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www/gnu/po thegnuproject.nl.po
|
From: |
Tom Uijldert |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu/po thegnuproject.nl.po |
|
Date: |
Wed, 04 Jul 2012 19:57:09 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Tom Uijldert <tuijldert> 12/07/04 19:57:09
Added files:
gnu/po : thegnuproject.nl.po
Log message:
Initial conversion to GNUN.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: thegnuproject.nl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: thegnuproject.nl.po
diff -N thegnuproject.nl.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ thegnuproject.nl.po 4 Jul 2012 19:56:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2211 @@
+# Dutch translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Tom Uijldert <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#| msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr "Over het GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+
+# | [-About the-]{+GNU,+} GNU [-Project - GNU Project --] {+Project, FSF, Free
+# | Software,+} Free Software [-Foundation (FSF)-] {+Foundation, History+}
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#| msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
+msgstr "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation,
Geschiedenis"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#| msgid "The GNU Project"
+msgid "The GNU Project"
+msgstr "Het GNU Project"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#| "strong></a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr "door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
+
+# | [-originally-]{+the original version was+} published in the book
+# | “Open Sources”
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "originally published in the book “Open Sources”"
+msgid "the original version was published in the book “Open
Sources”"
+msgstr "eerder gepubliceerd in het boek \"Open Sources\""
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The first software-sharing community"
+msgid "The first software-sharing community"
+msgstr "De eerste software-delende gemeenschap"
+
+# | When I started working at the [-<abbr-] {+<acronym+} title=\"Massachusetts
+# | Institute of [-Technology\">MIT</abbr>-] {+Technology\">MIT</acronym>+}
+# | Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part of a software-sharing
+# | community that had existed for many years. Sharing of software was not
+# | limited to our particular community; it is as old as computers, just as
+# | sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we did it more than most.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+#| "Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
+#| "part of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. "
+#| "Sharing of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as "
+#| "old as computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But "
+#| "we did it more than most."
+msgid "When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute
of Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became
part of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. Sharing
of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as old as
computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we did it more
than most."
+msgstr "Toen ik mijn loopbaan begon aan het Laboratorium van Kunstmatige
Intelligentie aan het <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of
Technology\">MIT</acronym> in 1971, werd ik opgenomen in een software-delende
gemeenschap die al jaren bestond. Het delen van software was niet voorbehouden
aan onze eigen gemeenschap; het is al zo oud als de computer, net als het
uitwisselen van recepten zo oud is als koken. Maar wij deden het meer dan de
meesten."
+
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called [-<abbr-]
+# | {+<acronym+} title=\"Incompatible Timesharing [-System\">ITS</abbr>-]
+# | {+System\">ITS</acronym>+} (the Incompatible Timesharing System) that the
+# | lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in assembler language for
+# | the Digital [-<abbr-] {+<acronym+} title=\"Programmed Data
+# | [-Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10,-] {+Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10,+} one of
+# | the large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI
+# | [-l-]{+L+}ab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
+msgid "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym
title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible
Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written
in assembler language for the Digital <acronym title=\"Programmed Data
Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve
this system."
+msgstr "Het Laboratorium voor Kunstmatige Intelligentie (KI lab.) gebruikte
een timesharing besturingssysteem met de naam <acronym title=\"Incompatible
Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (het ‘Incompatibele Timesharing
Systeem’) dat hackers (1) onder het laboratoriumpersoneel hadden
ontworpen en geschreven in assembleer taal voor de <acronym title=\"Programmed
Data Processor\">PDP</acronym>-10 van Digital, één van de grote
computers uit die tijd. Als lid van deze gemeenschap, een hacker van het KI
lab., was het mijn taak dit systeem te verbeteren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
+msgid "We did not call our software “free software”, because that
term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another
university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let them.
If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you could
always ask to see the source code, so that you could read it, change it, or
cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
+msgstr "We noemden onze software geen “vrije software”, omdat die
term nog niet bestond; maar dat was het. Telkens wanneer mensen van een andere
universiteit of bedrijf een programma wilde vertalen en gebruiken voor een
ander platform, lieten we ze met plezier hun gang gaan. Als je iemand een
onbekend en interessant programma zag gebruiken, kon je altijd vragen om de
bron code zodat je het kon lezen, veranderen, en er stukken uit slopen om een
nieuw programma te maken."
+
+# | (1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker”
+# | is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to
+# | recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
+# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
+# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
+# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, <a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
+#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
+#| "”"
+msgid "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security
breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse
to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who
loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of
the two. See my article, <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+msgstr "(1) Het gebruik van het woord “hacker” in de betekenis van
“digitale inbreker” is een fout van de media. Wij hackers weigeren
deze betekenis te accepteren, en gaan door met de originele betekenis \"Iemand
die van programmeren houdt en/of er plezier in heeft er goed in te zijn\".Zie
ook mijn artikel: <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
Hacking</a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The collapse of the community"
+msgid "The collapse of the community"
+msgstr "Het instorten van de gemeenschap"
+
+# | The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital
+# | discontinued the [-<abbr>PDP</abbr>-10-] {+PDP-10+} series. Its
+# | architecture, elegant and powerful in the 60s, could not extend naturally
+# | to the larger address spaces that were becoming feasible in the 80s. This
+# | meant that nearly all of the programs composing [-<abbr>ITS</abbr>-]
+# | {+ITS+} were obsolete.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
+#| "discontinued the <abbr>PDP</abbr>-10 series. Its architecture, elegant "
+#| "and powerful in the 60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address "
+#| "spaces that were becoming feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly "
+#| "all of the programs composing <abbr>ITS</abbr> were obsolete."
+msgid "The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital
discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in the
60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address spaces that were becoming
feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly all of the programs composing ITS
were obsolete."
+msgstr "De situatie veranderde drastisch aan het begin van de jaren 80 toen
Digital stopte met de PDP-10 serie. Deze architectuur, elegant en krachtig in
de jaren zestig kon niet meekomen met de grotere adres ruimtes die mogelijk
werden in de tachtiger jaren. Dit betekende dat bijna alle programma's voor ITS
verouderd waren."
+
+# | The AI [-l-]{+L+}ab hacker community had already collapsed, not long
+# | before. In 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all
+# | of the hackers from the AI [-l-]{+L+}ab, and the depopulated community was
+# | unable to maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes
+# | these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its
+# | prime.) When the AI [-l-]{+L+}ab bought a new [-<abbr>PDP</abbr>-10-]
+# | {+PDP-10+} in 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's
+# | non[---]free timesharing system instead of [-<abbr>ITS</abbr>.-] {+ITS.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI lab bought a new <abbr>PDP</abbr>-10 in 1982, its "
+#| "administrators decided to use Digital's non-free timesharing system "
+#| "instead of <abbr>ITS</abbr>."
+msgid "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the hackers
from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to maintain itself.
(The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a
clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new
PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
system instead of ITS."
+msgstr "De gemeenschap van KI Lab hackers was kort daarvoor al ingestort. In
1981 had het spin-off bedrijf Symbolics bijna alle hackers van het KI lab.
ingehuurd, en de uitgedunde gemeenschap kon zichzelf niet in stand houden. (Het
boek Hackers, van Steve Levy, beschrijft deze gebeurtenissen, en geeft een
helder beeld van deze gemeenschap op haar hoogtepunt). Toen het KI lab. de
nieuwe PDP-10 kocht in 1982 besloten de beheerders om het private timesharing
systeem van Digital te gebruiken, in plaats van ITS"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their "
+#| "own operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to "
+#| "sign a nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
+msgid "The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had
their own operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to
sign a nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
+msgstr "De moderne computers uit die tijd, zoals de VAX of de 68020 hadden hun
eigen besturingssystemen, maar geen van deze was vrije software: je moest een
geheimhoudingsplicht ondertekenen om zelfs maar een gecompileerde kopie te
krijgen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
+#| "help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule "
+#| "made by the owners of proprietary software was, “If you share with "
+#| "your neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make "
+#| "them.”"
+msgid "This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not
to help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made
by the owners of proprietary software was, “If you share with your
neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make
them.”"
+msgstr "Dit betekende dat de eerste stap om een computer te kunnen gebruiken
was, om te beloven dat je je buurman niet zou helpen. Een samenwerkende
gemeenschap werd verboden. De regel, opgesteld door eigenaren van private
software was, “Als u uw software deelt met uw buurman, bent u een piraat.
Als u veranderingen wilt in een programma, smeek ons er dan om.”"
+
+# | The idea that the proprietary[---]{+ +}software social system—the
+# | system that says you are not allowed to share or change software—is
+# | antisocial, that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a
+# | surprise to some readers. But what else could we say about a system based
+# | on dividing the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the
+# | idea surprising may have taken [-proprietary-software-] {+the proprietary
+# | software+} social system as {+a+} given, or judged it on the terms
+# | suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software publishers have
+# | worked long and hard to convince people that there is only one way to look
+# | at the issue.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The idea that the proprietary-software social system—the system "
+#| "that says you are not allowed to share or change software—is "
+#| "antisocial, that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a "
+#| "surprise to some readers. But what else could we say about a system "
+#| "based on dividing the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find "
+#| "the idea surprising may have taken proprietary-software social system as "
+#| "given, or judged it on the terms suggested by proprietary software "
+#| "businesses. Software publishers have worked long and hard to convince "
+#| "people that there is only one way to look at the issue."
+msgid "The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system
that says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial,
that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a surprise to some
readers. But what else could we say about a system based on dividing the
public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the idea surprising may
have taken the proprietary software social system as a given, or judged it on
the terms suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software publishers
have worked long and hard to convince people that there is only one way to look
at the issue."
+msgstr "Het idee dat het systeem van private software—dat voorschrijft
dat u geen software mag veranderen of delen—asociaal is, of onethisch, of
zelfs simpelweg fout, kan als een verassing komen voor sommige lezers. Maar
welk ander oordeel kunnen we vellen over een systeem gebaseerd op het verdeel
en -heers principe waarbij gebruikers machteloos worden gemaakt? Lezers die dit
idee verbaasd hebben misschien het systeem van private software als een gegeven
beschouwd, of klakkeloos de zienswijze van private softwarebedrijven
overgenomen. Softwarebedrijven hebben tenslotte lang en hard gewerkt om mensen
te overtuigen dat er maar één manier is om naar deze zaak te
kijken."
+
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what
+# | they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for [-granted;-]
+# | {+granted, which+} the public is [-supposed-] {+asked+} to accept [-them
+# | uncritically. So let's-] {+without examination. Let's therefore+}
+# | examine them.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted; the public is supposed to accept them "
+#| "uncritically. So let's examine them."
+msgid "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
“rights” or “stopping <a
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they
actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these statements is in
the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to
accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
+msgstr "Als software uitgevers praten over “handhaving” van hun
“rechten” of het “stoppen van piraterij”; is wat ze
zeggen maar bijzaak. De echte boodschap in deze uitspraken zijn de impliciete
aannames die ze maken, en van de maatschappij wordt verwacht dat ze dit
klakkeloos overnemen. Laten we die aannames eens aan een onderzoek onderwerpen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
+#| "right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this "
+#| "were a natural right, then no matter how much harm it does to the public, "
+#| "we could not object.) Interestingly, the US Constitution and legal "
+#| "tradition reject this view; copyright is not a natural right, but an "
+#| "artificial government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural "
+#| "right to copy."
+msgid "One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable
natural right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this
were a natural right, then no matter how much harm it does to the public, we
could not object.) Interestingly, the US Constitution and legal tradition
reject this view; copyright is not a natural right, but an artificial
government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
+msgstr "Aangenomen wordt dat software bedrijven een onaantastbaar natuurlijk
recht hebben om software te bezitten, en daarmee macht te hebben over alle
gebruikers. (Als dit daadwerkelijk zo was, dan zouden we hier geen bezwaar
tegen kunnen maken, hoe schadelijk die situatie ook is voor de maatschappij.)
Opvallend is dat de Grondwet en justitiële traditie van de VS deze uitleg
verwerpen; auteursrecht is geen natuurlijk recht, maar een kunstmatig door de
overheid in stand gehouden monopolie, dat het natuurlijk gebruikersrecht om te
kopiëren aan banden legt."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about "
+#| "software is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users "
+#| "should not care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
+msgid "Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about
software is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should
not care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
+msgstr "Een andere stilzwijgende aanname is dat het enige belangrijke aan
software is wat je er mee kunt doen—dat wij computer gebruikers niet
maatschappelijk betrokken zouden mogen zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would "
+#| "never have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not "
+#| "offer a company power over the users of the program. This assumption may "
+#| "have seemed plausible, before the free software movement demonstrated "
+#| "that we can make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
+msgid "A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would
never have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a
company power over the users of the program. This assumption may have seemed
plausible, before the free software movement demonstrated that we can make
plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
+msgstr "Een derde aanname is dat wij geen bruikbare software zouden hebben (of
nooit een programma zouden hebben dat deze of gene bepaalde taak doet) als we
een bedrijf geen macht over de gebruikers van het programma zouden geven. Dit
leek een geloofwaardige aanname, voordat de vrije software beweging aantoonde
dat wij meer dan genoeg bruikbare software kunnen maken, zonder het aan de
ketting te leggen."
+
+# | If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on
+# | ordinary common[---]sense morality while placing the users first, we
+# | arrive at very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to
+# | modify programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because
+# | helping other people is the basis of society.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based "
+#| "on ordinary common-sense morality while placing the users first, we "
+#| "arrive at very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to "
+#| "modify programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because "
+#| "helping other people is the basis of society."
+msgid "If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based
on ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at
very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to modify programs
to fit their needs, and free to share software, because helping other people is
the basis of society."
+msgstr "Wanneer wij deze aannames verwerpen, en de zaak beoordelen met ons
gezond -moreel- verstand en we plaatsen de gebruikers op de eerste plaats, dan
komen we tot hele andere conclusies. Computer gebruikers zouden vrij moeten
zijn om programma's aan te passen aan hun behoeften, om de software vrij met
elkaar te delen, omdat andere mensen helpen de basis van een maatschappij is."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a>."
+msgid "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning
behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>."
+msgstr "Dit stuk wordt te lang met een uitgebreide verhandeling over de
motivatie achter deze conclusie, dus ik verwijs de lezer door naar deze web
pagina, <a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.nl.html\";>
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.nl.html</a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "A stark moral choice."
+msgid "A stark moral choice."
+msgstr "Een duidelijke morele keuze."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
+#| "faced a stark moral choice."
+msgid "With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead,
I faced a stark moral choice."
+msgstr "Nu mijn gemeenschap verdwenen was, kon ik niet op de oude voet
doorgaan. In plaats daarvan werd ik geconfronteerd met een scherpe morele
keuze."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
+#| "nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. "
+#| "Most likely I would also be developing software that was released under "
+#| "nondisclosure agreements, thus adding to the pressure on other people to "
+#| "betray their fellows too."
+msgid "The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing
nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most
likely I would also be developing software that was released under
nondisclosure agreements, thus adding to the pressure on other people to betray
their fellows too."
