[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po eldred-amicus.ru.po
From: |
Ineiev |
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po eldred-amicus.ru.po |
Date: |
Fri, 29 Dec 2017 06:45:43 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Ineiev <ineiev> 17/12/29 06:45:43
Added files:
philosophy/po : eldred-amicus.ru.po
Log message:
New translation.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/eldred-amicus.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: eldred-amicus.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: eldred-amicus.ru.po
diff -N eldred-amicus.ru.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ eldred-amicus.ru.po 29 Dec 2017 11:45:42 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1561 @@
+# Russian translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/eldred-amicus.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2017
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: eldred-amicus.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-05-29 08:26+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-12-27 17:34+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae, Eldred v. Ashcroft - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Ðоклад Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ, ÐлдÑед пÑоÑив
ÐÑкÑоÑÑа - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд "
+"Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, GNU, Linux, freedom, software, power, "
+"rights, copyright, extension, opinion, eldred, ashcroft, mickey mouse, law, "
+"disney, sonny bono, retroactive, perpetual"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, ФСÐÐ, Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ, GNU, Linux, Ñвобода, "
+"пÑогÑаммÑ, влаÑÑÑ, авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво,
ÑаÑÑиÑение, заÑвление, ÑлдÑед, ÑÑкÑоÑÑ, "
+"микки маÑÑ, закон, диÑней, Ñонни боно,
обÑаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñила, веÑнÑй"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "FSF's Brief Amicus Curiae, Eldred v. Ashcroft"
+msgstr "Ðоклад Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ, ÐлдÑед пÑоÑив
ÐÑкÑоÑÑа"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[ This file is also available in <a href=\"/philosophy/eldred-amicus.ps"
+"\">PostScript</a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/eldred-amicus.pdf\">PDF</a> "
+"formats. ]"
+msgstr ""
+"[ ÐÑигиналÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑпна Ñакже в
ÑоÑмаÑаÑ
<a href=\"/philosophy/eldred-"
+"amicus.ps\">PostScript</a> и <a href=\"/philosophy/eldred-amicus.pdf\">PDF</"
+"a>.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "No. 01-618"
+msgstr "ÐÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑ 01-618"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "I<small>N </small>T<small>HE</small>"
+msgstr "ÐнÑÑанÑиÑ:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>Supreme Court of the United States</b>"
+msgstr "<b>ÐеÑÑ
овнÑй ÑÑд СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов</b>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "E<small>RIC </small>E<small>LDRED</small>, <i>et al.</i>,"
+msgstr "ÐÑик ÐлдÑед и дÑ.,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>Petitioners,</i>"
+msgstr "<i>заÑвиÑели,</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "v."
+msgstr "пÑоÑив"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"J<small>OHN </small>D. A<small>SHCROFT</small>, In his official capacity"
+msgstr "Ðжона Ð. ÐÑкÑоÑÑа, оÑиÑиалÑно
ÑполномоÑенного"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "as Attorney General,"
+msgstr "ÑÑидиÑеÑкого конÑÑлÑÑанÑа,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>Respondent.</i>"
+msgstr "<i>оÑвеÑÑика.</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><b>
+msgid "<b>On Writ of Certiorari to the United States"
+msgstr "<b>РоÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° запÑÐ¾Ñ ÑазÑÑÑнений в "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><b>
+msgid "Court of Appeals for the"
+msgstr "ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "District of Columbia Circuit</b>"
+msgstr "окÑÑга ÐолÑмбиÑ</b>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><b>
+msgid "<b>Brief <i>Amicus Curiae</i> of the"
+msgstr "Ðоклад amicus curiae в лиÑе "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><b>
+msgid "Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Фонда Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "in Support of Petitioners</b>"
+msgstr "в поддеÑÐ¶ÐºÑ Ð·Ð°ÑвиÑелей"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "E<small>BEN </small>M<small>OGLEN</small>"
+msgstr "Ðбен Ðоглен"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "<i>Counsel of record</i>"
+msgstr "СÑдебнÑй ÑекÑеÑаÑÑ"
+
+# the parts of the address are swapped -- ineiev
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "435 West 116th Street"
+msgstr "ÐÐ 10027, ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑк"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "New York, NY 10027"
+msgstr "116 ÐеÑÑ-ÑÑÑиÑ, 435"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "(212) 854-8382"
+msgstr "(212) 854-8382"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid "Counsel for <i>Amicus Curiae</i>"
+msgstr "СекÑеÑаÑÑ amicus curiae"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Question Presented"
+msgstr "РаÑÑмаÑÑиваемÑй вопÑоÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Did the Court of Appeals err in holding that, under the Copyright Clause, "
+"Congress may indefinitely extend the term of existing copyrights by "
+"<i>seriatim</i> adoption of nominally “limited” extensions?"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐаблÑждалÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд, вÑноÑÑ
поÑÑановление о Ñом, ÑÑо ÑоглаÑно "
+"ÐаÑагÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÐонгÑеÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑаÑÑиÑÑÑÑ ÑÑок ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
"
+"авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав до неогÑаниÑеннÑÑ
пÑеделов поÑÑедÑÑвом <i>пооÑеÑедного</i> "
+"Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð»Ñно “огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
”
пÑодлений?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Contents"
+msgstr "СодеÑжание"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html16\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION01000000000000000000\">Question Presented</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html16\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION01000000000000000000\">ÐоÑÑановка вопÑоÑа</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html17\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION02000000000000000000\">Contents</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html17\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION02000000000000000000\">СодеÑжание</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html18\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION03000000000000000000\">Table of Authorities</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html18\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION03000000000000000000\">СÑÑлки</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html19\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION04000000000000000000\">Interest of <i>Amicus Curiae</i></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html19\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION04000000000000000000\">ÐнÑеÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñика</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html20\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION05000000000000000000\">Summary of Argument</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html20\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION05000000000000000000\">СÑÑÑ Ð°ÑгÑменÑаÑии</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html21\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06000000000000000000\">Argument</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html21\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06000000000000000000\">ÐÑгÑменÑаÑиÑ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html22\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06010000000000000000\">The Framers Intended Copyright to Be a "
+"Statutory Monopoly Awarded to Works of Authorship For A Strictly Limited "
+"Time</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html22\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06010000000000000000\">УÑÑедиÑели
пÑедполагали, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое "
+"пÑаво бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑидиÑеÑкой монополией,
коÑоÑой нагÑаждаÑÑ Ð·Ð° авÑоÑÑкие ÑабоÑÑ "
+"на ÑÑÑого огÑаниÑенное вÑемÑ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html23\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06020000000000000000\">The Historical Policy Embodied in the "
+"Copyright Clause is Absolutely Essential to Reconcile the Copyright Monopoly "
+"with the System of Free Expression</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html23\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06020000000000000000\">ÐÑÑоÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика,
Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² "
+"ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, ÑовеÑÑенно
необÑ
одима Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑоглаÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑко-"
+"пÑавовой монополии Ñ ÑиÑÑемой ÑвободÑ
вÑÑажениÑ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html24\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06021000000000000000\">Indefinite Extension of the Term of "
+"Monopoly on Existing Works of Authorship is Incompatible with Both the "
+"Copyright Clause and the First Amendment</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html24\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06021000000000000000\">ÐеогÑаниÑенное
ÑаÑÑиÑение ÑÑока монополии "
+"на ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие авÑоÑÑкие ÑабоÑÑ
неÑовмеÑÑимо как Ñ ÐаÑагÑаÑом об авÑоÑÑком
"
+"пÑаве, Ñак и Ñ ÐеÑвой попÑавкой</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html25\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06022000000000000000\">The Fifth Amendment Prohibits Legislative "
+"Action Such as This With Respect to Physical Property Rights, and There Is "
+"No Constitutional Justification for Permitting What Cannot Be Done with Mere "
+"Property to be Done with Free Expression</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html25\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06022000000000000000\">ÐÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка
запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе "
+"законодаÑелÑнÑе дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении
пÑав ÑизиÑеÑкой ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи, и не "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑиÑÑÑионного опÑавданиÑ
допÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо недопÑÑÑимо в
оÑноÑении обÑÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html26\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06030000000000000000\">Particular Dangers of Abuse and "
+"Corruption Justify Strict Constitutional Scrutiny When the Term of Statutory "
+"Monopolies is Extended</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html26\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION06030000000000000000\">РеалÑнÑе ÑгÑозÑ
злоÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ "
+"коÑÑÑпÑии опÑавдÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑогий
конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑаÑÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑока
"
+"ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
монополий</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"tex2html27\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION07000000000000000000\">Conclusion</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"tex2html27\" href=\"eldred-amicus."
+"html#SECTION07000000000000000000\">ÐаклÑÑение</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Table of Authorities"
+msgstr "СÑÑлки"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>Cases</i>"
+msgstr "<i>ÐÑеÑеденÑÑ</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919) 10"
+msgstr "ÐбÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑив СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов, 250
U.S. 616 (1919) 10"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Darcy v. Allen, (The Case of Monopolies),"
+msgstr "ÐаÑÑи пÑоÑив Ðллена (дело о монополиÑÑ
),"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "11 Co. Rep. 84 (1603) 5"
+msgstr "11 Co. Rep. 84 (1603) 5"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Eldred v. Reno, 239 F.3d 372 (CADC 2001) 7, <i>passim</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐлдÑед пÑоÑив Рено, 239 F.3d 372 (CADC 2001) 7, <i>во
многиÑ
меÑÑаÑ
</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone"
+msgstr "“ФейÑÑ Ð¿Ð°Ð±ÑликейÑнє пÑоÑив
“Ð ÑÑел ÑелеÑон"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Service, Co., Inc., 499 U.S. 340 (1991) 7,11,12"
+msgstr "ÑеÑвиє, 499 U.S. 340 (1991) 7,11,12"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Goldstein v. California, 412 U.S. 546 (1973) 12"
+msgstr "ÐолÑдÑÑейн пÑоÑив ÐалиÑоÑнии, 412 U.S. 546
(1973) 12"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. v. Nation"
+msgstr "“ÐаÑÐ¿ÐµÑ & Ð Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ð±Ð»Ð¸ÑеÑÑ”
пÑоÑив “ÐейÑн"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Enterprises, 471 U.S. 539 (1985) 9"
+msgstr "ÑнÑеÑпÑайзеє, 471 U.S. 539 (1985) 9"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Hawaii Housing Authority v."
+msgstr "“Ðавайи Ñ
аÑзинг оÑоÑиÑи” пÑоÑив"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Midkiff, 467 U.S. 229 (1984) 14"
+msgstr "ÐидкиÑÑа, 467 U.S. 229 (1984) 14"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964) 10"
+msgstr "“ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑк Таймє пÑоÑив
Салливана, 376 U.S. 254 (1964) 10"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union,"
+msgstr "Рено пÑоÑив СоÑза амеÑиканÑкиÑ
гÑажданÑкиÑ
Ñвобод,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "521 U.S. 844 (1997) 10"
+msgstr "521 U.S. 844 (1997) 10"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v."
