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www/philosophy gif.html
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy gif.html |
|
Date: |
Thu, 26 Jun 2008 11:26:13 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 08/06/26 11:26:13
Modified files:
philosophy : gif.html
Log message:
Remove indentation. Use <blockquote> for Unisys' quotations as <q>
doesn't make any difference. Use the "translations-list" class for
translations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/gif.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40
Patches:
Index: gif.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/gif.html,v
retrieving revision 1.39
retrieving revision 1.40
diff -u -b -r1.39 -r1.40
--- gif.html 30 Apr 2008 16:51:37 -0000 1.39
+++ gif.html 26 Jun 2008 11:25:52 -0000 1.40
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
- <title>Why There Are No GIF files on GNU Web Pages</title>
+<title>Why There Are No GIF files on GNU Web Pages</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
@@ -15,332 +15,319 @@
guidelines</a>.</strong>
</p>
- <p>
- There are no <abbr>GIF</abbr>s on the GNU web site because of
- the patents (Unisys and IBM) covering
- the <abbr title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</abbr> compression
- algorithm which is used in making <abbr>GIF</abbr> files. These
- patents make it impossible to have free software to generate
- proper <abbr>GIF</abbr>s. They also apply to the
- <strong>compress</strong> program, which is why GNU does not use
- it or its format.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Unisys and IBM both applied for patents in 1983. Unisys (and
- perhaps IBM) applied for these patents in a number of countries.
- Of the places whose patent databases we were able to search, the
- latest expiration date seems to be 1 October 2006.
- <a name="returnnote" href="#venuenote"><sup>1</sup></a> Until
- then, anyone who releases a free program for
- making <abbr>GIF</abbr> files is likely to be sued. We don't
- know any reason to think that the patent owners would lose these
- lawsuits.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- If we released such a program, Unisys and IBM might think it wiser
- (for public relations reasons) not to sue a charity like the FSF.
- They could instead sue the users of the program, including the
- companies who redistribute GNU software. We feel it would not be
- responsible behavior for us to set up this situation.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Many people think that Unisys has given permission for
- distributing free software to make <abbr>GIF</abbr> format.
- Unfortunately that is not what Unisys has actually done. Here
- is what Unisys actually said about the matter in 1995:
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <q>Unisys does not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for
- non-commercial, non-profit <abbr>GIF</abbr>-based
- applications, including those for use on the on-line services.
- Concerning developers of software for the Internet network,
- the same principle applies. Unisys will not pursue previous
- inadvertent infringement by developers producing versions of
- software products for the Internet prior to 1995. The company
- does not require licensing, or fees to be paid for
- non-commercial, non-profit offerings on the Internet,
- including “Freeware”.</q>
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Unfortunately, this doesn't permit
- <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>, only
- <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#semi-freeSoftware">semi-free
- software</a> which cannot be used in a free operating system
- such as GNU. It also does not permit <em>at all</em> the use
- of <abbr>LZW</abbr> for other purposes such as compression of
- files. This is why we think it is still best to
- reject <abbr>LZW</abbr>, and switch to alternatives such
- as <a href="/software/gzip/gzip.html">GNU zip</a> and
- <abbr title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</abbr> format.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Commercial redistribution of
- free software</a> is very important, and we want the GNU system
- as a whole to be redistributed commercially. This means we
- can't add a <abbr>GIF</abbr>-generating program to GNU, not
- under the Unisys terms.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- The <a href="http://www.fsf.org";>Free Software Foundation</a> is
- a non-commercial, non-profit organization, so strictly speaking
- the income from our sales
- of <a href="http://order.fsf.org/";>CD-ROMs</a> is not
- “profit”. Perhaps this means we could include
- a <abbr>GIF</abbr> program on our CD-ROM and claim to be acting
- within the scope of the Unisys permission—or perhaps not.
- But since we know that other redistributors of GNU would be
- unable to include it, doing this would not be very useful.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Shortly after Unisys made its announcement, when the net in
- general was reassured thinking that Unisys had given permission
- for free <abbr>GIF</abbr>-generating software, we wrote to the
- Unisys legal department asking for clarification of these
- issues. We did not receive a response.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Even if Unisys really did give permission for free software to
- generate <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, we would still have to deal with the
- IBM patent. Both the IBM and the Unisys patents cover the same
- “invention”—the <abbr>LZW</abbr> compression
- algorithm. (This could reflect an error on the part of the US
- Patent and Trademark Office, which is famous for incompetence
- and poor judgment.)
