[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po free-sw.ca.po words-to-avoid....
|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po free-sw.ca.po words-to-avoid.... |
|
Date: |
Mon, 13 May 2019 12:57:17 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 19/05/13 12:57:16
Added files:
philosophy/po : free-sw.ca.po words-to-avoid.ca.po
Log message:
2 new Catalan POs.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.ca.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.ca.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: free-sw.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: free-sw.ca.po
diff -N free-sw.ca.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ free-sw.ca.po 13 May 2019 16:57:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1307 @@
+# Catalan translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
+# Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Simó Albert i Beltran, 2004.
+# Miquel Puigpelat <address@hidden>, 2008.
+# May 2019: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: free-sw.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-03-20 10:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2004-08-04 21:16+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+# | [-The Free Software Definition-]{+What is free software?+} - GNU Project -
+# | Free Software Foundation
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The Free Software Definition - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "What is free software? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"La definició de Programari Lliure - Projecte GNU - Free Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
+"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Programari "
+"Lliure, Sistema Operatiu, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that "
+"computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+"Des de 1983 desenvolupem el sistema operatiu lliure GNU, de manera que els "
+"usuaris tinguin la llibertat de compartir i millorar el programari que "
+"utilitzen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "What is free software?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "The Free Software Definition"
+msgstr "La definició de Programari Lliure"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Have a question about free software licensing not answered here? See our "
+"other <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/licensing\";>licensing resources</a>, and "
+"if necessary contact the FSF Compliance Lab at <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">address@hidden</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | [-We maintain this-]{+The+} free software definition [-to show clearly
+# | what must be true about-] {+presents the criteria for whether+} a
+# | particular software program [-for-] {+qualifies as free software. From
+# | time to time we revise this definition, to clarify+} it {+or+} to [-be
+# | considered-] {+resolve questions about subtle issues. See the <a
+# | href=\"#History\">History section</a> below for a list of changes that
+# | affect the definition of+} free software.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be "
+#| "true about a particular software program for it to be considered free "
+#| "software."
+msgid ""
+"The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a particular "
+"software program qualifies as free software. From time to time we revise "
+"this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions about subtle issues. "
+"See the <a href=\"#History\">History section</a> below for a list of changes "
+"that affect the definition of free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Mantenim aquesta definició del programari lliure per a mostrar clarament com
"
+"ha de ser un determinat programa per a poder ser considerat programari "
+"lliure."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Open source” is something different: it has a very different "
+"philosophy based on different values. Its practical definition is different "
+"too, but nearly all open source programs are in fact free. We explain the "
+"difference in <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> Why "
+"“Open Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” {+means software that respects users' freedom
+# | and community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the freedom to
+# | run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. Thus,
+# | “free software”+} is a matter of liberty, not price. To
+# | understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in
+# | “free speech,” not as in “free [-beer.”-]
+# | {+beer”. We sometimes call it “libre software,”
+# | borrowing the French or Spanish word for “free” as in freedom,
+# | to show we do not mean the software is gratis.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To "
+#| "understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in "
+#| "“free speech,” not as in “free beer.”"
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” means software that respects users' freedom and "
+"community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the freedom to run, "
+"copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software</b>. Thus, “"
+"free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the "
+"concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,"
+"” not as in “free beer”. We sometimes call it “"
+"libre software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for “"
+"free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software is gratis."
+msgstr ""
+"«Programari Lliure» <cite>(free software)</cite> és un afer de llibertat,
no "
+"de preu. Per a comprendre el concepte, heu de pensar en <cite>free</cite> "
+"com a lliure, «discurs lliure» <cite>(free speech)</cite> i no com a
gratuït "
+"<cite>(free beer)</cite>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With these "
+"freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control the program "
+"and what it does for them. When users don't control the program, we call it "
+"a “nonfree” or “proprietary” program. The nonfree "
+"program controls the users, and the developer controls the program; this "
+"makes the program <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important."
+"html\"> an instrument of unjust power</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "The four essential freedoms"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Free software-]{+A program+} is [-a matter of the users' freedom to run,
+# | copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely,
+# | it refers to four kinds of freedom, for-] {+free software if+} the
+# | {+program's+} users [-of-] {+have+} the [-software:-] {+four essential
+# | freedoms: <a href=\"#f1\">[1]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, "
+#| "study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to "
+#| "four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:"
+msgid ""
+"A program is free software if the program's users have the four essential "
+"freedoms: <a href=\"#f1\">[1]</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"El Programari Lliure és un afer de la llibertat del usuaris per a executar, "
+"copiar, distribuir, estudiar, canviar i millorar el programari. Més "
+"precisament, es refereix a quatre tipus de llibertat, per a usuaris de "
+"programari:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+# | The freedom to run the [-program,-] {+program as you wish,+} for any
+# | purpose (freedom 0).
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0)."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0)."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat per a executar el programa, per a qualsevol propòsit (llibertat
"
+"0)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+# | The freedom to study how the program works, and [-adapt-] {+change+} it
+# | [-to-] {+so it does+} your [-needs-] {+computing as you wish+} (freedom
+# | 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs "
+#| "(freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your "
+"computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a "
+"precondition for this."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat d'estudiar com treballa el programa, i adaptar-lo a les "
+"necessitats pròpies (llibertat 1). L'accés al codi font es una condició "
+"prèvia per a això."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+# | The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help [-your neighbor-]
+# | {+others+} (freedom 2).
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom "
+#| "2)."
+msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help others (freedom 2)."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat de redistribuir còpies per a poder ajudar als vostres veïns "
+"(llibertat 2)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+# | The freedom to [-improve the program, and release-] {+distribute copies
+# | of+} your [-improvements-] {+modified versions+} to [-the public, so
+# | that-] {+others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give+} the whole
+# | community [-benefits (freedom 3).-] {+a chance to benefit from your
+# | changes.+} Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the "
+#| "public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the "
+#| "source code is a precondition for this."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others "
+"(freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to "
+"benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for "
+"this."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat per a millorar el programa, i alliberar les vostres millores al "
+"públic, per a què tota la comunitat pugui beneficiar-se (llibertat 3). "
+"L'accés al codi font és una condició prèvia per a això."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these "
+"freedoms. Otherwise, it is nonfree. While we can distinguish various "
+"nonfree distribution schemes in terms of how far they fall short of being "
+"free, we consider them all equally unethical."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In any given scenario, these freedoms must apply to whatever code we plan to "
+"make use of, or lead others to make use of. For instance, consider a "
+"program A which automatically launches a program B to handle some cases. If "
+"we plan to distribute A as it stands, that implies users will need B, so we "
+"need to judge whether both A and B are free. However, if we plan to modify "
+"A so that it doesn't use B, only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to "
+"that plan."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A "
+"free program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, "
+"and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is no "
+"longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. You may "
+"have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have obtained "
+"copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always "
+"have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/selling.html\">sell copies</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"«Programari Lliure» no significa «no-comercial». Un programa lliure ha "
+"d'estar disponible per a ús comercial, desenvolupament comercial, i "
+"distribució comercial. El desenvolupament comercial de programari lliure ja "
+"no és inusual; aquest programari lliure comercial és molt important. Podeu
"
+"haver pagat diners per a aconseguir còpies de programari lliure, o podeu "
+"haver-les obtingut sense cap cà rrec. Però indiferentment de com s'hagin "
+"obtingut, sempre tindreu la llibertat de copiar i canviar el programari, "
+"fins i tot de <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">vendre'n còpies</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A free program must offer the four freedoms to any user that obtains a copy "
+"of the software, provided the user has complied thus far with the conditions "
+"of the free license covering the software. Putting some of the freedoms off "
+"limits to some users, or requiring that users pay, in money or in kind, to "
+"exercise them, is tantamount to not granting the freedoms in question, and "
+"thus renders the program nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The rest of this page clarifies certain points about what makes specific "
+"freedoms adequate or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "The freedom to run the program as you wish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The freedom to [-use a-] {+run the+} program means the freedom for any
+# | kind of person or organization to use it on any kind of computer system,
+# | for any kind of overall job[-,-] and {+purpose,+} without being required
+# | to communicate [-subsequently-] {+about it+} with the developer or any
+# | other specific entity. {+In this freedom, it is the <em>user's</em>
+# | purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose; you as a user
+# | are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you distribute it to
+# | someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes, but you are not
+# | entitled to impose your purposes on her.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+#| "organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+#| "overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently with "
+#| "the developer or any other specific entity."
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+"organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+"overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with "
+"the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the "
+"<em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em> purpose; "
+"you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you "
+"distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes, "
+"but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat per a usar un programa significa la llibertat per a qualsevol "
+"persona o organització per a usar-lo en qualsevol mena d'ordinador, per a "
+"qualsevol mena de treball, i sense haver-se de comunicar amb el "
+"desenvolupador ni amb cap entitat especÃfica."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to run the program as you wish means that you are not forbidden "
+"or stopped from making it run. This has nothing to do with what "
+"functionality the program has, whether it is technically capable of "
+"functioning in any given environment, or whether it is useful for any "
+"particular computing activity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "The freedom to study the source code and make changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In order for [-the-] freedoms {+1 and 3 (the freedom+} to make
+# | changes[-,-] and {+the freedom+} to publish [-improved versions,-] {+the
+# | changed versions)+} to be meaningful, you must have access to the source
+# | code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
+# | necessary condition for free software. {+Obfuscated “source
+# | code” is not real source code and does not count as source code.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved "
+#| "versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of "
+#| "the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary "
+#| "condition for free software."
+msgid ""
+"In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the freedom "
+"to publish the changed versions) to be meaningful, you must have access to "
+"the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is "
+"a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated “source "
+"code” is not real source code and does not count as source code."
+msgstr ""
+"Per a què les llibertats de fer canvis, i de publicar les versions "
+"millorades, siguin significatives, s'ha de tenir accés al codi font del "
+"programa. Per tant, l'accesibilitat del codi font és una condició necessÃ
ria "
+"per al programari lliure."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of the "
+"original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to run someone "
+"else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a practice known as "
+"“tivoization” or “lockdown”, or (in its "
+"practitioners' perverse terminology) as “secure boot” — "
+"freedom 1 becomes an empty pretense rather than a practical reality. These "
+"binaries are not free software even if the source code they are compiled "
+"from is free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free "
+"subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot "
+"merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it "
+"requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the "
+"license is too restrictive to qualify as free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter. If your "
+"right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that someone "
+"else considers an improvement, that program is not free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.
+# | Thus,-]{+Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means+} you [-should
+# | be-] {+are+} free to redistribute copies, either with or without
+# | modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a
+# | href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
+# | things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for
+# | [-permission.-] {+permission to do so.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you "
+#| "should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without "
+#| "modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to <a "
+#| "href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these "
+#| "things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for "
+#| "permission."
+msgid ""
+"Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to redistribute "
+"copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a "
+"fee for distribution, to <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">anyone anywhere</a>. "
+"Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not "
+"have to ask or pay for permission to do so."
+msgstr ""
+"Un programa és programari lliure si els usuaris tenen totes aquestes "
+"llibertats. D'aquesta manera, haurÃeu de ser lliures de redistribuir
còpies, "
+"modificades o no, de manera gratuïta o cobrant un preu per la distribució, "
+"per a <a href=\"#exportcontrol\">qualsevol a qualsevol lloc</a>. Ser lliure "
+"per a fer aquestes coses significa (entre d'altres) que no has de preguntar "
+"o pagar pel permÃs."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them "
+"privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they "
+"exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to notify "
+"anyone in particular, or in any particular way."
+msgstr ""
+"També haurÃeu de tenir la llibertat de fer modificacions i usar-les "
+"privadament a la feina o oci, sense mencionar que existeixen. I si "
+"publiquéssiu els canvis, no haurÃeu de notificar-ho a ningú en particular,
"
+"ni de cap forma en particular."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free "
+"software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in "
+"other words, it does not have to be a <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html"
+"\">copyleft</a> license. However, a license that requires modified versions "
+"to be nonfree does not qualify as a free license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms "
+"of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified "
+"versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary for "
+"conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there is no "
+"way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program (since some "
+"languages don't support that feature), but you must have the freedom to "
+"redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them."
+msgstr ""
+"La llibertat per redistribuir còpies ha d'incloure la forma binà ria o "
+"executable del programa, aixà com el codi font, per a ambdues versions, "
+"modificada i no modificada. (Distribuir programes en forma executable és "
+"necessari per a la instal·lació correcta de sistemes operatius lliures.) No
"
+"passa res si no hi ha manera de produir la forma binà ria o executable per a "
+"un cert programa (car hi ha llenguatges que no ho permeten), però cal que "
+"tinguis la llibertat de redistribuir aquestes formes en cas que trobis o "
+"desenvolupis una manera de produir-ne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Copyleft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-However, certain-]{+Certain+} kinds of rules about the manner of
+# | distributing free software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with
+# | the central freedoms. For example, <a
+# | href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> (very simply stated) is the
+# | rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to
+# | deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with
+# | the central freedoms; rather it protects them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free "
+#| "software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central "
+#| "freedoms. For example, <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> "
+#| "(very simply stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program, "
+#| "you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. "
+#| "This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects "
+#| "them."
+msgid ""
+"Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are "
+"acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For "
+"example, <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> (very simply "
+"stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add "
+"restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not "
+"conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects them."
+msgstr ""
+"Certs tipus de regles sobre la distribució de programari "
+"lliure són acceptables, quan no hi ha cap conflicte amb les llibertats "
+"centrals. Per exemple, el <a href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a> "
+"(explicat molt breument) és una regla que fa que quan redistribuïm el "
+"programa, no es poden afegir restriccions per a denegar a altra gent les "
+"llibertats centrals. Aquesta norma no crea cap conflicte amb les llibertats "
+"centrals; més aviat les protegeix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect [-these-] {+the four+}
+# | freedoms legally for everyone. [-But <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">
+# | non-copylefted free software</a> also exists.-] We believe there are
+# | important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">it is better
+# | to use [-copyleft</a>, but if your program is non-copylefted-]
+# | {+copyleft</a>. However, <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">
+# | noncopylefted+} free [-software, we can still use it.-] {+software</a> is
+# | ethical too.+} See <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of
+# | Free Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
+# | “copylefted software” and other categories of software relate
+# | to each other.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect these freedoms legally for "
+#| "everyone. But <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#Non-"
+#| "CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> non-copylefted free software</a> also exists. "
+#| "We believe there are important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+#| "pragmatic.html\">it is better to use copyleft</a>, but if your program is "
+#| "non-copylefted free software, we can still use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free Software</a> for a "
+#| "description of how “free software,” “copylefted "
+#| "software” and other categories of software relate to each other."
