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From: |
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Subject: |
www philosophy/free-sw.hr.html philosophy/po/fr... |
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Date: |
Mon, 08 Apr 2013 14:59:37 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/04/08 14:59:37
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.hr.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.hr.po
server/gnun/compendia: compendium.hr.po
Added files:
philosophy/po : free-sw.hr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/gnun/compendia/compendium.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: philosophy/free-sw.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/free-sw.hr.html 8 Feb 2013 07:06:08 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/free-sw.hr.html 8 Apr 2013 14:59:36 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,211 +1,517 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2">
-<TITLE>Definicija slobodnog softvera - GNU Projekt - Free Software Foundation
- (FSF)</TITLE>
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000"
VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H3>Definicija slobodnog softvera</H3>
-
-<A HREF="/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><IMG
SRC="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
- ALT=" [slika filozofskog GNUa] "
- WIDTH="160" HEIGHT="200"></A>
-
-[<a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.ar.html">العربية</a>
<!-- Arabic -->
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html">engleski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html">francuski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">hrvatski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.id.html">indonezijski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.ja.html">japanski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.ko.html">korejski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.nl.html">nizozemski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.nb.html">norve¹ki</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.pt-br.html">portugalski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">ruski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.es.html">¹panjolski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.it.html">talijanski</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/free-sw.tr.html">turski</A>
-]
-<P>
-
-Pridr¾avamo se ove definicije slobodnog softvera kako bismo jasno pokazali
-¹to mora biti istinito za pojedini softverski program da bi se on smatrao
-slobodnim softverom.
-
-<P>
-
-"Slobodni softver" je stvar slobode, a ne cijene. Za razumijevanje tog pojma,
-trebate shvatiti "slobodni" u smislu "sloboda govora", a ne u smislu "slobodno
-(besplatno) pivo".
-
-<P>
-Slobodni softver ukazuje na slobodu korisnika da pokreæe, presnimava,
-distribuira, prouèava, mijenja i pobolj¹ava softver. Jo¹ odreðenije, ukazuje
-na èetiri vrste sloboda za koristnike softvera:
-<P>
-
-<UL>
- <LI>Sloboda pokretanja programa, u bilo koje svrhe (sloboda 0).
- <LI>Sloboda prouèavanja rada programa, i prilagodbe istog va¹im potrebama
- (sloboda 1). Pristup izvornom kodu je preduvjet za to.
- <LI>Sloboda distribuiranja presnimaka, da biste mogli pomoæi svomu bli¾njemu
- (sloboda 2).
- <LI>Sloboda pobolj¹avanja programa i ustupanje va¹ih pobolj¹aka javnosti,
- za blagodat cijele zajednice (sloboda 3). Pristup izvornom kodu je
- preduvjet za to.
-</UL>
-<P>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html" -->
+
+<title>Å to je slobodan softver? - GNU projekt - Zaklada za slobodan softver
(FSF)</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Zaklada za slobodan softver,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, slobodan
+softver, operativni sustav, GNU jezgra, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Od 1983., razvijajuÄi
GNU—operativni sustav nalik na Unix—tako
+da raÄunalni korisnici mogu imati slobodu razmjenjivati i poboljÅ¡ati softver
+koji koriste." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="Å to ima novoga?"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="Novi slobodni softver"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<h2>Å to je slobodan softver?</h2>
+
+<h3>Definicija slobodnog softvera</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+Definicija slobodnog softvera predstavlja kriterij za odreÄivanje da li se
+partikularni softverski program kvalificira kao slobodan softver. S vremena
+na vrijeme revidiramo ovu definiciju, da bi pojasnili ili da bi riješili
+pitanja oko suptilnih predmeta ove debate. Pogledajte <a href="#History">dio
+o povijesti</a> ispod za listu izmjena koje utjeÄu na definiciju slobodnog
+softvera.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+“Slobodan softver” podrazumijeva softver koji poÅ¡tuje slobodu
+korisnika i zajednicu. Približno, <b>korisnici imaju slobodu da pokrenu,
+kopiraju, distribuiraju, prouÄavaju, izmjene i poboljÅ¡aju softver</b>. S tim
+slobodama, korisnici (individualno i kolektivno) imaju kontrolu nad
+programom i nad onim Å¡to on Äini za njih.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada korisnici nemaju kontrolu nad programom, program ima kontrolu nad
+korisnicima. Developer kontrolira program i kroz njega kontrolira
+korisnike. Takav neslobodni ili posjedniÄki
+(“<i>proprietary</i>”) program je dakle instrument nepravedne
+moÄi.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Prema tome, “slobodan softver” je stvar slobode, ne cijene. Da
+se shvati taj koncept, trebate misliti na “slobodan” kao u
+“sloboda govora” ne kao u “slobodno (besplatno)
+pivo”.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Program je slobodan softver ako korisnici programa imaju Äetiri osnovne
+slobode:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Sloboda pokretanja programa, u bilo koje svrhe (sloboda 0). </li>
+ <li>Sloboda prouÄavanja rada programa, i sloboda prilagodbe istog tako da
vrši
+raÄunalne aktivnosti kakve vi želite (sloboda 1). Pristup izvornom kodu je
+preduvjet za to.
