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Modified files:
        philosophy/po  : free-software-even-more-important.translist 
Added files:
        philosophy     : free-software-even-more-important.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : free-software-even-more-important.zh-cn-en.html 

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http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
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href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.uk.html">українська</a>&nbsp;[uk]</span>
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+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
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+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" 
value="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶çŽ°åœ¨æ›´åŠ é‡è¦ - GNU工程 - 
自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include 
virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶çŽ°åœ¨æ›´åŠ é‡è¦</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> 
著</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>本文的重大修改版发表于<a
+href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before";>连线（Wired）</a>。</p>
+<p>
+<a href="/help/help.html">æŽ¨èä½ 
通过这些方法帮助自由软件运动</a>。
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>从1983年起，自由软件运动就一直为计算机用户的自由而活动&mdash;用户应该控制软件，而不是软件控制用户。当一个程序尊重用户的自由和社区的时候，我们称之为&ldquo;自由软件。&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>我们有时也称之为&ldquo;libre（自由）软件&rdquo;，以强调我们说的是自由，而非价æ
 
¼ã€‚有些专属（非自由）程序，如Photoshop，很昂贵；另一些，如Flash
+Player，是免费的&mdash;但这些只是细枝末节。这两者
都赋予程序的开发者凌驾于å…
¶ç”¨æˆ·ä¹‹ä¸Šçš„æƒåŠ›ï¼Œè€Œä»»ä½•äººéƒ½ä¸åº”è¯¥æ‹¥æœ‰è¿™æ ·çš„æƒåŠ›ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>这两种非自由软件还有一些å…
±åŒç‚¹ï¼šå®ƒä»¬éƒ½æ˜¯<em>恶意软件</em>。就是说，它们都带有损害用户的功能。当前的专属软件通常都是恶意软件，å›
 为<a
+href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">开发者
拥有的权力被滥用了</a>。这里列举了大约300种不同的恶意功能（截至2017年4月），但是可以肯定这些只是冰山一角。</p>
+
+<p>ä½¿ç”¨è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œç”¨æˆ·æŽ§åˆ¶ç¨‹åºï¼Œæ— 
论是单个用户还是集体用户。所以他们控制着计算机做什么（假设计算机是<a
+href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">听话的</a>并且按ç…
§ç”¨æˆ·çš„程序来执行）。</p>
+
+<p>使用专属软件，软件控制用户，而其他实体（开发者
或&ldquo;所有者&rdquo;）控制程序。所以专属软件赋予开发者
凌驾于其用户之上的权力。这本身就不å…
¬å¹³ï¼Œè€Œä¸”这个权力会诱使其开发者用其他方法损害用户。</p>
+
+<p>即使专属软件不是完全的恶意，其开发者也有动机使之<a
+href="https://observer.com/2016/06/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Afrom-a-magician-and-googles-design-ethicist/";>容易成瘾、有控制权和受操控</a>。ä½
 ä¼šè¯´ï¼Œå°±åƒè¯¥æ–‡ç« çš„ä½œè€…ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¼€å‘è€…
