ÐеÑÑа веÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла опÑблÑкована в <a
+href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
+âÐоÑÑон Ñев'Ñâ</a></p></blockquote>
+
+<p><strong>Ð ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ можеÑе вÑÑаÑиÑи
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑлÑки з допомогоÑ
+невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. “ÐоÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам” Ñе один
+ÑпоÑÑб пеÑедаÑи ÑнÑим Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ваÑими
обÑиÑленнÑми.</strong></p>
+
+ÐоÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами ознаÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑгÑ,
ÑеалÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ ÑнÑим Ñк замÑнÑ
+Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑвоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Це
Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑмÑн; Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð² ÑекламÑ
+вÑн не вживаÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñ Ñам не говоÑиÑÑÑÑ, Ñо
Ñе поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами. ÐамÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого вони заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ
ÑозпливÑаÑÑе Ñ Ð²ÑдволÑкаÑÑе Ñлово
+“Ñ
маÑа”, Ñка звалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам в Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐºÑÐ¿Ñ Ð· ÑнÑими
+меÑодами, деÑÐºÑ Ð· ÑкиÑ
негожÑ, а деÑÐºÑ - нÑ.
ÐоÑÑимÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ
+пÑикладÑв, даниÑ
на ÑÑй ÑÑоÑÑнÑÑ, ви
зможеÑе визнаÑиÑи, Ñи Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑга ÑпÑавдÑ
+поÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами.
+
+<h3>ÐглÑд: Ñк невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами забиÑаÑÑÑ Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑвободÑ</h3>
+
+<p>ЦиÑÑова ÑеÑ
нÑка може даÑи вам волÑ; вона
Ñакож може ваÑÑ ÑвободÑ
+вÑднÑÑи. СпеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑвоÑми
обÑиÑленнÑми погÑожÑвали
+<em>невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами</em>: пÑогÑами, ÑкÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ðµ можÑÑÑ
+конÑÑолÑваÑи, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо ÑÑ
конÑÑолÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ñник
(Ñака компанÑÑ, Ñк Apple або
+Microsoft). ÐлаÑник ÑаÑÑо коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑ
неÑпÑÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ñ,
+вÑÑавлÑÑÑи ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑкÑÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑобливоÑÑÑ, Ñк
ÑоÑÐ½Ñ Ñ
оди, ÑÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">ÑпÑавлÑÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑовими
обмеженнÑми</a>(Ñо
+ÑÑ
пÑопаганда Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñ “кеÑÑваннÑм
ÑиÑÑовими пÑавами”).</p>
+
+<p>ÐаÑе ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми
ÑозÑобка <em>вÑлÑниÑ
</em> Ñ Ð²Ñдмова
+вÑд невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. Свобода пÑогÑами
ознаÑаÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñк Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑа Ñ
+ÑоÑиÑи важливиÑ
Ñвободи: (0) виконÑваÑи
пÑогÑамÑ, Ñк вам завгодно;
+(1) вивÑаÑи Ñ Ð·Ð¼ÑнÑваÑи виÑ
Ñдний код
пÑогÑами, Ñоб вона Ñобила, Ñо вам
+завгодно; (2) поÑиÑÑваÑи ÑоÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ; Ñ
(3) поÑиÑÑваÑи змÑненÑ
+веÑÑÑÑ (див. <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">визнаÑеннÑ
вÑлÑноÑ
+пÑогÑами</a>).</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами дозволÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼,
коÑиÑÑÑваÑам, Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+ÑвоÑми обÑиÑленнÑми. ÐевÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñк
Ñ ÑанÑÑе ÑÑнÑÑÑÑ, але ми можемо
+виклÑÑиÑи ÑÑ
Ð·Ñ Ñвого жиÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо Ñ
Ñо з
Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ñобили Ñе. Ðднак заÑаз ми
+вÑÑаÑмо пеÑед Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑомÑ
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑвоÑми обÑиÑленнÑми:
+поÑлÑгами замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам. ÐаÑади ÑвоÑÑ
Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑдмовиÑиÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ñд
+ниÑ
.</p>
+
+<h3>Як поÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам забиÑаÑÑÑ
ваÑÑ ÑвободÑ</h3>
+
+<p>“ÐоÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами” ознаÑаÑ
коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ñк
+замÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ ÑвоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ
пÑогÑами. ÐонкÑеÑно Ñе знаÑиÑÑ, Ñо Ñ
ÑоÑÑ
+вÑÑановлÑÑ Ð² меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ ÑеÑвеÑ, Ñкий виÑÑÑÑÑ
Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑлÑвалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ,
+напÑиклад, змÑнÑÑ ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ, пеÑекладаÑ
ÑекÑÑ Ð· однÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ на ÑнÑий Ñ
+Ñ. д. а поÑÑм запÑоÑÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв виконÑваÑи обÑиÑленнÑ
+за Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ ÑÑого ÑеÑвеÑа. ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑ
поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑ, Ñкий
+пÑоводиÑÑ <em>влаÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑого
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа</em> за наданими Ñаким
+Ñином даними, а поÑÑм надÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ñ ÑомÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÐµÐ²Ñ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑи або
+безпоÑеÑеднÑо виконÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ Ð²Ñд ÑменÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа.</p>
+
+<p>ÐбÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ <em>влаÑними</em> обÑиÑленнÑми
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа за Ñмови, Ñо
+коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ñг би в пÑинÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑÑи ÑÑ
,
виконÑÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑвоÑмÑ
+влаÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑÑ (незалежно вÑд Ñого,
доÑÑÑпна Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑа заÑаз ÑÑ
+пÑогÑама Ñи нÑ). Ðоли Ñе пÑипÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
виконÑÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñе не поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами.</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑеÑвеÑи виÑиваÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð· ÑÑк
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв Ñе бÑлÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾, нÑж
+невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. У Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑноÑ
пÑогÑами Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑа зазвиÑай Ñ
+виконÑваний Ñайл, але Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного
кодÑ. Це ÑилÑно ÑÑкладнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð²ÑеннÑ
+пÑогÑами, Ñка виконÑÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶ÐºÐ¾
визнаÑиÑи, Ñим наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÑÑа
+пÑогÑама, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶ÐºÐ¾ змÑниÑи ÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>У ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñваного
+ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñка пÑоводиÑÑ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
обÑиÑленнÑ: вÑн знаÑ
одиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑжомÑ
+ÑеÑвеÑÑ, де його коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ðµ баÑаÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ
вÑдÑÑваÑÑÑ. Таким Ñином, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+неможливо пеÑевÑÑиÑи, Ñим наÑпÑавдÑ
зайнÑÑа пÑогÑама, Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ змÑниÑи
+ÑÑ. </p>
+
+<p>ÐÑлÑÑ Ñого, поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами
авÑомаÑиÑно пÑизводиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ наÑлÑдкÑв,
+ÑÐºÑ ÐµÐºÐ²ÑваленÑÐ½Ñ ÑкÑдливим оÑобливоÑÑÑм
певниÑ
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам.</p>
+
+<p> ÐапÑиклад, деÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами
“ÑпигÑÑÑÑ”: <a
+href="/philosophy/proprietary-surveillance.html">пÑогÑама
надÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо
+обÑиÑлÑвалÑÐ½Ñ Ð´ÑÑлÑнÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑа</a>.