+ </li>
+ <li>Sloboda ponovne distribucije kopija, da biste mogli pomoÄi svomu
bližnjemu
+(sloboda 2).
+ </li>
+ <li>Sloboda distribucije kopija izmijenjenih verzija drugima (sloboda 3).
RadeÄi
+to možete dati cijeloj zajednici priliku da ima korist od vaših
+izmjena. Pristup izvornom kodu je preduvjet za to.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
Program je slobodni softver ako korisnici istog imaju sve te slobode. Prema
-tome, mo¾ete slobodno distribuirati presnimke, s preinakama ili bez njih, bez
-naplate ili s naplatom tro¹kova distribucije, <A HREF="#exportcontrol">svakome
-svugdje</A>. Biti slobodnim èiniti sve to znaèi (izmeðu ostalog) da ne morate
-tra¾iti dopu¹tenje ni platiti za njega.
-
-<P>
-Mo¾ete takoðer slobodno èiniti preinake i rabiti ih privatno u va¹em poslu ili
-igri, bez ikakve obveze spominjanja njihova postojanja. Ako objavite va¹e
-preinake, niste obvezni na to nikoga posebno upozoravati, ni na koji posebni
-naèin.
-
-<P>
-Sloboda uporabe programa znaèi slobodu osobe bilo koje vrste, ili
-organizacije, da ga rabi na bilo kojoj vrsti raèunalnih sustava, za bilo
-koju vrstu sveukupnog posla, bez ikakve obveze za naknadnim priopæavanjem
-toga razvijatelju programa, ili bilo kojem posebnom tijelu.
-
-<P>
-Sloboda distribuiranja presnimaka mora ukljuèivati binarne ili izvr¹ne
-oblike programa, kao i njegov izvorni kod, i mijenjane i netaknute inaèice.
-Sasvim je u redu ako ne postoji naèin izradbe binarnog ili izvr¹nog oblika,
-ali ljudi moraju imati slobodu distribuiranja takvih oblika da bi prona¹li
-naèin njihove izradbe.
-
-<P>
-Vi morate imati pristup izvornome kodu programa kako bi sloboda mijenjanja i
-objavljivanja pobolj¹anih inaèica bila svrsishodna. Dakle, pristup izvornome
-kodu je nu¾dan uvjet za slobodni softver.
-
-<P>
-Da bi te slobode bile stvarne, one moraju biti neopozive sve dok ne èinite
-nekakvo zlo; ako razvijatelj softvera ima moæ opozivosti licence, a bez
-ikakva razloga s va¹e strane, softver nije slobodan.
-
-<P>
-Ipak, prihvatljive su stanovite vrste pravila o naèinu distribuiranja
-slobodnog softvera, dok nisu u sukobu sa sredi¹njim slobodama. Naprimjer,
-"copyleft" (te¹ko prevodiva igra rijeèi, od "copyright", eng. autorsko
-pravo, op.prev.) (vrlo pojednostavljeno) je pravilo po kojemu pri
-distribuiranju programa, vi ne mo¾ete stavljati ogranièenja na sredi¹nje
-slobode drugih ljudi. Ovo pravilo nije u sukobu sa sredi¹njim slobodama;
-zapravo, ono ih ¹titi.
-
-<P>
-Prema tome, mo¾e biti da ste platili presnimke GNU softvera, ili ste ga dobili
-besplatno. Ma kako vi dobili te presnimke, uvijek imate slobodu ponovog
-presnimavanja i mijenjanja istih, pa èak i <A
-HREF="/philosophy/selling.html">prodavati presnimke</A>.
-
-<P>
-"Slobodni softver" ne znaèi i "netr¾i¹ni". Slobodni program mora biti
-dostupan za tr¾i¹nu uporabu. Tr¾i¹no razvijanje slobodnog softvera
-vi¹e nije ni¹ta neobièno; takvi programi su slobodni tr¾i¹ni softver.
-
-<P>
-Prihvatljiva su pravila o naèinu pakiranja preinaèenih inaèica, ako ona
-djelotvorno ne zaprjeèavaju va¹u slobodu ustupanja preinaèenih inaèica. Pravila
-poput "ako program uèinite dostupnim na ovaj naèin, morate ga uèiniti dostupnim
-i na onaj naèin" mogu takoðer biti prihvatljiva, pod istim uvjetima. (Uoèite da
-vam takvo pravilo omoguæuje izbor izmeðu objavljivanja i neobjavljivanja
-programa.)
-
-<P>
-U GNU projektu koristimo se <A HREF="/copyleft/copyleft.html">
-``copyleftom''</A> da bismo zakonski za¹titili te slobode za svakoga. Ali
-<A HREF="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">slobodni
-softver bez copylefta</A> takoðer postoji. Vjerujemo da postoje va¾ni
-razlozi za¹to je <A HREF="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">bolje koristiti se
-copyleftom</A>, meðutim, ako se na va¹ program i ne primjenjuje copyleft
-slobodnog softvera, mi ga svejedno mo¾emo rabiti.