+msgstr "“Сан-ФÑанÑиÑко аÑÑÑ &
аÑлеÑикє пÑоÑив"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "United States Olympic Committee,"
+msgstr "ÐлимпийÑкого комиÑеÑа СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "483 U.S. 522 (1987) 9"
+msgstr "483 U.S. 522 (1987) 9"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Schnapper v. Foley, 667 F.2d 102 (CADC 1981) 11"
+msgstr "Ð¨Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив Фоли, 667 F.2d 102 (CADC 1981) 11"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Singer Mfg. Co. v. June Mfg. Co., 163 U.S. 169 (1896) 11"
+msgstr ""
+"“ÐанÑÑакÑÑÑа СингеÑа” пÑоÑив
“ÐанÑÑакÑÑÑÑ ÐжÑна”, "
+"163 U.S. 169 (1896) 11"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Trademark Cases, 100 U.S. 82 (1879) 11"
+msgstr "Ðела о ÑоваÑнÑÑ
знакаÑ
, 100 U.S. 82 (1879) 11"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette,"
+msgstr "ÐбÑазоваÑелÑнÑй ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑ Ðападной
ÐиÑджинии пÑоÑив ÐаÑнеÑÑа,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "319 U.S. 624 (1943) 10"
+msgstr "319 U.S. 624 (1943) 10"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>Constitutions, Statutes, and Regulations</i>"
+msgstr "<i>ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии, ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ ноÑмÑ</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "U.S. Const. Art. I, §8, cl. 8 3, <i>passim</i>"
+msgstr "ÐонÑÑ. СШÐ, ÑÑ. I, §8, cl. 8 3, <i>во
многиÑ
меÑÑаÑ
</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "U.S. Const. Amend. I 7, <i>passim</i>"
+msgstr "ÐонÑÑ. СШÐ, ÐопÑавка I 7, <i>во многиÑ
меÑÑаÑ
</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "U.S. Const. Amend. V 13,14"
+msgstr "ÐонÑÑ. СШÐ, ÐопÑавка V 13,14"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Copyright Act of 1709 (Statute of Anne),"
+msgstr "Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве 1709 года
(СÑаÑÑÑ ÐннÑ),"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "8 Anne, c. 19 6"
+msgstr "8 Ðнна, c. 19 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Copyright Act of 1790, 1 Stat. 124 6"
+msgstr "Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве 1790 года, 1 Stat.
124 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term"
+msgstr "Ðакон Сонни Ðоно о ÑаÑÑиÑении ÑÑока"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Extension Act, Pub. L. No. 105-298,"
+msgstr "авÑоÑÑкого пÑава, Pub. L. No. 105-298,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Title I, 112 Stat. 2827 3, <i>passim</i>"
+msgstr "Ðлава I, 112 Stat. 2827 3, <i>во многиÑ
меÑÑаÑ
</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. I, c. 3 5"
+msgstr "СÑаÑÑÑ Ð¾ монополиÑÑ
, 21 Jac. I, c. 3 5"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<i>Other Materials</i>"
+msgstr "<i>ÐÑÑгие маÑеÑиалÑ</i>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Yochai Benkler, Free as the Air to Common"
+msgstr "ÐоÑай ÐенклеÑ, Свободен как веÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
обÑего "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Use: First Amendment Constraints on"
+msgstr "полÑзованиÑ: ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка
огÑаниÑиваеÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Enclosure of the Public Domain,"
+msgstr "ÑÑемление обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "74 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 354 (1999) 8"
+msgstr "74 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 354 (1999) 8"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "William Blackstone, Commentaries on"
+msgstr "УилÑÑм ÐлекÑÑон, ÐомменÑаÑии"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "the Laws of England (1769) 5"
+msgstr "к законам Ðнглии (1769) 5"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The Charter and General Laws of the Colony"
+msgstr "ХаÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ обÑие Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ и
пÑовинÑии"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "and Province of Massachusetts Bay (Boston, 1814) 6"
+msgstr "ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкого залива (ÐоÑÑон, 1814) 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "144 Cong. Rec. H9951 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 1998) 3"
+msgstr "144 ÐапиÑи ÐонгÑеÑÑа H9951 (ежедневнаÑ
Ñед. 7 окÑ. 1998) 3"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Thomas I. Emerson, The System of Freedom"
+msgstr "Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð. ÐмеÑÑон, СиÑÑема ÑвободÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "of Expression (1970) 9"
+msgstr "вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (1970) 9"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Max Farrand, The Records of the Federal"
+msgstr "ÐÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¤Ð°ÑÑанд, ÐапиÑи ФедеÑалÑного"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Convention of 1787 (1937) 6"
+msgstr "ÑобÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ 1787 года (1937) 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "George Lee Haskins, Law and Authority"
+msgstr "ÐжоÑдж Ðи ÐаÑкинÑ, Ðакон и влаÑÑи"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "in Early Massachusetts (1960) 6"
+msgstr "в СÑаÑом ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑе (1960) 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Melville B. Nimmer, Does Copyright Abridge"
+msgstr "Ðелвилл Ð. ÐиммеÑ, СокÑаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "the First Amendment Guaranties of Free Speech"
+msgstr "гаÑанÑии ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова и пÑеÑÑÑ,
даннÑе"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "and the Press?, 17 UCLA L. Rev. 1180 (1970) 8"
+msgstr "ÐеÑвой попÑавкой?, 17 UCLA L. Rev. 1180 (1970) 8"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Mark Rose, Authors and Owners:"
+msgstr "ÐаÑк Роз, ÐвÑоÑÑ Ð¸ владелÑÑÑ:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The Invention of Copyright (1993) 6"
+msgstr "ÐзобÑеÑение авÑоÑÑкого пÑава (1993) 6"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Cecily Violet Wedgwood, The King's Peace (1955) 5"
+msgstr "СеÑили ÐÐ°Ð¹Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ Ð£ÑджвÑд, ÐоÑолевÑкий
Ð¼Ð¸Ñ (1955) 5"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Interest of <i>Amicus Curiae</i>"
+msgstr "ÐнÑеÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñика"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This brief is filed on behalf of the Free Software Foundation, a charitable "
+"corporation with its main offices in Boston, Massachusetts.<a name="
+"\"tex2html1\" href=\"#foot151\"><strong>[1]</strong></a> The Foundation "
+"believes that people should be free to study, share and improve all the "
+"software they use, as they are free to share and improve all the recipes "
+"they cook with, and that this right is an essential aspect of the system of "
+"free expression in a technological society. The Foundation has been working "
+"to achieve this goal since 1985 by directly developing and distributing, and "
+"by helping others to develop and distribute, software that is licensed on "
+"terms that permit all users to copy, modify and redistribute the works, so "
+"long as they give others the same freedoms to use, modify and redistribute "
+"in turn. The Foundation is the largest single contributor to the GNU "
+"operating system (used widely today in its GNU/Linux variant for computers "
+"from PCs to supercomputer clusters). The Foundation's GNU General Public "
+"License is the most widely used “free software” license, "
+"covering major components of the GNU operating system and tens of thousands "
+"of other computer programs used on tens of millions of computers around the "
+"world. The Foundation is strongly interested in the use and development of "
+"copyright law to encourage sharing, and to protect the rights of users and "
+"the public domain."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´ пÑиводиÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸ Фонда
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, "
+"благоÑвоÑиÑелÑной оÑганизаÑии Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹
конÑоÑой в ÐоÑÑоне (ÑÑÐ°Ñ "
+"ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑ).<a id=\"tex2html1\"
href=\"#foot151\"><strong>[1]</strong></a> "
+"Фонд Ñбежден, ÑÑо лÑди Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑнÑ
изÑÑаÑÑ, пеÑедаваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг дÑÑÐ³Ñ Ð¸ "
+"ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ñе пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми они
полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ, подобно ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº они волÑÐ½Ñ "
+"пеÑедаваÑÑ Ð´ÑÑг дÑÑÐ³Ñ Ð¸ ÑлÑÑÑаÑÑ Ð²Ñе
кÑлинаÑнÑе ÑеÑепÑÑ, по коÑоÑÑм они "
+"гоÑовÑÑ, и ÑÑо пÑаво пÑедÑÑавлÑеÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑй аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком обÑеÑÑве. Фонд
ÑабоÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ доÑÑижением ÑÑой Ñели "
+"Ñ 1985 года, непоÑÑедÑÑвенно
ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¸ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑ, а Ñакже "
+"Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑгим ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑ Ð¸
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, лиÑензиÑованнÑе
на "
+"ÑÑловиÑÑ
, позволÑÑÑиÑ
вÑем полÑзоваÑелÑм
копиÑоваÑÑ, изменÑÑÑ Ð¸ "
+"пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑеÑ
поÑ,
пока они, в ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÑеÑедÑ, "
+"пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим Ñе же ÑамÑе ÑвободÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, изменÑÑÑ Ð¸ "
+"пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ. Фонд ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ
кÑÑпнейÑим ÑоÑазÑабоÑÑиком опеÑаÑионной "
+"ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU (ÑиÑоко пÑименÑемой ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²
ваÑианÑе GNU/Linux Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"ÑазнообÑазнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñ
пеÑÑоналÑнÑÑ
и заканÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑеÑами "
+"ÑÑпеÑкомпÑÑÑеÑов). ÐÑпÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñондом
СÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU "
+"пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑиÑоко
иÑполÑзÑемÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ “ÑвободнÑÑ
"
+"пÑогÑамм”. Ðна ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº на
главнÑе компоненÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионной "
+"ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, Ñак и на деÑÑÑки ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
компÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, "
+"пÑименÑемÑÑ
на деÑÑÑкаÑ
миллионов
компÑÑÑеÑов по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑ. Фонд "
+"глÑбоко заинÑеÑеÑован в пÑименении и
ÑазвиÑии авÑоÑÑкого пÑава Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"обмена, а Ñакже оÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñав полÑзоваÑелей
и обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Summary of Argument"
+msgstr "СÑÑÑ Ð°ÑгÑменÑаÑии"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Actually, Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright protection to last "
+"forever."
+msgstr ""
+"РдейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи Сонни [Ðоно] Ñ
оÑел,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑа авÑоÑÑкого пÑава длилаÑÑ "
+"веÑно."
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "--Rep. Mary Bono"
+msgstr "--ÐÑедÑÑ. ÐÑÑи Ðоно"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "144 Cong. Rec. H9951 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 1998)"
+msgstr "144 ÐапиÑи ÐонгÑеÑÑа H9951 (ежедневнаÑ
Ñед. 7 окÑ. 1998)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If the late Representative Bono believed that was possible, he was "
+"mistaken. The Court of Appeals erred in holding that Congressmen sharing "
+"his object can achieve what the Constitution expressly forbids, simply "
+"because they do so in a series of enactments rather than a single statute."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑли покойнÑй пÑедÑÑавиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ðоно бÑл
Ñбежден, ÑÑо Ñакое возможно, Ñо он "
+"оÑибалÑÑ. ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд заблÑждалÑÑ,
вÑноÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑановление о Ñом, ÑÑо "
+"конгÑеÑÑменÑ, ÑазделÑÑÑие его Ñели, могÑÑ
доÑÑиÑÑ Ñого, ÑÑо ÑвнÑм обÑазом "
+"запÑеÑено ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑией, еÑли они пÑоÑÑо
бÑдÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо ÑÑдом "
+"поÑледоваÑелÑнÑÑ
акÑов, а не единÑм
ÑÑаÑÑÑом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"No one seriously contends that Congress may achieve an expressly "
+"unauthorized end by dividing the means of its achievement into multiple "
+"statutes. Yet the Court of Appeals held that, so long as each individual "
+"statute states a precise numerical increment, Congress can extend the life "
+"of existing copyrights indefinitely. This conclusion is in direct conflict "
+"with the language of the Copyright Clause, Article I, §8, cl. 8, "
+"in its natural sense. The constitutional history of England and British "
+"North America, moreover, is unambiguous about the importance of “"
+"limited Times” in the control of all state-awarded monopolies, of "
+"which genus copyright and patent are species. The very evils that led "
+"English and British North American constitutional lawyers to insist on the "
+"strictly limited term of royal and statutory monopolies, and to embody that "
+"requirement in the Copyright Clause of Article I, are present in the "
+"retroactive extension of existing copyrights by the Sonny Bono Copyright "
+"Term Extension Act (CTEA), Pub. L. No. 105-298, Title I, 112 "
+"Stat. 2827, at issue in this case."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐикÑо вÑеÑÑез не оÑÑÑÐ°Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¼ÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо
ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑиÑÑ Ñвно "
+"недозволенной Ñели, Ñазделив ÑÑедÑÑва ее
доÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° некоÑоÑое ÑиÑло "
+"законодаÑелÑнÑÑ
акÑов. Тем не менее
ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд поÑÑановил, ÑÑо до ÑеÑ
"
+"поÑ, пока каждÑй оÑделÑно взÑÑÑй акÑ
ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑоÑно опÑеделенное "
+"ÑиÑловое пÑиÑаÑение, ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
пÑодлеваÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
авÑоÑÑкиÑ
"
+"пÑав неопÑеделенно долго. ÐÑо заклÑÑение
наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð² пÑÑмом пÑоÑивоÑеÑии Ñ "
+"ÑоÑмÑлиÑовкой ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком
пÑаве (ÑÑ. I, §8, паÑ. 8), в "
+"его еÑÑеÑÑвенном ÑмÑÑле. Ðолее Ñого,
конÑÑиÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸ÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ðнглии и "
+"ÐÑиÑанÑкой СевеÑной ÐмеÑики
недвÑÑмÑÑленно ÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° важноÑÑÑ “"
+"огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑоков” Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñеми
монополиÑми, коÑоÑÑми наделÑÐµÑ "
+"гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво, в ÑазÑÑд коÑоÑÑÑ
авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво и паÑенÑÑ Ð²Ñ
одÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº "
+"ÑазновидноÑÑи. Само Ñо зло, коÑоÑое
пÑивело конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑÑ
законодаÑелей "
+"Ðнглии и ÐÑиÑанÑкой СевеÑной ÐмеÑики к
ÑомÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑого "
+"огÑаниÑенном ÑÑоке коÑолевÑкиÑ
и
ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
монополий, а Ñакже к ÑомÑ, "
+"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑÑо ÑÑебование в ÑоÑÑав
ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве ÑÑаÑÑи I,"
+"— Ñамо ÑÑо зло пÑиÑÑÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð² пÑодлении
задним ÑиÑлом ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
"
+"авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав ÐкÑом Сонни Ðоно о
ÑаÑÑиÑении ÑÑока авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав (CTEA), "
+"Pub. L. No. 105-298, Title I, 112 Stat. 2827, коÑоÑÑй "
+"ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваеÑÑÑ Ð² данном ÑÑдебном
пÑоÑеÑÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the sphere of copyright, the limited time requirement protects the public "
+"domain, by providing for its constant enrichment. The public domain is an "
+"essential resource of our constitutional system of free expression. As this "
+"Court has previously recognized, several aspects of the copyright system "
+"represent constitutionally-required limitations on the nature of the "
+"monopoly Congress is empowered to grant. The limited term is not only a "
+"particularly important constitutional limitation on Congressional power by "
+"virtue of its presence in the text itself—which goes beyond the "
+"textually-implicit limitations of fair use and the idea-expression "
+"dichotomy—but also in the function it serves: the protection of the "
+"common resource of the public domain."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð ÑÑеÑе авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав ÑÑебование
огÑаниÑенноÑÑи во вÑемени заÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ "
+"обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние, пÑедÑÑмаÑÑиваÑ
его поÑÑоÑнное обогаÑение. "
+"ÐбÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние — важнаÑ
ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑионной ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободÑ
вÑÑажениÑ. Ðак Ñже пÑизнал в пÑоÑлом даннÑй
"
+"ÑÑд, неÑколÑко аÑпекÑов ÑиÑÑемÑ
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑебÑемÑе "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑией огÑаниÑениÑ, налагаемÑе на
пÑиÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸, пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ "
+"коÑоÑÑÑ ÑполномоÑен ÐонгÑеÑÑ.