Microsoft Windows поÑилаÑ
+вÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо дÑÑлÑнÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
Microsoft. Windows Media Player
+доповÑдаÑ, Ñо дивиÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑлÑÑ
Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½
коÑиÑÑÑваÑ. Amazon Kindle доповÑдаÑ,
+ÑÐºÑ ÑÑоÑÑнки Ñ ÑкиÑ
книг заглÑдаÑ
коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ вÑн Ñе ÑобиÑÑ. Angry
+Birds доповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñо ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑемÑÑеннÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа по земнÑй кÑлÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа вÑдмÑÐ½Ñ Ð²Ñд невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам,
поÑлÑгам замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам не вимагаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑайниÑ
пÑдпÑогÑам, Ñоб одеÑжÑваÑи данÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа. ÐамÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑилаÑи Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÑеÑвеÑ, Ñоб коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼. Це
+пÑиводиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑиÑ
же ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑв, Ñо
пÑогÑами-ÑпигÑни: опеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа
+оÑÑимÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ — без додаÑковиÑ
зÑÑилÑ,
в ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑоди
+поÑлÑги. ÐÐ¼Ñ Ð£ÐµÐ±Ð±, не збиÑалаÑÑ Ð½Ñколи
ÑозмÑÑÑваÑи в меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ ÑвоÑÑ
+доÑки, зÑобила помилкÑ, коÑиÑÑÑÑÑиÑÑ
поÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами (Instagram),
+Ñоб ÑедагÑваÑи ÑÑ ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ. ÐÑеÑÑоÑ
звÑдÑи <a
+href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/data_mine_1/2013/09/privacy_facebook_kids_don_t_post_photos_of_your_kids_on_social_media.html">ÑÑавÑÑ
+виÑÑк ÑоÑогÑаÑÑй</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>У деÑкиÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
опеÑаÑÑйниÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
Ñ
ÑнÑвеÑÑалÑний ÑоÑний Ñ
Ñд, Ñкий
+дозволÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ñддалено вÑÑановлÑваÑи
змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. ÐапÑиклад,в
+Windows Ñ ÑнÑвеÑÑалÑний ÑоÑний Ñ
Ñд, ÑеÑез Ñкий
Microsoft може пÑимÑÑово
+змÑнÑваÑи бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами на маÑинÑ.
Ðони Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð¹Ð¶Ðµ Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
мобÑлÑниÑ
+ÑелеÑонаÑ
. У деÑкиÑ
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамаÑ
Ñакож Ñ ÑнÑвеÑÑалÑний ÑоÑний Ñ
Ñд;
+напÑиклад, клÑÑÐ½Ñ Steam Ð´Ð»Ñ Linux дозволÑÑ
ÑозÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð²Ñддалено
+вÑÑановлÑваÑи змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ. </p>
+
+<p>У ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам опеÑаÑоÑ
ÑеÑвеÑа може змÑнÑваÑи
+викоÑиÑÑовÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами на ÑеÑвеÑÑ. ÐÑн
повинен бÑÑи в Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ñ ÑобиÑи Ñе,
+оÑкÑлÑки Ñе його комп'ÑÑеÑ; але ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ
виÑвлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñаким же, Ñк пÑи
+коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑикладноÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð· ÑнÑвеÑÑалÑним ÑоÑним Ñ
одом:
+деÑ
Ñо Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñки нав'ÑзÑваÑи змÑни Ñ
Ñе, Ñк пÑоводÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑленнÑ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑа.</p>
+
+<p>Таким Ñином, поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами
ознаÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами
+Ð·Ñ ÑÑеженнÑм Ñ ÑнÑвеÑÑалÑним ÑоÑним Ñ
одом.