+msgid ""
+"In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect the four freedoms legally for "
+"everyone. We believe there are important reasons why <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"pragmatic.html\">it is better to use copyleft</a>. However, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\"> noncopylefted free "
+"software</a> is ethical too. See <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html"
+"\">Categories of Free Software</a> for a description of how “free "
+"software,” “copylefted software” and other categories of "
+"software relate to each other."
+msgstr ""
+"Al projecte GNU, fem servir el copyleft per a protegir aquestes llibertats "
+"legalment per a tothom. Però també existeix el <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">programari lliure sense "
+"copyleft</a>. Creiem que hi ha raons importants per les quals <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/pragmatic.html\">és millor fer servir el copyleft</a>, però si
el "
+"vostre programa és programari lliure sense copyleft, encara el podem fer "
+"servir. Vegeu les <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories de "
+"Programari Lliure</a> per a una descripció de com es relacionen entre si el "
+"«programari lliure», el «programari amb copyleft» i d'altres categories
de "
+"programari."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Rules about packaging and distribution details"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they
+# | don't [-effectively block-] {+substantively limit+} your freedom to
+# | release modified [-versions. Rules that “if you make the program
+# | available in this way, you must-] {+versions, or your freedom to+} make
+# | {+and use modified versions privately. Thus,+} it [-available in that way
+# | also” can be-] {+is+} acceptable [-too, on-] {+for+} the [-same
+# | condition. (Note-] {+license to require+} that [-such a rule still
+# | leaves-] you {+change+} the [-choice-] {+name+} of [-whether to publish-]
+# | the [-program-] {+modified version, remove a logo,+} or [-not.) It is
+# | also acceptable for the license-] {+identify your modifications as yours.
+# | As long as these requirements are not so burdensome that they effectively
+# | hamper you from releasing your changes, they are acceptable; you're
+# | already making other changes+} to [-require that, if-] {+the program, so+}
+# | you {+won't+} have [-distributed a modified version and a previous
+# | developer asks for-] {+trouble making+} a [-copy of it, you must send
+# | one.-] {+few more.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they "
+#| "don't effectively block your freedom to release modified versions. Rules "
+#| "that “if you make the program available in this way, you must make "
+#| "it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+#| "condition. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether "
+#| "to publish the program or not.) It is also acceptable for the license to "
+#| "require that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous "
+#| "developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one."
+msgid ""
+"Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they don't "
+"substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or your "
+"freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Thus, it is acceptable "
+"for the license to require that you change the name of the modified version, "
+"remove a logo, or identify your modifications as yours. As long as these "
+"requirements are not so burdensome that they effectively hamper you from "
+"releasing your changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other "
+"changes to the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more."
+msgstr ""
+"Ãs acceptable que s'estableixin normes per a l'empaquetatge de les versions "
+"modificades, si no bloquegen la llibertat de publicar aquestes versions "
+"modificades. Regles com «si fas que el programa sigui disponible d'aquesta "
+"manera, fes-ho també d'aquesta altra» també serien acceptables, en la "
+"mateixa condició. (Noteu que aquesta norma encara us deixa l'opció de "
+"publicar el programa o no.) També és acceptable que la llicència
requereixi "
+"que, si heu distribuït una versió modificada i el desenvolupador previ us "
+"demana una còpia, li heu d'enviar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you must "
+"make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+"condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one saying that if you "
+"have distributed a modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy "
+"of it, you must send one. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the "
+"choice of whether to distribute your version at all.) Rules that require "
+"release of source code to the users for versions that you put into public "
+"use are also acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by which "
+"the program will be invoked from other programs. That effectively hampers "
+"you from releasing your changed version so that it can replace the original "
+"when invoked by those other programs. This sort of requirement is "
+"acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing facility that allows you to "
+"specify the original program's name as an alias for the modified version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Export regulations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control
+# | regulations</a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to
+# | distribute copies of programs internationally. Software developers do not
+# | have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they
+# | can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the
+# | program. In this way, the restrictions will not affect activities and
+# | people outside the jurisdictions of these governments. {+Thus, free
+# | software licenses must not require obedience to any nontrivial export
+# | regulations as a condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</"
+#| "a> and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
+#| "programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
+#| "eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do "
+#| "is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this "
+#| "way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the "
+#| "jurisdictions of these governments."
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes government <a id=\"exportcontrol\">export control regulations</a> "
+"and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of "
+"programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to "
+"eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do is "
+"refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this way, the "
+"restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the jurisdictions "
+"of these governments. Thus, free software licenses must not require "
+"obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a condition of exercising "
+"any of the essential freedoms."
+msgstr ""
+"Alguns cops <a id=\"exportcontrol\">les regulacions de control
d'exportació</"
+"a> del govern i les sancions comercials podrien restringir la vostra "
+"llibertat per a distribuir còpies dels programes internacionalment. Els "
+"desenvolupadors de programari no tenen el poder per eliminar o saltar-se "
+"aquestes restriccions, però el que sà poden i han de fer es refusar "
+"d'imposar-les com a condicions d'ús del programa. D'aquesta manera, les "
+"restriccions no afectaran les activitats ni la gent fora de les "
+"jurisdiccions d'aquests governs."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making them a "
+"condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does not restrict "
+"users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for free software, then "
+"requiring it as a condition is not an actual problem; however, it is a "
+"potential problem, since a later change in export law could make the "
+"requirement nontrivial and thus render the software nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Legal considerations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be {+permanent and+}
+# | irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
+# | software has the power to revoke the license, {+or retroactively add
+# | restrictions to its terms,+} without your doing anything {+wrong+} to give
+# | cause, the software is not free.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as long "
+#| "as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the power "
+#| "to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give cause, the "
+#| "software is not free."
+msgid ""
+"In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and "
+"irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the "
+"software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add "
+"restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, "
+"the software is not free."
+msgstr ""
+"Per a què aquestes llibertats siguin reals, han de ser irrevocables en tant "
+"no es faci res de dolent; si el desenvolupador del programari té el poder de
"
+"revocar la llicència, sense que s'hagi donat cap motiu, el programari no és
"
+"lliure."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A free license may not require compliance with the license of a nonfree "
+"program. Thus, for instance, if a license requires you to comply with the "
+"licenses of “all the programs you use”, in the case of a user "
+"that runs nonfree programs this would require compliance with the licenses "
+"of those nonfree programs; that makes the license nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It is acceptable for a free license to specify which jurisdiction's law "
+"applies, or where litigation must be done, or both."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Contract-based licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on "
+"what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a copyright-"
+"based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is unlikely "
+"to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated (though this "
+"does happen occasionally). However, some free software licenses are based "
+"on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger range of possible "
+"restrictions. That means there are many possible ways such a license could "
+"be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+"La majoria de llicencies de programari lliure estan basades en el copyright, "
+"i hi ha lÃmits sobre quins requeriments es poden imposar a través del "
+"copyright. Si una llicencia basada en copyright respecta les llibertats "
+"descrites anteriorment, és poc probable que tingui altres tipus de problemes
"
+"que no haguem previst (tot i que això pot passar de vegades). De totes "
+"formes, algunes llicències de programari lliure es basen en contractes, i "
+"els contractes poden imposar un rang molt més gran de possibles "
+"restriccions. Això vol dir que hi ha moltes maneres per les que una "
+"llicència com aquesta sigui inacceptable i no-lliure."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We can't possibly list all the [-possible contract restrictions-] {+ways+}
+# | that [-would be unacceptable.-] {+might happen.+} If a contract-based
+# | license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses
+# | cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to
+# | think about it, and we will probably [-decide-] {+conclude+} it is nonfree.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We can't possibly list all the possible contract restrictions that would "
+#| "be unacceptable. If a contract-based license restricts the user in an "
+#| "unusual way that copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't "
+#| "mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will "
+#| "probably decide it is nonfree."
+msgid ""
+"We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based "
+"license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses "
+"cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think "
+"about it, and we will probably conclude it is nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+"Segurament no podem fer un llistat de totes les possibles restriccions de "
+"contractes que serien inacceptables. Si una llicència basada en contracte "
+"restringeix a l'usuari d'una forma inusual que les llicències basades en "
+"copyright no poden, i que no es menciona aquà com a legÃtima, haurÃem de "
+"pensar sobre el tema, i probablement decidirÃem que és no-lliure."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Use the right words when talking about free software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like
+# | “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
+# | imply that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
+# | as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words and Phrases that
+# | are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a
+# | list of {+proper+} <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of “free
+# | software”</a> into various languages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like "
+#| "“give away” or “for free,” because those terms "
+#| "imply that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such "
+#| "as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See "
+#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words and Phrases "
+#| "that are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have "
+#| "a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of "
+#| "“free software”</a> into various languages."
+msgid ""
+"When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like "
+"“give away” or “for free,” because those terms imply "
+"that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as "
+"“piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">Confusing Words and Phrases that are "
+"Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of "
+"proper <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations of “"
+"free software”</a> into various languages."
+msgstr ""
+"Quan parlem de programari lliure, és millor evitar termes com «donar» o "
+"«gratuït», perquè aquests termes impliquen que parlem de preus, no de "
+"llibertat. Alguns termes comuns com «pirateria» engloben opinions que "
+"esperem que no aprovarÃeu. Vegeu a <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"
+"\">Frases i Paraules Confuses que cal Evitar</a> una discussió d'aquests "
+"termes. També disposem d'una llista de <a
href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations."
+"html\">traduccions de «free software»</a> a d'altres idiomes."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "How we interpret these criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software "
+"definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide "
+"whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, we "
+"judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their spirit "
+"as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable "
+"restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue in these "
+"criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue that calls for "
+"extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer, before we can decide "
+"if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach a conclusion about a new "
+"issue, we often update these criteria to make it easier to see why certain "
+"licenses do or don't qualify."
+msgstr ""
+"Finalment, fixeu-vos que els criteris com aquests explicats en aquesta "
+"definició de programari lliure requereixen una anà lisi acurada per a la
seva "
+"interpretació. Per a decidir si una llicència de programari especÃfica es "
+"podria qualificar com a llicència de programari lliure, nosaltres jutgem "
+"basant-nos en aquests criteris per a determinar si encaixa tant en l'esperit "
+"com en les paraules precises. Si una llicència inclou restriccions injustes,
"
+"la refusarem, encara que no haguéssim anticipat la decisió dins d'aquests "
+"criteris. Alguns cops un requeriment de llicència provoca una decisió que "
+"implica una anà lisi extensa, fins i tot discussions amb advocats, abans de "
+"poder decidir si el requeriment és acceptable. Quan arribem a una
conclusió, "
+"sovint actualitzem aquests criteris per a fer més fà cil el veure per què "
+"certes llicències poden ser qualificades de programari lliure i d'altres no."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Get help with free licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free "
+"software license, see our <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">list of "
+"licenses</a>. If the license you are concerned with is not listed there, "
+"you can ask us about it by sending us email at <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Si esteu interessats en saber si alguna llicència en concret és programari "
+"lliure, vegeu la nostra <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">llista de "
+"llicències</a>. Si la llicència que busqueu no hi apareix, podeu preguntar-"
+"nos enviant un correu electrònic a <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the Free "
+"Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The proliferation of "
+"different free software licenses means increased work for users in "
+"understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing free "
+"software license that meets your needs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our help you "
+"can ensure that the license really is a free software license and avoid "
+"various practical problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Beyond Software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Software manuals must be free</a>, for "
+"the same reasons that software must be free, and because the manuals are in "
+"effect part of the software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of practical use "
+"— that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge, such as "
+"educational works and reference works. <a href=\"http://wikipedia.org";
+"\">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software "
+"has been extended to a definition of <a href=\"http://freedomdefined.org/\";> "
+"free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Open Source?"