æœ‰é“ä¹‰ä¸é‚£ä¹ˆåšï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ä¸€èˆ¬ä»–ä»¬éƒ½ä¼šè¢«åˆ©ç›Šé©±ä½¿ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ 
不想看到这些，那么请确保程序被其用户控制。</p>
+
+<p>è‡ªç”±å°±æ„å‘³ç€èƒ½å¤ŸæŽ§åˆ¶è‡ªå·±çš„ç”Ÿæ´»ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ 
ç”¨ä¸€æ¬¾è½¯ä»¶åŽ»å®žçŽ°ä½ ç”Ÿæ´»ä¸­çš„æ´»åŠ¨ï¼Œä½ 
çš„è‡ªç”±å°±ä¾èµ–äºŽå¯¹è¿™æ¬¾è½¯ä»¶çš„æŽ§åˆ¶æƒã€‚ä½ æœ‰æƒæ‹¥æœ‰ä½ 
æ‰€ä½¿ç”¨çš„è½¯ä»¶çš„æŽ§åˆ¶æƒï¼Œå½“ä½ ç”¨å®ƒä»¬æ¥åšé‡è¦äº‹æƒ…
是则更是如此。</p>
+
+<p>用户对程序的控制需要四个<a 
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">基本自由</a>。
+</p>
+
+<p>(0) 按照自己意愿运行程序的自由，不管是什么目的。</p>
+
+<p>(1)
+å­¦ä¹ ç¨‹åº&ldquo;æºä»£ç &rdquo;，修改源代ç 
ä»¥ä½¿è½¯ä»¶æ»¡è¶³è‡ªå·±éœ€è¦çš„自由。程序是由程序员用编程语言写的，编程语言&mdash;就像英语结合代数&mdash;程序的这种形式就是源代ç
 ã€‚æ‰€æœ‰æ‡‚ç¼–ç¨‹çš„äººï¼Œæœ‰äº†æºä»£ç å½¢å¼çš„ç¨‹åºï¼Œå°±èƒ½è¯»æºä»£ç 
ï¼Œäº†è§£å®ƒçš„åŠŸèƒ½ï¼Œè¿˜èƒ½è¿›è¡Œä¿®æ”¹ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ 
得到的程序只是可执行形式，即一系列的数字，则只有计算机能够运行，让人去读懂是极度困难的，了解并修改这种形式的程序基本是不可能的。</p>
+
+<p>(2)
+依自己的意愿制作并发布拷贝的自由。（此项不是强制的；它只是ä½
 çš„é€‰æ‹©ã€‚ä¸€ä¸ªç¨‹åºæ˜¯è‡ªç”±çš„ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸æ„å‘³ç€åˆ«äººæœ‰ä¹‰åŠ¡ä¸ºä½ 
æä¾›ä¸€ä¸ªæ‹·è´ï¼Œæˆ–è€…ä½ 
有义务给别人一个拷贝。给用户发布程序却不给他们自由是对他们的侵害；但是选择不发布程序&mdash;只是自己用&mdash;则不侵害任何人。）</p>
 
+
+<p>只要自己愿意，有制做和发布自己修改版拷贝的自由。</p>
+
+<p>前两个自由意味着每个用户可以单独控制程序。后两个自由，使所有的用户组都可以
+<em>合作控制</em>程序。有了这四个自由，用户可以完å…
¨æŽ§åˆ¶ç¨‹åºã€‚如果有一个自由缺失或不正确，则这个程序是专属程序（非自由），是不å
…¬æ­£çš„。</p>
+
+<p>实际生活中有其他一些东西，包
括烹饪用的菜谱、教育用的课本、参考用的字典和百科å…
¨ä¹¦ã€æ˜¾ç¤ºæ–‡æœ¬ç”¨çš„字体、硬件制作中用的电路图、3D打印用的实用（不只是è£
…é¥°çš„ï¼‰ç‰©ä»¶çš„æ¨¡å…·ç­‰ã€‚å› 
ä¸ºè¿™äº›ä¸æ˜¯è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶è¿åŠ¨ä¸¥æ ¼æ¥è¯´å¹¶ä¸åŒ…
æ‹¬å®ƒä»¬ã€‚ä½†é“ç†åŒæ ·é€‚ç”¨ï¼Œå¹¶å¾—å‡ºåŒæ 
·çš„结论，这些东西应该有这四个自由。</p>
+
+<p>è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶å…è®¸ä½ ä¿®æ”¹å®ƒï¼Œä½¿å®ƒèƒ½åšä½ æƒ³è®©å®ƒåšçš„äº‹ï¼ˆæˆ–è€…
ä¸è®©å®ƒåšä½ ä¸æƒ³è®©å®ƒåšçš„äº‹ï¼‰ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ å·²ä¹ 
惯了密封盒式的专属软件，修改软件听起来可能有些不可思议，但在自由世界里，这是很常见的事，而且是学ä¹
 ç¼–ç¨‹çš„å¥½æ–¹æ³•ã€‚çŽ°åœ¨ï¼Œç”šè‡³æ”¹è£…æ±½è½¦è¿™é¡¹ä¼ 
ç»Ÿçš„ç¾Žå›½å¨±ä¹æ´»åŠ¨ä¹Ÿå› 
为汽车上有非自由软件而受到阻碍。</p>
+
+<h3>专属的不公正性</h3>
+
+<p>如果用户不能控制程序，则程序控制用户。使用专属软件，总有一个主体，程序的开发è€
…或&ldquo;所有者
&rdquo;，控制着程序&mdash;并通过它行使着对用户的权力。非自由程序是一种枷锁，是不å
…¬æ­£åŠ›é‡çš„工具。</p>
+
+<p>在一些骇人的情况中（尽管这种骇人已经很常见了），<a
+href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">专属软件被用来监视用户、限制用户、审查用户、侵害用户</a>。例如，苹果的i设备做所有的这些事æƒ
…，使用ARM芯片的
+Windows移动设备也在做。Windows、移动电话固件和Google Chrome for
+Windows都包含了整体后门，该后门使得某些å…
¬å¸å¯ä»¥ä¸ç»æŽˆæƒè¿œç¨‹ä¿®æ”¹ç¨‹åºã€‚Amazon的Kindleæœ‰å¯ä»¥åˆ 
除书籍的后门。</p>
+
+<p>在&ldquo;物联网&rdquo;中使用非自由软件会把它变成<a
