[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www education/po/edu-faq.translist education/po...
From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www education/po/edu-faq.translist education/po... |
Date: |
Sat, 23 Nov 2013 14:31:44 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/11/23 14:31:44
Modified files:
education/po : edu-faq.translist edu-software.translist
edu-why.translist
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.translist
philosophy/po : free-doc.translist free-doc.uk.po
pragmatic.translist pragmatic.uk.po
Added files:
gnu : linux-and-gnu.uk.html
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html
philosophy : free-doc.uk.html pragmatic.uk.html
philosophy/po : free-doc.uk-en.html pragmatic.uk-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-faq.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-software.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-why.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-doc.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: education/po/edu-faq.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-faq.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- education/po/edu-faq.translist 30 May 2013 18:28:34 -0000 1.18
+++ education/po/edu-faq.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:35 -0000 1.19
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/education/edu-faq.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/education/edu-faq.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/education/edu-faq.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/edu-faq.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: education/po/edu-software.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-software.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- education/po/edu-software.translist 3 Jun 2013 16:58:21 -0000 1.12
+++ education/po/edu-software.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:36 -0000 1.13
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/education/edu-software.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/education/edu-software.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/education/edu-software.pl.html">polski</a> [pl]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/edu-software.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: education/po/edu-why.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-why.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- education/po/edu-why.translist 13 May 2013 15:28:53 -0000 1.12
+++ education/po/edu-why.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:36 -0000 1.13
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/education/edu-why.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="it" hreflang="it"
href="/education/edu-why.it.html">italiano</a> [it]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ja" hreflang="ja"
href="/education/edu-why.ja.html">æ¥æ¬èª</a> [ja]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/edu-why.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist 29 Jun 2013 06:13:56 -0000 1.13
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:37 -0000 1.14
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="tl" hreflang="tl"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.tl.html">Tagalog</a> [tl]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</span>
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/free-doc.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/free-doc.translist 8 May 2013 08:28:27 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/po/free-doc.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:39 -0000 1.10
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/philosophy/free-doc.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
href="/philosophy/free-doc.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/free-doc.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/free-doc.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/free-doc.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-doc.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-doc.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/free-doc.uk.po 23 Nov 2013 12:27:41 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/free-doc.uk.po 23 Nov 2013 14:31:43 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-23 13:26+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
-"Language: uk\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODINGLanguage: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
"Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr ""
"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑлÑним пÑогÑамам поÑÑÑбна вÑлÑна
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд "
-"вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
-"забезпеÑеннÑ"
+"вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Why Free Software needs Free Documentation"
@@ -36,8 +35,8 @@
"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\">Join our mailing list "
"about the dangers of eBooks</a>."
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\">ÐÑиÑднÑйÑеÑÑ
до"
-"наÑого ÑпиÑÐºÑ ÑозÑилки пÑо небезпеки
елекÑÑонниÑ
книг</a>."
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\">ÐÑиÑднÑйÑеÑÑ
донаÑого "
+"ÑпиÑÐºÑ ÑозÑилки пÑо небезпеки елекÑÑонниÑ
книг</a>."
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "<a href=\"/copyleft/fdl.html\">The GNU Free Documentation License</a>"
@@ -52,14 +51,12 @@
"an important free software package does not come with a free manual, that is "
"a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
msgstr ""
-"ÐайбÑлÑÑе Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
опеÑаÑÑйниÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
не виÑÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑогÑам; "
-"найбÑлÑÑим деÑÑÑиÑом Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбники,
ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ могли б "
-"вклÑÑаÑи в ÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми. ÐагаÑо-ÑÐºÑ Ð· наÑиÑ
найважливÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам не "
-"ÑкомплекÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ "
-"повними ÑнÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑми. ÐокÑменÑаÑÑÑ -
ÑÑÑоÑна ÑаÑÑина бÑдÑ-Ñкого "
-"пакеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам; коли важливий вÑлÑний
Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам не ÑкомплекÑований "
-"вÑлÑним поÑÑбником, Ñе ÑеÑйозна
пÑогалина. СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑакиÑ
"
-"пÑогалин."
+"ÐайбÑлÑÑе Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
опеÑаÑÑйниÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
не виÑÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑогÑам; найбÑлÑÑим "
+"деÑÑÑиÑом Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбники, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ могли
б вклÑÑаÑи в ÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми. ÐагаÑо-"
+"ÑÐºÑ Ð· наÑиÑ
найважливÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам не
ÑкомплекÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑнÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑми. "
+"ÐокÑменÑаÑÑÑ - ÑÑÑоÑна ÑаÑÑина бÑдÑ-Ñкого
пакеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам; коли важливий "
+"вÑлÑний Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам не ÑкомплекÑований
вÑлÑним поÑÑбником, Ñе ÑеÑйозна "
+"пÑогалина. СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑакиÑ
пÑогалин."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -71,7 +68,7 @@
"Ðдного ÑазÑ, багаÑо ÑокÑв ÑомÑ, Ñ Ð´Ñмав пÑо
оÑвоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ Perl. У мене бÑла "
"копÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного поÑÑбника, але ÑиÑаÑи його
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло важко. Ðоли Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñав "
"коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв Perl пÑо алÑÑеÑнаÑиви, менÑ
Ñказали, Ñо Ñ ÑкÑÑнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑдÑÑÑники, "
-" але вони не вÑлÑнÑ."
+"але вони не вÑлÑнÑ."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -81,10 +78,10 @@
"free software community."
msgstr ""
"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñак бÑло? ÐвÑоÑи добÑиÑ
пÑдÑÑÑникÑв
напиÑали ÑÑ
на Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
-"видавниÑÑва Ð'Ð ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ñ ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ, Ñке
опÑблÑкÑвало ÑÑ
на "
-"обмежÑвалÑниÑ
ÑмоваÑ
- копÑÑваÑи Ñа
ÑедагÑваÑи ÑÑ
бÑло "
-"забоÑонено, виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ Ñайли не бÑли
доÑÑÑпнÑ, Ñо виклÑÑало "
-"викоÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ. "
+"видавниÑÑва Ð'Ð ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ñ ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ, Ñке
опÑблÑкÑвало ÑÑ
на обмежÑвалÑниÑ
ÑмоваÑ
"
+"- копÑÑваÑи Ñа ÑедагÑваÑи ÑÑ
бÑло
забоÑонено, виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ Ñайли не бÑли "
+"доÑÑÑпнÑ, Ñо виклÑÑало викоÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²
ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
+"забезпеÑеннÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -98,22 +95,21 @@
msgstr ""
"Такого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð° не в пеÑÑий
Ñаз Ñ (на пÑевеликий Ð¶Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"наÑого ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑва) далеко не в оÑÑаннÑй.
Ð ÑиÑ
пÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð²ÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ "
-"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑв Ñ
ÑпокÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
-"на ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐµÑÑвниÑÑва. ÐагаÑо ÑазÑв менÑ
доводилоÑÑ ÑÑÑи, Ñк коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ GNU "
-"з заÑ
опленнÑм ÑозповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñо поÑÑбник,
Ñкий вÑн пиÑе Ñ Ñким вÑн "
-"збиÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñи пÑоекÑÑ GNU а
поÑÑм вÑн обманÑвав Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÑ, "
-"поÑÑнÑÑÑи Ñим, Ñо вÑн пÑдпиÑав з видавÑем
конÑÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¿Ñо Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° "
-"поÑÑбник, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ не зможемо ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ
ним. "
+"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑв Ñ
ÑпокÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ "
+"кеÑÑвниÑÑва. ÐагаÑо ÑазÑв Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ
ÑÑÑи, Ñк коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ GNU з "
+"заÑ
опленнÑм ÑозповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñо поÑÑбник, Ñкий
вÑн пиÑе Ñ Ñким вÑн збиÑаÑÑÑÑÑ "
+"допомогÑи пÑоекÑÑ GNU а поÑÑм вÑн
обманÑвав Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÑ, поÑÑнÑÑÑи "
+"Ñим, Ñо вÑн пÑдпиÑав з видавÑем конÑÑакÑ
пÑо Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° поÑÑбник, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ "
+"не зможемо ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Given that writing good English is a rare skill among programmers, we can "
"ill afford to lose manuals this way."
msgstr ""
-"ÐважаÑÑи на Ñе, Ñо вмÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑи гаÑноÑ
англÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð·ÑÑÑÑÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ ÑеÑед "
-"пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв неÑаÑÑо, ми навÑÑд Ñи можемо
дозволиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑаÑаÑи "
-"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ "
-"Ñаким Ñином."
+"ÐважаÑÑи на Ñе, Ñо вмÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑи гаÑноÑ
англÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð·ÑÑÑÑÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ "
+"ÑеÑед пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв неÑаÑÑо, ми навÑÑд Ñи
можемо дозволиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑаÑаÑи "
+"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ñаким Ñином."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -126,16 +122,15 @@
"available only on paper. GNU manuals come with permission to copy and "
"modify; the Perl manuals do not. These restrictions are the problems."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑлÑна докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
ознаÑÐ°Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не "
-"ваÑÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑоблема ÑиÑ
книг полÑгала не в
ÑомÑ, Ñо “Ð Ð ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ð»Ñ "
-"ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ” ÑÑÑгÑвала плаÑÑ Ð·Ð°
дÑÑкаÑÑÑÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ñаме по "
-"ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñе не погано. (Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñеж "
-"<a href=\"/doc/doc.html#DescriptionsOfGNUDocumentation\">пÑодаÑ
дÑÑкаÑÑÑÐºÑ "
-"копÑÑ</a>"
-"вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ <a href=\"/doc/doc.html\">докÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU</a>.)
Ðле докÑменÑаÑÑÑ "
-"GNU доÑÑÑпна Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного кодÑ, а ÑÑ
пÑдÑÑÑники — ÑÑлÑки "
-"Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑдÑ. ÐоÑÑбники GNU
дозволено копÑÑваÑи Ñа змÑнÑваÑи; "
-"пÑдÑÑÑники пÑо Perl нÑ. ÐÑоблема
полÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑиÑ
обмеженнÑÑ
."
+"ÐÑлÑна докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
ознаÑÐ°Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не ваÑÑÑÑÑÑ. "
+"ÐÑоблема ÑиÑ
книг полÑгала не в ÑомÑ, Ñо
“Ð Ð ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ð»Ñ ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ” "
+"ÑÑÑгÑвала плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° дÑÑкаÑÑÑкÑ
копÑÑ Ñаме по ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñе не погано. "
+"(Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ
Ñеж <a href=\"/doc/doc."
+"html#DescriptionsOfGNUDocumentation\">пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑкаÑÑÑкÑ
копÑÑ</a>вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ <a "
+"href=\"/doc/doc.html\">докÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU</a>.) Ðле
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU доÑÑÑпна "
+"Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного кодÑ, а ÑÑ
пÑдÑÑÑники — ÑÑлÑки Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ "
+"виглÑдÑ. ÐоÑÑбники GNU дозволено копÑÑваÑи
Ñа змÑнÑваÑи; пÑдÑÑÑники пÑо "
+"Perl нÑ. ÐÑоблема полÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑиÑ
обмеженнÑÑ
."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -145,12 +140,11 @@
"that the manual can accompany every copy of the program, on line or on "
"paper. Permission for modification is crucial too."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи поÑÑбника пÑиблизно
Ñакий же, Ñк кÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи "
-"пÑогÑами: Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑм коÑиÑÑÑваÑам
певниÑ
Ñвобод. "
-"РозповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ (в ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑйне)
Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÑи дозволено Ñаким "
-"Ñином, Ñоб поÑÑбник мÑг ÑÑпÑоводжÑваÑи
ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ "
-"елекÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ на папеÑÑ.
ÐозвÑл вноÑиÑи змÑни Ñеж жиÑÑÑво "
-"важливий. "
+"ÐÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи поÑÑбника пÑиблизно
Ñакий же, Ñк кÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи пÑогÑами: "
+"Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑм коÑиÑÑÑваÑам певниÑ
Ñвобод. Ð
озповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ (в ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÐ»Ñ "
+"комеÑÑÑйне) Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÑи дозволено Ñаким
Ñином, Ñоб поÑÑбник мÑг ÑÑпÑоводжÑваÑи "
+"ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ ÐµÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑонномÑ
виглÑÐ´Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ на папеÑÑ. ÐозвÑл вноÑиÑи "
+"змÑни Ñеж жиÑÑÑво важливий. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -161,8 +155,7 @@
"this one, which describe our actions and our views."
msgstr ""
"У загалÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, Ñо
важливо, аби лÑдÑм бÑло дозволено "
-"змÑнÑваÑи "
-"бÑдÑ-Ñкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸. ÐиÑаннÑ,
пов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð· лÑÑеÑаÑÑÑними "
+"змÑнÑваÑи бÑдÑ-Ñкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸.
ÐиÑаннÑ, пов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð· лÑÑеÑаÑÑÑними "
"ÑвоÑами, не завжди збÑгаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· пиÑаннÑми,
пов'Ñзаними з пÑогÑамами. "
"ÐапÑиклад, Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, Ñо ви або Ñ
зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи дозвÑл змÑнÑваÑи "
"ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк ÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ
або наÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ñди. "
@@ -180,12 +173,12 @@
msgstr ""
"Ðле Ñ Ð¾Ñоблива пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй Ñвобода
змÑни жиÑÑÑво важлива Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. Ðоли лÑди
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвоÑм пÑавом змÑнÑваÑи "
-"пÑогÑами Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ
оÑобливоÑÑÑ, Ñо, ÑкÑо вони "
-"ÑвÑдомÑ, вони бÑдÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑавлÑÑи Ñ
Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñоб з пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ "
-"вони могли надаÑи ÑоÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑнÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ. ÐоÑÑбник, Ñкий "
-"забоÑонÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑам бÑÑи ÑвÑдомими Ñ
завеÑÑÑваÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ñ (або, "
-"ÑоÑнÑÑе, вимагаÑ, Ñоб вони пиÑали новÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð· Ñамого поÑаÑкÑ, ÑкÑо "
-"вони модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами), не
задоволÑнÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебам наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. "
+"пÑогÑами Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ
оÑобливоÑÑÑ, Ñо, ÑкÑо вони ÑвÑдомÑ, "
+"вони бÑдÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑавлÑÑи Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñоб з
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ могли надаÑи "
+"ÑоÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ. ÐоÑÑбник,
Ñкий забоÑонÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑам бÑÑи "
+"ÑвÑдомими Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÑÑÑваÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ñ (або,
ÑоÑнÑÑе, вимагаÑ, Ñоб вони пиÑали "
+"Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð· Ñамого поÑаÑкÑ, ÑкÑо
вони модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами), не "
+"задоволÑнÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебам наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -197,14 +190,14 @@
"to have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, as long as these "
"sections deal with nontechnical topics. (Some GNU manuals have them.)"
msgstr ""
-"ХоÑа повна забоÑона модиÑÑкаÑÑй
непÑийнÑÑна, деÑкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
-"на меÑод модиÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑановлÑÑÑ
пÑоблеми. ÐапÑиклад, ÑÑлком допÑÑÑимо "
-"вимога збеÑÑгаÑи ÑпиÑок авÑоÑÑв або
повÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо авÑоÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñава "
-"пеÑвÑÑного авÑоÑа Ñ ÑмоваÑ
поÑиÑеннÑ.