+msgstr "Codi obert?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Another group [-has started using-] {+uses+} the term “open
+# | source” to mean something close (but not identical) to “free
+# | software”. We prefer the term “free software” because,
+# | once you have heard {+that+} it refers to freedom rather than price, it
+# | calls to mind freedom. The word “open” <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never refers to
+# | freedom</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Another group has started using the term “open source” to "
+#| "mean something close (but not identical) to “free software”. "
+#| "We prefer the term “free software” because, once you have "
+#| "heard it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. "
+#| "The word “open” <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+#| "point.html\"> never refers to freedom</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Another group uses the term “open source” to mean something "
+"close (but not identical) to “free software”. We prefer the "
+"term “free software” because, once you have heard that it refers "
+"to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The word “"
+"open” <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never "
+"refers to freedom</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Un altre grup ha començat a fer servir el terme <cite>open source</"
+"cite> (codi obert) per a voler dir quelcom semblant (però no idèntic) a "
+"<cite>free software</cite> (programari lliure). Nosaltres preferim el terme "
+"«programari lliure» perquè, un cop heu escoltat que es refereix a
llibertat "
+"més que a preu, invita a pensar en la llibertat. La paraula «obert» <a
href="
+"\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">mai fa referència a la "
+"llibertat</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "History"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition. Here is the list "
+"of substantive changes, along with links to show exactly what was changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.162&r2=1.163\">Version 1.163</a>: Clarify that the "
+"four freedoms apply to any and all users, and that requiring users to pay to "
+"exercise some of these freedoms is a way of denying them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153\">Version 1.153</a>: Clarify that freedom "
+"to run the program means nothing stops you from making it run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141\">Version 1.141</a>: Clarify which code "
+"needs to be free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135\">Version 1.135</a>: Say each time that "
+"freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program as you wish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134\">Version 1.134</a>: Freedom 0 is not a "
+"matter of the program's functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131\">Version 1.131</a>: A free license may "
+"not require compliance with a nonfree license of another program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129\">Version 1.129</a>: State explicitly "
+"that choice of law and choice of forum specifications are allowed. (This "
+"was always our policy.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122\">Version 1.122</a>: An export control "
+"requirement is a real problem if the requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it "
+"is only a potential problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118\">Version 1.118</a>: Clarification: the "
+"issue is limits on your right to modify, not on what modifications you have "
+"made. And modifications are not limited to “improvements”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111\">Version 1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by "
+"saying that only retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The "
+"copyright holders can always grant additional <em>permission</em> for use of "
+"the work by releasing the work in another way in parallel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105\">Version 1.105</a>: Reflect, in the "
+"brief statement of freedom 1, the point (already stated in version 1.80) "
+"that it includes really using your modified version for your computing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92\">Version 1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated "
+"code does not qualify as source code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90\">Version 1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 "
+"means the right to distribute copies of your own modified or improved "
+"version, not a right to participate in someone else's development project."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89\">Version 1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the "
+"right to release modified versions as free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80\">Version 1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be "
+"practical, not just theoretical; i.e., no tivoization."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77\">Version 1.77</a>: Clarify that all "
+"retroactive changes to the license are unacceptable, even if it's not "
+"described as a complete replacement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74\">Version 1.74</a>: Four clarifications of "
+"points not explicit enough, or stated in some places but not reflected "
+"everywhere:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"\"Improvements\" does not mean the license can substantively limit what "
+"kinds of modified versions you can release. Freedom 3 includes distributing "
+"modified versions, not just changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The right to merge in existing modules refers to those that are suitably "
+"licensed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid "Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid "Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57\">Version 1.57</a>: Add "Beyond "
+"Software" section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46\">Version 1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose "
+"is significant in the freedom to run the program for any purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41\">Version 1.41</a>: Clarify wording about "
+"contract-based licenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40\">Version 1.40</a>: Explain that a free "
+"license must allow to you use other available free software to create your "
+"modifications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39\">Version 1.39</a>: Note that it is "
+"acceptable for a license to require you to provide source for versions of "
+"the software you put into public use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31\">Version 1.31</a>: Note that it is "
+"acceptable for a license to require you to identify yourself as the author "
+"of modifications. Other minor clarifications throughout the text."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23\">Version 1.23</a>: Address potential "
+"problems related to contract-based licenses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16\">Version 1.16</a>: Explain why "
+"distribution of binaries is important."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?";
+"root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11\">Version 1.11</a>: Note that a free "
+"license may require you to send a copy of versions you distribute to "
+"previous developers on request."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are gaps in the version numbers shown above because there are other "
+"changes in this page that do not affect the definition or its "
+"interpretations. For instance, the list does not include changes in asides, "
+"formatting, spelling, punctuation, or other parts of the page. You can "
+"review the complete list of changes to the page through the <a href=\"http://";
+"web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&"
+"view=log\">cvsweb interface</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The reason they are numbered 0, 1, 2 and 3 is historical. Around 1990 there "
+"were three freedoms, numbered 1, 2 and 3. Then we realized that the freedom "
+"to run the program needed to be mentioned explicitly. It was clearly more "
+"basic than the other three, so it properly should precede them. Rather than "
+"renumber the others, we made it freedom 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Envieu si us plau les vostres preguntes sobre la FSF i GNU a <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. També hi ha <a
href=\"/"
+"contact/contact.html\">altres formes de contactar</a> amb la FSF. Envieu els "
+"enllaços trencats i altres correccions o suggeriments a <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Vegeu la <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Guia de "
+"traducció</a> per informar-vos sobre la coordinació i publicació de les "
+"traduccions d'aquest article. <br />Contacteu amb l'<a href=\"/server/"
+"standards/translations/ca/\">Equip de traducció</a> per col·laborar en la "
+"traducció al català del web de GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1996, 2002, [-2004-] {+2004-2007, 2009-2019+} Free
+# | Software Foundation, Inc.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019 Free Software Foundation, "
+"Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquesta pà gina es troba sota la <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ca\">Llicència Creative Commons "
+"Reconeixement-SenseObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Traducció: Simó Albert i Beltran, 8 de maig de 2004<br />\n"
+"Darrera revisió: <a href=\"http://www.puigpe.org/\";>puigpe</a>, 31 de "
+"març de 2007"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Updated:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must be "
+#~ "true about a particular software program for it to be considered free "
+#~ "software."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Mantenim aquesta definició del programari lliure per a mostrar clarament "
+#~ "com ha de ser un determinat programa per a poder ser considerat "
+#~ "programari lliure."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To "
+#~ "understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in "
+#~ "“free speech,” not as in “free beer.”"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ ""Programari Lliure" (Free software) és un afer de llibertat, no
"
+#~ "de preu. Per a comprendre el concepte, heu de pensar en "free" "
+#~ "com a lliure, "discurs lliure" (free speech) i no com a gratuït
"
+#~ "(free beer)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, "
+#~ "study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it refers to "
+#~ "four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "El Programari Lliure és un afer de la llibertat del usuaris per a "
+#~ "executar, copiar, distribuir, estudiar, canviar i millorar el programari. "
+#~ "Més precisament, es refereix a quatre tipus de llibertat, per a usuaris "
+#~ "de programari:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of person or "
+#~ "organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of "
+#~ "overall job, and without being required to communicate subsequently with "
+#~ "the developer or any other specific entity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La llibertat per a usar un programa significa la llibertat per a "
+#~ "qualsevol persona o organització per a usar-lo en qualsevol mena "
+#~ "d'ordinador, per a qualsevol mena de treball, i sense haver-se de "
+#~ "comunicar amb el desenvolupador ni amb cap entitat especÃfica."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they "
+#~ "don't effectively block your freedom to release modified versions. Rules "
+#~ "that “if you make the program available in this way, you must make "
+#~ "it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same "
+#~ "condition. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of whether "
+#~ "to publish the program or not.) It is also acceptable for the license to "
+#~ "require that, if you have distributed a modified version and a previous "
+#~ "developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "és acceptable que s'estableixin normes per a l'empaquetatge de les "
+#~ "versions modificades, si no bloquegen la llibertat de publicar aquestes "
+#~ "versions modificades. Regles com "si fas que el programa sigui "
+#~ "disponible d'aquesta manera, fes-ho també d'aquesta altra" també "
+#~ "serien acceptables, en la mateixa condició. (Noteu que aquesta norma "
+#~ "encara us deixa l'opció de publicar el programa o no.) També és "
+#~ "acceptable que la llicència requereixi que, si heu distribuït una
versió "
+#~ "modificada i el desenvolupador previ us demana una còpia, li heu
d'enviar."
Index: words-to-avoid.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: words-to-avoid.ca.po
diff -N words-to-avoid.ca.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ words-to-avoid.ca.po 13 May 2019 16:57:16 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2622 @@
+# Catalan translation of https://philosophy/words-to-avoid.html
+# Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original page.
+# Miquel Puigpelat, 2006.
+# May 2019: GNUNify.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: words-to-avoid.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-16 15:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
+"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: web-translators <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2006-08-05 05:13+0000\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+# | [-Confusing-]Words [-and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding-] {+to Avoid (or
+# | Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing+} - GNU Project - Free
+# | Software Foundation
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free "
+#| "Software Foundation"
+msgid ""
+"Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing - GNU "
+"Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Algunes paraules i frases confuses que convé evitar - Projecte GNU - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+# | [-Confusing-]Words [-and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding-] {+to Avoid (or
+# | Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding"
+msgid "Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing"
+msgstr "Algunes paraules i frases confuses que convé evitar"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | There are a number of words and phrases [-which-] {+that+} we recommend
+# | avoiding, or avoiding in certain contexts and usages. [-The reason is
+# | either that they-] {+Some+} are ambiguous[-,-] or {+misleading; others
+# | presuppose a viewpoint+} that [-they imply an opinion that-] {+we disagree
+# | with, and+} we hope you [-may not entirely agree with.-] {+disagree with
+# | it too.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There are a number of words and phrases which we recommend avoiding, or "
+#| "avoiding in certain contexts and usages. The reason is either that they "
+#| "are ambiguous, or that they imply an opinion that we hope you may not "
+#| "entirely agree with."
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of words and phrases that we recommend avoiding, or "
+"avoiding in certain contexts and usages. Some are ambiguous or misleading; "
+"others presuppose a viewpoint that we disagree with, and we hope you "
+"disagree with it too."
+msgstr ""
+"Hi ha un cert nombre de paraules i frases que recomanem evitar, ja sigui en "
+"general o bé en certs contexts i usos. La raó és que són ambigües o que "
+"impliquen una opinió que esperem que no compartiu del tot."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+# | Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free
+# | [-Software</a>.-] {+Software</a>, <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\">Why Call It The
+# | Swindle?</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free "
+#| "Software</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free "
+"Software</a>, <a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html\">Why Call "
+"It The Swindle?</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Vegeu també <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories de Programari
"
+"Lliure</a>."
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-START
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Ad-blocker\">Ad-blocker</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Access\">Access</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Alternative\">Alternative</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Assets\">Assets</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#BSD-style\">BSD-style</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#BSD-style\"><!--BSD-->Estil BSD</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Closed\">Closed</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Closed\">Tancat</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#CloudComputing\">Cloud Computing</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Commercial\">Commercial</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Commercial\">Comercial</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Compensation\">Compensation</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Consume\">Consume</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Consumer\">Consumer</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Consumer\">Consumidor</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Content\">Content</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Content\">Contingut</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#CopyrightOwner\">Copyright Owner</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“<a href=\"#CreativeCommonsLicensed\">Creative Commons licensed</"
+"a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Creator\">Creator</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Creator\">Creador</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#DigitalGoods\">Digital Goods</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#DigitalLocks\">Digital Locks</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement\">Digital Rights Management</"
+"a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+"«<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement\">Gestió de Drets "
+"Digitals</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#FLOSS\">FLOSS</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#ForFree\">For free</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#ForFree\">De franc</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#FOSS\">FOSS</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#FreelyAvailable\">Freely available</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Freeware\">Freeware</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Freeware\">Software gratuït</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\">Regalar programari</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Google\">Google</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Hacker\">Hacker</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“<a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual property</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+"«<a
href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">Propietat Intel·lectual</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#InternetofThings\">Internet of Things</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#LAMP\">LAMP system</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Linux\">Linux system</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Market\">Market</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Market\">Mercat</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Monetize\">Monetize</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#MP3Player\">MP3 player</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Open\">Open</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Open\">Obert</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#PC\">PC</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Photoshop\">Photoshop</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Piracy\">Piracy</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Piracy\">Pirateria</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#PowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Product\">Product</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Protection\">Protection</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Protection\">Protecció</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#RAND\">RAND</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#RAND\">RAND</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#SaaS\">SaaS</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#SellSoftware\">Sell software</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#SellSoftware\">Vendre programari</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“<a href=\"#SharingPersonalData\">Sharing (personal data)</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#SharingEconomy\">Sharing economy</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Skype\">Skype</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#SoftwareIndustry\">Software Industry</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+"«<a
href=\"#SoftwareIndustry\">Indústria del Programari</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#SourceModel\">Source model</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. #if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /^.(es)$/"
+#. TRANSLATORS: translate if this word is used often in your
+#. language to refer to mobile computers; otherwise,
+#. fill the translation with a space.
+#. GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Terminal\">Terminal</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-END-KEY
+#. #endif
+#.
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Theft\">Theft</a>” |"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Theft\">Robatori</a>» |"
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#TrustedComputing\">Trusted Computing</a>” |"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "“<a href=\"#Vendor\">Vendor</a>”"
+msgstr "«<a href=\"#Vendor\">Venedor</a>»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Ad-blocker”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the purpose of some program is to block advertisements, “ad-"
+"blocker” is a good term for it. However, the GNU browser IceCat "
+"blocks advertisements that track the user as consequence of broader measures "
+"to prevent surveillance by web sites. This is not an “ad-blocker,"
+"” this is <em>surveillance protection</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Access”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is a common misunderstanding to think free software means that the public "
+"has “access” to a program. That is not what free software means."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">criterion for free software</a> is "
+"not about who has “access” to the program; the four essential "
+"freedoms concern what a user that has a copy of the program is allowed to do "
+"with it. For instance, freedom 2 says that that user is free to make "
+"another copy and give or sell it to you. But no user is <em>obligated</em> "
+"to do that for you; you do not have a <em>right</em> to demand a copy of "
+"that program from any user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In particular, if you write a program yourself and never offer a copy to "
+"anyone else, that program is free software albeit in a trivial way, because "
+"every user that has a copy has the four essential freedoms (since the only "
+"such user is you)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In practice, when many users have copies of a program, someone is sure to "
+"post it on the internet, giving everyone access to it. We think people "
+"ought to do that, if the program is useful. But that isn't a requirement of "
+"free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is one specific point in which a question of having access is directly "
+"pertinent to free software: the GNU GPL permits giving a particular user "
+"access to download a program's source code as a substitute for physically "
+"giving that user a copy of the source. This applies to the special case in "
+"which the user already has a copy of the program in non-source form."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Instead of <b>with free software, the public has access to the program</b>, "
+"we say, <b>with free software, the users have the essential freedoms</b> and "
+"<b>with free software, the users have control of what the program does for "
+"them</b>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Alternative”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't describe free software as an “alternative” to "
+"proprietary, because that word presumes all the “alternatives” "
+"are legitimate and each additional one makes users better off. In effect, "
+"it assumes that free software ought to coexist with software that does not "
+"respect users' freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We believe that distribution as free software is the only ethical way to "
+"make software available for others to use. The other methods, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">nonfree software</a> and "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Service as a "
+"Software Substitute</a> subjugate their users. We do not think it is good "
+"to offer users those “alternatives” to free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Assets”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To refer to published works as “assets”, or “digital "
+"assets”, is even worse than calling them <a href=\"#Content\">“"
+"content”</a> — it presumes they have no value to society except "
+"commercial value."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“BSD-style”"
+msgstr "«<!--BSD-->Estil BSD»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The expression “BSD-style license” leads to confusion because it "
+"<a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have important "
+"differences</a>. For instance, the original BSD license with the "
+"advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU General Public License, but "
+"the revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"L'expressió «Llicència estil BSD» porta a confusió perquè <a href=\"/"
+"licenses/bsd.html\"> agrupa llicències que tenen diferències
importants</a>. "
+"Per exemple, la llicència BSD original amb la clà usula de publicitat és "
+"incompatible amb la Llicència Pública General de GNU, però la llicència
BSD "
+"revisada és compatible amb la llicència GPL."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, it is best to name <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html"
+"\"> the specific license in question</a> and avoid the vague term “BSD-"
+"style.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Per evitar confusions, és millor citar <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html"
+"\"> la llicència especÃfica en qüestió</a> i evitar la imprecisa
expressió "
+"«Estil BSD«."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Closed”"
+msgstr "«Tancat»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Describing nonfree software as “closed” clearly refers to the
+# | term “open [-source”.-] {+source.”+} In the free
+# | software movement, <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we {+do not+} want
+# | to [-avoid being-] {+be+} confused with the [-more recent-] open source
+# | [-movement</a>,-] {+camp</a>,+} so we are careful to avoid [-usage-]
+# | {+saying things+} that would encourage people to lump us in with them.
