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Re: [PATCH 03/46] qdev: Smooth error checking of qdev_realize() & friend
|
From: |
Greg Kurz |
|
Subject: |
Re: [PATCH 03/46] qdev: Smooth error checking of qdev_realize() & friends |
|
Date: |
Mon, 29 Jun 2020 12:40:37 +0200 |
On Wed, 24 Jun 2020 18:43:01 +0200
Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com> wrote:
> Convert
>
> foo(..., &err);
> if (err) {
> ...
> }
>
> to
>
> if (!foo(..., &err)) {
> ...
> }
>
> for qdev_realize(), qdev_realize_and_unref(), qbus_realize() and their
> wrappers isa_realize_and_unref(), pci_realize_and_unref(),
> sysbus_realize(), sysbus_realize_and_unref(), usb_realize_and_unref().
> Coccinelle script:
>
> @@
> identifier fun = {isa_realize_and_unref, pci_realize_and_unref,
> qbus_realize, qdev_realize, qdev_realize_and_unref, sysbus_realize,
> sysbus_realize_and_unref, usb_realize_and_unref};
> expression list args, args2;
> typedef Error;
> Error *err;
> identifier errp;
> @@
> - fun(args, &err, args2);
> - if (err) {
> + if (!fun(args, errp, args2)) {
> ... when != err
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> ...
> }
>
> @@
> identifier fun = {isa_realize_and_unref, pci_realize_and_unref,
> qbus_realize, qdev_realize, qdev_realize_and_unref, sysbus_realize,
> sysbus_realize_and_unref, usb_realize_and_unref};
> expression list args, args2;
> typedef Error;
> Error *err;
> @@
> - fun(args, &err, args2);
> - if (err) {
> + if (!fun(args, &err, args2)) {
> ...
> }
>
> Fails to convert hw/arm/armsse.c, because Coccinelle gets confused by
> ARMSSE being used both as typedef and function-like macro there.
> Convert manually.
>
> Eliminate error_propagate() that are now unnecessary. Delete @err
> that are now unused. Clean up whitespace.
>
> Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
> ---
Reviewed-by: Greg Kurz <groug@kaod.org>
> hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c | 21 ++-----
> hw/arm/armsse.c | 104 ++++++++------------------------
> hw/arm/armv7m.c | 12 +---
> hw/arm/aspeed_ast2600.c | 68 ++++++---------------
> hw/arm/aspeed_soc.c | 60 +++++-------------
> hw/arm/bcm2835_peripherals.c | 60 +++++-------------
> hw/arm/bcm2836.c | 12 +---
> hw/arm/cubieboard.c | 3 +-
> hw/arm/digic.c | 12 +---
> hw/arm/digic_boards.c | 3 +-
> hw/arm/fsl-imx25.c | 44 ++++----------
> hw/arm/fsl-imx31.c | 32 +++-------
> hw/arm/fsl-imx6.c | 48 ++++-----------
> hw/arm/msf2-soc.c | 21 ++-----
> hw/arm/nrf51_soc.c | 24 ++------
> hw/arm/stm32f205_soc.c | 29 +++------
> hw/arm/stm32f405_soc.c | 32 +++-------
> hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c | 61 +++++--------------
> hw/block/fdc.c | 4 +-
> hw/block/xen-block.c | 3 +-
> hw/char/serial-pci-multi.c | 5 +-
> hw/char/serial-pci.c | 5 +-
> hw/char/serial.c | 10 +--
> hw/core/cpu.c | 3 +-
> hw/cpu/a15mpcore.c | 5 +-
> hw/cpu/a9mpcore.c | 21 ++-----
> hw/cpu/arm11mpcore.c | 17 ++----
> hw/cpu/realview_mpcore.c | 9 +--
> hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci.c | 6 +-
> hw/display/virtio-vga.c | 5 +-
> hw/intc/armv7m_nvic.c | 9 +--
> hw/intc/pnv_xive.c | 8 +--
> hw/intc/realview_gic.c | 5 +-
> hw/intc/spapr_xive.c | 8 +--
> hw/intc/xics.c | 5 +-
> hw/intc/xive.c | 3 +-
> hw/isa/piix4.c | 5 +-
> hw/microblaze/xlnx-zynqmp-pmu.c | 9 +--
> hw/mips/cps.c | 17 ++----
> hw/misc/macio/cuda.c | 5 +-
> hw/misc/macio/macio.c | 25 ++------
> hw/misc/macio/pmu.c | 5 +-
> hw/pci-host/pnv_phb3.c | 13 +---
> hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4.c | 5 +-
> hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4_pec.c | 5 +-
> hw/ppc/e500.c | 5 +-
> hw/ppc/pnv.c | 53 ++++------------
> hw/ppc/pnv_core.c | 4 +-
> hw/ppc/pnv_psi.c | 9 +--
> hw/ppc/spapr_cpu_core.c | 3 +-
> hw/ppc/spapr_irq.c | 5 +-
> hw/riscv/opentitan.c | 9 +--
> hw/riscv/sifive_e.c | 6 +-
> hw/riscv/sifive_u.c | 5 +-
> hw/s390x/event-facility.c | 13 ++--
> hw/s390x/s390-pci-bus.c | 3 +-
> hw/s390x/sclp.c | 3 +-
> hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-crypto.c | 5 +-
> hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-rng.c | 5 +-
> hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c | 4 +-
> hw/sd/aspeed_sdhci.c | 4 +-
> hw/sd/ssi-sd.c | 3 +-
> hw/usb/bus.c | 3 +-
> hw/virtio/virtio-rng-pci.c | 5 +-
> qdev-monitor.c | 3 +-
> 65 files changed, 248 insertions(+), 768 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c b/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
> index 52e0d83760..3e45aa4141 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/allwinner-a10.c
> @@ -72,17 +72,12 @@ static void aw_a10_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> AwA10State *s = AW_A10(dev);
> SysBusDevice *sysbusdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc);
> @@ -93,9 +88,7 @@ static void aw_a10_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->cpu), ARM_CPU_FIQ));
> qdev_pass_gpios(DEVICE(&s->intc), dev, NULL);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer);
> @@ -117,18 +110,14 @@ static void aw_a10_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> qemu_check_nic_model(&nd_table[0], TYPE_AW_EMAC);
> qdev_set_nic_properties(DEVICE(&s->emac), &nd_table[0]);
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emac), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emac), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emac);
> sysbus_mmio_map(sysbusdev, 0, AW_A10_EMAC_BASE);
> sysbus_connect_irq(sysbusdev, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(dev, 55));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sata), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sata), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sata), 0, AW_A10_SATA_BASE);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/armsse.c b/hw/arm/armsse.c
> index e2cf43ee0b..b306d95538 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/armsse.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/armsse.c
> @@ -566,9 +566,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> object_property_set_link(cpuobj, OBJECT(&s->cpu_container[i]),
> "memory", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_link(cpuobj, OBJECT(s), "idau", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(cpuobj), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(cpuobj), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /*
> @@ -577,9 +575,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> * CPU must exist and have been parented into the cluster before
> * the cluster is realized.
> */
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cluster[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cluster[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -613,9 +609,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> for (cpunum = 0; cpunum < info->num_cpus; cpunum++) {
> @@ -646,9 +640,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> }
>
> /* Security controller */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->secctl), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->secctl), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sbd_secctl = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->secctl);
> @@ -669,9 +661,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->sec_resp_splitter), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->sec_resp_splitter), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> dev_splitter = DEVICE(&s->sec_resp_splitter);
> @@ -693,9 +683,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> }
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->mpc[i]), OBJECT(&s->sram[i]),
> "downstream", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mpc[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mpc[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /* Map the upstream end of the MPC into the right place... */
> @@ -716,9 +704,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->mpc_irq_orgate), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->mpc_irq_orgate), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&s->mpc_irq_orgate), 0,
> @@ -735,9 +721,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> * map its upstream ends to the right place in the container.