Також не пÑедÑÑавлÑÑ "
-"пÑоблеми вимога вклÑÑаÑи в змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ
повÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо Ñе, Ñо вони "
-"бÑли змÑненÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ»Ñ ÑоздÑли, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ
дозволено Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñи, Ð½Ñ "
-"змÑнÑваÑи, до ÑиÑ
пÑÑ, поки ÑÑ ÑоздÑли
пÑиÑвÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеÑ
нÑÑним пиÑаннÑм. (У "
-"деÑкиÑ
поÑÑбникаÑ
GNU ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑоздÑли Ñ.)"
+"ХоÑа повна забоÑона модиÑÑкаÑÑй
непÑийнÑÑна, деÑкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
меÑод "
+"модиÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑановлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми.
ÐапÑиклад, ÑÑлком допÑÑÑимо вимога "
+"збеÑÑгаÑи ÑпиÑок авÑоÑÑв або
повÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо авÑоÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñава
пеÑвÑÑного "
+"авÑоÑа Ñ ÑмоваÑ
поÑиÑеннÑ. Також не
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми вимога вклÑÑаÑи в "
+"змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо Ñе, Ñо
вони бÑли змÑненÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ»Ñ "
+"ÑоздÑли, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ дозволено Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñи, нÑ
змÑнÑваÑи, до ÑиÑ
пÑÑ, поки ÑÑ "
+"ÑоздÑли пÑиÑвÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеÑ
нÑÑним пиÑаннÑм.
(У деÑкиÑ
поÑÑбникаÑ
GNU ÑÐ°ÐºÑ "
+"ÑоздÑли Ñ.)"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -213,10 +206,10 @@
"manual to fit the modified program. In other words, they don't block the "
"free software community from making full use of the manual."
msgstr ""
-"Такого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑ
пÑоблеми, бо на пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ "
-"не пеÑеÑкоджаÑÑÑ ÑвÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ
адапÑÑваÑи докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ "
-"змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вони не
заважаÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного "
-"пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
поÑÑбником Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÑÑоÑ. "
+"Такого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑ
пÑоблеми, бо на пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ не "
+"пеÑеÑкоджаÑÑÑ ÑвÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ
адапÑÑваÑи докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ "
+"пÑогÑами. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вони не
заважаÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
+"забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбником
Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÑÑоÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -239,20 +232,19 @@
"that needs filling."
msgstr ""
"Ðа жалÑ, ÑаÑÑо бÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶ÐºÐ¾ знайÑи
кого-небÑдÑ, Ñ
Ñо напиÑав би ÑнÑий "
-"поÑÑбник, коли Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑний поÑÑбник.
СкладнÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑомÑ, "
-"Ñо багаÑо лÑдей дÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑного
поÑÑбника доÑÑаÑнÑо; ÑомÑ"
-" вони не вÑдÑÑваÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑеби напиÑаÑи
вÑлÑний поÑÑбник. Ðони не "
-"ÑозÑмÑÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð²ÑлÑнÑй опеÑаÑÑйнÑй
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ñогалина, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑбно "
-"заповниÑи."
+"поÑÑбник, коли Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑний поÑÑбник.
СкладнÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑомÑ, Ñо багаÑо "
+"лÑдей дÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑного поÑÑбника
доÑÑаÑнÑо; ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ не вÑдÑÑваÑÑÑ "
+"поÑÑеби напиÑаÑи вÑлÑний поÑÑбник. Ðони
не ÑозÑмÑÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð²ÑлÑнÑй "
+"опеÑаÑÑйнÑй ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ñогалина, ÑкÑ
поÑÑÑбно заповниÑи."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Why do users think that proprietary manuals are good enough? Some have not "
"considered the issue. I hope this article will do something to change that."
msgstr ""
-"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð´ÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑноÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑнÑо? "
-"ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñо Ñе пÑоÑÑо не замиÑлÑвалиÑÑ. Я
ÑподÑваÑÑÑ, Ñо ÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ "
-"змÑниÑи ÑÑ ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ."
+"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð´ÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑноÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑнÑо? ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñо Ñе "
+"пÑоÑÑо не замиÑлÑвалиÑÑ. Я ÑподÑваÑÑÑ, Ñо
ÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ змÑниÑи ÑÑ "
+"ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -263,12 +255,12 @@
"which do not include freedom, they are no guide for those of us who do value "
"freedom."
msgstr ""
-"ÐнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
поÑÑбники пÑийнÑÑними з ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶ "
-"пÑиÑини, по ÑкÑй багаÑо Ñ
Ñо вважаÑ
пÑийнÑÑними невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами: вони "
-"ÑозглÑдаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð· ÑÑÑо пÑакÑиÑноÑ
ÑоÑки зоÑÑ, не заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑи кÑиÑеÑÑÑ "
-"Ñвободи. Ð¦Ñ Ð»Ñди вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
дÑмкаÑ
, але
оÑкÑлÑки ÑÑ Ð´Ñмки ÒÑÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ "
-"на ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑнноÑÑей, в ÑкÑй Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ
ÑвободÑ, вони не можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи "
-"зÑазком Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑ
з наÑ, Ñ
Ñо ÑÑнÑÑ ÑвободÑ. "
+"ÐнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
поÑÑбники пÑийнÑÑними з ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶ пÑиÑини, "
+"по ÑкÑй багаÑо Ñ
Ñо Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑийнÑÑними
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами: вони ÑозглÑдаÑÑÑ "
+"пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð· ÑÑÑо пÑакÑиÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑки зоÑÑ, не
заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑи кÑиÑеÑÑÑ Ñвободи. Ð¦Ñ "
+"лÑди вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
дÑмкаÑ
, але оÑкÑлÑки
ÑÑ Ð´Ñмки ÒÑÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
+"ÑÑнноÑÑей, в ÑкÑй Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ,
вони не можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи зÑазком Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑ
з "
+"наÑ, Ñ
Ñо ÑÑнÑÑ ÑвободÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -278,11 +270,11 @@
"documentation will realize, before it is too late, that he must above all "
"make it free."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑозповÑдайÑе лÑдÑм пÑо ÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ. Ðи Ñк Ñ ÑанÑÑе пÑогÑаÑмо "
-"Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбникаÑ
невÑлÑним виданнÑм. ЯкÑо ми
бÑдемо ÑозповÑдаÑи, Ñо "
-"невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ доÑÑаÑнÑо,
можливо, Ñе один ÑоловÑк, Ñкий "
-"Ñ
оÑе допомогÑи GNU ÑкладаннÑм
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, вÑаÑно ÑÑвÑдомиÑÑ, Ñо ÑпеÑÑÑ "
-" вÑн повинен зÑобиÑи ÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ. "
+"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑозповÑдайÑе лÑдÑм пÑо ÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ. Ðи Ñк Ñ ÑанÑÑе пÑогÑаÑмо Ñ "
+"поÑÑбникаÑ
невÑлÑним виданнÑм. ЯкÑо ми
бÑдемо ÑозповÑдаÑи, Ñо невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ "
+"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ доÑÑаÑнÑо, можливо, Ñе
один ÑоловÑк, Ñкий Ñ
оÑе допомогÑи GNU "
+"ÑкладаннÑм докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, вÑаÑно
ÑÑвÑдомиÑÑ, Ñо ÑпеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñн повинен зÑобиÑи "
+"ÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -291,21 +283,19 @@
"distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and prefer copylefted "
"manuals to noncopylefted ones."
msgstr ""
-"Ðи можемо Ñакож закликаÑи комеÑÑÑйниÑ
видавÑÑв пÑодаваÑи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ "
-"поÑÑбники з копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав. Ðдин Ñз ÑпоÑобÑв "
-"допомогÑи "
-"ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевÑÑиÑи Ñмови
ÑозповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбника пеÑед Ñим, "
-"Ñк ви кÑпиÑе його, Ñ Ð²ÑддаваÑи пеÑевагÑ
ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð· авÑоÑÑÑким копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ "
-"книги "
-"без нÑого."
+"Ðи можемо Ñакож закликаÑи комеÑÑÑйниÑ
видавÑÑв пÑодаваÑи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбники з "
+"копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав. Ðдин Ñз ÑпоÑобÑв допомогÑи "
+"ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевÑÑиÑи Ñмови
ÑозповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбника пеÑед Ñим, Ñк ви "
+"кÑпиÑе його, Ñ Ð²ÑддаваÑи пеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð·
авÑоÑÑÑким копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ "
+"книги без нÑого."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Note: We maintain a <a href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\">page that lists "
"free books available from other publishers</a>]."
msgstr ""
-"[ÐÑимÑÑка: Ðи пÑдÑÑимÑÑмо <a
href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\"> "
-"ÑÑоÑÑнкÑ, на ÑкÑй пеÑеÑаÑ
Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ
книги ÑнÑиÑ
видавÑÑв</a>]."
+"[ÐÑимÑÑка: Ðи пÑдÑÑимÑÑмо <a
href=\"/doc/other-free-books.html\"> ÑÑоÑÑнкÑ, "
+"на ÑкÑй пеÑеÑаÑ
Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸ ÑнÑиÑ
видавÑÑв</a>]."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -314,18 +304,18 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
+"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе запиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU
за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:"
-"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Ð Ñакож <a href=\"/contact/"
-"\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзаÑиÑÑ</a> з Ñондом."
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Ð Ñакож <a
href=\"/contact/\">ÑнÑÑ "
+"ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзаÑиÑÑ</a> з Ñондом."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе звÑÑи пÑо невÑÑнÑ
поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ "
"пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><"
@@ -336,14 +326,14 @@
"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
"2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
"
-"2006, 2007, 2009 Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc."
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, "
+"2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://"
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru\">лÑÑензÑÑ Creative
"
@@ -360,4 +350,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist 4 May 2013 17:28:26 -0000 1.9
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist 23 Nov 2013 14:31:43 -0000 1.10
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ro" hreflang="ro"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.ro.html">românÄ</a> [ro]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po 23 Nov 2013 12:27:39 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk.po 23 Nov 2013 14:31:44 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-11-23 13:55+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
-"Language: uk\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODINGLanguage: uk\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.5\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-"ÐопÑлеÑÑ: пÑагмаÑиÑна пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного "
-"пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ"
+"ÐопÑлеÑÑ: пÑагмаÑиÑна пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
+"забезпеÑеннÑ"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism"
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"><strong>Richard "
-"Stallman</strong></a>"
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a>"
@@ -42,25 +41,24 @@
"survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a good person "
"might have. When the goal is a matter of principle, we call that idealism."
msgstr ""
-"Ðожне ÑÑÑеннÑ, Ñке пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑобиÑÑÑÑÑÑ,
Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð· ÑÑнноÑÑей Ñ ÑÑлей"
-"ÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑобиÑÑоÑÑÑ. У лÑдей може бÑÑи багаÑо
ÑÑзниÑ
ÑÑлей Ñ ÑÑнноÑÑей; Ñлава,"
-"пÑибÑÑок, лÑбов, виживаннÑ, Ñозвага Ñ
Ñвобода — оÑÑ ÑÑлÑки"
-"деÑÐºÑ Ð· ÑÑлей, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи Ñ
добÑоÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ñдини. Ðоли"
-"меÑа Ñ ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑипÑ, ми називаÑмо Ñе
пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ."
+"Ðожне ÑÑÑеннÑ, Ñке пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑобиÑÑÑÑÑÑ,
Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð· ÑÑнноÑÑей Ñ ÑÑлейÑÑÑÑ "
+"оÑобиÑÑоÑÑÑ. У лÑдей може бÑÑи багаÑо
ÑÑзниÑ
ÑÑлей Ñ ÑÑнноÑÑей; Ñлава,"
+"пÑибÑÑок, лÑбов, виживаннÑ, Ñозвага Ñ
Ñвобода — оÑÑ ÑÑлÑкидеÑÐºÑ Ð· "
+"ÑÑлей, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑоÑеÑноÑ
лÑдини. ÐолимеÑа Ñ ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑипÑ, ми "
+"називаÑмо Ñе пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading "
-"freedom and cooperation. I want to <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\">encourage free software to "
-"spread</a>, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation, and "
-"thus make our society better."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑа над вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами
моÑивÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑдеалÑÑÑиÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ "
-"меÑÐ¾Ñ ÑозÑиÑеннÑм Ñвободи Ñ
ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. Я Ñ
оÑÑ "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html\"> ÑпÑиÑÑи поÑиÑеннÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
"
-"пÑогÑам</a>, замÑнÑÑÑи невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑонÑÑÑÑ "
-"ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ, Ñ Ñаким Ñином покÑаÑÑваÑи наÑе
ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво."