+href="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806";>&ldquo;市场营销网&rdquo;</a>和&ldquo;监听网&rdquo;。</p>
+
+<p>为了结束非自由软件带来的不å…
¬æ­£ï¼Œè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶è¿åŠ¨å¼€å‘自由软件使用户得到自由。我们从1984年开始开发自由操作系统<a
+href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU</a>。今天，已经有百万台计算机运行着GNU，以<a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux组合</a>为主。</p>
+
+<p>给用户发布一个非自由的程序是在侵害这些用户；但是，选择不发布程序不侵害任何人。如果ä½
 ç¼–å†™ä¸€ä¸ªç¨‹åºï¼Œå¹¶è‡ªå·±ä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œä¸ä¼šå¯¹å…¶ä»–äººé€ 
æˆä¾µå®³ã€‚ï¼ˆä½†ä½ 
确实失去了做善事的机会，不过这并没什么过错。）所以，当我们说所有的软件都应该是自由的，我们是说发布拷贝时应带有这四个自由，但我们并不是说有人有义务为ä½
 提供一个拷贝。</p>
+
+<h3>非自由软件和SaaSS</h3>
+
+<p>非自由软件是å…
¬å¸æŽ§åˆ¶ç”¨æˆ·è®¡ç®—的第一种方式。现在，又有了一种方式，叫做软件即服务或è€
…叫SaaSSã€‚å®ƒçš„æ„æ€æ˜¯è®©å…¶ä»–äººçš„æœåŠ¡å™¨åšä½ çš„è®¡ç®—ä»»åŠ¡ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>SaaSS并不是说运行在服务器上的软件是非自由的（尽管通常是这æ
 ·ï¼‰ã€‚而是说，使用SaaSSä¼šé€ æˆå’Œéžè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ä¸€æ ·çš„ä¸å…
¬æ­£ï¼šå®ƒä»¬åªæ˜¯é€šå‘坏处的两种道路。拿SaaSS翻译服务举个例子：用户把文本发给服务器，服务器翻译这个文本（比如，英语翻译成西班牙语），并把翻译结果发回给用户。这æ
 ·ç¿»è¯‘工作就是在服务器运营者
的控制下，而不是用户的控制下。</p>
+
+<p>å¦‚æžœä½ ä½¿ç”¨SaaSSï¼ŒæœåŠ¡å™¨è¿è¥è€…å°±æŽ§åˆ¶ä½ 
的计算。这需要把相关数据委托给服务器运营者
，而他们会被迫把数据交给政府&mdash;<a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">服务器终究为谁服务？</a></p>
+
+<h3>主要和次要的不公正</h3>
+
+<p>å½“ä½ ä½¿ç”¨ä¸“å±žè½¯ä»¶æˆ–SaaSSæ—¶ï¼Œé¦–å…ˆï¼Œä½ ä¾µå®³äº†ä½ è‡ªå·±ï¼Œå› 
ä¸ºè¿™ç»™äº†åˆ«äººä¸å…¬æ­£çš„æƒåŠ›æ¥æŽ§åˆ¶ä½ ã€‚ä¸ºäº†ä½ 
è‡ªå·±çš„åˆ©ç›Šï¼Œä½ åº”è¯¥é€ƒé¿ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æ‰¿è¯ºä¸å…±äº«ï¼Œä½ 
也侵害了别人。遵守这æ 
·çš„承诺是邪恶的，不遵守则邪恶得轻一些；但要真正地正确，就æ
 ¹æœ¬ä¸è¦åšè¿™æ ·çš„承诺。</p>
+
+<p>有时候，使用非自由软件会给å…
¶ä»–人直接的压力，迫使他们也使用非自由软件。Skype就是个æ¸
…
晰的例子：当一个人使用非自由的Skype客户端软件时，就需要另一个人也用这个软件&mdash;这æ
 ·ï¼ŒåŒæ–¹éƒ½ä¸§å¤±äº†è‡ªç”±ã€‚（Google
+Hangoutsä¹Ÿæœ‰åŒæ ·çš„é—®é¢˜ã€‚ï¼‰ç”šè‡³å»ºè®®ä½¿ç”¨è¿™æ 
·çš„软件都是错误的。我们应该直接拒绝使用它们，即使是在别人的电脑上。</p>
+
+<p>使用非自由软件和SaaSSçš„å¦ä¸€ä¸ªåå¤„æ˜¯ï¼Œè¿™æ ·ä¼šç»™çŠ¯ç½ªè€…
好处，鼓励了这些软件或&ldquo;服务&rdquo;的进一步开发，反过来导致更多人败在这个å
…¬å¸çš„脚下。</p>
+
+<p>以上所有坏处如果发生在公共机构或学æ 
¡çš„è¯ï¼Œåå¤„è¿˜ä¼šåŠ 倍。</p>
+
+<h3>自由软件和政府</h3>
+
+<p>公å…
±æœºæž„的存在是为了人民，不是为了它们自己。它们做计算时，是在为人民做计算。它们有责任确保计算的å
…¨éƒ¨æŽ§åˆ¶æƒï¼Œè¿™æ 
·æ‰èƒ½ä¿è¯è®¡ç®—对于人民是正确的。（这也是政府计算权的一部分。）它们决不能å
…è®¸æ”¿åºœè®¡ç®—的控制权落到私人手里。</p>
+
+<p>为了确保人民计算的控制权，公å…
±æœºæž„ä¸€å®šä¸èƒ½ä½¿ç”¨ä¸“å±žè½¯ä»¶ï¼ˆè¿™æ ·çš„è½¯ä»¶æ˜¯åœ¨å…
¶ä»–人而非政府的控制之下）。它们也一定不能把它委托给å…
¶ä»–äººè€Œä¸æ˜¯æ”¿åºœæ‰€å¼€å‘å’Œè¿è¡Œçš„æœåŠ¡ï¼Œå› 为那æ 
·å°±æ˜¯SaaSS了。</p>
+
+<p>在一种关键情况下&mdash; 违背开发者意愿，专属软件æ 
¹æœ¬æ²¡æœ‰å®‰å…¨æ€§ã€‚开发者可能帮助别人发出攻击。 
在修复之前，<a
+href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/";>微软把Windows的漏洞交给NSA</a>(美国政府数字监视机构)。我们不知道苹果是否也这æ
