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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/distros po/common-distros.translist common-... |
Date: |
Sat, 23 Nov 2013 18:00:17 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/11/23 18:00:17
Modified files:
distros/po : common-distros.translist
Added files:
distros : common-distros.ro.html
distros/po : common-distros.ro-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/common-distros.ro.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/common-distros.ro-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/common-distros.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/po/common-distros.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/common-distros.translist 11 Oct 2013 09:59:16 -0000 1.13
+++ po/common-distros.translist 23 Nov 2013 18:00:17 -0000 1.14
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/distros/common-distros.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/distros/common-distros.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/distros/common-distros.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ro" hreflang="ro"
href="/distros/common-distros.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/distros/common-distros.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/distros/common-distros.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
Index: common-distros.ro.html
===================================================================
RCS file: common-distros.ro.html
diff -N common-distros.ro.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ common-distros.ro.html 23 Nov 2013 18:00:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ro.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/common-distros.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ExplicaÈia pentru care nu recomandÄm alte sisteme - Proiectul GNU -
FundaÈia
+pentru Programe Libere (FSF)</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="DistribuÈii de GNU+Linux libere"
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss"
+ type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/common-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ro.html" -->
+<h2>ExplicaÈia pentru care nu recomandÄm alte sisteme</h2>
+
+<p>Suntem deseori întrebaÈi de ce nu recomandÄm un anumit sistem — de
+regulÄ, o distribuÈie de GNU+Linux popularÄ. RÄspunsul pe scurt la acea
+întrebare este cÄ nu urmeazÄ <a
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">recomandÄrile
+pentru o distribuÈie de sistem liberÄ</a>. Dar, din moment ce nu este tot
+timpul evident prin ce un anumit sistem nu reuÈeÈte sÄ urmeze
recomandÄrile,
+aceastÄ listÄ oferÄ mai multe informaÈii despre problemele anumitor
+distribuÈii nelibere binecunoscute.</p>
+
+<p>Pentru a afla mai mult despre sistemele GNU+Linux pe care le recomandÄm,
+consultaÈi lista noastrÄ de <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">distribuÈii
+de GNU+Linux libere</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Cu câteva excepÈii notabile, toate distribuÈiile listate pe aceastÄ
paginÄ
+încalcÄ recomandÄrile în cel puÈin douÄ aspecte importante:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>Nu au o politicÄ de a include <em>doar</em> programele libere Èi de a
+elimina programele nelibere, dacÄ acestea sunt descoperite. Cele mai multe
+dintre ele nu au nicio politicÄ clarÄ Ã®n ceea ce priveÈte programele pe
care
+le vor accepta Èi cele pe care le vor respinge. DistribuÈiile care au o
+politicÄ, din nefericire, nu sunt suficient de stricte, dupÄ cum este
+explicat mai jos.</p></li>
+<li><p>Nucleul pe care îl distribuie (în cele mai multe cazuri, Linux)
include
+âpeteâ (âblobsâ): bucÄÈi de cod-obiect distribuit fÄrÄ sursÄ, de
regulÄ
+microprograme (firmware) ce sunt folosite pentru a face sÄ funcÈioneze
+anumite dispozitive.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Aici sunt listate în ordine alfabeticÄ unele distribuÈii de GNU+Linux
+nelibere binecunoscute, cu note sumare despre lacunele lor. Nu ne propunem
+sÄ fim exhaustivi; din moment ce cunoaÈtem unele motive pentru care nu putem
+recomanda o anumitÄ distribuÈie, nu continuÄm sÄ ne uitÄm dupÄ toate
+motivele.