-
-<P>
-Pogledajte <A HREF="/philosophy/categories.html">Kategorije slobodnog softvera
-(18k znakova)</A> za opis meðusobnih odnosa ``slobodnog softvera'', ``softvera
-s copyleftom'' i drugih kategorija softvera.
-
-<P>
-Kadkada vladine <A NAME="exportcontrol">uredbe o nadzoru izvoza</A> i
trgovinske
-sankcije mogu ogranièiti va¹u slobodu meðunarodnog distribuiranja presnimaka i
-programa. Razvojnici softvera nemaju moæ odbacivanja i prebrisavanja takvih
-ogranièenja, ali mogu i moraju odbiti njihovo nametanje na uvjete uporabe
-programa. Na taj naèin, ta ogranièenja neæe utjecati na djelatnosti ljudi izvan
-pravnog doma¹aja tih vlada.
-
-<P>
-Govoreæi o slobodnom softveru, najbolje je izbjegavati uporabu izraza poput
-"darovati" ili "besplatno", zato ¹to takvi izrazi daju naslutiti da je rijeè o
-cijeni, a ne o slobodi. Neki uobièajeni izrazi poput "piratstvo" utjelovljuju
-mi¹ljenja za koja se nadamo da ih vi ne odobravate. Pogledajte
-<A HREF="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Zbunjujuæe rijeèi i izrazi koje
-vrijedi izbjegavati</A> za raspravu o njima. Takoðer imamo popis
-<A HREF="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">prijevoda "slobodnog softvera"</A>
-na raznorazne jezike.
-
-<P>
-Naposlijetku, uoèite da navedena mjerila u odredbenici slobodnog softvera
-zahtijevaju pozorno promi¹ljanje u njihovu tumaèenju. U odluèivanju o tome
-zadovoljava li pojedino dopu¹tenje o uporabi softvera (licenca) mjerila
-licenci slobodnog softvera, prosuðujemo ga na osnovu tih mjerila kako bi
-utvrdili je li ono u duhu tih mjerila kao i razluèivost znaèenja rijeèi
-(odn. toèno kako je sroèena). Ako licenca sadr¾i prekomjerna ogranièenja,
-ne prihvaæamo ga, èak ni onda ako nismo predosjetili predmet raspravljanja u
-mjerilima dopu¹tenja. Kadkada zahtjev neke licence iznese na vidjelo predmet
-o kojemu valja na¹iroko porazmisliti prije no ¹to odluèimo je li zahtjev
-prihvatljiv, ukljuèujuæi u to i raspravu s pravnikom. Kada donesemo
-zakljuèak, kadkada osuvremenimo ta mjerila da bismo uèinili jasnijima
-razloge za¹to odreðena dopu¹tenja zadovoljavaju ili ne zadovoljavaju.
-
-<P>
-Ako vas zanima je li odreðena licenca meðu licencama slobodnog softvera,
-pogledajte na¹ <A HREF="/philosophy/license-list.html">popis licenci</A>.
-Ako se licenca koja vas zanima ne nalazi na ovom popisu, mo¾ete nam se
-obratiti ¹aljuæi nam e-po¹tu na
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></A>.
-
-<HR>
-
-<H4><A HREF="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Ostali tekstovi za proèitati</A></H4>
-
-<P>
-
-Jedna druga skupina ljudi poèela je rabiti izraz
-<A HREF="open-source-misses-the-point.html">otvoreni izvornik</A> u znaèenju
-neèega bliskoga (ali ne i istovjetnoga) sa "slobodnim softverom".
-
-<HR>
-
-Natrag na <A HREF="/home.html">GNU-ovu poèetnu stranicu</A>.
-<P>
-Molimo ¹aljite upite o GNU-u i FSF-u na
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><EM>address@hidden</EM></A>.
-Ostali <A HREF="/home.html#ContactInfo">naèini kontaktiranja</A> FSF-a.
-<P>
-Molimo ¹aljite komentare o ovim web stranicama na
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><EM>address@hidden</EM></A>,
-ostala pitanja ¹aljite na
-<A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";><EM>address@hidden</EM></A>.