+msgstr "De makkelijke weg was om me aan te sluiten bij de private software
wereld, geheimhoudingsplichten te ondertekenen en te beloven mijn mede hacker
niet te helpen. Hoogstwaarschijnlijk zou ik dan ook software gaan ontwikkelen
die onder geheimhoudingsplicht zou worden gepubliceerd, en zo de druk verhogen
op andere mensen om ook hun medemens te verraden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing "
+#| "code. But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on "
+#| "years of building walls to divide people, and feel I had spent my life "
+#| "making the world a worse place."
+msgid "I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing
code. But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of
building walls to divide people, and feel I had spent my life making the world
a worse place."
+msgstr "Ik had op deze manier geld kunnen verdienen, en wellicht mezelf kunnen
amuseren met het schrijven van code. Maar ik wist dat ik aan het einde van mijn
loopbaan zou terugkijken op een leven waarin ik muren tussen mensen had
opgebouwd die mensen verdelen, en het gevoel zou hebben dat ik mijn leven in
dienst gesteld zou hebben van het verergeren van de toestand in de wereld."
+
+# | I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure
+# | agreement, when someone refused to give me and the [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-]
+# | {+MIT+} AI [-l-]{+L+}ab the source code for the control program for our
+# | printer. (The lack of certain features in this program made use of the
+# | printer extremely frustrating.) So I could not tell myself that
+# | nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very angry when he refused
+# | to share with us; I could not turn around and do the same thing to
+# | everyone else.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
+#| "agreement, when someone refused to give me and the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI "
+#| "lab the source code for the control program for our printer. (The lack "
+#| "of certain features in this program made use of the printer extremely "
+#| "frustrating.) So I could not tell myself that nondisclosure agreements "
+#| "were innocent. I was very angry when he refused to share with us; I "
+#| "could not turn around and do the same thing to everyone else."
+msgid "I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure
agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source code
for the control program for our printer. (The lack of certain features in this
program made use of the printer extremely frustrating.) So I could not tell
myself that nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very angry when he
refused to share with us; I could not turn around and do the same thing to
everyone else."
+msgstr "Ik had al ervaring opgedaan aan de verkeerde kant van een
geheimhoudingsplicht, toen iemand mij en het MIT KI Lab weigerde ons de
broncode van het stuurprogramma voor onze printer te geven. (Het gebrek aan
bepaalde mogelijkheden van dit programma maakte het gebruik van de printer
uitermate frustrerend.) Dus ik kon mezelf niet wijsmaken dat
geheimhoudingsplichten onschuldig waren. Ik werd erg kwaad toen hij weigerde
met ons te delen; ik kon mezelf niet verloochenen en anderen hetzelfde aandoen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
+#| "field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
+#| "wasted. I would not be culpable for dividing and restricting computer "
+#| "users, but it would happen nonetheless."
+msgid "Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the
computer field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still
be wasted. I would not be culpable for dividing and restricting computer
users, but it would happen nonetheless."
+msgstr "Een andere keuze, simpel maar onprettig, was om de computer wereld
vaarwel te zeggen. Op die manier zouden mijn vaardigheden niet worden
misbruikt, maar ze zouden wel weggegooid worden. I zou niet aangeklaagd kunnen
worden voor het verdelen en beperken van computer gebruikers, maar dat zou
zonder mij toch wel gebeuren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. "
+#| "I asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as "
+#| "to make a community possible once again?"
+msgid "So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the
good. I asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so
as to make a community possible once again?"
+msgstr "Dus ik zocht naar een manier waarop een programmeur toch iets goeds
kon doen. Ik vroeg mezelf af of er een programma was dat ik zou kunnen
schrijven, zodat een gemeenschap weer opnieuw mogelijk werd ?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. "
+#| "That is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an "
+#| "operating system, you can do many things; without one, you cannot run the "
+#| "computer at all. With a free operating system, we could again have a "
+#| "community of cooperating hackers—and invite anyone to join. And "
+#| "anyone would be able to use a computer without starting out by conspiring "
+#| "to deprive his or her friends."
+msgid "The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system.
That is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating
system, you can do many things; without one, you cannot run the computer at
all. With a free operating system, we could again have a community of
cooperating hackers—and invite anyone to join. And anyone would be able
to use a computer without starting out by conspiring to deprive his or her
friends."
+msgstr "Het antwoord was duidelijk: ten eerste was er een besturingssysteem
nodig. Dit is cruciale software voor het gebruik van een computer. Met een
besturingssysteem worden vele mogelijkheden gerealiseerd; zonder is een
computer volkomen onbruikbaar. Met een vrij besturingssysteem zouden we opnieuw
een gemeenschap van samenwerkende hackers hebben—en iedereen kunnen
uitnodigen om zich aan te sluiten. En iedereen zou een computer kunnen
gebruiken, zonder mee te hoeven doen aan een samenzwering die haar of zijn
vrienden uitsluit."
+
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen{+,+} following a hacker tradition, as a
+# | recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.”
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen following a hacker tradition, as a "
+#| "recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.”"
+msgid "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job.
So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so that
it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to it. The
name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive acronym for
“GNU's Not Unix.”"
+msgstr "Als ontwikkelaar van besturingssystemen had ik de juiste vaardigheden.
Dus hoewel succes niet verzekerd was realiseerde ik me dat ik dit werk zou
moeten doen. Ik koos ervoor om het systeem uitwisselbaar te maken met Unix,
zodat het overgezet kon worden naar andere computers en Unix gebruikers
makkelijk over konden stappen. De naam GNU volgde uit de hacker traditie van
recursieve afkortingen: “GNU's Not Unix” (GNU is geen Unix)."
+
+# | An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
+# | other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name
+# | included command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters,
+# | debuggers, text editors, mailers, and much more. [-<abbr>ITS</abbr>-]
+# | {+ITS+} had them, Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The
+# | GNU operating system would include them too.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run "
+#| "other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name "
+#| "included command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, "
+#| "debuggers, text editors, mailers, and much more. <abbr>ITS</abbr> had "
+#| "them, Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The GNU "
+#| "operating system would include them too."
+msgid "An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name
included command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, debuggers,
text editors, mailers, and much more. ITS had them, Multics had them, VMS had
them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
+msgstr "Een besturingssysteem bestaat niet alleen uit een kernel, net genoeg
om andere programma's te draaien. In de jaren zeventig bevatte ieder zichzelf
respecterend besturingssysteem commando uitvoerprogramma's, assembleerders,
compilers, interpreters, debuggers, tekstverwerkers, email programma's, en nog
veel meer. ITS had ze, Multics had ze, VMS had ze, en Unix had ze. Het GNU
besturingssysteem zou ze ook hebben."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgstr "Later hoorde ik deze woorden, toegeschreven aan Hillel (1):"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#| msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr "Als ik niet voor mezelf ben, wie zal dan voor mij zijn?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#| msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr "Als ik alleen voor mezelf ben, wat ben ik dan?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#| msgid "If not now, when?"
+msgid "If not now, when?"
+msgstr "Wanneer niet nu, wanneer dan?"
+
+# | The decision to start the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject was based on a similar
+# | spirit.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "The decision to start the GNU project was based on a similar spirit."
+msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
+msgstr "De beslissing om te starten met het GNU Project is hierop
geïnspireerd."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
sometimes find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr "(1) Als volbloed Atheïst volg ik geen religieuze leiders, maar
soms ontdek ik dat ik iets bewonder wat sommige van ze hebben gezegd."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Free as in freedom"
+msgid "Free as in freedom"
+msgstr "Vrij als in vrijheid"
+
+# | The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it
+# | has nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is
+# | the definition of free [-software: a program is free software, for you, a
+# | particular user, if:-] {+software.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it "
+#| "has nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is "
+#| "the definition of free software: a program is free software, for you, a "
+#| "particular user, if:"
+msgid "The term “free software” is sometimes
misunderstood—it has nothing to do with price. It is about freedom.
Here, therefore, is the definition of free software."
+msgstr "De term “vrije software” wordt soms verkeerd
opgevat—het heeft niets met prijs te maken. Het gaat om vrijheid (het
Engelse “free“ kan zowel <em>vrij</em> als <em>gratis</em>
betekenen, vandaar deze uitleg). Daarom hier de definitie van vrije software."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
+msgstr "Een programma kun je vrije software noemen -voor jou als gebruiker-
wanneer:"
+
+# | You have the freedom to run the [-program,-] {+program as you wish,+} for
+# | any purpose.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid "You have the freedom to run the program, for any purpose."
+msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
+msgstr "Je hebt de vrijheid het programma te draaien, voor welk doel dan ook."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
+#| "this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source "
+#| "code, since making changes in a program without having the source code is "
+#| "exceedingly difficult.)"
+msgid "You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To
make this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source
code, since making changes in a program without having the source code is
exceedingly difficult.)"
+msgstr "Je de vrijheid hebt het programma aan te passen aan je behoeften. (Om
deze vrijheid effectief te laten zijn moet je toegang hebben tot de broncode,
omdat veranderingen aanbrengen in een programma zonder broncode bijzonder
moeilijk is.)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
+msgid "You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a
fee."
+msgstr "Je de vrijheid hebt om kopieën uit te delen, gratis of tegen
betaling."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so "
+#| "that the community can benefit from your improvements."
+msgid "You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so
that the community can benefit from your improvements."
+msgstr "Je de vrijheid hebt om aangepaste versies van het programma uit te
delen, zodat je verbeteringen de gemeenschap ten goede komen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
+#| "contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
+#| "freedom to sell copies is crucial: collections of free software sold on "
+#| "CD-ROMs are important for the community, and selling them is an important "
+#| "way to raise funds for free software development. Therefore, a program "
+#| "which people are not free to include on these collections is not free "
+#| "software."
+msgid "Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no
contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the freedom
to sell copies is crucial: collections of free software sold on CD-ROMs are
important for the community, and selling them is an important way to raise
funds for free software development. Therefore, a program which people are not
free to include on these collections is not free software."
+msgstr "Omdat “vrij” hier slaat op vrijheid, niet de prijs, is er
geen tegenstelling tussen het verkopen van kopieën en vrije software. In
feite is de vrijheid om kopieën te verkopen cruciaal: een verzameling
vrije software, verkocht op CD-ROMs, zijn belangrijk voor de gemeenschap, en de
verkoop is een belangrijke manier om geld in te zamelen voor vrije software
ontwikkeling. Daarom is een programma dat mensen niet bij zo'n verzameling
kunnen voegen geen vrije software."
+
+# | Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked
+# | for alternatives, but no one has found a [-suitable alternative.-]
+# | {+better term.+} The English [-L-]{+l+}anguage has more words and nuances
+# | than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means
+# | “free”, as in freedom—“unfettered” being the
+# | word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
+# | “liberated”, “freedom”, and “open”
+# | have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a suitable alternative. The "
+#| "English Language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks "
+#| "a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
+msgid "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked
for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has
more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word
that means “free”, as in freedom—“unfettered”
being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
“liberated”, “freedom”, and “open” have
either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
+msgstr "Vanwege de dubbelzinnigheid van “free”, zijn mensen al
lang op zoek naar alternatieven, maar niemand heeft er nog een gevonden. De
Engelse taal heeft meer woorden en nuances dan iedere andere taal, maar het
mist een simpel ondubbelzinnig wordt dat “vrij” betekent, als in
vrijheid—“ongeketend” is het woord dat er het dichtst bij
komt. Alternatieven als “bevrijd”, “vrijheid”, en
“open” hebben ofwel de verkeerde betekenis of een ander nadeel."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
+msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
+msgstr "GNU software en het GNU systeem"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into "
+#| "reach, I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software "
+#| "wherever that was possible. For example, I decided at the very beginning "
+#| "to use TeX as the principal text formatter; a few years later, I decided "
+#| "to use the X Window System rather than writing another window system for "
+#| "GNU."
+msgid "Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into
reach, I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever
that was possible. For example, I decided at the very beginning to use TeX as
the principal text formatter; a few years later, I decided to use the X Window
System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
+msgstr "Het bouwen van een heel systeem is een groot project. Om het haalbaar
te maken besloot ik bestaande vrije software in te passen waar mogelijk.
Voorbeeld: ik besloot helemaal aan het begin om TeX als belangrijkste
tekstzetter te gebruiken; een paar jaar later besloot ik het X Window Systeem
te gaan gebruiken in plaats van opnieuw een window systeem te schrijven voor
GNU."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the "
+#| "collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that "
+#| "are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other people and "
+#| "projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because they are "
+#| "free software."
+msgid "Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the
collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not
GNU software, programs that were developed by other people and projects for
their own purposes, but which we can use because they are free software."
+msgstr "Vanwege deze beslissing is het GNU systeem niet hetzelfde als de
collectie van alle GNU software. Het GNU systeem omvat programma's die niet
GNU software zijn: programma's die werden ontwikkeld door anderen - projecten
met hun eigen drijfveren - maar die we kunnen gebruiken omdat ze vrije software
zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Commencing the project"
+msgid "Commencing the project"
+msgstr "Start van het project"
+
+# | In January 1984 I quit my job at [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-] {+MIT+} and began
+# | writing GNU software. Leaving [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-] {+MIT+} was necessary
+# | so that [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-] {+MIT+} would not be able to interfere with
+# | distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff,
+# | [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-] {+MIT+} could have claimed to own the work, and could
+# | have imposed their own distribution terms, or even turned the work into a
+# | proprietary software package. I had no intention of doing a large amount
+# | of work only to see it become useless for its intended purpose: creating a
+# | new software-sharing community.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In January 1984 I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began writing GNU "
+#| "software. Leaving <abbr>MIT</abbr> was necessary so that <abbr>MIT</"
+#| "abbr> would not be able to interfere with distributing GNU as free "
+#| "software. If I had remained on the staff, <abbr>MIT</abbr> could have "
+#| "claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own distribution "
+#| "terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software package. I "
+#| "had no intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it become "
+#| "useless for its intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing "
+#| "community."
+msgid "In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software.
Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with
distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff, MIT could
have claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own distribution
terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software package. I had no
intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it become useless for its
intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing community."
+msgstr "In Januari 1984 nam ik ontslag bij MIT en begon GNU software te
schrijven. MIT verlaten was nodig zodat MIT geen vinger achter de distributie
van GNU als vrije software kon krijgen. Als ik daar was gebleven als staflid,
zou MIT het eigendom van het werk kunnen opeisen, en haar eigen voorwaarden
voor distributie kunnen opdringen, of het werk zelfs in private software kunnen
veranderen. Ik had geen zin om een grote hoeveelheid werk te verzetten, alleen
maar om het te zien veranderen in iets tegengesteld aan het doel: het
creëren van een nieuwe software-delende gemeenschap."
+
+# | However, Professor Winston, then the head of the [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-]
+# | {+MIT+} AI Lab, kindly invited me to keep using the lab's facilities.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, Professor Winston, then the head of the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI Lab, "
+#| "kindly invited me to keep using the lab's facilities."