 ·åšï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ï¼Œå®ƒä¹Ÿå—到了与微软一æ 
·çš„来自政府的压力。如果任何其他国家政府使用这æ 
·çš„è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œå®ƒå°±å±å®³äº†å›½å®¶å®‰å…¨ã€‚ä½ 希望NSAä¾µå…¥ä½ 
国政府计算机吗？请参考我们<a
+href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">为政府推广自由软件的建议政策</a>。</p>
+
+<h3>自由软件和教育</h3>
+
+<p>å­¦æ ¡ï¼ˆè¿™åŒ…
括所有的教育活动）通过他们教授的东西，影响着社会的未来。他们应该只教授自由软件，以便使他们的影响带来好处。教授专利软件就是培育依赖性，而这与教育的使命背道而驰。通过训练使用自由软件，学æ
 
¡èƒ½ä½¿ç¤¾ä¼šçš„未来走向自由，并帮助天赋程序员掌握这门手艺。</p>
+
+<p>å®ƒä»¬è¿˜èƒ½æ•™ä¼šå­¦ç”Ÿåˆä½œå’Œå¸®åŠ©ä»–äººçš„ä¹ 
æƒ¯ã€‚æ¯èŠ‚è¯¾éƒ½åº”è¯¥æœ‰è¿™æ ·ä¸€ä¸ªè§„å®š:&ldquo;同学们，这个课å 
‚æ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬åˆ†äº«çŸ¥è¯†çš„åœ°æ–¹ã€‚å¦‚æžœå¸¦è½¯ä»¶åˆ°è¯¾å ‚æ¥ï¼Œä½ 
不能只是自己用。而是应该与其他同学分享拷贝&mdash;包
æ‹¬ç¨‹åºçš„æºä»£ç ï¼Œä»¥ä¾¿æœ‰äººæƒ³è¦å­¦ä¹ 
è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ã€‚æ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œå¸¦ä¸“å±žè½¯ä»¶åˆ°è¯¾å ‚æ˜¯ä¸å…
è®¸çš„，除非是要把它逆向工程。&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>ä¸“å±žè½¯ä»¶çš„å¼€å‘è€…æƒ©ç½šæ„¿æ„åˆ†äº«è½¯ä»¶çš„å¥½å­¦ç”Ÿï¼Œé˜»æŒ 
好学的学生去修改它。这是坏教育。关于在学æ 
¡ä½¿ç”¨è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶çš„更多讨论请参见<a
+href="/education/">http://www.gnu.org/education/</a>。</p>
+
+<h3>自由软件：不只是&ldquo;优势&rdquo;</h3>
+
+<p>我经常被问到自由软件的&ldquo;优势&rdquo;是什么。但是，谈到自由时，&ldquo;优势&rdquo;这个词就太弱了。生活没有自由就是压迫，这点在计算和生活中所有å
…¶ä»–活动都适用。我们必
须拒绝把我们要做的计算的控制权交给程序开发者或者
è®¡ç®—æœåŠ¡å•†ã€‚å‡ºäºŽç§å¯†çš„åŽŸå› ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯æ­£ç¡®çš„åšæ³•ï¼›ä½†ä¸ä»…ä»…
åªæ˜¯ç§å¯†çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>自由包
括与他人合作的自由。剥夺人们的这个自由就是孤立他们，也是谋划压迫他们的开始。在自由软件社区中，我们非常注重合作的重要性，å›
 ä¸ºæˆ‘ä»¬çš„å·¥ä½œæ˜¯ç”±æœ‰ç»„ç»‡çš„åˆä½œç»„æˆçš„ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ çš„æœ‹å‹æ¥é€ 
è®¿ï¼Œçœ‹åˆ°ä½ 
ç”¨çš„ä¸€ä¸ªç¨‹åºï¼Œä»–å¯èƒ½ä¼šè¦ä¸€ä¸ªæ‹·è´ã€‚ä¸€ä¸ªé˜»æ­¢ä½ å‘å¸ƒæˆ–è€…
è¯´ä½ &ldquo;不应该&rdquo;这么做的软件，是反社会的。</p>
+
+<p>在计算中，合作包括给å…
¶ä»–ç”¨æˆ·å‘å¸ƒä¸€ä¸ªç¨‹åºçš„ç›¸åŒæ‹·è´ã€‚ä¹ŸåŒ…æ‹¬ç»™ä»–ä»¬å‘å¸ƒä½ 
修改后的版本。自由软件鼓励这种形式的合作，而专属软件禁止这æ
 ·åšã€‚它们禁止发布拷贝，并通过不给用户提供源代ç 
ï¼Œä½¿å¾—ç”¨æˆ·æ— 法修改。SaaSSæœ‰ç€ç›¸åŒçš„æ•ˆæžœï¼šå¦‚æžœä½ 
的计算是通过网络在其他人的服务器上、用å…
¶ä»–äººçš„è½¯ä»¶å®Œæˆçš„ï¼Œä½ æ— æ³•çœ‹åˆ°æˆ–æŽ¥è§¦åˆ°è¿™äº›è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ä½ 
不能发布或者修改它。</p>
+
+<h3>结论</h3>
+
+<p>我们有权掌握我们计算的控制权；我们怎æ 
·èµ¢å¾—这个控制权呢？通过拒绝在自己的或者
经常使用的电脑上使用非自由软件和SaaSS。(程序员们)通过<a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html">开发自由软件</a>。通过拒绝开发和推广非自由软件和SaaSS。通过<a
+href="/help/help.html">å‘å…¶ä»–äººä¼ æ’­è¿™æ ·çš„ç†å¿µ</a>。</p>
+
+<p>我们和成千上万的用户从1984å¹´å°±è¿™æ ·åšäº†ï¼Œè¿™æ 