ÐгÑаниÑение ÑÑока пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ñобо
важное "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑионное огÑаниÑение влаÑÑи
ÐонгÑеÑÑа не ÑолÑко в ÑвÑзи Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо "
+"оно пÑиÑÑÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð² Ñамом ÑекÑÑе — а
ÑÑо вÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° пÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвно "
+"подÑазÑмеваемÑÑ
огÑаниÑений, ÑвÑзаннÑÑ
Ñ
добÑоÑовеÑÑнÑм иÑполÑзованием и "
+"диÑ
оÑомией
“идеївÑÑажение” — но Ñакже "
+"благодаÑÑ ÑÑнкÑии, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ вÑполнÑеÑ:
оÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ñакого обÑедоÑÑÑпного "
+"ÑеÑÑÑÑа, как обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The CTEA unconstitutionally imperils the commons of the public domain by "
+"flouting the clear intention of the limited term requirement. If Congress "
+"had acted unilaterally to reduce copyright terms, as the Solicitor General "
+"seems to believe it may, forcing some material into the public domain "
+"decades ahead of current schedule, no doubt the copyright industries would "
+"attack the legislation as a taking. If, on the other hand, Congress acted "
+"to extend every 50-year lease by the federal government for an additional 99 "
+"years at the government's current rent, there is no question that "
+"compensation would be required. Congress should not be permitted to take "
+"the public's reversionary interest in the public domain, any more than it "
+"can take a portion of the copyright holder's original term or of any "
+"leasehold interest in real property. The constitutional system of free "
+"expression, the language of the Copyright Clause, and the history of our "
+"tradition demand no less."
+msgstr ""
+"CTEA неконÑÑиÑÑÑионно ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑгÑозÑ
ÑеÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ, "
+"пÑенебÑÐµÐ³Ð°Ñ ÑÑно обознаÑеннÑм
ÑÑебованием огÑаниÑенноÑÑи ÑÑока. ÐÑли Ð±Ñ "
+"ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвовал в одноÑÑоÑоннем
поÑÑдке в ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑоков "
+"авÑоÑÑкого пÑава (ÑÑо, по-видимомÑ,
ÐенеÑалÑнÑй ÑолиÑиÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ "
+"возможнÑм), пÑинÑдиÑелÑно вноÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð¹-Ñо
маÑеÑиал в обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние "
+"за деÑÑÑилеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑекÑÑиÑ
планов, Ñо
индÑÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого пÑава, неÑомненно, "
+"ÑаÑкÑиÑиковала Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑелÑнÑй
пÑоÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº пÑиÑинÑÑÑий ей ÑÑеÑб. ÐÑли бÑ, "
+"Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ, ÐонгÑеÑÑ ÑобиÑалÑÑ
пÑодлиÑÑ 50-леÑнÑÑ Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð´Ñ ÑедеÑалÑнÑÑ
"
+"оÑганов на дополниÑелÑнÑе 99 Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾
ÑекÑÑим ÑаÑÑенкам, Ñо, беÑÑпоÑно, "
+"поÑÑебовалаÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÐ½ÑаÑиÑ. ÐонгÑеÑÑÑ
не должно бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÑемлÑÑÑ "
+"инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва в возвÑаÑении в
обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние — ÑоÑно "
+"Ñак же, как ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ позволено оÑнимаÑÑ
ÑаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвонаÑалÑного ÑÑока Ñ "
+"пÑавообладаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑемлÑÑÑ
коммеÑÑеÑкие инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð°ÑендодаÑелей в "
+"веÑеÑÑвенной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи. ÐÑо Ñамое
малое, Ñего ÑÑебÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑиÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ "
+"ÑиÑÑема ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑажениÑ, ÑоÑмÑлиÑовка
ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, а "
+"Ñакже иÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑÑадиÑий."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Argument"
+msgstr "ÐÑгÑменÑаÑиÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"The Framers Intended Copyright to Be a Statutory Monopoly Awarded to Works "
+"of Authorship For A Strictly Limited Time"
+msgstr ""
+"УÑÑедиÑели пÑедполагали, ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑидиÑеÑкой монополией, "
+"коÑоÑой нагÑаждаÑÑ Ð·Ð° авÑоÑÑкие ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð°
ÑÑÑого огÑаниÑенное вÑемÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The words “for limited Times” appear in the Copyright Clause, "
+"Article I, §8, cl. 8 as the result of long and bitter experience "
+"with the constitutional evil of state-awarded monopolies. From the "
+"seventeenth century, the requirement of limitation in time was a basic "
+"constitutional mechanism for dealing with the potential for abuse of power "
+"inherent in the royal or statutory monopoly. The use by Queen Elizabeth of "
+"letters patent monopolizing certain trades as a means of raising money from "
+"bidders for monopoly profits gave rise to the case of <i>Darcy</i> v. "
+"<i>Allen</i>, (<i>The Case of Monopolies</i>), 11 Co. Rep. 84 (1603), in "
+"which a royal patent monopoly on the making and distribution of playing "
+"cards was held void. Parliament followed in 1624 with the Statute of "
+"Monopolies, 21 Jac. I, c. 3, which declared that only Parliament "
+"might grant statutory monopolies, limited to new inventions, for a period "
+"not to exceed fourteen years. <i>See</i> 4 William Blackstone, "
+"<i>Commentaries on the Laws of England</i> *159 (1769). This constitutional "
+"limitation was evaded by Charles I during his period of despotic personal "
+"rule; the resulting royal monopolies formed a significant grievance in the "
+"years leading up to the English Civil War. <i>See</i> Cecily Violet "
+"Wedgwood, <i>The King's Peace</i> 156-62 (1955)."
+msgstr ""
+"Слова “на огÑаниÑеннÑе ÑÑоки”
поÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÐаÑагÑаÑе об "
+"авÑоÑÑком пÑаве (ÑÑаÑÑÑ I, §8, паÑ. 8) в
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе длиÑелÑного и "
+"непÑиÑÑного опÑÑа ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð»Ð°,
ÑвÑзанного Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñми, коÑоÑÑми "
+"пÑемиÑовало гоÑÑдаÑÑÑво. С ÑемнадÑаÑого
века ÑÑебование огÑаниÑенноÑÑи ÑÑока "
+"бÑло оÑновнÑм конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑм меÑ
анизмом
боÑÑÐ±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñми "
+"злоÑпоÑÑеблениÑми влаÑÑÑÑ, пÑиÑÑÑими
коÑолевÑким или ÑÑидиÑеÑким монополиÑм. "
+"ÐÑименение коÑолевой ÐлизавеÑой
паÑенÑнÑÑ
пиÑем, монополизиÑÑÑÑиÑ
"
+"опÑеделеннÑе ÑÑеÑÑ Ð¿ÑомÑÑленноÑÑи, как
ÑпоÑоб полÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑедÑÑв Ð¾Ñ "
+"иÑпÑаÑиваÑÑиÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° доÑ
одÑ,
пÑивело к ÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑÑ <cite>ÐаÑÑи "
+"пÑоÑив Ðллена (дело о монополиÑÑ
), 11 Co. Rep. 84
(1603)</cite>, в коÑоÑом "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑолевÑкого паÑенÑа на
пÑоизводÑÑво и ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð³ÑалÑнÑÑ
"
+"каÑÑ Ð±Ñла пÑизнана ниÑÑожной. ÐаÑем Ñо
ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑламенÑа поÑледовал СÑаÑÑÑ "
+"о монополиÑÑ
(21 Jac. I, c. 3) 1624 года, в
коÑоÑом "
+"обÑÑвлÑлоÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑолÑко паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ ÑÑидиÑеÑкие монополии, "
+"огÑаниÑеннÑе новÑми изобÑеÑениÑми, на
ÑÑок, не пÑевоÑÑ
одÑÑий ÑеÑÑÑнадÑаÑи "
+"леÑ. <i>См.</i> 4 УилÑÑм ÐлекÑÑон,
<cite>ÐомменÑаÑии к законам Ðнглии</cite> "
+"*159 (1769). ÐÑо конÑÑиÑÑÑионное огÑаниÑение
бÑло наÑÑÑено ÐаÑлом I во вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
+"пеÑиода его деÑпоÑиÑного лиÑного
пÑавлениÑ; ÑÑо пÑивело к коÑолевÑким "
+"монополиÑм, вÑзвавÑим ÑÑÑеÑÑвенное
недоволÑÑÑво в годÑ, пÑедÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие "
+"ÐнглийÑкой гÑажданÑкой войне. <i>См.</i>
СеÑили ÐÐ°Ð¹Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ Ð£ÑджвÑд, "
+"<cite>ÐоÑолевÑкий миÑ</cite> 156-62 (1955)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"American colonists at odds with the government of Charles I perceived the "
+"evil of governmental monopolies; in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as early as "
+"1641, the Colony's General Court decreed that “there shall be no "
+"monopolies granted or allowed amongst us, but of such new inventions that "
+"are profitable to the country, and that for a short time.” <i>The "
+"Charter and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay</i> "
+"170 (Boston, 1814); see also George Lee Haskins, <i>Law and Authority in "
+"Early Massachusetts</i> 130 (1960)."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐмеÑиканÑкие колониÑÑÑ, наÑ
одÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾
вÑаждебнÑÑ
оÑноÑениÑÑ
Ñ Ñежимом ÐаÑла I, "
+"оÑÑеÑливо оÑознавали зло, пÑоиÑÑекаÑÑее
из гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑÑ
монополий; в "
+"колонии ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкого залива
ÐенеÑалÑнÑй ÑÑд Ñже в 1641 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"поÑÑановил, ÑÑо “не жалÑеÑÑÑ Ð¸ не
дозволÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ нами никакиÑ
"
+"монополий, кÑоме монополий на новÑе
изобÑеÑениÑ, к вÑгоде Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ "
+"ÑпоÑÑеблÑемÑе, да и ÑеÑ
лиÑÑ Ð½Ð° кÑаÑкое
вÑемє. <cite>ХаÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ обÑие "
+"Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ и пÑовинÑии
ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑкого залива</cite> (ÐоÑÑон, 1814); Ñм. "
+"Ñакже ÐжоÑдж Ðи ÐаÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ñ <cite>Ðакон и влаÑÑи
в СÑаÑом ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑе</cite> "
+"130 (1960)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When the Copyright Act of 1709, the famous “Statute of Anne,” "
+"was framed, the drafters insisted on a limited term far more stringent than "
+"authors, including John Locke, had proposed; they adopted the fourteen-year "
+"limit from the Statute of Monopolies. <i>See</i> Mark Rose, <i>Authors and "
+"Owners: The Invention of Copyright</i> 44-47 (1993). The term provided by "
+"the Statute of Anne, fourteen years with a renewal of fourteen years if the "
+"author survived the first term, was adopted by First Congress in the "
+"Copyright Act of 1790. <i>See</i> Copyright Act of 1709, 8 Anne, c."
