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www licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist phi...
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From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist phi... |
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Date: |
Mon, 12 Dec 2011 09:27:51 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/12/12 09:27:51
Modified files:
licenses/po : quick-guide-gplv3.translist
philosophy/po : free-digital-society.pot gates.translist
Added files:
licenses : quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html
licenses/po : quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
philosophy : gates.ru.html
philosophy/po : gates.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/gates.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gates.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/gates.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist 20 Oct 2011 08:44:50 -0000
1.2
+++ licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist 12 Dec 2011 09:27:36 -0000
1.3
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
<li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html">English</a> [en]</li>
<!-- French -->
<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: philosophy/po/free-digital-society.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/free-digital-society.pot 29 Nov 2011 09:28:36 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/free-digital-society.pot 12 Dec 2011 09:27:46 -0000
1.2
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-11-29 04:25-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-12-12 04:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
"respect their freedom; or we have to make it respect their freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Surveillance]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Surveillance"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@
msgid ""
"We can stop our own computers from doing surveillance on us if we have "
"control of the software that they run. But the software these people are "
-"running, they don't have control over. It's non-free software, and that's "
-"why it has malicious features, such as surveillance. However, the "
-"surveillance is not always done with our own computers, it's also done at "
-"one remove. For instance ISPs in Europe are required to keep data about the "
-"user's internet communications for a long time, in case the State decides to "
-"investigate that person later for whatever imaginable reason."
+"running, they don't have control over. It's nonfree software, and that's why "
+"it has malicious features, such as surveillance. However, the surveillance "
+"is not always done with our own computers, it's also done at one remove. For "
+"instance ISPs in Europe are required to keep data about the user's internet "
+"communications for a long time, in case the State decides to investigate "
+"that person later for whatever imaginable reason."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@
"car was tracked through this universal car tracking system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Censorship]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Censorship"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@
"not a free country. And is not a legitimate government either."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Restricted data formats]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Restricted data formats"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -285,15 +285,15 @@
"Now, evidently, if the program implements a secret format, that's because "
"the program is not free software. So this is another kind of malicious "
"feature. Surveillance is one kind of malicious feature that you find in some "
-"non-free programs; using secret formats to restrict the users is another "
-"kind of malicious feature that you also find in some non-free programs."
+"nonfree programs; using secret formats to restrict the users is another kind "
+"of malicious feature that you also find in some nonfree programs."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But if you have a free program that handles a certain format, <em>ipso "
"facto</em> that format is not secret. This kind of malicious feature can "
-"only exist in a non-free program. Surveillance features could theoretically "
+"only exist in a nonfree program. Surveillance features could theoretically "
"exist in a free program but you don't find them happening. Because the users "
"would fix it. The users wouldn't like this, so they would fix it."
msgstr ""
@@ -373,8 +373,8 @@
"opinion are different."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Software that isn't free]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Software that isn't free"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -407,11 +407,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"So, a non-free program is an instrument to give somebody <em>power</em> over "
+"So, a nonfree program is an instrument to give somebody <em>power</em> over "
"a lot of other people and this is unjust power that nobody should ever "
-"have. This is why non-free software (les logiciels privateurs, qui privent "
-"de la liberté), why proprietary software is an injustice and should "
-"not exist; because it leaves the users without freedom."
+"have. This is why nonfree software (les logiciels privateurs, qui privent de "
+"la liberté), why proprietary software is an injustice and should not "
+"exist; because it leaves the users without freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"Anyway, malicious features are present in the most widely used non-free "
+"Anyway, malicious features are present in the most widely used nonfree "
"programs, but they are rare in free software, because with free software the "
"users have control: they can read the source code and they can change "
"it. So, if there were a malicious feature, somebody would sooner or later "
@@ -465,8 +465,8 @@
"are rare in free software, and common in proprietary software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[The 4 freedoms of free software]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The 4 freedoms of free software"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -531,8 +531,8 @@
"freedom to make some source code that won't run."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[The GNU project and the free software movement]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The GNU project and the free software movement"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -623,8 +623,8 @@
"agree with us, show it: say libre!"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Free software and education]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Free software and education"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -765,8 +765,8 @@
"those secondary issues, and ignore what really matters!"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Internet services]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Internet services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -912,14 +912,14 @@
"supplied by you—things that you should do on your own computer but "
"they invite you to let somebody else's computer do that computing work for "
"you. And the result is you lose control over it. It's just as if you used a "
-"non-free program."
+"nonfree program."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Two different scenarios but they lead to the same problem. If you do your "
-"computing with a non-free program—well, the users don't control the "
-"non-free program, it controls the users, which would include you. So you've "
+"computing with a nonfree program—well, the users don't control the "
+"nonfree program, it controls the users, which would include you. So you've "
"lost control of the computing that's being done. But if you do your "
"computing in his server—well, the programs that are doing it are the "
"ones he chose. You can't touch them or see them, so you have no control over "
@@ -1032,8 +1032,8 @@
"voting. Make sure there are ballots that can be recounted."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[The war on sharing]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "The war on sharing"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1218,8 +1218,8 @@
"I realize if we want them to do more work we should support them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Supporting the arts]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Supporting the arts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -1317,8 +1317,8 @@
"nature. So let's support artists in other ways."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: outside any tag (error?)
-msgid "<strong>[Rights in cyberspace]</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Rights in cyberspace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
Index: philosophy/po/gates.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/gates.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/gates.translist 19 Sep 2011 00:31:09 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/gates.translist 12 Dec 2011 09:27:46 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
<li><a href="/philosophy/gates.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li>
<!-- Dutch -->
<li><a href="/philosophy/gates.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gates.ru.html">русский</a> [ru]</li>
</ul>
</div> <!-- id="translations" -->
<!-- end translinks file -->
Index: licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html
diff -N licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ru.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:31 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>GPLv3: кÑаÑкое ÑÑководÑÑво - пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (ФСÐÐ)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist" -->
+<h2>GPLv3: кÑаÑкое ÑÑководÑÑво</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-127x51.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p><strong>ÐÑеÑÑ Ð¡Ð¼Ð¸Ñ</strong></p>
+
+<p>[ÐÑигинал ÑÑаÑÑи доÑÑÑпен Ñакже в
ÑоÑмаÑе <a
+href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.pdf">PDF</a> и <a
+href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.tar.gz">в иÑÑ
одном
ÑоÑмаÑе</a>.]</p>
+
+<p>ЧеÑез полÑоÑа года оÑкÑÑÑÑÑ
конÑÑлÑÑаÑий, ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑаний и ÑеÑÑÑеÑ
+пÑедваÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑедакÑий 29 иÑнÑ
2007 года бÑла оконÑаÑелÑно
+опÑбликована веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 СÑандаÑÑной
обÑеÑÑвенной лиÑензии GNU (<a
+href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.html">GPLv3</a>). ХоÑÑ Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñа
поÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑвой
+ÑедакÑии лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ обÑÑждалаÑÑ, не
многие говоÑили о вÑгодаÑ
, коÑоÑÑе
+она пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑикам. ЧÑобÑ
воÑполниÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ñобел, мÑ
+опÑбликовали ÑÑо ÑÑководÑÑво. СнаÑала
напомним вкÑаÑÑе о Ñом, ÑÑо Ñакое
+ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, авÑоÑÑкое лево и
ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ñели GPL. ÐаÑем ÑаÑÑмоÑÑим
+важнÑе Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² лиÑензии, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑÑÑ,
как они ÑлÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑим ÑелÑм и Ñем
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑикам.</p>
+<div class="section" id="the-foundations-of-the-gpl">
+<h3>ÐÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ GPL</h3>
+<p>ÐикÑо не должен бÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑен
пÑогÑаммами, коÑоÑÑми полÑзÑеÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑÑ
ÑеÑÑÑе
+ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
полÑзоваÑелÑ:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Ñвобода пÑименÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² лÑбÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ
,</li>
+<li>Ñвобода доÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвои
нÑждÑ,</li>
+<li>Ñвобода обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой Ñо
Ñвоими дÑÑзÑÑми и ÑоÑедÑми,</li>
+<li>Ñвобода обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñми,
коÑоÑÑе Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑли.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Ðогда пÑогÑамма пÑедлагаеÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм вÑе ÑÑи ÑвободÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем
ее <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.ru.html">Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммой</a>.</p>
+<p>РазÑабоÑÑики, пиÑÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ, могÑÑ
вÑпÑÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ на ÑÑловиÑÑ
GNU
+GPL. Ðогда они ÑÑо ÑделаÑÑ, пÑогÑамма ÑÑанеÑ
и навÑегда оÑÑанеÑÑÑ Ñвободной
+незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого, кÑо ее изменÑÐµÑ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем ÑÑо
+авÑоÑÑким левом: на пÑогÑаммÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкие пÑава, но
вмеÑÑо
+полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑими пÑавами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑениÑ
полÑзоваÑелей, как ÑÑо делаÑÑ
+неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑем иÑ
,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо каждÑй
+полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ñвободой.</p>
+<p>ÐÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»Ñем GPL, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ
авÑоÑÑкое лево Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
и
+ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑкиÑ
пÑиемов, подÑÑваÑÑиÑ
его.
ÐоÑледнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑаеÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей Ð¾Ñ ÑÑеÑ
новÑÑ
ÑгÑоз:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><em>ТивоизаÑиÑ</em>. ÐекоÑоÑÑе компании
Ñоздали вÑевозможного Ñода
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑва, коÑоÑÑе вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
под GPL, а заÑем пеÑекÑоили
+аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ могли изменÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе на ней
+вÑполнÑÑÑÑÑ, а Ð²Ñ — не могли. ÐÑли
ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ
+пÑоизволÑнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, Ñо ÑÑо —
компÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±Ñего назнаÑениÑ, и
+его Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½ конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ. Ðогда
+ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво не Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ делаÑÑ ÑÑо, мÑ
назÑваем ÑÑо ÑивоизаÑией.</li>
+<li><em>ÐаконÑ, запÑеÑаÑÑие ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммÑ</em>. Такие законодаÑелÑнÑе
+акÑÑ, как Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ ÐиÑекÑива об
+авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза,
делаÑÑ Ð¿ÑеÑÑÑплением напиÑание и обмен
+пÑогÑаммами, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð²Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÑ
ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми
+(См. <a
+href="#neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm">ниже</a>).
+ÐÑи Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÑÑемлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñав,
коÑоÑÑе вам пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ GPL.</li>
+<li><em>ÐиÑкÑиминаÑионнÑе паÑенÑнÑе
ÑоглаÑениÑ</em>. Ðедавно ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Microsoft
+наÑала ÑаÑÑказÑваÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑм, ÑÑо она не
ÑобиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑеÑледоваÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм за наÑÑÑениÑ
паÑенÑов — до ÑеÑ
поÑ, пока вÑ
+полÑÑаеÑе ÑÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавÑика,
коÑоÑÑй плаÑÐ¸Ñ Microsoft за ÑÑÑ
+пÑивилегиÑ. РконеÑном ÑÑеÑе Microsoft
пÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑобиÑаÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
+полÑзование ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами, ÑÑо
ÑÑемлÑÐµÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей. Ðи Ñ
+какой компании не должно бÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи
делаÑÑ ÑÑо.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>РвеÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 внеÑено Ñакже некоÑоÑое
ÑиÑло ÑлÑÑÑений Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñем
+бÑло легÑе понимаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ. Ðо пÑи вÑеÑ
ÑÑиÑ
изменениÑÑ
+GPLv3 не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑадикалÑно новой
лиÑензией; напÑоÑив, ÑÑо ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ
+ÑволÑÑии пÑедÑдÑÑей веÑÑии. ХоÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ðµ в
ÑекÑÑе изменилоÑÑ, болÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑаÑÑÑ
+изменений пÑоÑÑо поÑÑнÑÐµÑ Ñо, ÑÑо Ñказано
в GPLv2. ÐÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑо во внимание,
+давайÑе ÑаÑÑмоÑÑим ÑеÑÑезнÑе Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²
GPLv3 и поговоÑим о Ñом, Ñем они
+ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей и
ÑазÑабоÑÑиков.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm">
+<h3>ÐейÑÑализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð², запÑеÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ — но не
+запÑÐµÑ ÑиÑÑового ÑпÑавлениÑ
огÑаниÑениÑми</h3>
+<p>ÐÑ, веÑоÑÑно, Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑм
ÑпÑавлением огÑаниÑениÑми на DVD и дÑÑгиÑ
+ноÑиÑелÑÑ
. ÐÑ, веÑоÑÑно, Ñакже Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ
законами, коÑоÑÑе делаÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñм
+напиÑание ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑÑедÑÑв Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñ
ода
ÑÑиÑ
огÑаниÑений, Ñакими, как Ðакон
+об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑиÑÑового ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑиÑ
и ÐиÑекÑива об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
+ÐвÑопейÑкого ÑоÑза. ÐикÑо не должен бÑÑÑ Ð²
ÑоÑÑоÑнии помеÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ пиÑаÑÑ
+какие вам Ñгодно пÑогÑаммÑ, и GPLv3 заÑиÑаеÑ
ÑÑо ваÑе пÑаво.</p>
+<p>ÐÑегда можно воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑми
пÑогÑамм под GPL, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑеализÑÑÑие ÑиÑÑовое
ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми. Ðднако еÑли
кÑо-Ñо
+Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо Ñ ÑаÑÑÑми пÑогÑамм, заÑиÑеннÑÑ
GPLv3, Ñо в Ñазделе 3
+Ñказано, ÑÑо ÑиÑÑема не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑиÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑким ÑÑедÑÑвом
+“заÑиÑÑ”. ÐÑо знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо еÑли вÑ
взломаеÑе ÑиÑÑовÑе кандалÑ, вÑ
+бÑдеÑе волÑÐ½Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ñвои
ÑобÑÑвеннÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе ÑÑо делаÑÑ,
+и Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑиÑÑового
ÑÑÑÑÑелеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ подобнÑе Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
+ÑгÑожаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ бÑдÑÑ.</p>
+<p>Ðак обÑÑно, GNU GPL не огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñого, ÑÑо
лÑди делаÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами; она
+ÑолÑко не Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ огÑаниÑиваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="protecting-your-right-to-tinker">
+<h3>ÐаÑиÑа ваÑего пÑава доÑабаÑÑваÑÑ</h3>
+<p>ТивоизаÑÐ¸Ñ — опаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑка
ÑÑезаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей: пÑаво
+изменÑÑÑ Ñвои пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑанеÑ
беÑÑмÑÑленнÑм, еÑли ни один из ваÑиÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑов не даÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑо делаÑÑ. GPLv3
оÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑивоизаÑиÑ, ÑÑебÑÑ,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑл вам
лÑбÑе ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ даннÑе, какие
+ÑолÑко необÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑановки
измененнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм на ÑÑÑÑойÑÑво. ÐÑо
можеÑ
+бÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñказаний; ÑÑо можеÑ
вклÑÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¾ÑобÑе даннÑе, Ñакие,
+как кÑипÑогÑаÑиÑеÑкие клÑÑи или ÑведениÑ
о Ñом, как обойÑи аппаÑаÑнÑÑ
+пÑовеÑÐºÑ ÑелоÑÑноÑÑи. ÐÑо завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñого,
как ÑÑÑÑоена
+аппаÑаÑÑÑа — но незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого,
какие ÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ нÑжнÑ, Ñ
+Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
.</p>
+<p>СÑеÑа дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого ÑÑебованиÑ
огÑаниÑена. РаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑелÑм по-пÑежнемÑ
+позволÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ ÐºÑипÑогÑаÑиÑеÑкие
клÑÑи в лÑбÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ
, и Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑкÑÑваÑÑ ÐºÐ»ÑÑ, ÑолÑко еÑли он
вам нÑжен, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
+под GPL на ÑÑÑÑойÑÑве, коÑоÑое они вам дали.