+# | [-Therefore,-] {+For instance,+} we avoid describing nonfree software as
+# | “closed.” We call it “nonfree” or <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">
+# | “proprietary”</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Describing nonfree software as “closed” clearly refers to the "
+#| "term “open source”. In the free software movement, <a href="
+#| "\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we want to avoid being "
+#| "confused with the more recent open source movement</a>, so we are careful "
+#| "to avoid usage that would encourage people to lump us in with them. "
+#| "Therefore, we avoid describing nonfree software as “closed.” "
+#| "We call it “nonfree” or <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+#| "html#ProprietarySoftware\"> “proprietary”</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Describing nonfree software as “closed” clearly refers to the "
+"term “open source.” In the free software movement, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we do not want to be "
+"confused with the open source camp</a>, so we are careful to avoid saying "
+"things that would encourage people to lump us in with them. For instance, "
+"we avoid describing nonfree software as “closed.” We call it "
+"“nonfree” or <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\"> “proprietary”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Descriure el programari no lliure com a «tancat» clarament es refereix al "
+"terme «codi obert». En el moviment del programari lliure <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">volem evitar ser confosos amb "
+"el més recent moviment del codi obert</a>, i per això procurem evitar un
ús "
+"que podria portar la gent a agrupar-nos amb ells. Per aquesta raó evitem "
+"descriure el programari no lliure com a «tancat». L'anomenem «no lliure»
o "
+"«<a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">patentat</a>»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Cloud Computing”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “cloud computing” (or just “cloud”, in the "
+"context of computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning. It "
+"is used for a range of different activities whose only common characteristic "
+"is that they use the Internet for something beyond transmitting files. "
+"Thus, the term spreads confusion. If you base your thinking on it, your "
+"thinking will be confused (or, could we say, “cloudy”?)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else has made using "
+"this term, the first step is to clarify the topic. What scenario is the "
+"statement about? What is a good, clear term for that scenario? Once the "
+"topic is clearly formulated, coherent thought about it becomes possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the many meanings of “cloud computing” is storing your "
+"data in online services. In most scenarios, that is foolish because it "
+"exposes you to <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/apr/25/";
+"hackers-spooks-cloud-antiauthoritarian-dream\">surveillance</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another meaning (which overlaps that but is not the same thing) is <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\"> Service as a "
+"Software Substitute</a>, which denies you control over your computing. You "
+"should never use SaaSS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another meaning is renting a remote physical server, or virtual server. "
+"These practices are ok under certain circumstances."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another meaning is accessing your own server from your own mobile device. "
+"That raises no particular ethical issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final\";> "
+"NIST definition of \"cloud computing\"</a> mentions three scenarios that "
+"raise different ethical issues: Software as a Service, Platform as a "
+"Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. However, that definition does not "
+"match the common use of “cloud computing”, since it does not "
+"include storing data in online services. Software as a Service as defined "
+"by NIST overlaps considerably with Service as a Software Substitute, which "
+"mistreats the user, but the two concepts are not equivalent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These different computing practices don't even belong in the same "
+"discussion. The best way to avoid the confusion the term “cloud "
+"computing” spreads is not to use the term “cloud” in "
+"connection with computing. Talk about the scenario you mean, and call it by "
+"a specific term."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a href="
+"\"http://www.cnet.com/news/oracles-ellison-nails-cloud-computing/\";> noted "
+"the vacuity of the term “cloud computing.”</a> He decided to use "
+"the term anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he isn't "
+"motivated by the same ideals as we are."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Commercial”"
+msgstr "«Comercial»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use “commercial” as a synonym for “nonfree."
+"” That confuses two entirely different issues."
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, no utilitzeu «comercial» com a sinònim de «no lliure». Això
"
+"seria confondre dos temes totalment diferents."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity. A
+# | commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its [-license.-]
+# | {+manner of distribution.+} Likewise, a program developed by a school or
+# | an individual can be free or nonfree, depending on its [-license.-]
+# | {+manner of distribution.+} The two questions—what sort of entity
+# | developed the program and what freedom its users have—are
+# | independent.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity. A "
+#| "commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its license. "
+#| "Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual can be free or "
+#| "nonfree, depending on its license. The two questions—what sort of "
+#| "entity developed the program and what freedom its users have—are "
+#| "independent."
+msgid ""
+"A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity. A "
+"commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of "
+"distribution. Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual "
+"can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of distribution. The two "
+"questions—what sort of entity developed the program and what freedom "
+"its users have—are independent."
+msgstr ""
+"Un programa és comercial si el seu desenvolupament és un negoci. Un
programa "
+"comercial pot ser lliure o no lliure, depenent de la seva llicència. De la "
+"mateixa manera, un programa desenvolupat per una escola o un individu pot "
+"ser lliure o no lliure, depenent de la seva llicència. Les dues qüestions "
+"(quina classe d'entitat va desenvolupar el programa i quina llibertat tenen "
+"els seus usuaris) són independents."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the first decade of the free software movement, free software packages "
+"were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux operating "
+"system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit organizations such as "
+"the FSF and universities. Later, in the 1990s, free commercial software "
+"started to appear."
+msgstr ""
+"Durant la primera dècada del moviment del programari lliure, els paquets de "
+"programes lliures eren gairebé sempre no comercials; els components del "
+"sistema operatiu GNU/Linux eren desenvolupats per individus o per "
+"organitzacions sense afany de lucre, com la FSF i les universitats. Més "
+"tard, durant els anys 90, va començar a aparèixer el programari lliure "
+"comercial."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
+"encourage it. But people who think that “commercial” means "
+"“nonfree” will tend to think that the “free "
+"commercial” combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the "
+"possibility. Let's be careful not to use the word “commercial” "
+"in that way."
+msgstr ""
+"El programari lliure comercial és una contribució a la nostra comunitat, de
"
+"manera que l'haurÃem de fomentar. Però la gent que pensa que «comercial» "
+"significa «no lliure» tendirà a pensar que la combinació «programari
lliure "
+"comercial» és contradictòria, i en negarà la possibilitat. Tinguem cura
de "
+"no utilitzar la paraula «comercial» d'aquesta manera."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Compensation”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To speak of “compensation for authors” in connection with "
+"copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the sake of "
+"authors and (2) whenever we read something, we take on a debt to the author "
+"which we must then repay. The first assumption is simply <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\">false</a>, and the second is "
+"outrageous."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Compensating the rights-holders” adds a further swindle: you're "
+"supposed to imagine that means paying the authors, and occasionally it does, "
+"but most of the time it means a subsidy for the same publishing companies "
+"that are pushing unjust laws on us."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Consume”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Consume” refers to what we do with food: we ingest it, after "
+"which the food as such no longer exists. By analogy, we employ the same "
+"word for other products whose use <em>uses them up</em>. Applying it to "
+"durable goods, such as clothing or appliances, is a stretch. Applying it to "
+"published works (programs, recordings on a disk or in a file, books on paper "
+"or in a file), whose nature is to last indefinitely and which can be run, "
+"played or read any number of times, is stretching the word so far that it "
+"snaps. Playing a recording, or running a program, does not consume it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those who use “consume” in this context will say they don't mean "
+"it literally. What, then, does it mean? It means to regard copies of "
+"software and other works from a narrow economistic point of view. “"
+"Consume” is associated with the economics of material commodities, "
+"such as the fuel or electricity that a car uses up. Gasoline is a "
+"commodity, and so is electricity. Commodities are <em>fungible</em>: there "
+"is nothing special about a drop of gasoline that your car burns today versus "
+"another drop that it burned last week."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What does it mean to think of works of authorship as a commodity, with the "
+"assumption that there is nothing special about any one story, article, "
+"program, or song? That is the twisted viewpoint of the owner or the "
+"accountant of a publishing company. It is no surprise that proprietary "
+"software would like you to think of the use of software as a commodity. "
+"Their twisted viewpoint comes through clearly in <a href=\"http://www.";
+"businessinsider.com/former-google-exec-launches-sourcepoint-with-10-million-"
+"series-a-funding-2015-6\">this article</a>, which also refers to "
+"publications as “<a href=\"#Content\">content</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The narrow thinking associated with the idea that we “consume "
+"content” paves the way for laws such as the DMCA that forbid users to "
+"break the <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";>Digital Restrictions "
+"Management</a> (DRM) facilities in digital devices. If users think what "
+"they do with these devices is “consume,” they may see such "
+"restrictions as natural."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It also encourages the acceptance of “streaming” services, which "
+"use DRM to perversely limit listening to music, or watching video, to "
+"squeeze those activities into the assumptions of the word “consume."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Why is this perverse usage spreading? Some may feel that the term sounds "
+"sophisticated, but rejecting it with cogent reasons can appear even more "
+"sophisticated. Some want to generalize about all kinds of media, but the "
+"usual English verbs (“read,” “listen to,” “"
+"watch”) don't do this. Others may be acting from business interests "
+"(their own, or their employers'). Their use of the term in prestigious "
+"forums gives the impression that it's the “correct” term."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To speak of “consuming” music, fiction, or any other artistic "
+"works is to treat them as commodities rather than as art. Do we want to "
+"think of published works that way? Do we want to encourage the public to do "
+"so?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those who answer no, please join me in shunning the term “"
+"consume” for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What to use instead? You can use specific verbs such as “read,” "
+"“listen to,” “watch” or “look at,” since "
+"they help to restrain the tendency to overgeneralize."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you insist on generalizing, you can use the expression “attend to,"
+"” which requires less of a stretch than “consume.” For a "
+"work meant for practical use, “use” is best."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "See also the following entry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Consumer”"
+msgstr "«Consumidor»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term “consumer,” when used to refer to the users of
+# | computing, is loaded with assumptions we should
+# | [-reject.</p>\n<p>\nEconomic theory uses-] {+reject. Some come from+} the
+# | [-terms “producer” and “consumer”. In-] {+idea+}
+# | that [-context these words are appropriate. But describing-] {+using+}
+# | the [-users of software as “consumers” presumes a narrow role
+# | for them. It treats them like cattle that passively graze on what others
+# | make available-] {+program “consumes” the program (see <a
+# | href=\"#Consume\">the previous entry</a>), which leads people+} to
+# | [-them.-] {+impose on copiable digital works the economic conclusions that
+# | were drawn about uncopiable material products.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “consumer,” when used to refer to the users of "
+#| "computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject.</p>\n"
+#| "<p>\n"
+#| "Economic theory uses the terms “producer” and “"
+#| "consumer”. In that context these words are appropriate. But "
+#| "describing the users of software as “consumers” presumes a "
+#| "narrow role for them. It treats them like cattle that passively graze on "
+#| "what others make available to them."
+msgid ""
+"The term “consumer,” when used to refer to the users of "
+"computing, is loaded with assumptions we should reject. Some come from the "
+"idea that using the program “consumes” the program (see <a href="
+"\"#Consume\">the previous entry</a>), which leads people to impose on "
+"copiable digital works the economic conclusions that were drawn about "
+"uncopiable material products."
+msgstr ""
+"El terme «consumidor», quan s'utilitza per referir-se a usuaris "
+"d'ordinadors, comporta suposicions desafortunades.</p>\n"
+"<p>\n"
+"La teoria econòmica utilitza els termes «productor» i «consumidor». En "
+"aquest context aquestes paraules són apropiades. Però qualificar els
usuaris "
+"de programari de «consumidors» suposa assignar-los un paper molt limitat.
Ãs "
+"com dir que són un bestiar que pastura passivament en un camp que altres han
"
+"posat a la seva disposició."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA
+# | “Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act”
+# | which would require copying restriction facilities in every digital
+# | device. If all-]{+In addition, describing+} the users [-do is
+# | “consume”, then why should they mind?</p>\n<p>\nThe narrow
+# | economic vision-] of [-users-] {+software+} as “consumers”
+# | [-tends-] {+refers+} to [-go hand-] {+a framing+} in [-hand with-] {+which
+# | people are limited to selecting between whatever “products”
+# | are available in the “market.” There is no room in this
+# | framing for+} the idea that [-published works are “content”.-]
+# | {+users can <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">directly
+# | exercise control over what a program does</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA “Consumer "
+#| "Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act” which would require "
+#| "copying restriction facilities in every digital device. If all the users "
+#| "do is “consume”, then why should they mind?</p>\n"
+#| "<p>\n"
+#| "The narrow economic vision of users as “consumers” tends to "
+#| "go hand in hand with the idea that published works are “"
+#| "content”."