-<P>
-Vlasnik autorskih prava (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.,
-51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA
-<P>
-Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
-permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.<P>
+tome, možete slobodno ponovno distribuirati kopije, s preinakama ili bez
+njih, bez naplate ili s naplatom troškova distribucije, <a
+href="#exportcontrol">svakome svugdje</a>. Biti slobodnim Äiniti sve to
+znaÄi (izmeÄu ostalog) da ne morate tražiti dopuÅ¡tenje niti platiti za
+njega.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Trebali biste, takoÄer, imati slobodu Äiniti preinake i rabiti ih privatno u
+vašem poslu ili igri, bez ikakve obveze spominjanja njihova postojanja. Ako
+objavite vaše preinake, niste obvezni na to nikoga posebno upozoravati, ni
+na koji posebni naÄin.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sloboda uporabe programa znaÄi slobodu osobe bilo koje vrste, ili
+organizacije, da ga rabi na bilo kojoj vrsti raÄunalnih sustava, za bilo
+koju vrstu sveukupnog posla i svrhe, bez ikakve obveze za naknadnim
+priopÄavanjima toga developeru programa, ili bilo kojem posebnom tijelu. U
+toj slobodi, <em>korisniÄka</em> svrha je važna, ne svrha
+<em>developera</em>; vi ste kao korisnik slobodni pokretati program za vaše
+svrhe, i ako distribuirate nekom drugom, ona je tada slobodna pokrenuti
+program za svoje svrhe, ali vi nemate pravo nametnuti njoj vaše svrhe.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sloboda distribuiranja kopija mora ukljuÄivati binarne ili izvrÅ¡ne oblike
+programa, kao i njegov izvorni kod, i izmijenjene i netaknute
+inaÄice. (Distribuiranje programa u izvrÅ¡nom obliku je nužno za slobodne
+operativne sustave koji se mogu pogodno instalirati.) Sasvim je u redu ako
+ne postoji naÄin izrade binarnog ili izvrÅ¡nog oblika odreÄenog programa
+(poÅ¡to neki jezici ne podržavaju tu znaÄajku), ali ljudi moraju imati
+slobodu distribuiranja takvih oblika da bi pronaÅ¡li ili razvili naÄin
+njihove izrade.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Da bi slobode 1 i 3 (sloboda izrade izmjena i sloboda objave izmijenjenih
+inaÄica) bile smislene, morate imati pristup izvornom kodu programa. Prema
+tome, dostupnost izvornog koda je nužan uvjet za slobodan softver. Namjerno
+viÅ¡eznaÄan i nerazumljiv (<i>obfuscated</i>) “izvorni kod” nije
+pravi izvorni kod i ne prolazi kao izvorni kod.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sloboda 1 ukljuÄuje slobodu da koristite vaÅ¡u izmijenjenu inaÄicu umjesto
+originala. Ako je program isporuÄen u proizvodu dizajniranom da izvodi tuÄe
+izmijenjene inaÄice ali odbija izvoditi vaÅ¡e — praksa znana kao
+“tivoizacija” ili “svoÄenje na zakljuÄavanje
+(<i>lockdown</i>)”, ili (u izopaÄenoj terminologiji njenih
+praktikanata) kao “sigurnosno podizanje sustava (<i>secure
+boot</i>)” — sloboda 1 postaje teoretska fantastika radije nego
+praktiÄna sloboda. To nije dovoljno. Drugim rijeÄima, te binarne datoteke
+nisu slobodan softver iako je izvorni kod iz kojeg su kompilirane slobodan.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Jedan važan naÄin preinake programa je ukljuÄivanje dostupnih slobodnih
+potprograma i modula. Ako licenca programa kaže da ne možete ukljuÄiti
+pogodno licencirani postojeÄi modul — na primjer, ako zahtijeva od vas
+da budete posjednik autorskih prava kopiranja bilo kojeg koda kojeg dodate
+— tada je licenca previÅ¡e restriktivna da bi se kvalificirala kao
+slobodna.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sloboda 3 ukljuÄuje slobodu da objavite vaÅ¡e preinaÄene inaÄice kao
slobodan
+softver. Slobodna licenca može isto i dopustiti druge naÄine objavljivanja;
+drugim rijeÄima, ne mora biti <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+(teÅ¡ko prevodiva igra rijeÄi, od “<i>copyright</i>”,
+eng. autorsko pravo, op.prev.) licenca. MeÄutim, licenca koja zahtijeva da
+preinaÄene inaÄice budu neslobodne se ne kvalificira kao slobodna licenca.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Da bi te slobode bile stvarne, one moraju biti trajne i neopozive sve dok ne
+Äinite neko zlo; ako developer softvera ima moÄ opozivanja licence, ili
+retroaktivno dodavanja restrikcija na pravila, a bez ikakva razloga s vaše
+strane, softver nije slobodan.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ipak, prihvatljive su stanovite vrste pravila o naÄinu distribuiranja
+slobodnog softvera, dok nisu u sukobu sa središnjim slobodama. Na primjer,
+copyleft (vrlo pojednostavnjeno) je pravilo po kojemu pri distribuiranju
+programa, vi ne možete stavljati ograniÄenja na srediÅ¡nje slobode drugih
+ljudi. Ovo pravilo nije u sukobu sa središnjim slobodama; zapravo, ono ih
+Å¡titi.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+“Slobodan softver” ne znaÄi “netržiÅ¡ni”. Slobodan
+program mora biti dostupan za tržišnu uporabu, tržišno razvijanje i
tržišnu
+distribuciju. TržiÅ¡no razvijanje slobodnog softvera viÅ¡e nije neobiÄno;
+takav slobodan tržišni softver je vrlo važan. Može biti da ste platili
+kopije slobodnog softvera, ili ste možda nabavili kopije besplatno. Ma kako