Ðона Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑа
+неÑпÑÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ коÑиÑÑÑваÑем, Ñ
вÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ ми повиннÑ
+ÑиниÑи опÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐоÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ
пÑогÑами-поÑлÑги</h3>
+
+<p>СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ поÑилалиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑ
пÑоблемаÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ñк на
+“пÑогÑами-поÑлÑги” (SaaS). Це
загалÑновживаний виÑаз,Ñо ознаÑаÑ
+ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами на ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
Ñого, Ñоб пÑопонÑваÑи ÑÑкопÑÑ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑам, Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ дÑмали, Ñо вона опиÑÑÑ
Ñаме ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÐ¸, вÑкиÑ
виникаÑ
+пÑоблема.</p>
+
+<p>Ðгодом ми дÑзналиÑÑ, Ñо виÑаз
“пÑогÑама-поÑлÑга” ÑнодÑ
+вживаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг зв'ÑзкÑ
дÑÑлÑноÑÑÑ, в ÑкÑй ÑÑ
+пÑоблема не виникаÑ. ÐÑÑм Ñого, виÑаз
“пÑогÑама-поÑлÑга” не
+поÑÑнÑÑ, <em>Ñим</em> погана ÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑика. ÐÑож,
ми пÑидÑмали виÑаз
+“поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами”, Ñкий
ÑоÑнÑÑе визнаÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑоÑнÑ
+пÑакÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑнÑÑ, Ñим вона погана.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐодÑл пÑоблем поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам</h3>
+
+<p>ÐоÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
пÑогÑами пÑизводÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ подÑбниÑ
ÑкÑдливиÑ
+наÑлÑдкÑв, але меÑ
анÑзми ÑÑого ÑÑзнÑ. У
ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+вÑÑановлена Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ,
змÑнÑваÑи ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¶ÐºÐ¾ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾. ÐÑазÑ
+поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ
пÑогÑами, Ñка пÑоводиÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
+обÑиÑленнÑ. </p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ Ð´Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми ÑаÑÑо змÑÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñ Ñе не
випадково. РозÑобники пÑогÑам длÑ
+ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑманним ÑеÑмÑном
“ÑнÑеÑнеÑ-пÑогÑама”,
+Ñоб звалиÑи в Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐºÑÐ¿Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами ÑеÑвеÑа Ñ
пÑогÑами,ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑÑй
+маÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð² бÑаÑзеÑÑ. ÐеÑкÑ
ÑайÑивÑÑановлÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в бÑаÑзеÑ
неÑÑивÑалÑÐ½Ñ Ñ
+навÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами на мовÑJavaScript, не
кажÑÑи вам пÑо Ñе. <a
+href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Ðоли ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами
невÑлÑнÑ</a>, Ñе
+пÑоблема Ñого ж ÒаÑÑнкÑ, Ñк Ñ Ð±ÑдÑ-ÑкÑÑнÑÑ
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Ðднак ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸
+ÑозглÑдаÑмо пÑоблемÑпÑогÑам на ÑеÑвеÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐагаÑо пÑиÑ
илÑникÑв вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам
вважаÑÑÑ, Ñо ÑозÑобка вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑеÑвеÑÑв виÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг
замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑа ÑеÑвеÑа
+кÑаÑе, коли пÑогÑами на ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ;
ÑкÑо вони невÑлÑнÑ, Ñ ÑÑ
влаÑникÑв Ñ
+влада над ÑеÑвеÑом. Це неÑпÑаведливо по
вÑдноÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ опеÑаÑоÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÑÑим не
+Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑам. Ðле ÑкÑо пÑогÑами
на ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ, Ñе не заÑ
иÑаÑ
+<em>коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв ÑеÑвеÑа</em> вÑд дÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг
замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам. Ðони даÑÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑа, але не його
коÑиÑÑÑваÑам. </p>
+
+<p>ÐÑблÑкаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑдниÑ
кодÑв пÑогÑам
ÑеÑвеÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑва коÑиÑна: вона
+дозволÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÑенÑним
коÑиÑÑÑваÑам оÑганÑзÑваÑи подÑÐ±Ð½Ñ ÑеÑвеÑи,
+можливо, Ñз змÑненими пÑогÑамами. <a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> Ðи ÑекомендÑÑмо
+заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи GNU Affero GPL</a> Ñк лÑÑензÑÑ
пÑогÑам, Ñо ÑаÑÑо
+викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑаÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>Ðле Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ з ÑиÑ
ÑеÑвеÑÑв не даÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ обÑиÑленнÑми, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ на
+нÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑе, ÑкÑо Ñе не <em>ваÑ</em>
ÑеÑвеÑ. Ðожливо допÑÑÑимо довÑÑÑÑи
+деÑÐºÑ ÑобоÑи ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ñвого пÑиÑÑелÑ, ÑоÑно
Ñак Ñамо, Ñк вимогли б дозволиÑи
+ÑвоÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ²Ñ Ð°Ð´Ð¼ÑнÑÑÑÑÑваÑи
пÑогÑами на ваÑомÑкомп'ÑÑеÑÑ. ÐÑе ÑнÑе Ñ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами.
ÐоÑлÑгазамÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами завжди
+пÑдпоÑÑдковÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑоÑа
ÑеÑвеÑа, ÑÑдиний заÑÑб вÑд
+ÑÑого <em>не коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ
поÑлÑгамизамÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам!</em> Ðе
+коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ Ð¶Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÑжим ÑеÑвеÑом
длÑÑвоÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñобки даниÑ
, наданиÑ
+вами.</p>
+
+<p>СлÑжби пÑинÑипово вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд
пÑогÑам, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐµÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми, поÑÑÑенÑ
+ÑлÑжбами, пÑинÑипово вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд
пÑоблем, Ñо ÑпÑиÑиненÑ
+пÑогÑамами. Щоб ÑникнÑÑи плÑÑанини, ми <a
+href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
ÑникаÑмо
+опиÑÑваÑи ÑлÑжби Ñк “вÑлÑнє або
“невÑлÑнє</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐÑдмÑннÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ñж поÑлÑгами замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам Ñ ÑнÑими меÑежевими поÑлÑгами</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÑдмова вÑд пÑогÑам замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг не
ознаÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑÐ´Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñд коÑиÑÑÑваннÑ
+бÑдÑ-Ñкими меÑежевими ÑеÑвеÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ
конÑÑолÑÑÑе ви. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ
+ÑеÑвеÑÑв пÑоблема пÑогÑам замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг
не ÑÑоÑÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо завданнÑ, ÑкÑ
+вони виÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ, не Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ñними обÑиÑленнÑми
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа. </p>
+
+<p>ÐнÑий ÑÑкÑавий пÑиклад
заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑлÑжби, Ñк Flickr або
+Instagram, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ñни ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ. ÐмÑна
ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ — дÑÑлÑнÑÑÑÑ,
+ÑÐºÑ Ð»Ñди пÑоводили на ÑвоÑÑ
комп'ÑÑеÑаÑ
деÑÑÑилÑÑÑÑми; пÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ
+обÑобки на ÑеÑвеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñого
комп'ÑÑеÑа Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑдмова вÑд пÑогÑам замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг не
ознаÑÐ°Ñ Ð²ÑÐ´Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð²Ñд коÑиÑÑÑваннÑ
+бÑдÑ-Ñкими меÑежевими ÑеÑвеÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ
конÑÑолÑÑÑе ви. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ
+ÑеÑвеÑÑв пÑоблема пÑогÑам замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг
не ÑÑоÑÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо завданнÑ, ÑкÑ
+вони виÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ, не Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ñними обÑиÑленнÑми
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа. </p>
+
+<p>СпоÑаÑÐºÑ ÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑеÑвеÑÑв ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ
полÑгала не в ÑомÑ, Ñоб здÑйÑнÑваÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
+обÑиÑленнÑ, а в ÑомÑ, Ñоб надаваÑи доÑÑÑп
до ÑнÑоÑмаÑÑÑ. ÐавÑÑÑ ÑÑогоднÑ
+Ñаме Ñим займаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑайÑÑв, а Ñе
не пÑизводиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ пÑоблеми поÑлÑг
+замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо доÑÑÑп до ÑиÑÑ
-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑблÑкованиÑ
вÑдомоÑÑей не Ñ
+ваÑим влаÑним обÑиÑленнÑм. Як Ñ Ð¿ÑблÑкаÑÑÑ
ваÑиÑ
влаÑниÑ
маÑеÑÑалÑв на ÑайÑÑ
+блоÒÑв або Ñакий ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ Ð¼ÑкÑоблоÒÑв, Ñк
Twitter або StatusNet (з Ñими
+ÑлÑжбами, звиÑайно, Ñеж можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи
пÑоблеми.) Те ж Ñаме ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑнÑоÑ
+ÑоÑми ÑпÑлкÑваннÑ, Ñка не пеÑедбаÑаÑ
збеÑÑгаÑи ÑаÑмниÑÑ, на кÑÑÐ°Ð»Ñ ÑоÑÑмÑв. </p>
+
+<p>Ðо ÑÑÑÑ ÑвоÑй ÑоÑÑалÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑежÑ
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ ÑÑзновид зв'ÑÐ·ÐºÑ Ñа
+пÑблÑкаÑÑй, а не поÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам.