> */
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->timer0), "pclk-frq", s->mainclk_frq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer0), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer0), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer0), 0,
> @@ -747,9 +731,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> &error_abort);
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->timer1), "pclk-frq", s->mainclk_frq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer1), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer1), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer1), 0,
> @@ -759,9 +741,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> &error_abort);
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->dualtimer), "pclk-frq", s->mainclk_frq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dualtimer), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dualtimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dualtimer), 0,
> @@ -785,9 +765,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> int cpunum;
> SysBusDevice *mhu_sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mhu[i]);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mhu[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mhu[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> port = g_strdup_printf("port[%d]", i + 3);
> @@ -812,9 +790,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> }
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->apb_ppc0), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->apb_ppc0), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -861,9 +837,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->ppc_irq_orgate), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->ppc_irq_orgate), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&s->ppc_irq_orgate), 0,
> @@ -884,9 +858,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_string(DEVICE(&s->cachectrl[i]), "name", name);
> g_free(name);
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(DEVICE(&s->cachectrl[i]), "size", 0x1000);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cachectrl[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cachectrl[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -902,9 +874,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_string(DEVICE(&s->cpusecctrl[i]), "name", name);
> g_free(name);
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(DEVICE(&s->cpusecctrl[i]), "size", 0x1000);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpusecctrl[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpusecctrl[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -917,9 +887,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> MemoryRegion *mr;
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->cpuid[i]), "CPUID", i);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpuid[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpuid[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -933,9 +901,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> * 0x4002f000: S32K timer
> */
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->s32ktimer), "pclk-frq", S32KCLK);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32ktimer), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32ktimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32ktimer), 0,
> @@ -944,9 +910,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->apb_ppc1), OBJECT(mr), "port[0]",
> &error_abort);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->apb_ppc1), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->apb_ppc1), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> mr = sysbus_mmio_get_region(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->apb_ppc1), 0);
> @@ -982,9 +946,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysinfo), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysinfo), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /* System information registers */
> @@ -998,9 +960,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> "INITSVTOR0_RST", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->sysctl), s->init_svtor,
> "INITSVTOR1_RST", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysctl), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysctl), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysctl), 0, 0x50021000);
> @@ -1033,18 +993,14 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->nmi_orgate), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->nmi_orgate), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&s->nmi_orgate), 0,
> qdev_get_gpio_in_named(DEVICE(&s->armv7m), "NMI",
> 0));
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->s32kwatchdog), "wdogclk-frq", S32KCLK);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32kwatchdog), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32kwatchdog), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->s32kwatchdog), 0,
> @@ -1054,9 +1010,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> /* 0x40080000 .. 0x4008ffff : ARMSSE second Base peripheral region */
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->nswatchdog), "wdogclk-frq",
> s->mainclk_frq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nswatchdog), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nswatchdog), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nswatchdog), 0,
> @@ -1064,9 +1018,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nswatchdog), 0, 0x40081000);
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->swatchdog), "wdogclk-frq",
> s->mainclk_frq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->swatchdog), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->swatchdog), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->swatchdog), 0,
> @@ -1081,9 +1033,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> @@ -1128,9 +1078,7 @@ static void armsse_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(splitter), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/armv7m.c b/hw/arm/armv7m.c
> index 3308211e9c..5d6bded386 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/armv7m.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/armv7m.c
> @@ -213,16 +213,12 @@ static void armv7m_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> s->cpu->env.nvic = &s->nvic;
> s->nvic.cpu = s->cpu;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> /* Note that we must realize the NVIC after the CPU */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nvic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nvic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -254,9 +250,7 @@ static void armv7m_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> }
> object_property_set_link(obj, OBJECT(s->board_memory),
> "source-memory", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/aspeed_ast2600.c b/hw/arm/aspeed_ast2600.c
> index 59a7a1370b..aa02755d3f 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/aspeed_ast2600.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/aspeed_ast2600.c
> @@ -259,9 +259,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> * is needed when using -kernel
> */
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> @@ -301,17 +299,13 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState
> *dev, Error **errp)
> sc->memmap[ASPEED_SRAM], &s->sram);
>
> /* SCU */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_SCU]);
>
> /* RTC */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_RTC]);
> @@ -321,9 +315,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* Timer */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->timerctrl),
> OBJECT(&s->scu), "scu", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), 0,
> @@ -343,9 +335,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* I2C */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->i2c), OBJECT(s->dram_mr), "dram",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_I2C]);
> @@ -368,9 +358,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_FMC]);
> @@ -385,9 +373,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> "dram", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->spi[i]), 1, "num-cs",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), 0,
> @@ -398,9 +384,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
>
> /* EHCI */
> for (i = 0; i < sc->ehcis_num; i++) {
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), 0,
> @@ -410,9 +394,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> }
>
> /* SDMC - SDRAM Memory Controller */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_SDMC]);
> @@ -423,9 +405,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
>
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->wdt[i]),
> OBJECT(&s->scu), "scu", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), 0,
> @@ -436,9 +416,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < sc->macs_num; i++) {
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->ftgmac100[i]), true, "aspeed",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), 0,
> @@ -448,9 +426,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
>
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->mii[i]),
> OBJECT(&s->ftgmac100[i]),
> "nic", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mii[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mii[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -459,9 +435,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> }
>
> /* XDMA */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), 0,
> @@ -470,18 +444,14 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState
> *dev, Error **errp)
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_XDMA));
>
> /* GPIO */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_GPIO]);
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), 0,
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_GPIO));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio_1_8v), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio_1_8v), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio_1_8v), 0,
> @@ -490,9 +460,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_GPIO_1_8V));
>
> /* SDHCI */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), 0,
> @@ -501,9 +469,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_ast2600_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_SDHCI));
>
> /* eMMC */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emmc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emmc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emmc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_EMMC]);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/aspeed_soc.c b/hw/arm/aspeed_soc.c
> index 311458aa76..6faffc13cc 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/aspeed_soc.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/aspeed_soc.c
> @@ -230,9 +230,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> /* CPU */
> for (i = 0; i < sc->num_cpus; i++) {
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> @@ -248,17 +246,13 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> sc->memmap[ASPEED_SRAM], &s->sram);
>
> /* SCU */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_SCU]);
>
> /* VIC */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->vic), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->vic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->vic), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_VIC]);
> @@ -268,9 +262,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->cpu), ARM_CPU_FIQ));
>
> /* RTC */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_RTC]);
> @@ -280,9 +272,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> /* Timer */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->timerctrl),
> OBJECT(&s->scu), "scu", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timerctrl), 0,
> @@ -302,9 +292,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> /* I2C */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->i2c), OBJECT(s->dram_mr), "dram",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_I2C]);
> @@ -320,9 +308,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fmc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_FMC]);
> @@ -335,9 +321,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < sc->spis_num; i++) {
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->spi[i]), 1, "num-cs",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), 0,
> @@ -348,9 +332,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> /* EHCI */
> for (i = 0; i < sc->ehcis_num; i++) {
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ehci[i]), 0,
> @@ -360,9 +342,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
>
> /* SDMC - SDRAM Memory Controller */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdmc), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_SDMC]);
> @@ -373,9 +353,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->wdt[i]),
> OBJECT(&s->scu), "scu", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt[i]), 0,
> @@ -386,9 +364,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < sc->macs_num; i++) {
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->ftgmac100[i]), true, "aspeed",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ftgmac100[i]), 0,
> @@ -398,9 +374,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
>
> /* XDMA */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->xdma), 0,