+vi dobili te vaše kopije, uvijek imate slobodu ponovnog kopiranja i
+mijenjanja istih, pa Äak i <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">prodavanja
+kopija</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Da li izmjena tvori poboljšanje je subjektivna stvar. Ako je vaše pravo da
+mijenjate program ograniÄeno, u suÅ¡tini, na izmjene koje netko drugi smatra
+poboljšanjem, taj program nije slobodan.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+MeÄutim, prihvatljiva su pravila o naÄinu pakiranja preinaÄenih inaÄica,
ako
+ona djelotvorno ne sprjeÄavaju vaÅ¡u slobodu ustupanja preinaÄenih inaÄica,
+ili vaÅ¡u slobodu da privatno napravite i koristite preinaÄene inaÄice. Dakle
+je prihvatljivo za licencu da zahtijeva da promijenite ime izmijenjene
+inaÄice, odstranite logo ili identificirate vaÅ¡e preinake kao vaÅ¡e. Sve dok
+ti zahtjevi nisu toliko tegobni da vas efektivno sputavaju u objavi vaših
+izmjena, oni su prihvatljivi; vi veÄ radite druge izmjene u programu, pa
+neÄete imati problema u izradi joÅ¡ nekoliko.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Poseban problem nastaje kada licenca zahtijeva izmjenu imena kojim Äe se
+program pozvati iz drugih programa. To vas efektivno sputava od
+objavljivanja vaÅ¡e izmijenjene inaÄice tako da može zamijeniti original kada
+se pozove iz tih drugih programa. Ovakva vrsta zahtijeva je prihvatljiva
+samo ako postoji pogodno postrojenje za upravljanje pseudonimima koje vam
+dopušta da odredite ime originalnoga programa kao pseudonim za izmijenjenu
+inaÄicu.</p>
+
+<p>
+Pravila takva da “ako napravite vaÅ¡u inaÄicu dostupnu na ovaj naÄin,
+morate je isto napraviti dostupnom na onaj naÄin” mogu isto biti
+prihvatljiva, pod istim uvjetom. Primjer takvog prihvatljivog pravila je ono
+koje govori da ako ste distribuirali izmijenjenu inaÄicu i prijaÅ¡nji
+developer pita za kopiju iste, morate poslati kopiju. (Primijetite da vam
+takvo pravilo joÅ¡ uvijek ostavlja izbor da li uopÄe distribuirati vaÅ¡u
+inaÄicu.) Pravila koja zahtijevaju objavu izvornog koda korisnicima za
+inaÄice koje ste stavili u javnu upotrebu su isto prihvatljiva.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+U GNU projektu, upotrebljavamo <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> da bi pravno zaštitili te
+slobode za svih. Ali <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">slobodan
+softver koji nije pod copyleftom</a> isto postoji. Vjerujemo da postoje
+važni razlozi zašto <a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">je bolje koristiti
+copyleft</a>, ali ako je vaš program slobodan softver koji nije pod
+copyleftom, joÅ¡ je uvijek u osnovi etiÄan. (Pogledajte <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html">kategorije slobodnog softvera</a> za opis
+kako se “slobodan softver,” “softver pod copyleftom”
+i druge kategorije softvera odnose jedna prema drugoj.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ponekad vladini <a id="exportcontrol">propisi o kontroli izvoza</a> i
+odobrenja za trgovinu mogu ograniÄiti vaÅ¡u slobodu da distribuirate kopije
+programa internacionalno. Developeri softvera nemaju moÄ eliminacije ili
+nadglasavanja tih restrikcija, ali ono Å¡to oni mogu i moraju napraviti je
+odbijanje da ih nametnu kao uvjete uporabe programa. Na taj naÄin,
+restrikcije neÄe utjecati na aktivnosti i ljude izvan nadležnosti tih
+vlada. Dakle, licence slobodnog softvera ne smiju zahtijevati poslušnost
+bilo kojem propisu o izvozu kao uvjetu za bilo koje od suštinskih sloboda.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+VeÄina licenci slobodnog softvera je bazirana na autorskim pravima, i
+postoje granice na vrste zahtijeva koji mogu biti nametnuti kroz autorsko
+pravo. Ako licenca bazirana na autorskom pravu poÅ¡tuje slobodu na naÄin
+opisan iznad, nevjerojatno je pojavljivanje druge vrste problema kojeg nismo
+predvidjeli (iako se to ponekad dogodi). MeÄutim, neke licence slobodnog
+softvera su bazirane na ugovorima, i ugovori mogu nametnuti mnogo veÄi opseg
+moguÄih restrikcija. To znaÄi da postoje mnogi moguÄi naÄini na koje takva
+licenca može biti neprihvatljivo restriktivna i neslobodna.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Nismo u moguÄnosti da popiÅ¡emo sve naÄine na koje se to može dogoditi. Ako
+licenca bazirana na ugovoru ograniÄava korisnika na neuobiÄajeni naÄin,
+ograniÄavanje koje licenca bazirana na autorskom pravu ne može napraviti, i
+koje nije spomenuto ovdje kao legitimno, morati Äemo razmisliti o tome, i
+vjerojatno Äemo zakljuÄiti da je neslobodna.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Kada se govori o slobodnom softveru, najbolje je izbjegavati termine kao
+“dati” ili “besplatno” zato jer ti termini
+impliciraju da je problem u cijeni, ne u slobodi. Neki uobiÄajeni termini
+kao Å¡to su “piratstvo” utjelovljuju miÅ¡ljenja za koja se nadamo
+da ih neÄete odobriti. Pogledajte <a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">zbunjujuÄe rijeÄi i fraze koje je
+najbolje izbjegavati</a> za raspravu o tim terminima. TakoÄer imamo popis
+pravih <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">prijevoda “slobodnog