+msgid "However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly
invited me to keep using the lab's facilities."
+msgstr "Professor Winston echter, destijds hoofd van het MIT KI Lab, was zo
vriendelijk me uit te nodigen om gebruik te blijven maken van de faciliteiten
van het lab."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The first steps"
+msgid "The first steps"
+msgstr "De eerste stappen"
+
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-V.)-] {+<em>v</em>.)+} This was a
+# | compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal,
+# | and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if
+# | GNU could use it.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a V.) This was a compiler designed to handle "
+#| "multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple "
+#| "target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
+msgid "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
“free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed
to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple
target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
+msgstr "Kort voor aanvang van het GNU project hoorde ik over de Vrije
Universiteit Compiler Kit, ook wel bekend als VUCK. Dit was een compiler
geschreven voor meerdere programmeertalen, zoals C en Pascal, en ondersteunde
meerdere machines. Ik schreef naar de auteur met de vraag of GNU het mocht
gebruiken."
+
+# | He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the
+# | compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU
+# | [-p-]{+P+}roject would be a [-multi-language, multi-platform-]
+# | {+multilanguage, multiplatform+} compiler.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
+#| "compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
+#| "project would be a multi-language, multi-platform compiler."
+msgid "He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the
compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU
Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
+msgstr "Hij antwoordde bot met de mededeling dat de universiteit vrij was,
maar niet de compiler. Daarom besloot ik dat mijn eerste programma voor het GNU
Project een compiler voor meerdere talen en platformen zou worden."
+
+# | Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained
+# | the source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multi[---]platform
+# | compiler developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was
+# | written in, an extended version of Pascal, designed to be a
+# | system-programming language. I added a C front end, and began porting it
+# | to the Motorola 68000 computer. But I had to give that up when I
+# | discovered that the compiler needed many megabytes of stack space, and the
+# | available 68000 Unix system would only allow 64k.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained "
+#| "the source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multi-platform "
+#| "compiler developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was "
+#| "written in, an extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-"
+#| "programming language. I added a C front end, and began porting it to the "
+#| "Motorola 68000 computer. But I had to give that up when I discovered "
+#| "that the compiler needed many megabytes of stack space, and the available "
+#| "68000 Unix system would only allow 64k."
+msgid "Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained
the source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler
developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was written in, an
extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-programming language. I
added a C front end, and began porting it to the Motorola 68000 computer. But
I had to give that up when I discovered that the compiler needed many megabytes
of stack space, and the available 68000 Unix system would only allow 64k."
+msgstr "In de hoop niet de hele compiler zelf te hoeven schrijven kwam ik in
het bezit van de bron code voor de Pastel compiler, een compiler voor meerdere
platformen, ontwikkeld bij het Lawrence Livermore Laboratorium. Het
ondersteunde en was geschreven in een uitgebreide versie van Pascal, ontwikkeld
als systeem programmeer taal. Ik voegde er een C front-end aan toe, en begon
het aan te passen aan de Motorola 68000 computer. Maar dit moest ik opgeven
toen ik ontdekte dat de compiler vele megabytes aan stackruimte nodig had, en
het 68000 Unix systeem maar 64k had."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <acronym title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</acronym>; "
+#| "none of the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use "
+#| "the C front end that I had written. But that was some years later; "
+#| "first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
+msgid "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the
entire input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file,
without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to
write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <acronym
title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</acronym>; none of the Pastel compiler is
used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
+msgstr "Ik realiseerde me toen dat de Pastel compiler functioneerde door het
hele invoer bestand om te zetten in een syntax-boom, dan de hele syntax-boom
omzette in een lijst “instructies”, om daarna het hele
uitvoerbestand te genereren, zonder ooit geheugenruimte vrij te geven. Op dat
moment besefte ik dat ik een nieuwe compiler vanaf de grond zou moeten
opbouwen. Die nieuwe compiler staat nu bekend als <acronym title=\"GNU Compiler
Collection\">GCC</acronym>; niets van de Pastel compiler is er voor gebruikt,
maar ik was in staat het eerder geschreven C front-end aan te passen en erin te
verwerken. Maar dat was enkele jaren later; eerst werkte ik aan GNU Emacs."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "GNU Emacs"
+msgid "GNU Emacs"
+msgstr "GNU Emacs"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
+#| "beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to "
+#| "do editing; having no interest in learning to use vi or ed, I had done my "
+#| "editing on other kinds of machines until then."
+msgid "I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was
beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do
editing; having no interest in learning to use vi or ed, I had done my editing
on other kinds of machines until then."
+msgstr "I begon het werk aan GNU Emacs in September 1984, begin 1985 begon het
bruikbaar te worden. Hierdoor werd het mogelijk voor mij om bestanden te
schrijven op Unix systemen; ik had geen zin om het gebruik van vi of ed te
leren, en had mijn schrijfwerk tot nog toe op andere machines gedaan."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
+#| "question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous "
+#| "ftp server on the MIT computer that I used. (This computer, prep.ai.mit."
+#| "edu, thus became the principal GNU ftp distribution site; when it was "
+#| "decommissioned a few years later, we transferred the name to our new ftp "
+#| "server.) But at that time, many of the interested people were not on the "
+#| "Internet and could not get a copy by ftp. So the question was, what "
+#| "would I say to them?"
+msgid "At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the
question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp
server on the MIT computer that I used. (This computer, prep.ai.mit.edu, thus
became the principal GNU ftp distribution site; when it was decommissioned a
few years later, we transferred the name to our new ftp server.) But at that
time, many of the interested people were not on the Internet and could not get
a copy by ftp. So the question was, what would I say to them?"
+msgstr "Op dat punt wilden mensen GNU Emacs gaan gebruiken, hierdoor kwam de
vraag op hoe te distribueren. Uiteraard zette ik het op de anonieme ftp server
van de MIT computer die ik gebruikte. (Deze computer, prep.ai.mit.edu werd
zodoende de hoofd GNU ftp distributie site; toen het na enkele jaren buiten
gebruik werd gesteld, namen we de naam over naar onze nieuwe ftp server.) Maar
toentertijd hadden geïnteresseerden geen Internet toegang en konden geen
kopie per ftp krijgen. De vraag was dus, wat had ik ze te vertellen?"
+
+# | I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will
+# | make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the
+# | original [-<abbr>PDP</abbr>-10-] {+PDP-10+} Emacs: tell them, “Mail
+# | me a tape and a [-<abbr-] {+<acronym+} title=\"Self-addressed Stamped
+# | [-Envelope\">SASE</abbr>,-] {+Envelope\">SASE</acronym>,+} and I will mail
+# | it back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for
+# | ways to make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a
+# | tape to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a
+# | free software distribution business, the precursor of the companies that
+# | today distribute entire Linux-based GNU systems.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will "
+#| "make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the "
+#| "original <abbr>PDP</abbr>-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and "
+#| "a <abbr title=\"Self-addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</abbr>, and I will "
+#| "mail it back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking "
+#| "for ways to make money from free software. So I announced that I would "
+#| "mail a tape to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I "
+#| "started a free software distribution business, the precursor of the "
+#| "companies that today distribute entire Linux-based GNU systems."
+msgid "I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will
make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original
PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <acronym
title=\"Self-addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</acronym>, and I will mail it
back with Emacs on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for ways to
make money from free software. So I announced that I would mail a tape to
whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a free software
distribution business, the precursor of the companies that today distribute
entire Linux-based GNU systems."
+msgstr "Ik zou hebben kunnen zeggen “Zoek een kennis die op het net zit
die een kopie voor je kan maken.” Of ik had hetzelfde kunnen doen als ik
had gedaan met de originele PDP-10 Emacs: tegen ze zeggen, “Stuur me een
tape en een aan jezelf geadresseerde envelop, dan stuur ik het terug met Emacs
erop.” Maar ik had geen werk, en zocht manieren om geld te verdienen met
vrije software. Daarom verklaarde ik dat ik een tape met Emacs voor een
vergoeding van $150 op zou sturen naar wie het maar wilde hebben. Op deze
manier begon ik de vrije software business, een voorloper van de bedrijven die
vandaag de dag hele op Linux gebaseerde GNU systemen distribueren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
+msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
+msgstr "Is een programma vrij voor iedere gebruiker?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, "
+#| "this does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who "
+#| "has a copy of it. For example, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#| "html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> public domain software</a> (software that is "
+#| "not copyrighted) is free software; but anyone can make a proprietary "
+#| "modified version of it. Likewise, many free programs are copyrighted but "
+#| "distributed under simple permissive licenses which allow proprietary "
+#| "modified versions."
+msgid "If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author,
this does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a
copy of it. For example, <a
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> public domain
software</a> (software that is not copyrighted) is free software; but anyone
can make a proprietary modified version of it. Likewise, many free programs
are copyrighted but distributed under simple permissive licenses which allow
proprietary modified versions."
+msgstr "Wanneer een programma vrije software is als het de handen van de
auteur verlaat wil dat nog niet zeggen dat het vrije software is voor iedereen
die er een kopie van heeft. Voorbeeld: <a
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> publiek domein
software</a> (software zonder auteursrecht) is vrije software; maar iedereen
kan er een private, aangepaste versie van maken. Ook hebben veel programma's
een auteursrecht, maar worden ze onder een simpele licentie verspreidt, die
veel toestaat, waaronder private, aangepaste versies."
+
+# | The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System.
+# | Developed at [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>,-] {+MIT,+} and released as free software
+# | with a permissive license, it was soon adopted by various computer
+# | companies. They added X to their proprietary Unix systems, in binary form
+# | only, and covered by the same nondisclosure agreement. These copies of X
+# | were no more free software than Unix was.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. "
+#| "Developed at <abbr>MIT</abbr>, and released as free software with a "
+#| "permissive license, it was soon adopted by various computer companies. "
+#| "They added X to their proprietary Unix systems, in binary form only, and "
+#| "covered by the same nondisclosure agreement. These copies of X were no "
+#| "more free software than Unix was."
+msgid "The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System.
Developed at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it
was soon adopted by various computer companies. They added X to their
proprietary Unix systems, in binary form only, and covered by the same
nondisclosure agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than
Unix was."
+msgstr "Het archetypische voorbeeld van dit probleem is het X Window systeem.
Ontwikkeld door MIT, en vrijgegeven als vrije software met een licentie die
veel toelaat, werd het snel overgenomen door verschillende computerbedrijven.
Zij voegden X toe aan hun private Unix systemen, exclusief in binaire vorm en
onder dezelfde geheimhoudingsplicht. Deze kopieën van X waren net zo min
vrij als Unix was."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
+msgid "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not
freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only that they
should be numerous."
+msgstr "De ontwikkelaars van het X Window systeem vonden dit geen
probleem—ze verwachten en wilden dat het gebeurde. Hun doel was niet
vrijheid, enkel “succes”, als in “veel gebruikers”. Het
kon ze niet schelen of de gebruikers vrijheid hadden, alleen dat het er veel
zouden zijn."
+
+# | This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting
+# | the amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is
+# | this program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by
+# | the distribution terms of the [-<abbr>MIT</abbr>-] {+MIT+} release, you
+# | would say that X was free software. But if you measured the freedom of
+# | the average user of X, you would have to say it was proprietary software.
+# | Most X users were running the proprietary versions that came with Unix
+# | systems, not the free version.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting "
+#| "the amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is "
+#| "this program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by "
+#| "the distribution terms of the <abbr>MIT</abbr> release, you would say "
+#| "that X was free software. But if you measured the freedom of the average "
+#| "user of X, you would have to say it was proprietary software. Most X "
+#| "users were running the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, "
+#| "not the free version."
+msgid "This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of
counting the amount of freedom gave different answers to the question,
“Is this program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided
by the distribution terms of the MIT release, you would say that X was free
software. But if you measured the freedom of the average user of X, you would
have to say it was proprietary software. Most X users were running the
proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
+msgstr "Dit leidde tot de paradoxale situatie dat twee verschillende manieren
om de hoeveelheid vrijheid te meten, verschillende antwoorden gaven op de vaag
“Is dit programma vrij?”. Als je het beoordeelde op basis van de
vrijheden die de MIT publicatie toeliet, zou je zeggen dat X vrije software
was. Maar als je het zou meten aan de vrijheid van de gemiddelde gebruiker van
X, zou je zeggen dat het private software was. De meeste X gebruikers
gebruikten de private versie die gebundeld was met Unix systemen, niet de vrije
versie."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
+msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
+msgstr "Auteursplicht en de GNU GPL"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
+msgid "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So
we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being
turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
“copyleft”.(1)"
+msgstr "Het doel van GNU was om gebruikers vrijheid te geven, niet om slechts
populair te zijn. We hadden dus distributievoorwaarden nodig die zouden
voorkomen dat GNU software in private software zou veranderen. De methode die
we gebruiken heet “auteursplicht”(1) (of op zijn Engels:
“copyleft”)"
+
+# | Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of
+# | its usual purpose: instead of a means [-of privatizing software,-] {+for
+# | restricting a program,+} it becomes a means [-of-] {+for+} keeping
+# | [-software-] {+the program+} free.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of "
+#| "its usual purpose: instead of a means of privatizing software, it becomes "
+#| "a means of keeping software free."
+msgid "Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of
its usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a
means for keeping the program free."
+msgstr "Auteursplicht gebruikt het auteursrecht, maar draait het om zodat het
tegendeel van het gewoonlijke doel wordt gediend: in plaats van een methode om
software te privatiseren, wordt het een middel om software vrij te houden."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run "
+#| "the program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute "
+#| "modified versions—but not permission to add restrictions of their "
+#| "own. Thus, the crucial freedoms that define “free software” "
+#| "are guaranteed to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
+msgid "The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run
the program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified
versions—but not permission to add restrictions of their own. Thus, the
crucial freedoms that define “free software” are guaranteed to
everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
+msgstr "Het idee van auteursplicht is dat we iedereen toestaan het programma
te draaien, te kopiëren, aan te passen, en aangepaste versies te
distribueren—maar niet toestaan om eigen beperkingen toe te voegen. De
cruciale vrijheden die “vrije software” definiëren worden
daarom gegarandeerd aan iedereen die een kopie heeft; het worden
onvervreemdbare rechten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
+#| "ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it "
+#| "is published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to "
+#| "improve GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from "
+#| "saying, “You can't share those changes, because we are going to use "
+#| "them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
+msgid "For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This
ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is
published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to improve
GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from saying,
“You can't share those changes, because we are going to use them to make
our proprietary version of the program.”"
+msgstr "Voor een effectieve auteursplicht moeten aangepaste versies ook vrij
zijn. Zo wordt werk gebaseerd op dat van ons toegankelijk voor onze
gemeenschap als het wordt gepubliceerd. Wanneer programmeurs, die banen hebben
als programmeur vrijwillig GNU software verbeteren, voorkomt de auteursplicht
dat hun werkgever zegt, “Jij kunt die veranderingen niet delen, omdat we
ze gaan gebruiken voor onze private versie van het programma.”"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to "
+#| "ensure freedom for every user of the program. The companies that "
+#| "privatized the X Window System usually made some changes to port it to "
+#| "their systems and hardware. These changes were small compared with the "
+#| "great extent of X, but they were not trivial. If making changes were an "
+#| "excuse to deny the users freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take "
+#| "advantage of the excuse."