> @@ -409,9 +383,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_XDMA));
>
> /* GPIO */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), 0, sc->memmap[ASPEED_GPIO]);
> @@ -419,9 +391,7 @@ static void aspeed_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> aspeed_soc_get_irq(s, ASPEED_GPIO));
>
> /* SDHCI */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), 0,
> diff --git a/hw/arm/bcm2835_peripherals.c b/hw/arm/bcm2835_peripherals.c
> index 7ffdf62067..8313410ffe 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/bcm2835_peripherals.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/bcm2835_peripherals.c
> @@ -161,9 +161,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> }
>
> /* Interrupt Controller */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ic), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -172,9 +170,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> sysbus_pass_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(s), SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ic));
>
> /* Sys Timer */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systmr), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systmr), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> memory_region_add_subregion(&s->peri_mr, ST_OFFSET,
> @@ -185,9 +181,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
>
> /* UART0 */
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart0), "chardev", serial_hd(0));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart0), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart0), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -200,9 +194,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* AUX / UART1 */
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->aux), "chardev", serial_hd(1));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->aux), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->aux), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -213,9 +205,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> INTERRUPT_AUX));
>
> /* Mailboxes */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mboxes), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mboxes), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -239,9 +229,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fb), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fb), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -251,9 +239,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->mboxes), MBOX_CHAN_FB));
>
> /* Property channel */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->property), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->property), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -264,9 +250,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->mboxes),
> MBOX_CHAN_PROPERTY));
>
> /* Random Number Generator */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rng), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rng), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -289,9 +273,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->sdhci), true, "pending-insert-quirk",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhci), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -302,9 +284,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> INTERRUPT_ARASANSDIO));
>
> /* SDHOST */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhost), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sdhost), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -315,9 +295,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> INTERRUPT_SDIO));
>
> /* DMA Channels */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dma), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dma), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -334,18 +312,14 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState
> *dev, Error **errp)
> }
>
> /* THERMAL */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->thermal), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->thermal), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> memory_region_add_subregion(&s->peri_mr, THERMAL_OFFSET,
> sysbus_mmio_get_region(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->thermal), 0));
>
> /* GPIO */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -355,9 +329,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> object_property_add_alias(OBJECT(s), "sd-bus", OBJECT(&s->gpio),
> "sd-bus");
>
> /* Mphi */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mphi), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mphi), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -368,9 +340,7 @@ static void bcm2835_peripherals_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> INTERRUPT_HOSTPORT));
>
> /* DWC2 */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dwc2), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dwc2), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/bcm2836.c b/hw/arm/bcm2836.c
> index ed1793f7b7..51d156f0c5 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/bcm2836.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/bcm2836.c
> @@ -86,9 +86,7 @@ static void bcm2836_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>
> object_property_add_const_link(OBJECT(&s->peripherals), "ram", obj);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->peripherals), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->peripherals), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -99,9 +97,7 @@ static void bcm2836_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> info->peri_base, 1);
>
> /* bcm2836 interrupt controller (and mailboxes, etc.) */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->control), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->control), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -133,9 +129,7 @@ static void bcm2836_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[n].core), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[n].core), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
> index 5cbd115c53..c720e24ced 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
> @@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ static void cubieboard_init(MachineState *machine)
> exit(1);
> }
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(a10), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(a10), NULL, &err)) {
> error_reportf_err(err, "Couldn't realize Allwinner A10: ");
> exit(1);
> }
> diff --git a/hw/arm/digic.c b/hw/arm/digic.c
> index 13a83f7430..9fbb2258c9 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/digic.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/digic.c
> @@ -62,16 +62,12 @@ static void digic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> for (i = 0; i < DIGIC4_NB_TIMERS; i++) {
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -80,9 +76,7 @@ static void digic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> }
>
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart), "chardev", serial_hd(0));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/digic_boards.c b/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
> index b6452d918c..d5524d3e72 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
> @@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ static void digic4_board_init(MachineState *machine,
> DigicBoard *board)
> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> }
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &err)) {
> error_reportf_err(err, "Couldn't realize DIGIC SoC: ");
> exit(1);
> }
> diff --git a/hw/arm/fsl-imx25.c b/hw/arm/fsl-imx25.c
> index 7ab5c98fbe..f5418c8c12 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/fsl-imx25.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/fsl-imx25.c
> @@ -85,15 +85,11 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> uint8_t i;
> Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), 0, FSL_IMX25_AVIC_ADDR);
> @@ -102,9 +98,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), 1,
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->cpu), ARM_CPU_FIQ));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), 0, FSL_IMX25_CCM_ADDR);
> @@ -124,9 +118,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), "chardev", serial_hd(i));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), 0,
> serial_table[i].addr);
> @@ -149,9 +141,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->gpt[i].ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt[i]), 0, gpt_table[i].addr);
> @@ -172,9 +162,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->epit[i].ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), 0, epit_table[i].addr);
> @@ -185,18 +173,14 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> qdev_set_nic_properties(DEVICE(&s->fec), &nd_table[0]);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fec), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fec), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fec), 0, FSL_IMX25_FEC_ADDR);
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->fec), 0,
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->avic),
> FSL_IMX25_FEC_IRQ));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rngc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rngc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rngc), 0, FSL_IMX25_RNGC_ADDR);
> @@ -214,9 +198,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> { FSL_IMX25_I2C3_ADDR, FSL_IMX25_I2C3_IRQ }
> };
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), 0, i2c_table[i].addr);
> @@ -237,9 +219,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> { FSL_IMX25_GPIO4_ADDR, FSL_IMX25_GPIO4_IRQ }
> };
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), 0, gpio_table[i].addr);
> @@ -267,9 +247,7 @@ static void fsl_imx25_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->esdhc[i]), SDHCI_VENDOR_IMX,
> "vendor",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), 0,
> esdhc_table[i].addr);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/fsl-imx31.c b/hw/arm/fsl-imx31.c
> index 42cca529c3..8326f5ff81 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/fsl-imx31.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/fsl-imx31.c
> @@ -66,15 +66,11 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> uint16_t i;
> Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), 0, FSL_IMX31_AVIC_ADDR);
> @@ -83,9 +79,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->avic), 1,
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->cpu), ARM_CPU_FIQ));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), 0, FSL_IMX31_CCM_ADDR);
> @@ -102,9 +96,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), "chardev", serial_hd(i));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -116,9 +108,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->gpt.ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -138,9 +128,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->epit[i].ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -162,9 +150,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> };
>
> /* Initialize the I2C */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /* Map I2C memory */
> @@ -188,9 +174,7 @@ static void fsl_imx31_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->gpio[i]), false, "has-edge-sel",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), 0, gpio_table[i].addr);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/fsl-imx6.c b/hw/arm/fsl-imx6.c
> index 4ae3c3efc2..4c2da277ec 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/fsl-imx6.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/fsl-imx6.c
> @@ -130,9 +130,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> "start-powered-off", &error_abort);
> }
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> @@ -144,9 +142,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> FSL_IMX6_MAX_IRQ + GIC_INTERNAL, "num-irq",
> &error_abort);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->a9mpcore), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->a9mpcore), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->a9mpcore), 0, FSL_IMX6_A9MPCORE_ADDR);
> @@ -158,16 +154,12 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&s->cpu[i]),
> ARM_CPU_FIQ));
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ccm), 0, FSL_IMX6_CCM_ADDR);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->src), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->src), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->src), 0, FSL_IMX6_SRC_ADDR);
> @@ -187,9 +179,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), "chardev", serial_hd(i));
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -201,9 +191,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->gpt.ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpt), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -224,9 +212,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->epit[i].ccm = IMX_CCM(&s->ccm);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->epit[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -247,9 +233,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> { FSL_IMX6_I2C3_ADDR, FSL_IMX6_I2C3_IRQ }
> };
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->i2c[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -307,9 +291,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->gpio[i]), true,
> "has-upper-pin-irq",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -343,9 +325,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->esdhc[i]), SDHCI_VENDOR_IMX,