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Decoding <abbr>GIF</abbr>s is a different issue. The Unisys and
- IBM patents are both written in such a way that they do not
- apply to a program which can only uncompress <abbr>LZW</abbr>
- format and cannot compress. Therefore we can and will include
- support for displaying <abbr>GIF</abbr> files in GNU software.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Given this situation, we could still include <abbr>GIF</abbr>
- files in our web pages if we wanted to. Many other people would
- be happy to generate them for us, and we would not be sued for
- having <abbr>GIF</abbr> files on our server.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- But we feel that if we can't distribute the software to enable
- people to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr> files properly, then we
- should not have other people run such software for us. Besides,
- if we can't provide software in GNU to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr>
- files, we have to recommend an alternative. We ourselves should
- use the alternative that we recommend.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- In 1999, Unisys had the following to say about the issue of their
- patent:
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <q>Unisys has frequently been asked whether a Unisys license
- is required in order to use <abbr>LZW</abbr> software obtained
- by downloading from the Internet or from other sources. The
- answer is simple. In all cases, a written license agreement or
- statement signed by an authorized Unisys representative is
- required from Unisys for all use, sale or distribution of any
- software (including so-called “freeware”) and/or
- hardware providing <abbr>LZW</abbr> conversion capability (for
- example, downloaded software). </q>
- </p>
-
- <p>
- With this statement, Unisys is trying to take back what they said
- in 1995 when they gave parts of the patent to the public. The
- legality of such a move is questionable.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- A further issue is that the <abbr>LZW</abbr> patents—and
- software patents in general—are an offense against the
- freedom of programmers generally, and all programmers need to
- work together against software patents.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- So even if we could find a solution to enable the free software
- community to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, that isn't really a
- solution, not for the problem as a whole. The solution is
- switching to another format and not using <abbr>GIF</abbr> any
- more.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Therefore, we don't use <abbr>GIF</abbr>, and we hope you won't
- use it either.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- It is possible to make non-compressed images that act
- like <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, in that they work with programs that
- decode <abbr>GIF</abbr> format. This can be done without
- infringing patents. These pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s are useful
- for some purposes.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- It is also possible to create <abbr>GIF</abbr>s using a
- patent-free run length encoding but this doesn't achieve the
- compression that one normally expects in a <abbr>GIF</abbr>.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- We decided not to use these pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s on our web
- site because they are not a satisfactory solution to the
- community's problem. They work, but they are very large. What
- the web needs is a patent-free compressed format, not large
- pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <a href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/index.html";><abbr>PNG</abbr>
- format</a> is a patent-free compressed format. We hope it will
- become widely supported; then we will use it. We do have
- <a href="/graphics/graphics.html"><abbr>PNG</abbr> versions</a>
- of the images on this server.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- For more information about the <abbr>GIF</abbr> patent problems,
- see <a href="http://progfree.org/Patents/Gif/Gif.html";>the
- League for Programming Freedom <abbr>GIF</abbr> page</a>.
- Through that page you can find more information about the
- problem of software patents in general.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <a href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngapbr.html";>The browser
- support page</a> lists browsers which are compatible with
- the <abbr>PNG</abbr> format and comments on how well they
- support it.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- There's a library
- called <a href="http://ca.geocities.com/libungif/";>libungif</a>
- that reads gif files and writes uncompressed gifs to circumvent
- the Unisys patent.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- <a href="http://burnallgifs.org";>http://burnallgifs.org</a> is a
- website devoted to discouraging the use of <abbr>GIF</abbr>
- files on your website.
- </p>
-
- <h3>Footnote:</h3>
-
- <p><a href="#returnnote" id="venuenote">1.</a> We were able to
- search the patent databases of the USA, Canada, Japan, and the
- European Union. The Unisys patent expired on 20 June 2003 in the
- USA, in Europe it expired on 18 June 2004, in Japan the patent
- expired on 20 June 2004 and in Canada it expired on 7 July
- 2004. The U.S. IBM patent expired 11 August 2006, The Software
- Freedom Law Center says that after 1 October 2006, there will be
- no significant patent claims interfering with employment of
- the <abbr>GIF</abbr> format.</p>
+<p>
+There are no <abbr>GIF</abbr>s on the GNU web site because of the
+patents (Unisys and IBM) covering
+the <abbr title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</abbr> compression algorithm
+which is used in making <abbr>GIF</abbr> files. These patents make it
+impossible to have free software to generate proper <abbr>GIF</abbr>s.
+They also apply to the <strong>compress</strong> program, which is why
+GNU does not use it or its format.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Unisys and IBM both applied for patents in 1983. Unisys (and perhaps
+IBM) applied for these patents in a number of countries. Of the
+places whose patent databases we were able to search, the latest
+expiration date seems to be 1 October 2006.