+msgid ""
+"In addition, describing the users of software as “consumers” "
+"refers to a framing in which people are limited to selecting between "
+"whatever “products” are available in the “market.” "
+"There is no room in this framing for the idea that users can <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">directly exercise "
+"control over what a program does</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquesta manera de pensar condueix a paròdies com la CBDTPA (Acta de
Promoció "
+"de la Televisió Digital i la Banda Ampla per al Consumidor) que exigiria "
+"mecanismes de restricció de còpia en cada aparell digital. Si tot el que
els "
+"usuaris fan és «consumir», per què els hauria d'importar?</p>\n"
+"<p>\n"
+"L'estreta visió econòmica dels usuaris com a «consumidors» sol anar
lligada "
+"amb la idea que les obres publicades són «continguts»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | To describe people who are not limited to passive [-consumption on their
+# | computers,-] {+use of works,+} we suggest terms such as
+# | “individuals” and [-“citizens.”-]
+# | {+“citizens,” rather than “consumers.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To describe people who are not limited to passive consumption on their "
+#| "computers, we suggest terms such as “individuals” and “"
+#| "citizens.”"
+msgid ""
+"To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest "
+"terms such as “individuals” and “citizens,” rather "
+"than “consumers.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Per descriure persones que no es limiten a consumir passivament amb als seus "
+"ordinadors, suggerim termes com «individus» i «ciutadans»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This problem with the word “consumer” has been <a href=\"http://";
+"www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/11/capitalism-language-raymond-"
+"williams\">noted before</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Content”"
+msgstr "«Contingut»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all
+# | means say you are [-“content”,-] {+“content,”+}
+# | but using [-it-] {+the word+} as a noun to describe [-written-]
+# | {+publications+} and [-other-] works of authorship [-is worth avoiding.
+# | That usage-] adopts [-a specific attitude towards those works: that they
+# | are-] an [-interchangeable-] {+attitude you might rather avoid: it treats
+# | them as a+} commodity whose purpose is to fill a box and make money. In
+# | effect, it [-treats-] {+disparages+} the works [-themselves-]
+# | {+themselves. If you don't agree+} with [-disrespect.-] {+that attitude,
+# | you can call them “works” or “publications.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all "
+#| "means say you are “content”, but using it as a noun to "
+#| "describe written and other works of authorship is worth avoiding. That "
+#| "usage adopts a specific attitude towards those works: that they are an "
+#| "interchangeable commodity whose purpose is to fill a box and make money. "
+#| "In effect, it treats the works themselves with disrespect."
+msgid ""
+"If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all means "
+"say you are “content,” but using the word as a noun to describe "
+"publications and works of authorship adopts an attitude you might rather "
+"avoid: it treats them as a commodity whose purpose is to fill a box and make "
+"money. In effect, it disparages the works themselves. If you don't agree "
+"with that attitude, you can call them “works” or “"
+"publications.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Per a descriure una sensació de comoditat i satisfacció, hom pot dir que "
+"està <cite>content</cite> (N. del T.: en anglès, <cite>content</cite> vol "
+"dir «contingut» i «satisfet»), però cal evitar l'ús d'aquesta paraula
com a "
+"substantiu per a descriure textos o altres obres d'autor. Aquest ús adopta "
+"una actitud especÃfica respecte a aquestes obres: les considera una "
+"mercaderia intercanviable el propòsit del qual és omplir una capsa i
guanyar "
+"diners. De fet, tracta a les obres sense cap mena de respecte."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Those who use [-this-] {+the+} term {+“content”+} are often
+# | the publishers that push for increased copyright power in the name of the
+# | authors (“creators,” as they say) of the works. The term
+# | “content” reveals [-what they really feel.-] {+their real
+# | attitude towards these works and their authors. This was also recognized
+# | by Tom Chatfield <a
+# |
href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/aug/02/how-to-deal-with-trump-trolls-online\";>in
+# | the Guardian</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for increased "
+#| "copyright power in the name of the authors (“creators,” as "
+#| "they say) of the works. The term “content” reveals what they "
+#| "really feel."
+msgid ""
+"Those who use the term “content” are often the publishers that "
+"push for increased copyright power in the name of the authors (“"
+"creators,” as they say) of the works. The term “content” "
+"reveals their real attitude towards these works and their authors. This was "
+"also recognized by Tom Chatfield <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"culture/2016/aug/02/how-to-deal-with-trump-trolls-online\">in the Guardian</"
+"a>:"
+msgstr ""
+"Els que utilitzen aquest terme són sovint els editors que pressionen per "
+"augmentar el poder del copyright en nom dels autors («creadors», com en "
+"diuen ells) de les obres. El terme <cite>content</cite> (contingut) mostra "
+"el que realment senten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Content itself is beside the point—as the very use of words like "
+"content suggests. The moment you start labelling every single piece of "
+"writing in the world “content,” you have conceded its "
+"interchangeability: its primary purpose as mere grist to the metrical mill."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In other words, “content” reduces publications and writings to a "
+"sort of pap fit to be piped through the “tubes” of the internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See also <a href=\"http://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/\";>Courtney Love's "
+"open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for “content provider” "
+"in that page. Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term “intellectual "
+"property” is also <a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\"> biased and "
+"confusing</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-As-]{+However, as+} long as other people use the term “content
+# | [-provider”,-] {+provider,”+} political dissidents can well
+# | call themselves “malcontent [-providers”.-]
+# | {+providers.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As long as other people use the term “content provider”, "
+#| "political dissidents can well call themselves “malcontent "
+#| "providers”."
+msgid ""
+"However, as long as other people use the term “content provider,"
+"” political dissidents can well call themselves “malcontent "
+"providers.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Mentre alguns utilitzin l'expressió <cite>content provider</cite>
(proveïdor "
+"de continguts), els dissidents polÃtics podran ben bé anomenar-se "
+"<cite>malcontent providers</cite> (proveïdors de descontent)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “content management” takes the prize for vacuity. "
+"“Content” means “some sort of information,” and "
+"“management” in this context means “doing something with "
+"it.” So a “content management system” is a system for "
+"doing something to some sort of information. Nearly all programs fit that "
+"description."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages on a "
+"web site. For that, we recommend the term “web site revision "
+"system” (WRS)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Copyright Owner”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright is an artificial privilege, handed out by the state to achieve a "
+"public interest and lasting a period of time — not a natural right "
+"like owning a house or a shirt. Lawyers used to recognize this by referring "
+"to the recipient of that privilege as a “copyright holder.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A few decades ago, copyright holders began trying to reduce awareness of "
+"this point. In addition to citing frequently the bogus concept of <a href="
+"\"#IntellectualProperty\">“intellectual property,”</a> they also "
+"started calling themselves “copyright owners.” Please join us in "
+"resisting by using the traditional term “copyright holders” "
+"instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Creative Commons licensed”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The most important licensing characteristic of a work is whether it is "
+"free. Creative Commons publishes seven licenses; three are free (CC BY, CC "
+"BY-SA and CC0) and the rest are nonfree. Thus, to describe a work as “"
+"Creative Commons licensed” fails to say whether it is free, and "
+"suggests that the question is not important. The statement may be accurate, "
+"but the omission is harmful."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To encourage people to pay attention to the most important distinction, "
+"always specify <em>which</em> Creative Commons license is used, as in “"
+"licensed under CC BY-SA.” If you don't know which license a certain "
+"work uses, find out and then make your statement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Creator”"
+msgstr "«Creador»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly compares
+# | them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is used by
+# | publishers to elevate [-the-] authors' moral [-stature-] {+standing+}
+# | above that of ordinary [-people,-] {+people in order+} to justify {+giving
+# | them+} increased copyright [-power that-] {+power, which+} the publishers
+# | can {+then+} exercise in [-the name of the authors.-] {+their name.+} We
+# | recommend saying “author” instead. However, in many cases
+# | “copyright holder” is what you really mean. {+These two terms
+# | are not equivalent: often the copyright holder is not the author.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly compares "
+#| "them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is used by "
+#| "publishers to elevate the authors' moral stature above that of ordinary "
+#| "people, to justify increased copyright power that the publishers can "
+#| "exercise in the name of the authors. We recommend saying “"
+#| "author” instead. However, in many cases “copyright "
+#| "holder” is what you really mean."
+msgid ""
+"The term “creator” as applied to authors implicitly compares "
+"them to a deity (“the creator”). The term is used by publishers "
+"to elevate authors' moral standing above that of ordinary people in order to "
+"justify giving them increased copyright power, which the publishers can then "
+"exercise in their name. We recommend saying “author” instead. "
+"However, in many cases “copyright holder” is what you really "
+"mean. These two terms are not equivalent: often the copyright holder is not "
+"the author."
+msgstr ""
+"El terme «creador», aplicat a l'autor, el compara implÃcitament amb una "
+"divinitat («el Creador»). Els editors utilitzen el terme per elevar la
talla "
+"moral dels autors sobre la de la gent corrent, i justificar l'augment del "
+"poder del copyright que els editors diuen exercir en nom dels autors. "
+"Recomanem dir «autor». Tanmateix, el que realment es vol dir en molts casos
"
+"és «titular del copyright»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Digital Goods”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “digital goods,” as applied to copies of works of "
+"authorship, identifies them with physical goods—which cannot be "
+"copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured in quantity and sold. "
+"This metaphor encourages people to judge issues about software or other "
+"digital works based on their views and intuitions about physical goods. It "
+"also frames issues in terms of economics, whose shallow and limited values "
+"don't include freedom and community."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Digital Locks”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“Digital locks” is used to refer to Digital Restrictions "
+"Management by some who criticize it. The problem with this term is that it "
+"fails to do justice to the badness of DRM. The people who adopted that term "
+"did not think it through."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Locks are not necessarily oppressive or bad. You probably own several "
+"locks, and their keys or codes as well; you may find them useful or "
+"troublesome, but they don't oppress you, because you can open and close "
+"them. Likewise, we find <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2015/may/01/encryption-wont-work-if-it-has-a-back-door-only-the-"
+"good-guys-have-keys-to-\">encryption</a> invaluable for protecting our "
+"digital files. That too is a kind of digital lock that you have control "
+"over."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"DRM is like a lock placed on you by someone else, who refuses to give you "
+"the key—in other words, like <em>handcuffs</em>. Therefore, the "
+"proper metaphor for DRM is “digital handcuffs,” not “"
+"digital locks.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A number of opposition campaigns have chosen the unwise term “digital "
+"locks”; to get things back on the right track, we must firmly insist "
+"on correcting this mistake. The FSF can support a campaign that opposes "
+"“digital locks” if we agree on the substance; however, when we "
+"state our support, we conspicuously replace the term with “digital "
+"handcuffs” and say why."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Digital Rights Management”"
+msgstr "«Gestió de Drets Digitals»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | “Digital Rights Management” [-(DRM) software is actually-]
+# | {+(abbreviated “DRM”) refers to technical mechanisms+}
+# | designed to impose restrictions on computer users. The use of the word
+# | “rights” in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you
+# | unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose
+# | the restrictions, [-while-] {+and+} ignoring that of the [-many-]
+# | {+general public+} on whom [-the-] {+these+} restrictions are imposed.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Digital Rights Management” (DRM) software is actually "
+#| "designed to impose restrictions on computer users. The use of the word "
+#| "“rights” in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you "
+#| "unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose "
+#| "the restrictions, while ignoring that of the many on whom the "
+#| "restrictions are imposed."
+msgid ""
+"“Digital Rights Management” (abbreviated “DRM”) "
+"refers to technical mechanisms designed to impose restrictions on computer "
+"users. The use of the word “rights” in this term is propaganda, "
+"designed to lead you unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of "
+"the few that impose the restrictions, and ignoring that of the general "
+"public on whom these restrictions are imposed."
+msgstr ""
+"El programari de «Gestió de Drets Digitals» (<cite>Digital Rights "
+"Management</cite> â DRM) s'ha dissenyat, de fet, per imposar restriccions "
+"als usuaris d'ordinadors. L'ús de la paraula «drets» en aquesta expressió
és "
+"propaganda, dissenyada per a dirigir-nos inconscientment a veure l'assumpte "
+"des del punt de vista de la minoria que imposa les restriccions, mentre "
+"s'ignoren els drets de la majoria a qui li venen imposades aquestes "
+"restriccions."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Good alternatives include “Digital Restrictions Management,”
+# | and [-“handcuffware.”-] {+“digital handcuffs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Good alternatives include “Digital Restrictions Management,” "
+#| "and “handcuffware.”"
+msgid ""
+"Good alternatives include “Digital Restrictions Management,” and "
+"“digital handcuffs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Són bones alternatives «Gestió digital de restriccions», «Pessimari
digital» "
+"i «Programari emmanillat»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please sign up to support our <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";> "
+"campaign to abolish DRM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Ecosystem”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is inadvisable to describe the free software community, or any human "
+"community, as an “ecosystem,” because that word implies the "
+"absence of ethical judgment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “ecosystem” implicitly suggests an attitude of "
+"nonjudgmental observation: don't ask how what <em>should</em> happen, just "
+"study and understand what <em>does</em> happen. In an ecosystem, some "
+"organisms consume other organisms. In ecology, we do not ask whether it is "
+"right for an owl to eat a mouse or for a mouse to eat a seed, we only "
+"observe that they do so. Species' populations grow or shrink according to "
+"the conditions; this is neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological "
+"phenomenon, even if it goes so far as the extinction of a species."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, beings that adopt an ethical stance towards their surroundings "
+"can decide to preserve things that, without their intervention, might "
+"vanish—such as civil society, democracy, human rights, peace, public "
+"health, a stable climate, clean air and water, endangered species, "
+"traditional arts…and computer users' freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“FLOSS”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “FLOSS,” meaning “Free/Libre and Open Source "
+"Software,” was coined as a way to <a href=\"/philosophy/floss-and-foss."
+"html\">be neutral between free software and open source</a>. If neutrality "
+"is your goal, “FLOSS” is the best way to be neutral. But if you "
+"want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“For free”"
+msgstr "«De franc»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say that it "
+"is available “for free.” That term specifically means “for "
+"zero price.” Free software is a matter of freedom, not price."
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu dir que un programa és «lliure» <cite>(free)</cite>, si us plau
no "
+"digueu que està disponible «de franc» (for free). Aquesta expressió "
+"significa especÃficament «per zero euros». El programari lliure és una "
+"qüestió de llibertat, no de preu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software copies are often available for free—for example, by "
+"downloading via FTP. But free software copies are also available for a "
+"price on CD-ROMs; meanwhile, proprietary software copies are occasionally "
+"available for free in promotions, and some proprietary packages are normally "
+"available at no charge to certain users."