> "vendor",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->esdhc[i]), 0,
> esdhc_table[i].addr);
> @@ -390,9 +370,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> };
>
> /* Initialize the SPI */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -403,9 +381,7 @@ static void fsl_imx6_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
>
> qdev_set_nic_properties(DEVICE(&s->eth), &nd_table[0]);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->eth), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->eth), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->eth), 0, FSL_IMX6_ENET_ADDR);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/msf2-soc.c b/hw/arm/msf2-soc.c
> index 3235c76194..b6143fba92 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/msf2-soc.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/msf2-soc.c
> @@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> MSF2State *s = MSF2_SOC(dev_soc);
> DeviceState *dev, *armv7m;
> SysBusDevice *busdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int i;
>
> MemoryRegion *system_memory = get_system_memory();
> @@ -125,9 +124,7 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_bit(armv7m, "enable-bitband", true);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->armv7m), OBJECT(get_system_memory()),
> "memory", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -153,9 +150,7 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> dev = DEVICE(&s->timer);
> /* APB0 clock is the timer input clock */
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "clock-frequency", s->m3clk / s->apb0div);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -168,9 +163,7 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> dev = DEVICE(&s->sysreg);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "apb0divisor", s->apb0div);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "apb1divisor", s->apb1div);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysreg), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sysreg), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -179,9 +172,7 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < MSF2_NUM_SPIS; i++) {
> gchar *bus_name;
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -199,9 +190,7 @@ static void m2sxxx_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> dev = DEVICE(&s->emac);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->emac), OBJECT(get_system_memory()),
> "ahb-bus", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emac), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->emac), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/nrf51_soc.c b/hw/arm/nrf51_soc.c
> index 20dd8b5897..a398bdfab8 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/nrf51_soc.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/nrf51_soc.c
> @@ -67,9 +67,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
>
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->cpu), OBJECT(&s->container),
> "memory",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpu), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -84,9 +82,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> memory_region_add_subregion(&s->container, NRF51_SRAM_BASE, &s->sram);
>
> /* UART */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> mr = sysbus_mmio_get_region(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), 0);
> @@ -96,9 +92,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> BASE_TO_IRQ(NRF51_UART_BASE)));
>
> /* RNG */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rng), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rng), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -116,9 +110,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nvm), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->nvm), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -132,9 +124,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&s->container, NRF51_FLASH_BASE, mr,
> 0);
>
> /* GPIO */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -151,9 +141,7 @@ static void nrf51_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/arm/stm32f205_soc.c b/hw/arm/stm32f205_soc.c
> index 56aef686c9..5b008722e5 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/stm32f205_soc.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/stm32f205_soc.c
> @@ -81,7 +81,6 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> STM32F205State *s = STM32F205_SOC(dev_soc);
> DeviceState *dev, *armv7m;
> SysBusDevice *busdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int i;
>
> MemoryRegion *system_memory = get_system_memory();
> @@ -107,17 +106,13 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_bit(armv7m, "enable-bitband", true);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->armv7m), OBJECT(get_system_memory()),
> "memory", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> /* System configuration controller */
> dev = DEVICE(&s->syscfg);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->syscfg), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->syscfg), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -128,9 +123,7 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_USARTS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->usart[i]));
> qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chardev", serial_hd(i));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->usart[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->usart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -142,9 +135,7 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_TIMERS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->timer[i]));
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "clock-frequency", 1000000000);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -155,9 +146,7 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> /* ADC 1 to 3 */
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(s->adc_irqs), STM_NUM_ADCS,
> "num-lines", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s->adc_irqs), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s->adc_irqs), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(s->adc_irqs), 0,
> @@ -165,9 +154,7 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
>
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_ADCS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->adc[i]));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adc[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adc[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -179,9 +166,7 @@ static void stm32f205_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> /* SPI 1 and 2 */
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_SPIS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->spi[i]));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/stm32f405_soc.c b/hw/arm/stm32f405_soc.c
> index cf9228d8e7..48b7181665 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/stm32f405_soc.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/stm32f405_soc.c
> @@ -118,17 +118,13 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_bit(armv7m, "enable-bitband", true);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->armv7m), OBJECT(system_memory),
> "memory", &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->armv7m), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> /* System configuration controller */
> dev = DEVICE(&s->syscfg);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->syscfg), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->syscfg), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -139,9 +135,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_USARTS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->usart[i]));
> qdev_prop_set_chr(dev, "chardev", serial_hd(i));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->usart[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->usart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -153,9 +147,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_TIMERS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->timer[i]));
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "clock-frequency", 1000000000);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->timer[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -173,9 +165,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> }
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->adc_irqs), STM_NUM_ADCS,
> "num-lines", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->adc_irqs), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->adc_irqs), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&s->adc_irqs), 0,
> @@ -183,9 +173,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
>
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_ADCS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->adc[i]));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adc[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adc[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -197,9 +185,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
> /* SPI devices */
> for (i = 0; i < STM_NUM_SPIS; i++) {
> dev = DEVICE(&(s->spi[i]));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> @@ -209,9 +195,7 @@ static void stm32f405_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev_soc,
> Error **errp)
>
> /* EXTI device */
> dev = DEVICE(&s->exti);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->exti), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->exti), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> diff --git a/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c b/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
> index 1de9d4a89d..33e63a2c4e 100644
> --- a/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
> +++ b/hw/arm/xlnx-zynqmp.c
> @@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ static inline int arm_gic_ppi_index(int cpu_nr, int
> ppi_index)
> static void xlnx_zynqmp_create_rpu(MachineState *ms, XlnxZynqMPState *s,
> const char *boot_cpu, Error **errp)
> {
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int i;
> int num_rpus = MIN(ms->smp.cpus - XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_APU_CPUS,
> XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_RPU_CPUS);
> @@ -209,9 +208,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_create_rpu(MachineState *ms,
> XlnxZynqMPState *s,
>
> object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->rpu_cpu[i]), true,
> "reset-hivecs",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->rpu_cpu[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->rpu_cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> @@ -367,16 +364,12 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> "reset-cbar", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->apu_cpu[i]), num_apus,
> "core-count", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->apu_cpu[i]), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->apu_cpu[i]), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -470,9 +463,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->gem[i]), 2, "num-priority-queues",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem[i]), 0, gem_addr[i]);
> @@ -482,9 +473,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> for (i = 0; i < XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_UARTS; i++) {
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), "chardev", serial_hd(i));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart[i]), 0, uart_addr[i]);
> @@ -494,9 +483,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->sata), SATA_NUM_PORTS, "num-ports",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sata), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->sata), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -528,9 +515,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sdhci), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sdhci), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(sbd, 0, sdhci_addr[i]);
> @@ -545,9 +530,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> for (i = 0; i < XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_SPIS; i++) {
> gchar *bus_name;
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->spi[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -562,9 +545,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> g_free(bus_name);
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->qspi), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->qspi), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->qspi), 0, QSPI_ADDR);
> @@ -584,17 +565,13 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> g_free(target_bus);
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dp), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dp), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dp), 0, DP_ADDR);
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dp), 0, gic_spi[DP_IRQ]);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dpdma), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dpdma), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->dp), OBJECT(&s->dpdma), "dpdma",
> @@ -602,17 +579,13 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dpdma), 0, DPDMA_ADDR);
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dpdma), 0, gic_spi[DPDMA_IRQ]);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ipi), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ipi), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ipi), 0, IPI_ADDR);