+" 19; Act of May 31, 1790, 1 Stat. 124-25."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðогда ÑоÑÑавлÑлÑÑ Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком
пÑаве 1709 года, знамениÑÑй “"
+"СÑаÑÑÑ Ðннє, ÑедакÑоÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаивали на
огÑаниÑенном ÑÑоке, более "
+"жеÑÑком, Ñем пÑедлагали авÑоÑÑ, вклÑÑаÑ
Ðжона Ðокка; они взÑли "
+"ÑеÑÑÑнадÑаÑилеÑний пÑедел из СÑаÑÑÑа о
монополиÑÑ
. <i>См.</i> ÐаÑк Роз "
+"<cite>ÐвÑоÑÑ Ð¸ владелÑÑÑ: ÐзобÑеÑение
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава</cite> 44-47 (1993). "
+"СÑок, ÑказаннÑй в СÑаÑÑÑе ÐннÑ,—
ÑеÑÑÑнадÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ еÑе "
+"на ÑеÑÑÑнадÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ, еÑли авÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±Ñл жив к
конÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвого ÑÑока,— бÑл "
+"пÑинÑÑ ÐонгÑеÑÑом ÐеÑвого ÑозÑва в Ðаконе
об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве 1790 года. "
+"<i>См.</i> <cite>Ðакон об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве
1709 года</cite>, 8 Ðнна "
+"c 19; <cite>Ðакон 31 Ð¼Ð°Ñ 1790 года</cite>, 1 Stat.
124-25."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Framers of the Constitution unanimously accepted the idea of the limited "
+"term for copyrights in the drafting of Article I, without substantial "
+"discussion. <i>See</i> 2 Max Farrand, <i>The Records of the Federal "
+"Convention of 1787</i>, at 321-325, 505-510, 570, 595 (1937).<a name="
+"\"tex2html2\" href=\"#foot152\"><strong>[2]</strong></a> In doing so, as the "
+"subsequent employment in the Copyright Act of 1790 of the term of years from "
+"the Statute of Monopolies shows, the Framers and the First Congress acted in "
+"full awareness of the long history of attempts to control the harm done by "
+"statutory monopolies by limiting their term."
+msgstr ""
+"УÑÑедиÑели ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии единодÑÑно
пÑинÑли мÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ð± огÑаниÑении ÑÑока "
+"авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав пÑи ÑоÑÑавлении ÑÑаÑÑи I,
без ÑодеÑжаÑелÑнÑÑ
обÑÑждений. "
+"<i>См.</i> 2 ÐÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¤Ð°ÑÑанд, <cite>ÐапиÑи
ФедеÑалÑного ÑобÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ 1787 года</"
+"cite>, 321-325, 505-510, 570, 595 (1937)<a id=\"tex2html2\" href="
+"\"#foot152\"><strong>[2]</strong></a>. ÐоÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ Ñак, как
показало "
+"поÑледÑÑÑее заимÑÑвование ÑÑока из
СÑаÑÑÑа о монополиÑÑ
в Ðаконе об "
+"авÑоÑÑком пÑаве 1790 года, УÑÑедиÑели и
ÐонгÑеÑÑ ÐеÑвого ÑозÑва дейÑÑвовали "
+"в ÑÑловиÑÑ
полной оÑведомленноÑÑи о
долгой иÑÑоÑии деÑÑелÑноÑÑи по конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ "
+"ÑÑеÑба, наноÑимого ÑÑидиÑеÑкими
монополиÑми, поÑÑедÑÑвом огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
"
+"ÑÑока."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The constitutional importance of the “limited Times” restriction "
+"cannot be vitiated, as the Court of Appeals' reasoning would do, by "
+"affording Congress the opportunity to create perpetuities on the installment "
+"plan, any more than Congress can eliminate the constitutional requirement of "
+"originality. <i>Feist Publications, Inc.</i> v. <i>Rural Telephone Service, "
+"Co., Inc.</i>, 499 U.S. 340, 346-347 (1991). The Court of Appeals erred "
+"fundamentally in its conclusion that there is “nothing in text or in "
+"history that suggests that a term of years for a copyright is not a ‘"
+"limited Time’ if it may later be extended for another ‘limited "
+"Time.’” <i>Eldred</i> v. <i>Reno</i>, 239 F.3d 372, 379 (CADC "
+"2001). In this regard, the CTEA should not be judged in isolation. The "
+"question is whether there is anything in text or history rendering "
+"constitutionally objectionable the eleven extensions of the monopoly term in "
+"the last forty years, resulting in a virtual cessation of enlargements to "
+"the public domain, capped by the statute before the Court, which postpones "
+"the reversion on every single existing copyright for decades."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑионное знаÑение ÑÑебованиÑ
“огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑоков” нелÑÐ·Ñ "
+"извÑаÑаÑÑ, как ÑÑо делали Ð±Ñ ÑаÑÑÑждениÑ
ÐпеллÑÑионного ÑÑда, допÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"ÐонгÑеÑÑа возможноÑÑÑ ÑоздаваÑÑ
неогÑаниÑенно пÑодлеваемÑе ÑÑоки,— не "
+"более, Ñем позволÑÑ ÐонгÑеÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑанÑÑÑ
конÑÑиÑÑÑионное ÑÑебование "
+"оÑигиналÑноÑÑи. <cite>“ФейÑÑ
пабÑликейÑнє пÑоÑив “Ð ÑÑел "
+"ÑелеÑон ÑеÑвиє</cite>, 499 U.S. 340, 346-347 (1991).
ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй "
+"ÑÑд допÑÑÑил пÑинÑипиалÑнÑÑ Ð¾ÑибкÑ,
Ñделав заклÑÑение, ÑÑо “ни в "
+"ÑекÑÑе, ни в иÑÑоÑии Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего, ÑÑо
ÑказÑвало Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо ÑÑок дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ "
+"авÑоÑÑкого пÑава не “огÑаниÑен во
вÑемени”, еÑли он впоÑледÑÑвии "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑиÑен до дÑÑгого
“огÑаниÑенного вÑемени””. "
+"<cite>ÐлдÑед пÑоÑив Рено</cite>, 239 F.3d 372, 379 (CADC
2001). Ð ÑвÑзи Ñ "
+"ÑÑим Ðакон о ÑаÑÑиÑении ÑÑока авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав не должен ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваеÑÑÑ Ð² "
+"изолÑÑии. ÐопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð² Ñом, еÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑо-либо в
ÑекÑÑе или в иÑÑоÑии, делаÑÑее "
+"анÑиконÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑми одиннадÑаÑÑ
пÑодлений ÑÑока монополий за поÑледние "
+"ÑоÑок леÑ, коÑоÑÑе пÑивели по ÑÑÑи к
пÑекÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑа обÑеÑÑвенного "
+"доÑÑоÑниÑ, опеÑаÑанного пеÑед лиÑом ÑÑда
законом, коÑоÑÑй оÑкладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ "
+"каждого оÑделÑно взÑÑого авÑоÑÑкого
пÑава на деÑÑÑилеÑиÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"The Historical Policy Embodied in the Copyright Clause is Absolutely "
+"Essential to Reconcile the Copyright Monopoly with the System of Free "
+"Expression"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÑоÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика, Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²
ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, ÑовеÑÑенно "
+"необÑ
одима Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑоглаÑованиÑ
авÑоÑÑко-пÑавовой монополии Ñ ÑиÑÑемой
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑажениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As important as the principle of limited time is in the general restraint of "
+"the harms that flow from statutory monopolies, in the area of copyright it "
+"has an even more crucial purpose to serve. The limited term of copyright "
+"ensures the steady replenishment of the public domain, the vast repository "
+"of the common culture of humankind. The public domain is the springboard of "
+"societal creativity, the zone of free reproduction and exchange that makes "
+"innovation possible. As Yochai Benkler has elegantly shown, the existence "
+"of a vital and expanding public domain reconciles the exclusive rights of "
+"the copyright system with the underlying goals of the system of free "
+"expression protected by the First Amendment. <i>See</i> Yochai Benkler, "
+"<i>Free as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure "
+"of the Public Domain</i>, 74 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 354, 386-394 (1999). The Court "
+"below erred in its facile dismissal of petitioners' First Amendment "
+"concerns. That Court first held in its opinion that the First Amendment's "
+"requirements are “categorically” satisfied by the distinction "
+"between expression and idea, and then that any material covered by copyright "
+"but subject to the defense of fair use is therefore so copiously protected "
+"for purposes of free expression that no First Amendment claim can possibly "
+"lie. 239 F.3d, at 375-376."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðак ни важен пÑинÑип огÑаниÑенноÑÑи во
вÑемени Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñего ÑÑегÑлиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
+"ÑÑеÑбов, пÑоиÑÑекаÑÑиÑ
из ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
монополий, в ÑÑеÑе авÑоÑÑкого пÑава он "
+"ÑлÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑе более кÑиÑиÑной Ñели.
ÐгÑаниÑение ÑÑока авÑоÑÑкого пÑава "
+"гаÑанÑиÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑнное пополнение
обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ, ÑÑого обÑиÑного "
+"Ñ
ÑанилиÑа обÑей кÑлÑÑÑÑÑ ÑеловеÑеÑÑва.
ÐбÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ "
+"ÑÑамплин обÑеÑÑвенного ÑвоÑÑеÑÑва, зонÑ
Ñвободного воÑпÑоизводÑÑва и обмена, "
+"коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñий.