+msgstr ""
+"Les còpies de programari lliure sovint estan disponibles de franc (per "
+"exemple, descarregant-les per FTP). Però les còpies de programari lliure "
+"estan també disponibles a cert preu en CD-ROMs; per altra banda, les còpies
"
+"de programari patentat estan ocasionalment disponibles de franc en "
+"promocions, i certs usuaris disposen normalment d'alguns paquets patentats "
+"sense pagar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available “as free "
+"software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Per evitar confusions, podeu dir que el programa està disponible «com a "
+"programari lliure»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“FOSS”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “FOSS,” meaning “Free and Open Source Software,"
+"” was coined as a way to <a href=\"/philosophy/floss-and-foss.html"
+"\">be neutral between free software and open source</a>, but it doesn't "
+"really do that. If neutrality is your goal, “FLOSS” is better. "
+"But if you want to show you stand for freedom, don't use a neutral term."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Instead of <b>FOSS</b>, we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre) "
+"software</b>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Freely available”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Don't use “freely available software” as a synonym for “"
+"free software.” The terms are not equivalent. Software is “"
+"freely available” if anyone can easily get a copy. “Free "
+"software” is defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy "
+"of it. These are answers to different questions."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Freeware”"
+msgstr "«Software gratuït»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term “freeware” as a synonym for “"
+"free software.” The term “freeware” was used often in the "
+"1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not "
+"available. Today it has no particular agreed-on definition."
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, no utilitzeu l'expressió «programari gratuït»
<cite>(freeware)</"
+"cite> com a sinònim de «programari lliure» <cite>(free software)</cite>. "
+"L'expressió «programari gratuït» s'utilitzava sovint durant la dècada
dels "
+"80 per a programes publicats només com a executables, sense codi font. Avui "
+"dia aquesta expressió no té una definició acceptada per tothom."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Also, if you use other-]{+When using+} languages {+other+} than English,
+# | please [-try to-] avoid borrowing English terms such as “free
+# | software” or “freeware.” It is better to translate the
+# | term “free software” into <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Also, if you use other languages than English, please try to avoid "
+#| "borrowing English terms such as “free software” or “"
+#| "freeware.” It is better to translate the term “free "
+#| "software” into <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your "
+#| "language</a>."
+msgid ""
+"When using languages other than English, please avoid borrowing English "
+"terms such as “free software” or “freeware.” It is "
+"better to translate the term “free software” into <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"També, si utilitzeu un idioma que no sigui l'anglès, eviteu si us plau
l'ús "
+"d'expressions angleses ambigües com <cite>free software</cite> o "
+"<cite>freeware</cite> (ja que es poden interpretar en el sentit contrari). "
+"Ãs millor que traduïu l'expressió <cite>free software</cite> a <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/fs-translations.html\">la vostra llengua</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By using a word in <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your own "
+"language</a>, you show that you are really referring to freedom and not just "
+"parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept. The reference to "
+"freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your compatriots, but "
+"once they see that it means exactly what it says, they will really "
+"understand what the issue is."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilitzant una paraula de <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\"> la "
+"vostra llengua</a>, mostrareu que us esteu referint realment a la llibertat "
+"i no només repetint com a lloros algun misteriós concepte de mà rqueting "
+"estranger. La referència a la llibertat podrà semblar al principi estranya
o "
+"pertorbadora als vostres compatriotes, però una cop vegin que significa "
+"exactament el que diu, entendran realment quina és la qüestió."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Give away software”"
+msgstr "«Regalar programari»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean
+# | “distribute a program as free software.” [-It-] {+This
+# | locution+} has the same problem as “for free”: it implies the
+# | issue is price, not freedom. One way to avoid the confusion is to say
+# | “release as free software.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean “"
+#| "distribute a program as free software.” It has the same problem as "
+#| "“for free”: it implies the issue is price, not freedom. One "
+#| "way to avoid the confusion is to say “release as free software."
+#| "”"
+msgid ""
+"It's misleading to use the term “give away” to mean “"
+"distribute a program as free software.” This locution has the same "
+"problem as “for free”: it implies the issue is price, not "
+"freedom. One way to avoid the confusion is to say “release as free "
+"software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"és erroni utilitzar el terme «regalar» per a dir «distribuir un programa
com "
+"a programari lliure». Té el mateix problema que «de franc»: implica que
és "
+"una qüestió de preu, no de llibertat. Una manera d'evitar la confusió és
dir "
+"«difondre com a programari lliure»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Google”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “google” as a verb, meaning to "
+"search for something on the internet. “Google” is just the name "
+"of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use the term "
+"“search the web” or (in some contexts) just “"
+"search”. Try to use a search engine that respects your privacy; for "
+"instance, <a href=\"https://duckduckgo.com/\";>DuckDuckGo</a> claims not to "
+"track its users. (There is no way for outsiders to verify claims of that "
+"kind.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Hacker”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A hacker is someone who <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.";
+"html\"> enjoys playful cleverness</a>—not necessarily with computers. "
+"The programmers in the old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</abbr> free software community of the 60s and 70s referred "
+"to themselves as hackers. Around 1980, journalists who discovered the "
+"hacker community mistakenly took the term to mean “security breaker."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please don't spread this mistake. People who break security are “"
+"crackers.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Intellectual property”"
+msgstr "«Propietat Intel·lectual»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as “intellectual
+# | property”—a term [-that-] also [-includes-] {+applied to+}
+# | patents, trademarks, and other more obscure areas of law. These laws have
+# | so little in common, and differ so much, that it is ill-advised to
+# | generalize about them. It is best to talk specifically about
+# | “copyright,” or about “patents,” or about
+# | “trademarks.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as “intellectual "
+#| "property”—a term that also includes patents, trademarks, and "
+#| "other more obscure areas of law. These laws have so little in common, "
+#| "and differ so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them. It "
+#| "is best to talk specifically about “copyright,” or about "
+#| "“patents,” or about “trademarks.”"
+msgid ""
+"Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as “intellectual "
+"property”—a term also applied to patents, trademarks, and other "
+"more obscure areas of law. These laws have so little in common, and differ "
+"so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them. It is best to "
+"talk specifically about “copyright,” or about “patents,"
+"” or about “trademarks.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Als editors i als advocats els agrada descriure el copyright com a "
+"«propietat intel·lectual» (un terme que també inclou patents, marques "
+"registrades i altres à rees més fosques de llei). Aquests lleis tenen tan
poc "
+"en comú, i difereixen tant, que no és gens recomanable generalitzar. Ãs "
+"millor parlar especÃficament de «copyright», o de «patents», o de
«marques "
+"registrades»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term “intellectual property” carries a hidden
+# | assumption—that the way to think about all these disparate issues is
+# | based on an analogy with physical objects, and our [-ideas-]
+# | {+conception+} of {+them as+} physical property.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “intellectual property” carries a hidden "
+#| "assumption—that the way to think about all these disparate issues "
+#| "is based on an analogy with physical objects, and our ideas of physical "
+#| "property."
+msgid ""
+"The term “intellectual property” carries a hidden "
+"assumption—that the way to think about all these disparate issues is "
+"based on an analogy with physical objects, and our conception of them as "
+"physical property."
+msgstr ""
+"L'expressió «propietat intel·lectual» comporta una suposició oculta: que
la "
+"manera natural de pensar en tots aquests assumptes tan diferents és basar-se
"
+"en una analogia amb els objectes fÃsics i amb les nostres idees sobre la "
+"propietat fÃsica."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When it comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial difference "
+"between material objects and information: information can be copied and "
+"shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be."
+msgstr ""
+"Quan es refereix a fer còpies, aquesta analogia desatén la diferència "
+"crucial entre els objectes materials i la informació: la informació es pot "
+"copiar i compartir sense gairebé cap esforç, i els objectes materials no."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | To avoid [-the-] {+spreading unnecessary+} bias and [-confusion of this
+# | term,-] {+confusion,+} it is best to [-make-] {+adopt+} a firm
+# | [-decision-] {+policy+} <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak
+# | or even think in terms of “intellectual property”</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "To avoid the bias and confusion of this term, it is best to make a firm "
+#| "decision <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think "
+#| "in terms of “intellectual property”</a>."
+msgid ""
+"To avoid spreading unnecessary bias and confusion, it is best to adopt a "
+"firm policy <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think "
+"in terms of “intellectual property”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Per evitar les confusions i les implicacions tendencioses d'aquesta "
+"expressió, és millor prendre la decisió ferma de <a
href=\"/philosophy/not-"
+"ipr.html\">no parlar i fins i tot de no pensar en termes de «propietat "
+"intel·lectual»</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The hypocrisy of calling these powers “rights” is <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting
+# | to make [-WIPO embarassed</a>.-] {+the World “Intellectual
+# | Property” Organization embarrassed</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The hypocrisy of calling these powers “rights” is <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to make "
+#| "WIPO embarassed</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The hypocrisy of calling these powers “rights” is <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to make the "
+"World “Intellectual Property” Organization embarrassed</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"La hipocresia d'anomenar «drets» a aquests poders està <a
href=\"/philosophy/"
+"wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\">començant a posar WIPO en "
+"evidència</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Internet of Things”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When companies decided to make computerized appliances that would connect "
+"over the internet to the manufacturer's server, and therefore could easily "
+"snoop on their users, they realized that this would not sound very nice. So "
+"they came up with a cute, appealing name: the “Internet of Things."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Experience shows that these products often do <a href=\"http://www.locusmag.";
+"com/Perspectives/2015/09/cory-doctorow-what-if-people-were-sensors-not-"
+"things-to-be-sensed/\"> spy on their users</a>. They are also tailor-made "
+"for <a href=\"http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806\";>giving "
+"people biased advice</a>. In addition, the manufacturer can <a href=\"/"
+"proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\"> sabotage the product</a> by turning "
+"off the server it depends on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "We call them the “Internet of Stings.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“LAMP system”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"“LAMP” stands for “Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP”"
+"—a common combination of software to use on a web server, except that "
+"“Linux” in this context really refers to the GNU/Linux system. "
+"So instead of “LAMP” it should be “GLAMP”: “"
+"GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Linux system”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in "
+"1991. The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with "
+"Linux added. To call the whole system “Linux” is both unfair "
+"and confusing. Please call the complete system <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu."
+"html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project credit and to "
+"distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Market”"
+msgstr "«Mercat»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software "
+"users in general, as a “market.”"
+msgstr ""
+"és enganyós descriure als usuaris de programari lliure, o de programari en "
+"general, com un «mercat»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This is not to say [-we're against markets.-] {+there is no room for
+# | markets in the free software community.+} If you have a free software
+# | support business, then you have clients, and you trade with them in a
+# | market. As long as you respect their freedom, we wish you success in your
+# | market.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "This is not to say we're against markets. If you have a free software "
+#| "support business, then you have clients, and you trade with them in a "
+#| "market. As long as you respect their freedom, we wish you success in "
+#| "your market."
+msgid ""
+"This is not to say there is no room for markets in the free software "
+"community. If you have a free software support business, then you have "
+"clients, and you trade with them in a market. As long as you respect their "
+"freedom, we wish you success in your market."
+msgstr ""
+"Això no vol dir que estem en contra del mercat. Si teniu un negoci de suport
"
+"de programari lliure, tindreu clients, i hi comerciareu en un mercat. Mentre "
+"respecteu la seva llibertat, us desitjarem èxit en el vostre mercat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and
+# | the success it aims for is not a market success. We are trying to serve
+# | the public by giving it freedom—not competing to [-take them-]
+# | {+draw business+} away from a rival. To equate this campaign for freedom
+# | to a [-business' campaign-] {+business's efforts+} for mere success is to
+# | [-diminish-] {+deny+} the [-significance-] {+importance+} of [-freedom.-]
+# | {+freedom and legitimize proprietary software.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and "
+#| "the success it aims for is not a market success. We are trying to serve "
+#| "the public by giving it freedom—not competing to take them away "
+#| "from a rival. To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' "
+#| "campaign for mere success is to diminish the significance of freedom."
+msgid ""
+"But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and the "
+"success it aims for is not a market success. We are trying to serve the "
+"public by giving it freedom—not competing to draw business away from a "
+"rival. To equate this campaign for freedom to a business's efforts for mere "
+"success is to deny the importance of freedom and legitimize proprietary "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Però el moviment de programari lliure és un moviment social, no un negoci,
i "
+"l'èxit a què aspira no és un èxit de mercat. Estem intentant servir al "
+"públic oferint-li llibertat, no competint per atraure el públic d'un rival.
"
+"Equiparar aquesta campanya per la llibertat a la campanya que fa una empresa "
+"simplement per aconseguir èxit és disminuir la importà ncia de la
llibertat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Monetize”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The proper definition of “monetize” is “to use something "
+"as currency.” For instance, human societies have monetized gold, "
+"silver, copper, printed paper, special kinds of seashells, and large rocks. "
+"However, we now see a tendency to use the word in another way, meaning "
+"“to use something as a basis for profit”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That usage casts the profit as primary, and the thing used to get the profit "
+"as secondary. That attitude applied to a software project is objectionable "
+"because it would lead the developers to make the program proprietary, if "
+"they conclude that making it free/libre isn't sufficiently profitable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A productive and ethical business can make money, but if it subordinates all "
+"else to profit, it is not likely to remain ethical."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“MP3 Player”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. The MP3 patents will reportedly expire by 2018.