+</p>
+
+<p>O distribuÈie s-ar putea sÄ se fi schimbat de ultima oarÄ când am
actualizat
+informaÈiile despre ea; dacÄ credeÈi cÄ una din problemele menÈionate
aici a
+fost corectatÄ, vÄ rugÄm <a href="mailto:address@hidden">sÄ ne daÈi de
+Ètire</a>. TotuÈi, vom studia Èi recomanda o distribuÈie doar dacÄ
+dezvoltatorii ei ne cer recomandarea.</p>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list sorted, first with all the GNU systems
+ alphabetically, then all the non-GNU systems alphabetically. -->
+<h3 id="Arch">GNU+Linux Arch</h3>
+
+<p>Arch are cele douÄ probleme obiÈnuite: nu existÄ nicio politicÄ clarÄ
cu
+privire la ce programele pot fi incluse Èi sunt livrate pete (blobs)
+nelibere cu nucleul lor, Linux. Arch nici nu are o politicÄ de a nu
+distribui programe nelibere prin canalele lor normale.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Canaima">Canaima</h3>
+
+<p>GNU+Linux Canaima este o distribuÈie realizatÄ de guvernul Venezuelei
pentru
+a distribui calculatoare cu GNU+Linux. Ãn timp ce per ansamblu planul este
+admirabil, Canaima este defectuoasÄ fiindcÄ include programe nelibere.</p>
+
+<p>Meniul ei principal are o opÈiune, âInstaleazÄ programe nelibereâ,
care
+instaleazÄ toÈi piloÈii (drivers) neliberi, chiar Èi pe aceia care nu sunt
+necesari. De asemenea, distribuÈia pune la dispoziÈie pete (blobs) pentru
+nucleul Linux Èi invitÄ utilizatorii sÄ instaleze aplicaÈii nelibere,
+inclusiv Flash Player.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CentOS">CentOS</h3>
+
+<p>Nu cunoaÈtem alte probleme în CentOS pe lângÄ cele douÄ obiÈnuite: nu
existÄ
+nicio politicÄ clarÄ cu privire la ce programe pot fi incluse Èi sunt
+livrate pete (blobs) nelibere cu nucleul Linux. BineînÈeles, fÄrÄ o
+politicÄ fermÄ pusÄ la punct, s-ar putea sÄ fie incluse Èi alte programe
+nelibere pe care noi le-am ratat.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Debian">GNU+Linux Debian</h3>
+
+<p>Contractul Social al proiectului Debian declarÄ scopul de a face Debian în
+totalitate liber Èi Debian în mod conÈtiincios Èine programele nelibere
+afarÄ din sistemul oficial Debian. TotuÈi, Debian pune la dispoziÈie Èi un
+depozit de programe nelibere. Conform proiectului, aceste programe ânu fac
+parte din sistemul Debianâ, dar depozitul este gÄzduit pe multe dintre
+serverele principale ale proiectului Èi oamenii pot sÄ afle uÈor de aceste
+pachete nelibere navigând prin baza de date de pachete de pe Internet a lui
+Debian.</p>
+
+<p>ExistÄ Èi un depozit âcontribâ; pachetele lui sunt libere, dar unele
dintre
+ele existÄ ca sÄ Ã®ncarce programe proprietÄreÈti separat distribuite. Nici
+acesta nu este separat complet de distribuÈia principalÄ Debian.</p>
+
+<p>Versiunile anterioare de Debian conÈineau pete (blobs) nelibere cu Linux,
+nucleul. OdatÄ cu versiunea Debian 6 (âsqueezeâ) din februarie 2011,
aceste
+pete au fost mutate afarÄ din distribuÈia principalÄ Ã®n pachete separate
din
+depozitul neliber. TotuÈi, problema persistÄ parÈial: instalatorul în
unele
+cazuri recomandÄ aceste fiÈiere de microprograme (firmware) nelibere pentru
+perifericele maÈinii.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Fedora">Fedora</h3>
+
+<p>Fedora are o politicÄ clarÄ cu privire la ce poate fi inclus în
distribuÈie
+Èi se pare cÄ este atent respectatÄ. Politica cere ca mai toate programele
+Èi tipurile de caractere (fonts) sÄ fie disponibile sub o licenÈÄ liberÄ,
+dar face o excepÈie pentru anumite feluri de microprograme (firmware)
+nelibere. Din nefericire, decizia de a permite acele microprograme în
+politicÄ Ã®mpiedicÄ Fedora sÄ satisfacÄ recomandÄrile pentru o
distribuÈie de
+sistem liberÄ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Gentoo">GNU+Linux Gentoo</h3>
+
+<p>Gentoo uÈureazÄ instalarea unui numÄr de programe nelibere prin sistemul
sÄu
+principal de pachete.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mandriva">GNU+Linux Mandriva</h3>
+
+<p>Mandriva are o politicÄ declaratÄ cu privire la ce poate fi inclus în
+sistemul principal. Este bazatÄ pe cea a proiectului Fedora, ceea ce
+înseamnÄ cÄ permite sÄ fie incluse Èi anumite feluri de microprograme
+(firwmare) nelibere. Pe deasupra, permite sÄ fie incluse programe publicate
+sub LicenÈa ArtisticÄ (Artistic License) originalÄ, chiar dacÄ aceea este o