Ðак изÑÑно показал ÐоÑай ÐенклеÑ, "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвование жизнеÑпоÑобного и
ÑаÑÑÑÑего обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ
пÑимиÑÑÐµÑ "
+"иÑклÑÑиÑелÑнÑе пÑава ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого
пÑава Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñами ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑажениÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÐеÑваÑ
попÑавка. <i>См.</i> ÐоÑай ÐенклеÑ, "
+"<cite>Свободен как веÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñего
полÑзованиÑ: ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка "
+"огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑемление обÑеÑÑвенного
доÑÑоÑниÑ</cite> 74 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 354, "
+"386-394 (1999). СÑд допÑÑÑил оÑибкÑ, оÑклонÑÑ Ñ
легкоÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑвиÑелей "
+"каÑаÑелÑно ÐеÑвой попÑавки. СнаÑала ÑÑоÑ
ÑÑд заÑвил, ÑÑо ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐеÑвой "
+"попÑавки “каÑегоÑиÑеÑки”
ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑазлиÑием Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑажением и идеей, а Ñакже Ñем, ÑÑо лÑбой
маÑеÑиал, на коÑоÑÑй "
+"ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое пÑаво, вÑ
одиÑ
в ÑÑеÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑоÑовеÑÑного "
+"иÑполÑзованиÑ, а ÑÑало бÑÑÑ, наÑÑолÑко
оÑноваÑелÑно заÑиÑен Ñ ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑажениÑ, ÑÑо Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐеÑваÑ
попÑавка заÑÑагиваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ можеÑ. 239 "
+"F.3d, на 375-376."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This position simply cannot be right. The Court below conceded that an "
+"attempt by Congress to make copyright perpetual <i>in haec verba</i> would "
+"be prohibited by the language of the Copyright Clause. <i>Id.</i>, at 377. "
+"But even if the subterfuge of achieving perpetuity piecemeal, by repeated "
+"retroactive extensions, somehow evades the plain command of the Copyright "
+"Clause, it does not thus render impotent the First Amendment. As the great "
+"copyright scholar Melville Nimmer asked:"
+msgstr ""
+"Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑоÑка зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ
веÑной. СÑд ÑоглаÑилÑÑ Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо "
+"попÑÑка ÐонгÑеÑÑа ÑделаÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво веÑнÑм <i>в Ñакой ÑоÑмÑлиÑовке</i> "
+"бÑла Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑеÑена ÑекÑÑом ÐаÑагÑаÑа об
авÑоÑÑком пÑаве. <i>Там же</i>, 377. "
+"Ðо даже еÑли маневÑ, ÑоÑÑоÑÑий в
доÑÑижении веÑноÑÑи по ÑаÑÑÑм, "
+"поÑледоваÑелÑнÑми пÑодлениÑми Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑной
Ñилой, каким-Ñо обÑазом обÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ "
+"пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑкÑÐ¸Ñ ÐаÑагÑаÑа об
авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, ÑÑо Ñем ÑамÑм не оÑменÑÐµÑ "
+"ÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ ÐеÑвой попÑавки. Ðак вÑÑазилÑÑ
великий иÑÑледоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого пÑава "
+"Ðелвилл ÐиммеÑ,"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"If I may own Blackacre in perpetuity, why not also <i>Black Beauty</i>? The "
+"answer lies in the first amendment. There is no countervailing speech "
+"interest which must be balanced against perpetual ownership of tangible real "
+"and personal property. There is such a speech interest, with respect to "
+"literary property, or copyright."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑли Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð²ÐµÑно владеÑÑ Ð·ÐµÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ¹ в наÑей
ÑÑÑане, поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑ "
+"веÑно и <cite>ÐлиÑой в СÑÑане ÑÑдеÑ</cite>?
ÐÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÐеÑвой попÑавке. "
+"ÐÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ аÑпекÑа ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова,
коÑоÑÑй нÑжно ÑÑавновеÑиваÑÑ Ð² ÑÑеÑб "
+"веÑного Ð²Ð»Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑзаемой веÑеÑÑвенной
и лиÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑÑ. Такой "
+"аÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова еÑÑÑ Ð² оÑноÑении
лиÑеÑаÑÑÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи, Ñо еÑÑÑ "
+"авÑоÑÑкого пÑава."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Melville B. Nimmer, <i>Does Copyright Abridge the First Amendment Guaranties "
+"of Free Speech and the Press?</i>, 17 UCLA L. Rev. 1180, 1193 (1970)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðелвилл Ð. ÐиммеÑ, <cite>СокÑаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво гаÑанÑии ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова "
+"и пÑеÑÑÑ, даннÑе ÐеÑвой попÑавкой?</cite>, 17
UCLA L. Rev. 1180, 1193 (1970)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nor has the Court of Appeals' position any support in the holdings of this "
+"Court. On the contrary, as this Court's cases make clear, copyright and "
+"related statutory monopolies in expression must conform like any other "
+"regulation of speech to the requirements of the First Amendment. In "
+"<i>Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.</i> v. <i>Nation Enterprises</i>, 471 "
+"U.S. 539 (1985), this Court rejected what it characterized as “a "
+"public figure exception to copyright,” because it found sufficient "
+"“the First Amendment protections already embodied in the Copyright "
+"Act's distinction between … facts and ideas, and the latitude for "
+"scholarship and comment traditionally afforded by fair use.” <i>Id.</"
+"i>, at 560. Thus, the Court said, it found “no warrant” for a "
+"further expansion of the doctrine of fair use. <i>Id.</i> This by no means "
+"implies, as the Court of Appeals somehow concluded, that <i>Harper & "
+"Row</i> stands as an “insuperable” bar to all First Amendment "
+"challenges to all subsequent copyright statutes. <i>See</i> 239 F.3d, at "
+"375. In <i>San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc.</i> v. <i>United States "
+"Olympic Committee</i>, 483 U.S. 522 (1987), this Court applied standard "
+"First Amendment analysis to a statute conveying special quasi-trademark "
+"protection to the word “Olympic,” asking “whether the "
+"incidental restrictions on First Amendment freedoms are greater than "
+"necessary to further a substantial government interest.” <i>Id.</i>, "
+"at 537 (citation omitted)."
+msgstr ""
+"РавнÑм обÑазом ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд не
вÑÑÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑжки в поÑÑановлениÑÑ
"
+"ÑÑого ÑÑда. ÐапÑоÑив, как ÑвÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð·
ÑаÑÑмоÑÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑим ÑÑдом пÑеÑеденÑов, "
+"авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво и ÑвÑзаннÑе Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼
ÑÑидиÑеÑкие монополии на вÑÑажение Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ "
+"ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвоваÑÑ, как лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ñма,
каÑаÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑеÑи, ÑÑебованиÑм ÐеÑвой "
+"попÑавки. Рделе “ÐаÑÐ¿ÐµÑ & РоÑ
паблиÑеÑÑ” пÑоÑив “"
+"ÐейÑн ÑнÑеÑпÑайзеє, 471 U.S. 539 (1985), ÑÑоÑ
ÑÑд оÑклонил Ñо, ÑÑо он "
+"оÑ
аÑакÑеÑизовал как “иÑклÑÑение из
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенной "
+"ÑигÑÑÑ”, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½ наÑел
доÑÑаÑоÑнÑм, ÑÑо “гаÑанÑии ÐеÑвой "
+"попÑавки Ñже вклÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð² ÑазлиÑие Ðаконом
об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве междÑ... ÑакÑами "
+"и идеÑми, а пÑоÑÑÑанÑÑво Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑной
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи и кÑиÑики ÑÑадиÑионно "
+"обеÑпеÑивалоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÑиной
добÑоÑовеÑÑного иÑполÑзованиє. <i>Там
же</"
+"i>, на 560. Таким обÑазом, по заÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑда,
он не наÑел “никакиÑ
"
+"оÑнований” Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑнейÑего ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ
докÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±ÑоÑовеÑÑного "
+"иÑполÑзованиÑ. <i>Там же</i>. ÐÑо никоим
обÑазом не подÑазÑмеваеÑ, как по "
+"каким-Ñо ÑообÑажениÑм ÑеÑил
ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд, ÑÑо пÑеÑеденÑ
“ÐаÑÐ¿ÐµÑ "
+"& Роє ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ “непÑеодолимой”
пÑегÑадой пеÑед вÑеми "
+"возÑажениÑми ÐеÑвой попÑавки пÑоÑив
поÑледÑÑÑиÑ
авÑоÑÑко-пÑавовÑÑ
"
+"законодаÑелÑнÑÑ
акÑов. <i>См.</i> 239 F.3d, на 375.
Рделе “Сан-"
+"ФÑанÑиÑко аÑÑÑ & аÑлеÑикє пÑоÑив
ÐлимпийÑкого комиÑеÑа "
+"СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов 483 U.S. 522 (1987) ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑд
пÑименил ÑÑандаÑÑнÑй анализ "
+"ÐеÑвой попÑавки к законÑ, ÑегÑлиÑÑÑÑемÑ
оÑобÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
ÑанÑ, ÑÑ
однÑÑ Ñ ÑоваÑнÑм "
+"знаком, к ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ñ “олимпийÑкий”,
поÑÑавив вопÑÐ¾Ñ “"
+"пÑевоÑÑ
одÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ побоÑнÑе огÑаниÑениÑ
Ñвобод ÐеÑвой попÑавки необÑ
одимÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"ÑÑимÑлиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑеÑÑвенного доÑ
ода
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑва”. <i>Там же</i>, на "
+"537 (ÑиÑаÑа опÑÑена)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The First Amendment abhors the vacuum of limited expression. The making of "
+"new works by the criticism, imitation, revision, and rearrangement of "
+"existing material is the hallmark of literate culture in all the arts and "
+"sciences. The First Amendment establishes not merely a series of "
+"independent doctrines, but a “system of free expression.” "
+"<i>See</i> Thomas I. Emerson, <i>The System of Freedom of Expression</i> "
+"(1970). Our constitutional commitments to an “uninhibited, robust, "
+"and wide-open” public debate, <i>New York Times Co.</i> v. "
+"<i>Sullivan</i>, 376 U.S. 254, 270 (1964), a “marketplace of ideas,"
+"” <i>Reno</i> v. <i>American Civil Liberties Union</i>, 521 U.S. 844, "
+"885 (1997); <i>cf.</i> <i>Abrams</i> v. <i>United States</i>, 250 U.S. 616, "
+"630 (1919), where there shall be no power to “prescribe what shall be "
+"orthodox” <i>West Virginia Board of Education</i> v. <i>Barnette</i>, "
+"319 U.S. 624, 642 (1943), require us to view with great skepticism all "
+"restrictions on the formation and expression of ideas. Laws tending to "
+"establish monopolies in the expression of ideas must pass the exacting "
+"scrutiny that protects our most fundamental freedoms. The Copyright Clause "
+"does not exempt the legislation enacted under it from such scrutiny, but "
+"rather establishes principles that enable statutory monopolies and freedom "
+"of expression to coexist. Of these, the principle of limitation in time is "
+"far from the least important. By refusing to consider the effect of the "
+"instant legislation in the broader context of a Congressional policy of "
+"piecemeal, indefinite, wholesale extension of copyrights, and in relation to "
+"the purposes established by the Copyright Clause itself, the Court of "
+"Appeals failed in its duty to protect the invaluable interests of the system "
+"of free expression."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка не ÑеÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð°ÐºÑÑма
огÑаниÑенноÑÑи вÑÑажениÑ. Создание новÑÑ
"
+"пÑоизведений поÑÑедÑÑвом кÑиÑики,
подÑажаниÑ, пеÑеÑмоÑÑа и пеÑеоÑоÑÐ¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑего маÑеÑиала ÑоÑÑавлÑеÑ
неоÑÑемлемÑй пÑизнак ÑазвиÑой кÑлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ "
+"вÑеÑ
иÑкÑÑÑÑваÑ
, маÑÑеÑÑÑваÑ
и наÑкаÑ
.
ÐеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑоÑÑо ÑÑд "
+"незавиÑимÑÑ
докÑÑин, но “ÑиÑÑемÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑажениє. <i>См.</i> "
+"Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð. ÐмеÑÑон, <cite>СиÑÑема ÑвободÑ
вÑÑажениÑ</cite> (1970). ÐаÑа "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑивеÑженноÑÑÑ
“беÑпÑепÑÑÑÑвеннÑм, ÑÑÑойÑивÑм и ÑиÑоко
"
+"оÑкÑÑÑÑм” обÑеÑÑвеннÑм диÑкÑÑÑиÑм
(“ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑк Таймє пÑоÑив "
+"Салливана, 376 U.S. 254, 270 (1964)), “ÑÑнкÑ
идей” (ÐбÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ "
+"пÑоÑив Рено пÑоÑив СоÑза амеÑиканÑкиÑ
гÑажданÑкиÑ
Ñвобод, 521 U.S. 844, 885 "
+"(1997), ÑÑ. СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов, 250 U.S. 616, 630 (1919),
где ни Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
"
+"влаÑÑей не допÑÑкаеÑÑÑ “пÑедпиÑÑваÑÑ,
ÑÑо ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ "
+"оÑÑодокÑалÑнÑм”. Ðело ÐбÑазоваÑелÑнÑй
ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑ Ðападной ÐиÑджинии пÑоÑив "
+"ÐаÑнеÑÑа, 319 U.S. 624, 642 (1943), ÑÑебÑеÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼Ñ
ÑмоÑÑели Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑим "
+"ÑкепÑиÑизмом на вÑе огÑаниÑениÑ
ÑоÑмиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¹. ÐаконÑ, "
+"ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑÑÑие ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ на
вÑÑажение идей, пÑи пÑименении "
+"Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑ
одиÑÑ Ð¿ÑовеÑкÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
заÑиÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ñи ÑÑндаменÑалÑнейÑие ÑвободÑ. "
+"ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве не
оÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð¶Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ ÑеализÑÑÑее его
законодаÑелÑÑÑво "
+"Ð¾Ñ Ñакой пÑовеÑки, а ÑÑÑанавливаеÑ
пÑинÑипÑ, позволÑÑÑие ÑÑидиÑеÑким "
+"монополиÑм ÑоÑÑÑеÑÑвоваÑÑ Ñо Ñвободой
вÑÑажениÑ. ÐÑинÑип огÑаниÑенноÑÑи во "
+"вÑемени пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÐµÐºÐ¾ не ÑамÑй
малознаÑиÑелÑнÑй из ÑÑиÑ
пÑинÑипов. "
+"ÐÑказÑваÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ
нÑнеÑнего законодаÑелÑного пÑоÑеÑÑа в "
+"более ÑиÑоком конÑекÑÑе полиÑики
ÐонгÑеÑÑа в оÑноÑении поÑÑепенного "
+"неогÑаниÑенного повалÑного пÑодлениÑ
авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав и в ÑвÑзи Ñ ÑелÑми, "
+"ÑÑÑанавливаемÑми Ñамим ÐаÑагÑаÑом об
авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд не "
+"вÑполнил Ñвоей обÑзанноÑÑи заÑиÑаÑÑ
беÑÑеннÑе инÑеÑеÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"вÑÑажениÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid ""
+"Indefinite Extension of the Term of Monopoly on Existing Works of Authorship "
+"is Incompatible with Both the Copyright Clause and the First Amendment"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐеогÑаниÑенное ÑаÑÑиÑение ÑÑока
монополии на ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие авÑоÑÑкие
ÑабоÑÑ "
+"неÑовмеÑÑимо как Ñ ÐаÑагÑаÑом об
авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, Ñак и Ñ ÐеÑвой попÑавкой"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Precisely because the creation of exclusive rights in expressions inevitably "
+"involves some danger of the monopolization of ideas, it is crucial to the "
+"coexistence of copyright and the First Amendment that all exclusive rights "
+"over expressions are limited in time. At some specific moment, all "
+"exclusionary rights must end. Under our Constitution, the reversion of "
+"every work of authorship is irrevocably vested in the public."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðменно поÑомÑ, ÑÑо Ñоздание
иÑклÑÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
пÑав на вÑÑажениÑ
неизбежно "
+"ÑопÑÑжено Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑой опаÑноÑÑÑÑ
монополизаÑии идей, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
+"авÑоÑÑкого пÑава и ÐеÑвой попÑавки
жизненно важно, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе иÑклÑÑиÑелÑнÑе "
+"пÑава на вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñли огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð¾
вÑемени. Ркакой-Ñо конкÑеÑнÑй Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ "
+"вÑе иÑклÑÑаÑÑие пÑава должнÑ
пÑекÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ. Ðо наÑей ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии
пÑекÑаÑение "
+"дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав на лÑбое
пÑоизведение необÑаÑимо пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐµÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ "
+"обÑеÑÑвенноÑÑи."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This reversion is not constitutionally optional. In the context of patents, "
+"this Court has described the reversion as a “condition” that the "
+"work subject to temporary statutory monopoly will pass into the public "
+"domain upon the patent's expiration. <i>Singer Mfg. Co.</i> v. <i>June Mfg. "
+"Co.</i>, 163 U.S. 169, 185 (1896)."
+msgstr ""
+"С ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии ÑÑо
пÑекÑаÑение обÑзаÑелÑно. РконÑекÑÑе
паÑенÑов "
+"ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑд опиÑÑвал Ñакое пÑекÑаÑение как
“ÑÑловие” Ñого, ÑÑо "
+"пÑоизведение, на коÑоÑое
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑидиÑеÑкаÑ
монополиÑ, "
+"пеÑÐµÐ¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние по
иÑÑеÑении ÑÑока паÑенÑа. “"
+"ÐанÑÑакÑÑÑа СингеÑа” пÑоÑив
“ÐанÑÑакÑÑÑÑ ÐжÑна”, 163 U.S. "
+"169, 185 (1896)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Notwithstanding this evident constitutional principle, the Court of Appeals "
+"held that Congress may create a perpetuity in copyrights so long as it does "
+"so sequentially, by repeatedly extending all existing copyrights for "
+"nominally “limited” terms. This holding contradicts the spirit "
+"of both the Copyright Clause and the First Amendment. The Court of Appeals "
+"erroneously held, following its own precedent, <i>see</i> <i>Schnapper</i> "
+"v. <i>Foley</i>, 667 F.2d 102, 112 (1981), that the single phrase comprising "
+"the Copyright Clause, empowering Congress “To promote the Progress of "
+"Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and "
+"Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries,"
+"” imposes no substantive limitation on Congress through its "
+"declaration of purpose. But the Court of Appeals acknowledged, as it must, "
+"that this Court's cases show clearly that Congressional power is indeed "
+"limited by the Copyright Clause, and so its effort is bent to the "
+"disintegration of a single phrase of twenty-seven words, directed at showing "
+"that the first nine are somehow constitutionally irrelevant."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐеÑмоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾ÑевиднÑй
конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй пÑинÑип, ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй
ÑÑд "
+"поÑÑановил, ÑÑо ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑоздаваÑÑ
веÑноÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав поÑÑолÑкÑ, "
+"поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½ бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо
поÑледоваÑелÑно, поÑÑоÑнно пÑодлÑÑ Ð²Ñе "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑие авÑоÑÑкие пÑава на
номиналÑно “огÑаниÑеннÑе” ÑÑоки. "
+"ÐÑо поÑÑановление пÑоÑивоÑеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑ
Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, Ñак и "
+"ÐеÑвой попÑавке. ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд
оÑибоÑно поÑÑановил, ÑледÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¶Ðµ "
+"пÑеÑеденÑÑ, <i>Ñм.</i> Ð¨Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив Фоли, 667
F.2d 102, 112 (CADC 1981), "
+"ÑÑо ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑаза, ÑоÑÑавлÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÐаÑагÑаÑ
об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑÐ°Ñ "
+"ÐонгÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñаво “ÑодейÑÑвоваÑÑ
пÑогÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñки и полезнÑÑ
иÑкÑÑÑÑв, "
+"обеÑпеÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° огÑаниÑеннÑе ÑÑоки
авÑоÑов и изобÑеÑаÑелей иÑклÑÑиÑелÑнÑм "
+"пÑавом на иÑ
ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвенно пÑоизведениÑ
и оÑкÑÑÑиє, не Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ "
+"деклаÑаÑией Ñели никакого ÑÑÑеÑÑвенного
огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐонгÑеÑÑ. Ðо "
+"ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд пÑизнал, как и
Ñледовало, ÑÑо пÑеÑеденÑÑ ÑÑого ÑÑда ÑÑно "
+"показÑваÑÑ, ÑÑо влаÑÑÑ ÐонгÑеÑÑа в
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи огÑаниÑена ÐаÑагÑаÑом об
"
+"авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, и Ñаким обÑазом, его
дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñазделение "
+"единой ÑÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð¸Ð· двадÑаÑи одного Ñлова и
демонÑÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñого, ÑÑо пеÑвÑе ÑеÑÑÑ "
+"Ñлов по каким-Ñо пÑиÑинам конÑÑиÑÑÑионно
не знаÑимÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This Court first held in the <i>Trademark Cases</i>, 100 U.S. 82 (1879), and "
+"reaffirmed in <i>Feist, supra</i>, 499 U.S., at 346-47, that Congress cannot "
+"constitutionally dilute the requirement of originality, by extending "
+"copyright coverage to works of authorship that make use of expressions "
+"already in existence, or in which the author's effort in collection and "
+"arrangement of existing information does not establish that “modicum "
+"of creativity” the Constitution requires. According to the Court of "
+"Appeals, however, the principle of originality emerges solely from the words "
+"“Writing” and “Author,” taking not the slightest "
+"support from the declaration of purpose that begins the Copyright Clause."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑд ÑнаÑала поÑÑановил в <cite>ÐелаÑ
о
ÑоваÑнÑÑ
знакаÑ
</cite>, 100 U.S. "
+"82 (1879), а заÑем подÑвеÑдил в ÑиÑиÑованном
вÑÑе деле ФейÑÑа, 499 U.S., на "
+"346-47, ÑÑо ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии не можеÑ
ÑнижаÑÑ ÑÑебование "
+"оÑигиналÑноÑÑи, ÑаÑÑиÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑвие
авÑоÑÑкого пÑава на авÑоÑÑкие ÑабоÑÑ, "
+"коÑоÑÑе полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ñже ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑими
вÑÑажениÑми, или на Ñакие, в коÑоÑÑÑ
"
+"ÑабоÑа авÑоÑа по ÑобиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
каÑалогизаÑии ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑей инÑоÑмаÑии не
неÑÐµÑ "
+"“зеÑна ÑвоÑÑеÑÑва”, коÑоÑое
ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑией. Ðднако "
+"ÑоглаÑно ÐпеллÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑдÑ, пÑинÑип
оÑигиналÑноÑÑи поÑвлÑеÑÑÑ "
+"иÑклÑÑиÑелÑно из Ñлов
“пÑоизведениѓ и “авÑоє, не "
+"полÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð¸ малейÑей поддеÑжки Ñо ÑÑоÑонÑ
деклаÑаÑии назнаÑениÑ, коÑоÑÑм "
+"оÑкÑÑваеÑÑÑ ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Copyright Clause is unique among the enumerations of legislative power "
+"in Article I, §8 in containing a declaration of purpose; it alone "
+"“describes both the objective which Congress may seek and the means to "
+"achieve it.” <i>Goldstein</i> v. <i>California</i>, 412 U.S. 546, 555 "
+"(1973). Adopting a reading of the clause that denies legal effect to the "
+"words the drafters specifically and atypically included is an implausible "
+"style of constitutional construction."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± авÑоÑÑком пÑаве оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
дÑÑгиÑ
пеÑеÑиÑлений "
+"законодаÑелÑнÑÑ
возможноÑÑей в ÑÑаÑÑе I,
§8 налиÑием деклаÑаÑии "
+"назнаÑениÑ; ÑолÑко он “опиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
ÑелÑ, коÑоÑÑÑ ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ "
+"поÑÑавиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑед Ñобой, Ñак и ÑÑедÑÑва к ее
доÑÑижениє. ÐолÑдÑÑейн "
+"пÑоÑив ÐалиÑоÑнии, 412 U.S. 546, 555 (1973). ÐÑинÑÑие
ÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑагÑаÑа, "
+"оÑÑиÑаÑÑее ÑÑидиÑеÑкое дейÑÑвие Ñлов,
коÑоÑÑе ÑоÑÑавиÑели ÑпеÑиалÑно и "
+"неÑипиÑно вклÑÑили в его ÑоÑÑав,
пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑимой манеÑÑ "