+softvera”</a> na razne jezike.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Napokon, primijetite da kriteriji, kakvi su iskazani u ovoj definiciji
+slobodnog softvera, zahtijevaju pomnu misao za njihovu interpretaciju. Da se
+doÄe do odluke o tome da li se odreÄena softverska licenca kvalificira kao
+licenca slobodnog softvera, prosuÄujemo na temelju tih kriterija da bi
+odredili da li odgovara njihovom duhu kao i preciznim rijeÄima. Ako licenca
+ukljuÄuje nesavjesne restrikcije, mi je odbijamo, Äak iako nismo predvidjeli
+problem u ovim kriterijima. Ponekad zahtjevi licence podižu pitanje koje
+zahtijeva opsežnu misao, ukljuÄujuÄi i raspravu sa odvjetnikom, prije nego
+Å¡to možemo odluÄiti da li je zahtjev prihvatljiv. Kada napravimo zakljuÄak
+oko novog predmeta, Äesto ažuriramo ove kriterije da bi olakÅ¡ali
+razumijevanje o razlozima zaÅ¡to se odreÄene licence kvalificiraju ili ne
+kvalificiraju.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ako ste zainteresirani o tome da li se odreÄena licenca kvalificira kao
+licenca slobodnog softvera, pogledajte naš <a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html">popis licenci</a>. Ako je licenca kojom
+ste bavite nije ukljuÄena u popis, možete nas pitati o toj licenci slanjem
+elektroniÄke poÅ¡te na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ako razmišljate o pisanju nove licence, molimo vas prvo kontaktirajte
+Zakladu za slobodan softver na navedenu adresu. Proliferacija razliÄitih
+licenci slobodnog softvera znaÄi poveÄani napor za korisnike da shvate te
+licence; možda vam možemo pomoÄi naÄi postojeÄu licencu slobodnog softvera
+koja odgovara vašim potrebama.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ako to nije moguÄe, ako zaista trebate novu licencu, s naÅ¡om pomoÄi vi
+možete osigurati da je licenca zaista licenca slobodnog softvera i tako
+izbjeÄi razne praktiÄne probleme.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="beyond-software">Iznad softvera</h3>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Softverski priruÄnici moraju biti
+slobodni</a>, iz istih razloga zbog kojih softver mora biti slobodan, i zato
+jer su priruÄnici ustvari dio softvera.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Isti argumenti takoÄer imaju smisla za druge vrste djela za praktiÄnu
+uporabu — to jest, djela koja utjelovljuju korisno znanje, kao Å¡to su
+djela za obrazovanje i referentna djela. <a
+href="http://wikipedia.org";>Wikipedia</a> je najbolje znani primjer.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Svaka vrsta djela <em>može</em> biti slobodna, i definicija slobodnog
+softvera je proširena na definiciju <a
+href="http://freedomdefined.org/";>slobodnih kulturoloških djela</a>
+primjenjivu na bilo koju vrstu djela.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="open-source">Otvoren izvorni kod?</h3>
+
+<p>
+Druga grupa je poÄela koristiti termin “otvoreni izvorni kod” da
+bi oznaÄila neÅ¡to blisko (ali ne identiÄno) sa “slobodnim
+softverom”. ViÅ¡e volimo termin “slobodan softver” jer,
+jednom kada ste Äuli da se odnosi na slobodu radije nego cijenu, priziva
+pojam slobode. RijeÄ “otvoreni” <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> nikada se ne odnosi na
+slobodu</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="History">Povijest</h3>
+
+<p>S vremena na vrijeme revidiramo ovu definiciju slobodnog softvera. Ovdje je
+popis izmjena, zajedno sa poveznicama, da bi se toÄno pokazalo Å¡to je
+izmijenjeno.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111";>InaÄica
+1.111</a>: Pojasni 1.77 govoreÄi da su samo retroaktivne
+<em>restrikcije</em> neprihvatljive. Vlasnici autorskih prava mogu uvijek
+dodijeliti dodatna <em>dopuštenja</em> za uporabu djela objavljivanjem djela
+paralelno na drugi naÄin.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105";>InaÄica
+1.105</a>: Pojasni, u kratkoj izjavi slobode 1, svrhu (veÄ izjavljenu u
+inaÄici 1.80) da sloboda uistinu ukljuÄuje uporabu vaÅ¡e izmijenjene inaÄice
+u vaÅ¡im raÄunalnim aktivnostima.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92";>InaÄica
+1.92</a>: Pojasni da se namjerno viÅ¡eznaÄan i nerazumljiv kod ne kvalificira
+kao izvorni kod.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90";>InaÄica
+1.90</a>: Pojasni da sloboda 3 znaÄi pravo distribuiranja kopija vaÅ¡e
+vlastite izmijenjene ili poboljÅ¡ane inaÄice, ne pravo sudjelovanja u tuÄem
+projektu razvitka.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89";>InaÄica
+1.89</a>: Sloboda 3 ukljuÄuje pravo objave izmijenjenih inaÄica kao
+slobodnog softvera.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80";>InaÄica
+1.80</a>: Sloboda 1 mora biti praktiÄna, ne samo teoretska, to jest, bez
+tivoizacije.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77";>InaÄica
+1.77</a>: Pojasni da su sve retroaktivne izmjene u licenci neprihvatljive,
+Äak iako nisu opisane kao potpune zamjene.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74";>InaÄica
+1.74</a>: Äetiri pojaÅ¡njenja toÄaka koje nisu bile dovoljno eksplicitne, ili
+su navedene na nekim mjestima, ali nisu odražene svugdje:
+<ul>
+<li>"PoboljÅ¡anja" ne znaÄi da licenca može nezavisno ograniÄiti vrste