+msgid "The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to
ensure freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized
the X Window System usually made some changes to port it to their systems and
hardware. These changes were small compared with the great extent of X, but
they were not trivial. If making changes were an excuse to deny the users
freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
+msgstr "De eis dat veranderingen vrij moeten zijn, is essentieel als we de
vrijheid van iedere gebruiker willen beschermen. De bedrijven die het X Window
systeem privatiseerden pasten het gewoonlijk aan aan hun systemen en hardware.
Deze veranderingen waren klein vergeleken met het grote X project, maar ze
waren niet triviaal. Als het aanbrengen van veranderingen als excuus kan gelden
om gebruikers van hun vrijheid te beroven, zou het voor iedereen makkelijk zijn
met dit excuus hun eigen voordeel te doen."
+
+# | A related issue concerns combining a free program with non[---]free code.
+# | Such a combination would inevitably be non[---]free; whichever freedoms
+# | are lacking for the non[---]free part would be lacking for the whole as
+# | well. To permit such combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a
+# | ship. Therefore, a crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole:
+# | anything added to or combined with a copylefted program must be such that
+# | the larger combined version is also free and copylefted.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A related issue concerns combining a free program with non-free code. "
+#| "Such a combination would inevitably be non-free; whichever freedoms are "
+#| "lacking for the non-free part would be lacking for the whole as well. To "
+#| "permit such combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. "
+#| "Therefore, a crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: "
+#| "anything added to or combined with a copylefted program must be such that "
+#| "the larger combined version is also free and copylefted."
+msgid "A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code.
Such a combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking
for the nonfree part would be lacking for the whole as well. To permit such
combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. Therefore, a crucial
requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: anything added to or combined
with a copylefted program must be such that the larger combined version is also
free and copylefted."
+msgstr "Een aanverwant probleem is het combineren van een vrij programma met
niet vrije code. Zo'n combinatie is onvermijdelijk niet vrij; de vrijheden die
ontbreken in het niet vrije gedeelte zouden in het geheel ook ontbreken.
Dergelijke combinaties toestaan zou een gat openen, groot genoeg om een schip
in te zinken. Daarom is het een cruciale eis voor auteursplicht dit gat te
dichten: wat aan het auteursplichtige programma wordt toegevoegd of er mee
wordt gecombineerd, moet zorgen dat de grotere gecombineerde versie ook vrij en
auteursplichtig is."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+msgid "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU
software is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have
other kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+msgstr "De specifieke implementatie van auteursplicht die we voor de meeste
GNU software gebruiken is de GNU General Public License (“GNU Algemene
Publieke Licentie”, nvdv). We hebben andere soorten auteursplicht die
worden gebruikt in speciale omstandigheden. GNU handleidingen worden ook
auteursplichtig, maar gebruiken een veel eenvoudiger vorm, omdat de
gecompliceerdheid van de GNU GPL onnodig is voor handleidingen.(2)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
a letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including
this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word
“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the
time."
+msgstr "(1) In 1984 of 1985 stuurde Don Hopkins (een erg fantasievolle kerel)
me een brief. Op de enveloppe had hij wat grappige gezegden geschreven,
waaronder deze: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.”
(“Auteursplicht—alle rechten omgedraaid”, nvdv). Ik gebruikte
het woord “auteursplicht” als werknaam voor het distributieconcept
dat ik op dat moment aan het ontwikkelen was."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
Documentation License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr "(2) We gebruiken nu de <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> GNU Free
Documentation License </a> (\"GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie\", nvdv) voor
documentatie."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "De Free Software Foundation (Stichting voor Vrije Software)"
+
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the [-Free-] {+<a
+# | href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free+} Software [-Foundation,-]
+# | {+Foundation</a> (FSF),+} a tax-exempt charity for free software
+# | development. The [-<abbr-] {+<acronym+} title=\"Free Software
+# | [-Foundation\">FSF</abbr>-] {+Foundation\">FSF</acronym>+} also took over
+# | the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding
+# | other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling
+# | free manuals as well.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the Free Software Foundation, a tax-exempt "
+#| "charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software "
+#| "Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape distribution "
+#| "business; later it extended this by adding other free software (both GNU "
+#| "and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals as well."
+msgid "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again.
So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software
Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. The
<acronym title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> also took over the
Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals as
well."
+msgstr "Toen de interesse in Emacs groeide gingen meer mensen zich bezig
houden met het GNU project, en we besloten dat het tijd werd om weer fondsen te
werven. Dus we richten de Free Software Foundation op in 1985, een goed doel,
belastingaftrekbaar, voor vrije software ontwikkeling. De <acronym title=\"Free
Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> nam ook de Emacs tape distributie
activiteit over; later groeide dit door andere vrije software (GNU en niet-GNU)
toe te voegen aan de tape, en met de verkoop van vrije handleidingen."
+
+# | [-The <abbr>FSF</abbr> accepts donations, but most-]{+Most+} of [-its-]
+# | {+the FSF's+} income [-has always-] {+used to+} come from
+# | [-sales—of-] {+sales of+} copies of free software[-,-] and of other
+# | related [-services. Today it sells CD-ROMs-] {+services (CD-ROMs+} of
+# | source code, CD-ROMs with binaries, nicely printed [-manuals (all-]
+# | {+manuals, all+} with {+the+} freedom to redistribute and modify), and
+# | Deluxe Distributions [-(where-] {+(distributions for which+} we
+# | buil[-d-]{+t+} the whole collection of software for [-your-] {+the
+# | customer's+} choice of platform). {+Today the FSF still <a
+# | href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it
+# | gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can join the FSF at
+# | <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The <abbr>FSF</abbr> accepts donations, but most of its income has always "
+#| "come from sales—of copies of free software, and of other related "
+#| "services. Today it sells CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with binaries, "
+#| "nicely printed manuals (all with freedom to redistribute and modify), and "
+#| "Deluxe Distributions (where we build the whole collection of software for "
+#| "your choice of platform)."
+msgid "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with
binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and
modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the whole
collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today the FSF
still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other gear</a>, but
it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+msgstr "De FSF accepteert donaties, maar het grootste deel van de inkomsten
kwam altijd uit de verkoop—kopieën van vrije software, en
aanverwante diensten. Vandaag de dag verkoopt het CD-ROMs met broncode, CD-ROMs
met binaire bestanden, mooi gedrukte handleidingen (allemaal met de vrijheden
om verder te distribueren en aan te passen), en Luxe Distributies (waar we de
hele softwarecollectie op maat maken voor het door u gekozen platform). De FSF
verkoopt nog steeds <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";>handleidingen en
aanverwante artikelen</a>, maar het meeste komt van bijdragen uit de
lidmaatschap. Je kunt lid worden van de FSF bij <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <acronym title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>,
+# | the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by [-<abbr>FSF</abbr>-]
+# | {+FSF+} employee Brian Fox.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <acronym title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</"
+#| "acronym>, the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by <abbr>FSF</"
+#| "abbr> employee Brian Fox."
+msgid "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number
of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses to
communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free Software
Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
<acronym title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>, the Bourne Again
Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+msgstr "Free Software Foundation werknemers hebben een aantal GNU software
pakketten geschreven en onderhouden. Twee opmerkelijke zijn de C bibliotheek en
de shell. De GNU C bibliotheek is wat ieder programma dat draait op een
GNU/Linux systeem gebruikt om met Linux te communiceren. Het werd ontwikkeld
door een staflid van de Free Software Foundation, Roland McGrath. De shell die
wordt gebruikt op de meeste GNU/Linux systemen is <acronym title=\"Bourne Again
Shell\">BASH</acronym>, de Bourne Again Shell(1), die werd ontwikkeld door FSF
werknemer Brian Fox."
+
+# | We funded development of these programs because the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject
+# | was not just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a
+# | complete operating system, and these programs were needed for that goal.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We funded development of these programs because the GNU project was not "
+#| "just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete "
+#| "operating system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
+msgid "We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not
just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete
operating system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
+msgstr "We financierden de ontwikkeling van deze programma's omdat het GNU
Project niet slechts ging over een software ontwikkelomgeving. Ons doel was
een compleet besturingssysteem, en deze programma's waren daarvoor nodig."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr "(1) “Bourne again Shell” (<em>Opnieuw geboren Schil,</em>,
nvdv) is een woordgrapje met de naam “Bourne Shell”, de meest
voorkomende shell op Unix."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Free software support"
+msgid "Free software support"
+msgstr "Vrije software ondersteuning"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
+#| "practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
+#| "users' freedom, we wish them success."
+msgid "The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business
practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the users'
freedom, we wish them success."
+msgstr "De vrije software filosofie verwerpt een bepaalde veel voorkomende
vorm van commerciële activiteit, maar is niet vies van commercie. Als
bedrijven de vrijheid van gebruikers respecteren, wensen wij hen succes."
+
+# | Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business.
+# | When the [-<abbr>FSF</abbr>-] {+FSF+} took over that business, I needed
+# | another way to make a living. I found it in selling services relating to
+# | the free software I had developed. This included teaching, for subjects
+# | such as how to program GNU Emacs and how to customize
+# | [-<acronym>GCC</acronym>,-] {+GCC,+} and software development, mostly
+# | porting [-<acronym>GCC</acronym>-] {+GCC+} to new platforms.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
+#| "When the <abbr>FSF</abbr> took over that business, I needed another way "
+#| "to make a living. I found it in selling services relating to the free "
+#| "software I had developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as "
+#| "how to program GNU Emacs and how to customize <acronym>GCC</acronym>, and "
+#| "software development, mostly porting <acronym>GCC</acronym> to new "
+#| "platforms."
+msgid "Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software
business. When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a
living. I found it in selling services relating to the free software I had
developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as how to program GNU
Emacs and how to customize GCC, and software development, mostly porting GCC to
new platforms."
+msgstr "De verkoop van kopieën van Emacs is een voorbeeld van zaken doen
met vrije software. Toen de <abbr>FSF</abbr> die handel overnam, moest ik op
een andere manier brood op de plank krijgen. Ik vond een manier om diensten te
verkopen die verband hielden met de door mij ontwikkelde software. Onder meer
les geven in hoe GNU Emacs te programmeren, het aanpassen van GCC, software
ontwikkeling; vooral het aanpassen van GCC aan nieuwe platformen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a "
+#| "number of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-"
+#| "ROM; others sell support at levels ranging from answering user questions, "
+#| "to fixing bugs, to adding major new features. We are even beginning to "
+#| "see free software companies based on launching new free software products."
+msgid "Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a
number of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM;
others sell support at levels ranging from answering user questions, to fixing
bugs, to adding major new features. We are even beginning to see free software
companies based on launching new free software products."
+msgstr "Tegenwoordig wordt elk van deze manieren van vrije software handel
uitgevoerd door een aantal bedrijven. Sommige distribueren vrije software
collecties op CD-ROM, anderen verkopen ondersteuning op verschillende niveaus,
van het beantwoorden van gebruikersvragen, het corrigeren van fouten, tot het
toevoegen van compleet nieuwe mogelijkheden. We zien nu zelfs vrije software
bedrijven gebaseerd op het lanceren van nieuwe vrije software producten."
+
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | non[---]free software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these [-“value
+# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages”,+} which
+# | [-reflects-] {+shows+} the values they would like us to adopt: convenience
+# | above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them
+# | [-“freedom subtracted” products.-]
+# | {+“freedom-subtracted” packages.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "non-free software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these “value "
+#| "added”, which reflects the values they would like us to adopt: "
+#| "convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
+#| "“freedom subtracted” products."
+msgid "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
with the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree
software that works with free software. These are not free software companies,
they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt users away from
freedom. They call these programs “value-added packages”, which
shows the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
packages."
+msgstr "Maar pas op: een aantal bedrijven die zichzelf associëren met de
term “open source” (“open broncode”, nvdv), baseren hun
handel op niet-vrije software die werkt met vrije software. Dit zijn geen vrije
software bedrijven, het zijn private software bedrijven wiens producten
gebruikers wegleiden van vrijheid. Ze noemen het “toegevoegde
waarde”, waarin ze andere normen aan ons op willen dringen: gemak boven
vrijheid. Als wij meer waarde hechten aan vrijheid, zouden we ze “minus
vrijheid” producten noemen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Technical goals"
+msgid "Technical goals"
+msgstr "Technische doelen"
+
+# | The principal goal of GNU [-was-] {+is+} to be free software. Even if GNU
+# | had no technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage,
+# | allowing users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the
+# | user's freedom.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The principal goal of GNU was to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
+#| "technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
+#| "users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's "
+#| "freedom."
+msgid "The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no
technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing users
to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
+msgstr "Het hoofddoel van GNU is om vrije software te zijn. Zelfs als GNU geen
technische voordelen boven Unix had, zou het een sociaal voordeel hebben dat
gebruikers toestaat om samen te werken, en een ethisch voordeel, respect voor
de vrijheid van de gebruikers."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
+#| "work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
+#| "arbitrary fixed size limits, and handling all the possible 8-bit codes "
+#| "wherever that made sense."
+msgid "But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the
work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid
arbitrary fixed size limits, and handling all the possible 8-bit codes wherever
that made sense."
+msgstr "Maar van nature pasten we de bekende standaarden voor goed werk
toe—bijvoorbeeld: dynamisch toewijzen van data structuren om vaststaande
limieten van willekeurige grootte te omzeilen, en het correct afhandelen van
alle mogelijke 8-bit codes waar dat zinnig was."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
+#| "not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would "
+#| "be the norm by the time the GNU system was finished), and to make no "
+#| "effort to reduce memory usage unless it exceeded a megabyte. In programs "
+#| "for which handling very large files was not crucial, we encouraged "
+#| "programmers to read an entire input file into core, then scan its "
+#| "contents without having to worry about I/O."
+msgid "In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by
deciding not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines
would be the norm by the time the GNU system was finished), and to make no
effort to reduce memory usage unless it exceeded a megabyte. In programs for
which handling very large files was not crucial, we encouraged programmers to
read an entire input file into core, then scan its contents without having to
worry about I/O."
+msgstr "Daarbij kwam dat we de Unix focus op weinig geheugen gebruik
verwierpen met de beslissing dat we de 16-bit machines niet zouden ondersteunen
(het was duidelijk dat 32-bit machines de norm zouden zijn op het moment dat
het GNU systeem klaar zou zijn), en geheugen gebruik niet zouden proberen te
verminderen tenzij het meer dan een megabyte zou zijn. In programma's die niet
persé werken met hele grote bestanden, moedigden we programmeurs aan om
het invoer bestand in één keer in geheugen in te lezen, en dan de
inhoud te scannen zonder aandacht te besteden aan Invoer/Uitvoer."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix "
+#| "counterparts in reliability and speed."