+"freedom and cooperation. I want to <a href=\"/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"
+"\">encourage free software to spread</a>, replacing proprietary software "
+"that forbids cooperation, and thus make our society better."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑа над вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами
моÑивÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑдеалÑÑÑиÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ñ "
+" ÑозÑиÑеннÑм Ñвободи Ñ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. Я Ñ
оÑÑ <a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"copyleft.html\"> ÑпÑиÑÑи поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам</a>, замÑнÑÑÑи невÑлÑÐ½Ñ "
+"пÑогÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑонÑÑÑÑ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ, Ñ
Ñаким Ñином покÑаÑÑваÑи наÑе "
+"ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -74,18 +72,17 @@
"copyright to give other cooperators an advantage of their own: they can use "
"our code."
msgstr ""
-"У ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñновна пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй
ÐагалÑна гÑомадÑÑка "
-"лÑÑензÑÑ GNU напиÑана Ñак, Ñк вона
напиÑана — Ñк ÑеалÑзаÑÑÑ "
-"<a href=\"/copyleft\">копÑлеÑÑÑ</a>. ÐÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸,
Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ "
-"пÑогÑами пÑд GPL, Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи вÑлÑними
пÑогÑамами, навÑÑÑ ÑкÑо ÑÑ
"
-"ÑозмÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² окÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑайлÑ. Я ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ñ Ñак,
Ñо Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи доÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
-"заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамаÑ
, але не
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð² невÑлÑниÑ
"
-"пÑогÑамаÑ
, Ñоб заоÑ
оÑÑваÑи ÑнÑиÑ
лÑдей,
ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñеж "
-"ÑобиÑи ÑÑ
вÑлÑними. Я ÑозÑмÑÑ, Ñо оÑкÑлÑки
ÑозÑобники невÑлÑниÑ
"
-"пÑогÑам заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво, Ñоб
не даваÑи нам обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ, Ñо ми, "
-"ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑи з ÑнÑими, можемо
заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи авÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво, Ñоб даÑи Ñм "
-"пеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ Ñк лÑдÑм, ÑÐºÑ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·
нами: вони можÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñими "
-"виÑ
Ñдними кодами. "
+"У ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñновна пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй
ÐагалÑна гÑомадÑÑка лÑÑензÑÑ GNU "
+"напиÑана Ñак, Ñк вона напиÑана — Ñк
ÑеалÑзаÑÑÑ <a href=\"/copyleft"
+"\">копÑлеÑÑÑ</a>. ÐÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸, Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾
пÑогÑами пÑд GPL, Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи "
+"вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами, навÑÑÑ ÑкÑо ÑÑ
ÑозмÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² окÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑайлÑ. Я ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ñ "
+"Ñак, Ñо Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи доÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамаÑ
, але не
Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð² невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамаÑ
, Ñоб
заоÑ
оÑÑваÑи ÑнÑиÑ
лÑдей, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ "
+"пÑогÑами, Ñеж ÑобиÑи ÑÑ
вÑлÑними. Я
ÑозÑмÑÑ, Ñо оÑкÑлÑки ÑозÑобники "
+"невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑке
пÑаво, Ñоб не даваÑи нам "
+"обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ, Ñо ми, ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑи з
ÑнÑими, можемо заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи авÑоÑÑÑке "
+"пÑаво, Ñоб даÑи Ñм пеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ Ñк лÑдÑм, ÑкÑ
ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· нами: вони можÑÑÑ "
+"коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñими виÑ
Ñдними кодами. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -94,8 +91,8 @@
"and he responded more or less like this:"
msgstr ""
"Ðе вÑÑкий, Ñ
Ñо коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ GNU GPL,
пеÑеÑлÑдÑÑ ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑ. ÐагаÑо ÑокÑв ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ "
-"одного мого знайомого попÑоÑили
пеÑевипÑÑÑиÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð· копÑлеÑÑом "
-"на ÑмоваÑ
без копÑлеÑÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ñн вÑдповÑв
пÑиблизно Ñак: "
+"одного мого знайомого попÑоÑили
пеÑевипÑÑÑиÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð· копÑлеÑÑом на "
+"ÑмоваÑ
без копÑлеÑÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ñн вÑдповÑв
пÑиблизно Ñак: "
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
msgid ""
@@ -115,11 +112,9 @@
"decided that the GNU GPL was useful for his goal too."
msgstr ""
"У нÑого бÑло Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÑнÑваÑиÑÑ ÑвоÑÑ
ÑобоÑÐ¾Ñ Ð· ÑпÑлÑноÑоÑ, Ñка "
-"обмÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамами, але вÑн не баÑив
пÑиÑин вÑддаваÑи ÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑвÑ, Ñо "
-"випÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑодÑкÑÑÑ, Ñка б пеÑебÑвала за
межами наÑÐ¾Ñ "
-"ÑпÑлÑноÑи. Ðого меÑа бÑла вÑдмÑнна вÑд
моÑÑ, але вÑн виÑÑÑив, Ñо GNU GPL "
-"коÑиÑна "
-"Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ меÑи. "
+"обмÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамами, але вÑн не баÑив
пÑиÑин вÑддаваÑи ÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑвÑ, "
+"Ñо випÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑодÑкÑÑÑ, Ñка б пеÑебÑвала за
межами наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. Ðого меÑа "
+"бÑла вÑдмÑнна вÑд моÑÑ, але вÑн виÑÑÑив, Ñо
GNU GPL коÑиÑна Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ меÑи. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -128,11 +123,10 @@
"other words, you need to be “pragmatic.” Is the GPL pragmatic? "
"Let's look at its results."
msgstr ""
-"ЯкÑо ви Ñ
оÑеÑе в ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ ÑогоÑÑ
доÑÑгÑи, пÑинÑиповоÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ "
-"доÑÑаÑнÑо вам поÑÑÑбно вибÑаÑи
меÑод, Ñкий пÑдÑ
одиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
-"доÑÑÐ³Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑи. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вам
поÑÑÑбно бÑÑи "
-"“пÑагмаÑиÑним”. "
-"Чи пÑагмаÑиÑна GPL? ÐвеÑнемоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑв. "
+"ЯкÑо ви Ñ
оÑеÑе в ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ ÑогоÑÑ
доÑÑгÑи, пÑинÑиповоÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ доÑÑаÑнÑо "
+" вам поÑÑÑбно вибÑаÑи меÑод, Ñкий пÑдÑ
одиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ³Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑи. "
+"ÐнÑими Ñловами, вам поÑÑÑбно бÑÑи
“пÑагмаÑиÑним”. Чи пÑагмаÑиÑна "
+"GPL? ÐвеÑнемоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑв. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -145,14 +139,14 @@
"be linked with GCC, the GPL did apply to them. The benefit to our community "
"is evident."
msgstr ""
-"РозглÑнемо C++ GNU. Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑний
компÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C++? ТÑлÑки "
-"ÑомÑ, Ñо в GNU GPL бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вÑн повинен
бÑÑи вÑлÑний. C++ GNU бÑв "
-"ÑозÑоблений пÑомиÑловим об'ÑднаннÑм, MCC,
Ñке взÑло за оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C "
-"GNU. MCC, Ñк пÑавило, ÑобиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑобоÑÑ
Ñкомога бÑлÑÑе невÑлÑноÑ. Ðле "
-"вони зÑобили ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ C++ вÑлÑноÑ
пÑогÑамоÑ, бо в GNU GPL "
-"бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вони його можÑÑÑ
випÑÑкаÑи ÑÑлÑки Ñак. У ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ C++ "
-"вÑ
одило багаÑо новиÑ
ÑайлÑв, але вони
пÑизнаÑалиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ "
-"з GCC, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ GPL на ниÑ
поÑиÑÑвалаÑÑ. ÐоÑиÑÑÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи оÑевидна."
+"РозглÑнемо C++ GNU. Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑний
компÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C++? ТÑлÑки ÑомÑ, Ñо в "
+"GNU GPL бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вÑн повинен бÑÑи
вÑлÑний. C++ GNU бÑв ÑозÑоблений "
+"пÑомиÑловим об'ÑднаннÑм, MCC, Ñке взÑло за
оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C GNU. MCC, Ñк "
+"пÑавило, ÑобиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑобоÑÑ Ñкомога
бÑлÑÑе невÑлÑноÑ. Ðле вони зÑобили "
+"ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ C++ вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ, бо в GNU GPL
бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вони його "
+"можÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑкаÑи ÑÑлÑки Ñак. У ÑнÑеÑÑейÑ
C++ вÑ
одило багаÑо новиÑ
ÑайлÑв, "
+"але вони пÑизнаÑалиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·
GCC, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ GPL на ниÑ
поÑиÑÑвалаÑÑ. "
+"ÐоÑиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи оÑевидна."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -163,13 +157,11 @@
"requirements, that it was not allowed. And so they made the Objective C "
"front end free software."
msgstr ""
-"РозглÑнемо Objective C GNU. СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð² NeXT Ñ
оÑÑли
зÑобиÑи Ñей "
-"ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑним; вони пÑопонÑвали
випÑÑкаÑи його Ñк Ñайли "
-"<em>.о</em> Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи коÑиÑÑÑваÑам компонÑваÑи
ÑÑ
з ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ GCC, дÑмаÑÑи, Ñо "
-"Ñаким "
-"ÑпоÑобом можна обÑйÑи вимоги GPL. Ðле наÑ
ÑÑиÑÑ Ñказав, Ñо Ñе не знÑме "
-"Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ñо забоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑÑого. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
зÑобили ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ "
-"Objective C вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ. "
+"РозглÑнемо Objective C GNU. СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð² NeXT Ñ
оÑÑли
зÑобиÑи Ñей ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ "
+"невÑлÑним; вони пÑопонÑвали випÑÑкаÑи
його Ñк Ñайли <em>.о</em> Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи "
+"коÑиÑÑÑваÑам компонÑваÑи ÑÑ
з ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ GCC,
дÑмаÑÑи, Ñо Ñаким ÑпоÑобом можна "
+"обÑйÑи вимоги GPL. Ðле Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑиÑÑ Ñказав, Ñо
Ñе не знÑме Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ñо забоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ "
+"ÑÑого. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ зÑобили ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Objective C
вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -189,13 +181,12 @@
"program, but what he actually did was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is "
"free software."
msgstr ""
-"ÐагаÑо бÑблÑоÑек GNU поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐенÑÑй
загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð³ÑомадÑÑкÑй "
-"лÑÑензÑÑ GNU, але не вÑÑ. ÐднÑÑÑ Ð· бÑблÑоÑек
GNU, на ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ "
-"звиÑайна GNU GPL, Ñ GNU Readline, Ñка ÑеалÑзÑÑ "
-"ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑдка. Ðдного ÑазÑ
Ñ Ð´ÑзнавÑÑ Ð¿Ñо невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, "
-"Ñка бÑла ÑпÑоекÑована Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·
Readline, Ñ Ñказав "
-"ÑозÑобникÑ, Ñо Ñе не дозволено. ÐÑн мÑг би
видалиÑи ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ "
-"командного ÑÑдка пÑогÑами, але наÑпÑавдÑ
вÑн в кÑнÑÑ ÐºÑнÑÑв "
+"ÐагаÑо бÑблÑоÑек GNU поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐенÑÑй
загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð³ÑомадÑÑкÑй лÑÑензÑÑ "
+"GNU, але не вÑÑ. ÐднÑÑÑ Ð· бÑблÑоÑек GNU, на ÑкÑ
поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñайна GNU "
+"GPL, Ñ GNU Readline, Ñка ÑеалÑзÑÑ ÑедагÑваннÑ
командного ÑÑдка. Ðдного ÑÐ°Ð·Ñ "
+"Ñ Ð´ÑзнавÑÑ Ð¿Ñо невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, Ñка бÑла
ÑпÑоекÑована Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð· "
+"Readline, Ñ Ñказав ÑозÑобникÑ, Ñо Ñе не
дозволено. ÐÑн мÑг би видалиÑи "
+"ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑдка пÑогÑами,
але наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñн в кÑнÑÑ ÐºÑнÑÑв "
"пеÑевипÑÑÑив ÑÑ Ð¿Ñд GPL. Ð¢ÐµÐ¿ÐµÑ Ñе вÑлÑна
пÑогÑама. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -203,19 +194,17 @@
"The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or Linux, "
"or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or "
"universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to the "
-"community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say, "
-"“Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to share "
-"it; we have decided to turn your improved version into a proprietary "
-"software product.”"
+"community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say, “"
+"Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to share it; we "
+"have decided to turn your improved version into a proprietary software "
+"product.”"
msgstr ""
"ÐÑогÑамÑÑÑи, Ñо пиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ GCC (або
Emacs, або Bash, або Linux, або "
"бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами пÑд GPL), ÑаÑÑо пÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
на компанÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ ÑнÑвеÑÑиÑеÑи. "
-"Ðоли "
-"пÑогÑамÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑе повеÑнÑÑи ÑвоÑ
полÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð°ÑиÑи
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ "
-"ÑекÑÑи "
-"Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑкÑ, ÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ ÑказаÑи:
“ÐоÑÑÑивай-но ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ "
-"ÑекÑÑи належаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼! Ðи не Ñ
оÑемо
обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸; ми виÑÑÑили обеÑнÑÑи "
-"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑний
пÑогÑамний пÑодÑкє."
+"Ðоли пÑогÑамÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑе повеÑнÑÑи ÑвоÑ
полÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð² ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð°ÑиÑи "
+"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑкÑ, ÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ
ÑказаÑи: “ÐоÑÑÑивай-но "
+" ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи належаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼! Ðи не Ñ
оÑемо
обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸; ми виÑÑÑили "
+"обеÑнÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñ
невÑлÑний пÑогÑамний пÑодÑкє."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -229,22 +218,22 @@
"невÑлÑний пÑогÑамний пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð±Ñв би
поÑÑÑеннÑм авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав, Ñ ÑÐµÑ "
"ÑÑвÑдомлÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð½Ñого Ñ ÑÑлÑки два вибоÑи:
випÑÑÑиÑи Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñк "
"вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ не випÑÑкаÑи ÑÑ
взагалÑ. Ðайже
завжди вÑн дозволÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ "
-"вÑиниÑи Ñак, Ñк Ñой веÑÑ ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð² намÑÑ, Ñ ÑÑ
пÑогÑами вклÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² "
-"ÑеÑговий випÑÑк. "
+"вÑиниÑи Ñак, Ñк Ñой веÑÑ ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð² намÑÑ, Ñ ÑÑ
пÑогÑами вклÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑеÑговий "
+"випÑÑк. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU GPL is not Mr. Nice Guy. It says no to some of the things that "
"people sometimes want to do. There are users who say that this is a bad "
"thing—that the GPL “excludes” some proprietary software "
-"developers who “need to be brought into the free software "
-"community.”"
+"developers who “need to be brought into the free software community."
+"”"
msgstr ""
-"GNU GPL не “добÑий дÑдÑко”. Ðона
говоÑиÑÑ <em>нÑ</em>"
-"деÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð· Ñого, Ñо лÑди ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
зÑобиÑи. РкоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ "
-"кажÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñе погано Ñо GPL
“виклÑÑає "
-"деÑкиÑ
ÑозÑобникÑв вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑкиÑ
“поÑÑÑбно ввеÑÑи Ñ "
-"ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннє."