·æˆ‘们才有了现在的自由的、所有人&mdash;程序员或非程序员&mdash;都可以使用的GNU/Linux操作系统。请åŠ
 入我们的事业，做一个程序员或者
一个积极分子。让我们使所有的计算机用户都自由。</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU 
的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过 <a
+href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a> 
联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议，请发送邮件到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+若您想翻译本文，请参看<a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>获取有å…
³åè°ƒå’Œæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的相关事项。</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2017 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>授权。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译</b>：王志坤，2014。<br></br>
+<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新：
+
+$Date: 2017/10/07 14:29:09 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/free-software-even-more-important.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
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diff -N po/free-software-even-more-important.zh-cn-en.html
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-0000       1.1
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<title>Free Software Is Even More Important Now
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include 
virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Free Software Is Even More Important Now</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a
+href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before";>
+Wired</a>.</p>
+<p>
+<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software 
movement</a>.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Since 1983, the Free Software Movement has campaigned for computer
+users' freedom&mdash;for users to control the software they
+use, rather than vice versa.  When a program respects users' freedom
+and community, we call it &ldquo;free software.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>We also sometimes call it &ldquo;libre software&rdquo; to emphasize
+that we're talking about liberty, not price.  Some proprietary
+(nonfree) programs, such as Photoshop, are very expensive; others,
+such as Flash Player, are available gratis&mdash;but that's a minor
+detail.  Either way, they give the program's developer power
+over the users, power that no one should have.</p>
+
+<p>Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are
+both <em>malware</em>.  That is, both have functionalities designed to
+mistreat the user.  Proprietary software nowadays is often malware
+because <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">the developers' power