Ðднак Ñ ÑлÑжби, головна ÑÑнкÑÑÑ
+ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимÑÑ ÑоÑÑалÑноÑ
меÑежÑ, можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи можливоÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾
+ÑозÑиÑеннÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑгами замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам. </p>
+
+<p>Те, Ñо ÑлÑжба не Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑами, не ознаÑаÑ, Ñо в нÑй немаÑ
+нÑÑого поганого. У ÑлÑжб Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ ÐµÑиÑнÑ
пÑоблеми. ÐапÑиклад, Facebook
+поÑиÑÑÑ Ð²Ñдео Ñ ÑоÑмаÑÑ Flash, Ñе пÑимÑÑÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв до заÑÑоÑÑваннÑ
+невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам; вÑн Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ
невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами на JavaScript;
+кÑÑм Ñого, ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ ÑÑвоÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
помилкове вÑдÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑденÑÑйноÑÑÑ,
+ÑпокÑÑаÑÑи в Ñой же ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑ
оголÑваÑи ÑвоÑ
жиÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед Facebook. Це Ñеж
+Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаннÑ, але ÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑвÑÑена
пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам.
+</p>
+
+<p>Ð¢Ð°ÐºÑ ÑлÑжби, Ñк поÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ ÑеÑвеÑи, ÑкÑ
збиÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ вÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ Ñ
+дозволÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ доÑлÑджÑваÑи ÑÑ
. ÐеÑеглÑд
зÑбÑаниÑ
ними даниÑ
— не
+ваÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð² звиÑÐ°Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑенÑÑ
(ви не надаÑÑе ÑиÑ
зÑбÑаниÑ
+даниÑ
), ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑлÑжбоÑ
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐºÑ Ð² ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ, Ñе не
+поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Ðднак ÑкÑо ви
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑеÑÑ ÑÑжим ÑеÑвеÑом, Ñоб
+ÑеалÑзÑваÑи заÑÑб поÑÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð° влаÑномÑ
ÑайÑÑ, Ñо Ñе <em>Ñ</em> поÑлÑгоÑ
+замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами.</p>
+
+<p>ÐокÑпки в меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ — не поÑлÑга
замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо ÑÑ
+обÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ <em>ваÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑнÑ</em>: вони
пÑоводÑÑÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑно з вами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ
+магазинÑ. ÐаÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема покÑпок по
меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑомÑ, Ñи ви
+довÑÑÑÑÑе ÑнÑÑй ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð³ÑоÑÑ Ñа ÑнÑÑ
вÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑобÑ
+(поÑинаÑÑи з ваÑого ÑменÑ). </p>
+
+<p>Ð¢Ð°ÐºÑ ÑайÑи-ÑÑ
овиÑа, Ñк Savannah Ñ SourceForge, не
обов'Ñзково Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑгами
+замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо ÑÑ
ÑобоÑа полÑгаÑ
в пÑблÑкаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеданиÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+даниÑ
. </p>
+
+<p>ÐоÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑпÑлÑними ÑеÑвеÑами
пÑоекÑÑ — не поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо обÑиÑленнÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ Ñаким
Ñином пÑоводиÑе, не Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñими
+влаÑними. ÐапÑиклад, ÑкÑо ви пÑавиÑе
ÑÑоÑÑнки ÐÑкÑпедÑÑ, ви не пÑоводиÑе
+ÑвоÑÑ
влаÑниÑ
обÑиÑленÑ: ви беÑеÑе ÑÑаÑÑÑ
в обÑиÑленнÑÑ
ÐÑкÑпедÑÑ. ÐÑкÑпедÑÑ
+конÑÑолÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÐ½Ñ ÑеÑвеÑи, але Ñк
оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ, Ñак Ñ Ð¿ÑиваÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ñоби
+ÑÑикаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑкÑо вони пÑоводÑÑÑ ÑвоÑ
+обÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¶Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑвеÑÑ. </p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑÐºÑ ÑайÑи пÑопонÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐºÑлÑка поÑлÑг,
Ñ ÑкÑо одна з ниÑ
не Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑгоÑ
+замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñо ÑнÑа може Ð½ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑи.
ÐапÑиклад, головна поÑлÑга ÑайÑÑ
+Facebook ÑоÑÑалÑна меÑежа, Ñ Ñе не
поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами;
+однак вÑн пÑдÑÑимÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами ÑÑеÑÑÑ
ÑÑоÑÑн, деÑÐºÑ Ð· ÑкиÑ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑгами замÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑам. Ðоловна поÑлÑга ÑайÑÑ Flickr —
поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑÑй, Ñ
+Ñе не поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, але Ñ Ð½Ñого
Ñ Ñакож можливоÑÑÑ ÑедагÑваннÑ
+ÑоÑогÑаÑÑй, а Ñе — поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑами. ТоÑно Ñак Ñамо
+заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑайÑÑ Instagram Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑблÑкаÑÑÑ
ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами, але заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ длÑ
пеÑеÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ Ñ. </p>
+
+<p>ÐÑиклад Google Docs показÑÑ, Ñк Ñкладно може
бÑÑи оÑÑниÑи Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ - ÑдинÑ
+ÑлÑжбÑ. Ðони запÑоÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей ÑедагÑваÑи
докÑменÑи, виконÑÑÑи Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ <a
+href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
+JavaScript</a>, Ñо вже погано. Ðднак вони
пÑопонÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑокол длÑ
+заванÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑÑв в
ÑÑандаÑÑниÑ
ÑоÑмаÑаÑ
. ÐÑлÑна
+пÑогÑама ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ ÑобиÑи Ñе
по ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑоколÑ. ЦÑ
+ÑÑ
ема коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑами, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо в ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ
+Google Docs заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñе Ñк ÑÑ
овиÑе.