+"инÑеÑпÑеÑаÑии ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Even without reference to the beginning of the clause, however, this Court's "
+"prior opinions show that the Court of Appeals has misperceived the task of "
+"construction. The Court of Appeals treats the words “limited "
+"Times” in purely formal terms, so that—after ten previous "
+"interlocking extensions beginning in 1962, holding substantially all works "
+"with otherwise-expiring copyrights out of the public domain for a "
+"generation—the CTEA's extension of existing terms for another twenty "
+"years raises no substantive constitutional question because the new twenty-"
+"year extension period is numerically definite. The same formal, anti-"
+"contextual approach to the words would result, however, in the result "
+"rejected by this Court in <i>Feist</i>: telephone directories are undeniably "
+"“writings” in the same crabbed sense that the term extension "
+"contained in the CTEA is “limited.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Ðднако даже без ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° наÑало
паÑагÑаÑа пÑедÑдÑÑие заÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого ÑÑда "
+"показÑваÑÑ, ÑÑо ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд невеÑно
понимал задаÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑпÑеÑаÑии. "
+"ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд ÑаÑÑмаÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñлова
“огÑаниÑеннÑе ÑÑоки” ÑиÑÑо "
+"ÑоÑмалÑно, Ñак ÑÑо — поÑле деÑÑÑи
пÑедÑдÑÑиÑ
пеÑекÑÑваÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ "
+"пÑодлений, наÑавÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð² 1962 годÑ,
ÑдеÑживаÑÑиÑ
по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð²Ñе "
+"пÑоизведениÑ, авÑоÑÑкие пÑава коÑоÑÑÑ
иÑÑекли бÑ, Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
ода в обÑеÑÑвенное "
+"доÑÑоÑние на вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸ Ñелого
Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ — новое пÑодление "
+"ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑоков еÑе на двадÑаÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ
не вÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
"
+"вопÑоÑов о конÑÑиÑÑÑионноÑÑи, поÑколÑкÑ
новое пÑодление на двадÑаÑилеÑний "
+"пеÑиод ÑиÑленно огÑаниÑено. Ðднако ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶Ðµ
ÑамÑй ÑоÑмалÑнÑй анÑиконÑекÑÑнÑй "
+"подÑ
од к Ñловам пÑивел Ð±Ñ Ðº ÑомÑ, ÑÑо бÑло
оÑвеÑгнÑÑо ÑÑим ÑÑдом в деле "
+"ФейÑÑа: ÑелеÑоннÑе каÑалоги, беÑÑпоÑно,
ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ “"
+"пÑоизведениÑми” в Ñом же Ñамом
иÑкалеÑенном ÑмÑÑле, в каком пÑодление "
+"ÑÑока, введенное законом Сонни Ðоно,
“огÑаниÑено”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid ""
+"The Fifth Amendment Prohibits Legislative Action Such as This With Respect "
+"to Physical Property Rights, and There Is No Constitutional Justification "
+"for Permitting What Cannot Be Done with Mere Property to be Done with Free "
+"Expression"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ñе
законодаÑелÑнÑе дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении пÑав "
+"ÑизиÑеÑкой ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи, и не ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ
конÑÑиÑÑÑионного опÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
+"допÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² оÑноÑении ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑажениÑ
Ñого, ÑÑо недопÑÑÑимо в оÑноÑении "
+"обÑÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"On the logic of the Court of Appeals' holding, which is apparently supported "
+"in this Court by the Solicitor General, Congress could pass a statute "
+"shortening the term of existing copyrights, reallocating a large body of "
+"currently-covered works to the public domain. If the statute simply "
+"provided that the term of copyright be reduced to fourteen years, according "
+"to the Court of Appeals, that would satisfy the requirement of “"
+"limited Times,” and there would be no occasion for the Courts to "
+"inquire into whether such a change promoted the progress of science and the "
+"useful arts, though copyright holders could well be expected to contend that "
+"such an alteration of the duration of existing copyrights deprived them of "
+"the benefit that the “copyright bargain” supposedly “"
+"secures” them."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо логике поÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐпеллÑÑионного
ÑÑда, коÑоÑÑÑ, оÑевидно, поддеÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ "
+"в ÑÑом ÑÑде генеÑалÑнÑй ÑолиÑиÑоÑ,
ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑовеÑÑи закон, "
+"ÑокÑаÑаÑÑий ÑÑок ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав, пеÑемеÑÑив кÑÑпнÑй коÑпÑÑ "
+"пÑоизведений, на коÑоÑÑе в наÑÑоÑÑее
вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкие пÑава, "
+"в обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние. ÐÑли Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½
пÑоÑÑо ÑказÑвал, ÑÑо ÑÑок авÑоÑÑкиÑ
"
+"пÑав ÑокÑаÑаеÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑеÑÑÑнадÑаÑи леÑ,
ÑоглаÑно ÐпеллÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑдÑ, ÑÑо "
+"ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑло Ð±Ñ ÑÑебованиÑ
“огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑоков”, и Ñ ÑÑдов не "
+"бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð° ÑазмÑÑлÑÑÑ, ÑодейÑÑвовала
ли ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемена пÑогÑеÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñки и "
+"полезнÑÑ
иÑкÑÑÑÑв, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¾Ñ
пÑавообладаÑелей вполне можно бÑло бÑ
ожидаÑÑ "
+"возÑажений, ÑÑо Ñакое изменение
длиÑелÑноÑÑи ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав "
+"лиÑило иÑ
вÑгод, коÑоÑÑми
“авÑоÑÑко-пÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñделка” ÑÐºÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
+"“обеÑпеÑиваеє иÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the copyright bargain faces two ways: “securing” authors "
+"their limited monopoly in return for the reversion to the public. "
+"Increasing the reversionary interest at the expense of the first estate is "
+"conceptually no different than increasing the copyright holder's monopoly at "
+"the expense of the reversionary interest, which is that of the whole society "
+"and the system of free expression. Shrinking or eliminating the public "
+"domain in order to increase the benefit to the monopolists, whose works have "
+"already been created in reliance on the previous allocation of rights, "
+"neither promotes the progress of knowledge nor respects the critically-"
+"important free speech interest in the health of the public domain.<a name="
+"\"tex2html3\" href=\"#foot138\"><strong>[3]</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо авÑоÑÑко-пÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñделка Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð´Ð²Ðµ
ÑÑоÑонÑ: она “"
+"обеÑпеÑиваеє авÑоÑов огÑаниÑенной
монополией в обмен на пеÑеÑ
од к "
+"обÑеÑÑвÑ. УвелиÑение вÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
ода
за ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвой ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑепÑÑалÑно "
+"ниÑем не оÑлиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑвелиÑениÑ
монополии пÑавообладаÑелей за ÑÑÐµÑ Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
ода, Ñо еÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва в
Ñелом Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑÑажениÑ. "
+"СокÑаÑение или ÑÑÑÑанение обÑеÑÑвенного
доÑÑоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
+"монополиÑÑов, пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑÑ
Ñже
бÑли ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑаÑÑеÑом на Ñже "
+"пÑедоÑÑавлÑемÑе пÑава, не ÑодейÑÑвÑеÑ
пÑогÑеÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ и не ÑÑиÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ "
+"жизненно важнÑе инÑеÑеÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова,
ÑÑебÑÑÑие здоÑового обÑеÑÑвенного "
+"доÑÑоÑниÑ.<a id=\"tex2html3\"
href=\"#foot138\"><strong>[3]</strong></a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nor would the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment permit such "
+"uncompensated legislative adjustment of the terms of interest in real "
+"property. Copyright—not surprisingly in view of its common law "
+"origins—adopts an essentially familiar structure of “"
+"estates” in works of authorship, beginning with a conveyance for term "
+"of years or a life interest plus a term of years, with a reversion to the "
+"public domain. This Court has held that legislative alteration of such "
+"estates that destroys or limits the reversionary interest in real property "
+"in order to achieve redistribution between private parties is “public "
+"use” within the meaning of the Takings Clause, and is constitutional "
+"if compensated. <i>Hawaii Housing Authority</i> v. <i>Midkiff</i>, 467 U.S. "
+"229 (1984). But it has never been suggested that Congress or a state "
+"legislature could achieve a similarly vast wealth transfer to present "
+"lessees through the extension of the terms of all existing leases, "
+"extinguishing or indefinitely postponing the reversionary interest, without "
+"paying compensation."
+msgstr ""
+"ТоÑно Ñак же ÐаÑагÑÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð± изÑÑÑии ÐÑÑой
попÑавки не допÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ñакой "
+"безвозмездной законодаÑелÑной пеÑеменÑ
ÑÑловий ÑкÑплÑаÑаÑии веÑеÑÑвенной "
+"ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи. ÐвÑоÑÑкое пÑаво — ÑÑо
не ÑдивиÑелÑно в ÑвеÑе его "
+"пÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð· обÑÑного пÑава —
пÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÑи знакомÑÑ "
+"ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ “владений” Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкиÑ
ÑабоÑ, наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеноÑа "
+"ÑÑока в годаÑ
или пожизненного плÑÑ ÑÑока
в годаÑ
, Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
одом в "
+"обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние. ÐÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑд
поÑÑановил, ÑÑо законодаÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑемена "
+"ÑакиÑ
владений, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ ÑниÑÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²ÑÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
ода "
+"веÑеÑÑвенной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи Ñ ÑелÑÑ
пеÑеÑаÑпÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑаÑÑнÑми "
+"ÑÑоÑонами, пÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ “пÑблиÑное
полÑзование” в ÑеÑминаÑ
"
+"ÐаÑагÑаÑа об изÑÑÑии, и не пÑоÑивоÑеÑиÑ
ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии в ÑлÑÑае компенÑаÑии. "
+"“Ðавайи Ñ
аÑзинг оÑоÑиÑи” пÑоÑив
ÐидкиÑÑа, 467 U.S. 229 (1984). "
+"Ðо никÑо не говоÑил, ÑÑо ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
законодаÑели ÑÑаÑов могли Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑиÑÑ "
+"подобной маÑÑовой пеÑедаÑи ÑоÑÑоÑний
аÑендаÑоÑам поÑÑедÑÑвом пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
+"ÑÑоков вÑеÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
договоÑов
аÑендÑ, иÑклÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ оÑÐ¾Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° "
+"неопÑеделеннÑй ÑÑок возвÑаÑение обÑекÑа
владелÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· вÑплаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÐ½ÑаÑии."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What the Fifth Amendment prohibits with respect to interference with "
+"existing rights in real property should not be permissible where the rights "
+"being destroyed by legislative changes in property rules are rights to the "
+"freedom of speech and publication. The Court of Appeals dismissively viewed "
+"petitioners as seeking to enforce rights to use the copyrighted works of "
+"others. 239 F.3d, at 376. On the contrary, petitioners claim only their "
+"constitutional entitlement to use the works that would have entered the "
+"public domain, as required by the law in effect at the time the particular "
+"statutory monopolies at issue were granted, had it not been for "
+"unconstitutional Congressional interference."