+corrupts them</a>.  That directory lists around 300 different
+malicious functionalities (as of Apr 2017), but it is surely just the
+tip of the iceberg.</p>
+
+<p>With free software, the users control the program, both individually
+and collectively.  So they control what their computers do (assuming
+those computers are <a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html">loyal</a>
+and do what the users' programs tell them to do).</p>
+
+<p>With proprietary software, the program controls the users, and some
+other entity (the developer or &ldquo;owner&rdquo;) controls the
+program.  So the proprietary program gives its developer power over
+its users.  That is unjust in itself, and tempts the developer to
+mistreat the users in other ways.</p>
+
+<p>Even when proprietary software isn't downright malicious, its
+developers have an incentive to make it 
+<a 
href="https://observer.com/2016/06/how-technology-hijacks-peoples-minds%E2%80%8A-%E2%80%8Afrom-a-magician-and-googles-design-ethicist/";>
+addictive,
+controlling and manipulative</a>.  You can say, as does the author of
+that article, that the developers have an ethical obligation not to do
+that, but generally they follow their interests.  If you want this not
+to happen, make sure the program is controlled by its users.</p>
+
+<p>Freedom means having control over your own life.  If you use a
+program to carry out activities in your life, your freedom depends on
+your having control over the program.  You deserve to have control
+over the programs you use, and all the more so when you use them for
+something important in your life.</p>
+
+<p>Users' control over the program requires four
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">essential freedoms</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever purpose.</p>
+
+<p>(1) The freedom to study the program's &ldquo;source code&rdquo;,
+and change it, so the program does your computing as you wish.
+Programs are written by programmers in a programming
+language&mdash;like English combined with algebra&mdash;and that form
+of the program is the &ldquo;source code&rdquo;.  Anyone who knows
+programming, and has the program in source code form, can read the
+source code, understand its functioning, and change it too.  When all
+you get is the executable form, a series of numbers that are efficient
+for the computer to run but extremely hard for a human being to
+understand, understanding and changing the program in that form are
+forbiddingly hard.</p>
+
+<p>(2) The freedom to make and distribute exact copies when you wish.