+msgid "These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix
counterparts in reliability and speed."
+msgstr "Deze beslissingen maakten het mogelijk voor veel GNU programma's om
hun Unix equivalent voorbij te streven in betrouwbaarheid en snelheid."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Donated computers"
+msgid "Donated computers"
+msgstr "Gedoneerde computers"
+
+# | As the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject's reputation grew, people began offering to
+# | donate machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful,
+# | because the easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a
+# | Unix system, and replace the components of that system one by one. But
+# | they raised an ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy
+# | of Unix at all.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As the GNU project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
+#| "machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because "
+#| "the easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix "
+#| "system, and replace the components of that system one by one. But they "
+#| "raised an ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of "
+#| "Unix at all."
+msgid "As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate
machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the
easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix system, and
replace the components of that system one by one. But they raised an ethical
issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
+msgstr "Terwijl de reputatie van het GNU Project groeide, begonnen mensen
computers te doneren waarop Unix draaide. Deze waren heel bruikbaar, omdat de
makkelijkste manier om onderdelen voor GNU te ontwikkelen op een Unix systeem
was, en de onderdelen van dat systeem stuk voor stuk te vervangen. Maar we
werden geconfronteerd met een ethisch probleem: was het wel terecht dat we
überhaupt een Unix kopie hadden."
+
+# | Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject's
+# | philosophy said that we should not use proprietary software. But,
+# | applying the same reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in
+# | self defense is justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a
+# | proprietary package when that was crucial for developing a free
+# | replacement that would help others stop using the proprietary package.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU project's philosophy "
+#| "said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
+#| "reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is "
+#| "justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary "
+#| "package when that was crucial for developing a free replacement that "
+#| "would help others stop using the proprietary package."
+msgid "Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's
philosophy said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the
same reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is
justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary package when
that was crucial for developing a free replacement that would help others stop
using the proprietary package."
+msgstr "Unix was (en is) private software, en de filosofie van het GNU Project
zegt dat we geen private software zullen gebruiken. Maar, gebruik makend van
dezelfde logica die zegt dat geweld ter zelfverdediging gerechtvaardigd is,
concludeerde ik dat het legitiem was om een privaat pakket toe te passen als
het noodzakelijk was in de ontwikkeling van een vrije vervanging, die
gebruikers in staat zou stellen met het private pakket te stoppen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we "
+#| "no longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with "
+#| "free operating systems. If we could not replace a machine's operating "
+#| "system with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
+msgid "But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today
we no longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free
operating systems. If we could not replace a machine's operating system with a
free one, we replaced the machine instead."
+msgstr "Maar, ook al was dit een noodzakelijk kwaad, het was nog altijd een
kwaad. Tegenwoordig hebben we geen Unix kopieën meer, omdat we ze hebben
vervangen met vrije besturingssystemen. Als we het besturingssysteem van een
machine niet konden vervangen met een vrije versie, vervingen we in plaats
daarvan de machine."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The GNU Task List"
+msgid "The GNU Task List"
+msgstr "De GNU Taken Lijst"
+
+# | As the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject proceeded, and increasing numbers of system
+# | components were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a
+# | list of the remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the
+# | missing pieces. This list became known as the GNU [-task list.-] {+Task
+# | List.+} In addition to missing Unix components, we listed various other
+# | useful software and documentation projects that, we thought, a truly
+# | complete system ought to have.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As the GNU project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
+#| "were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of "
+#| "the remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the "
+#| "missing pieces. This list became known as the GNU task list. In "
+#| "addition to missing Unix components, we listed various other useful "
+#| "software and documentation projects that, we thought, a truly complete "
+#| "system ought to have."
+msgid "As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system
components were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list
of the remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing
pieces. This list became known as the GNU Task List. In addition to missing
Unix components, we listed various other useful software and documentation
projects that, we thought, a truly complete system ought to have."
+msgstr "Op een gegeven moment, terwijl het GNU Project verder ging en steeds
meer systeem componenten werden gevonden of ontwikkeld, werd het zinnig om een
lijst met missende onderdelen te maken. Normaal gesproken namen we
ontwikkelaars aan om deze missende delen te schrijven. Deze lijst is bekend
geworden als de GNU takenlijst (“GNU task list”, nvdv). Hier
bovenop voegden we andere software en documentatie projecten toe die, zo
dachten wij, een echt compleet systeem zou moeten hebben."
+
+# | [-Today,-]{+Today (1),+} hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU
+# | [-task list—those-] {+Task List—those+} jobs [-have-] {+had+}
+# | been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of
+# | projects that some might call “applications”. Any program
+# | that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful thing
+# | to add to an operating system.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today, hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU task list—"
+#| "those jobs have been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But
the list is full of projects that some might call “applications”.
Any program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful
thing to add to an operating system."
+msgstr "Vandaag de dag (1) zijn er vrijwel geen Unix componenten over op de
GNU taken lijst—dat werk is gedaan, op een paar minder belangrijke dingen
na. Maar de lijst staat vol met projecten die door sommigen
“toepassingen” genoemd zouden worden. Elk programma dat
aantrekkelijk is voor meer dan een hele speciale klasse gebruikers zou een
goede toevoeging aan een besturingssysteem zijn."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
+#| "beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
+#| "compatibility was not an issue for games, so we did not follow the list "
+#| "of games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of different kinds "
+#| "of games that users might like."
+msgid "Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the
beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But
compatibility was not an issue for games, so we did not follow the list of
games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of different kinds of games
that users might like."
+msgstr "Zelfs spelletjes worden op de takenlijst gezet—dit was al zo
vanaf het begin. Unix had spelletjes, dus GNU natuurlijk ook. Maar samen kunnen
werken met Unix op dit gebied was niet belangrijk voor spelletjes, dus we
volgden niet de Unix lijst met spelletjes. In plaats daarvan maakten we een
spectrum van verschillende soorten spelletjes die gebruikers wellicht leuk
zouden vinden."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even
keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a
much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr "(1) Dit was geschreven in 1998. Sinds 2009 houden we geen lange
takenlijst meer bij. De gemeenschap ontwikkelt zó snel vrije software
dat we dit niet allemaal meer bij kunnen houden. In plaats daarvan hebben we nu
een lijst met Belangrijkste Projecten, een lijst met projecten waarvan we echt
graag willen dat ze uit worden gevoerd."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
+msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
+msgstr "De GNU Bibliotheek GPL"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+msgid "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
Library General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary
software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+msgstr "De GNU C bibliotheek gebruikt een speciaal soort auteursplicht met de
naam de GNU Library General Public License(1) (GNU LGPL—GNU Bibliotheek
Algemene Publieke Licentie, nvdv), die toestaat dat private software de
bibliotheek mag gebruiken. Waarom deze uitzondering ?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says "
+#| "proprietary software products are entitled to include our code. (Why "
+#| "contribute to a project predicated on refusing to share with us?) Using "
+#| "the LGPL for the C library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
+msgid "It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says
proprietary software products are entitled to include our code. (Why
contribute to a project predicated on refusing to share with us?) Using the
LGPL for the C library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
+msgstr "Dit is geen principieel punt; er is geen principe dat zegt dat private
software producten het recht hebben om onze code in zich op te nemen. (Waarom
meewerken aan een project dat noodzakelijkerwijs niets met ons zal delen?) Het
gebruik van de LGPL voor de C bibliotheek, en voor iedere andere bibliotheek,
is strategisch."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler "
+#| "comes with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only "
+#| "to free software would not have given free software any advantage—"
+#| "it would only have discouraged use of our library."
+msgid "The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler
comes with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to
free software would not have given free software any advantage—it would
only have discouraged use of our library."
+msgstr "De C bibliotheek doet een algemene taak; ieder privaat systeem of
compiler heeft een C bibliotheek. Daarom zou als we de C bibliotheek alleen
toegankelijk maakten voor vrije software dit vrije software geen voordeel
hebben opgeleverd—het zou alleen gebruik van onze bibliotheek hebben
ontmoedigd."
+
+# | One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes
+# | GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution
+# | terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a
+# | proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to
+# | allow proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it
+# | seems that disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU
+# | system than to encourage development of free applications. {+That is why
+# | using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C library.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
+#| "GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution "
+#| "terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a "
+#| "proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to "
+#| "allow proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it "
+#| "seems that disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU "
+#| "system than to encourage development of free applications."
+msgid "One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this
includes GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the
distribution terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to
compile a proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason
to allow proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it seems
that disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU system than to
encourage development of free applications. That is why using the Library GPL
is a good strategy for the C library."
+msgstr "Één systeem vormt hierop een uitzondering: op het GNU
systeem (en ook GNU/Linux), is de GNU C bibliotheek de enige C bibliotheek. Dus
de distributie voorwaarden voor de GNU C bibliotheek bepalen of het mogelijk is
om private programma's voor het GNU systeem te compileren. Er is geen ethische
reden om private toepassingen toe te staan op het GNU systeem, maar strategisch
gezien lijkt het weren ervan eerder het gebruik van het GNU systeem af te
remmen, dan dat het ontwikkelen van vrije toepassingen wordt gestimuleerd.
Daarom is het gebruik van de Library GPL een goede strategie voor de C
bibliotheek."
+
+# | [-That is why using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C
+# | library.-]For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be
+# | considered on a case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job
+# | that can help write certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the
+# | GPL, limiting it to free programs only, is a way of helping other free
+# | software developers, giving them an advantage against proprietary software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That is why using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C library. "
+#| "For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a "
+#| "case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help "
+#| "write certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, "
+#| "limiting it to free programs only, is a way of helping other free "
+#| "software developers, giving them an advantage against proprietary "
+#| "software."
+msgid "For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a
case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write
certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, limiting it to free
programs only, is a way of helping other free software developers, giving them
an advantage against proprietary software."
+msgstr "Daarom is het toepassen van de LGPL een goede strategie voor de C
bibliotheek. Voor andere bibliotheken moet de strategische beslissing per geval
worden bekeken. Als de bibliotheek een speciale taak heeft die bepaalde soorten
programma's mogelijk maken, dan is het vrijgeven onder de GPL, zodat alleen
vrije programma's het kunnen aanroepen, een manier om vrije software
ontwikkelaars te helpen, zodat ze een voordeel over private software hebben."
+
+# | Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide
+# | command-line editing for [-<acronym>BASH</acronym>.-] {+BASH.+} Readline
+# | is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the Library GPL. This
+# | probably does reduce the amount Readline is used, but that is no loss for
+# | us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application has been made free
+# | software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is a real gain
+# | for the community.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-"
+#| "line editing for <acronym>BASH</acronym>. Readline is released under the "
+#| "ordinary GNU GPL, not the Library GPL. This probably does reduce the "
+#| "amount Readline is used, but that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least "
+#| "one useful application has been made free software specifically so it "
+#| "could use Readline, and that is a real gain for the community."
+msgid "Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide
command-line editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU
GPL, not the Library GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is
used, but that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application
has been made free software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is
a real gain for the community."
+msgstr "Kijk eens naar GNU Readline, een bibliotheek die werd ontwikkeld om
commando-regel redigeren makkelijk te maken voor BASH. Readline wordt
gepubliceerd onder de gewone GNU GPL, niet de LGPL. Dit verminderd
waarschijnlijk het gebruik van Readline, maar dat is geen probleem voor ons.
Tegelijkertijd is tenminste één toepassing vrije software
geworden zodat het Readline kon gebruiken, dat is echte meerwaarde voor de
gemeenschap."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
+#| "software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some "
+#| "day we will have a large collection of GPL-covered libraries that have no "
+#| "parallel available to proprietary software, providing useful modules to "
+#| "serve as building blocks in new free software, and adding up to a major "
+#| "advantage for further free software development."
+msgid "Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides;
free software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some
day we will have a large collection of GPL-covered libraries that have no
parallel available to proprietary software, providing useful modules to serve
as building blocks in new free software, and adding up to a major advantage for
further free software development."
+msgstr "Private software ontwikkelaars hebben het voordeel dat geld hen geeft;
vrije software ontwikkelaars moeten voor elkaar voordelen scheppen. Ik hoop dat
we op een dag een grote collectie onder de GPL uitgegeven bibliotheken hebben,
waarvan geen gelijke voor private programma's bestaat, die bruikbare modules
leveren als bouwstenen voor nieuwe vrije software, zodat er een groot voordeel
ontstaat voor verdere vrije software ontwikkeling."
+
+# | (1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to
+# | avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. {+See+} <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+msgid "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for
your next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr "(1) Deze licentie wordt nu de GNU Lesser General Public License
(“GNU Verminderde Algemene Publieke Licentie”, nvdv) genoemd, om
verwarring, dat alle bibliotheken het zouden moeten gebruiken, te voorkomen.
<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.nl.html\">Waarom je niet de Lesser GPL moet
gebruiken voor je volgende bibliotheek</a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Scratching an itch?"
+msgid "Scratching an itch?"
+msgstr "Krabben aan jeuk?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
+#| "scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens "
+#| "sometimes, but many essential pieces of GNU software were developed in "
+#| "order to have a complete free operating system. They come from a vision "
+#| "and a plan, not from impulse."
+msgid "Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by
scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes,
but many essential pieces of GNU software were developed in order to have a
complete free operating system. They come from a vision and a plan, not from
impulse."
+msgstr "Eric Raymond zegt dat “Ieder goed stuk software ontstaat door
het krabben aan de persoonlijke jeuk van een ontwikkelaar.” Misschien
gebeurd dat wel eens, maar veel essentiële stukken GNU software werden
ontwikkeld om een compleet vrij besturingssysteem te hebben. Ze komen voort
uit een visie, een plan, niet uit een impuls."
+
+# | For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system
+# | needs a C library, [-the Bourne-Again Shell (<acronym>bash</acronym>)-]
+# | {+BASH+} because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar because a
+# | Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own
+# | programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system "
+#| "needs a C library, the Bourne-Again Shell (<acronym>bash</acronym>) "
+#| "because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar because a Unix-like "
+#| "system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own programs—"
+#| "the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
+msgid "For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system
needs a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar
because a Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own
programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
+msgstr "Bijvoorbeeld, we ontwikkelen de GNU C bibliotheek omdat een
Unix-achtig systeem een C bibliotheek nodig heeft, de Bourne-Again Shell (BASH)
omdat een Unix-achtig systeem een shell moet hebben, en GNU tar omdat een
Unix-achtig systeem een archiveringsprogramma nodig heeft. Hetzelfde geldt voor
veel van mijn eigen programma's—de GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB en GNU
Make."