+licenÈÄ neliberÄ.</p>
+
+<p>De asemenea, Mandriva pune la dispoziÈie programe nelibere prin depozite
+dedicate.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mint">GNU+Linux Mint</h3>
+
+<p>Mint nu are o politicÄ Ã®mpotriva includerii de programe nelibere, include
+pete (blobs) binare nelibere în piloÈii (drivers) împachetaÈi cu nucleul
Èi
+include programe nelibere în depozitele sale.</p>
+
+<h3 id="openSUSE">GNU+Linux openSUSE</h3>
+
+<p>openSUSE oferÄ acces utilizatorilor sÄi la un depozit de programe
+nelibere. Acesta este un exemplu care aratÄ cum <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">âdeschisâ
(âopenâ) este
+mai slab decât âliberâ</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="RedHat">GNU+Linux Red Hat</h3>
+
+<p>DistribuÈia pentru întreprinderi a lui Red Hat urmeazÄ Ã®n principal
aceleaÈi
+politici ca Fedora, cu acea unicÄ excepÈie. Prin urmare, nu o recomandÄm din
+<a href="#Fedora">aceleaÈi motive</a>. Pe lângÄ acestea, Red Hat nu are
+nicio politicÄ Ã®mpotriva punerii la dispoziÈie a programelor nelibere pentru
+sistem prin canale de distribuÈie suplimentare.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Slackware">Slackware</h3>
+
+<p>Slackware are cele douÄ probleme obiÈnuite: nu existÄ nicio politicÄ
clarÄ
+cu privire la ce programe pot fi incluse Èi sunt incluse pete (blobs)
+nelibere în Linux, nucleul. De asemenea, livreazÄ programul neliber de
+redare a imaginilor xv. BineînÈeles, fÄrÄ o politicÄ fermÄ pusÄ la
punct,
+s-ar putea sÄ fie incluse Èi alte programe nelibere pe care noi le-am
ratat.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SteamOS">SteamOS</h3>
+
+<p>SteamOS, o versiune de GNU+Linux care va fi distribuitÄ de Valve, de fapt
nu
+este încÄ disponibilÄ pentru descÄrcare. Ãn prezent, putem sÄ spunem cÄ
este
+foarte puÈin probabil sÄ fie un sistem de operare care respectÄ libertatea
+utilizatorului, pentru cÄ este conceput sÄ funcÈioneazÄ Ã®n strânsÄ
legÄturÄ
+cu serviciul Steam. Steam foloseÈte <a
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm">Administrarea DigitalÄ
+a RestricÈiilor (DRM)</a> pentru a impune restricÈii asupra programelor pe
+care le distribuie. SteamOS va trebui sÄ conÈinÄ programele proprietÄreÈti
+necesare pentru a aplica aceste restricÈii. De asemenea, va fi proiectat sÄ
+promoveze Èi sÄ integreze magazinul Steam, care promoveazÄ un numÄr mare de
+programe proprietÄreÈti.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SUSE">GNU+Linux SUSE</h3>
+
+<p>Pe lângÄ cele douÄ probleme obiÈnuite, mai multe programe nelibere sunt
+disponibile pentru descÄrcare de la situl de FTP oficial al lui SUSE.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Ubuntu">GNU+Linux Ubuntu</h3>
+
+<p>Ubuntu pune la dispoziÈie anumite depozite de programe nelibere Èi
Canonical
+promoveazÄ Ã®n mod expres Èi recomandÄ programe nelibere sub numele Ubuntu
în
+unele canale de distribuÈie ale sale. Ubunutu oferÄ opÈiunea de a instala
+doar pachete libere, ceea ce înseamnÄ cÄ oferÄ Èi opÈiunea de a instala
+pachete nelibere. Ãn plus, versiunea de Linux, nucleul, inclus în Ubuntu
+conÈine pete (blobs) de microprograme (firmware).</p>
+
+<p>
+Politica mÄrcii comerciale a lui Ubuntu interzice redistribuÈia comercialÄ a
+copiilor exacte de Ubuntu, negând astfel o libertate importantÄ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Din octombrie 2012, Ubuntu <a
+href="http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law">trimite
+date personale despre cÄutÄrile utilizatorilor</a> cÄtre un server care
+aparÈine lui Canonical, care trimite înapoi reclame sÄ cumperi chestii de la
+Amazon. Strict vorbind, acest lucru nu afecteazÄ libertatea lui Ubuntu ca
+sistem de operare, dar este o încÄlcare a dreptului utilizatorilor la viaÈÄ
+privatÄ. De asemenea, încurajeazÄ utilizatorii sÄ cumpere de la Amazon, o
+firmÄ <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/">asociatÄ cu DRM-ul</a> precum
+Èi cu relele tratamente aplicate muncitorilor, autorilor Èi editorilor.</p>
+
+<p>Acest program publicitar reprezintÄ una din rarele ocazii în care un
+dezvoltator de programe libere continuÄ sÄ pÄstreze o funcÈionalitate
+maliÈioasÄ Ã®n versiunea sa de program.</p>
+
+<h2>Câteva alte distribuÈii</h2>
+