+izmijenjenih inaÄica koje možete objaviti. Sloboda 3 ukljuÄuje
+distribuiranje izmijenjenih inaÄica, ne samo izmjena.</li>
+<li>Pravo ukljuÄivanja postojeÄih modula se odnosi na one koji su pogodno
+licencirani.</li>
+<li>Eksplicitno navedi zakljuÄak o smislu kontrole izvoza.</li>
+<li>Nametanje izmjene licence tvori opoziv stare licence.</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57";>InaÄica
+1.57</a>: Dodah "Iznad softvera" odjeljak.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46";>InaÄica
+1.46</a>: Pojasni Äija svrha je znaÄajna u slobodi da se pokreÄe program u
+bilo koje svrhe.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41";>InaÄica
+1.41</a>: Pojasni formulaciju o licencama baziranima na ugovoru. </li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40";>InaÄica
+1.40</a>: Objasni da slobodna licenca mora dopustiti vama da koristite drugi
+dostupni slobodan softver da biste napravili vaše preinake.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39";>InaÄica
+1.39</a>: Primijeti da je prihvatljivo za licencu da zahtijeva od vas da
+pružite izvorni kod za inaÄice softvera kojeg stavljate u javnu
upotrebu.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31";>InaÄica
+1.31</a>: Primijeti da je prihvatljivo za licencu da zahtijeva od vas da se
+identificirate kao autor preinaka. Druga manja pojašnjenja kroz tekst.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23";>InaÄica
+1.23</a>: Adresirah potencijalne probleme vezane uz licence bazirane na
+ugovoru. </li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16";>InaÄica
+1.16</a>: Objasni zašto je distribucija binarnih datoteka važna.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>InaÄica
+1.11</a>: Primijeti da slobodna licenca može zahtijevati od vas da autoru
+poÅ¡aljete kopiju inaÄice koju distribuirate.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>Postoje praznine u brojevima inaÄica pokazanima iznad zato jer postoje
druge
+izmjene na stranici koje ne utjeÄu na definiciju kao takvu. Te izmjene su na
+drugim dijelovima stranice. Možete pregledati potpuni popis izmjena na
+stranici kroz <a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvsweb
+suÄelje</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Molim vas Å¡aljite opÄenite FSF & GNU upite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje isto i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a.
+<br />
+Prekinute poveznice i drugi ispravci ili prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe da bi pružili toÄne, visoko kvalitetne
+prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molim vas Å¡aljite
+vaÅ¡e komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+<p>Za informacije o koordiniranju i slanju prijevoda naših mrežnih stranica,
+pogledajte <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README za
+prijevode</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.<br />Copyright © 2001 Vladimir Dananic (translation)
+</p>
+<p>Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";> Creative
+Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
Zadnji put promijenjeno:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/02/08 07:06:08 $ $Author: ineiev $
+
+$Date: 2013/04/08 14:59:36 $
+
<!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.hr.po
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+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.hr.po 8 Apr 2013 14:59:37 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-04-08 15:19+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Marin Rameša <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: hrvatski <>\n"
+"Language: hr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
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"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
-"Prekinute poveznice i drugi ispravci ili "
-"prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
-"address@hidden></a>."
+"Prekinute poveznice i drugi ispravci ili prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
Index: server/gnun/compendia/compendium.hr.po
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diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- server/gnun/compendia/compendium.hr.po 7 Apr 2013 11:00:57 -0000
1.1
+++ server/gnun/compendia/compendium.hr.po 8 Apr 2013 14:59:37 -0000
1.2
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
+"Prekinute poveznice i drugi ispravci ili prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
#
#
@@ -184,6 +186,8 @@
"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Zaklada za slobodan softver, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, slobodan "
+"softver, operativni sustav, GNU jezgra, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid ""
@@ -191,10 +195,13 @@
"computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they "
"use."
msgstr ""
+"Od 1983., razvijajuÄi GNU—operativni sustav nalik na Unix—tako "
+"da raÄunalni korisnici mogu imati slobodu razmjenjivati i poboljÅ¡ati
softver "
+"koji koriste."
#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
msgid "What's New"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Å to ima novoga?"