+
+# | Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our
+# | freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which
+# | had been lost to the community because of the [-<abbr
+# | title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</abbr>-] {+<acronym
+# | title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym>+} patents. We found people to
+# | develop LessTif, and more recently started <acronym title=\"GNU Network
+# | Object Model Environment\">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the
+# | problems caused by certain proprietary libraries (see below). We are
+# | developing the GNU Privacy Guard to replace popular non[---]free
+# | encryption software, because users should not have to choose between
+# | privacy and freedom.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
+#| "freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which "
+#| "had been lost to the community because of the <abbr title=\"Lempel-Ziv-"
+#| "Welch\">LZW</abbr> patents. We found people to develop LessTif, and more "
+#| "recently started <acronym title=\"GNU Network Object Model Environment"
+#| "\">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the problems caused by certain "
+#| "proprietary libraries (see below). We are developing the GNU Privacy "
+#| "Guard to replace popular non-free encryption software, because users "
+#| "should not have to choose between privacy and freedom."
+msgid "Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our
freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had
been lost to the community because of the <acronym
title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym> patents. We found people to develop
LessTif, and more recently started <acronym title=\"GNU Network Object Model
Environment\">GNOME</acronym> and Harmony, to address the problems caused by
certain proprietary libraries (see below). We are developing the GNU Privacy
Guard to replace popular nonfree encryption software, because users should not
have to choose between privacy and freedom."
+msgstr "Sommige GNU programma's werden ontwikkeld om specifieke bedreigingen
voor onze vrijheid het hoofd te bieden. Daarom ontwikkelden we gzip om het
Compress programma te vervangen, omdat we dit als gemeenschap kwijt waren
vanwege de <acronym title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</acronym> patenten. We
hebben mensen gevonden om LessTif te maken, en recent startte <acronym
title=\"GNU Network Object Model Environment\">GNOME</acronym> en Harmony, om
bepaalde private bibliotheken (zie onder) te omzeilen. We ontwikkelen de GNU
Privacy Guard om populaire onvrije encryptie software te vervangen, zodat
gebruikers niet noodgedwongen tussen privacy en vrijheid hoeven te kiezen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the "
+#| "work, and many features were added to them by various people for the sake "
+#| "of their own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
+msgid "Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the
work, and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of
their own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
+msgstr "Uiteraard raakten de mensen die deze programma's schrijven
geïnteresseerd in het werk, en veel mogelijkheden werden toegevoegd omdat
ze het zelf nodig hadden, of het hun boeide. Maar dat is niet de reden dat deze
programma's bestaan."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Unexpected developments"
+msgid "Unexpected developments"
+msgstr "Onverwachte wendingen"
+
+# | At the beginning of the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject, I imagined that we would
+# | develop the whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how
+# | it happened.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "At the beginning of the GNU project, I imagined that we would develop the "
+#| "whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it "
+#| "happened."
+msgid "At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop
the whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
+msgstr "Aan het begin van het GNU Project zag ik voor me dat we het hele GNU
systeem zouden ontwikkelen, en het dan als geheel publiceren. Zo is het dus
niet gegaan."
+
+# | Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system,
+# | each component could run on Unix systems[-,-] long before a complete GNU
+# | system existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began
+# | extending them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions
+# | of Unix, and sometimes to other systems as well.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
+#| "each component could run on Unix systems, long before a complete GNU "
+#| "system existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began "
+#| "extending them and porting them—to the various incompatible "
+#| "versions of Unix, and sometimes to other systems as well."
+msgid "Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix
system, each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU
system existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began
extending them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions of
Unix, and sometimes to other systems as well."
+msgstr "Omdat elk onderdeel van het GNU systeem werd gemaakt op een Unix
systeem, kon elk onderdeel dus draaien op Unix systemen, lang voordat er een
compleet GNU systeem bestond. Sommige van deze programma's werden populair, en
gebruikers begonnen ze uit te breiden en aan te passen aan andere
platform—naar de verschillende versies van Unix, en soms ook naar andere
systemen."
+
+# | The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both
+# | funds and contributors to the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject. But it probably also
+# | delayed completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU
+# | developers' time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features
+# | to the existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing
+# | component after another.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both "
+#| "funds and contributors to the GNU project. But it probably also delayed "
+#| "completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU "
+#| "developers' time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features "
+#| "to the existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing "
+#| "component after another."
+msgid "The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both
funds and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed
completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU developers'
time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features to the existing
components, rather than moving on to write one missing component after another."
+msgstr "Dit proces maakte de programma's vele malen krachtiger, en trok geld
en medewerkers naar het GNU Project. Maar het heeft waarschijnlijk ook tot
vertraging geleidt van een paar jaar voordat een minimaal werkend systeem af
was, aangezien GNU ontwikkelaars nu tijd staken in het onderhouden van deze
aanpassingen, en zelf mogelijkheden aan bestaande onderdelen toevoegden, in
plaats van door te gaan met het één voor één
schrijven van de benodigde onderdelen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "The GNU Hurd"
+msgid "The GNU Hurd"
+msgstr "De GNU Hurd"
+
+# | By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing
+# | component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a
+# | collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a
+# | microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the
+# | University of Utah; the GNU [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} is a collection of servers
+# | [-(or “herd-] {+(i.e., a herd+} of [-gnus”)-] {+GNUs)+} that
+# | run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel. The start
+# | of development was delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as free
+# | software, as had been promised.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
+#| "component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
+#| "collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a "
+#| "microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the "
+#| "University of Utah; the GNU HURD is a collection of servers (or “"
+#| "herd of gnus”) that run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of "
+#| "the Unix kernel. The start of development was delayed as we waited for "
+#| "Mach to be released as free software, as had been promised."
+msgid "By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing
component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a
collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a microkernel
developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the University of Utah; the
GNU Hurd is a collection of servers (i.e., a herd of GNUs) that run on top of
Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel. The start of development was
delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as free software, as had been
promised."
+msgstr "Tegen 1990 was het GNU systeem bijna compleet; het enige missende
onderdeel was de kernel. We hadden besloten om onze kernel als een collectie
van server processen bovenop Mach te schrijven. Mach is een microkernel
ontwikkeld aan de Carnegie Mellon Universiteit en daarna aan de Universiteit
van Utah; de GNU HURD is een verzameling servers (een “herd of
gnus” (“kudde gnoes”, nvdv)) die bovenop Mach draaien, en die
de verschillende taken van de Unix kernel uitvoeren. De start van de
ontwikkeling werd vertraagd terwijl we wachtten tot Mach als vrije software
werd vrijgegeven, zoals was beloofd."
+
+# | One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the
+# | hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level
+# | debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in
+# | Mach, and we expected to debug the [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} servers as user
+# | programs, with GDB. But it took a long time to make that possible, and
+# | the multi[---]threaded servers that send messages to each other have
+# | turned out to be very hard to debug. Making the [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} work
+# | solidly has stretched on for many years.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
+#| "hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-"
+#| "level debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done "
+#| "already, in Mach, and we expected to debug the HURD servers as user "
+#| "programs, with GDB. But it took a long time to make that possible, and "
+#| "the multi-threaded servers that send messages to each other have turned "
+#| "out to be very hard to debug. Making the HURD work solidly has stretched "
+#| "on for many years."
+msgid "One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the
hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level
debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in Mach,
and we expected to debug the Hurd servers as user programs, with GDB. But it
took a long time to make that possible, and the multithreaded servers that send
messages to each other have turned out to be very hard to debug. Making the
Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
+msgstr "Het moeilijkste onderdeel van het schrijven van de kernel leek ons het
debuggen van een kernel programma zonder een gelijktijdig draaiende debugger,
dat was een reden voor dit ontwerp. Die taak was al gedaan, in Mach, en we
verwachtten Hurd servers te kunnen debuggen als gebruiker programma's, met GDB.
Maar het heeft lang geduurd om dat mogelijk te maken, en de multi-executie-pad
servers die berichten naar elkaar sturen bleken heel moeilijk te debuggen.
Hurd stabiel te laten werken duurde steeds langer, jaren."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Alix"
+msgid "Alix"
+msgstr "Alix"
+
+# | The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the [-HURD.-]
+# | {+Hurd.+} Its original name was Alix—named after the woman who was
+# | my sweetheart at the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed
+# | out how her name would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system
+# | versions; as a joke, she told her friends, “Someone should name a
+# | kernel after me.” I said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a
+# | kernel named Alix.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the HURD. Its "
+#| "original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart "
+#| "at the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her "
+#| "name would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a "
+#| "joke, she told her friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me."
+#| "” I said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named "
+#| "Alix."
+msgid "The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its
original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at the
time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her name would fit
a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a joke, she told her
friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me.” I said nothing,
but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
+msgstr "De GNU kernel zou eerst niet de naam Hurd krijgen. De originele naam
was Alix—vernoemd naar de vrouw die ik toen liefhad. Zij, een Unix
systeembeheerder, wees op het feit dat haar naam een algemeen patroon van Unix
systeem versies volgde; als grap vertelde ze haar vrienden “Iemand zou
een kernel naar mij moeten noemen.” Ik zei niets, maar besloot haar te
verassen met een kernel “Alix”."
+
+# | It did not stay that way. Michael [-Bushnell-] (now [-Thomas),-]
+# | {+Thomas) Bushnell,+} the main developer of the kernel, preferred the name
+# | [-HURD,-] {+Hurd,+} and redefined Alix to refer to a certain part of the
+# | kernel—the part that would trap system calls and handle them by
+# | sending messages to [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} servers.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It did not stay that way. Michael Bushnell (now Thomas), the main "
+#| "developer of the kernel, preferred the name HURD, and redefined Alix to "
+#| "refer to a certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap "
+#| "system calls and handle them by sending messages to HURD servers."
+msgid "It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main
developer of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer
to a certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap system calls and
handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
+msgstr "Maar het hield geen stand. Michael Bushnell (nu Thomas), hoofd
ontwikkelaar van de kernel gaf de voorkeur aan Hurd, en bepaalde dat een
bepaald onderdeel van de kernel Alix zou heten—het deel dat
systeemaanroepen zou afvangen, en de aanvraag zou verwerken door berichten naar
Hurd servers te zenden."
+
+# | [-Ultimately,-]{+Later,+} Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name;
+# | independently, the [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} design was changed so that the C
+# | library would send messages directly to servers, and this made the Alix
+# | component disappear from the design.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Ultimately, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, "
+#| "the HURD design was changed so that the C library would send messages "
+#| "directly to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the "
+#| "design."
+msgid "Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently,
the Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly
to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
+msgstr "Uiteindelijk ging het uit tussen mij en Alix, en ze veranderde haar
naam; onafhankelijk hiervan werd het Hurd ontwerp veranderd zodat de C
bibliotheek de berichten direct naar de servers zou zenden, het Alix onderdeel
verdween uit het ontwerp."
+
+# | But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name
+# | Alix in the [-HURD-] {+Hurd+} source code, and mentioned [-the name-]
+# | {+it+} to her. So [-the name-] {+she+} did [-its job.-] {+have the chance
+# | to find a kernel named after her.+}
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name "
+#| "Alix in the HURD source code, and mentioned the name to her. So the name "
+#| "did its job."
+msgid "But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name
Alix in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the
chance to find a kernel named after her."
+msgstr "Voordat dit echter gebeurde zag een vriend van haar de naam Alix in de
Hurd broncode en vertelde het tegen haar. Ze heeft dus de kans gehad een kernel
naar haar vernoemd te hebben."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
+msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
+msgstr "Linux en GNU/Linux"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if
it ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly
from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear whether solutions
exist."
+msgstr "GNU Hurd is nog niet produktierijp en we weten niet of dit ooit het
geval zal zijn. Het toepassingsgerichte ontwerp geeft problemen die een direct
gevolg zijn van het flexibele ontwerp. Het is niet duidelijk of er een
oplossing is."
+
+# | [-The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use.-]Fortunately, another
+# | kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible
+# | kernel and called it Linux. [-Around-] {+In+} 1992, {+he made Linux free
+# | software;+} combining Linux with the not-quite-complete GNU system
+# | resulted in a complete free operating system. (Combining them was a
+# | substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due to Linux that we can
+# | actually run a version of the GNU system today.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use. Fortunately, another "
+#| "kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible "
+#| "kernel and called it Linux. Around 1992, combining Linux with the not-"
+#| "quite-complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system. "
+#| "(Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due "
+#| "to Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
+msgid "Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds
developed a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux
free software; combining Linux with the not-quite-complete GNU system resulted
in a complete free operating system. (Combining them was a substantial job in
itself, of course.) It is due to Linux that we can actually run a version of
the GNU system today."
+msgstr "GNU Hurd is niet klaar voor productie. Gelukkig is een andere kernel
voorhanden. In 1991 ontwikkelde Linus Torvalds een Unix-achtige kernel, en
noemde het Linux. In 1992 maakte hij van Linux vrije software en combineerde
Linux met het nog-niet-helemaal-complete GNU systeem tot een compleet vrij
besturingssysteem. (Het combineren zelf was een flinke taak, uiteraard.)
Dankzij Linux kunnen we daadwerkelijk vandaag de dag een versie van het GNU
systeem draaien."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
+#| "combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
+msgid "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a
combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
+msgstr "Wij noemen deze versie GNU/Linux, om aan te geven dat het een
combinatie betreft van het GNU systeem met Linux als kernel."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Challenges in our future"
+msgid "Challenges in our future"
+msgstr "Uitdagingen voor de toekomst"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
+#| "This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
+#| "make the future of free software uncertain; meeting them will require "
+#| "steadfast effort and endurance, sometimes lasting for years. It will "
+#| "require the kind of determination that people display when they value "
+#| "their freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
+msgid "We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free
software. This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several
challenges make the future of free software uncertain; meeting them will
require steadfast effort and endurance, sometimes lasting for years. It will
require the kind of determination that people display when they value their
freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
+msgstr "Wij hebben bewezen dat we een breed spectrum vrije software kunnen
ontwikkelen. Dit betekent niet dat we onoverwinnelijk en niet te stoppen zijn.
Verschillende uitdagingen maken de toekomst van vrije software onzeker; die het
hoofd bieden zal standvastigheid en volhouden vergen, soms jarenlang. Het zal
het soort doorzettingsvermogen vergen die mensen laten zien als ze vrij willen
zijn, en niet toelaten dat die afgenomen wordt."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
+msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
+msgstr "De volgende vier secties behandelen deze uitdagingen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Secret hardware"
+msgid "Secret hardware"
+msgstr "Geheime hardware"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
+#| "secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
+#| "XFree86 can support new hardware. We have complete free systems today, "
+#| "but we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's "
+#| "computers."
+msgid "Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware
specifications secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that
Linux and XFree86 can support new hardware. We have complete free systems
today, but we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's
computers."
+msgstr "Hardware fabrikanten houden steeds vaker hun hardware specificaties
geheim. Dit maakt het moeilijk om vrije stuurprogramma's te schrijven zodat
Linux en XFree86 de nieuwe hardware kunnen ondersteunen. We hebben nu compleet
vrije systemen, maar dat geldt niet voor de toekomst als we de computers van
morgen niet kunnen ondersteunen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
+#| "engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us "
+#| "can choose the hardware that is supported by free software; as our "
+#| "numbers increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating "
+#| "policy."