+"GNU GPL не “добÑий дÑдÑко”. Ðона
говоÑиÑÑ <em>нÑ</"
+"em>деÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð· Ñого, Ñо лÑди ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
зÑобиÑи. РкоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶ÑÑÑ, "
+"Ñо Ñе погано Ñо GPL “виклÑÑає
деÑкиÑ
ÑозÑобникÑв "
+"вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑкиÑ
“поÑÑÑбно ввеÑÑи
Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного "
+"пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннє."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -255,10 +244,10 @@
"want to join."
msgstr ""
"Ðле ми не виклÑÑаÑмо ÑÑ
з наÑого гÑомади;
Ñе вони виÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑÑÑпаÑи. ÐÑ
"
-"ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·ÑобиÑи пÑогÑами
невÑлÑними — Ñе ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑаÑиÑÑ "
-"поза наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. ÐеÑебÑваÑи в наÑÑй
гÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ "
-"нам Ñ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ; ми не можемо “ввеÑÑи ÑÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ ”, "
-"ÑкÑо вони не бажаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ. "
+"ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·ÑобиÑи пÑогÑами
невÑлÑними — Ñе ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑаÑиÑÑ
поза "
+"наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. ÐеÑебÑваÑи в наÑÑй
гÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ нам Ñ "
+"ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ; ми не можемо “ввеÑÑи ÑÑ
Ñ
наÑÑ Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ ”, ÑкÑо вони "
+"не бажаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -268,10 +257,10 @@
"won't win 'em all, but it wins some of the time."
msgstr ""
"Що ми <em>можемо</em> ÑобиÑи — Ñе
пÑопонÑваÑи Ñм ÑÑимÑл Ð´Ð»Ñ "
-"пÑиÑднаннÑ. GNU GPL Ñкладена Ñак, Ñоб
ÑÑвоÑÑваÑи ÑÑимÑл з Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ "
-"наÑиÑ
ÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам: “ЯкÑо ви
зÑобиÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами "
-"вÑлÑними, ви можеÑе коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ñим виÑ
Ñдним кодом”. ÐвиÑайно, "
-"Ñе не завоÑÑ ÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑ
, але ÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ñд ÑаÑÑ Ñе
пеÑемагаÑ. "
+"пÑиÑднаннÑ. GNU GPL Ñкладена Ñак, Ñоб
ÑÑвоÑÑваÑи ÑÑимÑл з Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
"
+"ÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам: “ЯкÑо ви зÑобиÑе ÑвоÑ
пÑогÑами вÑлÑними, ви можеÑе "
+"коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ñим виÑ
Ñдним кодом”.
ÐвиÑайно, Ñе не завоÑÑ ÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑ
, але "
+"ÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ñд ÑаÑÑ Ñе пеÑемагаÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -283,15 +272,14 @@
"program will be used by many thousands of people!” The temptation can "
"be powerful, but in the long run we are all better off if we resist it."
msgstr ""
-"РозÑобка невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам не Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑком Ñ
наÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ, але ÑÑ
"
-"ÑозÑобники ÑаÑÑо пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñок.
ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам "
-"можÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑопонÑваÑи винагоÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑамолÑбÑÑва вÑлÑниÑ
ÑозÑобникÑв "
-"пÑогÑам Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÑ —
але може бÑÑи "
-"дÑже заманливо, коли пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво
говоÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼: “ТÑлÑки дайÑе нам "
-"пеÑеÑвоÑиÑи Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑниÑÑкÑ
пÑогÑамÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð±Ñде "
-"коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑиÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей!”
СпокÑÑа може бÑÑи великоÑ, але в "
-"довгоÑÑÑоковÑй пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ вÑÑм бÑде
кÑаÑе, ÑкÑо ми бÑдемо з Ñим "
-"боÑоÑиÑÑ. "
+"РозÑобка невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам не Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑком Ñ
наÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ, але ÑÑ
ÑозÑобники "
+"ÑаÑÑо пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñок. ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам можÑÑÑ "
+"запÑопонÑваÑи винагоÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑамолÑбÑÑва
вÑлÑниÑ
ÑозÑобникÑв пÑогÑам "
+" Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÑ — але може бÑÑи
дÑже заманливо, коли "
+"пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво говоÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼: “ТÑлÑки
дайÑе нам пеÑеÑвоÑиÑи Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ñ "
+"влаÑниÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ
бÑде коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑиÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей!"
+"” СпокÑÑа може бÑÑи великоÑ, але в
довгоÑÑÑоковÑй пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ вÑÑм "
+"бÑде кÑаÑе, ÑкÑо ми бÑдемо з Ñим боÑоÑиÑÑ. "
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -306,14 +294,12 @@
msgstr ""
"СпокÑÑа Ñ ÑиÑк важÑе ÑозпÑзнаÑи, коли вони
вводÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÑÑно, ÑеÑез "
"оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ, Ñо займаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑними
пÑогÑамами, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð·Ñли за пÑавило "
-"поÑÑÑаÑи невÑлÑним пÑогÑамам. ÐаоÑний
пÑиклад — "
-"ÐонÑоÑÑÑÑм X (Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑпадкоÑмеÑÑ, Open Group):
ÑÑнанÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑми, "
-"ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑоблÑли невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, вони
бÑлÑÑе деÑÑÑи ÑокÑв пÑагнÑли "
-"пеÑеконаÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв не коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
копÑлеÑÑом. Ðоли в Open Group "
-"ÑпÑобÑвали <a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\"> зÑобиÑи X11R6.4
невÑлÑним "
-"пÑогÑамним забезпеÑеннÑм</a>, ÑÑ Ð· наÑ, Ñ
Ñо
пеÑед Ñим Ñинив опÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑкÑ, "
-"бÑли "
-"ÑадÑ, Ñо ми Ñе зÑобили."
+"поÑÑÑаÑи невÑлÑним пÑогÑамам. ÐаоÑний
пÑиклад — ÐонÑоÑÑÑÑм X (Ñ "
+"його ÑпадкоÑмеÑÑ, Open Group): ÑÑнанÑованÑ
компанÑÑми, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑоблÑли "
+"невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, вони бÑлÑÑе деÑÑÑи
ÑокÑв пÑагнÑли пеÑеконаÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв "
+"не коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑлеÑÑом. Ðоли в Open Group
ÑпÑобÑвали <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/x.html\"> зÑобиÑи X11R6.4 невÑлÑним
пÑогÑамним забезпеÑеннÑм</a>, "
+"ÑÑ Ð· наÑ, Ñ
Ñо пеÑед Ñим Ñинив опÑÑ ÑÑомÑ
ÑиÑкÑ, бÑли ÑадÑ, Ñо ми Ñе зÑобили."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -325,11 +311,11 @@
"<em>possible</em>."
msgstr ""
"У веÑеÑÐ½Ñ 1998 ÑокÑ, ÑеÑез кÑлÑка мÑÑÑÑÑв
пÑÑÐ»Ñ Ñого, Ñк ÑиÑÑема "
-"X11R6.4 бÑла випÑÑена пÑд невÑлÑними Ñмовами
поÑиÑеннÑ, Open Group "
-"ÑкаÑÑвала ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевипÑÑÑила
пÑд ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶ лÑÑензÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
"
-"пÑогÑам без копÑлеÑÑÑ, Ñкий
заÑÑоÑовÑвалаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ X11R6.3. СпаÑибÑ, Open "
-"Group — але Ñе наÑÑÑпне ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑпÑоÑÑовÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑновкÑв, ÑÐºÑ "
-"ми Ñобимо з Ñого ÑакÑÑ, Ñо додаваннÑ
Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло <em>можливим</em>."
+"X11R6.4 бÑла випÑÑена пÑд невÑлÑними Ñмовами
поÑиÑеннÑ, Open Group ÑкаÑÑвала "
+"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевипÑÑÑила пÑд ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶
лÑÑензÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам без "
+"копÑлеÑÑÑ, Ñкий заÑÑоÑовÑвалаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ X11R6.3.
СпаÑибÑ, Open Group "
+"— але Ñе наÑÑÑпне ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑпÑоÑÑовÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑновкÑв, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ Ñобимо з "
+"Ñого ÑакÑÑ, Ñо Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло
<em>можливим</em>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -339,33 +325,30 @@
"strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you will fall for "
"anything.”"
msgstr ""
-"ÐажÑÑи пÑагмаÑиÑно, ÑоздÑми пÑо
довгоÑÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑилÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ "
-"Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ пÑоÑиÑÑоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑкÑ. ЯкÑо ви
зоÑеÑедиÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ñмки на "
-"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ, Ñке ви можеÑе
побÑдÑваÑи, залиÑаÑÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ñ
иÑним, "
-"ви знайдеÑе в ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñили Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого.
“ÐÑдÑÑоÑйÑе Ñо-небÑдÑ, або ви "
-"залиÑиÑеÑÑ Ð½Ñ Ð· Ñим”."
+"ÐажÑÑи пÑагмаÑиÑно, ÑоздÑми пÑо
довгоÑÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑилÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾
"
+"пÑоÑиÑÑоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑкÑ. ЯкÑо ви
зоÑеÑедиÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ñмки на ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ "
+"ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ, Ñке ви можеÑе побÑдÑваÑи,
залиÑаÑÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ñ
иÑним, ви знайдеÑе в "
+"ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñили Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого. “ÐÑдÑÑоÑйÑе
Ñо-небÑдÑ, або ви залиÑиÑеÑÑ Ð½Ñ Ð· "
+"Ñим”."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if "
-"“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only "
-"ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same."
+"And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if “hard-"
+"nosed realists” say that profit is the only ideal…just ignore "
+"them, and use copyleft all the same."
msgstr ""
-"Ð ÑкÑо ÑинÑки виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ, Ñо
виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ... ÑкÑо "
-"“ÑвеÑÐ´Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ñ ÑеалÑÑÑи” кажÑÑÑ, Ñо
Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÑÑкиÑ
ÑдеалÑв, кÑÑм "
-"пÑибÑÑкÑ... пÑоÑÑо не звеÑÑайÑе на ниÑ
Ñваги Ñ Ð²Ñе одно коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ "
-"копÑлеÑÑом."
+"Ð ÑкÑо ÑинÑки виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ, Ñо
виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ... ÑкÑо “"
+"ÑвеÑÐ´Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ñ ÑеалÑÑÑи” кажÑÑÑ, Ñо немаÑ
нÑÑкиÑ
ÑдеалÑв, кÑÑм пÑибÑÑкÑ... "
+"пÑоÑÑо не звеÑÑайÑе на ниÑ
Ñваги Ñ Ð²Ñе
одно коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑлеÑÑом."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"This essay is published in <a "
-"href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free "
-"Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard "
-"M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-"
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
msgstr ""
-"Цей наÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ñв опÑблÑкований Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free"
-"-"
-"software-free-society/\"><cite>ÐÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами
вÑлÑне "
+"Цей наÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ñв опÑблÑкований Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/"
+"free-software-free-society/\"><cite>ÐÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами
вÑлÑне "
"ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво: ÐибÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑи Ð
ÑÑаÑда Ð. СÑолмена</cite></a>"
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -375,38 +358,37 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
-"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a "
-"href=\"mailto:"
-"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ñакож <a
href=\"/contact/"
-"\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом. ÐвÑÑи
пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ "
-"ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ñакож
<a href=\"/"
+"contact/\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ "
+"Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:"
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+#
+#
+#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
-#
#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
-#
#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи "
"можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ "
@@ -421,9 +403,9 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://"
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru\">лÑÑензÑÑ Creative
"
@@ -440,4 +422,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html
diff -N gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/linux-and-gnu.uk.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:37 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Linux Ñ GNU - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix,
+вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема, ÑдÑо
GNU HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Ð 1983 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸
ÑозÑоблÑÑмо GNU, опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÑÑилÑ
Unix, Ñоб Ñ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв могла бÑÑи
Ñвобода обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамами, Ñкими
+вони коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑаÑÑваÑи ÑÑ
." />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>Linux Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU</h2>
+
+<p><strong> <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>ÐодÑобивÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° знайÑи на
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
<a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">“ЧаРGNU/Linux”</a> Ñа <a
+href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">“Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ GNU/Linux?”</a></p>
+ </blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+ÐагаÑо коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв кожен
Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">ÑиÑÑеми GNU</a>
навÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+ÑÑвÑдомлÑÑÑи ÑÑого. Ð ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ñобливого
повоÑоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñй веÑÑÑÑ GNU, ÑкÑ
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑиÑоко викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ, ÑаÑÑо
називаÑÑÑÑÑ “Linux”, Ñ
+багаÑÑом з ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв <a
href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">
+не вÑдомо</a>, Ñо в оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñе ÑиÑÑема GNU,
ÑозÑоблена <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">пÑоекÑом GNU</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Там дÑйÑно Ñ Linux, Ñ ÑÑ Ð»Ñди викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑ, але Ñе ÑÑлÑки ÑаÑÑина
+ÑиÑÑеми, ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ. Linux —
Ñе ÑдÑо —
+ÑиÑÑемна пÑогÑама, Ñо видÑлÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑÑи
ÑнÑим пÑогÑамам, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸
+запÑÑкаÑÑе. ЯдÑо важлива ÑаÑÑина
опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми, але Ñаме
+по ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ даÑемне; воно може
ÑÑнкÑÑонÑваÑи ÑÑлÑки в ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ
+опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми. Linux зазвиÑай
заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð±ÑнаÑÑÑ Ð· опеÑаÑÑйноÑ
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ GNU: вÑÑ ÑиÑÑема ÑвлÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð²
оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ GNU з додаваннÑм Linux,
+ÑобÑо GNU/Linux. ÐÑÑ Ñак Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑибÑÑиви
“Linux” наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ñ
+диÑÑÑибÑÑивами GNU/Linux. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐагаÑо коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв не ÑозÑмÑÑÑÑ, Ñ ÑомÑ
ÑÑзниÑÑ Ð¼Ñж ÑдÑом, ÑобÑо Linux, Ñ
+ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ Ñакож називаÑÑÑ
“Linux”. ÐеоднознаÑне
+Ð²Ð¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ не ÑпÑиÑÑ ÑозÑмÑÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑого.