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the late 1990s it became feasible to make portable, solid-state digital "
+"audio players. Most players supported the patented MP3 codec, and that is "
+"still the case. Some players also supported the patent-free audio codecs "
+"Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and a few couldn't play MP3-encoded files at all "
+"because their developers needed to protect themselves from the patents on "
+"MP3 format."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Using the term “MP3 players” for audio players in general has "
+"the effect of promoting the MP3 format and discouraging the other formats "
+"(some of which are technically superior as well). Even though the MP3 "
+"patents have expired, it is still undesirable to do that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We suggest the term “digital audio player,” or simply “"
+"audio player” when that's clear enough, instead of “MP3 player."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Open”"
+msgstr "«Obert»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Please avoid using the [-word-] {+term+} “open” {+or
+# | “open source”+} as a substitute for “free
+# | software.” [-A-] {+Those terms refer to a+} <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different
+# | [-group</a>, whose values are less idealistic than ours, uses “open
+# | source”-] {+set of views</a> based on different values. The free
+# | software movement campaigns for your freedom in your computing,+} as [-its
+# | slogan. If you are referring to them, it is proper to use their name, but
+# | please don't lump us-] {+a matter of justice. The open source
+# | non-movement does not campaign for anything+} in [-with them or describe
+# | our work by their label—that leads people to think we are their
+# | supporters.-] {+this way.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please avoid using the word “open” as a substitute for “"
+#| "free software.” A <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+#| "point.html\"> different group</a>, whose values are less idealistic than "
+#| "ours, uses “open source” as its slogan. If you are referring "
+#| "to them, it is proper to use their name, but please don't lump us in with "
+#| "them or describe our work by their label—that leads people to think "
+#| "we are their supporters."
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “open” or “open source” "
+"as a substitute for “free software.” Those terms refer to a <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different set of "
+"views</a> based on different values. The free software movement campaigns "
+"for your freedom in your computing, as a matter of justice. The open source "
+"non-movement does not campaign for anything in this way."
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, eviteu utilitzar la paraula «obert» com a substitut de "
+"«programari lliure». Un <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point."
+"html\">grup diferent</a> al nostre, amb valors menys idealistes, utilitza "
+"«codi obert» com a eslògan. Si us hi esteu referint, és natural utilitzar
el "
+"seu nom, però si us plau no ens barregeu amb ells ni descrigueu la nostra "
+"feina amb la seva etiqueta (això portaria la gent a pensar que som seguidors
"
+"seus)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When referring to the open source views, it's correct to use that name, but "
+"please do not use that term when talking about us, our software, or our "
+"views—that leads people to suppose our views are similar to theirs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Instead of <b>open source</b>, we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free "
+"(libre) software</b>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“PC”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It's OK to use the abbreviation “PC” to refer to a certain kind "
+"of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the implication that the "
+"computer is running Microsoft Windows. If you install GNU/Linux on the same "
+"computer, it is still a PC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “WC” has been suggested for a computer running Windows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Photoshop”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “photoshop” as a verb, meaning any "
+"kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general. Photoshop is just "
+"the name of one particular image editing program, which should be avoided "
+"since it is proprietary. There are plenty of free programs for editing "
+"images, such as the <a href=\"/software/gimp\">GIMP</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Piracy”"
+msgstr "«Pirateria»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Publishers often refer to [-prohibited-] copying {+they don't approve of+}
+# | as “piracy.” In this way, they imply that [-illegal copying-]
+# | {+it+} is ethically equivalent to attacking ships on the high seas,
+# | kidnapping and murdering the people on them. {+Based on such propaganda,
+# | they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid copying in most (or
+# | sometimes all) circumstances. (They are still pressuring to make these
+# | prohibitions more complete.)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Publishers often refer to prohibited copying as “piracy.” In "
+#| "this way, they imply that illegal copying is ethically equivalent to "
+#| "attacking ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on "
+#| "them."
+msgid ""
+"Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as “piracy."
+"” In this way, they imply that it is ethically equivalent to attacking "
+"ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on them. Based "
+"on such propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid "
+"copying in most (or sometimes all) circumstances. (They are still "
+"pressuring to make these prohibitions more complete.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Els editors sovint es refereixen a la còpia prohibida amb la paraula "
+"«pirateria». D'aquesta manera volen donar a entendre que la còpia
il·legal "
+"és èticament equivalent a atacar vaixells a alta mar i a segrestar i "
+"assassinar els passatgers."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If you don't believe that [-illegal-] copying {+not approved by the
+# | publisher+} is just like kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to
+# | use the word “piracy” to describe it. Neutral terms such as
+# | [-“prohibited copying” or-] “unauthorized copying”
+# | {+(or “prohibited copying” for the situation where it is
+# | illegal)+} are available for use instead. Some of us might even prefer to
+# | use a positive term such as “sharing information with your
+# | neighbor.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you don't believe that illegal copying is just like kidnapping and "
+#| "murder, you might prefer not to use the word “piracy” to "
+#| "describe it. Neutral terms such as “prohibited copying” or "
+#| "“unauthorized copying” are available for use instead. Some "
+#| "of us might even prefer to use a positive term such as “sharing "
+#| "information with your neighbor.”"
+msgid ""
+"If you don't believe that copying not approved by the publisher is just like "
+"kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to use the word “"
+"piracy” to describe it. Neutral terms such as “unauthorized "
+"copying” (or “prohibited copying” for the situation where "
+"it is illegal) are available for use instead. Some of us might even prefer "
+"to use a positive term such as “sharing information with your neighbor."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"Si creieu que fer còpies il·legals no és ben bé el mateix que segrestar i
"
+"assassinar, potser preferireu no utilitzar la paraula «pirateria» per "
+"descriure aquesta activitat. En el seu lloc hi ha disponibles expressions "
+"neutres com «còpia prohibida» o «còpia no autoritzada». Alguns de
nosaltres "
+"podrÃem fins i tot preferir utilitzar un terme positiu com «compartir "
+"informació amb el teu veû."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A US judge, presiding over a trial for copyright infringement, recognized "
+"that <a href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-";
+"theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/\">“piracy” and “"
+"theft” are smear words.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“PowerPoint”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “PowerPoint” to mean any kind of "
+"slide presentation. “PowerPoint” is just the name of one "
+"particular proprietary program to make presentations. For your freedom's "
+"sake, you should use only free software to make your presentations—"
+"which means, <em>not PowerPoint</em>. Recommended options include TeX's "
+"<tt>beamer</tt> class and LibreOffice.org's Impress."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Product”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you're talking about a product, by all means call it that. However, when "
+"referring to a service, please do not call it a “product.” If a "
+"service provider calls the service a “product,” please firmly "
+"insist on calling it a “service.” If a service provider calls a "
+"package deal a “product,” please firmly insist on calling it a "
+"“deal.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Protection”"
+msgstr "«Protecció»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Publishers' lawyers love to use the term “protection” to "
+"describe copyright. This word carries the implication of preventing "
+"destruction or suffering; therefore, it encourages people to identify with "
+"the owner and publisher who benefit from copyright, rather than with the "
+"users who are restricted by it."
+msgstr ""
+"Als advocats dels editors els encanta utilitzar el terme «protecció» per "
+"descriure el copyright. Aquesta paraula comporta la idea d'impedir la "
+"destrucció o el patiment; d'aquesta manera s'aconsegueix que la gent "
+"s'identifiqui amb el propietari i amb l'editor que es beneficien del "
+"copyright, en lloc d'identificar-se amb els usuaris, que són els que "
+"realment pateixen les restriccions."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to avoid “protection” and use neutral terms instead. "
+"For example, instead of saying, “Copyright protection lasts a very "
+"long time,” you can say, “Copyright lasts a very long time."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+"és fà cil evitar «protecció» i utilitzar al seu lloc termes neutres. Per "
+"exemple, en comptes de dir «la protecció del copyright dura molt temps»,
es "
+"pot dir «el copyright dura molt temps»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Likewise, instead of saying, “protected by copyright,” you can "
+"say, “covered by copyright” or just “copyrighted.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | If you want to criticize copyright [-instead of supporting it,-] {+rather
+# | than be neutral,+} you can use the term “copyright
+# | restrictions.” Thus, you can say, “Copyright restrictions last
+# | a very long time.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use "
+#| "the term “copyright restrictions.” Thus, you can say, “"
+#| "Copyright restrictions last a very long time.”"
+msgid ""
+"If you want to criticize copyright rather than be neutral, you can use the "
+"term “copyright restrictions.” Thus, you can say, “"
+"Copyright restrictions last a very long time.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu criticar el copyright en lloc de donar-hi suport, podeu utilitzar "
+"l'expressió «restriccions del copyright». Es pot dir, per exemple, «Les "
+"restriccions del copyright duren molt temps»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “protection” is also used to describe malicious "
+"features. For instance, “copy protection” is a feature that "
+"interferes with copying. From the user's point of view, this is "
+"obstruction. So we could call that malicious feature “copy "
+"obstruction.” More often it is called Digital Restrictions Management "
+"(DRM)—see the <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by "
+"Design</a> campaign."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“RAND (Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory)”"
+msgstr "«RAND (Raonable i No Discriminatori)»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that prohibit "
+"free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent licenses that "
+"require a fixed fee per copy of a conforming program. They often refer to "
+"such licenses by the term “RAND,” which stands for “"
+"reasonable and non-discriminatory.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Els organismes d'estandardització que promulguen està ndards restringits per
"
+"patents, les quals n'impedeixen l'ús al programari lliure, tenen tÃpicament
"
+"una polÃtica per a l'obtenció de llicències que exigeix una quota fixa per
"
+"cada còpia d'un programa que compleixi els està ndards. Sovint es refereixen
"
+"a aquestes llicències amb el terme «RAND», que són les inicials de
«raonable "
+"i no discriminatori»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither
+# | reasonable nor nondiscriminatory. It is true that these licenses do not
+# | discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against
+# | the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable. Thus, half
+# | of {+the term+} “RAND” is deceptive and the other half is
+# | prejudiced.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally "
+#| "neither reasonable nor nondiscriminatory. It is true that these licenses "
+#| "do not discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate "
+#| "against the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable. "
+#| "Thus, half of “RAND” is deceptive and the other half is "
+#| "prejudiced."
+msgid ""
+"That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither "
+"reasonable nor nondiscriminatory. It is true that these licenses do not "
+"discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against "
+"the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable. Thus, half "
+"of the term “RAND” is deceptive and the other half is prejudiced."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquest terme intenta justificar una mena de llicències de patents que "
+"normalment ni són raonables ni són no discriminatòries. Ãs cert que
aquestes "
+"llicències no discriminen a cap persona en concret, però discriminen la "
+"comunitat del programari lliure, i això les fa poc raonables. De manera que "
+"la meitat de «RAND» és enganyosa i l'altra meitat és discriminatòria."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory, "
+"and drop the use of the term “reasonable and non-discriminatory” "
+"or “RAND” to describe them. Until they do so, writers who do "
+"not wish to join in the whitewashing would do well to reject that term. To "
+"accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have made it "
+"widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express."
+msgstr ""
+"Els organismes d'estandardització haurien de reconèixer que aquestes "
+"llicències són discriminatòries, i deixar d'utilitzar el terme «raonable
i "
+"no discriminatori» o «RAND» per descriure-les. Fins que no facin això, la
"
+"gent que escriu i que no desitja participar en aquesta operació d'imatge "
+"faran bé de rebutjar aquest terme. Acceptar-lo i utilitzar-lo pel sol fet "
+"que les companyies propietà ries de les patents han estès el seu ús és
deixar "
+"que aquestes companyies dictin els nostres punts de vista."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We suggest the term “uniform fee only,” or “UFO” for "
+"short, as a replacement. It is accurate because the only condition in these "
+"licenses is a uniform royalty fee."
+msgstr ""
+"Suggerim l'expressió <cite>uniform fee only</cite> o, abreujadament, "
+"«UFO» (OVNI), com a substitut. Ãs acurat perquè l'única condició en
aquestes "
+"llicències és el pagament d'una quota uniforme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“SaaS” or “Software as a Service”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We used to say that SaaS (short for “Software as a Service”) is "
+"an injustice, but then we found that there was a lot of variation in "
+"people's understanding of which activities count as SaaS. So we switched to "
+"a new term, “Service as a Software Substitute” or “SaaSS."
+"” This term has two advantages: it wasn't used before, so our "
+"definition is the only one, and it explains what the injustice consists of."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html\">Who Does "
+"That Server Really Serve?</a> for discussion of this issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In Spanish we continue to use the term “software como servicio” "
+"because the joke of “software como ser vicio” (“software, "
+"as being pernicious”) is too good to give up."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Sell software”"
+msgstr "«Vendre programari»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking,
+# | exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">selling</a>; but-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\"> selling the program</a>, and there is
+# | nothing wrong with doing that. However,+} people usually associate the
+# | term [-“sell”-] {+“selling software”+} with
+# | proprietary restrictions on the subsequent use of the software. You can
+# | be [-more precise,-] {+clear,+} and prevent confusion, by saying either
+# | “distributing copies of a program for a fee” or
+# | “imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a program.”
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking, "
+#| "exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/selling.html\">selling</a>; but people usually associate the "
+#| "term “sell” with proprietary restrictions on the subsequent "
+#| "use of the software. You can be more precise, and prevent confusion, by "
+#| "saying either “distributing copies of a program for a fee” or "
+#| "“imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a program.”"
+msgid ""
+"The term “sell software” is ambiguous. Strictly speaking, "
+"exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/selling.html\"> selling the program</a>, and there is nothing "
+"wrong with doing that. However, people usually associate the term “"
+"selling software” with proprietary restrictions on the subsequent use "
+"of the software. You can be clear, and prevent confusion, by saying either "
+"“distributing copies of a program for a fee” or “imposing "
+"proprietary restrictions on the use of a program.”"
+msgstr ""
+"L'expressió «vendre programari» és ambigua. En rigor, intercanviar una
còpia "
+"d'un programa lliure per una quantitat de diners és <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"selling.html\">vendre</a>; però la gent normalment associa el terme
«venda» "
+"amb les restriccions que les patents imposen a l'ús posterior del "
+"programari. Podeu ser més precisos, i evitar confusions, dient tant "
+"«distribuir còpies d'un programa a canvi d'una quota» com «imposar "
+"restriccions de patent a l'ús d'un programa»."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for "
+"further discussion of this issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Vegeu <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\"> Vendre programari lliure</a> per "
+"aprofundir en aquest tema."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Sharing (personal data)”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When companies manipulate or lure people into revealing personal data and "
+"thus ceding their privacy, please don't refer to this as “sharing."