+msgid "There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do
reverse engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us
can choose the hardware that is supported by free software; as our numbers
increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
+msgstr "Er zijn twee manieren om met dit probleem om te gaan. Programmeurs
kunnen de hardware van buiten benaderen om uit te vinden hoe het werkt. De
rest kan hardware kiezen die wordt ondersteund door vrije software; als we dit
massaal doen wordt geheimhouding van specificaties een doodlopende weg."
+
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and non[---]free
+# | drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money,
+# | or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the
+# | determination to have freedom is widespread.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and non-free "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
+msgid "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with
sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a
strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a
little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to
have freedom is widespread."
+msgstr "Het ontrafelen van software is een zware taak; hebben we hier
programmeurs met voldoende doorzettingsvermogen voor? Ja—als we ons sterk
maken voor vrije software als principe, en onvrije stuurprogramma's niet
tolereren. En zullen velen van ons extra geld uitgeven, of zelfs een beetje
meer tijd, zodat we vrije stuurprogramma's kunnen gebruiken? Zeker als de
vastberadenheid voor vrijheid breed wordt gedragen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
BIOS, coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can
support them.)"
+msgstr "(2008 voetnoot: dit speelt ook in de BIOS. Er is een vrije BIOS,
coreboot; probleem is het verkrijgen van specificaties van machines zodat
coreboot die kan ondersteunen.)"
+
+# | Non[---]free libraries
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Non-free libraries"
+msgid "Nonfree libraries"
+msgstr "Onvrije bibliotheken"
+
+# | A non[---]free library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap
+# | for free software developers. The library's attractive features are the
+# | bait; if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program
+# | cannot usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking,
+# | we could include your program, but it won't [-<strong>run</strong>-]
+# | {+<em>run</em>+} with the library missing.) Even worse, if a program that
+# | uses the proprietary library becomes popular, it can lure other
+# | unsuspecting programmers into the trap.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A non-free library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
+#| "free software developers. The library's attractive features are the "
+#| "bait; if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your "
+#| "program cannot usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly "
+#| "speaking, we could include your program, but it won't <strong>run</"
+#| "strong> with the library missing.) Even worse, if a program that uses "
+#| "the proprietary library becomes popular, it can lure other unsuspecting "
+#| "programmers into the trap."
+msgid "A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap
for free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait;
if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program cannot
usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking, we could
include your program, but it won't <em>run</em> with the library missing.)
Even worse, if a program that uses the proprietary library becomes popular, it
can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
+msgstr "Een onvrije bibliotheek die draait op een vrij besturingssysteem werkt
als een hinderlaag voor vrije software ontwikkelaars. De bibliotheek heeft
aantrekkelijke mogelijkheden, het aas; als je de bibliotheek gebruikt val je in
de val, omdat je programma geen bruikbaar onderdeel van een vrij
besturingssysteem kan worden. (Strikt gesproken kunnen we je programma
opnemen, maar het zal niet <em>draaien</em> als de bibliotheek mist.) Sterker
nog, als een programma populair wordt dat private bibliotheken gebruikt kan het
andere nietsvermoedende programmeurs in de val lokken."
+
+# | The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s.
+# | Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what
+# | problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in
+# | two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free
+# | X [-t-]{+T+}oolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to
+# | write a free replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif,
+# | developed by the Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support
+# | most Motif applications only in 1997.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the "
+#| "80s. Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear "
+#| "what problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project "
+#| "responded in two ways: by asking individual free software projects to "
+#| "support the free X toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for "
+#| "someone to write a free replacement for Motif. The job took many years; "
+#| "LessTif, developed by the Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to "
+#| "support most Motif applications only in 1997."
+msgid "The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the
80s. Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what
problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in two
ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free X Toolkit
widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to write a free replacement
for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif, developed by the Hungry
Programmers, became powerful enough to support most Motif applications only in
1997."
+msgstr "De eerste keer dat dit een probleem werd was met de Motif toolkit, al
weer lang geleden in de tachtiger jaren. Alhoewel er toen nog geen vrije
besturingssystemen waren, was duidelijk welk probleem Motif zou gaan opleveren
voor vrije software programma's. Het GNU Project reageerde op twee manieren:
door individuele vrije software projecten te vragen om de vrije X Toolkit
widgets naast die van Motif te ondersteunen, en om te vragen om iemand die een
vrije vervanging voor Motif kon schrijven. Dit kostte vele jaren; LessTif,
ontwikkeld door de Hungry Programmers, werd pas in 1997 krachtig genoeg om de
meeste Motif toepassingen te ondersteunen."
+
+# | Between 1996 and 1998, another [-non-free <abbr-] {+nonfree <acronym+}
+# | title=\"Graphical User [-Interface\">GUI</abbr>-]
+# | {+Interface\">GUI</acronym>+} toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a
+# | substantial collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title=\"K
+# | Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Between 1996 and 1998, another non-free <abbr title=\"Graphical User "
+#| "Interface\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
+#| "substantial collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title=\"K "
+#| "Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+msgid "Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User
Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial
collection of free software, the desktop <acronym title=\"K Desktop
Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+msgstr "Tussen 1996 en 1998 werd een andere onvrije <acronym title=\"Graphical
User Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit (een softwarebiblioheek met grafische
hulpmiddelen, nvdv), Qt genoemd, gebruikt in een aanzienlijke hoeveelheid vrije
software, de bureaublad software <acronym title=\"K Desktop
Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+
+# | Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use [-<acronym>KDE</acronym>,-]
+# | {+KDE,+} because we could not use the library. However, some commercial
+# | distributors of GNU/Linux systems who were not strict about sticking with
+# | free software added [-<acronym>KDE</acronym>-] {+KDE+} to their
+# | systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom.
+# | The [-<acronym>KDE</acronym>-] {+KDE+} group was actively encouraging
+# | more programmers to use Qt, and millions of new “Linux users”
+# | had never been exposed to the idea that there was a problem in this. The
+# | situation appeared grim.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use <acronym>KDE</acronym>, because "
+#| "we could not use the library. However, some commercial distributors of "
+#| "GNU/Linux systems who were not strict about sticking with free software "
+#| "added <acronym>KDE</acronym> to their systems—producing a system "
+#| "with more capabilities, but less freedom. The <acronym>KDE</acronym> "
+#| "group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and millions "
+#| "of new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea that "
+#| "there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
+msgid "Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use
the library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who
were not strict about sticking with free software added KDE to their
systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom. The
KDE group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and millions of
new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea that there was
a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
+msgstr "Vrije GNU/Linux systemen konden KDE niet gebruiken omdat we de
bibliotheek niet konden inzetten. Sommige commerciële distributeurs van
GNU/Linux systemen, die niet principieel waren met vrije software, voegden KDE
toe aan hun systemen—waardoor hun producten meer konden, maar met minder
vrijheid. De KDE groep probeerde meer programmeurs over te halen om Qt te gaan
gebruiken, en miljoenen nieuwe “Linux gebruikers” wisten niet dat
dit een probleem was. Het zag er moeilijk uit."
+
+# | The free software community responded to the problem in two ways:
+# | [-<acronym>GNOME</acronym>-] {+GNOME+} and Harmony.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: "
+#| "<acronym>GNOME</acronym> and Harmony."
+msgid "The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME
and Harmony."
+msgstr "De vrije software gemeenschap reageerde op twee manieren: GNOME en
Harmony."
+
+# | [-<acronym>GNOME</acronym>,-]{+GNOME,+} the GNU Network Object Model
+# | Environment, is GNU's desktop project. Started in 1997 by Miguel de
+# | Icaza, and developed with the support of Red Hat Software,
+# | [-<acronym>GNOME</acronym>-] {+GNOME+} set out to provide similar desktop
+# | facilities, but using free software exclusively. It has technical
+# | advantages as well, such as supporting a variety of languages, not just
+# | C++. But its main purpose was freedom: not to require the use of any
+# | non[---]free software.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<acronym>GNOME</acronym>, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is "
+#| "GNU's desktop project. Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed "
+#| "with the support of Red Hat Software, <acronym>GNOME</acronym> set out to "
+#| "provide similar desktop facilities, but using free software exclusively. "
+#| "It has technical advantages as well, such as supporting a variety of "
+#| "languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was freedom: not to "
+#| "require the use of any non-free software."
+msgid "GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop
project. Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of
Red Hat Software, GNOME set out to provide similar desktop facilities, but
using free software exclusively. It has technical advantages as well, such as
supporting a variety of languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was
freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
+msgstr "GNOME, de GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop
project. Het werd gestart in 1997 door Miguel de Icaza, en ontwikkelde zich,
ondersteund door Red Hat Software; GNOME had als doel gelijkwaardige desktop
faciliteiten te bieden, maar exclusief met vrije software. Het heeft ook
technische voordelen, zoals het ondersteunen van vele verschillende talen, niet
alleen C++. Maar het belangrijkste doel was vrijheid: onafhankelijkheid van
onvrije software."
+
+# | Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible
+# | to run [-<acronym>KDE</acronym>-] {+KDE+} software without using Qt.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible "
+#| "to run <acronym>KDE</acronym> software without using Qt."
+msgid "Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it
possible to run KDE software without using Qt."
+msgstr "Harmony is een vervanger voor Qt, met dezelfde interface, zodat KDE
software kan draaien zonder Qt."
+
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was non[---]free. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using Qt.)
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was non-free. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
+msgid "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be
sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to
the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is
inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+msgstr "In November 1998 kondigden de Qt ontwikkelaars aan dat ze hun licentie
gingen veranderen, zodat -als ze dit echt gingen doen- Qt vrije software zou
worden. We weten het niet zeker, maar ik denk dat dit gedeeltelijk een reactie
was op het krachtige weerwoord van de gemeenschap op het Qt probleem, toen het
nog onvrij was. (De nieuwe licentie is onhandig en ongelijkwaardig, het blijft
dus aan te raden om Qt niet te gebruiken.)"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU
GPL, which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgstr "[Aanvullende noot: in September 2000 werd Qt opnieuw uitgebracht onder
de GNU GPL, dit probleem is nu in feite opgelost.]"
+
+# | How will we respond to the next tempting non[---]free library? Will the
+# | whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many
+# | of us give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our
+# | future depends on our philosophy.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "How will we respond to the next tempting non-free library? Will the whole "
+#| "community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
+#| "give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our future "
+#| "depends on our philosophy."
+msgid "How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the
whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us
give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our future
depends on our philosophy."
+msgstr "Wat zal ons antwoord zijn op de volgende aantrekkelijke onvrije
bibliotheek? Zal de hele gemeenschap de noodzaak inzien van het ontwijken van
de val? Of zullen velen van ons vrijheid opgeven voor het gemak, en grote
problemen gaan opleveren? Onze toekomst hangt af van onze filosofie."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Software patents"
+msgid "Software patents"
+msgstr "Software patenten"
+
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The [-<abbr>LZW</abbr>-] {+LZW+} compression algorithm patents
+# | were applied for in 1983, and we still cannot release free software to
+# | produce proper compressed [-<abbr-] {+<acronym+} title=\"Graphics
+# | Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s.-] {+Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of
+# | 2009 they have expired.]+} In 1998, a free program to produce [-<abbr-]
+# | {+<acronym+} title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer [-3\">MP3</abbr>-]
+# | {+3\">MP3</acronym>+} compressed audio was removed from distribution under
+# | threat of a patent suit.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The <abbr>LZW</abbr> compression algorithm patents were applied "
+#| "for in 1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper "
+#| "compressed <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. In "
+#| "1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</"
+#| "abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat of a "
+#| "patent suit."
+msgid "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years.
The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still
cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <acronym
title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of 2009 they have
expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio
Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed from distribution under
threat of a patent suit."
+msgstr "De grootste dreiging komt van software patenten, die kunnen algoritmes
en mogelijkheden voor maximaal twintig jaar verboden gebied verklaren. Het LZW
compressie-algoritme patent werd aangevraagd in 1983, en we kunnen nog altijd
geen vrije software produceren die correct gecomprimeerde <acronym
title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s maakt [Sinds 2009 zijn ze
verlopen]. In 1998 kon een vrij programma dat <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio
Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> audiobestanden comprimeerde niet meer worden
uitgebracht, onder dreiging van een patent rechtszaak."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
+#| "patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
+#| "each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may "
+#| "force all free software to lack some feature that users want. What will "
+#| "we do when this happens?"
+msgid "There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But each
of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may force all
free software to lack some feature that users want. What will we do when this
happens?"
+msgstr "Er zijn manieren om ons tegen patenten te verweren: we kunnen zoeken
naar bewijs dat een patent ongeldig is, en we kunnen zoeken naar alternatieve
manieren om het werk te doen. Maar deze oplossingen werken niet altijd; als
beide falen kan het patent alle vrije software dwingen bepaalde functionaliteit
niet te hebben terwijl gebruikers het willen. Wat doen we als dit gebeurd?"
+
+# | Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free
+# | software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented
+# | features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be
+# | technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds
+# | it back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical
+# | effectiveness of the [-“cathedral”-] {+“bazaar”+}
+# | model of [-development (1),-] {+development,+} and the reliability and
+# | power of some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about
+# | freedom and principle.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with "
+#| "free software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the "
+#| "patented features. But those who value free software because they expect "
+#| "it to be technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a "
+#| "patent holds it back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the "
+#| "practical effectiveness of the “cathedral” model of "
+#| "development (1), and the reliability and power of some free software, we "
+#| "must not stop there. We must talk about freedom and principle."
+msgid "Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with
free software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented
features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be
technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds it
back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical effectiveness of
the “bazaar” model of development, and the reliability and power of
some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about freedom and
principle."
+msgstr "Diegenen van ons die vrije software waarderen om zijn vrijheid, zullen
altijd bij de vrije software blijven. We zullen ons werk doen zonder de
gepatenteerde functionaliteit. Maar degenen die van vrije software houden omdat
ze ervan verwachten dat het technisch superieur is, zullen het waarschijnlijk
een mislukking vinden als het door een patent wordt tegengehouden. Dus, hoewel
het zinnig is te discussiëren over het praktische effect van het
\"bazaar\"-model voor ontwikkeling, en de betrouwbaarheid en kracht van vrije
software, moeten we daar niet ophouden. We moeten het hebben over vrijheid en
principes."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Free documentation"
+msgid "Free documentation"
+msgstr "Vrije documentatie"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
+#| "software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
+#| "our systems. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; "
+#| "when an important free software package does not come with a good free "
+#| "manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
+msgid "The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the
software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in our
systems. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; when an
important free software package does not come with a good free manual, that is
a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
+msgstr "Het grootste gebrek in onze vrije besturingssystemen ligt niet in de
software—er is een tekort aan goede vrije handleidingen die we met onze
systemen kunnen bundelen. Documentatie is een essentieel onderdeel van ieder
softwarepakket; als een belangrijk vrij softwarepakket geen goede vrije
handleiding heeft, is dat een groot gemis. We hebben veel van zulke gaten
momenteel."
+
+# | Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price.