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU Ñам полÑзÑеÑÑÑ GnuPG
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑвеÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑелоÑÑноÑÑи вÑеÑ
пÑогÑамм на Ñвоем ÑайÑе FTP, и подобного
+Ñода меÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм. GPLv3 не
заÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÑипÑогÑаÑией; Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑели
бÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñак бÑло. ÐиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑолÑко
+заÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð¸ÑаÑÑ Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñава, коÑоÑÑе она
+пÑедоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ — Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸
паÑенÑного пÑава, ÑеÑ
ники или лÑбÑÑ
+дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑедÑÑв.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="stronger-protection-against-patent-threats">
+<h3>Ðолее ÑилÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑнÑÑ
ÑгÑоз</h3>
+<p>Ðа 17 леÑ, пÑоÑедÑиÑ
Ñо вÑемени пÑбликаÑии
GPLv2, ÑпекÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на
+пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелÑно изменилÑÑ, и
лиÑензии ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм вÑÑабоÑали
+новÑе ÑÑÑаÑегии, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ ÑÑо. GPLv3
Ñоже оÑÑÐ°Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑи
+изменениÑ. Ðогда Ð±Ñ ÐºÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð¸
пеÑедавал пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ GPLv3, коÑоÑÑе он
+напиÑал или изменил, он должен
пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ
на
+лÑбой паÑенÑ, необÑ
одимÑй длÑ
оÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñав, коÑоÑÑе ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ GPL. Ð
+дополнение к ÑÑомÑ, еÑли лÑбой лиÑензиаÑ
попÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+паÑенÑнÑм иÑком, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑпÑепÑÑÑÑвоваÑÑ
дÑÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑвление
+ÑÑиÑ
пÑав, Ñо его лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑдеÑ
аннÑлиÑована.</p>
+<p>ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей и ÑазÑабоÑÑиков ÑÑо
знаÑиÑ, ÑÑо они ÑмогÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ñ
+пÑогÑаммами под GPLv3, не беÑпокоÑÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом,
ÑÑо какой-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð¾ÑÑаÑннÑй
+ÑазÑабоÑÑик, внеÑÑий вклад в пÑогÑаммÑ,
попÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑвии пÑеÑледоваÑÑ
+иÑ
за наÑÑÑение паÑенÑа. ÐлагодаÑÑ ÑÑим
изменениÑм GPLv3 обеÑпеÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвоиÑ
+полÑзоваÑелей лÑÑÑей заÑиÑой Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑной
агÑеÑÑии, Ñем лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑгаÑ
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="clarifying-license-compatibility">
+<h3>ÐоÑÑнение о ÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи лиÑензий</h3>
+<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
одили какие-Ñо иÑÑ
однÑе
ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ñ
оÑели вклÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
в пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´
+GPL, в GPLv2 бÑло Ñказано, ÑÑо в лиÑензии на Ñе
дÑÑгие иÑÑ
однÑе ÑекÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+должно бÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
огÑаниÑений, кÑоме ÑеÑ
, коÑоÑÑе Ñже еÑÑÑ Ð² GPLv2. Ðока
+ÑÑо бÑло веÑно, Ð¼Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñили, ÑÑо лиÑензиÑ
ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ GPL.</p>
+<p>Ðднако в некоÑоÑÑÑ
лиÑензиÑÑ
бÑли
ÑÑебованиÑ, коÑоÑÑе в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не
+пÑедÑÑавлÑли огÑаниÑений, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо им
бÑло оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾
+ÑдовлеÑвоÑиÑÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ, в некоÑоÑÑÑ
лиÑензиÑÑ
бÑло Ñказано, ÑÑо вам не
+ÑазÑеÑено полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑми
ÑоваÑнÑми знаками. РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи
+ÑÑо не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸ÑелÑнÑм
огÑаниÑением: еÑли Ð±Ñ ÑÑого пÑнкÑа Ñам не
+бÑло, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ñе Ñавно не бÑло Ð±Ñ ÑазÑеÑениÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим ÑоваÑнÑм
+знаком. ÐÑ Ð²Ñегда говоÑили, ÑÑо ÑÑи
лиÑензии Ñоже ÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ GPLv2.</p>
+<p>Ð Ð²Ð¾Ñ GPLv3 Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ñем Ñвное ÑазÑеÑение
пÑименÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑе ÑекÑÑÑ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
+еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе ÑÑебованиÑ. ÐÑи новÑе
ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑниÑÑ
+заблÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, какие лиÑензии
ÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ñ Ñ GPL, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñак и ÑÑо вам
+можно делаÑÑ Ñ ÑовмеÑÑимÑми Ñ GPL иÑÑ
однÑми
ÑекÑÑами.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="new-compatible-licenses">
+<h3>ÐовÑе ÑовмеÑÑимÑе лиÑензии</h3>
+<p>Рдополнение к ÑазÑÑÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ñавил о
лиÑензиÑÑ
, Ñже ÑовмеÑÑимÑÑ
Ñ GPL, в
+GPLv3 Ñакже введена ÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑÑ Ñ
неÑколÑкими новÑми лиÑензиÑми. ÐажнейÑий
+пÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ — веÑÑÐ¸Ñ 2.0 лиÑензии Apache. Ðа
ÑÑловиÑÑ
ÑÑой
+лиÑензии доÑÑÑпна маÑÑа замеÑаÑелÑнÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, вокÑÑг коÑоÑÑÑ
+ÑобÑалиÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑнÑе ÑообÑеÑÑва. ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐµÐ¼ÑÑ,
ÑÑо ÑÑо изменение в GPLv3 бÑдеÑ
+ÑпоÑобÑÑвоваÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва и
обмена внÑÑÑи ÑообÑеÑÑва Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ.
ÐижепÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑ
ема иллÑÑÑÑиÑÑеÑ
некоÑоÑÑе
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненнÑе оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи
Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑазнÑми лиÑензиÑми ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм:</p>
+
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/quick-guide-gplv3-compatibility.ru.png -->
+<img alt="СÑ
ема, иллÑÑÑÑиÑÑÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑениÑ
ÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑи Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑазлиÑнÑми лиÑензиÑми
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐодÑобноÑÑи Ñм. на
ÑÑÑаниÑе ФСÐÐ Ñо ÑпиÑком лиÑензий."
class="align-center" src="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3-compatibility.ru.png"
style="width: 594px; height: 498px;" />
+<p>СÑÑелки, напÑавленнÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ лиÑензии
к дÑÑгой, показÑваÑÑ, ÑÑо пеÑваÑ
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑовмеÑÑима Ñо вÑоÑой. ÐÑо веÑно,
даже еÑли Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑейÑи
+Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ лиÑензии к дÑÑгой, нÑжно пÑойÑи по
неÑколÑким ÑÑÑелкам. ÐапÑимеÑ,
+лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ISC ÑовмеÑÑима Ñ GPLv3. GPLv2 ÑовмеÑÑима
Ñ GPLv3, еÑли пÑогÑамма
+позволÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ вÑбÑаÑÑ “лÑбÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ
позднÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиє GPL, ÑÑо
+веÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑва пÑогÑамм,
вÑпÑÑкаемÑÑ
под ÑÑой лиÑензией. ÐÑа
+диагÑамма не подÑобна (более полнÑй ÑпиÑок
лиÑензий, ÑовмеÑÑимÑÑ
Ñ GPLv2 и
+GPLv3 Ñм. на <a class="reference external"
+href="/licenses/license-list.html">наÑей ÑÑÑаниÑе
лиÑензий</a>); она пÑоÑÑо
+показÑваеÑ, ÑÑо GPLv3 ÑовмеÑÑима поÑÑи Ñо
вÑем, Ñ Ñем ÑовмеÑÑима GPLv2, и
+еÑе кое Ñ Ñем.</p>
+<p>Ðаодно бÑла напиÑана GNU GPL ÐÑÑеÑо
веÑÑии 3. ÐеÑвонаÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ GPL ÐÑÑеÑо
+бÑла ÑоÑÑавлена Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ,
ÑÑо вÑе полÑзоваÑели пÑиложениÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа ÑмогÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ. ÐеÑÑÐ¸Ñ 3 GNU GPL
+ÐÑÑеÑо ÑаÑÑиÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ: она пÑименима
к лÑбÑм взаимодейÑÑвÑÑÑим по ÑеÑи
+пÑогÑаммам, Ñак ÑÑо она Ñ
оÑоÑо подойдеÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑакиÑ
пÑогÑамм, как игÑовÑе
+ÑеÑвеÑÑ. ÐÑоме Ñого, дополниÑелÑное
ÑÑловие более гибко, Ñак ÑÑо еÑли кÑо-Ñо
+полÑзÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом под AGPL в
пÑиложении без ÑвÑзи Ñ ÑеÑÑÑ, Ñо емÑ
+пÑидеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
ÑолÑко Ñаким обÑазом, каким вÑегда
+ÑÑебовалоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ GPL. Сделав ÑÑи две лиÑензии
ÑовмеÑÑимÑми, ÑазÑабоÑÑики
+взаимодейÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
по ÑеÑи пÑогÑамм
полÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑилиÑÑ Ñвое
+авÑоÑÑкое лево, пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð°Ñ Ð² Ñо же вÑемÑ
опиÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑазвиÑÑй коÑпÑÑ
+доÑÑÑпнÑÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
иÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов под
GPL.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="more-ways-for-developers-to-provide-source">
+<h3>РазÑабоÑÑикам: болÑÑе ÑпоÑобов
пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ</h3>
+<p>Ðдно из ÑÑндаменÑалÑнÑÑ
ÑÑебований GPL
ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо когда вÑ
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑе обÑекÑнÑй код ÑÑеди
полÑзоваÑелей, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼
+Ñакже ÑпоÑоб полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ. GPLv2
давала вам неÑколÑко ÑпоÑобов
+ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо, и GPLv3 оÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
неизменнÑми
Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм поÑÑнением. Ðна
+Ñакже пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ новÑе ÑпоÑобÑ
пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, когда вÑ
+пеÑедаеÑе обÑекÑнÑй код по ÑеÑи. ÐапÑимеÑ,
когда обÑекÑнÑй код ÑаÑполагаеÑÑÑ
+Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑеÑвеÑе в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пÑоÑÑо пÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑкÑии, где
+Ñказано, как поÑеÑиÑелÑм полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Ñ ÑеÑвеÑа ÑÑеÑÑей
+ÑÑоÑонÑ. ÐлагодаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑианÑÑ
вÑполнение ÑÑого ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
+ÑпÑоÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ
мелкиÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаниÑелей, коÑоÑÑе вноÑÑÑ ÑолÑко
+неболÑÑие Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² кÑÑпнÑе маÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов.</p>
+<p>ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ³ÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ñакже пеÑедаÑÑ
обÑекÑного кода по
+BitTorrent. Ðо-пеÑвÑÑ
, Ñе, кÑо пÑоÑÑо полÑÑаеÑ
или пеÑевÑпÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñок,
+иÑклÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑÑебований, налагаемÑÑ
лиÑензией на пеÑедаÑÑ
+пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐаÑем, лÑбой из ÑеÑ
, кÑо
иниÑииÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñок, Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ
+иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, пÑоÑÑо Ñказав дÑÑгим
полÑзоваÑелÑм поÑока, где он доÑÑÑпен
+на пÑблиÑном ÑеÑевом ÑеÑвеÑе.</p>
+<p>ÐÑи новÑе ваÑианÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑивеÑÑи GPL в
ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвие Ñо ÑÑандаÑÑами
+ÑообÑеÑÑва, каÑаÑÑимиÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, не заÑÑÑднÑÑ
+полÑзоваÑелÑм его полÑÑение.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="less-source-to-distribute-new-system-libraries-exception">
+<h3>ÐÑжно ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑе иÑÑ
однÑÑ
ÑекÑÑов: новое иÑклÑÑение Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑÑемнÑÑ
+библиоÑек</h3>
+<p>Ðбе веÑÑии GPL ÑÑебÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, необÑ
одимÑй
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑобÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, вклÑÑаÑ
иÑполÑзÑемÑе библиоÑеки, ÑÑенаÑии
+компилÑÑии и Ñак далее. Ðни Ñакже пÑоводÑÑ
ÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° “ÑиÑÑемнÑÑ
+библиоÑекаÑ
”: Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ
+опÑеделеннÑÑ
компоненÑов ÑеÑдÑевинÑ
опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемÑ, ÑакиÑ
, как
+библиоÑека Си.</p>
+<p>GPLv3 ÑкоÑÑекÑиÑовала опÑеделение
ÑиÑÑемной библиоÑеки, вклÑÑив в него
+пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе, возможно, не
ÑопÑовождаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑмо опеÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ,
но
+вполне можно ожидаÑÑ, ÑÑо они бÑдÑÑ Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей
+пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐапÑимеÑ, ÑепеÑÑ ÑÑо вклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²
ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ñакже ÑÑандаÑÑнÑе библиоÑеки
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненнÑÑ
ÑзÑков
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, ÑакиÑ
, как Python и Ruby.</p>
+<p>Ðовое опÑеделение Ñакже ÑазÑÑÑнÑеÑ, ÑÑо
Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе комбиниÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ
+под GPL Ñ Ð½ÐµÑовмеÑÑимÑми Ñ GPL ÑиÑÑемнÑми
библиоÑеками, Ñакими, как
+библиоÑека Си OpenSolaris, и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑовмеÑÑно. ÐÑи изменениÑ
+ÑпÑоÑаÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑикам ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавиÑÑ
+Ñакие комбинаÑии Ñвоим полÑзоваÑелÑм.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="a-global-license">
+<h3>ÐлобалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ</h3>
+<p>GPLv2 много говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾
“ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанении” — когда вÑ
+обмениваеÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммой Ñ ÐºÐµÐ¼-нибÑдÑ, вÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑе ее. Ðигде в
+лиÑензии не Ñказано, ÑÑо Ñакое
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑеÑмин бÑл
+заимÑÑвован из авÑоÑÑкого пÑава
СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов. ÐÑ Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸, ÑÑо ÑÑдÑи
+бÑдÑÑ Ð±ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ñеделение оÑÑÑда. Ðднако
позднее Ð¼Ñ Ñзнали, ÑÑо в авÑоÑÑком
+пÑаве дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑÑан ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ñо же
Ñлово, но в дÑÑгиÑ
знаÑениÑÑ
. Ðз-за
+ÑÑого ÑÑдÑÑ Ð² Ñакой ÑÑÑане мог бÑ
пÑоводиÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· GPLv2 не Ñак, как ÑÑдÑÑ Ð²
+СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑаÑ
.</p>
+<p>Ð GPLv3 ÑпоÑÑеблÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñй ÑеÑмин,
“пеÑедаваÑÑ”, и пÑиводиÑÑÑ
+опÑеделение ÑÑого ÑеÑмина. ТеÑмин
“пеÑедаваÑÑ” Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ñо же
+знаÑение, коÑоÑое Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмевали длÑ
ÑеÑмина “ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ”,
+но ÑепеÑÑ, Ñак как ÑÑо обÑÑÑнÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑмо в
лиÑензии, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð»Ñдей повÑÑдÑ
+должно бÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ понÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ»Ð¸ в
видÑ. ÐÑÑÑ Ð¸ дÑÑгие неболÑÑие
+Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ вÑей лиÑензии, коÑоÑÑе Ñакже
помогÑÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо она
+единообÑазно пÑименима по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="when-the-rules-are-broken-a-smooth-path-to-compliance">
+<h3>Ðогда наÑÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ñавила: ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñога к
ÑоблÑдениÑ</h3>
+<p>СоглаÑно GPLv2, еÑли Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло
обÑазом наÑÑÑили лиÑензиÑ, Ñо вÑ
+авÑомаÑиÑеÑки и навÑегда ÑÑÑаÑили Ñвои
пÑава. ÐдинÑÑвеннÑй ÑпоÑоб Ñнова
+полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
— обÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑбой к
пÑавообладаÑелÑ. ХоÑÑ
+ÑилÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑений оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñенна,
ÑÑо пÑавило могло вÑзваÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
+головной боли, когда кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ ÑлÑÑайно
пÑеÑÑÑпал гÑаниÑÑ
+дозволенного. ÐÑоÑиÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
пÑавообладаÑелей о ÑоÑмалÑном
возобновлении
+лиÑензии могло бÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑемениÑелÑно и
накладно: ÑипиÑнÑй диÑÑÑибÑÑив
+GNU/Linux поÑÑÑоен на ÑабоÑе ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей.</p>
+<p>GPLv3 пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð¶ÐºÑ Ð·Ð° Ñ
оÑоÑее
поведение: еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑаеÑе лиÑензиÑ,
+Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаеÑе Ñвои пÑава назад, как ÑолÑко
Ð²Ñ ÑÑÑÑаниÑе наÑÑÑение, еÑли
+пÑавообладаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ðµ обÑаÑиÑÑÑ Ðº вам в
ÑеÑение 60 дней. ÐоÑле Ñого, как
+Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑе Ñакое Ñведомление, Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑаÑиÑÑ Ñебе пÑава,
+еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑаеÑе лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¿ÐµÑвÑе и
иÑпÑавлÑеÑе наÑÑÑение в ÑеÑение
+30 дней. РпÑоÑивном ÑлÑÑае Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пÑоÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾ÑделÑно Ñ
+каждÑм пÑавообладаÑелем, обÑаÑивÑимÑÑ Ðº
вам, и поÑле ÑÑого ваÑи пÑава бÑдÑÑ
+воÑÑÑановленÑ.</p>
+<p>СоблÑдение GPL вÑегда имело наивÑÑÑий
пÑиоÑиÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐабоÑаÑоÑии
+лиÑензиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐРи дÑÑгиÑ
гÑÑпп,
ÑÑÑÑанÑÑÑиÑ
наÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии по вÑемÑ
+миÑÑ. ÐÑи Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑо
ÑоблÑдение ÑÑебований бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÑаваÑÑÑÑ
+важнейÑей ÑелÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
гÑÑпп и ÑоздаваÑÑ
наÑÑÑиÑелÑм ÑÑимÑл Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑоблÑдениÑ
+лиÑензии.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="the-latest-and-greatest">
+<h3>ÐаконеÑ, Ñамое главное</h3>
+<p>ÐекоÑоÑÑе из ÑÑиÑ
изменений вам,
веÑоÑÑно, покажÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐµ важнÑми, Ñем
+дÑÑгим. ÐÑо ноÑмалÑно. ÐаждÑй пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ñем-Ñо
оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
и ÑÑебÑеÑ
+Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñензии Ñего-Ñо Ñвоего. Ðо ÑкоÑее вÑего
какие-Ñо из ÑÑиÑ
ÑлÑÑÑений
+помогÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в ваÑей ÑабоÑе.</p>
+<p>РобÑем и Ñелом, вÑе ÑÑи модеÑнизаÑии
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой неÑÑо болÑÑее: мÑ
+ÑлÑÑÑили авÑоÑÑкое лево. Ðно Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей,
+но Ñакже допÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑее ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво
в ÑообÑеÑÑве Ñвободного
+пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ. Ðо обновление
лиÑензии — ÑолÑко ÑаÑÑÑ
+ÑабоÑÑ: ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð»Ñди полÑÑили вÑгодÑ,
коÑоÑÑе она пÑедлагаеÑ, ÑазÑабоÑÑики
+Ñоже Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ GPLv3 в ÑвоиÑ
пÑоекÑаÑ
.