Ð¦Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ ÑаÑÑо дÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо
+ÐÑнÑÑ Ð¢Ð¾ÑвалÑÐ´Ñ ÑозÑобив ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑйнÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ 1991 ÑоÑÑ, йомÑ
+ÑÑлÑки ÑÑоÑ
и допомогли. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑогÑамÑÑÑи, по ÑÑÑÑ, знаÑÑÑ, Ñо Linux —
Ñе ÑдÑо. Ðле оÑкÑлÑки
+вони неÑÑдко ÑÑли, Ñк вÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñеж
називаÑÑÑ “Linux”, вони
+ÑаÑÑо ÑÑвлÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ, Ñка
випÑавдала б найменÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми по
+ÑдÑÑ. ÐапÑиклад, багаÑо Ñ
Ñо дÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñк
ÑÑлÑки ÐÑнÑÑ Ð¢Ð¾ÑвалÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñав
+Linux (ÑдÑо), його коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑнÑлиÑÑ
навколо поÑÑкаÑ
ÑнÑиÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
+пÑогÑам, Ñоб пÑаÑÑваÑи з ним, Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñвили, Ñо
(без ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð± Ñо не бÑло оÑобливоÑ
+пÑиÑини) майже вÑе необÑ
Ñдне Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ñдови
ÑиÑÑеми ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Unix вже пÑд ÑÑкоÑ. </p>
+
+<p>
+Те, Ñо вони виÑвили, не бÑло
випадковÑÑÑÑ — Ñе бÑла не зовÑÑм
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ GNU. ÐоÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">вÑлÑнÑ
+пÑогÑами</a> ÑклалиÑÑ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ, бо
пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU пÑаÑÑвав над Ñим з
+1984 ÑокÑ. <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">“ÐанÑÑеÑÑÑ
+GNU”</a> ми поÑÑавили за меÑÑ ÑозÑобиÑи
вÑлÑÐ½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Unix пÑд
+Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ GNU. <a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">“ÐеÑвÑÑне
+оголоÑеннє</a> пÑоекÑÑ GNU Ñакож окÑеÑлÑÑ
деÑÐºÑ Ð· поÑаÑковиÑ
планÑв
+по ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU. Ðо Ñого ÑаÑÑ, коли поÑалаÑÑ
ÑозÑобка Linux, GNU бÑла майже
+завеÑÑена.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐеÑа бÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑв по ÑÑвоÑеннÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам - ÑозÑобка певноÑ
+пÑогÑами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ. ÐапÑиклад,
ÐÑнÑÑ Ð¢Ð¾ÑвалÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑив напиÑаÑи
+Linux, ÑдÑо ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Unix; ÐоналÑд ÐнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑив
напиÑаÑи TeX, пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑки
+ÑекÑÑÑ; Ðоб ШейÑÐ»ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑив ÑозÑобиÑи
вÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ (ÑиÑÑемÑ
+X Window). ÐÑиÑодно вимÑÑÑваÑи внеÑок
Ñакого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑеÑними
+пÑогÑамами, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑийÑли з ÑÑого пÑоекÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ЯкÑо б ми ÑпÑобÑвали вимÑÑÑÑи Ñаким Ñином
внеÑок пÑоекÑÑ GNU, до Ñкого б
+виÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ пÑийÑли? Ðдин з поÑÑаÑалÑникÑв
компакÑ-диÑкÑв вÑÑановив, Ñо в ÑÑ
+“диÑÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Linux” <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">пÑогÑами
GNU</a>
+найбÑлÑÑий Ñдиний маÑив близÑко 28%
вÑÑого виÑ
Ñдного кодÑ; до ÑÑ
+ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñ
одÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÐºÑ ÑÑÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñи,
без ÑкиÑ
не могло б бÑÑи; влаÑне
+Linux ÑÑановиÑÑ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñко 3%. (У 2008 ÑоÑÑ
пÑопоÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ
ожÑ: ÑоздÑл
+“main” gNewSense Linux ÑÑановиÑÑ 1,5%, а
+GNU — 15%.) ÐÑже, ÑкÑо б ви збиÑалиÑÑ
вибÑаÑи Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ñ ÑиÑÑеми на
+пÑдÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ñого, Ñ
Ñо напиÑав пÑогÑами в ÑÑй
ÑиÑÑемÑ, найвÑдповÑднÑÑим вибоÑом
+одного компоненÑа бÑло б “GNU”.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðле можна поглÑнÑÑи глибÑе. ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU не
бÑв Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑом по ÑозÑобÑÑ
+певниÑ
пакеÑÑв пÑогÑам. Це не бÑв пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ <a
href="/software/gcc/">по
+ÑозÑобÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑлÑÑоÑа C</a>, Ñ
оÑа ми зÑобили
Ñе. Це не бÑв пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑозÑобÑÑ
+ÑекÑÑового ÑедакÑоÑа, Ñ
оÑа ми ÑозÑобили
його. ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU поÑÑановив
+ÑозÑобиÑи <em>Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑйнÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Unix</em>: GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐагаÑо оÑÑб зÑобили ÑеÑйозний внеÑок Ñ
вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами ÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми, Ñ Ð²ÑÑ
+вони заÑлÑговÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð´ÑÑноÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑвоÑ
пÑогÑами. Ðле пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй Ñе Ñ
+<em>ÑÑлÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ</em> а не ÑÑлÑки
набоÑом коÑиÑниÑ
+пÑогÑам Ñе, Ñо пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU поÑÑановив
зÑобиÑи Ñе ÑакоÑ
+ÑиÑÑемоÑ. Ðи Ñклали ÑпиÑок пÑогÑам, необÑ
ÑдниÑ
, Ñоб вÑлÑна ÑиÑÑема бÑла
+<em>повноÑ</em>, Ñ ÑиÑÑемаÑиÑно вÑдÑÑкÑвали,
пиÑали або вÑдÑÑкÑвали лÑдей
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑого, Ñо ÑÑоÑло в ÑпиÑкÑ.
Ðи напиÑали ÑÑÑоÑнÑ, але не
+вÑажаÑÑÑ<a href="#unexciting">(1)</a> компоненÑи, ÑомÑ
Ñо без ниÑ
не можна
+оÑÑимаÑи ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð· компоненÑÑв
наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми (заÑоби пÑогÑамÑваннÑ)
+ÑÑали попÑлÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеÑед
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, але ми напиÑали багаÑо
+компоненÑÑв, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñобами ÑозÑобки<a
href="#nottools">(2)</a>. Ðи
+навÑÑÑ ÑозÑобили пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑгÑи в ÑаÑ
и,
GNU Chess, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо в повнÑй
+ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑгÑи Ñеж Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи. </p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо поÑаÑÐºÑ Ð´ÐµÐ²'ÑноÑÑиÑ
ми Ñклали вÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемÑ, кÑÑм ÑдÑа. Ðи пÑиÑÑÑпили Ñ Ð´Ð¾
+ÑдÑа, <a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, Ñке пÑаÑÑÑ
на
+Mach. РозÑобка ÑÑого ÑдÑа йÑла набагаÑо
важÑе, нÑж ми оÑÑкÑвали; <a
+href="/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html">ÑдÑо GNU Hurd
+ÑÑало надÑйно пÑаÑÑваÑи в 2001 ÑоÑÑ</a>, але
воно далеко не гоÑове длÑ
+загалÑного коÑиÑÑÑваннÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðа ÑаÑÑÑ, завдÑки Linux нам не довелоÑÑ
ÑекаÑи Hurd. Ðоли ТоÑвалÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑÑив
+Linux в 1992 ÑоÑÑ, Ñе заповнило оÑÑаннÑй
ÑеÑйозний пÑобÑл Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ
+GNU. Ð¢Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð»Ñди змогли поÑднÑваÑи Linux з
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ GNU <a
+href="#ft1">[1]</a>, Ñоб ÑклаÑÑи Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ
ÑиÑÑемÑ: веÑÑÑÑ GNU, Ñка
+мÑÑÑила Ñакож Linux; ÑнÑими Ñловами, ÑиÑÑемÑ
GNU/Linux. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐмÑÑиÑи ÑÑ
пÑаÑÑваÑи Ñазом не бÑло пÑоÑÑоÑ
задаÑеÑ. ÐеÑÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñи GNU<a
+href="#somecomponents">(3)</a> вимагали ÑÑÑоÑниÑ
змÑн,
Ñоб вони пÑаÑÑваÑи з
+Linux. Ðб'ÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÑдиномÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑ, Ñкий би пÑаÑÑвав
+“без пÑдгонки”, бÑло Ñеж великоÑ
ÑобоÑоÑ. Це вимагало виÑÑÑеннÑ
+пиÑанÑ, пов'ÑзаниÑ
Ñз вÑÑановленнÑм Ñ
заванÑаженнÑм ÑиÑÑеми
+пÑоблема, за ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ñе не вÑ
опилиÑÑ,
ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑого поки не
+дÑйÑли ÑÑки. Таким Ñином, лÑди, ÑкÑ
ÑозÑобили ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑибÑÑиви ÑиÑÑеми,
+виконали Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ ÑобоÑÑ. Ðле Ñе
бÑло ÑобоÑоÑ, ÑкÑ, по ÑамÑй пÑиÑодÑ
+ÑеÑей,обов'Ñзково Ñ
Ñо-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð² би. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU, пÑдÑÑимÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми GNU/Linux Ñак Ñамо
добÑе, Ñк
+<em>ÑамÑ</em>ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU. <a href="http://fsf.org/">ФÐÐÐ</a>
ÑÑнанÑÑвав
+доопÑаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑозÑиÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑблÑоÑеки GNU C,
пов'ÑзаниÑ
з Linux, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑепеÑ
+вони добÑе пÑдÑÐ³Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ до одного, Ñ
найновÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми GNU/Linux
+викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑоÑÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑблÑоÑеки
без змÑн. ФÐÐÐ ÑÑнанÑÑвав Ñакож на
+ÑаннÑй ÑÑадÑÑ ÑозÑÐ¾Ð±ÐºÑ Debian GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑÑзниÑ
ваÑÑанÑÑв
ÑиÑÑеми GNU/Linux (ÑаÑÑо званиÑ
+“диÑÑÑибÑÑивами»). ÐÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· ниÑ
вклÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
+пÑогÑами ÑÑ
ÑозÑобники йдÑÑÑ
ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑ Linux, а не GNU. Ðле Ñ Ñ
+<a href="/диÑÑÑибÑÑиви/distros.html">повнÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑиви
+GNU/Linux</a>. ФÐÐÐ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ ÑеÑ
нÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑеÑÑÑÑи длÑ
двоÑ
з ÑиÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑв, <a
+href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a>, <a
+href="http://gnewsense.org/">gNewSense</a>. </p>
+
+<p>Щоб ÑÑвоÑиÑи вÑлÑний диÑÑÑибÑÑив GNU/Linux,
недоÑÑаÑнÑо пÑоÑÑо виклÑÑиÑи
+ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Рданий ÑаÑ
звиÑайна веÑÑÑÑ Linux Ñеж мÑÑÑиÑÑ
+невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Ð¦Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами пÑизнаÑенÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² пÑиÑÑÑоÑ
+введеннÑ-виведеннÑ, коли ÑиÑÑема
заванÑажÑÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ вклÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑдÑ
+довгиÑ
поÑлÑдовноÑÑей ÑиÑел Ñ “виÑ
Ñдний код” Linux. Таким Ñином,
+пÑдÑÑимка вÑлÑниÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑв GNU/Linux
заÑаз вклÑÑÐ°Ñ Ñакож Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐºÑ <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux">вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ
Linux</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Чи викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑе ви GNU/Linux Ñи нÑ, не
вводÑÑе гÑомадÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð² оманÑ
+двознаÑним вживаннÑм назви “Linux”.
Linux — Ñе ÑдÑо,
+одна з необÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑкладовиÑ
ÑиÑÑеми.
СиÑÑема в ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ñ — Ñе в
+оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU з додаваннÑм Linux. Ðоли
ви говоÑиÑе пÑо Ñе
+ÑполÑÑеннÑ, Ñо, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, називайÑе його
“GNU/Linux”.</p>
+
+<p>
+ЯкÑо ви Ñ
оÑеÑе поÑлаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ñдок на
“GNU/Linux”, ÑÑÑÑоÑÑнка
+Ñ <a
+href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a>
+- Ñ
оÑоÑÑ Ð¿Ñиклади. ЯкÑо ви згадÑÑÑе
Linux(ÑдÑо) Ñ Ñ
оÑеÑе додаÑи поÑиланнÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ñдок, <a
+href="http://foldoc.org/linux">http://foldoc.org/foldoc/linux</a> - Ñ
оÑоÑа
+адÑеÑа длÑÑÑого.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐодаÑок: кÑÑм GNU бÑв Ñе один пÑоекÑ, Ñкий
ÑÑвоÑив незалежно вÑлÑнÑ
+опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ñ Unix. Ð¦Ñ ÑиÑÑема
вÑдома Ñк BSD. Ðона бÑла ÑозÑоблена
+в ÐалÑÑоÑнÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑнÑвеÑÑиÑеÑÑ Ð² ÐеÑклÑ
Ñ ÑпеÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ñ
+вÑÑÑмдеÑÑÑÑ, але ÑÑала вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° поÑаÑкÑ
дев'ÑноÑÑиÑ
. ÐÑдÑ-Ñка з вÑлÑниÑ
+опеÑаÑÑйниÑ
ÑиÑÑем, ÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑогоднÑ,<a
href="#newersystems">(4)</a> майже
+напевно Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÑанÑом ÑиÑÑеми GNU, або
ÑÑзновидом ÑиÑÑеми BSD.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñи Ñ BSD Ñакож веÑÑÑÑÑ GNU,
подÑбно GNU/Linux. РозÑобники
+BSD зÑобили ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами вÑлÑними,
наÑлÑдÑÑÑи пÑиклад пÑоекÑÑ GNU, Ñ
+вÑдкÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ акÑивÑÑÑÑв GNU допомогли
пеÑеконаÑи ÑÑ
, але Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑдниÑ
+кодаÑ
пÑогÑам мало ÑпÑлÑниÑ
мÑÑÑÑ Ð· кодами
GNU. СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑеми BSD
+викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами GNU Ñак Ñамо,
Ñк ÑиÑÑема GNU Ñ ÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑанÑи
+коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑкими пÑогÑамами BSD; пÑоÑе
в ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñе Ð´Ð²Ñ ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑеми,
+ÑÐºÑ ÑозвивалиÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÑемо. РозÑобники BSD не
додали ÑдÑо в ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU,
+ÑозÑобивÑи його, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð° ÑипÑ
“GNU/BSD” не пÑдÑйÑла б до
+ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ<a href="#gnubsd">(5)</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐÑимÑÑки:</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<a id="неÑÑкавий"></a>Ð¦Ñ Ð½Ðµ вÑажаÑÑÑ, але
ÑÑÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñи вклÑÑаÑÑÑ
+аÑÐµÐ¼Ð±Ð»ÐµÑ GAS Ñ ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð²'ÑзкÑв GLD GNU, ÑкÑ
заÑаз обидва вÑ
одÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ
+<a href="/software/binutils/">GNU Binutils</a>, <a href="/software/tar/">GNU
+tar</a>, Ñа ÑнÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="nottools"></a>ÐапÑиклад, Bourne Again SHell (BASH),
ÑнÑеÑпÑеÑаÑоÑ
+мови PostScript <a
+href="/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html">Ghostscript</a> Ñа <a
+href="/software/libc/libc.html">бÑблÑоÑека C GNU</a> не Ñ
заÑобами
+пÑогÑамÑваннÑ. Також до ниÑ
не вÑдноÑÑÑÑÑÑ
GNUCash, GNOME Ñ GNU Chess.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="somecomponents"></a>ÐапÑиклад, <a
+href="/software/libc/libc.html">бÑблÑоÑека C GNU</a>.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="newersystems"></a>Ð ÑиÑ
пÑÑ, Ñк бÑли напиÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑ
ÑÑдки, бÑла
+ÑозÑоблена майже повнÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑна
опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема, подÑбна Windows, але з
+ÑеÑ
нÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑки зоÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð° зовÑÑм не ÑÑ
ожа
з GNU або Unix, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ñе
+до ÑпÑави не вÑдноÑиÑÑÑÑ. ЯдÑо Solaris
здебÑлÑÑого зÑобили вÑлÑним, але ÑкÑо
+б ви заÑ
оÑÑли зÑобиÑи з нÑого вÑлÑнÑ
ÑиÑÑемÑ, кÑÑм замÑни вÑдÑÑÑнÑÑ
ÑаÑÑин
+ÑдÑа, вам ÑÑеба бÑло б Ñакож поклаÑÑи ÑÑ Ð²
GNU або BSD.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="gnubsd"></a>Ð ÑнÑого бокÑ, за Ñоки, Ñо минÑли
з ÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑаÑÑÑ, бÑблÑоÑека C GNU бÑла пеÑенеÑена на
кÑлÑка веÑÑÑй ÑдÑа BSD, Ñо
+дозволило напÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð·'ÑднÑваÑи ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU з
Ñим ÑдÑом. Як Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð·
+GNU/Linux, Ñе дÑйÑно ваÑÑанÑи GNU Ñ ÑомÑ
називаÑÑÑÑÑ GNU/kFreeBSD Ñ
+GNU/kNetBSD залежно вÑд ÑдÑа ÑиÑÑеми.ÐвиÑайнÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ ÑиповиÑ
наÑÑÑлÑниÑ
+комп'ÑÑеÑÑв з ÑÑÑдноÑами можÑÑÑ
вÑдÑÑзниÑиGNU/Linux вÑд GNU/*BSD.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÑÑ —
Ðез
+поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:37 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.uk-en.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:38 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Linux and GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Linux and the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>For more information see also
+the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>,
+and <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></p>
+ </blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Many computer users run a modified version of
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">the GNU system</a>
+every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events,
+the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called
+“Linux”, and many of its users
+are <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"> not aware</a>
+that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU Project</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just
+a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in
+the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other
+programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an
+operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the
+context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in
+combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is
+basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called
+“Linux” distributions are really distributions of
+GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which
+is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call
+“Linux”. The ambiguous use of the name doesn't help
+people understand. These users often think that Linus Torvalds
+developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a bit of help.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they
+have generally heard the whole system called “Linux” as well, they
+often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system
+after the kernel. For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds
+finished writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other
+free software to go with it, and found that (for no particular reason)
+most everything necessary to make a Unix-like system was already
+available.</p>
+
+<p>
+What they found was no accident—it was the not-quite-complete GNU
+system. The available <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project
+had been working since 1984 to make one. In
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html"> The GNU Manifesto</a> we set forth
+the goal of developing a free Unix-like
+system, called GNU. The <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">
+Initial Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the
+original plans for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU
+was almost finished.</p>
+
+<p>
+Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular
+program for a particular job. For example, Linus Torvalds set out to
+write a Unix-like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text
+formatter (TeX); Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the
+X Window System). It's natural to measure the contribution of this
+kind of project by specific programs that came from the project.</p>
+
+<p>
+If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way,
+what would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their “Linux
+distribution”, <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">GNU
+software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the
+total source code, and this included some of the essential major
+components without which there could be no system. Linux itself was
+about 3%. (The proportions in 2008 are similar: in the “main”
+repository of gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% and GNU packages are 15%.)