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->ipi), 0, gic_spi[IPI_IRQ]);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->rtc), 0, RTC_ADDR);
> @@ -624,9 +597,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gdma[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gdma[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -636,9 +607,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
>
> for (i = 0; i < XLNX_ZYNQMP_NUM_ADMA_CH; i++) {
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adma[i]), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->adma[i]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/block/fdc.c b/hw/block/fdc.c
> index f4493d6afa..fe0ae2d146 100644
> --- a/hw/block/fdc.c
> +++ b/hw/block/fdc.c
> @@ -2574,9 +2574,7 @@ static void fdctrl_connect_drives(FDCtrl *fdctrl,
> DeviceState *fdc_dev,
> return;
> }
>
> - qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, &fdctrl->bus.bus, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, &fdctrl->bus.bus, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> diff --git a/hw/block/xen-block.c b/hw/block/xen-block.c
> index 1b7bc5de08..10c44dfda2 100644
> --- a/hw/block/xen-block.c
> +++ b/hw/block/xen-block.c
> @@ -961,8 +961,7 @@ static void xen_block_device_create(XenBackendInstance
> *backend,
> blockdev->iothread = iothread;
> blockdev->drive = drive;
>
> - qdev_realize_and_unref(DEVICE(xendev), BUS(xenbus), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize_and_unref(DEVICE(xendev), BUS(xenbus), &local_err)) {
> error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
> "realization of device %s failed: ",
> type);
> diff --git a/hw/char/serial-pci-multi.c b/hw/char/serial-pci-multi.c
> index 56f915e7c9..2cf3e44177 100644
> --- a/hw/char/serial-pci-multi.c
> +++ b/hw/char/serial-pci-multi.c
> @@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ static void multi_serial_pci_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error
> **errp)
> PCIDeviceClass *pc = PCI_DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev);
> PCIMultiSerialState *pci = DO_UPCAST(PCIMultiSerialState, dev, dev);
> SerialState *s;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> size_t i, nports = multi_serial_get_port_count(pc);
>
> pci->dev.config[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = pci->prog_if;
> @@ -106,9 +105,7 @@ static void multi_serial_pci_realize(PCIDevice *dev,
> Error **errp)
>
> for (i = 0; i < nports; i++) {
> s = pci->state + i;
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, errp)) {
> multi_serial_pci_exit(dev);
> return;
> }
> diff --git a/hw/char/serial-pci.c b/hw/char/serial-pci.c
> index 298f3adba7..cd56924a43 100644
> --- a/hw/char/serial-pci.c
> +++ b/hw/char/serial-pci.c
> @@ -47,11 +47,8 @@ static void serial_pci_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error
> **errp)
> {
> PCISerialState *pci = DO_UPCAST(PCISerialState, dev, dev);
> SerialState *s = &pci->state;
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/char/serial.c b/hw/char/serial.c
> index 9eebcb27e7..2386479492 100644
> --- a/hw/char/serial.c
> +++ b/hw/char/serial.c
> @@ -989,11 +989,8 @@ static void serial_io_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> {
> SerialIO *sio = SERIAL_IO(dev);
> SerialState *s = &sio->serial;
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1096,11 +1093,8 @@ static void serial_mm_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> {
> SerialMM *smm = SERIAL_MM(dev);
> SerialState *s = &smm->serial;
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(s), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/core/cpu.c b/hw/core/cpu.c
> index 0f23409f1d..594441a150 100644
> --- a/hw/core/cpu.c
> +++ b/hw/core/cpu.c
> @@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ CPUState *cpu_create(const char *typename)
> {
> Error *err = NULL;
> CPUState *cpu = CPU(object_new(typename));
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, &err)) {
> error_report_err(err);
> object_unref(OBJECT(cpu));
> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> diff --git a/hw/cpu/a15mpcore.c b/hw/cpu/a15mpcore.c
> index e6085f5d44..c377be398d 100644
> --- a/hw/cpu/a15mpcore.c
> +++ b/hw/cpu/a15mpcore.c
> @@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ static void a15mp_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> DeviceState *gicdev;
> SysBusDevice *busdev;
> int i;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> bool has_el3;
> bool has_el2 = false;
> Object *cpuobj;
> @@ -76,9 +75,7 @@ static void a15mp_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_bit(gicdev, "has-virtualization-extensions", has_el2);
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic);
> diff --git a/hw/cpu/a9mpcore.c b/hw/cpu/a9mpcore.c
> index 642363d2f4..351295e518 100644
> --- a/hw/cpu/a9mpcore.c
> +++ b/hw/cpu/a9mpcore.c
> @@ -50,16 +50,13 @@ static void a9mp_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> DeviceState *scudev, *gicdev, *gtimerdev, *mptimerdev, *wdtdev;
> SysBusDevice *scubusdev, *gicbusdev, *gtimerbusdev, *mptimerbusdev,
> *wdtbusdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int i;
> bool has_el3;
> Object *cpuobj;
>
> scudev = DEVICE(&s->scu);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(scudev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> scubusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu);
> @@ -78,9 +75,7 @@ static void a9mp_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> object_property_get_bool(cpuobj, "has_el3", &error_abort);
> qdev_prop_set_bit(gicdev, "has-security-extensions", has_el3);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> gicbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic);
> @@ -93,27 +88,21 @@ static void a9mp_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> gtimerdev = DEVICE(&s->gtimer);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(gtimerdev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gtimer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gtimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> gtimerbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gtimer);
>
> mptimerdev = DEVICE(&s->mptimer);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(mptimerdev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mptimer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mptimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> mptimerbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mptimer);
>
> wdtdev = DEVICE(&s->wdt);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(wdtdev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> wdtbusdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdt);
> diff --git a/hw/cpu/arm11mpcore.c b/hw/cpu/arm11mpcore.c
> index a2afb992fb..89c4e35143 100644
> --- a/hw/cpu/arm11mpcore.c
> +++ b/hw/cpu/arm11mpcore.c
> @@ -76,12 +76,9 @@ static void mpcore_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> DeviceState *gicdev = DEVICE(&s->gic);
> DeviceState *mptimerdev = DEVICE(&s->mptimer);
> DeviceState *wdtimerdev = DEVICE(&s->wdtimer);
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(scudev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->scu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -91,9 +88,7 @@ static void mpcore_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> ARM11MPCORE_NUM_GIC_PRIORITY_BITS);
>
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -104,16 +99,12 @@ static void mpcore_priv_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_init_gpio_in(dev, mpcore_priv_set_irq, s->num_irq - 32);
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(mptimerdev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mptimer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mptimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(wdtimerdev, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdtimer), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->wdtimer), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/cpu/realview_mpcore.c b/hw/cpu/realview_mpcore.c
> index d2e426fa45..96f4d2517a 100644
> --- a/hw/cpu/realview_mpcore.c
> +++ b/hw/cpu/realview_mpcore.c
> @@ -65,14 +65,11 @@ static void realview_mpcore_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> DeviceState *priv = DEVICE(&s->priv);
> DeviceState *gic;
> SysBusDevice *gicbusdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int n;
> int i;
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(priv, "num-cpu", s->num_cpu);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->priv), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->priv), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_pass_irq(sbd, SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->priv));
> @@ -81,9 +78,7 @@ static void realview_mpcore_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
> /* ??? IRQ routing is hardcoded to "normal" mode. */
> for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic[n]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic[n]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> gic = DEVICE(&s->gic[n]);
> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci.c
> index 41b88b878d..93ba5956ed 100644
> --- a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci.c
> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci.c
> @@ -31,13 +31,9 @@ static void virtio_gpu_pci_base_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy
> *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
> VirtIOGPUBase *g = vgpu->vgpu;
> DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(g);
> int i;
> - Error *local_error = NULL;
>
> virtio_pci_force_virtio_1(vpci_dev);
> - qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), &local_error);
> -
> - if (local_error) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_error);
> + if (!qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-vga.c b/hw/display/virtio-vga.c
> index 67f409e106..fd550b35c8 100644
> --- a/hw/display/virtio-vga.c
> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-vga.c
> @@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ static void virtio_vga_base_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy
> *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
> VirtIOVGABase *vvga = VIRTIO_VGA_BASE(vpci_dev);
> VirtIOGPUBase *g = vvga->vgpu;
> VGACommonState *vga = &vvga->vga;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> uint32_t offset;
> int i;
>
> @@ -138,9 +137,7 @@ static void virtio_vga_base_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy
> *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
>
> /* init virtio bits */
> virtio_pci_force_virtio_1(vpci_dev);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(g), BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(g), BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/intc/armv7m_nvic.c b/hw/intc/armv7m_nvic.c
> index af9f4c5a85..3c4b6e6d70 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/armv7m_nvic.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/armv7m_nvic.c
> @@ -2619,7 +2619,6 @@ static void nvic_systick_trigger(void *opaque, int n,
> int level)
> static void armv7m_nvic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> NVICState *s = NVIC(dev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
> int regionlen;
>
> /* The armv7m container object will have set our CPU pointer */
> @@ -2640,9 +2639,7 @@ static void armv7m_nvic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> s->num_prio_bits = arm_feature(&s->cpu->env, ARM_FEATURE_V7) ? 8 : 2;
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_NS]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_NS]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_NS]), 0,
> @@ -2657,9 +2654,7 @@ static void armv7m_nvic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> object_initialize_child(OBJECT(dev), "systick-reg-s",
> &s->systick[M_REG_S], TYPE_SYSTICK);
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_S]), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_S]), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->systick[M_REG_S]), 0,
> diff --git a/hw/intc/pnv_xive.c b/hw/intc/pnv_xive.c
> index 85ba0b4655..7d33457e81 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/pnv_xive.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/pnv_xive.c
> @@ -1833,9 +1833,7 @@ static void pnv_xive_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(xsrc), OBJECT(xive), "xive",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1843,9 +1841,7 @@ static void pnv_xive_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(end_xsrc), OBJECT(xive), "xive",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(end_xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(end_xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/intc/realview_gic.c b/hw/intc/realview_gic.c
> index f11fb5259a..9b12116b2a 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/realview_gic.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/realview_gic.c
> @@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ static void realview_gic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> RealViewGICState *s = REALVIEW_GIC(dev);
> SysBusDevice *busdev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> /* The GICs on the RealView boards have a fixed nonconfigurable
> * number of interrupt lines, so we don't need to expose this as
> * a qdev property.