+<a name="returnnote" href="#venuenote"><sup>1</sup></a> Until then,
+anyone who releases a free program for making <abbr>GIF</abbr> files
+is likely to be sued. We don't know any reason to think that the
+patent owners would lose these lawsuits.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If we released such a program, Unisys and IBM might think it wiser
+(for public relations reasons) not to sue a charity like the FSF.
+They could instead sue the users of the program, including the
+companies who redistribute GNU software. We feel it would not be
+responsible behavior for us to set up this situation.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Many people think that Unisys has given permission for distributing
+free software to make <abbr>GIF</abbr> format. Unfortunately that is
+not what Unisys has actually done. Here is what Unisys actually said
+about the matter in 1995:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<blockquote>Unisys does not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for
+non-commercial, non-profit <abbr>GIF</abbr>-based applications,
+including those for use on the on-line services. Concerning
+developers of software for the Internet network, the same principle
+applies. Unisys will not pursue previous inadvertent infringement by
+developers producing versions of software products for the Internet
+prior to 1995. The company does not require licensing, or fees to be
+paid for non-commercial, non-profit offerings on the Internet,
+including “Freeware”.</blockquote>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Unfortunately, this doesn't permit
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>, only
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#semi-freeSoftware">semi-free
+software</a> which cannot be used in a free operating system such as
+GNU. It also does not permit <em>at all</em> the use
+of <abbr>LZW</abbr> for other purposes such as compression of files.
+This is why we think it is still best to reject <abbr>LZW</abbr>, and
+switch to alternatives such as <a href="/software/gzip/gzip.html">GNU
+zip</a> and <abbr title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</abbr> format.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Commercial redistribution of free
+software</a> is very important, and we want the GNU system as a whole
+to be redistributed commercially. This means we can't add
+a <abbr>GIF</abbr>-generating program to GNU, not under the Unisys
+terms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <a href="http://www.fsf.org";>Free Software Foundation</a> is a
+non-commercial, non-profit organization, so strictly speaking the
+income from our sales of <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/";>CD-ROMs</a>
+is not “profit”. Perhaps this means we could include
+a <abbr>GIF</abbr> program on our CD-ROM and claim to be acting within
+the scope of the Unisys permission—or perhaps not. But since we
+know that other redistributors of GNU would be unable to include it,
+doing this would not be very useful.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Shortly after Unisys made its announcement, when the net in general
+was reassured thinking that Unisys had given permission for
+free <abbr>GIF</abbr>-generating software, we wrote to the Unisys
+legal department asking for clarification of these issues. We did not
+receive a response.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Even if Unisys really did give permission for free software to
+generate <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, we would still have to deal with the IBM
+patent. Both the IBM and the Unisys patents cover the same
+“invention”—the <abbr>LZW</abbr> compression
+algorithm. (This could reflect an error on the part of the US Patent
+and Trademark Office, which is famous for incompetence and poor
+judgment.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Decoding <abbr>GIF</abbr>s is a different issue. The Unisys and IBM
+patents are both written in such a way that they do not apply to a
+program which can only uncompress <abbr>LZW</abbr> format and cannot
+compress. Therefore we can and will include support for
+displaying <abbr>GIF</abbr> files in GNU software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Given this situation, we could still include <abbr>GIF</abbr> files in
+our web pages if we wanted to. Many other people would be happy to
+generate them for us, and we would not be sued for
+having <abbr>GIF</abbr> files on our server.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But we feel that if we can't distribute the software to enable people
+to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr> files properly, then we should not have
+other people run such software for us. Besides, if we can't provide
+software in GNU to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr> files, we have to
+recommend an alternative. We ourselves should use the alternative
+that we recommend.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1999, Unisys had the following to say about the issue of their
+patent:
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<blockquote>Unisys has frequently been asked whether a Unisys license
+is required in order to use <abbr>LZW</abbr> software obtained by
+downloading from the Internet or from other sources. The answer is
+simple. In all cases, a written license agreement or statement signed
+by an authorized Unisys representative is required from Unisys for all
+use, sale or distribution of any software (including so-called
+“freeware”) and/or hardware providing <abbr>LZW</abbr>
+conversion capability (for example, downloaded software).</blockquote>
+</p>
- </div>
+<p>
+With this statement, Unisys is trying to take back what they said in
+1995 when they gave parts of the patent to the public. The legality of
+such a move is questionable.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A further issue is that the <abbr>LZW</abbr> patents—and
+software patents in general—are an offense against the freedom
+of programmers generally, and all programmers need to work together
+against software patents.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+So even if we could find a solution to enable the free software
+community to generate <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, that isn't really a solution,
+not for the problem as a whole. The solution is switching to another
+format and not using <abbr>GIF</abbr> any more.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Therefore, we don't use <abbr>GIF</abbr>, and we hope you won't use it
+either.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to make non-compressed images that act
+like <abbr>GIF</abbr>s, in that they work with programs that
+decode <abbr>GIF</abbr> format. This can be done without infringing
+patents. These pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s are useful for some purposes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is also possible to create <abbr>GIF</abbr>s using a patent-free