+<p>Aici discutÄm despre unele sisteme care nu sunt GNU+Linux.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BSD">Sisteme BSD</h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD, NetBSD Èi OpenBSD, toate trei includ instrucÈiuni pentru
obÈinerea
+programelor nelibere în sistemul lor de portÄri. Ãn plus, nucleele lor
+includ pete (blobs) de microprograme (firmware) nelibere.</p>
+
+<p>Microprogramele (firmware) nelibere folosite cu Linux, nucleul, sunt
+denumite âpeteâ (blobs) Èi aÈa folosim noi termenul. Ãn limbajul
specific
+lui BSD, termenul âpatÄâ (âblobâ) înseamnÄ altceva: un pilot
(driver)
+neliber. OpenBSD Èi probabil alte distribuÈii de BSD (denumite
âproiecteâ
+de dezvoltatorii de BSD) au o politicÄ de a nu le include pe acestea din
+urmÄ. Aceea este politica corectÄ Ã®n ceea ce priveÈte piloÈii; dar când
+dezvoltatorii spun cÄ aceste distribuÈii ânu conÈin peteâ, se creeazÄ o
+neînÈelegere. AceÈtia nu se referÄ la pete de microprograme.</p>
+
+<p>Nicio distribuÈie de BSD nu are politici împotriva microprogramelor
+proprietÄreÈti disponibile doar în format binar care pot fi încÄrcate
chiar
+Èi de piloÈii liberi.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Haiku">Haiku</h3>
+
+<p>Haiku include anumite programe pe care nu ai voie sÄ le modifici. Mai
+include Èi pete (blobs) nelibere de microprograme (firmware).</p>
+
+<h3 id="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</h3>
+
+<p>AceastÄ versiune de Android modificatÄ conÈine biblioteci nelibere. De
+asemenea, explicÄ cum sÄ instalezi aplicaÈii nelibere pe care Google le
+distribuie cu Android.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ro.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Pentru întrebÄri generale legate de FSF Èi GNU, vÄ rugÄm sÄ scrieÈi
la <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ExistÄ Èi <a
+href="/contact/">alte moduri de a contacta</a> FSF. LegÄturile stricate Èi
+alte corecturi sau sugestii pot fi trimise la <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Muncim din greu Èi facem tot ceea ce ne stÄ Ã®n putinÈÄ sÄ punem la
+dispoziÈie traduceri exacte, de o calitate bunÄ. Cu toate acestea, nu
+suntem perfecÈi. VÄ rugÄm sÄ ne trimiteÈi comentariile Èi sugestiile
+dvs. generale în aceastÄ privinÈÄ la <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+<p>Pentru informaÈii despre coordonarea Èi trimiterea de traduceri pentru
+paginile noastre, consultaÈi <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ghidul de traduceri</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2011 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>AceastÄ paginÄ este licenÈiatÄ sub licenÈa <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative Commons
+Atribuire - FÄrÄ modificÄri 3.0 Statele Unite</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ro.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>Traducere</b> de Tiberiu C. Turbureanu (<a
+href="http://ceata.org">FundaÈia Ceata</a>), 2013</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Actualizat la:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/23 18:00:16 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/common-distros.ro-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/common-distros.ro-en.html
diff -N po/common-distros.ro-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/common-distros.ro-en.html 23 Nov 2013 18:00:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss"
+ type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include virtual="/distros/po/common-distros.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems</h2>
+
+<p>We're often asked why we don't endorse a particular
+system—usually a popular GNU/Linux distribution. The short
+answer to that question is that they don't follow
+the <a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">free
+system distribution guidelines</a>. But since it isn't always obvious
+how a particular system fails to follow the guidelines, this list
+gives more information about the problems of certain well-known
+nonfree system distros.</p>
+
+<p>To learn more about the GNU/Linux systems that we do endorse, check
+out our list of <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">free GNU/Linux
+distributions</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Except where noted, all of the distributions listed on this page