> @@ -34,9 +33,7 @@ static void realview_gic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> int numirq = 96;
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->gic), "num-irq", numirq);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic);
> diff --git a/hw/intc/spapr_xive.c b/hw/intc/spapr_xive.c
> index b7fc8dde7a..4e9ee90353 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/spapr_xive.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/spapr_xive.c
> @@ -312,9 +312,7 @@ static void spapr_xive_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(xsrc), OBJECT(xive), "xive",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(xive), &xsrc->esb_mmio);
> @@ -326,9 +324,7 @@ static void spapr_xive_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(end_xsrc), OBJECT(xive), "xive",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(end_xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(end_xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_init_mmio(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(xive), &end_xsrc->esb_mmio);
> diff --git a/hw/intc/xics.c b/hw/intc/xics.c
> index d365eeca66..0d336fb033 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/xics.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/xics.c
> @@ -376,7 +376,6 @@ static const TypeInfo icp_info = {
>
> Object *icp_create(Object *cpu, const char *type, XICSFabric *xi, Error
> **errp)
> {
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> Object *obj;
>
> obj = object_new(type);
> @@ -384,10 +383,8 @@ Object *icp_create(Object *cpu, const char *type,
> XICSFabric *xi, Error **errp)
> object_unref(obj);
> object_property_set_link(obj, OBJECT(xi), ICP_PROP_XICS, &error_abort);
> object_property_set_link(obj, cpu, ICP_PROP_CPU, &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, errp)) {
> object_unparent(obj);
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> obj = NULL;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/intc/xive.c b/hw/intc/xive.c
> index 2c30dc53d8..8e167306e7 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/xive.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/xive.c
> @@ -765,8 +765,7 @@ Object *xive_tctx_create(Object *cpu, XivePresenter
> *xptr, Error **errp)
> object_unref(obj);
> object_property_set_link(obj, cpu, "cpu", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_link(obj, OBJECT(xptr), "presenter", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, &local_err)) {
> goto error;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/isa/piix4.c b/hw/isa/piix4.c
> index f634bcb2d1..ac044afa95 100644
> --- a/hw/isa/piix4.c
> +++ b/hw/isa/piix4.c
> @@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ static void piix4_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
> PIIX4State *s = PIIX4_PCI_DEVICE(dev);
> ISABus *isa_bus;
> qemu_irq *i8259_out_irq;
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> isa_bus = isa_bus_new(DEVICE(dev), pci_address_space(dev),
> pci_address_space_io(dev), errp);
> @@ -183,9 +182,7 @@ static void piix4_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
>
> /* RTC */
> qdev_prop_set_int32(DEVICE(&s->rtc), "base_year", 2000);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->rtc), BUS(isa_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->rtc), BUS(isa_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> isa_init_irq(ISA_DEVICE(&s->rtc), &s->rtc.irq, RTC_ISA_IRQ);
> diff --git a/hw/microblaze/xlnx-zynqmp-pmu.c b/hw/microblaze/xlnx-zynqmp-pmu.c
> index abebc7e2ef..cd4f3427d8 100644
> --- a/hw/microblaze/xlnx-zynqmp-pmu.c
> +++ b/hw/microblaze/xlnx-zynqmp-pmu.c
> @@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_pmu_soc_init(Object *obj)
> static void xlnx_zynqmp_pmu_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> XlnxZynqMPPMUSoCState *s = XLNX_ZYNQMP_PMU_SOC(dev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->cpu), XLNX_ZYNQMP_PMU_ROM_ADDR,
> "base-vectors", &error_abort);
> @@ -96,9 +95,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_pmu_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> object_property_set_str(OBJECT(&s->cpu), "8.40.b", "version",
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->cpu), 0, "pvr", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -108,9 +105,7 @@ static void xlnx_zynqmp_pmu_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_uint(OBJECT(&s->intc), 0xffff, "intc-positive",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->intc), 0, XLNX_ZYNQMP_PMU_INTC_ADDR);
> diff --git a/hw/mips/cps.c b/hw/mips/cps.c
> index 0d7f3cf673..b4f2306596 100644
> --- a/hw/mips/cps.c
> +++ b/hw/mips/cps.c
> @@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ static void mips_cps_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> CPUMIPSState *env;
> MIPSCPU *cpu;
> int i;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> target_ulong gcr_base;
> bool itu_present = false;
> bool saar_present = false;
> @@ -109,9 +108,7 @@ static void mips_cps_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> if (saar_present) {
> s->itu.saar = &env->CP0_SAAR;
> }
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->itu), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->itu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -125,9 +122,7 @@ static void mips_cps_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->cpc), 1, "vp-start-running",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpc), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cpc), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -140,9 +135,7 @@ static void mips_cps_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->gic), 128, "num-irq",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -163,9 +156,7 @@ static void mips_cps_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->gcr), OBJECT(&s->cpc.mr), "cpc",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gcr), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gcr), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/misc/macio/cuda.c b/hw/misc/macio/cuda.c
> index 47aa3b0552..0d29d53116 100644
> --- a/hw/misc/macio/cuda.c
> +++ b/hw/misc/macio/cuda.c
> @@ -524,13 +524,10 @@ static void cuda_reset(DeviceState *dev)
> static void cuda_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> CUDAState *s = CUDA(dev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
> SysBusDevice *sbd;
> struct tm tm;
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mos6522_cuda), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mos6522_cuda), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/misc/macio/macio.c b/hw/misc/macio/macio.c
> index 3251c79f46..7cfe357cc4 100644
> --- a/hw/misc/macio/macio.c
> +++ b/hw/misc/macio/macio.c
> @@ -98,11 +98,8 @@ static void macio_common_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
> {
> MacIOState *s = MACIO(d);
> SysBusDevice *sysbus_dev;
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->dbdma), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->dbdma), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->dbdma);
> @@ -116,9 +113,7 @@ static void macio_common_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&s->escc), "chrB", serial_hd(1));
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->escc), "chnBtype", escc_serial);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&s->escc), "chnAtype", escc_serial);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->escc), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->escc), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -159,9 +154,7 @@ static void macio_oldworld_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
>
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(DEVICE(&s->cuda), "timebase-frequency",
> s->frequency);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cuda), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cuda), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cuda);
> @@ -176,9 +169,7 @@ static void macio_oldworld_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
> sysbus_connect_irq(sysbus_dev, 1, qdev_get_gpio_in(pic_dev,
> OLDWORLD_ESCCA_IRQ));
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&os->nvram), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&os->nvram), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&os->nvram);
> @@ -345,9 +336,7 @@ static void macio_newworld_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&s->pmu), OBJECT(sysbus_dev), "gpio",
> &error_abort);
> qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(&s->pmu), "has-adb", ns->has_adb);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->pmu), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->pmu), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->pmu);
> @@ -363,9 +352,7 @@ static void macio_newworld_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error
> **errp)
> qdev_prop_set_uint64(DEVICE(&s->cuda), "timebase-frequency",
> s->frequency);
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cuda), BUS(&s->macio_bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&s->cuda), BUS(&s->macio_bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_dev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->cuda);
> diff --git a/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c b/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
> index 41b626c46c..4b0983697c 100644
> --- a/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
> +++ b/hw/misc/macio/pmu.c
> @@ -741,13 +741,10 @@ static void pmu_reset(DeviceState *dev)
> static void pmu_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> PMUState *s = VIA_PMU(dev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
> SysBusDevice *sbd;
> struct tm tm;
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mos6522_pmu), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->mos6522_pmu), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb3.c b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb3.c
> index 3ec904a55f..d85ca709d9 100644
> --- a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb3.c
> +++ b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb3.c
> @@ -990,7 +990,6 @@ static void pnv_phb3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> PnvPHB3 *phb = PNV_PHB3(dev);
> PCIHostState *pci = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(dev);
> PnvMachineState *pnv = PNV_MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> int i;
>
> if (phb->phb_id >= PNV8_CHIP_PHB3_MAX) {