+run length encoding but this doesn't achieve the compression that one
+normally expects in a <abbr>GIF</abbr>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided not to use these pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s on our web site
+because they are not a satisfactory solution to the community's
+problem. They work, but they are very large. What the web needs is a
+patent-free compressed format, not large pseudo-<abbr>GIF</abbr>s.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/index.html";><abbr>PNG</abbr>
+format</a> is a patent-free compressed format. We hope it will become
+widely supported; then we will use it. We do
+have <a href="/graphics/graphics.html"><abbr>PNG</abbr> versions</a>
+of the images on this server.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For more information about the <abbr>GIF</abbr> patent problems,
+see <a href="http://progfree.org/Patents/Gif/Gif.html";>the League for
+Programming Freedom <abbr>GIF</abbr> page</a>. Through that page you
+can find more information about the problem of software patents in
+general.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngapbr.html";>The browser
+support page</a> lists browsers which are compatible with
+the <abbr>PNG</abbr> format and comments on how well they support it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+There's a library
+called <a href="http://ca.geocities.com/libungif/";>libungif</a> that
+reads gif files and writes uncompressed gifs to circumvent the Unisys
+patent.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://burnallgifs.org";>http://burnallgifs.org</a> is a
+website devoted to discouraging the use of <abbr>GIF</abbr> files on
+your website.
+</p>
+
+<h3>Footnote:</h3>
+
+<p><a href="#returnnote" id="venuenote">1.</a> We were able to search
+the patent databases of the USA, Canada, Japan, and the European
+Union. The Unisys patent expired on 20 June 2003 in the USA, in Europe
+it expired on 18 June 2004, in Japan the patent expired on 20 June
+2004 and in Canada it expired on 7 July 2004. The U.S. IBM patent
+expired 11 August 2006, The Software Freedom Law Center says that
+after 1 October 2006, there will be no significant patent claims
+interfering with employment of the <abbr>GIF</abbr> format.</p>
+
+</div>
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
- <div id="footer">
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
- <p>
- Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
- <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
- There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
- the FSF.
- <br />
- Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
- <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Please see the
- <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
- translations of this article.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
- Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
- <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
- <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this
- entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty
- provided this notice is preserved.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Updated:
- <!-- timestamp start -->
- $Date: 2008/04/30 16:51:37 $
- <!-- timestamp end -->
- </p>
- </div>
-
-
- <div id="translations">
- <h3>Translations of this page</h3>
-
- <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
- <!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
- <!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
- <!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
- <!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
- <!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
- <!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
- <!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
- <!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
-->
- <!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
- <!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus
-->
- <!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-
- <ul>
- <!-- Catalan -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
- <!-- German -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
- <!-- English -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">English</a> [en]</li>
- <!-- Spanish -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
- <!-- French -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
- <!-- Hebrew -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
- <!-- Japanese -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
- <!-- Korean -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
- <!-- Polish -->
- <li><a href="/philosophy/gif.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
- <!-- Romanian -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
- <!-- Russian -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
- <!-- Serbian -->
- <li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
- </ul>
- </div>
+<p>
+Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+<address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA</address>
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this
+entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty
+provided this notice is preserved.
+</p>
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2008/06/26 11:25:52 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
</div>
- </body>
+<div id="translations">
+<h3>Translations of this page</h3>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
+<!-- Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
+<!-- Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. -->
+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
+<!-- http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
+<!-- If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
+<!-- use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
+<!-- Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
+
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- Catalan -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ca.html">Català</a> [ca]</li>
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+<!-- Spanish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.es.html">Español</a> [es]</li>
+<!-- French -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.fr.html">Français</a> [fr]</li>
+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.he.html">עברית</a> [he]</li>
+<!-- Japanese -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>
+<!-- Korean -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ko.html">한국어</a> [ko]</li>
+<!-- Polish -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.pl.html">Polski</a> [pl]</li>
+<!-- Romanian -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/gif.ro.html">Română</a> [ro]</li>
+<!-- Russian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
+<!-- Serbian -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/gif.sr.html">Српски</a> [sr]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
</html>
- www/philosophy gif.html,
Yavor Doganov <=