ÐоказаÑи вÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑ
+погано, але Ñе пÑоблема конÑÑденÑÑйноÑÑÑ,
а не поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам;
+залежнÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¿Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ваÑиÑ
даниÑ
вÑд
ÑлÑжби — Ñе погано, але Ñе
+пÑоблема ÑизикÑ, а не поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам. Ð ÑнÑого бокÑ, заÑÑоÑÑваннÑ
+ÑлÑжби Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑоÑмаÑÑ
докÑменÑÑв <em>Ñ</em> поÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо Ñе ÑоÑÑ, Ñо ви могли б
зÑобиÑи, виконавÑи вÑдповÑднÑ
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ (вÑлÑнÑ, ми ÑподÑваÑмоÑÑ) на
ÑвоÑÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑÑ. </p>
+
+<p>ÐвиÑайно, з Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑлÑного ÑедакÑоÑа
ÑлÑÐ¶Ð±Ð¾Ñ Google Docs коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑдко. ÐайÑаÑÑÑÑе Ð½ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·
Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами на
+JavaScript, Ñка Ñак Ñамо погана, Ñк бÑдÑ-Ñка
поневолена пÑогÑама. Ð ÑÑ ÑÑ
емÑ
+могла б вÑ
одиÑи Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑами; Ñе залежиÑÑ Ð²Ñд Ñого, Ñка
+ÑаÑÑина ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоводиÑÑÑÑ Ð²
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° JavaScript, а Ñка —
+на ÑеÑвеÑÑ. Ðи ÑÑого не знаÑмо, але
оÑкÑлÑки поÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ
+невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами подÑбним Ñином
неÑпÑÐ°Ð²ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾ коÑиÑÑÑваÑа, знаÑи Ñе не
+Ñак важливо. </p>
+
+<p>ÐÑи пÑблÑкаÑÑÑ Ð· Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ ÑÑжого ÑÑ
овиÑа пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑденÑÑйноÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+виникаÑÑÑ, але пÑи пÑблÑкаÑÑÑ Ð· допомогоÑ
Google Docs Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ñоблива
+пÑоблема: неможливо навÑÑÑ
<em>пеÑеглÑнÑÑи</em> ÑекÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑа Google Docs
+в бÑаÑзеÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами на
JavaScript. Таким Ñином, вам не ÑлÑд
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Google Docs Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑблÑкаÑÑÑ Ñого б
Ñо не бÑло — але
+пÑиÑина ÑÑого не пов'Ñзана з пÑоблемоÑ
поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам. </p>
+
+<p>ÐнÑоÑмаÑÑйна ÑндÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¾Ñ
оÑÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв не пÑоводиÑи ÑиÑ
+вÑдмÑнноÑÑей. Саме Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого вживаÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑпÑвзвÑÑний виÑаз “Ñ
маÑнÑ
+обÑиÑленнє. Цей ÑеÑмÑн наÑÑÑлÑки
ÑозпливÑаÑÑий, Ñо його можна вжиÑи
+майже до бÑдÑ-Ñкого заÑÑоÑÑÐ½ÐºÑ Ð²
ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ. ÐÑн вклÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑам, а Ñакож багаÑо ÑнÑиÑ
ÑÑ
ем
заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑежÑ. У бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ
+конÑекÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑ, Ñкий пиÑе “Ñ
маÑнє
(ÑкÑо Ñе ÑеÑ
нÑÑний
+ÑпеÑÑалÑÑÑ), ймовÑÑно, Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ²Ð°Ð·Ñ ÑоÑÑ
конкÑеÑне, але зазвиÑай не поÑÑнÑÑ,
+Ñо в ÑнÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ
Ñей пÑикмеÑник пÑиймаÑ
ÑнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑеннÑ. ÐиÑаз
+змÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей ÑобиÑи ÑзагалÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо
меÑоди, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑозглÑдаÑи
+окÑемо.</p>
+
+<p>ЯкÑо “Ñ
маÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑленнє ÑоÑÑ
ознаÑаÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñе не меÑод
+обÑиÑленÑ, а ÑпоÑÑб миÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо
обÑиÑленнÑ, безÑÑÑбоÑний пÑдÑ
Ñд: “Ðе
+задавай пиÑанÑ. Ðе ÑÑÑбÑйÑÑ Ð¿Ñо Ñе, Ñ
Ñо
конÑÑолÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ñ
Ñо
+ÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ. Ðе пеÑевÑÑÑй, Ñи не заÑ
ований в поÑлÑÐ·Ñ Ð³Ð°Ñок, поки його
+не ковÑнеÑ. ÐовÑÑÑй компанÑÑм
безмежно”. ÐнÑими Ñловами, “бÑдÑ
+пÑоÑÑаком”. ХмаÑа Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ
пеÑеÑкодиÑи миÑлиÑи ÑÑно. ÐÐ»Ñ ÑÑÑкиÑ
+дÑмок пÑо обÑиÑлÑвалÑÐ½Ñ ÑеÑ
нÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð¹Ñе
ÑникаÑи Ñлова “Ñ
маÑнє.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐиÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми поÑлÑг замÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑам</h3>
+
+<p>ТÑлÑки невелика ÑаÑÑка ÑайÑÑв ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ
пÑопонÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам;
+бÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð· ниÑ
ÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблема не ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ.
Ðле Ñо ÑобиÑи з Ñими, ÑкиÑ
Ñе
+ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ?</p>
+
+<p>У найпÑоÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ, коли ви
пÑоводиÑе влаÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑвоÑми
+даними, ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑе: коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ ÑвоÑÑ
влаÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ
+пÑогÑами. РедагÑйÑе ÑвÑй ÑекÑÑ Ñ ÑвоÑй
копÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного ÑекÑÑового ÑедакÑоÑа,
+Ñакого, Ñк GNU Emacs або вÑлÑний ÑекÑÑовий
пÑоÑеÑоÑ. РедагÑйÑе ÑвоÑ
+ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ Ñ ÑвоÑй копÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
ÑакоÑ, Ñк GIMP. Ð ÑкÑо немаÑ
+нÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами? ÐевÑлÑна
пÑогÑама або поÑлÑга замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами
+вÑднÑла б Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑвободÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не ÑлÑд
ними коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ. Ðи можеÑе
+вклаÑÑи ÑвÑй ÑÐ°Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ гÑоÑÑ Ð² ÑозÑобкÑ
вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ñни.</p>
+
+<p>Ð Ñк ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑваÑи з ÑнÑими лÑдÑми в
гÑÑпÑ? Рданий ÑÐ°Ñ Ñе може бÑÑи важко
+без викоÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа, а Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÑй гÑÑпÑ
можÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ знаÑи, Ñк оÑганÑзÑваÑи
+влаÑний ÑеÑвеÑ. ЯкÑо ви викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑе
ÑÑжий ÑеÑвеÑ, не покладайÑеÑÑ Ñ
оÑа б
+на ÑеÑвеÑ, адмÑнÑÑÑÑований компанÑÑÑ.