+So if you were going to pick a name for the system based on
+who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single
+choice would be “GNU”.</p>
+
+<p>
+But that is not the deepest way to consider the question. The GNU
+Project was not, is not, a project to develop specific software
+packages. It was not a project <a href="/software/gcc/"> to
+develop a C compiler</a>, although we did that. It was not a project
+to develop a text editor, although we developed one. The GNU Project
+set out to develop <em>a complete free Unix-like system</em>: GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the
+system, and they all deserve credit for their software. But the
+reason it is <em>an integrated system</em>—and not just a
+collection of useful programs—is because the GNU Project set out
+to make it one. We made a list of the programs needed to make
+a <em>complete</em> free system, and we systematically found, wrote,
+or found people to write everything on the list. We wrote essential
+but unexciting
+<a href="#unexciting">(1)</a> components because you can't have a system
+without them. Some of our system components, the programming tools,
+became popular on their own among programmers, but we wrote many
+components that are not tools <a href="#nottools">(2)</a>. We even
+developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs
+games too.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the
+kernel. We had also started a kernel, the
+<a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of
+Mach. Developing this kernel has been a lot harder than we expected;
+<a href="/software/hurd/hurd/documentation/hurd-and-linux.html">the
+GNU Hurd started working reliably in 2001</a>, but it is a long way
+from being ready for people to use in general.</p>
+
+<p>
+Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.
+Once Torvalds freed Linux in 1992, it fit into the last major gap in
+the GNU system. People could
+then <a
href="http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01">
+combine Linux with the GNU system</a> to make a complete free system
+— a version of the GNU system which also contained Linux. The
+GNU/Linux system, in other words.</p>
+
+<p>
+Making them work well together was not a trivial job. Some GNU
+components<a href="#somecomponents">(3)</a> needed substantial change
+to work with Linux. Integrating a complete system as a distribution
+that would work “out of the box” was a big job, too. It
+required addressing the issue of how to install and boot the
+system—a problem we had not tackled, because we hadn't yet
+reached that point. Thus, the people who developed the various system
+distributions did a lot of essential work. But it was work that, in
+the nature of things, was surely going to be done by someone.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU
+system. The <a href="http://fsf.org/">FSF</a> funded the rewriting of
+the Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they
+are well integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current
+library release with no changes. The FSF also funded an early stage
+of the development of Debian GNU/Linux.</p>
+
+<p>
+Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often
+called “distros”). Most of them include non-free
+software—their developers follow the philosophy associated with
+Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also
+<a href="/distros/">completely free GNU/Linux distros</a>. The FSF
+supports computer facilities for two of these
+distributions, <a href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a>
+and <a href="http://gnewsense.org/">gNewSense</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of
+eliminating various non-free programs. Nowadays, the usual version of
+Linux contains non-free programs too. These programs are intended to
+be loaded into I/O devices when the system starts, and they are
+included, as long series of numbers, in the "source code" of Linux.
+Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux distributions now entails maintaining
+a <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
+Linux</a> too.</p>
+
+<p>Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public
+by using the name “Linux” ambiguously. Linux is the
+kernel, one of the essential major components of the system. The
+system as a whole is basically the GNU system, with Linux added. When
+you're talking about this combination, please call it
+“GNU/Linux”.</p>
+
+<p>
+If you want to make a link on “GNU/Linux” for further
+reference, this page and <a href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices. If
+you mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further
+reference, <a href="http://foldoc.org/linux">http://foldoc.org/linux</a>
+is a good URL to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+Addendum: Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced
+a free Unix-like operating system. This system is known as BSD, and
+it was developed at UC Berkeley. It was non-free in the 80s, but
+became free in the early 90s. A free operating system that exists
+today<a href="#newersystems">(4)</a> is almost certainly either a
+variant of the GNU system, or a kind of BSD system.</p>
+
+<p>
+People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like
+GNU/Linux. The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free
+software by the example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from
+GNU activists helped persuade them, but the code had little overlap
+with GNU. BSD systems today use some GNU programs, just as the GNU
+system and its variants use some BSD programs; however, taken as
+wholes, they are two different systems that evolved separately. The
+BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system,
+and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a
+href="#gnubsd">(5)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Notes:</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>
+<a id="unexciting"></a>These unexciting but essential components
+include the GNU assembler, GAS and the linker, GLD, both
+are now part of the <a href="/software/binutils/">GNU Binutils</a>
+package, <a href="/software/tar/">GNU tar</a>, and more.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="nottools"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH),
+the PostScript interpreter
+<a href="/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html">Ghostscript</a>, and the
+<a href="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C library</a> are not
+programming tools. Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU Chess.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="somecomponents"></a>For instance, the
+<a href="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C library</a>.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="newersystems"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free
+Windows-like system has been developed, but technically it is not at
+all like GNU or Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue. Most of
+the kernel of Solaris has been made free, but if you wanted to make a
+free system out of that, aside from replacing the missing parts of the
+kernel, you would also need to put it into GNU or BSD.</li>
+
+<li>
+<a id="gnubsd"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article
+was written, the GNU C Library has been ported to several versions of
+the BSD kernel, which made it straightforward to combine the GNU system
+with that kernel. Just as with GNU/Linux, these are indeed variants of
+GNU, and are therefore called, for instance, GNU/kFreeBSD and
+GNU/kNetBSD depending on the kernel of the system. Ordinary users on
+typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and
+GNU/*BSD.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+2007 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:38 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/free-doc.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/free-doc.uk.html
diff -N philosophy/free-doc.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/free-doc.uk.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:38 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-doc.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑлÑним пÑогÑамам поÑÑÑбна
вÑлÑна докÑменÑаÑÑÑ - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
+вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑлÑним пÑогÑамам поÑÑÑбна вÑлÑна
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ</h2>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a
href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">ÐÑиÑднÑйÑеÑÑ
донаÑого
+ÑпиÑÐºÑ ÑозÑилки пÑо небезпеки елекÑÑонниÑ
книг</a>.</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">ÐÑÑензÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+ÐайбÑлÑÑе Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
опеÑаÑÑйниÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑ
не виÑÑаÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑогÑам; найбÑлÑÑим
+деÑÑÑиÑом Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбники, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ могли
б вклÑÑаÑи в ÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑеми. ÐагаÑо-ÑÐºÑ Ð· наÑиÑ
найважливÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам не ÑкомплекÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸
+ÑнÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑми. ÐокÑменÑаÑÑÑ - ÑÑÑоÑна
ÑаÑÑина бÑдÑ-Ñкого пакеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам; коли
+важливий вÑлÑний Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам не
ÑкомплекÑований вÑлÑним поÑÑбником, Ñе
+ÑеÑйозна пÑогалина. СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо
ÑакиÑ
пÑогалин.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðдного ÑазÑ, багаÑо ÑокÑв ÑомÑ, Ñ Ð´Ñмав пÑо
оÑвоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ Perl. У мене бÑла
+копÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного поÑÑбника, але ÑиÑаÑи його
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло важко. Ðоли Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñав
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв Perl пÑо алÑÑеÑнаÑиви, менÑ
Ñказали, Ñо Ñ ÑкÑÑнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑдÑÑÑники,
+але вони не вÑлÑнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñак бÑло? ÐвÑоÑи добÑиÑ
пÑдÑÑÑникÑв
напиÑали ÑÑ
на замовленнÑ
+видавниÑÑва Ð'Ð ÐµÐ¹Ð»Ñ ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ, Ñке
опÑблÑкÑвало ÑÑ
на обмежÑвалÑниÑ
ÑмоваÑ
+- копÑÑваÑи Ñа ÑедагÑваÑи ÑÑ
бÑло
забоÑонено, виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ Ñайли не бÑли
+доÑÑÑпнÑ, Ñо виклÑÑало викоÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²
ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑеннÑ. </p>
+
+<p>
+Такого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð° не в пеÑÑий
Ñаз Ñ (на пÑевеликий Ð¶Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+наÑого ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑва) далеко не в оÑÑаннÑй. Ð
ÑиÑ
пÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð²ÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑноÑ
+докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑв Ñ
ÑпокÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑвоÑ
+кеÑÑвниÑÑва. ÐагаÑо ÑазÑв Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ
ÑÑÑи, Ñк коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ GNU з
+заÑ
опленнÑм ÑозповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñо поÑÑбник, Ñкий
вÑн пиÑе Ñ Ñким вÑн збиÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+допомогÑи пÑоекÑÑ GNU а поÑÑм вÑн
обманÑвав Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÑ, поÑÑнÑÑÑи
+Ñим, Ñо вÑн пÑдпиÑав з видавÑем конÑÑакÑ
пÑо Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° поÑÑбник, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸
+не зможемо ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐважаÑÑи на Ñе, Ñо вмÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑи гаÑноÑ
англÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð·ÑÑÑÑÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑеÑед пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв неÑаÑÑо, ми навÑÑд Ñи
можемо дозволиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑаÑаÑи
+докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ñаким Ñином.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑлÑна докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
ознаÑÐ°Ñ ÑвободÑ, а не
+ваÑÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑоблема ÑиÑ
книг полÑгала не в
ÑомÑ, Ñо “РРейллÑ
+ÐÑÑоÑÑейÑÑ” ÑÑÑгÑвала плаÑÑ Ð·Ð°
дÑÑкаÑÑÑÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ñаме по
+ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñе не погано. (Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñеж <a
+href="/doc/doc.html#DescriptionsOfGNUDocumentation">пÑодаÑ
дÑÑкаÑÑÑкÑ
+копÑÑ</a>вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ <a href="/doc/doc.html">докÑменÑаÑÑÑ
GNU</a>.) Ðле
+докÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU доÑÑÑпна Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного кодÑ, а ÑÑ
+пÑдÑÑÑники — ÑÑлÑки Ñ Ð´ÑÑкованомÑ
виглÑдÑ. ÐоÑÑбники GNU
+дозволено копÑÑваÑи Ñа змÑнÑваÑи;
пÑдÑÑÑники пÑо Perl
+нÑ. ÐÑоблема полÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑиÑ
обмеженнÑÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи поÑÑбника пÑиблизно
Ñакий же, Ñк кÑиÑеÑÑй Ñвободи пÑогÑами:
+Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑм коÑиÑÑÑваÑам певниÑ
Ñвобод. Ð
озповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ (в ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑлÑ
+комеÑÑÑйне) Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÑи дозволено Ñаким
Ñином, Ñоб поÑÑбник мÑг ÑÑпÑоводжÑваÑи
+ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ ÐµÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑонномÑ
виглÑÐ´Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ на папеÑÑ. ÐозвÑл вноÑиÑи
+змÑни Ñеж жиÑÑÑво важливий. </p>
+
+<p>
+У загалÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, Ñо
важливо, аби лÑдÑм бÑло дозволено
+змÑнÑваÑи бÑдÑ-Ñкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸.
ÐиÑаннÑ, пов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð· лÑÑеÑаÑÑÑними
+ÑвоÑами, не завжди збÑгаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· пиÑаннÑми,
пов'Ñзаними з
+пÑогÑамами. ÐапÑиклад, Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, Ñо ви або
Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð²'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи дозвÑл
+змÑнÑваÑи ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк ÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑÑ
наÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ наÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ñди. </p>
+
+<p>
+Ðле Ñ Ð¾Ñоблива пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй Ñвобода
змÑни жиÑÑÑво важлива длÑ
+докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. Ðоли лÑди
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвоÑм пÑавом змÑнÑваÑи
+пÑогÑами Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ
оÑобливоÑÑÑ, Ñо, ÑкÑо вони ÑвÑдомÑ,
+вони бÑдÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑавлÑÑи Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñоб з
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ могли надаÑи
+ÑоÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ. ÐоÑÑбник,
Ñкий забоÑонÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑам бÑÑи
+ÑвÑдомими Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÑÑÑваÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ñ (або,
ÑоÑнÑÑе, вимагаÑ, Ñоб вони пиÑали
+Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð· Ñамого поÑаÑкÑ, ÑкÑо
вони модиÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами), не
+задоволÑнÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебам наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. </p>
+
+<p>
+ХоÑа повна забоÑона модиÑÑкаÑÑй
непÑийнÑÑна, деÑкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
меÑод
+модиÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑановлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми.