> @@ -1003,9 +1002,7 @@ static void pnv_phb3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&phb->lsis), PNV_PHB3_NUM_LSI, "nr-irqs",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->lsis), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->lsis), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1022,18 +1019,14 @@ static void pnv_phb3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&phb->msis), PHB3_MAX_MSI, "nr-irqs",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->msis), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->msis), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> /* Power Bus Common Queue */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&phb->pbcq), OBJECT(phb), "phb",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->pbcq), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&phb->pbcq), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4.c b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4.c
> index 10716d759d..7739fd5984 100644
> --- a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4.c
> +++ b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4.c
> @@ -1169,7 +1169,6 @@ static void pnv_phb4_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> PnvPHB4 *phb = PNV_PHB4(dev);
> PCIHostState *pci = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(dev);
> XiveSource *xsrc = &phb->xsrc;
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> int nr_irqs;
> char name[32];
>
> @@ -1218,9 +1217,7 @@ static void pnv_phb4_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(xsrc), nr_irqs, "nr-irqs", &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(xsrc), OBJECT(phb), "xive",
> &error_fatal);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4_pec.c b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4_pec.c
> index 2d634c838e..40f993bd06 100644
> --- a/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4_pec.c
> +++ b/hw/pci-host/pnv_phb4_pec.c
> @@ -377,7 +377,6 @@ static void pnv_pec_instance_init(Object *obj)
> static void pnv_pec_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> PnvPhb4PecState *pec = PNV_PHB4_PEC(dev);
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> char name[64];
> int i;
>
> @@ -390,9 +389,7 @@ static void pnv_pec_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> object_property_set_int(stk_obj, i, "stack-no", &error_abort);
> object_property_set_link(stk_obj, OBJECT(pec), "pec", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(stk_obj), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(stk_obj), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> }
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/e500.c b/hw/ppc/e500.c
> index 51bf95b303..5448d101d9 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/e500.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/e500.c
> @@ -764,16 +764,13 @@ static DeviceState
> *ppce500_init_mpic_qemu(PPCE500MachineState *pms,
> static DeviceState *ppce500_init_mpic_kvm(const PPCE500MachineClass *pmc,
> IrqLines *irqs, Error **errp)
> {
> - Error *err = NULL;
> DeviceState *dev;
> CPUState *cs;
>
> dev = qdev_new(TYPE_KVM_OPENPIC);
> qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "model", pmc->mpic_version);
>
> - sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize_and_unref(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev), errp)) {
> object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
> return NULL;
> }
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv.c b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
> index 8bd03f3b10..392aa138de 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/pnv.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/pnv.c
> @@ -1137,9 +1137,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> "bar", &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip8->psi), OBJECT(chip8->xics),
> ICS_PROP_XICS, &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->psi), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->psi), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV_XSCOM_PSIHB_BASE,
> @@ -1168,9 +1166,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* Create the simplified OCC model */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip8->occ), OBJECT(&chip8->psi), "psi",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->occ), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->occ), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV_XSCOM_OCC_BASE,
> &chip8->occ.xscom_regs);
> @@ -1182,9 +1178,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* HOMER */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip8->homer), OBJECT(chip), "chip",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->homer), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip8->homer), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /* Homer Xscom region */
> @@ -1202,9 +1196,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(phb), i, "index", &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(phb), chip->chip_id, "chip-id",
> &error_fatal);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(phb), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(phb), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1359,7 +1351,6 @@ static void pnv_chip_quad_realize(Pnv9Chip *chip9,
> Error **errp)
> static void pnv_chip_power9_phb_realize(PnvChip *chip, Error **errp)
> {
> Pnv9Chip *chip9 = PNV9_CHIP(chip);
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> int i, j;
> int phb_id = 0;
>
> @@ -1381,9 +1372,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_phb_realize(PnvChip *chip,
> Error **errp)
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(pec), OBJECT(get_system_memory()),
> "system-memory", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(pec), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(pec), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1406,9 +1395,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_phb_realize(PnvChip *chip,
> Error **errp)
> object_property_set_int(obj, PNV_PHB4_DEVICE_ID, "device-id",
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(obj, OBJECT(stack), "stack",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -1466,9 +1453,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> "tm-bar", &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip9->xive), OBJECT(chip), "chip",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&chip9->xive), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&chip9->xive), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_XIVE_BASE,
> @@ -1477,9 +1462,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* Processor Service Interface (PSI) Host Bridge */
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&chip9->psi), PNV9_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
> "bar", &error_fatal);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->psi), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->psi), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_PSIHB_BASE,
> @@ -1488,9 +1471,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* LPC */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip9->lpc), OBJECT(&chip9->psi), "psi",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->lpc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->lpc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), PNV9_LPCM_BASE(chip),
> @@ -1502,9 +1483,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* Create the simplified OCC model */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip9->occ), OBJECT(&chip9->psi), "psi",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->occ), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->occ), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV9_XSCOM_OCC_BASE,
> &chip9->occ.xscom_regs);
> @@ -1516,9 +1495,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* HOMER */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip9->homer), OBJECT(chip), "chip",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->homer), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip9->homer), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> /* Homer Xscom region */
> @@ -1598,9 +1575,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power10_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* Processor Service Interface (PSI) Host Bridge */
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&chip10->psi), PNV10_PSIHB_BASE(chip),
> "bar", &error_fatal);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip10->psi), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip10->psi), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> pnv_xscom_add_subregion(chip, PNV10_XSCOM_PSIHB_BASE,
> @@ -1609,9 +1584,7 @@ static void pnv_chip_power10_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> /* LPC */
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&chip10->lpc), OBJECT(&chip10->psi),
> "psi",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip10->lpc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&chip10->lpc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
> memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), PNV10_LPCM_BASE(chip),
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
> index c986c16db1..4724ddf96c 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
> @@ -173,9 +173,7 @@ static void pnv_core_cpu_realize(PnvCore *pc, PowerPCCPU
> *cpu, Error **errp)
> Error *local_err = NULL;
> PnvChipClass *pcc = PNV_CHIP_GET_CLASS(pc->chip);
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv_psi.c b/hw/ppc/pnv_psi.c
> index 75b8ae9703..08756a79cd 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/pnv_psi.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/pnv_psi.c
> @@ -510,9 +510,7 @@ static void pnv_psi_power8_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> error_propagate(errp, err);
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(ics), NULL, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(ics), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> @@ -842,7 +840,6 @@ static void pnv_psi_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> {
> PnvPsi *psi = PNV_PSI(dev);
> XiveSource *xsrc = &PNV9_PSI(psi)->source;
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> int i;
>
> /* This is the only device with 4k ESB pages */
> @@ -851,9 +848,7 @@ static void pnv_psi_power9_realize(DeviceState *dev,
> Error **errp)
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(xsrc), PSIHB9_NUM_IRQS, "nr-irqs",
> &error_fatal);
> object_property_set_link(OBJECT(xsrc), OBJECT(psi), "xive",
> &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(xsrc), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_cpu_core.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_cpu_core.c
> index 26ad566f42..85330d08a1 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/spapr_cpu_core.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_cpu_core.c