ÐÑоÑÑо ÑклавÑи ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñк клÑÑнÑ, ви не
+заÑ
иÑенÑ, поки ви не в Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑвиÑи
поÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-ÑпÑавжнÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñи в
+ÑÑд, а компанÑÑ, ймовÑÑно, ÑоÑмÑлÑÑ
конÑÑакÑи Ñак, Ñоб допÑÑкалиÑÑ
+Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑиÑокиÑ
межаÑ
. ÐеÑжава може
зажадаÑи ваÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñд компанÑÑ,
+Ñазом з даними вÑÑÑ
ÑнÑиÑ
лÑдей, Ñк Ñе
зÑобив Ðбама з ÑелеÑонними
+компанÑÑми, ÑкÑо ÑÑлÑки компанÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
надаÑÑÑ ÑÑ
добÑовÑлÑно, Ñк ÑелеÑоннÑ
+компанÑÑ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, ÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ³Ð°Ð»Ñно пеÑедавали
Ñозмови ÑвоÑÑ
клÑÑнÑÑв ÐÑÑÑ. ЯкÑо
+вам необÑ
Ñдний ÑеÑвеÑ, коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ
ÑеÑвеÑом опеÑаÑоÑÑв, Ñким ви можеÑе
+довÑÑÑÑи не ÑÑлÑки на пÑдÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑйниÑ
вÑдноÑин. </p>
+
+<p>Ðднак Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÑоковÑй пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¸
можемо ÑÑвоÑиÑи алÑÑеÑнаÑиви
+ÑеÑвеÑÑв. ÐапÑиклад, ми можемо ÑÑвоÑиÑи
деÑенÑÑалÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, за
+Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑвÑобÑÑники зможÑÑÑ
обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑованими
+даними. СпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑлÑд ÑозÑобиÑи
+ÑозподÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ñни
найважливÑÑиÑ
+“ÑнÑеÑнеÑ-додаÑкÑв”. Ðожливо, бÑло б
мÑдÑо випÑÑкаÑи ÑÑ
пÑд <a
+href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html"> GNU Affero GPL</a>, позаÑк Ñе
+вÑдповÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð¸Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑвоÑеннÑ
ÑÑ
ким-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð² пÑогÑами, ÑкÑ
+базÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑÑ. <a href="/">ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU</a>
ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑоволÑÑÑв длÑ
+ÑобоÑи над Ñакими замÑнами. Ðи Ñакож
закликаÑмо ÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑи по ÑозÑобÑÑ
+вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам вÑаÑ
овÑваÑи ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
ÑвоÑй ÑобоÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Рпоки, ÑкÑо компанÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑоÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÑÑ ÑеÑвеÑом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
+влаÑниÑ
обÑиÑлÑвалÑниÑ
завданÑ, не
поÑÑÑпайÑеÑÑ Ñй; не коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ
+поÑлÑгами замÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам. Ðе кÑпÑйÑе Ñ Ð½Ðµ
вÑÑановлÑйÑе “ÑонкÑ
+клÑÑнÑи”, ÑÐºÑ ÑвлÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñо ÑнÑе,
Ñк комп'ÑÑеÑи, наÑÑÑлÑки
+ÑлабкÑ, Ñо ви змÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑобиÑи вÑÑ ÑпÑавжнÑ
ÑобоÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑÑ ÑкÑо ÑÑлÑки ви
+не збиÑаÑÑеÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑовÑваÑи ÑÑ
з
<em>ÑвоÑм</em> ÑеÑвеÑом. ÐоÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ Ñим
+комп'ÑÑеÑом Ñ Ð·Ð±ÐµÑÑгайÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
нÑомÑ. ÐиконÑйÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑнÑ
+обÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð· Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ ÑвоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ
вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами заÑади ваÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑноÑ
+волÑ.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐивÑÑÑÑÑ Ñакож:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">Ðомилка,
в ÑкÑй
+нÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ дозволено ÑозÑбÑаÑиÑÑ</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013 Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.uk">
лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
+авÑоÑÑÑва — Ðез поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0
СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/12/20 21:29:22 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html
diff -N po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.uk-en.html 20 Dec 2013 21:29:23
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Who does that server really serve?</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>(The first version was published
+in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM">
+Boston Review</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
+lose your freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is
+another way to let someone else have power over your
+computing.</strong></p>
+
+SaaSS means using a service implemented by someone else as a
+substitute for running your copy of a program. The term is ours;
+articles and ads won't use it, and they won't tell you whether a
+service is SaaSS. Instead they will probably use the vague and
+distracting term “cloud”, which lumps SaaSS together with
+various other practices, some abusive and some ok. With the
+explanation and examples in this page, you can tell whether a service
+is SaaSS.