+# | The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free
+# | software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms.
+# | Redistribution (including commercial sale) must be permitted, on[---]line
+# | and on paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not "
+#| "price. The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for "
+#| "free software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. "
+#| "Redistribution (including commercial sale) must be permitted, on-line and "
+#| "on paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
+msgid "Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not
price. The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free
software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. Redistribution
(including commercial sale) must be permitted, online and on paper, so that the
manual can accompany every copy of the program."
+msgstr "Vrije documentatie is, net als vrije software, een kwestie van
vrijheid, niet van prijs. Het criterium voor een vrije handleiding is min of
meer gelijk aan dat van vrije software: alle gebruikers krijgen bepaalde
vrijheden. Her-distributie (inclusief commerciële handel) moet worden
toegestaan, elektronisch en op papier, zodat de handleiding met iedere kopie
van het programma kan worden geleverd."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
+#| "believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
+#| "sorts of articles and books. For example, I don't think you or I are "
+#| "obliged to give permission to modify articles like this one, which "
+#| "describe our actions and our views."
+msgid "Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't
believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all sorts
of articles and books. For example, I don't think you or I are obliged to give
permission to modify articles like this one, which describe our actions and our
views."
+msgstr "Toestaan van aanpassingen is ook belangrijk. In het algemeen geloof ik
niet dat het essentieel is dat mensen toestemming hebben om allerlei artikelen
en boeken aan te passen. Het lijkt me bijvoorbeeld niet nodig dat jij of ik
toestemming geven om een artikel als dit te veranderen, iets dat onze
activiteiten en meningen beschrijft."
+
+# | But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for
+# | documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
+# | modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
+# | conscientious they will change the manual{+,+} too—so they can
+# | provide accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A
+# | [-manual-] {+nonfree manual,+} which does not allow programmers to be
+# | conscientious and finish the job, does not fill our community's needs.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
+#| "documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to "
+#| "modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are "
+#| "conscientious they will change the manual too—so they can provide "
+#| "accurate and usable documentation with the modified program. A manual "
+#| "which does not allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, "
+#| "does not fill our community's needs."
+msgid "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial
for documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are conscientious
they will change the manual, too—so they can provide accurate and usable
documentation with the modified program. A nonfree manual, which does not
allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, does not fill our
community's needs."
+msgstr "Maar er is een speciale reden waarom de vrijheid van aanpassen
essentieel is voor documentatie van vrije software. Als mensen van hun recht om
software aan te passen gebruik maken, zoals het toevoegen of veranderen van
dingen, dan zullen ze als ze verantwoordelijk bezig willen zijn, ook de
handleiding aan willen passen—zodat ze correcte en bruikbare informatie
met het aangepaste programma kunnen leveren. Een handleiding die programmeurs
niet toelaat een taak verantwoordelijk af te ronden, voorziet niet in de
behoeften van de gemeenschap."
+
+# | Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For
+# | example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice,
+# | the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are [-ok.-] {+OK.+} It is
+# | also no problem to require modified versions to include notice that they
+# | were modified, even to have entire sections that may not be deleted or
+# | changed, as long as these sections deal with nontechnical topics. These
+# | kinds of restrictions are not a problem because they don't stop the
+# | conscientious programmer from adapting the manual to fit the modified
+# | program. In other words, they don't block the free software community
+# | from making full use of the manual.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
+#| "example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
+#| "the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are ok. It is also no "
+#| "problem to require modified versions to include notice that they were "
+#| "modified, even to have entire sections that may not be deleted or "
+#| "changed, as long as these sections deal with nontechnical topics. These "
+#| "kinds of restrictions are not a problem because they don't stop the "
+#| "conscientious programmer from adapting the manual to fit the modified "
+#| "program. In other words, they don't block the free software community "
+#| "from making full use of the manual."
+msgid "Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem.
For example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice,
the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is also no problem
to require modified versions to include notice that they were modified, even to
have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, as long as these
sections deal with nontechnical topics. These kinds of restrictions are not a
problem because they don't stop the conscientious programmer from adapting the
manual to fit the modified program. In other words, they don't block the free
software community from making full use of the manual."
+msgstr "Bepaalde grenzen aan wat veranderd mag worden zijn geen probleem.
Bijvoorbeeld: de eis dat het auteursrecht van de originele auteur, de
voorwaarden voor distributie, en de lijst van auteurs gehandhaafd blijven, daar
is niets mis mee. Het is ook geen probleem te eisen dat veranderde versies een
notitie bevatten dat ze veranderd werden, of zelfs het hebben van hele
onderdelen die niet veranderd of verwijderd mogen worden, zolang die onderdelen
maar niet over de techniek gaan. Dit soort beperkingen zijn geen probleem omdat
ze een verantwoordelijke programmeur niet in de weg zitten bij het aanpassen
van een handleiding aan een veranderd programma. Met andere woorden: ze
verhinderen niet het gebruik van de handleiding door de software gemeenschap."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content "
+#| "of the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, "
+#| "through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do obstruct "
+#| "the community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
+msgid "However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em>
content of the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media,
through all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do obstruct the
community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
+msgstr "Het moet echter mogelijk blijven alle <em>technische</em> inhoud van
een handleiding te redigeren, en het resultaat te kunnen distribueren via de
gebruikelijke wegen en kanalen; anders zitten de beperkingen de gemeenschap in
de weg; de handleiding is niet vrij, we hebben dan een andere handleiding
nodig."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
+#| "produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends "
+#| "on philosophy."
+msgid "Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to
produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on
philosophy."
+msgstr "Zullen vrije software ontwikkelaars de oplettendheid en het
doorzettingsvermogen hebben om een breed spectrum vrije handleidingen te
produceren? Onze filosofie bepaald onze toekomst."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "We must talk about freedom"
+msgid "We must talk about freedom"
+msgstr "We moeten het over vrijheid hebben"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
+msgid "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux
systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free
software has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it
for purely practical reasons."
+msgstr "Er wordt heden ten dage geschat dat er tientallen miljoenen gebruikers
van GNU/Linux systemen zoals Debian GNU/Linux en Red Hat “Linux”
zijn. Vrije software heeft zoveel praktische voordelen ontwikkeld, dat
gebruikers alleen daar al massaal op af komen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing "
+#| "free software, more customers for free software businesses, and more "
+#| "ability to encourage companies to develop commercial free software "
+#| "instead of proprietary software products."
+msgid "The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing
free software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to
encourage companies to develop commercial free software instead of proprietary
software products."
+msgstr "De goede gevolgen hiervan zijn duidelijk: meer interesse in het
ontwikkelen van vrije software, meer klanten voor vrije software bedrijven,
meer mogelijkheden om bedrijven aan te moedigen commerciële vrije software
in plaats van private software te maken."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
+#| "philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to "
+#| "meet the challenges and threats described above depends on the will to "
+#| "stand firm for freedom. To make sure our community has this will, we "
+#| "need to spread the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
+msgid "But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the
philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet the
challenges and threats described above depends on the will to stand firm for
freedom. To make sure our community has this will, we need to spread the idea
to the new users as they come into the community."
+msgstr "Maar de interesse voor de software groeit sneller dan de bekendheid
van de achterliggende filosofie, dit geeft problemen. Onze kracht om de boven
beschreven uitdagingen aan te gaan hangt af van de wil om achter onze vrijheid
te gaan staan. Om zeker te zijn dat onze gemeenschap deze wil heeft, is het
nodig deze ideeën te verspreiden naar nieuwe gebruikers, als ze met de
gemeenschap in aanraking komen."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
+#| "community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of "
+#| "our community. We need to do both, and we need to keep the two efforts "
+#| "in balance."
+msgid "But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our
community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our
community. We need to do both, and we need to keep the two efforts in balance."
+msgstr "Maar dit is aan het mislukken: er wordt veel meer moeite gestoken in
het aantrekken van nieuwe gebruikers, dan in het aanleren van de
basisvoorwaarden van onze gemeenschap. Het is nodig beide te doen, en te zorgen
dat deze twee doelen in evenwicht blijven."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "“Open Source”"
+msgid "“Open Source”"
+msgstr "“Open Source”"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a "
+#| "part of the community decided to stop using the term “free "
+#| "software” and say “open source software” instead."
+msgid "Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a
part of the community decided to stop using the term “free
software” and say “open source software” instead."
+msgstr "Aanleren van het basisprincipe vrijheid aan nieuwe gebruikers werd
moeilijker in 1998, toen een deel van de gemeenschap besloot te stoppen met de
term “vrije software”, en van “open source software”
(“open broncode”, nvdv) begon te spreken."
+
+# | Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of
+# | “free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others,
+# | however, aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated the
+# | free software movement and the GNU [-p-]{+P+}roject, and to appeal instead
+# | to executives and business users, many of whom hold an ideology that
+# | places profit above freedom, above community, above principle. Thus, the
+# | rhetoric of “open source” focuses on the potential to make
+# | high[- -]{+-+}quality, powerful software, but shuns the ideas of freedom,
+# | community, and principle.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
+#| "free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, "
+#| "however, aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated "
+#| "the free software movement and the GNU project, and to appeal instead to "
+#| "executives and business users, many of whom hold an ideology that places "
+#| "profit above freedom, above community, above principle. Thus, the "
+#| "rhetoric of “open source” focuses on the potential to make "
+#| "high quality, powerful software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, "
+#| "community, and principle."
+msgid "Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of
“free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others,
however, aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated the free
software movement and the GNU Project, and to appeal instead to executives and
business users, many of whom hold an ideology that places profit above freedom,
above community, above principle. Thus, the rhetoric of “open
source” focuses on the potential to make high-quality, powerful software,
but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
+msgstr "Er waren er die de voorkeur gaven aan de nieuwe term, omdat het
“vrij” niet met “gratis” verward—op zich een
goede reden. Anderen stelden zich echter ten doel om de principiële
inspiratie die de vrije software beweging en het GNU Project gemotiveerd
hadden, opzij te zetten, om in de gunst van bedrijfsleiders en commerciële
gebruikers te komen, waarvan velen een ideologie aanhangen die winst boven
vrijheid stelt, boven gemeenschap, boven principes. De “open
source” retoriek richt zich op de mogelijkheid kwalitatief hoogstaande en
krachtige software te maken, maar schudt ideeën als vrijheid, gemeenschap
en principes van zich af."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they "
+#| "are filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with "
+#| "GNU/Linux. When the next Motif or Qt appears, will these magazines warn "
+#| "programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
+msgid "The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of
this—they are filled with advertisements for proprietary software that
works with GNU/Linux. When the next Motif or Qt appears, will these magazines
warn programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
+msgstr "De “Linux” bladen zijn hier een duidelijk voorbeeld
van—ze staan vol advertenties voor private software die met GNU/Linux
werkt. Als de volgende Motif of Qt verschijnt, zullen deze bladen dan de
programmeurs waarschuwen zich er niet mee in te laten, of zullen ze er
advertenties voor plaatsen?"
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
+#| "else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking "
+#| "even less about freedom and principle can be disastrous; it makes the "
+#| "previous imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
+msgid "The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways;
all else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even
less about freedom and principle can be disastrous; it makes the previous
imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
+msgstr "De steun van bedrijven kan bijdragen aan de gemeenschap, op veel
manieren; op die manier is het nuttig. Maar hen overhalen door nog minder over
vrijheid en principes te praten kan rampzalig zijn; het uit evenwicht zijn van
het aantrekken van gebruikers en het aanleren van onze cultuur wordt nog erger."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
+msgid "“Free software” and “open source” describe the
same category of software, more or less, but say different things about the
software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just
technology, is important."
+msgstr "“Vrije software” en “open source” beschrijven
min of meer dezelfde software-categorie, maar ze zeggen verschillende dingen
over deze software, en over normen en waarden. Het GNU Project gaat door met de
term “vrije software”, om duidelijk te maken dat het over vrijheid
gaat, meer dan slechts techniek."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#| msgid "Try!"
+msgid "Try!"
+msgstr "Proberen!"
+
+# | Yoda's [-philosophy-] {+aphorism+} (“There is no
+# | ‘try’”) sounds neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have
+# | done most of my work while anxious about whether I could do the job, and
+# | unsure that it would be enough to achieve the goal if I did. But I tried
+# | anyway, because there was no one but me between the enemy and my city.
+# | Surprising myself, I have sometimes succeeded.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Yoda's philosophy (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds "
+#| "neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while "
+#| "anxious about whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be "
+#| "enough to achieve the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there "
+#| "was no one but me between the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I "
+#| "have sometimes succeeded."
+msgid "Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds
neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious
about whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be enough to achieve
the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there was no one but me between
the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I have sometimes succeeded."
+msgstr "Yoda's aforisme (“‘Proberen’ bestaat niet”)
klinkt leuk, maar is niks voor mij. Meestal ben ik tijdens het werk in de
stress of ik het eigenlijk wel kan. Maar ik probeerde het toch, omdat er
niemand anders tussen de vijand en mijn stad stond. Tot mijn eigen verbazing is
het soms toch gelukt."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
+#| "threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've "
+#| "learned to look for threats and put myself between them and my city, "
+#| "calling on other hackers to come and join me."
+msgid "Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found
another threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've
learned to look for threats and put myself between them and my city, calling on
other hackers to come and join me."
+msgstr "Soms is het mis gegaan; een paar van mijn steden zijn gevallen. Dan
vond ik een andere bedreigde stad, en maakte me klaar voor nieuwe strijd. Ik
leerde uit te kijken naar gevaren, en plaatste mijzelf tussen hen en mijn stad,
hulp in roepend van andere hackers om zich bij mij aan te sluiten."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I "
+#| "see a regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, "
+#| "this city may survive—for now. But the dangers are greater each "
+#| "year, and now Microsoft has explicitly targeted our community. We can't "
+#| "take the future of freedom for granted. Don't take it for granted! If "
+#| "you want to keep your freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
+msgid "Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I
see a regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city
may survive—for now. But the dangers are greater each year, and now
Microsoft has explicitly targeted our community. We can't take the future of
freedom for granted. Don't take it for granted! If you want to keep your
freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
+msgstr "Tegenwoordig ben ik vaak niet de enige. Het is een opluchting en een
feest wanneer ik een regiment hackers zich zie ingraven om het front te
verdedigen, en ik realiseer me, deze stad kan overleven—voor even. Maar
de gevaren zijn elk jaar groter, en nu neemt Microsoft expliciet onze
gemeenschap op de korrel. Wij kunnen de toekomst van vrijheid niet voor lief
nemen. Neem het niet voor lief! Als je je vrijheid wilt, moet je bereid zijn
het te verdedigen."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr "Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a
href=\"/contact/\">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr "Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of
suggesties) te sturen aan: <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#| "translations of this article."
+msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr "Zie <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a>
voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit artikel."
+
+# | Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, [-2007-] {+2007, 2008,
+# | 2010+} Richard Stallman
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#| msgid "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard
Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010
Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr "Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Licentie</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr " "
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Bijgewerkt:"
+
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