#. type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
#, fuzzy
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-sw.hr-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/free-sw.hr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.hr-en.html 8 Apr 2013 14:59:37 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>What is free software?</h2>
+
+<h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a
+particular software program qualifies as free software. From time to
+time we revise this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions
+about subtle issues. See the <a href="#History">History section</a>
+below for a list of changes that affect the definition of free
+software.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+“Free software” means software that respects users'
+freedom and community. Roughly, <b>the users have the freedom to run,
+copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. With these
+freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control the
+program and what it does for them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When users don't control the program, the program controls the users.
+The developer controls the program, and through it controls the users.
+This nonfree or “proprietary” program is therefore an
+instrument of unjust power.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price.
+To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as
+in “free speech,” not as in “free beer”.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A program is free software if the program's users have the
+four essential freedoms:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
+ <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
+ does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
+ code is a precondition for this.
+ </li>
+ <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
+ (freedom 2).
+ </li>
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
+ to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole
+ community a chance to benefit from your changes.
+ Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus,
+you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without
+modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
+<a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
+things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
+for permission to do so.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
+privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
+exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
+notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
+or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
+with the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is
+the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
+purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
+and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
+for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
+forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
+unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
+for conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there
+is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
+(since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
+freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
+make them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
+freedom to publish the changed versions) to be meaningful, you must have
+access to the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of
+source code is a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated
+“source code” is not real source code and does not count
+as source code.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
+the original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to
+run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a
+practice known as “tivoization” or “lockdown”,
+or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as “secure
+boot” — freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather
+than a practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words,
+these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are
+compiled from is free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you
+cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
+as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of
+releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
+a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a
+license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
+as a free license.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
+irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
+software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add
+restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give
+cause, the software is not free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
+software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
+freedoms. For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the rule that
+when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny
+other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with
+the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free
+program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
+and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software
+is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
+You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
+obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies,
+you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
+If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that
+someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
+if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
+versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
+Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
+name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
+modifications as yours. As long as these requirements are not so
+burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
+changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
+the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by
+which the program will be invoked from other programs. That
+effectively hampers you from releasing your changed version so that it
+can replace the original when invoked by those other programs. This
+sort of requirement is acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing
+facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an
+alias for the modified version.</p>
+
+<p>
+Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you
+must make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too,
+on the same condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one
+saying that if you have distributed a
+modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
+must send one. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
+whether to distribute your version at all.) Rules that require release
+of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
+are also acceptable.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU project, we use
+<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">noncopylefted
+free software</a> also exists. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use copyleft</a>,
+but if your program is noncopylefted free software, it is still basically
+ethical. (See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
“copylefted software” and other categories of software relate to
each other.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
+and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
+programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to
+eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
+is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this
+way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
+jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses
+must not require obedience to any export regulations as a condition of
+any of the essential freedoms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
+on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
+is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a
+contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
+copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
+legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
+it is nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
+like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
imply that
+the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
+as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
+are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have
+a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
+“free software”</a> into various languages.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
+definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
+whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
+we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
+spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable
+restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue
+in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue
+that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer,
+before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach
+a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
+it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
+software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
+of licenses</a>. If the license you are concerned with is not
+listed there, you can ask us about it by sending us email at
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
+Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
+proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
+for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
+find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
+help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
+and avoid various practical problems.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h3>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
+for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
+manuals are in effect part of the software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
+practical use — that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
+such as educational works and reference
+works. <a href="http://wikipedia.org";>Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
+example.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
+has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/";>
+free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="open-source">Open Source?</h3>
+
+<p>
+Another group has started using the term “open source” to mean
+something close (but not identical) to “free software”. We
+prefer the term “free software” because, once you have heard that
+it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
+word “open” <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never refers to freedom</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="History">History</h3>
+
+<p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition. Here is
+the list of changes, along with links to show exactly what was
+changed.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111";>Version
+1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by saying that only
+retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The copyright
+holders can always grant additional <em>permission</em> for use of the
+work by releasing the work in another way in parallel.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105";>Version
+1.105</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
+(already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
+version for your computing.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92";>Version
+1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90";>Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
+of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
+in someone else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89";>Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
+free software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80";>Version
+1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
+i.e., no tivoization.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77";>Version
+1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
+unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
+replacement.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74";>Version
+1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
+in some places but not reflected everywhere:
+<ul>
+<li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
+substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
+Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
+<li>The right to merge in existing modules
+refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
+<li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
+<li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57";>Version
+1.57</a>: Add "Beyond Software" section.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46";>Version
+1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
+the program for any purpose.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41";>Version
+1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40";>Version
+1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
+available free software to create your modifications.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39";>Version
+1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
+provide source for versions of the software you put into public
+use.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31";>Version
+1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
+identify yourself as the author of modifications. Other minor
+clarifications throughout the text.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23";>Version
+1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
+licenses.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16";>Version
+1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>Version
+1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
+versions you distribute to the author.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>There are gaps in the version numbers shown above because there are
+other changes in this page that do not affect the definition as such.
+These changes are in other parts of the page. You can review the
+complete list of changes to the page through
+the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvsweb
+interface</a>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996-2002, 2004-2007, 2009, 2010, 2012 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
+</p>
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/08 14:59:37 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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