+fail to follow the guidelines in at least two important ways:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><p>They do not have a policy of <em>only</em> including free
+software, and removing nonfree software if it is discovered. Most of
+them have no clear policy on what software they'll accept or reject at
+all. The distributions that do have a policy unfortunately aren't
+strict enough, as explained below.</p></li>
+<li><p>The kernel that they distribute (in most cases, Linux) includes
+“blobs”: pieces of object code distributed without source,
+usually firmware to run some device.</p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Here is a list of some popular nonfree GNU/Linux distributions in
+alphabetical order, with brief notes about how they fall short. We do
+not aim for completeness; once we know some reasons we can't endorse a
+certain distro, we do not keep looking for all the reasons.
+</p>
+
+<p>A distro may have changed since we last updated information about
+it; if you think one of the problems mentioned here has been
+corrected, please <a href="mailto:address@hidden">let us know</a>.
+However, we will study and endorse a distro only if its developers ask
+for our endorsement.</p>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list sorted, first with all the GNU systems
+ alphabetically, then all the non-GNU systems alphabetically. -->
+
+<h3 id="Arch">Arch GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Arch has the two usual problems: there's no clear policy
+about what software can be included, and nonfree blobs are shipped with
+their kernel, Linux. Arch also has no policy about not distributing
+nonfree software through their normal channels.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Canaima">Canaima</h3>
+
+<p>Canaima GNU/Linux is a distribution made by Venezuela's government
+to distribute computers with GNU/Linux. While the overall plan is
+admirable, Canaima is flawed by the inclusion of nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>Its main menu has an option, “Install nonfree
+software”, which installs all the nonfree drivers (even the
+ones that are not necessary). The distro also provides blobs for the
+kernel, Linux, and invites installing nonfree applications including
+Flash Player.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CentOS">CentOS</h3>
+
+<p>We're not aware of problems in CentOS aside from the two usual ones:
+there's no clear policy about what software can be included,
+and nonfree blobs are shipped with Linux, the kernel. Of course, with
+no firm policy in place, there might be other nonfree software
+included that we missed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Debian">Debian GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Debian's Social Contract states the goal of making Debian entirely
+free software, and Debian conscientiously keeps nonfree software out
+of the official Debian system. However, Debian also provides a
+repository of nonfree software. According to the project, this
+software is “not part of the Debian system,” but the
+repository is hosted on many of the project's main servers, and people
+can readily learn about these nonfree packages by browsing Debian's
+online package database.</p>
+
+<p>There is also a “contrib” repository; its packages are
+free, but some of them exist to load separately distributed
+proprietary programs. This too is not thoroughly separated from the
+main Debian distribution.</p>
+
+<p>Previous releases of Debian included nonfree blobs with Linux, the
+kernel. With the release of Debian 6.0 (“squeeze”) in
+February 2011, these blobs have been moved out of the main
+distribution to separate packages in the nonfree repository. However,
+the problem partly remains: the installer in some cases recommends
+these nonfree firmware files for the peripherals on the machine.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Fedora">Fedora</h3>
+
+<p>Fedora does have a clear policy about what can be included in the
+distribution, and it seems to be followed carefully. The policy
+requires that most software and all fonts be available under a free
+license, but makes an exception for certain kinds of nonfree firmware.