ÐÑпÑÑком ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм под новой лиÑензией Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑинеÑеÑе
полÑÐ·Ñ Ð²Ñем, кÑо Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾ Ñ
+ними — полÑзоваÑелÑм, дÑÑгим
ÑазÑабоÑÑикам и даже ÑÑиÑÑам. ÐÑ
+надеемÑÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑполÑзÑеÑеÑÑ GPLv3 в Ñвоем
ÑледÑÑÑем вÑпÑÑке.</p>
+<p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑзнаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе о пеÑеводе
Ñвоего пÑоекÑа на GPLv3, ÐабоÑаÑоÑиÑ
+лиÑензиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ Ñ ÑадоÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼
поможеÑ. Ðа <a class="reference external"
+href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/";>наÑем ÑайÑе</a> вÑ
найдеÑе <a class=
+"reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-
+howto.html"> оÑновнÑе ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пÑименениÑ
лиÑензии</a> и <a class=
+"reference external" href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.
+html">ÐÑвеÑÑ Ð½Ð° обÑие вопÑоÑÑ</a> о ней,
коÑоÑÑми инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди. Рболее
+Ñложной ÑиÑÑаÑии <a class="reference external" href="mailto:
+licensing@fsf.org">обÑаÑайÑеÑÑ, пожалÑйÑÑа, к
нам</a>, и Ð¼Ñ Ñделаем вÑе
+возможное, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ в пеÑеÑ
оде.
ÐмеÑÑе Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ заÑиÑиÑÑ ÑвободÑ
+вÑеÑ
полÑзоваÑелей.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.
+<br />
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и пÑедложениÑм
пеÑеводов ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи Ñм. в <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:31 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations">
+ -->
+<!-- <h4>
+Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list">
+ -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li>
+<a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li>
+<a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li>
+<a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
-->
+<!-- </ul>
+ -->
+<!-- </div>
+ -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
diff -N licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.ru-en.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:36 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>A Quick Guide to GPLv3 - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/po/quick-guide-gplv3.translist" -->
+<h2>A Quick Guide to GPLv3</h2>
+
+<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
+<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
+
+<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
+<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+
+<img src="/graphics/gplv3-127x51.png" alt="" style="float: right;" />
+
+<p>by <strong>Brett Smith</strong></p>
+
+<p>[This article is also available in <a
+href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.pdf">PDF</a> and <a
+href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.tar.gz">reStructuredText</a>
+formats.]</p>
+
+<p>After a year and a half of public consultation, thousands of comments, and
+four drafts, version 3 of the GNU General Public License (<a class="reference
external" href="/licenses/gpl-3.0.html">GPLv3</a>) was
+finally published on June 29, 2007. While there's been a lot of
discussion about
+the license since the first draft appeared, not many people have talked
+about the benefits that it provides developers. We've published this guide
+to fill that gap. We'll start with a brief refresher on free software,
+copyleft, and the goals of the GPL. We'll then review the major changes in
+the license to see how they advance those goals and benefit developers.</p>
+<div class="section" id="the-foundations-of-the-gpl">
+<h3>The Foundations of the GPL</h3>
+<p>Nobody should be restricted by the software they use. There are four
+freedoms that every user should have:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>the freedom to use the software for any purpose,</li>
+<li>the freedom to change the software to suit your needs,</li>
+<li>the freedom to share the software with your friends and neighbors, and</li>
+<li>the freedom to share the changes you make.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>When a program offers users all of these freedoms, we call it <a
class="reference external" href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a>.</p>
+<p>Developers who write software can release it under the terms of the GNU
+GPL. When they do, it will be free software and stay free software, no
+matter who changes or distributes the program. We call this copyleft: the
+software is copyrighted, but instead of using those rights to restrict
+users like proprietary software does, we use them to ensure that
+every user has freedom.</p>
+<p>We update the GPL to protect its copyleft from being undermined by legal or
+technological developments. The most recent version protects users from
+three recent threats:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Tivoization: Some companies have created various different kinds of
+devices that run GPLed software, and then rigged the hardware so that
+they can change the software that's running, but you cannot. If a device
+can run arbitrary software, it's a general-purpose computer, and its
+owner should control what it does. When a device thwarts you from doing
+that, we call that tivoization.</li>
+<li>Laws prohibiting free software: Legislation like the Digital Millennium
+Copyright Act and the European Union Copyright Directive make it a crime
+to write or share software that can break DRM (Digital Restrictions
+Mismanagement; see
+<a
href="#neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm">below</a>).
These laws should not
+interfere with the rights the GPL grants you.</li>
+<li>Discriminatory patent deals: Microsoft has recently started
+telling people that they will not sue free software users for patent
+infringement—as long as you get the software from a vendor
+that's paying Microsoft for the privilege. Ultimately, Microsoft is
+trying to collect royalties for the use of free software, which
+interferes with users' freedom. No company should be able to do
+this.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Version 3 also has a number of improvements to make the license easier for
+everyone to use and understand. But even with all these changes, GPLv3
+isn't a radical new license; instead it's an evolution of the previous
+version. Though a lot of text has changed, much of it simply clarifies
+what GPLv2 said. With that in mind, let's review the major changes in
+GPLv3, and talk about how they improve the license for users and
+developers.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="neutralizing-laws-that-prohibit-free-software-but-not-forbidding-drm">
+<h3>Neutralizing Laws That Prohibit Free Software — But Not
+Forbidding DRM</h3>
+<p>You're probably familiar with the Digital Restrictions Mismanagement
+(DRM) on
+DVDs and other media. You're probably also familiar with the laws that
+make it illegal to write your own tools to bypass those restrictions, like
+the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the European Union Copyright
+Directive. Nobody should be able to stop you from writing any code that
+you want, and GPLv3 protects this right for you.</p>
+<p>It's always possible to use GPLed code to write software that implements
+DRM. However, if someone does that with code protected by GPLv3, section 3
+says that the system will not count as an effective technological
+"protection" measure. This means that if you break the DRM, you'll
be free
+to distribute your own software that does that, and you won't be threatened
+by the DMCA or similar laws.</p>
+<p>As usual, the GNU GPL does not restrict what people do in software; it just
+stops them from restricting others.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="protecting-your-right-to-tinker">
+<h3>Protecting Your Right to Tinker</h3>
+<p>Tivoization is a dangerous attempt to curtail users' freedom: the
+right to modify your software will become meaningless if none of your
+computers let you do it. GPLv3 stops tivoization by requiring the
+distributor to provide you with whatever information or data is
+necessary to install modified software on the device. This may be as
+simple as a set of instructions, or it may include special data such
+as cryptographic keys or information about how to bypass an integrity
+check in the hardware. It will depend on how the hardware was
+designed—but no matter what information you need, you must be
+able to get it.</p>
+<p>This requirement is limited in scope. Distributors are still allowed to
+use cryptographic keys for any purpose, and they'll only be required to
+disclose a key if you need it to modify GPLed software on the device they
+gave you. The GNU Project itself uses GnuPG to prove the integrity of all
+the software on its FTP site, and measures like that are beneficial to
+users. GPLv3 does not stop people from using cryptography; we wouldn't
+want it to. It only stops people from taking away the rights that the
+license provides you—whether through patent law, technology, or any
+other means.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="stronger-protection-against-patent-threats">
+<h3>Stronger Protection Against Patent Threats</h3>
+<p>In the 17 years since GPLv2 was published, the software patent landscape
+has changed considerably, and free software licenses have developed new
+strategies to address them. GPLv3 reflects these changes too. Whenever
+someone conveys software covered by GPLv3 that they've written or modified,
+they must provide every recipient with any patent licenses necessary to
+exercise the rights that the GPL gives them. In addition to that, if any
+licensee tries to use a patent suit to stop another user from exercising
+those rights, their license will be terminated.</p>
+<p>What this means for users and developers is that they'll be able to work
+with GPLv3-covered software without worrying that a desperate contributor
+will try to sue them for patent infringement later. With these changes,
+GPLv3 affords its users more defenses against patent aggression than any
+other free software license.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="clarifying-license-compatibility">
+<h3>Clarifying License Compatibility</h3>
+<p>If you found some code and wanted to incorporate it into a GPLed project,
+GPLv2 said that the license on the other code was not allowed to have any
+restrictions that were not already in GPLv2. As long as that was the case,
+we said the license was GPL-compatible.</p>
+<p>However, some licenses had requirements that weren't really restrictive,
+because they were so easy to comply with. For example, some licenses say
+that they don't give you permission to use certain trademarks. That's not
+really an additional restriction: if that clause wasn't there, you still
+wouldn't have permission to use the trademark. We always said those
+licenses were compatible with GPLv2, too.</p>
+<p>Now, GPLv3 explicitly gives everyone permission to use code that has
+requirements like this. These new terms should help clear up
+misunderstandings about which licenses are GPL-compatible, why that is, and
+what you can do with GPL-compatible code.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="new-compatible-licenses">
+<h3>New Compatible Licenses</h3>
+<p>In addition to clarifying the rules about licenses that are already
+GPL-compatible, GPLv3 is also newly compatible with a few other licenses.