> @@ -239,8 +239,7 @@ static void spapr_realize_vcpu(PowerPCCPU *cpu,
> SpaprMachineState *spapr,
> CPUState *cs = CPU(cpu);
> Error *local_err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(cpu), NULL, &local_err)) {
> goto error;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_irq.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_irq.c
> index 897bf98587..a61d39ad71 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/spapr_irq.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_irq.c
> @@ -302,7 +302,6 @@ void spapr_irq_init(SpaprMachineState *spapr, Error
> **errp)
> spapr_irq_msi_init(spapr);
>
> if (spapr->irq->xics) {
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
> Object *obj;
>
> obj = object_new(TYPE_ICS_SPAPR);
> @@ -311,9 +310,7 @@ void spapr_irq_init(SpaprMachineState *spapr, Error
> **errp)
> object_property_set_link(obj, OBJECT(spapr), ICS_PROP_XICS,
> &error_abort);
> object_property_set_int(obj, smc->nr_xirqs, "nr-irqs", &error_abort);
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(obj), NULL, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/riscv/opentitan.c b/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
> index 19223e4c29..d40f065a6a 100644
> --- a/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
> +++ b/hw/riscv/opentitan.c
> @@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ static void lowrisc_ibex_soc_realize(DeviceState
> *dev_soc, Error **errp)
> MachineState *ms = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
> LowRISCIbexSoCState *s = RISCV_IBEX_SOC(dev_soc);
> MemoryRegion *sys_mem = get_system_memory();
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> object_property_set_str(OBJECT(&s->cpus), ms->cpu_type, "cpu-type",
> &error_abort);
> @@ -127,18 +126,14 @@ static void lowrisc_ibex_soc_realize(DeviceState
> *dev_soc, Error **errp)
> &s->flash_mem);
>
> /* PLIC */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->plic), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->plic), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->plic), 0, memmap[IBEX_PLIC].base);
>
> /* UART */
> qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&(s->uart)), "chardev", serial_hd(0));
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->uart), 0, memmap[IBEX_UART].base);
> diff --git a/hw/riscv/sifive_e.c b/hw/riscv/sifive_e.c
> index 0cb66ac4e2..416adfcce0 100644
> --- a/hw/riscv/sifive_e.c
> +++ b/hw/riscv/sifive_e.c
> @@ -185,8 +185,6 @@ static void sifive_e_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> {
> MachineState *ms = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
> const struct MemmapEntry *memmap = sifive_e_memmap;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> -
> SiFiveESoCState *s = RISCV_E_SOC(dev);
> MemoryRegion *sys_mem = get_system_memory();
>
> @@ -221,9 +219,7 @@ static void sifive_e_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
>
> /* GPIO */
>
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gpio), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
> index a1d2edfe13..12cd91b227 100644
> --- a/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
> +++ b/hw/riscv/sifive_u.c
> @@ -608,7 +608,6 @@ static void sifive_u_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> char *plic_hart_config;
> size_t plic_hart_config_len;
> int i;
> - Error *err = NULL;
> NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[0];
>
> sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->e_cpus), &error_abort);
> @@ -710,9 +709,7 @@ static void sifive_u_soc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> }
> object_property_set_int(OBJECT(&s->gem), GEM_REVISION, "revision",
> &error_abort);
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&s->gem), 0, memmap[SIFIVE_U_GEM].base);
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/event-facility.c b/hw/s390x/event-facility.c
> index 164b1fd295..645b4080c5 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/event-facility.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/event-facility.c
> @@ -442,18 +442,13 @@ static void init_event_facility(Object *obj)
> static void realize_event_facility(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> SCLPEventFacility *event_facility = EVENT_FACILITY(dev);
> - Error *local_err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&event_facility->quiesce),
> - BUS(&event_facility->sbus), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&event_facility->quiesce),
> + BUS(&event_facility->sbus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(&event_facility->cpu_hotplug),
> - BUS(&event_facility->sbus), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, local_err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(&event_facility->cpu_hotplug),
> + BUS(&event_facility->sbus), errp)) {
> qdev_unrealize(DEVICE(&event_facility->quiesce));
> return;
> }
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-pci-bus.c b/hw/s390x/s390-pci-bus.c
> index 142e52a8ff..0517901024 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/s390-pci-bus.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/s390-pci-bus.c
> @@ -829,8 +829,7 @@ static S390PCIBusDevice *s390_pci_device_new(S390pciState
> *s,
> "zPCI device could not be created: ");
> return NULL;
> }
> - qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, BUS(s->bus), &local_err);
> - if (local_err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, BUS(s->bus), &local_err)) {
> object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
> error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
> "zPCI device could not be created: ");
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/sclp.c b/hw/s390x/sclp.c
> index d39f6d7785..03364343eb 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/sclp.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/sclp.c
> @@ -338,8 +338,7 @@ static void sclp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> * as we can't find a fitting bus via the qom tree, we have to add the
> * event facility to the sysbus, so e.g. a sclp console can be created.
> */
> - sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sclp->event_facility), &err);
> - if (err) {
> + if (!sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sclp->event_facility), &err)) {
> goto out;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-crypto.c b/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-crypto.c
> index ca6753bff3..438626cf37 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-crypto.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-crypto.c
> @@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ static void virtio_ccw_crypto_realize(VirtioCcwDevice
> *ccw_dev, Error **errp)
> {
> VirtIOCryptoCcw *dev = VIRTIO_CRYPTO_CCW(ccw_dev);
> DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(&dev->vdev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&ccw_dev->bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&ccw_dev->bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-rng.c b/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-rng.c
> index 4077160f49..aefe6b1b51 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-rng.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/virtio-ccw-rng.c
> @@ -20,11 +20,8 @@ static void virtio_ccw_rng_realize(VirtioCcwDevice
> *ccw_dev, Error **errp)
> {
> VirtIORNGCcw *dev = VIRTIO_RNG_CCW(ccw_dev);
> DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(&dev->vdev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&ccw_dev->bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&ccw_dev->bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c b/hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c
> index b878a08080..f3d2d63de8 100644
> --- a/hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c
> +++ b/hw/scsi/scsi-bus.c
> @@ -293,9 +293,7 @@ SCSIDevice *scsi_bus_legacy_add_drive(SCSIBus *bus,
> BlockBackend *blk,
> qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "rerror", rerror);
> qdev_prop_set_enum(dev, "werror", werror);
>
> - qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, &bus->qbus, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, &bus->qbus, errp)) {
> object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
> return NULL;
> }
> diff --git a/hw/sd/aspeed_sdhci.c b/hw/sd/aspeed_sdhci.c
> index 538d3bad3d..ad0bb6fdb4 100644
> --- a/hw/sd/aspeed_sdhci.c
> +++ b/hw/sd/aspeed_sdhci.c
> @@ -145,9 +145,7 @@ static void aspeed_sdhci_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error
> **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - sysbus_realize(sbd_slot, &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!sysbus_realize(sbd_slot, errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/sd/ssi-sd.c b/hw/sd/ssi-sd.c
> index 25cec2ddea..0df0edb51d 100644
> --- a/hw/sd/ssi-sd.c
> +++ b/hw/sd/ssi-sd.c
> @@ -266,8 +266,7 @@ static void ssi_sd_realize(SSISlave *d, Error **errp)
> goto fail;
> }
>
> - qdev_realize_and_unref(carddev, BUS(&s->sdbus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> + if (!qdev_realize_and_unref(carddev, BUS(&s->sdbus), &err)) {
> goto fail;
> }
>
> diff --git a/hw/usb/bus.c b/hw/usb/bus.c
> index 957559b18d..ba27afe9f2 100644
> --- a/hw/usb/bus.c
> +++ b/hw/usb/bus.c
> @@ -704,8 +704,7 @@ USBDevice *usbdevice_create(const char *cmdline)
> error_report("Failed to create USB device '%s'", f->name);
> return NULL;
> }
> - usb_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &err);
> - if (err) {
> + if (!usb_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &err)) {
> error_reportf_err(err, "Failed to initialize USB device '%s': ",
> f->name);
> object_unparent(OBJECT(dev));
> diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-rng-pci.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-rng-pci.c
> index cf1afb47a6..b6cb0199a3 100644
> --- a/hw/virtio/virtio-rng-pci.c
> +++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-rng-pci.c
> @@ -34,11 +34,8 @@ static void virtio_rng_pci_realize(VirtIOPCIProxy
> *vpci_dev, Error **errp)
> {
> VirtIORngPCI *vrng = VIRTIO_RNG_PCI(vpci_dev);
> DeviceState *vdev = DEVICE(&vrng->vdev);
> - Error *err = NULL;
>
> - qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), &err);
> - if (err) {
> - error_propagate(errp, err);
> + if (!qdev_realize(vdev, BUS(&vpci_dev->bus), errp)) {
> return;
> }
>
> diff --git a/qdev-monitor.c b/qdev-monitor.c
> index 22da107484..13a13a811a 100644
> --- a/qdev-monitor.c
> +++ b/qdev-monitor.c
> @@ -676,8 +676,7 @@ DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
> }
>
> dev->opts = opts;
> - qdev_realize(DEVICE(dev), bus, &err);
> - if (err != NULL) {
> + if (!qdev_realize(DEVICE(dev), bus, &err)) {
> dev->opts = NULL;
> goto err_del_dev;
> }