+Unfortunately, the decision to allow that firmware in the policy keeps
+Fedora from meeting the free system distribution guidelines.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Gentoo">Gentoo GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Gentoo makes it easy to install a number of nonfree programs through
+its primary package system.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mandriva">Mandriva GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mandriva does have a stated policy about what can be included in the
+main system. It's based on Fedora's, which means that it also allows
+certain kinds of nonfree firmware to be included. On top of that, it
+permits software released under the original Artistic License to be
+included, even though that's a nonfree license.</p>
+
+<p>Mandriva also provides nonfree software through dedicated
+repositories.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Mint">Mint GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Mint does not have a policy against including nonfree software, it
+includes nonfree binary blobs in drivers packaged with the kernel, and
+it includes nonfree programs in its repositories.</p>
+
+<h3 id="openSUSE">openSUSE GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>openSUSE offers its users access to a repository of nonfree
+software. This is an instance of
+how <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+“open” is weaker than “free”</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="RedHat">Red Hat GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Red Hat's enterprise distribution primarily follows the same
+licensing policies as Fedora, with one exception. Thus, we don't
+endorse it for <a href="#Fedora">the same reasons</a>. In addition to
+those, Red Hat has no policy against making nonfree software available
+for the system through supplementary distribution channels.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Slackware">Slackware</h3>
+
+<p>Slackware has the two usual problems: there's no clear policy about
+what software can be included, and nonfree blobs are included in
+Linux, the kernel. It also ships with the nonfree image-viewing
+program xv. Of course, with no firm policy in place, there might be
+other nonfree software included that we missed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SteamOS">SteamOS</h3>
+
+<p>SteamOS, a version of GNU/Linux to be distributed by Valve, is not
+actually released for download yet. At present, we can say that it is
+very unlikely to be an operating system which respects user freedom,
+because it is meant to work closely with the Steam service. Steam uses
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm">Digital Restrictions
+Management (DRM)</a> to impose
+restrictions on the software it distributes. SteamOS will have to
+contain the proprietary software necessary to enforce these
+restrictions. It will also be designed to promote and integrate with
+the Steam store, which promotes a large amount of proprietary
+software.</p>
+
+<h3 id="SUSE">SUSE GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>In addition to the usual two problems, several nonfree software
+programs are available for download from SUSE's official FTP site.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Ubuntu">Ubuntu GNU/Linux</h3>
+
+<p>Ubuntu provides specific repositories of nonfree software, and
+Canonical expressly promotes and recommends nonfree software under the
+Ubuntu name in some of their distribution channels. Ubuntu offers the
+option to install only free packages, which means it also offers the
+option to install nonfree packages too. In addition, the version of
+Linux, the kernel, included in Ubuntu contains firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ubuntu's trademark policy prohibits commercial redistribution of exact
+copies of Ubuntu, denying an important freedom.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As of October 2012, Ubuntu
+<a
href="http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law">
+sends personal data about users' searches</a> to a server belonging to
+Canonical, which sends back ads to buy things from Amazon. This does
+not, strictly speaking, affect whether Ubuntu is free software, but it
+is a violation of users' privacy. It also encourages buying from
+Amazon, a company <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/">associated
+with DRM</a> as well as mistreatment of workers, authors and publishers.</p>
+
+<p>This adware is one of the rare occasions in which a free software
+developer persists in keeping a malicious feature in its version of a
+program.</p>
+
+<h2>Some Other Distros</h2>
+
+<p>Here we discuss some systems that are not GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BSD">BSD systems</h3>
+
+<p>FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD all include instructions for obtaining
+nonfree programs in their ports system. In addition, their kernels
+include nonfree firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>Nonfree firmware programs used with Linux, the kernel, are called
+“blobs”, and that's how we use the term. In BSD parlance,
+the term “blob” means something else: a nonfree driver.
+OpenBSD and perhaps other BSD distributions (called “projects” by
BSD
+developers) have the policy of not including those. That is the right
+policy, as regards drivers; but when the developers say these distributions
+“contain no blobs”, it causes a misunderstanding. They are not
+talking about firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<p>No BSD distribution has policies against proprietary binary-only
+firmware that might be loaded even by free drivers.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Haiku">Haiku</h3>
+
+<p>Haiku includes some software that you're not allowed to modify. It
+also includes nonfree firmware blobs.</p>
+
+<h3 id="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</h3>
+
+<p>This modified version of Android contains nonfree libraries.
+It also explains how to install the nonfree applications that Google
+distributes with Android.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/11/23 18:00:16 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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