+The Apache License 2.0 is a prime example. Lots of great free software is
+available under this license, with strong communities surrounding it. We
+hope that this change in GPLv3 will foster more cooperation and sharing
+within the free software community. The chart below helps illustrate some
+common compatibility relationships between different free software
+licenses:</p>
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/quick-guide-gplv3-compatibility.png -->
+<img alt="A chart illustrating compatibility relationships between different
free software licenses. For details, see the FSF's license list page."
class="align-center" src="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3-compatibility.png"
style="width: 594px; height: 498px;" />
+<p>Arrows pointing from one license to another indicate that the first license
+is compatible with the second. This is true even if you follow multiple
+arrows to get from one license to the other; so, for example, the ISC
+license is compatible with GPLv3. GPLv2 is compatible with GPLv3 if the
+program allows you to choose "any later version" of the GPL, which
is the
+case for most software released under this license. This diagram is not
+comprehensive (see <a class="reference external"
href="/licenses/license-list.html">our licenses page</a> for a more complete
list of licenses
+compatible with GPLv2 and GPLv3), but plainly illustrates that GPLv3
+is compatible with just about everything GPLv2 is, and then some.</p>
+<p>The GNU Affero GPL version 3 has also been brought into the fold. The
+original Affero GPL was designed to ensure that all users of a web
+application would be able to receive its source. The GNU Affero GPL
+version 3 broadens this goal: it is applicable to all network-interactive
+software, so it will also work well for programs like game servers. The
+additional provision is also more flexible, so that if someone uses AGPLed
+source in an application without a network interface, they'll only have to
+provide source in the same sort of way the GPL has always required.
+By making these two licenses compatible, developers of network-interactive
+software will be able to strengthen their copyleft while still building on
+top of the mature body of GPLed code available to them.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="more-ways-for-developers-to-provide-source">
+<h3>More Ways for Developers to Provide Source</h3>
+<p>One of the fundamental requirements of the GPL is that when you distribute
+object code to users, you must also provide them with a way to get the
+source. GPLv2 gave you a few ways to do this, and GPLv3 keeps those intact
+with some clarification. It also offers you new ways to provide source
+when you convey object code over a network. For instance, when you host
+object code on a web or FTP server, you can simply provide instructions
+that tell visitors how to get the source from a third-party server. Thanks
+to this new option, fulfilling this requirement should be easier for many
+small distributors who only make a few changes to large bodies of source.</p>
+<p>The new license also makes it much easier to convey object code via
+BitTorrent. First, people who are merely downloading or seeding the
+torrent are exempt from the license's requirements for conveying the
+software. Then, whoever starts the torrent can provide source by simply
+telling other torrent users where it is available on a public network
+server.</p>
+<p>These new options help keep the GPL in line with community standards for
+offering source, without making it harder for users to get.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="less-source-to-distribute-new-system-libraries-exception">
+<h3>Less Source to Distribute: New System Libraries Exception</h3>
+<p>Both versions of the GPL require you to provide all the source necessary to
+build the software, including supporting libraries, compilation scripts,
+and so on. They also draw the line at System Libraries: you're not
+required to provide the source for certain core components of the operating
+system, such as the C library.</p>
+<p>GPLv3 has adjusted the definition of System Library to include software
+that may not come directly with the operating system, but that all users of
+the software can reasonably be expected to have. For example, it now also
+includes the standard libraries of common programming languages such as
+Python and Ruby.</p>
+<p>The new definition also makes it clear that you can combine GPLed software
+with GPL-incompatible System Libraries, such as OpenSolaris' C library, and
+distribute them both together. These changes will make life easier for
+free software distributors who want to provide these combinations to their
+users.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="a-global-license">
+<h3>A Global License</h3>
+<p>GPLv2 talks about "distribution" a lot—when you
+share the program with someone else, you're distributing it. The
+license never says what distribution is, because the term was borrowed
+from United States copyright law. We expected that judges would look
+there for the definition. However, we later found out that copyright
+laws in other countries use the same word, but give it different
+meanings. Because of this, a judge in such a country might analyze
+GPLv2 differently than a judge in the United States.</p>
+<p>GPLv3 uses a new term, "convey," and provides a definition for
that term.
+"Convey" has the same meaning we intended for
"distribute," but now that
+this is explained directly in the license, it should be easy for people
+everywhere to understand what we meant. There are other minor changes
+throughout the license that will also help ensure it is applied
+consistently worldwide.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section"
id="when-the-rules-are-broken-a-smooth-path-to-compliance">
+<h3>When the Rules Are Broken: A Smooth Path to Compliance</h3>
+<p>Under GPLv2, if you violated the license in any way, your rights were
+automatically and permanently lost. The only way to get them back was to
+petition the copyright holder. While a strong defense against violations
+is valuable, this policy could cause a lot of headache when someone
+accidentally ran afoul of the rules. Asking all the copyright holders for
+a formal restoration of the license could be burdensome and costly: a
+typical GNU/Linux distribution draws upon the work of thousands.</p>
+<p>GPLv3 offers a reprieve for good behavior: if you violate the license,
+you'll get your rights back once you stop the violation, unless a copyright
+holder contacts you within 60 days. After you receive such a notice, you
+can have your rights fully restored if you're a first-time violator and
+correct the violation within 30 days. Otherwise, you can work out the
+issue on a case-by-case basis with the copyright holders who contacted you,
+and your rights will be restored afterward.</p>
+<p>Compliance with the GPL has always been the top priority of the FSF
+Compliance Lab and other groups enforcing the license worldwide. These
+changes ensure that compliance remains the top priority for enforcers, and
+gives violators incentive to comply.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="the-latest-and-greatest">
+<h3>The Latest and Greatest</h3>
+<p>Some of these changes probably seem less important to you than others.
+That's okay. Every project is different, and needs different things from
+its license. But odds are that a number of these improvements will help
+you and your work.</p>
+<p>And taken as a whole, all these upgrades represent something more:
+we made a better copyleft. It does more to protect users' freedom,
+but it also enables more cooperation in the free software community.
+But updating the license is only part of the job: in order for people
+to get the benefits it offers, developers need to use GPLv3 for their
+projects, too. By releasing your own software under the new license,
+everyone who deals with it—users, other developers,
+distributors, even lawyers—will benefit. We hope you'll use
+GPLv3 for your next release.</p>
+<p>If you'd like to learn more about upgrading your project to GPLv3, the FSF
+Compliance Lab would be happy to assist you. On <a class="reference external"
href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/";>our web site</a>, you can
+find <a class="reference external"
href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-howto.html";>basic instructions
for using the license</a>, and an <a class="reference external"
href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.html";>FAQ addressing
+common concerns</a> that people have about it. If your situation is more
+complicated than that, please <a class="reference external"
href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org";>contact us</a> and we'll do what we can to
+help you with your transition. Together, we can help protect freedom for
+all users.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
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+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:36 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
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+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
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+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li> -->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html">English</a> [en]</li>
-->
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+<!-- <li><a
href="/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
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+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/gates.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/gates.ru.html
diff -N philosophy/gates.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/gates.ru.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:41 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title> Ðело бÑло не в ÐейÑÑе - RMS</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/gates.translist" -->
+<h2> Ðело бÑло не в ÐейÑÑе</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>РиÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a><br />
+Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ,
оÑноваÑелÑ
+</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><em>(ÐÑа ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла <a
+href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7487060.stm";>опÑбликована
+“Ðи-Ðи-Си ÐÑÑÑ” в 2008 годÑ</a>.)</em></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+ <p>УделÑÑÑ Ñак много Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑволÑнениÑ
Ðилла ÐейÑÑа знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñ
одиÑÑ ÑÑоÑоной
+ÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑа. РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи знаÑение
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ ÐейÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Microsoft, а
+безнÑавÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема огÑаниÑений,
коÑоÑÑÑ Microsoft — как и
+многие дÑÑгие компании — навÑзÑваеÑ
Ñвоим клиенÑам.</p>
+
+ <p>Ðозможно, ÑÑо заÑвление ÑÐ´Ð¸Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ, ведÑ
болÑÑинÑÑво инÑеÑеÑÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ
+компÑÑÑеÑами лÑдей веÑÑма неÑавнодÑÑно к
Microsoft. Ðак пÑедпÑинимаÑели, Ñак
+и полиÑики, коÑоÑÑÑ
они пÑиÑÑÑили, воÑÑ
иÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑпеÑ
ом, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑм компаниÑ
+вÑÑÑÑоила импеÑиÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑиÑаеÑÑÑ
на ÑÑолÑко полÑзоваÑелей
+компÑÑÑеÑов. Ðногие из ÑеÑ
, кÑо напÑÑмÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
ÑвÑзан Ñ Ð²ÑÑиÑлиÑелÑной
+ÑеÑ
никой, ÑÑавÑÑ Ð² заÑлÑÐ³Ñ Microsoft
доÑÑижениÑ, коÑоÑÑми ÑÑа компаниÑ
+ÑолÑко воÑполÑзовалаÑÑ — Ñакие, как
деÑевÑе и бÑÑÑÑÑе компÑÑÑеÑÑ
+или ÑдобнÑе гÑаÑиÑеÑкие инÑеÑÑейÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>ФиланÑÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ ÐейÑÑа в облаÑÑи здÑавооÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ´Ð½ÑÑ
ÑÑÑан завоевала
+ÑаÑположение некоÑоÑÑÑ
лÑдей.