ÐапÑиклад, ÑÑлком допÑÑÑимо вимога
+збеÑÑгаÑи ÑпиÑок авÑоÑÑв або повÑдомленнÑ
пÑо авÑоÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñава пеÑвÑÑного
+авÑоÑа Ñ ÑмоваÑ
поÑиÑеннÑ. Також не
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми вимога вклÑÑаÑи в
+змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо Ñе, Ñо
вони бÑли змÑненÑ, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑ
+ÑоздÑли, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ дозволено Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñи, нÑ
змÑнÑваÑи, до ÑиÑ
пÑÑ, поки ÑÑ
+ÑоздÑли пÑиÑвÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑеÑ
нÑÑним пиÑаннÑм.
(У деÑкиÑ
поÑÑбникаÑ
GNU ÑакÑ
+ÑоздÑли Ñ.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Такого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑ
пÑоблеми, бо на пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ не
+пеÑеÑкоджаÑÑÑ ÑвÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ
адапÑÑваÑи докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ змÑненоÑ
+пÑогÑами. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вони не
заважаÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбником
Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÑÑоÑ. </p>
+
+<p>
+Ðднак повинна бÑÑи можливÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð¼ÑнÑваÑи
ÑвеÑÑ <em>ÑеÑ
нÑÑний</em> змÑÑÑ
+поÑÑбника, а поÑÑм поÑиÑÑваÑи ÑезÑлÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°
бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ, за
+вÑÑма звиÑайними каналами; в ÑнÑомÑ
Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ;
+Ñакий поÑÑбник не вÑлÑний, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼
поÑÑÑбний ÑнÑий поÑÑбник. </p>
+
+<p>
+Ðа жалÑ, ÑаÑÑо бÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶ÐºÐ¾ знайÑи
кого-небÑдÑ, Ñ
Ñо напиÑав би ÑнÑий
+поÑÑбник, коли Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑний поÑÑбник.
СкладнÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² ÑомÑ, Ñо багаÑо
+лÑдей дÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑного поÑÑбника
доÑÑаÑнÑо; ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ не вÑдÑÑваÑÑÑ
+поÑÑеби напиÑаÑи вÑлÑний поÑÑбник. Ðони не
ÑозÑмÑÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð²ÑлÑнÑй
+опеÑаÑÑйнÑй ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ñогалина, ÑкÑ
поÑÑÑбно заповниÑи.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð´ÑмаÑÑÑ, Ñо невÑлÑноÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑаÑнÑо? ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñо Ñе
+пÑоÑÑо не замиÑлÑвалиÑÑ. Я ÑподÑваÑÑÑ, Ñо
ÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ змÑниÑи ÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
поÑÑбники пÑийнÑÑними з ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶ пÑиÑини,
+по ÑкÑй багаÑо Ñ
Ñо Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑийнÑÑними
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами: вони ÑозглÑдаÑÑÑ
+пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð· ÑÑÑо пÑакÑиÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑки зоÑÑ, не
заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑи кÑиÑеÑÑÑ Ñвободи. ЦÑ
+лÑди вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
дÑмкаÑ
, але оÑкÑлÑки ÑÑ
дÑмки ÒÑÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑÑемÑ
+ÑÑнноÑÑей, в ÑкÑй Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ, вони
не можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи зÑазком Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑ
з
+наÑ, Ñ
Ñо ÑÑнÑÑ ÑвободÑ. </p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑозповÑдайÑе лÑдÑм пÑо ÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ. Ðи Ñк Ñ ÑанÑÑе пÑогÑаÑмо Ñ
+поÑÑбникаÑ
невÑлÑним виданнÑм. ЯкÑо ми
бÑдемо ÑозповÑдаÑи, Ñо невÑлÑноÑ
+докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ доÑÑаÑнÑо, можливо, Ñе
один ÑоловÑк, Ñкий Ñ
оÑе допомогÑи GNU
+ÑкладаннÑм докÑменÑаÑÑÑ, вÑаÑно
ÑÑвÑдомиÑÑ, Ñо ÑпеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñн повинен зÑобиÑи
+ÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ. </p>
+
+<p>
+Ðи можемо Ñакож закликаÑи комеÑÑÑйниÑ
видавÑÑв пÑодаваÑи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбники з
+копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав. Ðдин Ñз ÑпоÑобÑв допомогÑи
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевÑÑиÑи Ñмови
ÑозповÑÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбника пеÑед Ñим, Ñк ви
+кÑпиÑе його, Ñ Ð²ÑддаваÑи пеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð·
авÑоÑÑÑким копÑлеÑÑом замÑÑÑÑ
+книги без нÑого.</p>
+<p>
+[ÐÑимÑÑка: Ðи пÑдÑÑимÑÑмо <a
href="/doc/other-free-books.html"> ÑÑоÑÑнкÑ, на
+ÑкÑй пеÑеÑаÑ
Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸ ÑнÑиÑ
видавÑÑв</a>].</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе запиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU
за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Ð Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзаÑиÑÑ</a> з
Ñондом.
+<br />
+ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе звÑÑи пÑо невÑÑнÑ
поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÑÑ —
Ðез
+поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:38 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html
diff -N philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/pragmatic.uk.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:38 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ÐопÑлеÑÑ: пÑагмаÑиÑна пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>ÐопÑлеÑÑ: пÑагмаÑиÑна пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ</h2>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Ðожне ÑÑÑеннÑ, Ñке пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑобиÑÑÑÑÑÑ,
Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð· ÑÑнноÑÑей Ñ ÑÑлейÑÑÑÑ
+оÑобиÑÑоÑÑÑ. У лÑдей може бÑÑи багаÑо
ÑÑзниÑ
ÑÑлей Ñ ÑÑнноÑÑей;
+Ñлава,пÑибÑÑок, лÑбов, виживаннÑ, Ñозвага Ñ
Ñвобода — оÑÑ
+ÑÑлÑкидеÑÐºÑ Ð· ÑÑлей, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи Ñ
добÑоÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ñдини. ÐолимеÑа Ñ
+ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑипÑ, ми називаÑмо Ñе
пÑинÑиповÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑа над вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами
моÑивÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑдеалÑÑÑиÑноÑ
+меÑÐ¾Ñ ÑозÑиÑеннÑм Ñвободи Ñ
ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. Я Ñ
оÑÑ <a
+href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html"> ÑпÑиÑÑи поÑиÑеннÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам</a>,
+замÑнÑÑÑи невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, ÑкÑ
забоÑонÑÑÑÑ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ, Ñ Ñаким Ñином
+покÑаÑÑваÑи наÑе ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво.</p>
+<p>
+У ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñновна пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй
ÐагалÑна гÑомадÑÑка лÑÑензÑÑ GNU
+напиÑана Ñак, Ñк вона напиÑана — Ñк
ÑеалÑзаÑÑÑ <a
+href="/copyleft">копÑлеÑÑÑ</a>. ÐÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸,
Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ пÑогÑами пÑд
+GPL, Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами,
навÑÑÑ ÑкÑо ÑÑ
ÑозмÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² окÑемомÑ
+ÑайлÑ. Я ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»Ñ Ñак, Ñо Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи доÑÑÑпнÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
+пÑогÑамаÑ
, але не Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамаÑ
, Ñоб заоÑ
оÑÑваÑи
+ÑнÑиÑ
лÑдей, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñеж
ÑобиÑи ÑÑ
вÑлÑними. Я ÑозÑмÑÑ, Ñо
+оÑкÑлÑки ÑозÑобники невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам
заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво, Ñоб не
+даваÑи нам обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ, Ñо ми,
ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑи з ÑнÑими, можемо
заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи
+авÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво, Ñоб даÑи Ñм пеÑÐµÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ Ñк
лÑдÑм, ÑÐºÑ ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· нами:
+вони можÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñими виÑ
Ñдними кодами. </p>
+<p>
+Ðе вÑÑкий, Ñ
Ñо коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ GNU GPL,
пеÑеÑлÑдÑÑ ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑ. ÐагаÑо ÑокÑв ÑомÑ
+одного мого знайомого попÑоÑили
пеÑевипÑÑÑиÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð· копÑлеÑÑом на
+ÑмоваÑ
без копÑлеÑÑÑ Ñ Ð²Ñн вÑдповÑв
пÑиблизно Ñак: </p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ вÑлÑними
пÑогÑамами, а ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+невÑлÑними пÑогÑамами — але коли Ñ
пÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ невÑлÑними
+пÑогÑамами, Ñ Ð¾ÑÑкÑÑ, Ñо менÑ
<em>заплаÑÑÑÑ</em>”.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+У нÑого бÑло Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÑнÑваÑиÑÑ ÑвоÑÑ
ÑобоÑÐ¾Ñ Ð· ÑпÑлÑноÑоÑ, Ñка
+обмÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамами, але вÑн не баÑив
пÑиÑин вÑддаваÑи ÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑвÑ,
+Ñо випÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑодÑкÑÑÑ, Ñка б пеÑебÑвала за
межами наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. Ðого меÑа
+бÑла вÑдмÑнна вÑд моÑÑ, але вÑн виÑÑÑив, Ñо
GNU GPL коÑиÑна Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
+меÑи. </p>
+<p>
+ЯкÑо ви Ñ
оÑеÑе в ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ ÑогоÑÑ
доÑÑгÑи, пÑинÑиповоÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+доÑÑаÑнÑо вам поÑÑÑбно вибÑаÑи
меÑод, Ñкий пÑдÑ
одиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+доÑÑÐ³Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑи. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вам
поÑÑÑбно бÑÑи
+“пÑагмаÑиÑним”. Чи пÑагмаÑиÑна GPL?
ÐвеÑнемоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑв. </p>
+<p>
+РозглÑнемо C++ GNU. Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑний
компÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C++? ТÑлÑки ÑомÑ, Ñо в
+GNU GPL бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вÑн повинен бÑÑи
вÑлÑний. C++ GNU бÑв ÑозÑоблений
+пÑомиÑловим об'ÑднаннÑм, MCC, Ñке взÑло за
оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ C GNU. MCC, Ñк
+пÑавило, ÑобиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑобоÑÑ Ñкомога бÑлÑÑе
невÑлÑноÑ. Ðле вони зÑобили
+ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ C++ вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ, бо в GNU GPL
бÑло Ñказано, Ñо вони його
+можÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑкаÑи ÑÑлÑки Ñак. У ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ C++
вÑ
одило багаÑо новиÑ
ÑайлÑв,
+але вони пÑизнаÑалиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·
GCC, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ GPL на ниÑ
+поÑиÑÑвалаÑÑ. ÐоÑиÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи
оÑевидна.</p>
+<p>
+РозглÑнемо Objective C GNU. СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð² NeXT Ñ
оÑÑли
зÑобиÑи Ñей ÑнÑеÑÑейÑ
+невÑлÑним; вони пÑопонÑвали випÑÑкаÑи
його Ñк Ñайли <em>.о</em> Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑам компонÑваÑи ÑÑ
з ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ GCC,
дÑмаÑÑи, Ñо Ñаким ÑпоÑобом можна
+обÑйÑи вимоги GPL. Ðле Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑиÑÑ Ñказав, Ñо
Ñе не знÑме Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿Ñо забоÑонÑ
+ÑÑого. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ зÑобили ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Objective C
вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ. </p>
+<p>
+Цим пÑикладам вже кÑлÑка ÑокÑв, але GNU GPL
пÑодовжÑÑ Ð¿ÑиноÑиÑи нам новÑ
+вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. </p>
+<p>
+ÐагаÑо бÑблÑоÑек GNU поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐенÑÑй
загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð³ÑомадÑÑкÑй лÑÑензÑÑ
+GNU, але не вÑÑ. ÐднÑÑÑ Ð· бÑблÑоÑек GNU, на ÑкÑ
поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñайна GNU
+GPL, Ñ GNU Readline, Ñка ÑеалÑзÑÑ ÑедагÑваннÑ
командного ÑÑдка. Ðдного ÑазÑ
+Ñ Ð´ÑзнавÑÑ Ð¿Ñо невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, Ñка бÑла
ÑпÑоекÑована Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·
+Readline, Ñ Ñказав ÑозÑобникÑ, Ñо Ñе не
дозволено. ÐÑн мÑг би видалиÑи
+ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑдка пÑогÑами,
але наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñн в кÑнÑÑ ÐºÑнÑÑв
+пеÑевипÑÑÑив ÑÑ Ð¿Ñд GPL. Ð¢ÐµÐ¿ÐµÑ Ñе вÑлÑна
пÑогÑама. </p>
+<p>
+ÐÑогÑамÑÑÑи, Ñо пиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ GCC (або
Emacs, або Bash, або Linux, або
+бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами пÑд GPL), ÑаÑÑо пÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
на компанÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾
+ÑнÑвеÑÑиÑеÑи. Ðоли пÑогÑамÑÑÑ Ñ
оÑе
повеÑнÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²
+ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð°ÑиÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑекÑÑи Ñ
наÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÑкÑ, ÑÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ
+ÑказаÑи: “ÐоÑÑÑивай-но ÑвоÑ
ÑекÑÑи належаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼! Ðи не
+Ñ
оÑемо обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸; ми виÑÑÑили
обеÑнÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñ
+невÑлÑний пÑогÑамний пÑодÑкє.</p>
+<p>
+Ð ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑ
одиÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ GNU GPL.
ÐÑогÑамÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·ÑÑ ÑеÑовÑ, Ñо Ñей
+невÑлÑний пÑогÑамний пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð±Ñв би
поÑÑÑеннÑм авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав, Ñ ÑеÑ
+ÑÑвÑдомлÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð½Ñого Ñ ÑÑлÑки два вибоÑи:
випÑÑÑиÑи Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñк
+вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ не випÑÑкаÑи ÑÑ
взагалÑ. Ðайже
завжди вÑн дозволÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ
+вÑиниÑи Ñак, Ñк Ñой веÑÑ ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð² намÑÑ, Ñ ÑÑ
пÑогÑами вклÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑеÑговий
+випÑÑк. </p>
+<p>
+GNU GPL не “добÑий дÑдÑко”. Ðона
говоÑиÑÑ
+<em>нÑ</em>деÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð· Ñого, Ñо лÑди ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
зÑобиÑи. РкоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ, ÑкÑ
+кажÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñе погано Ñо GPL
“виклÑÑає деÑкиÑ
+ÑозÑобникÑв вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑкиÑ
“поÑÑÑбно ввеÑÑи Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ
+вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннє.</p>
+<p>
+Ðле ми не виклÑÑаÑмо ÑÑ
з наÑого гÑомади;
Ñе вони виÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑÑÑпаÑи. ÐÑ
+ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·ÑобиÑи пÑогÑами
невÑлÑними — Ñе ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑаÑиÑÑ
поза
+наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи. ÐеÑебÑваÑи в наÑÑй
гÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ нам Ñ
+ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ; ми не можемо “ввеÑÑи ÑÑ
Ñ
наÑÑ Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ ”, ÑкÑо вони
+не бажаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑднÑваÑиÑÑ. </p>
+<p>
+Що ми <em>можемо</em> ÑобиÑи — Ñе
пÑопонÑваÑи Ñм ÑÑимÑл длÑ
+пÑиÑднаннÑ. GNU GPL Ñкладена Ñак, Ñоб
ÑÑвоÑÑваÑи ÑÑимÑл з Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
+ÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑам: “ЯкÑо ви зÑобиÑе ÑвоÑ
пÑогÑами вÑлÑними, ви можеÑе
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ñим виÑ
Ñдним кодом”.