+
+<h3>Background: How Proprietary Software Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Digital technology can give you freedom; it can also take your
+freedom away. The first threat to our control over our computing came
+from <em>proprietary software</em>: software that the users cannot
+control because the owner (a company such as Apple or Microsoft)
+controls it. The owner often takes advantage of this unjust power by
+inserting malicious features such as spyware, back doors, and <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Digital Restrictions Management
+(DRM)</a> (referred to as “Digital Rights Management” in
+their propaganda).</p>
+
+<p>Our solution to this problem is developing <em>free software</em>
+and rejecting proprietary software. Free software means that you, as
+a user, have four essential freedoms: (0) to run the program as
+you wish, (1) to study and change the source code so it does what
+you wish, (2) to redistribute exact copies, and (3) to
+redistribute copies of your modified versions. (See
+the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software
+definition</a>.)</p>
+
+<p>With free software, we, the users, take back control of our
+computing. Proprietary software still exists, but we can exclude it
+from our lives and many of us have done so. However, we now face a
+new threat to our control over our computing: Service as a Software
+Substitute (SaaSS). For our freedom's sake, we have to reject that
+too.</p>
+
+<h3>How Service as a Software Substitute Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS) means using a service as a
+substitute for running your copy of a program. Concretely, it means
+that someone sets up a network server that does certain computing
+tasks—for instance, modifying a photo, translating text into
+another language, etc.—then invites users to do computing via
+that server. A user of the server would send her data to the server,
+which does <em>her own computing</em> on the data thus provided, then
+sends the results back to her or acts directly on her behalf.</p>
+
+<p>The computing is <em>her own</em> because, by assumption, she
+could, in principle, have done it by running a program on her own
+computer (whether or not that program is available to her at
+present). When this assumption is not so, it isn't SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>These servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably
+than proprietary software. With proprietary software, users typically
+get an executable file but not the source code. That makes it hard to
+study the code that is running, so it's hard to determine what the
+program really does, and hard to change it.</p>
+
+<p>With SaaSS, the users do not have even the executable file that
+does their computing: it is on someone else's server, where the users
+can't see or touch it. Thus it is impossible for them to ascertain
+what it really does, and impossible to change it.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, SaaSS automatically leads to consequences equivalent
+to the malicious features of certain proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p> For instance, some proprietary programs are “spyware”:
+the program <a href="/philosophy/proprietary-surveillance.html">
+sends out data about users' computing activities</a>.
+Microsoft Windows sends information about users' activities to
+Microsoft. Windows Media Player reports what each user watches or
+listens to. The Amazon Kindle reports which pages of which books the
+user looks at, and when. Angry Birds reports the user's geolocation
+history.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike proprietary software, SaaSS does not require covert code to
+obtain the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the
+server in order to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the
+server operator gets the data—with no special effort, by the
+nature of SaaSS. Amy Webb, who intended never to post any photos of
+her daughter, made the mistake of using SaaSS (Instagram) to edit
+photos of her. Eventually
+<a
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/data_mine_1/2013/09/privacy_facebook_kids_don_t_post_photos_of_your_kids_on_social_media.html">
they
+leaked from there</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Some proprietary operating systems have a universal back door,
+permitting someone to remotely install software changes. For
+instance, Windows has a universal back door with which Microsoft can
+forcibly change any software on the machine. Nearly all portable
+phones have them, too. Some proprietary applications also have
+universal back doors; for instance, the Steam client for GNU/Linux
+allows the developer to remotely install modified versions.</p>
+
+<p>With SaaSS, the server operator can change the software in use on
+the server. He ought to be able to do this, since it's his computer;
+but the result is the same as using a proprietary application program
+with a universal back door: someone has the power to silently impose
+changes in how the user's computing gets done.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, SaaSS is equivalent to running proprietary software with
+spyware and a universal back door. It gives the server operator
+unjust power over the user, and that power is something we must
+resist.</p>
+
+<h3>SaaSS and SaaS</h3>
+
+<p>Originally we referred to this problematical practice as
+“SaaS”, which stands for “Software as a
+Service”. It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a
+server rather than offering copies of it to users, and we thought it
+described precisely the cases where this problem occurs.</p>
+
+<p>Subsequently we became aware that the term SaaS is sometimes used for
+communication services—activities for which this issue is not
+applicable. In addition, the term “Software as a Service”
+doesn't explain <em>why</em> the practice is bad. So we coined the term
+“Service as a Software Substitute”, which defines the bad
+practice more clearly and says what is bad about it.</p>
+
+<h3>Untangling the SaaSS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue</h3>
+
+<p>SaaSS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but
+the mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the
+mechanism is that you have and use a copy which is difficult and/or
+illegal to change. With SaaSS, the mechanism is that you don't have
+the copy that's doing your computing.</p>
+
+<p>These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web
+developers use the vague term “web application” to lump
+the server software together with programs run on your machine in your
+browser. Some web pages install nontrivial, even large JavaScript
+programs into your browser without informing
+you. <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">When these JavaScript
+programs are nonfree</a>, they are the same sort of problem as any
+other nonfree software. Here, however, we are concerned with the
+problem of the server software itself.</p>
+
+<p>Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaSS will
+be solved by developing free software for servers. For the server
+operator's sake, the programs on the server had better be free; if
+they are proprietary, their owners have power over the server. That's
+unfair to the operator, and doesn't help the users at all. But if the
+programs on the server are free, that doesn't protect <em>the server's
+users</em> from the effects of SaaSS. These programs liberate the
+server operator, but not the server's users.</p>
+
+<p>Releasing the server software source code does benefit the
+community: it enables suitably skilled users to set up similar
+servers, perhaps changing the
+software. <a href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> We
+recommend using the GNU Affero GPL</a> as the license for programs
+often used on servers.</p>
+
+<p>But none of these servers would give you control over computing you
+do on it, unless it's <em>your</em> server. It may be OK to trust
+your friend's server for some jobs, just as you might let your friend
+maintain the software on your own computer. Outside of that, all
+these servers would be SaaSS for you. SaaSS always subjects you to
+the power of the server operator, and the only remedy is, <em>Don't
+use SaaSS!</em> Don't use someone else's server to do your own
+computing on data provided by you.</p>
+
+<p>Services are fundamentally different from programs, and the ethical
+issues that services raise are fundamentally different from the issues
+that programs raise. To avoid confusion,
+we <a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+avoid describing a service as “free” or
+“proprietary.”</a></p>
+
+<h3>Distinguishing SaaSS from Other Network Services</h3>
+
+<p>Which online services are SaaSS? The clearest example is a
+translation service, which translates (say) English text into Spanish
+text. Translating a text for you is computing that is purely yours.
+You could do it by running a program on your own computer, if only you
+had the right program. (To be ethical, that program should be free.)