+"” We use the term “sharing” to refer to noncommercial "
+"cooperation, including noncommercial redistribution of exact copies of "
+"published works, and we say this is <em>good</em>. Please don't apply that "
+"word to a practice which is harmful and dangerous."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Sharing economy”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “sharing economy” is not a good way to refer to "
+"services such as Uber and Airbnb that arrange business transactions between "
+"people. We use the term “sharing” to refer to noncommercial "
+"cooperation, including noncommercial redistribution of exact copies of "
+"published works. Stretching the word “sharing” to include these "
+"transactions undermines its meaning, so we don't use it in this context."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A more suitable term for businesses like Uber is the “piecework "
+"service economy.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Skype”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term “skype” as a verb, meaning any kind "
+"of video communication or telephony over the Internet in general. “"
+"Skype” is just the name of one particular proprietary program, one "
+"that <a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance."
+"html#SpywareInSkype\"> spies on its users</a>. If you want to make video and "
+"voice calls over the Internet in a way that respects both your freedom and "
+"your privacy, try one of the <a href=\"https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:";
+"Skype_Replacement\"> numerous free Skype replacements</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Software Industry”"
+msgstr "«Indústria del Programari»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine that
+# | software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to
+# | “consumers.” The free software community shows this is not the
+# | case. Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free
+# | and/or nonfree software, but those that develop free software are not
+# | {+run+} like factories.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine "
+#| "that software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered "
+#| "to “consumers.” The free software community shows this is "
+#| "not the case. Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop "
+#| "free and/or nonfree software, but those that develop free software are "
+#| "not like factories."
+msgid ""
+"The term “software industry” encourages people to imagine that "
+"software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to "
+"“consumers.” The free software community shows this is not the "
+"case. Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or "
+"nonfree software, but those that develop free software are not run like "
+"factories."
+msgstr ""
+"L'expressió «indústria del programari» porta la gent a imaginar-se que el
"
+"programari sempre es desenvolupa en una mena de fà brica i que després es "
+"reparteixi als «consumidors». La comunitat del programari lliure mostra que
"
+"aquest no és el cas. Les empreses de programari existeixen, i les diferents "
+"empreses desenvolupen programari lliure i/o no lliure, però les que "
+"desenvolupen programari lliure no són com fà briques."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “industry” is being used as propaganda by advocates of "
+"software patents. They call software development “industry” and "
+"then try to argue that this means it should be subject to patent "
+"monopolies. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20071215073111/http://";
+"eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\" title=\"archived version of http://";
+"eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\">The European Parliament, rejecting "
+"software patents in 2003, voted to define “industry” as “"
+"automated production of material goods.”</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"El terme «indústria» està sent utilitzat com a propaganda pels defensors
de "
+"les patents de programari. Anomenen el desenvolupament de programari "
+"«indústria» i després intenten demostrar que això significa que hauria
de "
+"estar subjecte als monopolis de les patents. <a href=\"https://web.archive.";
+"org/web/20071215073111/http://eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\"; title="
+"\"archived version of http://eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\";>El "
+"Parlament Europeu, quan va rebutjar les patents de programari el 2003, va "
+"votar per definir «indústria» com «producció automatitzada de béns "
+"materials»</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Source model”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Wikipedia uses the term “source model” in a confused and "
+"ambiguous way. Ostensibly it refers to how a program's source is "
+"distributed, but the text confuses this with the development methodology. "
+"It distinguishes “open source” and ”shared source” "
+"as answers, but they overlap — Microsoft uses the latter as a "
+"marketing term to cover a range of practices, some of which are “open "
+"source”. Thus, this term really conveys no coherent information, but "
+"it provides an opportunity to say “open source” in pages "
+"describing free software programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Terminal”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Mobile phones and tablets are computers, and people should be able to do "
+"their computing on them using free software. To call them “"
+"terminals” supposes that all they are good for is to connect to "
+"servers, which is a bad way to do your own computing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Theft”"
+msgstr "«Robatori»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Copyright apologists-]{+The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form
+# | of copyright+} often use words like “stolen” and
+# | “theft” to [-describe-] {+refer to+} copyright infringement.
+# | [-At the same time,-] {+This is spin, but+} they [-ask us-] {+would like
+# | you+} to [-treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is
+# | forbidden,-] {+take+} it [-must be wrong.-] {+for objective truth.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright apologists often use words like “stolen” and “"
+#| "theft” to describe copyright infringement. At the same time, they "
+#| "ask us to treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is "
+#| "forbidden, it must be wrong."
+msgid ""
+"The supporters of a too-strict, repressive form of copyright often use words "
+"like “stolen” and “theft” to refer to copyright "
+"infringement. This is spin, but they would like you to take it for "
+"objective truth."
+msgstr ""
+"Els apologistes del copyright sovint utilitzen paraules com «robatori» i "
+"«furt» per descriure les violacions del copyright. Al mateix temps, ens "
+"demanen que tractem el sistema legal com a una autoritat en ètica: si copiar
"
+"està prohibit, ha d'estar malament."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-So it is pertinent to mention that-]{+Under+} the {+US+} legal
+# | [-system—at least in the US—<a
+# |
href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=473&invol=207\";>rejects
+# | the idea that-] {+system,+} copyright infringement is
+# | [-“theft.”</a> Copyright apologists-] {+not theft. <a
+# |
href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=473&invol=207\";>
+# | Laws about theft are not applicable to copyright infringement.</a> The
+# | supporters of repressive copyright+} are making an appeal to
+# | [-authority...and-] {+authority—and+} misrepresenting what authority
+# | says.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system—at least in the "
+#| "US—<a href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?";
+#| "court=us&vol=473&invol=207\">rejects the idea that copyright "
+#| "infringement is “theft.”</a> Copyright apologists are making "
+#| "an appeal to authority...and misrepresenting what authority says."
+msgid ""
+"Under the US legal system, copyright infringement is not theft. <a href="
+"\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=473&";
+"invol=207\"> Laws about theft are not applicable to copyright infringement.</"
+"a> The supporters of repressive copyright are making an appeal to "
+"authority—and misrepresenting what authority says."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquà és pertinent esmentar que el sistema legal (com a mÃnim als Estats "
+"Units) <a href=\"http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?";
+"court=us&vol=473&invol=207\">rebutja la idea que la violació del "
+"copyright sigui un «robatori»</a>. Els apologistes del copyright estan fent
"
+"una apel·lació a una autoritat… tergiversant el que aquesta
autoritat "
+"diu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To refute them, you can point to this <a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/";
+"books/2013/may/04/harper-lee-kill-mockingbird-copyright\"> real case</a> "
+"which shows what can properly be described as “copyright theft.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong-]{+Unauthorized
+# | copying+} is [-mistaken-] {+forbidden by copyright law+} in [-general.
+# | Laws are,-] {+many circumstances (not all!), but being forbidden doesn't
+# | make it wrong. In general, laws don't define right and wrong. Laws,+} at
+# | their best, [-an-] attempt to [-achieve justice; to say that-] {+implement
+# | justice. If the+} laws [-define justice or ethical conduct is turning
+# | things upside down.-] {+(the implementation) don't fit our ideas of right
+# | and wrong (the spec), the laws are what should change.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general. "
+#| "Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
+#| "define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
+msgid ""
+"Unauthorized copying is forbidden by copyright law in many circumstances "
+"(not all!), but being forbidden doesn't make it wrong. In general, laws "
+"don't define right and wrong. Laws, at their best, attempt to implement "
+"justice. If the laws (the implementation) don't fit our ideas of right and "
+"wrong (the spec), the laws are what should change."
+msgstr ""
+"La idea que les lleis estableixen què és èticament correcte o incorrecte
és "
+"una equivocació corrent. Les lleis són, en el millor dels casos, un intent "
+"d'aconseguir justÃcia; dir que les lleis defineixen què és la justÃcia o "
+"quina conducta és ètica és posar les coses cap per avall."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A US judge, presiding over a trial for copyright infringement, recognized "
+"that <a href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/mpaa-banned-from-using-piracy-and-";
+"theft-terms-in-hotfile-trial-131129/\">“piracy” and “"
+"theft” are smear-words.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Trusted Computing”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">“Trusted computing”</"
+"a> is the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that "
+"application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of you. "
+"From their point of view, it is “trusted”; from your point of "
+"view, it is “treacherous.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "“Vendor”"
+msgstr "«Venedor»"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to
+# | anyone that develops or packages [-a software package.-] {+software.+}
+# | Many programs are developed in order to sell copies, and their developers
+# | are therefore their vendors; this {+even+} includes some free software
+# | packages. However, many programs are developed by volunteers or
+# | organizations which do not intend to sell copies. These developers are
+# | not vendors. Likewise, only some of the packagers of GNU/Linux
+# | distributions are vendors. {+We recommend the general term
+# | “supplier” instead.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to "
+#| "anyone that develops or packages a software package. Many programs are "
+#| "developed in order to sell copies, and their developers are therefore "
+#| "their vendors; this includes some free software packages. However, many "
+#| "programs are developed by volunteers or organizations which do not intend "
+#| "to sell copies. These developers are not vendors. Likewise, only some "
+#| "of the packagers of GNU/Linux distributions are vendors."
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term “vendor” to refer generally to anyone "
+"that develops or packages software. Many programs are developed in order to "
+"sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; this even "
+"includes some free software packages. However, many programs are developed "
+"by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell copies. These "
+"developers are not vendors. Likewise, only some of the packagers of GNU/"
+"Linux distributions are vendors. We recommend the general term “"
+"supplier” instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, no utilitzeu el terme «venedor» per referir-vos de manera "
+"general a qualsevol persona que desenvolupa o recopila un paquet de "
+"programes. Molts programes es desenvolupen per vendre còpies, i els seus "
+"desenvolupadors són per tant els seus venedors; això inclou alguns paquets "
+"de programari lliure. Tanmateix, molts programes els desenvolupen voluntaris "
+"o organitzacions que no pretenen vendre còpies. Aquests desenvolupadors no "
+"són venedors. De la mateixa manera, només alguns dels recopiladors de "
+"distribucions de GNU/Linux són venedors."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquest assaig està publicat a <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Programari Lliure, Societat Lliure: Assaigs "
+"Selectes de Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Envieu si us plau les vostres preguntes sobre la FSF i GNU a <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. També hi ha <a
href=\"/"
+"contact/contact.html\">altres formes de contactar</a> amb la FSF. Envieu els "
+"enllaços trencats i altres correccions o suggeriments a <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Vegeu la <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Guia de "
+"traducció</a> per informar-vos sobre la coordinació i publicació de les "
+"traduccions d'aquest article. <br />Contacteu amb l'<a href=\"/server/"
+"standards/translations/ca/\">Equip de traducció</a> per col·laborar en la "
+"traducció al català del web de GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, [-2004-]
+# | {+2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018+} Free
+# | Software Foundation, Inc.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, "
+"2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Aquesta pà gina es troba sota la <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ca\">Llicència Creative Commons "
+"Reconeixement-SenseObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional</a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"Traducció: <a href=\"http://www.puigpe.org/\";>puigpe</a>, 15 de febrer de "
+"2006."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Updated:"
+
+#~ msgid "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding"
+#~ msgstr "Algunes paraules i frases confuses que convé evitar"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Economic theory uses the terms “producer” and “"
+#~ "consumer”. In that context these words are appropriate. But "
+#~ "describing the users of software as “consumers” presumes a "
+#~ "narrow role for them. It treats them like cattle that passively graze on "
+#~ "what others make available to them."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La teoria econòmica utilitza els termes «productor» i «consumidor».
En "
+#~ "aquest context aquestes paraules són apropiades. Però qualificar els "
+#~ "usuaris de programari de «consumidors» suposa assignar-los un paper molt
"
+#~ "limitat. Ãs com dir que són un bestiar que pastura passivament en un
camp "
+#~ "que altres han posat a la seva disposició."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA “Consumer "
+#~ "Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act” which would require "
+#~ "copying restriction facilities in every digital device. If all the users "
+#~ "do is “consume”, then why should they mind?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aquesta manera de pensar condueix a paròdies com la CBDTPA («Acta de "
+#~ "Promoció de la Televisió Digital i la Banda Ampla per al Consumidor»)
que "
+#~ "exigiria mecanismes de restricció de còpia en cada aparell digital. Si "
+#~ "tot el que els usuaris fan és «consumir», per què els hauria
d'importar?"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The narrow economic vision of users as “consumers” tends to "
+#~ "go hand in hand with the idea that published works are “"
+#~ "content”."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "L'estreta visió econòmica dels usuaris com a «consumidors» sol anar "
+#~ "lligada amb la idea que les obres publicades són «continguts»."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please avoid using the word “open” as a substitute for “"
+#~ "free software”. A <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom."
+#~ "html\"> different group</a>, whose values are less idealistic than ours, "
+#~ "uses “open source” as its slogan. If you are referring to "
+#~ "them, it is proper to use their name, but please don't lump us in with "
+#~ "them or describe our work by their label—that leads people to think "
+#~ "we are their supporters."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si us plau, eviteu utilitzar la paraula «obert» com a substitut de "
+#~ "«programari lliure». Un <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+#~ "point.html\">grup diferent</a> al nostre, amb valors menys idealistes, "
+#~ "utilitza «codi obert» com a eslògan. Si us hi esteu referint, és
natural "
+#~ "utilitzar el seu nom, però si us plau no ens barregeu amb ells ni "
+#~ "descrigueu la nostra feina amb la seva etiqueta (això portaria la gent a "
+#~ "pensar que som seguidors seus)."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system—at least in the "
+#~ "US—rejects the idea that copyright infringement is “theft."
+#~ "” Copyright apologists are making an appeal to authority...and "
+#~ "misrepresenting what authority says."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aquà és pertinent esmentar que el sistema legal (com a mÃnim als Estats
"
+#~ "Units) rebutja la idea que la violació del copyright sigui un
«robatori». "
+#~ "Els apologistes del copyright estan fent una apel·lació a una "
+#~ "autoritat... tergiversant el que aquesta autoritat diu."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general. "
+#~ "Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
+#~ "define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "La idea que les lleis estableixen què és èticament correcte o
incorrecte "
+#~ "és una equivocació corrent. Les lleis són, en el millor dels casos, un "
+#~ "intent d'aconseguir justÃcia; dir que les lleis defineixen què és la "
+#~ "justÃcia o quina conducta és ètica és posar les coses cap per avall."
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po free-sw.ca.po words-to-avoid....,
Therese Godefroy <=