ÐвиÑайно, Ñе не завоÑÑ ÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑ
, але
+ÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ñд ÑаÑÑ Ñе пеÑемагаÑ. </p>
+<p>
+РозÑобка невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам не Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑком Ñ
наÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ, але ÑÑ
ÑозÑобники
+ÑаÑÑо пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñок. ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам можÑÑÑ
+запÑопонÑваÑи винагоÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑамолÑбÑÑва
вÑлÑниÑ
ÑозÑобникÑв
+пÑогÑам Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐºÑ —
але може бÑÑи дÑже
+заманливо, коли пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво говоÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼:
“ТÑлÑки дайÑе нам
+пеÑеÑвоÑиÑи Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑниÑÑкÑ
пÑогÑамÑ, Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð±Ñде
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо ÑиÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей!”
СпокÑÑа може бÑÑи великоÑ, але в
+довгоÑÑÑоковÑй пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ вÑÑм бÑде
кÑаÑе, ÑкÑо ми бÑдемо з Ñим
+боÑоÑиÑÑ. </p>
+<p>
+СпокÑÑа Ñ ÑиÑк важÑе ÑозпÑзнаÑи, коли вони
вводÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÑÑно, ÑеÑез
+оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ, Ñо займаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑними
пÑогÑамами, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð·Ñли за пÑавило
+поÑÑÑаÑи невÑлÑним пÑогÑамам. ÐаоÑний
пÑиклад — ÐонÑоÑÑÑÑм X (Ñ
+його ÑпадкоÑмеÑÑ, Open Group): ÑÑнанÑованÑ
компанÑÑми, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑоблÑли
+невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, вони бÑлÑÑе деÑÑÑи
ÑокÑв пÑагнÑли пеÑеконаÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв
+не коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑлеÑÑом. Ðоли в Open Group
ÑпÑобÑвали <a
+href="/philosophy/x.html"> зÑобиÑи X11R6.4 невÑлÑним
пÑогÑамним
+забезпеÑеннÑм</a>, ÑÑ Ð· наÑ, Ñ
Ñо пеÑед Ñим
Ñинив опÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑкÑ, бÑли
+ÑадÑ, Ñо ми Ñе зÑобили.</p>
+<p>
+У веÑеÑÐ½Ñ 1998 ÑокÑ, ÑеÑез кÑлÑка мÑÑÑÑÑв
пÑÑÐ»Ñ Ñого, Ñк ÑиÑÑема
+X11R6.4 бÑла випÑÑена пÑд невÑлÑними Ñмовами
поÑиÑеннÑ, Open Group ÑкаÑÑвала
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевипÑÑÑила пÑд ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶
лÑÑензÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам без
+копÑлеÑÑÑ, Ñкий заÑÑоÑовÑвалаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ X11R6.3.
СпаÑибÑ, Open
+Group — але Ñе наÑÑÑпне ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
ÑпÑоÑÑовÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑновкÑв, ÑкÑ
+ми Ñобимо з Ñого ÑакÑÑ, Ñо додаваннÑ
Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло <em>можливим</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ÐажÑÑи пÑагмаÑиÑно, ÑоздÑми пÑо
довгоÑÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑилÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾
+пÑоÑиÑÑоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑкÑ. ЯкÑо ви
зоÑеÑедиÑе ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ñмки на ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ
+ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ, Ñке ви можеÑе побÑдÑваÑи,
залиÑаÑÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ñ
иÑним, ви знайдеÑе в
+ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñили Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого. “ÐÑдÑÑоÑйÑе
Ñо-небÑдÑ, або ви залиÑиÑеÑÑ Ð½Ñ Ð·
+Ñим”.</p>
+<p>
+Ð ÑкÑо ÑинÑки виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ ÑвободÑ, Ñо
виÑмÑÑÑÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ... ÑкÑо
+“ÑвеÑÐ´Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ñ ÑеалÑÑÑи” кажÑÑÑ, Ñо
Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÑÑкиÑ
ÑдеалÑв, кÑÑм
+пÑибÑÑкÑ... пÑоÑÑо не звеÑÑайÑе на ниÑ
Ñваги Ñ Ð²Ñе одно коÑиÑÑÑйÑеÑÑ
+копÑлеÑÑом.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>Цей наÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ñв опÑблÑкований Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>ÐÑлÑнÑ
+пÑогÑами вÑлÑне ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво:
ÐибÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑи
+Ð ÑÑаÑда Ð. СÑолмена</cite></a></p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2003 Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÑÑ —
Ðез
+поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:38 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/free-doc.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-doc.uk-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/free-doc.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-doc.uk-en.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:39 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Why Free Software needs Free Documentation - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-doc.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Why Free Software needs Free Documentation</h2>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join
our mailing list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</div>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="/copyleft/fdl.html">The GNU Free Documentation License</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the
+software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include
+in these systems. Many of our most important programs do not come
+with full manuals. Documentation is an essential part of any software
+package; when an important free software package does not come with a
+free manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today.</p>
+
+<p>
+Once upon a time, many years ago, I thought I would learn Perl. I got
+a copy of a free manual, but I found it hard to read. When I asked
+Perl users about alternatives, they told me that there were better
+introductory manuals—but those were not free.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why was this? The authors of the good manuals had written them for
+O'Reilly Associates, which published them with restrictive
+terms—no copying, no modification, source files not
+available—which exclude them from the free software
+community.</p>
+
+<p>
+That wasn't the first time this sort of thing has happened, and (to
+our community's great loss) it was far from the last. Proprietary
+manual publishers have enticed a great many authors to restrict their
+manuals since then. Many times I have heard a GNU user eagerly tell
+me about a manual that he is writing, with which he expects to help
+the GNU Project—and then had my hopes dashed, as he proceeded to
+explain that he had signed a contract with a publisher that would
+restrict it so that we cannot use it.</p>
+
+<p>
+Given that writing good English is a rare skill among programmers, we
+can ill afford to lose manuals this way.</p>
+
+<p>
+Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not
+price. The problem with these manuals was not that O'Reilly
+Associates charged a price for printed copies—that in itself is
+fine. (The Free Software Foundation
+<a href="/doc/doc.html#DescriptionsOfGNUDocumentation">sells printed
+copies</a> of free <a href="/doc/doc.html">GNU manuals</a>, too.) But
+GNU manuals are available in source code form, while these manuals are
+available only on paper. GNU manuals come with permission to copy and
+modify; the Perl manuals do not. These restrictions are the problems.</p>
+
+<p>
+The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free
+software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms.
+Redistribution (including commercial redistribution) must be
+permitted, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program,
+on line or on paper. Permission for modification is crucial too.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a general rule, I don't believe that it is essential for people to
+have permission to modify all sorts of articles and books. The issues
+for writings are not necessarily the same as those for software. For
+example, I don't think you or I are obliged to give permission to
+modify articles like this one, which describe our actions and our
+views.</p>
+
+<p>
+But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial
+for documentation for free software. When people exercise their right
+to modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
+conscientious they will change the manual too—so they can provide
+accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A manual
+which forbids programmers from being conscientious and finishing the job, or
+more precisely requires them to write a new manual from scratch if
+they change the program, does not fill our community's needs.</p>
+
+<p>
+While a blanket prohibition on modification is unacceptable, some
+kinds of limits on the method of modification pose no problem. For
+example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright
+notice, the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is
+also no problem to require modified versions to include notice that
+they were modified, even to have entire sections that may not be
+deleted or changed, as long as these sections deal with nontechnical
+topics. (Some GNU manuals have them.)</p>
+
+<p>
+These kinds of restrictions are not a problem because, as a practical
+matter, they don't stop the conscientious programmer from adapting the
+manual to fit the modified program. In other words, they don't block
+the free software community from making full use of the manual.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em>
+content of the manual, and then distribute the result through all the usual
+media, through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do
+block the community, the manual is not free, and so we need another
+manual.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, it is often hard to find someone to write another
+manual when a proprietary manual exists. The obstacle is that many
+users think that a proprietary manual is good enough—so they
+don't see the need to write a free manual. They do not see that the
+free operating system has a gap that needs filling.</p>
+
+<p>
+Why do users think that proprietary manuals are good enough? Some
+have not considered the issue. I hope this article will do something
+to change that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Other users consider proprietary manuals acceptable for the same
+reason so many people consider proprietary software acceptable: they
+judge in purely practical terms, not using freedom as a criterion.
+These people are entitled to their opinions, but since those opinions
+spring from values which do not include freedom, they are no guide for
+those of us who do value freedom.</p>
+
+<p>
+Please spread the word about this issue. We continue to lose manuals
+to proprietary publishing. If we spread the word that proprietary
+manuals are not sufficient, perhaps the next person who wants to help
+GNU by writing documentation will realize, before it is too late, that
+he must above all make it free.</p>
+
+<p>
+We can also encourage commercial publishers to sell free, copylefted
+manuals instead of proprietary ones. One way you can help this is to
+check the distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and
+prefer copylefted manuals to noncopylefted ones.</p>
+<p>
+[Note: We maintain a <a href="/doc/other-free-books.html">page
+that lists free books available from other publishers</a>].</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
+also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:39 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.uk-en.html 23 Nov 2013 14:31:43 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
+goals. People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit,
+love, survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a
+good person might have. When the goal is a matter of principle, we
+call that idealism.</p>
+
+<p>
+My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading
+freedom and cooperation. I want
+to <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">encourage free software to
+spread</a>, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation,
+and thus make our society better.</p>
+<p>
+That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
+the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+All code added to a GPL-covered program
+must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
+my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
+proprietary software, in order to encourage other people who write
+software to make it free as well. I figure that since proprietary
+software developers use copyright to stop us from sharing, we
+cooperators can use copyright to give other cooperators an advantage
+of their own: they can use our code.</p>
+<p>
+Not everyone who uses the GNU GPL has this goal. Many years ago, a
+friend of mine was asked to rerelease a copylefted program under
+noncopyleft terms, and he responded more or less like this:</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“Sometimes I work on free software, and
+sometimes I work on proprietary software—but when I work on
+proprietary software, I expect to get <em>paid</em>.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+He was willing to share his work with a community that shares
+software, but saw no reason to give a handout to a business making
+products that would be off-limits to our community. His goal was
+different from mine, but he decided that the GNU GPL was useful for
+his goal too.</p>
+<p>
+If you want to accomplish something in the world, idealism is not
+enough—you need to choose a method that works to achieve the
+goal. In other words, you need to be “pragmatic.” Is the
+GPL pragmatic? Let's look at its results.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU C++. Why do we have a free C++ compiler? Only because
+the GNU GPL said it had to be free. GNU C++ was developed by an
+industry consortium, MCC, starting from the GNU C compiler. MCC
+normally makes its work as proprietary as can be. But they made the
+C++ front end free software, because the GNU GPL said that was the
+only way they could release it. The C++ front end included many new
+files, but since they were meant to be linked with GCC, the GPL
+did apply to them. The benefit to our community is evident.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU Objective C. NeXT initially wanted to make this front
+end proprietary; they proposed to release it as <samp>.o</samp> files,
+and let users link them with the rest of GCC, thinking this might be a
+way around the GPL's requirements. But our lawyer said that this
+would not evade the requirements, that it was not allowed. And so
+they made the Objective C front end free software.</p>
+<p>
+Those examples happened years ago, but the GNU GPL continues
+to bring us more free software.</p>
+<p>
+Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, but not all. One GNU library which is covered by the
+ordinary GNU GPL is Readline, which implements command-line editing.
+I once found out about a nonfree program which was designed
+to use Readline, and told the developer this was not allowed. He
+could have taken command-line editing out of the program, but what he
+actually did was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is free software.</p>
+<p>
+The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or
+Linux, or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or
+universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to
+the community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say,
+“Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to
+share it; we have decided to turn your improved version into a
+proprietary software product.”</p>
+<p>
+Here the GNU GPL comes to the rescue. The programmer shows the boss
+that this proprietary software product would be copyright
+infringement, and the boss realizes that he has only two choices:
+release the new code as free software, or not at all. Almost always
+he lets the programmer do as he intended all along, and the code goes
+into the next release.</p>
+<p>
+The GNU GPL is not Mr. Nice Guy. It says no to some of
+the things that people sometimes want to do. There are users who say
+that this is a bad thing—that the GPL “excludes”
+some proprietary software developers who “need to be brought
+into the free software community.”</p>
+<p>
+But we are not excluding them from our community; they are choosing
+not to enter. Their decision to make software proprietary is a
+decision to stay out of our community. Being in our community means
+joining in cooperation with us; we cannot “bring them into our
+community” if they don't want to join.</p>
+<p>
+What we <em>can</em> do is offer them an inducement to join. The GNU
+GPL is designed to make an inducement from our existing software:
+“If you will make your software free, you can use this
+code.” Of course, it won't win 'em all, but it wins some of the
+time.</p>
+<p>
+Proprietary software development does not contribute to our community,
+but its developers often want handouts from us. Free software users
+can offer free software developers strokes for the
+ego—recognition and gratitude—but it can be very tempting
+when a business tells you, “Just let us put your package in our
+proprietary program, and your program will be used by many thousands
+of people!” The temptation can be powerful, but in the long run
+we are all better off if we resist it.</p>
+<p>
+The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come
+indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a
+policy of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its
+successor, the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that
+made proprietary software, they strived for a decade to persuade
+programmers not to use copyleft. When the Open Group tried to
+<a href="/philosophy/x.html">make X11R6.4 nonfree software</a>, those
+of us who had resisted that pressure were glad that we did.</p>
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thank you, Open Group—but this subsequent
+reversal does not invalidate the conclusions we draw from the fact
+that adding the restrictions was <em>possible</em>.</p>
+<p>
+Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will
+strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind
+on the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you
+will find the strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you
+will fall for anything.”</p>
+<p>
+And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if
+“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
+ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/11/23 14:31:43 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
[Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www education/po/edu-faq.translist education/po...,
GNUN <=