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www/gnu linux-and-gnu.html
|
From: |
Matt Lee |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu linux-and-gnu.html |
|
Date: |
Thu, 16 Nov 2006 20:18:48 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Matt Lee <mattl> 06/11/16 20:18:48
Modified files:
gnu : linux-and-gnu.html
Log message:
Put into new template - and validated :)
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
Patches:
Index: linux-and-gnu.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- linux-and-gnu.html 22 May 2006 10:22:27 -0000 1.34
+++ linux-and-gnu.html 16 Nov 2006 20:18:44 -0000 1.35
@@ -1,47 +1,28 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en">
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<head>
<title>Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
-<link rev="made" href="address@hidden" />
-<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix" />
-</head>
-<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
-<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
-<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
-<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
-<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, UNIX, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free UNIX
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
-<body>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
-
-<h3>Linux and the GNU Project</h3>
+<h2>Linux and the GNU Project</h2>
<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
-<p>
-<a href="/graphics/babygnu.html"><img src="/graphics/baby-gnu-sm.jpg"
- alt=" [image of a Baby GNU] "
- width="101" height="136"></a>
-</p>
-
-<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
-<p>
-<hr />
-</p>
+<div class="announcement">
+ <p>If you would like to learn more about this issue, you can also read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.</p>
+</div>
<p>
Many computer users run a modified version of
-<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">the GNU system (18k
-characters)</a> every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">the GNU system</a> every
day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar
turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is more
-often known as ``Linux'', and many users are not aware of the extent
+often known as “Linux”, and many users are not aware of the extent
of its connection with the
<a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">GNU Project</a>.</p>
@@ -57,14 +38,14 @@
<p>
Many users are not fully aware of the distinction between the kernel,
-which is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call ``Linux''.
+which is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call “Linux”.
The ambiguous use of the name doesn't promote understanding. These
users often think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating
system in 1991, with a bit of help.</p>
<p>
Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they
-have generally heard the whole system called ``Linux'' as well, they
+have generally heard the whole system called “Linux” as well, they
often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system
after the kernel. For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds
finished writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other
@@ -74,8 +55,8 @@
<p>
What they found was no accident--it was the not-quite-complete GNU
-system. The available <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> free
-software </a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project
+system. The available <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project
had been working since 1984 to make one. In
the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html"> The GNU Manifesto (31k
characters)</a> we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like
@@ -94,14 +75,14 @@
<p>
If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way,
-what would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their ``Linux
-distribution'', <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">GNU
+what would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their “Linux
+distribution”, <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">GNU
software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the
total source code, and this included some of the essential major
components without which there could be no system. Linux itself was
about 3%. So if you were going to pick a name for the system based on
who wrote the programs in the system, the most appropriate single
-choice would be ``GNU''.</p>
+choice would be “GNU”.</p>
<p>
But we don't think that is the right way to consider the question.
@@ -153,7 +134,7 @@
Putting them together sounds simple, but it was not a trivial job.
Some GNU components<a href="#somecomponents">(3)</a> needed substantial
change to work with Linux. Integrating a complete system as a
-distribution that would work ``out of the box'' was a big job, too.
+distribution that would work “out of the box” was a big job, too.
It required addressing the issue of how to install and boot the
system--a problem we had not tackled, because we hadn't yet reached
that point. The people who developed the various system distributions
@@ -170,20 +151,20 @@
<p>
We use Linux-based GNU systems today for all of our work, and we hope
you will use them too. Today there are many different variants of the
-GNU/Linux system (often called ``distros''). Most of them include
+GNU/Linux system (often called “distros”). Most of them include
non-free software--their developers follow the philosophy associated
with Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also
<a href="/links/links.html#FreeGNULinuxDistributions"> completely free
-GNU/Linux distros</a>.
+GNU/Linux distros</a>.</p>
<p>Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public
-by using the name ``Linux'' ambiguously. Linux is the kernel, one of
+by using the name “Linux” ambiguously. Linux is the kernel, one of
the essential major components of the system. The system as a whole
is more or less the GNU system, with Linux added. When you're talking
-about this combination, please call it ``GNU/Linux''.</p>
+about this combination, please call it “GNU/Linux”.</p>
<p>
-If you want to make a link on ``GNU/Linux'' for further reference,
+If you want to make a link on “GNU/Linux” for further reference,
this page and <a href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices. If
you mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further
@@ -211,11 +192,7 @@
BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system,
and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.</p>
-<p>
-[If you would like to learn more about this issue, you can also read
-our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.]</p>
-
-<h4>Notes:</h4>
+<h3>Notes:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<a id="unexciting">These unexciting but essential components</a>
@@ -235,58 +212,17 @@
<a href="/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C library</a>.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-
<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
-<div class="translations">
-<p><a id="translations"></a>
-<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
-
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
-<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
-<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
-<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
-<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
-<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
-
-[
- <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ca.html">Català</a><!-- Catalan -->
-| <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cn.html">简体中文</a><!--
Chinese (Simplified) -->
-| <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.zh.html">繁體中文</a><!--
Chinese (Traditional) -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cs.html">Česky</a><!-- Czech -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a><!-- German -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">English</a><!-- English -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.es.html">Español</a><!-- Spanish -->
-| <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fa.html">فارسی</a><!--
Farsi/Persian -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html">Français</a><!-- French -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.he.html">עברית</a>
<!-- Hebrew -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">Italiano</a><!-- Italian -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ja.html">日本語</a><!--
Japanese -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ko.html">한국어</a><!-- Korean
-->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">Polski</a><!-- Polish -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pt.html">Português</a><!-- Portuguese -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ro.html">Română</a><!-- Romanian
-->
-| <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">Русский</a><!--
Russian -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sh.html">Srpsko-Hrvatski</a><!-- Serbo-Croatian
-->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sl.html">Slovensko</a><!-- Slovenian -->
-| <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html">Српски</a>
<!-- Serbian -->
-| <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.tl.html">Tagalog</a> <!-- Tagalog -->
-]
-</p>
</div>
-<div class="copyright">
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
<p>
Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
</p>
@@ -319,10 +255,52 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2006/05/22 10:22:27 $ $Author: ramprasadb $
+$Date: 2006/11/16 20:18:44 $ $Author: mattl $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ca.html">Català</a></li><!-- Catalan
-->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cn.html">简体中文</a></li><!--
Chinese (Simplified) -->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.zh.html">繁體中文</a></li><!--
Chinese (Traditional) -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cs.html">Česky</a></li><!-- Czech -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.de.html">Deutsch</a></li><!-- German -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">English</a></li><!-- English -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.es.html">Español</a></li><!-- Spanish
-->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fa.html">فارسی</a></li><!--
Farsi/Persian -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html">Français</a></li><!-- French
-->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.he.html">עברית</a></li>
<!-- Hebrew -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.it.html">Italiano</a></li><!-- Italian -->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ja.html">日本語</a></li><!--
Japanese -->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ko.html">한국어</a></li><!-- Korean
-->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pl.html">Polski</a></li><!-- Polish -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.pt.html">Português</a></li><!--
Portuguese -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ro.html">Română</a></li><!--
Romanian -->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.ru.html">Русский</a></li><!--
Russian -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sh.html">Srpsko-Hrvatski</a></li><!--
Serbo-Croatian -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sl.html">Slovensko</a></li><!-- Slovenian -->
+ <li><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.sr.html">Српски</a></li>
<!-- Serbian -->
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.tl.html">Tagalog</a></li> <!-- Tagalog -->
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+</div>
</body>
</html>
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