“ÐоÑ-ÐÐ½Ð´Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÑ Ð¢Ð°Ð¹Ð¼Ñ” оÑмеÑала, ÑÑо
+его Ñонд ежегодно ÑаÑÑ
одÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑÑи до
деÑÑÑи пÑоÑенÑов ÑвоиÑ
ÑÑедÑÑв и
+вкладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÑалÑное в акÑии; иногда ÑÑо
акÑии компаний, деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ
+коÑоÑÑÑ
, как пÑÐµÐ´Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐµÑа, Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ðº
загÑÑÐ·Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÐºÑÑжаÑÑей ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¸
+заболеваниÑм в ÑеÑ
же ÑамÑÑ
беднÑÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
. (Ðбновление 2010 года:
+ÑовмеÑÑно Ñ Ð°Ð³ÑопÑомÑÑленнÑм гиганÑом,
компанией Cargill, Фонд ÐейÑÑа
+поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑ, <a
+href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/sep/29/gates-foundation-gm-monsanto";>
+ÑаÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑого могло Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñаждение
генеÑиÑеÑки модиÑиÑиÑованной Ñои в
+ÐÑÑике</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Ðногие ÑпеÑиалиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ компÑÑÑеÑам
оÑобенно ненавидÑÑ ÐейÑÑа и Microsoft. У
+ниÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑка пÑиÑин Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого. Microsoft
поÑÑоÑнно Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ ÑебÑ
+недобÑоÑовеÑÑно по оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
конкÑÑенÑам; ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶Ð´Ñ ÑÑд вÑноÑил
обвиниÑелÑнÑй
+пÑÐ¸Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении компании. (ÐÑÑ, давÑий
Microsoft обойÑи вÑоÑой пÑиговоÑ
+в СШÐ, бÑл пÑиглаÑен в ÑÑаб-кваÑÑиÑÑ Microsoft
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеговоÑов о ÑондаÑ
+поддеÑжки в вÑбоÑаÑ
2000 года. Ð
ÐеликобÑиÑании ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Microsoft оÑновала
+кÑÑпнÑй Ñилиал в окÑÑге ÐоÑдона ÐÑаÑна. Ð
Ñо, и дÑÑгое законно; и Ñо, и
+дÑÑгое поÑенÑиалÑно ÑвÑзано Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐºÑпом.)</p>
+
+ <p>Ðногие полÑзоваÑели ненавидÑÑ
“налог Microsoft” —
+договоÑÑ ÐºÑпли-пÑодажи, коÑоÑÑе
заÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð° Windows на ваÑем
+компÑÑÑеÑе, даже еÑли Ð²Ñ ÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ полÑзÑеÑеÑÑ.
(РнекоÑоÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑанаÑ
Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
+веÑнÑÑÑ ÑÑи денÑги, но Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого ÑÑебÑÑÑÑÑ
непомеÑнÑе ÑÑилиÑ.) ÐÑе еÑÑÑ
+ÑиÑÑовое ÑпÑавление огÑаниÑениÑми:
оÑобенноÑÑи пÑогÑамм, ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑе,
+ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ “пеÑекÑÑÑÑ” вам ÑвободнÑй
доÑÑÑп к ваÑим
+Ñайлам. (ÐовÑÑеннÑе огÑаниÑениÑ
полÑзоваÑелей — ÑÑо, кажеÑÑÑ,
+главное доÑÑижение ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Vista.)</p>
+
+ <p>Ðалее, еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñоизвол неÑовмеÑÑимоÑÑей и
помеÑ
взаимодейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими
+пÑогÑаммами. (Ðменно поÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐвÑоÑоÑз
поÑÑебовал Ð¾Ñ Microsoft опÑбликоваÑÑ
+ÑпеÑиÑикаÑии пÑоÑоколов.) Ð ÑÑом Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Microsoft
ÑкомплекÑовала комиÑеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+ÑÑандаÑÑизаÑии Ñвоими ÑÑоÑонниками, ÑÑобÑ
обеÑпеÑиÑÑ ÑÑвеÑждение в ÐСÐ
+Ñвоего гÑомоздкого, неÑеализÑемого и
запаÑенÑованного “оÑкÑÑÑого
+ÑÑандаÑÑа” Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑов. (ÐвÑоÑоÑз в
наÑÑоÑÑее вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑÑледÑеÑ
+ÑÑо.)</p>
+
+ <p>ÐÑи дейÑÑвиÑ, конеÑно, неÑноÑнÑ, но ÑÑо
не изолиÑованнÑе ÑобÑÑиÑ. ÐÑо
+ÑиÑÑемаÑиÑеÑкие ÑимпÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ глÑбокого
зла — неÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм (болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей не ÑÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑо
злом).</p>
+
+ <p>ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Microsoft ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
лиÑензиÑм, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми полÑзоваÑели
+оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑазобÑеннÑми и беÑпомоÑнÑми. Ðни
ÑазобÑенÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо им запÑеÑено
+обмениваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñми Ñ ÐºÐµÐ¼ Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло.
Ðни беÑпомоÑнÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
+Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¸ÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа, коÑоÑÑй могÑÑ ÑиÑаÑÑ
и пÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>ÐÑли Ð²Ñ — пÑогÑаммиÑÑ Ð¸ Ñ
оÑиÑе
измениÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-Ñо дÑÑгого, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе. ÐÑли Ñ
Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑедпÑиÑÑие, и Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе
+подÑÑдиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑа пеÑеделаÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð° лÑÑÑе ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑла
+ваÑим нÑждам, Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ можеÑе. ÐÑли вÑ
копиÑÑеÑе ее, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаÑÑ
+Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼Ñ — пÑоÑÑое пÑоÑвление
добÑоÑоÑедÑкиÑ
+оÑноÑений — они назÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ
“пиÑаÑом”. ÐомпаниÑ
+Microsoft Ñ
оÑела бÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ ÑÑиÑали помоÑÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑоÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð½ÑавÑÑвенно
+ÑавнознаÑной Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° коÑаблÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>Самое важное из Ñого, ÑÑо Ñделала
Microsoft — ÑодейÑÑвие ÑÑой
+неÑпÑаведливой обÑеÑÑвенной ÑиÑÑеме.
ÐиÑноÑÑÑ ÐейÑÑа аÑÑоÑииÑÑеÑÑÑ Ñо вÑем
+ÑÑим благодаÑÑ Ð¿ÑеÑловÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑкÑÑÑомÑ
пиÑÑмÑ, в коÑоÑом он поÑиÑал
+полÑзоваÑелей микÑокомпÑÑÑеÑов за обмен
копиÑми его пÑогÑамм. Ðо ÑÑÑи, в нем
+говоÑилоÑÑ: “ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ дадиÑе мне
ÑазобÑаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ делаÑÑ
+беÑпомоÑнÑми, Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
и никакиÑ
пÑогÑамм Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+бÑдеÑ. ÐодÑиниÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ, или вÑ
пÑоигÑаеÑе!”</p>
+
+ <p>Ðо неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ñел не
ÐейÑÑ, и ÑÑÑÑÑи дÑÑгиÑ
компаний делаÑÑ
+Ñо же дело. ÐÑо дÑÑно незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ñого,
кÑо ÑÑо делаеÑ. Microsoft, Apple,
+Adobe и пÑоÑие пÑедлагаÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ пÑогÑаммÑ,
даÑÑие им влаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ вами. Смена
+ÑÑководÑÑва или компании не важна.
ÐзмениÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ нÑжно ÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>Ð ÑÑом и заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ ÑÑÑноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
за Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
+обеÑпеÑение. “Свободное” здеÑÑ
ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑвободÑ: Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñем и
+пÑбликÑем пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе полÑзоваÑели
волÑÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ Ð¸ пеÑедаваÑÑ
+дÑÑгим. ÐÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÐ¼ ÑÑо планомеÑно Ñади
ÑвободÑ; некоÑоÑÑм из Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ,
+многие делаÑÑ ÑÑо на обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
наÑалаÑ
.
У Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñже еÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ñе ÑвободнÑе
+опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ, в Ñом ÑиÑле GNU/Linux.
ÐаÑа ÑÐµÐ»Ñ —
+вÑÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²Ñе многообÑазие полезнÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸ пеÑед
+каким полÑзоваÑелем компÑÑÑеÑов не ÑÑоÑло
иÑкÑÑение оÑказаÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñвоей
+ÑвободÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>Ð 1984 годÑ, когда Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð» наÑало Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное
+обеÑпеÑение, Ñ ÐµÐ´Ð²Ð° ли знал о пиÑÑме
ÐейÑÑа. Ðо Ñ ÑлÑÑал подобнÑе ÑÑебованиÑ
+Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
, и Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñл оÑвеÑ: “ÐÑли ваÑи
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑÑанÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ
+ÑазобÑаÑÑ Ð¸ делаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÑпомоÑнÑми, не пиÑиÑе
иÑ
, пожалÑйÑÑа. Ðез ниÑ
нам
+намного лÑÑÑе. ÐÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑем дÑÑгие ÑпоÑобÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ñвоими компÑÑÑеÑами и
+ÑоÑ
Ñаним ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ñвободє.</p>
+
+ <p>Ð 1992 годÑ, когда опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU
ÑÑала полной благодаÑÑ ÑдÑÑ,
+назÑвавÑемÑÑÑ Linux, нÑжно бÑло бÑÑÑ
ÑаÑодеем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
+еÑ. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ GNU/Linux дÑÑжеÑÑвенна к
полÑзоваÑелÑ: кое-где в ÐÑпании и в
+Ðндии она ÑÑала ÑколÑнÑм ÑÑандаÑÑом. ÐÑ
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑки миллионов лÑдей
+по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ. ÐÑ Ñоже можеÑе полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
еÑ.</p>
+
+ <p>ÐейÑÑ, можеÑ, и ÑÑел, но ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ пÑегÑадÑ
неÑвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑе он помог ÑоздаÑÑ,
оÑÑаÑÑÑÑ — пока. РазÑÑÑиÑÑ
+иÑ
Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ñ.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.
+<br />
+ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и пÑедложениÑм
пеÑеводов ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи Ñм. в <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>РиÑаÑд
+СÑолмен</a></p> <p>Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc. (translation)</p>
+
+<p>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен — оÑноваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ð°
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ <a
+rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru";>лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
+
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/";>
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+-->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru";>ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p>
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:41 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations">
+ -->
+<!-- <h4>
+Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <gnun>
+
+<ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gates.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gates.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul>
+</gnun> -->
+<!-- </div>
+ -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/gates.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/gates.ru-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/gates.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/gates.ru-en.html 12 Dec 2011 09:27:46 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title> It's not the Gates, it's the bars - RMS</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/gates.translist" -->
+<h2> It's not the Gates, it's the bars</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a><br />
+Founder, Free Software Foundation
+</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><em>(This article was <a
+href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7487060.stm";>published by
+BBC News in 2008</a>.)</em></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+ <p>To pay so much attention to Bill Gates' retirement is
+ missing the point. What really matters is not Gates, nor
+ Microsoft, but the unethical system of restrictions that
+ Microsoft—like many other software companies—imposes on its
+ customers.</p>
+
+ <p>That statement may surprise you, since most people interested in
+ computers have strong feelings about Microsoft. Businessmen and their
+ tame politicians admire its success in building an empire over so many
+ computer users. Many outside the computer field credit Microsoft for
+ advances which it only took advantage of, such as making computers
+ cheap and fast, and convenient graphical user interfaces.</p>
+
+ <p>Gates' philanthropy for health care for poor countries has won
+ some people's good opinion. The LA Times reported that his
+ foundation spends five to 10% of its money annually and invests
+ the rest, sometimes in companies it suggests cause environmental
+ degradation and illness in the same poor countries.
+ (2010 update: The Gates Foundation is supporting a project with
+ agribusiness giant Cargill on a <a
+
href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/sep/29/gates-foundation-gm-monsanto";>project
+ that could involve pushing genetically modified crops in Africa</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Many computerists specially hate Gates and Microsoft. They have
+ plenty of reasons. Microsoft persistently engages in anti-competitive
+ behaviour, and has been convicted three times. (Bush, who let
+ Microsoft off the hook for the second US conviction, was invited to
+ Microsoft headquarters to solicit funds for the 2000 election. In the
+ UK, Microsoft established a major office in Gordon Brown's
+ constituency. Both lawful, both potentially corrupting.)</p>
+
+ <p>Many users hate the “Microsoft tax”, the retail
+ contracts that make you pay for Windows on your computer even if you
+ won't use it. (In some countries you can get a refund, but the effort
+ required is daunting.) There's also the Digital Restrictions
+ Management: software features designed to “stop” you from
+ accessing your files freely. (Increased restriction of users seems to
+ be the main advance of Vista.)</p>
+
+ <p>Then there are the gratuitous incompatibilities and obstacles to
+ interoperation with other software. (This is why the EU required
+ Microsoft to publish interface specifications.) This year Microsoft
+ packed standards committees with its supporters to procure ISO
+ approval of its unwieldy, unimplementable and patented “open
+ standard” for documents. (The EU is now investigating this.)</p>
+
+ <p>These actions are intolerable, of course, but they are not
+ isolated events. They are systematic symptoms of a deeper wrong
+ which most people don't recognize: proprietary software.</p>
+
+ <p>Microsoft's software is distributed under licenses that keep
+ users divided and helpless. The users are divided because they
+ are forbidden to share copies with anyone else. The users are
+ helpless because they don't have the source code that programmers
+ can read and change.</p>
+
+ <p>If you're a programmer and you want to change the software, for
+ yourself or for someone else, you can't. If you're a business and you
+ want to pay a programmer to make the software suit your needs better,
+ you can't. If you copy it to share with your friend, which is simple
+ good-neighbourliness, they call you a “pirate”.
+ Microsoft would have us believe that helping your neighbour is the
+ moral equivalent of attacking a ship.</p>
+
+ <p>The most important thing that Microsoft has done is to promote this
+ unjust social system. Gates is personally identified with it, due to
+ his infamous open letter which rebuked microcomputer users for sharing
+ copies of his software. It said, in effect, “If you don't let me
+ keep you divided and helpless, I won't write the software and you
+ won't have any. Surrender to me, or you're lost!”</p>
+
+ <p>But Gates didn't invent proprietary software, and thousands of
+ other companies do the same thing. It's wrong—no matter who does
+ it. Microsoft, Apple, Adobe, and the rest, offer you software that
+ gives them power over you. A change in executives or companies is not
+ important. What we need to change is this system.</p>
+
+ <p>That's what the free software movement is all
+ about. “Free” refers to freedom: we write and publish
+ software that users are free to share and modify. We do this
+ systematically, for freedom's sake; some of us paid, many as
+ volunteers. We already have complete free operating systems, including
+ GNU/Linux. Our aim is to deliver a complete range of useful free
+ software, so that no computer user will be tempted to cede her freedom
+ to get software.</p>
+
+ <p>In 1984, when I started the free software movement, I was hardly
+ aware of Gates' letter. But I'd heard similar demands from others,
+ and I had a response: “If your software would keep us divided
+ and helpless, please don't write it. We are better off without
+ it. We will find other ways to use our computers, and preserve our
+ freedom.”</p>
+
+ <p>In 1992, when the GNU operating system was completed by the
+ kernel, Linux, you had to be a wizard to run it. Today GNU/Linux
+ is user-friendly: in parts of Spain and India, it's standard in
+ schools. Tens of millions use it, around the world. You can use
+ it too.</p>
+
+ <p>Gates may be gone, but the walls and bars of proprietary software
+ he helped create remain—for now. Dismantling them is up to
+ us.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008 <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></p>
+
+<p>Richard Stallman is the founder of the Free Software Foundation. You
+can copy and redistribute this article under the <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution Noderivs 3.0 license</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://creativecommons.org/ns#";
+ xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/";
+ xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#";>
+<Work rdf:about="">
+<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/"; />
+</Work>
+
+<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/";>
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Attribution"; />
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction"; />
+
+ <permits rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution"; />
+ <requires rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/ns#Notice"; />
+</License>
+
+</rdf:RDF>
+
+-->
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2011/12/12 09:27:46 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
+<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+<!-- -->
+<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
+<!-- Arabic -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gates.ar.html">العربية</a> [ar]</li>
-->
+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.html">English</a> [en]</li> -->
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
-->
+<!-- French -->
+<!-- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gates.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</li> -->
+<!-- Dutch -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/gates.nl.html">Nederlands</a> [nl]</li> -->
+<!-- </ul> -->
+<!-- </div> -->
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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