+msgstr ""
+"То, ÑÑо ÐÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка запÑеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð²
оÑноÑении наÑÑÑений ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
пÑав на "
+"веÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑ, не должно
бÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑимо Ñам, где пÑава, "
+"ÑниÑÑожаемÑе изменениÑми в
законодаÑелÑÑÑве на пÑава ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑи, "
+"пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñава на ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñлова и
пÑбликаÑии. ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд, "
+"оÑказÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑвиÑелÑм, ÑаÑÑмаÑÑивал иÑ
как
лиÑ, пÑÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑеÑÑвлÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñава "
+"на полÑзование ÑабоÑами, авÑоÑÑкими
пÑавами на коÑоÑÑе обладаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгие. 239 "
+"F.3d, на 376. ÐаÑвиÑели, напÑоÑив,
пÑеÑендовали на Ñвое конÑÑиÑÑÑионное "
+"пÑаво полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоизведениÑми,
коÑоÑÑе воÑли Ð±Ñ Ð² обÑеÑÑвенное доÑÑоÑние "
+"(как ÑÑо ÑÑебовалоÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼,
дейÑÑвовавÑим на моменÑ, когда
пÑедоÑÑавлÑлиÑÑ "
+"конкÑеÑнÑе ÑÑидиÑеÑкие монополии, бÑвÑие
пÑедмеÑом ÑазбиÑаÑелÑÑÑва), еÑли Ð±Ñ "
+"не имело меÑÑо неконÑÑиÑÑÑионное
вмеÑаÑелÑÑÑво ÐонгÑеÑÑа."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid ""
+"Particular Dangers of Abuse and Corruption Justify Strict Constitutional "
+"Scrutiny When the Term of Statutory Monopolies is Extended"
+msgstr ""
+"РеалÑнÑе ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ Ð·Ð»Ð¾ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
коÑÑÑпÑии опÑавдÑваÑÑ ÑÑÑогий "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ
ÑÑока ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
монополий"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"During the first century of our Republic, the term of copyright was extended "
+"once. During the next seventy years, it was extended once more. Since "
+"1962, copyright terms have been extended regularly, in increments ranging "
+"from one year to twenty years, and the flow of US-copyrighted works into the "
+"public domain has nearly ceased. The statute before this Court postpones "
+"rights in material protected by the First Amendment to any but the holders "
+"of statutory monopolies for an additional generation."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð ÑеÑение пеÑвого века наÑей ÑеÑпÑблики
ÑÑок авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав ÑвелиÑивалÑÑ "
+"один Ñаз. Ð ÑеÑение ÑледÑÑÑиÑ
ÑемидеÑÑÑи
Ð»ÐµÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑвелиÑили еÑе один Ñаз. "
+"С 1962 года ÑÑок авÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑав
ÑвелиÑивали ÑегÑлÑÑно Ñ "
+"пÑиÑаÑениÑми Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ года до двадÑаÑи
леÑ, и пÑиÑок пÑоизведений "
+"СоединеннÑÑ
ШÑаÑов в обÑеÑÑвенное
доÑÑоÑние поÑÑи пÑекÑаÑилÑÑ. ÐÑедлагаемÑй "
+"на ÑаÑÑмоÑÑение ÑÑого ÑÑда
законодаÑелÑнÑй Ð°ÐºÑ Ð¾ÑкладÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑение
пÑав на "
+"маÑеÑиал, заÑиÑеннÑй ÐеÑвой попÑавкой,
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
, кÑоме владелÑÑев "
+"ÑÑидиÑеÑкиÑ
монополий, еÑе на одно
поколение."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"No pattern of legislation could more clearly indicate the presence of the "
+"very evils against which the Framers of the Constitution and their forebears "
+"contended, and which gave rise to the Copyright Clause and its requirement "
+"for “limited Times.” When our predecessors in the struggle for "
+"constitutional liberty perceived a danger from corruption in the grant of "
+"monopolies, the danger they apprehended was from the executive, which might "
+"use its power to grant such monopolies to raise money independent of the "
+"legislature. In our time the risk is that the legislature, which is granted "
+"the power to create such monopolies by Article I, §8, will use that "
+"power to benefit copyright holders at the expense of the public domain. "
+"Such a purpose—to turn the system of free expression into a series of "
+"private fiefdoms for the benefit of monopolists, who may choose to rebate a "
+"small portion of the monopoly rents thus extracted from the population in "
+"the form of campaign contributions—is forbidden to Congress by the "
+"plain wording of the Copyright Clause and by the First Amendment. The use "
+"of repeated interim extensions to achieve the effect of a perpetuity is not "
+"less dangerous than the single enactment that all parties concede would be "
+"unconstitutional. On the contrary, such a legislative practice increases "
+"the dangers of corruption without reducing the harm to the public domain."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðикакой поÑÑдок законодаÑелÑÑÑва не мог
Ð±Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÑно ÑказаÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑиÑÑÑÑÑвие "
+"именно ÑеÑ
зол, пÑоÑив коÑоÑÑÑ
боÑолиÑÑ
УÑÑедиÑели ÐонÑÑиÑÑÑии, а Ñакже иÑ
"
+"пÑедÑеÑи, и коÑоÑÑе дали Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ ÐаÑагÑаÑÑ
об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве и его ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
+"“огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
ÑÑоков”. Ðогда наÑи
пÑедÑеÑÑвенники в боÑÑбе за "
+"конÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ опаÑноÑÑÑ
коÑÑÑпÑии в пÑедоÑÑавлении "
+"монополий, опаÑноÑÑи, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ имели в
видÑ, пÑоиÑÑекала Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ÑполниÑелей, "
+"коÑоÑÑе могли Ð±Ñ ÑпоÑÑебиÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñакие монополии "
+"в ÑелÑÑ
ÑбоÑа ÑÑедÑÑв незавиÑимо оÑ
законодаÑелей. РнаÑе вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑноÑÑÑ "
+"ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑо законодаÑели, коÑоÑÑм
ÑÑаÑÑей I, §8 пÑедоÑÑавлена "
+"влаÑÑÑ ÑоздаваÑÑ Ñакие монополии,
воÑполÑзÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑой влаÑÑÑÑ Ðº вÑгоде "
+"пÑавообладаÑелей за ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенного
доÑÑоÑниÑ. Такое пÑименение "
+"— Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободÑ
вÑÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑд ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
воÑÑин к "
+"вÑгоде монополиÑÑов, коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð²ÑаÑаÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑ "
+"монополÑной ÑенÑÑ, извлекаемой Ñаким
обÑазом из наÑелениÑ, в ÑоÑме "
+"пожеÑÑвований на кампании —
ÐонгÑеÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑеÑено пÑоÑÑой "
+"ÑоÑмÑлиÑовкой ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком
пÑаве и ÐеÑвой попÑавкой. ÐÑименение "
+"повÑоÑнÑÑ
пÑомежÑÑоÑнÑÑ
пÑодлений длÑ
доÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑекÑа веÑноÑÑи не менее "
+"опаÑно, Ñем единÑй законодаÑелÑнÑй акÑ,
коÑоÑÑй по ÑоглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑÑоÑон бÑл "
+"Ð±Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑм. ÐапÑоÑив, ÑакаÑ
законодаÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑика повÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ "
+"опаÑноÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑпÑии, не ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑеÑба длÑ
обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr "ÐаклÑÑение"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Perhaps the late Representative Bono did indeed believe that copyright "
+"should last forever. That any legislator could hold that view suggests the "
+"degree of danger to a fundamental part of the system of free expression into "
+"which we have drifted. This Court should hold that the extension of "
+"existing copyright terms in the CTEA violates the requirements of the "
+"Copyright Clause and the First Amendment. The decision of the Court of "
+"Appeals should be reversed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðозможно, покойнÑй пÑедÑÑавиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ðоно и в
Ñамом деле бÑл Ñбежден, ÑÑо "
+"авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво должно длиÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑно. То,
ÑÑо лÑбой законодаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ Ð±Ñ "
+"пÑидеÑживаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого мнениÑ, говоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾
велиÑине Ñой опаÑноÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"оÑновополагаÑÑей ÑаÑÑи ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободÑ
вÑÑажениÑ, в какой Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ. "
+"ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÐ´Ñ ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑановиÑÑ, ÑÑо
пÑодление ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑиÑ
ÑÑоков авÑоÑÑкиÑ
"
+"пÑав в законе Ðоно наÑÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑебованиÑ
ÐаÑагÑаÑа об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве и ÐеÑвой "
+"попÑавки. РеÑение ÐпеллÑÑионного ÑÑда
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑмениÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Respectfully submitted."
+msgstr "ÐлагодаÑÑ Ð·Ð° внимание."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"foot151\" href=\"#tex2html1\"><sup>1</sup></a> Counsel for both "
+"parties have consented to the filing of this brief, and those consents have "
+"been filed with the Clerk of this Court. No counsel for either party had "
+"any role in authoring this brief, and no person other than the <i>amicus</i> "
+"and its counsel made any monetary contribution to its preparation and "
+"submission."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"foot151\" href=\"#tex2html1\"><sup>1</sup></a> СекÑеÑаÑи
обеиÑ
"
+"ÑÑоÑон вÑÑазили ÑоглаÑие пÑедÑÑавиÑÑ
ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´, и ÑÑи ÑоглаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±Ñли "
+"пÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ»ÐµÑком ÑÑого ÑÑда.
СекÑеÑаÑи ни одной из ÑÑоÑон не пÑиÑаÑÑÐ½Ñ Ðº
"
+"ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑого доклада, и ни одно лиÑо,
кÑоме amicus curiae и его "
+"ÑекÑеÑаÑÑ, не вноÑили никакого денежного
вклада в его подгоÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÑ Ð¸ вÑпÑÑк."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"foot152\" href=\"#tex2html2\"><sup>2</sup></a> The only amendment "
+"made was in the replacement of the phrase originally suggested by Charles "
+"Pinckney of South Carolina, that monopolies be granted for a “"
+"certain” time. <i>See</i> 3 <i>id.</i>, at 122."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"foot152\" href=\"#tex2html2\"><sup>2</sup></a>
ÐдинÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ñавка "
+"ÑоÑÑоÑла в замене ÑÑазÑ, пеÑвонаÑалÑно
пÑедложенной ЧаÑлÑзом Ðикни из Южной "
+"ÐаÑолинÑ, ÑÑо монополии пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑ
на “опÑеделенное” вÑемÑ. "
+"<i>См.</i> 3 <i>Ñам же</i>, на 122."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a name=\"foot138\" href=\"#tex2html3\"><sup>3</sup></a> The Court of "
+"Appeals minimized the importance of the impoverishment of the public domain "
+"when it maintained that “[p]reserving access to works that would "
+"otherwise disappear—not enter the public domain but disappear—"
+"‘promotes Progress’ as surely as does stimulating the creation "
+"of new works.” 239 F.3d, at 379. This is an apparent reference to "
+"claims made by copyright holders in the legislative process that certain "
+"classes of works, particularly films, would not be physically preserved "
+"unless the copyright monopoly were extended. It is sufficient to point out "
+"that such a principle for the award of copyright monopolies conflicts with "
+"the constitutionally mandated requirement of originality: Congress cannot "
+"elect to preserve books, films, or music by conveying to the conservator a "
+"statutory monopoly of copying and distribution lasting decades."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"foot138\" href=\"#tex2html3\"><sup>3</sup></a>
ÐпеллÑÑионнÑй ÑÑд "
+"Ñвел к минимÑÐ¼Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñение обеднениÑ
обÑеÑÑвенного доÑÑоÑниÑ, когда заÑвил, "
+"ÑÑо “ÑоÑ
Ñанение доÑÑÑпа к ÑабоÑам,
коÑоÑÑе в пÑоÑивном ÑлÑÑае "
+"иÑÑезаÑÑ — не вÑ
одÑÑ Ð² обÑеÑÑвенное
доÑÑоÑние, а иÑÑезаÑÑ "
+"— “ÑодейÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑогÑеÑÑÑ”
наÑÑолÑко же неÑомненно, "
+"наÑколÑко ÑÑимÑлиÑÑÐµÑ Ñоздание новÑÑ
Ñабоє. 239 F.3d, на 379. ÐÑо "
+"оÑÐµÐ²Ð¸Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑлка на заÑвлениÑ, вÑдвинÑÑÑе
пÑавообладаÑелÑми в пÑоÑеÑÑе "
+"законодаÑелÑÑÑва, о Ñом, ÑÑо опÑеделеннÑе
клаÑÑÑ ÑабоÑ, в ÑаÑÑноÑÑи ÑилÑмÑ, "
+"не ÑоÑ
ÑанÑлиÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÑизиÑеÑки, еÑли бÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого пÑава не бÑла "
+"пÑодлена. ÐоÑÑаÑоÑно напомниÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñакой
пÑинÑип вознагÑÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ "
+"авÑоÑÑкого пÑава пÑоÑивоÑеÑиÑ
конÑÑиÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑебованиÑ
оÑигиналÑноÑÑи: "
+"ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑоваÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑоÑ
Ñанение книг, ÑилÑмов или мÑзÑки Ñ "
+"помоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑедаÑи Ñ
ÑаниÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑидиÑеÑкой
монополии копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ "
+"ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ð¸Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÑелÑе
деÑÑÑилеÑиÑ."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом.
ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾ неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и "
+"дÑÑгие попÑавки или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ "
+"возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ "
+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. </p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
кооÑдинаÑии и "
+"пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
<a href=\"/server/standards/README."
+"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2002 Eben Moglen"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2002 Ðбен Ðоглен"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the "
+"copyright notice, are preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the "
+"copyright notice, are preserved. </p><p> (ÐÑквалÑное
копиÑование и "
+"ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение вÑей ÑÑой ÑÑаÑÑи
ÑазÑеÑено по вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ·Ð´Ð½Ð¾ на "
+"лÑбом ноÑиÑеле пÑи ÑÑловии, ÑÑо ÑÑо
пÑимеÑание и пÑимеÑание об авÑоÑÑкиÑ
"
+"пÑаваÑ
ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑÑÑ)"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ "
+"можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о "
+"найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru"
+"\">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
[Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po eldred-amicus.ru.po,
Ineiev <=