+The translation service substitutes for that program, so it is Service
+as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS. Since it denies you control
+over your computing, it does you wrong.</p>
+
+<p>Another clear example is using a service such as Flickr or
+Instagram to modify a photo. Modifying photos is an activity that
+people have done in their own computers for decades; doing it in a
+server instead of your own computer is SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Rejecting SaaSS does not mean refusing to use any network servers
+run by anyone other than you. Most servers are not SaaSS because the
+jobs they do are not the user's own computing.</p>
+
+<p>The original idea of web servers wasn't to do computing for you, it
+was to publish information for you to access. Even today this is what
+most web sites do, and it doesn't pose the SaaSS problem, because
+accessing someone's published information isn't doing your own
+computing. Neither is publishing your own materials via a blog site
+or a microblogging service such as Twitter or StatusNet. (These
+services may have other problems, of course.) The same goes for other
+communication not meant to be private, such as chat groups.</p>
+
+<p>In its essence, social networking is a form of communication and
+publication, not SaaSS. However, a service whose main facility is
+social networking can have features or extensions which are SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>If a service is not SaaSS, that does not mean it is OK. There are
+other ethical issues about services. For instance, Facebook
+distributes video in Flash, which pressures users to run nonfree
+software; it requires running nonfree JavaScript code; and it gives
+users a misleading impression of privacy while luring them into baring
+their lives to Facebook. Those are important issues, different from
+the SaaSS issue.
+</p>
+
+<p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
+and let you examine it. Looking through their collection of data
+isn't your own computing in the usual sense—you didn't provide
+that collection—so using such a service to search the web is not
+SaaSS. However, using someone else's server to implement a search
+facility for your own site <em>is</em> SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Purchasing online is not SaaSS, because the computing
+isn't <em>your own</em>; rather, it is done jointly by and for you and
+the store. The real issue in online shopping is whether you trust the
+other party with your money and other personal information (starting
+with your name).</p>
+
+<p>Repository sites such as as Savannah and SourceForge are not
+inherently SaaSS, because a repository's job is publication of data
+supplied to it.</p>
+
+<p>Using a joint project's servers isn't SaaSS because the computing
+you do in this way isn't your own. For instance, if you edit pages on
+Wikipedia, you are not doing your own computing; rather, you are
+collaborating in Wikipedia's computing. Wikipedia controls its own
+servers, but organizations as well as individuals encounter the
+problem of SaaSS if they do their computing in someone else's
+server.</p>
+
+<p>Some sites offer multiple services, and if one is not SaaSS,
+another may be SaaSS. For instance, the main service of Facebook is
+social networking, and that is not SaaSS; however, it supports
+third-party applications, some of which are SaaSS. Flickr's main
+service is distributing photos, which is not SaaSS, but it also has
+features for editing photos, which is SaaSS. Likewise, using
+Instagram to post a photo is not SaaSS, but using it to transform the
+photo is SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Google Docs shows how complex the evaluation of a single service
+can become. It invites people to edit a document by running a
+large <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">nonfree JavaScript
+program</a>, clearly wrong. However, it offers an API for uploading
+and downloading documents in standard formats. A free software editor
+can do so through this API. This usage scenario is not SaaSS, because
+it uses Google Docs as a mere repository. Showing all your data to a
+company is bad, but that is a matter of privacy, not SaaSS; depending
+on a service for access to your data is bad, but that is a matter of
+risk, not SaaSS. On the other hand, using the service for converting
+document formats <em>is</em> SaaSS, because it's something you could
+have done by running a suitable program (free, one hopes) in your own
+computer.</p>
+
+<p>Using Google Docs through a free editor is rare, of course. Most
+often, people use it through the nonfree JavaScript program, which is
+bad like any nonfree program. This scenario might involve SaaSS, too;
+that depends on what part of the editing is done in the JavaScript
+program and what part in the server. We don't know, but since SaaSS
+and proprietary software do similar wrong to the user, it is not
+crucial to know.</p>
+
+<p>Publishing via someone else's repository does not raise privacy
+issues, but publishing through Google Docs has a special problem: it
+is impossible even to <em>view the text</em> of a Google Docs document
+in a browser without running the nonfree JavaScript code. Thus, you
+should not use Google Docs to publish anything—but the reason
+is not a matter of SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>The IT industry discourages users from making these distinctions.
+That's what the buzzword “cloud computing” is for. This
+term is so nebulous that it could refer to almost any use of the
+Internet. It includes SaaSS as well as many other network usage
+practices. In any given context, an author who writes
+“cloud” (if a technical person) probably has a specific
+meaning in mind, but usually does not explain that in other articles
+the term has other specific meanings. The term leads people to
+generalize about practices they ought to consider individually.</p>
+
+<p>If “cloud computing” has a meaning, it is not a way of
+doing computing, but rather a way of thinking about computing: a
+devil-may-care approach which says, “Don't ask questions. Don't
+worry about who controls your computing or who holds your data. Don't
+check for a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow it.
+Trust companies without hesitation.” In other words, “Be a
+sucker.” A cloud in the mind is an obstacle to clear thinking.
+For the sake of clear thinking about computing, let's avoid the term
+“cloud.”</p>
+
+<h3>Dealing with the SaaSS Problem</h3>
+
+<p>Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaSS; most don't raise
+the issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?</p>
+
+<p>For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data
+in your own hands, the solution is simple: use your own copy of a free
+software application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free
+text editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo
+editing with your copy of free software such as GIMP. What if there
+is no free program available? A proprietary program or SaaSS would
+take away your freedom, so you shouldn't use those. You can contribute
+your time or your money to development of a free replacement.</p>
+
+<p>What about collaborating with other individuals as a group? It may
+be hard to do this at present without using a server, and your group
+may not know how to run its own server. If you use someone else's
+server, at least don't trust a server run by a company. A mere
+contract as a customer is no protection unless you could detect a
+breach and could really sue, and the company probably writes its
+contracts to permit a broad range of abuses. The state can subpoena
+your data from the company along with everyone else's, as Obama has
+done to phone companies, supposing the company doesn't volunteer them
+like the US phone companies that illegally wiretapped their customers
+for Bush. If you must use a server, use a server whose operators give
+you a basis for trust beyond a mere commercial relationship.</p>
+
+<p>However, on a longer time scale, we can create alternatives to
+using servers. For instance, we can create a peer-to-peer program
+through which collaborators can share data encrypted. The free
+software community should develop distributed peer-to-peer
+replacements for important “web applications”. It may be
+wise to release them under
+the <a href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html"> GNU Affero GPL</a>, since
+they are likely candidates for being converted into server-based
+programs by someone else. The <a href="/">GNU project</a> is looking
+for volunteers to work on such replacements. We also invite other
+free software projects to consider this issue in their design.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do
+your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaSS. Don't buy or
+install “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak
+they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're going to use
+them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real computer and keep your
+data there. Do your own computing with your own copy of a free
+program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
+
+<h3>See also:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
+Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/12/20 21:29:23 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
[Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy po/who-does-that-server-really-s...,
GNUN <=