+(It is not an obligation; doing this is your choice.  If the program
+is free, that doesn't mean someone has an obligation to offer you a
+copy, or that you have an obligation to offer him a copy.
+Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats them;
+however, choosing not to distribute the program&mdash;using it
+privately&mdash;does not mistreat anyone.)</p> 
+
+<p>(3) The freedom to make and distribute copies of your modified
+versions, when you wish.</p>
+
+<p>The first two freedoms mean each user can exercise individual
+control over the program.  With the other two freedoms, any group of
+users can together exercise <em>collective control</em> over the
+program.  With all four freedoms, the users fully control the program.
+If any of them is missing or inadequate, the program is proprietary
+(nonfree), and unjust.</p>
+
+<p>Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, including
+recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, reference
+works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for displaying
+paragraphs of text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people to build,
+and patterns for making useful (not merely decorative) objects with a
+3D printer.  Since these are not software, the free software movement
+strictly speaking doesn't cover them; but the same reasoning applies
+and leads to the same conclusion: these works should carry the four
+freedoms.</p>
+
+<p>A free program allows you to tinker with it to make it do what you
+want (or cease do to something you dislike).  Tinkering with software
+may sound ridiculous if you are accustomed to proprietary software as
+a sealed box, but in the Free World it's a common thing to do, and a
+good way to learn programming.  Even the traditional American pastime
+of tinkering with cars is obstructed because cars now contain nonfree
+software.</p>
+
+<h3>The Injustice of Proprietariness</h3>
+
+<p>If the users don't control the program, the program controls the
+users.  With proprietary software, there is always some entity, the
+developer or &ldquo;owner&rdquo; of the program, that controls the
+program&mdash;and through it, exercises power over its users.  A
+nonfree program is a yoke, an instrument of unjust power.</p>
+
+<p>In outrageous cases (though this outrage has become quite usual) <a
+href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">proprietary programs are designed
+to spy on the users, restrict them, censor them, and abuse them</a>.
+For instance, the operating system of Apple iThings does all of these,
+and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips.  Windows, mobile
+phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include a universal back
+door that allows some company to change the program remotely without
+asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door that can erase
+books.</p>
+
+<p>The use of nonfree software in the &ldquo;internet of things&rdquo;
+would turn it into
+the <a 
href="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806";>&ldquo;internet
+of telemarketers&rdquo;</a> as well as the &ldquo;internet of
+snoopers&rdquo;.</p>
+
+<p>With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free
+software movement develops free programs so users can free themselves.
+We began in 1984 by developing the free operating system <a
+href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers
+run GNU, mainly in the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux
+combination</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those users;
+however, choosing not to distribute the program does not mistreat
+anyone.  If you write a program and use it privately, that does no
+wrong to others.  (You do miss an opportunity to do good, but that's
+not the same as doing wrong.)  Thus, when we say all software must
+be free, we mean that every copy must come with the four freedoms,
+but we don't mean that someone has an obligation to offer you a copy.</p>
+
+<h3>Nonfree Software and SaaSS</h3>
+
+<p>Nonfree software was the first way for companies to take control of
+people's computing.  Nowadays, there is another way, called Service as
+a Software Substitute, or SaaSS.  That means letting someone else's
+server do your own computing tasks.</p>
+
+<p>SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though they
+often are).  Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as using a
+nonfree program: they are two paths to the same bad place.  Take the
+example of a SaaSS translation service: The user sends text to the
+server, and the server translates it (from English to Spanish, say)
+and sends the translation back to the user.  Now the job of
+translating is under the control of the server operator rather than
+the user.</p>
+
+<p>If you use SaaSS, the server operator controls your computing.  It
+requires entrusting all the pertinent data to the server operator,
+which will be forced to show it to the state as well&mdash;<a
+href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">who
+does that server really serve, after all?</a></p>
+
+<h3>Primary And Secondary Injustices</h3>
+
+<p>When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do wrong
+to yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you.  For
+your own sake, you should escape.  It also wrongs others if you make a
+promise not to share.  It is evil to keep such a promise, and a lesser
+evil to break it; to be truly upright, you should not make the promise
+at all.</p>
+
+<p>There are cases where using nonfree software puts pressure directly
+on others to do likewise.  Skype is a clear example: when one person
+uses the nonfree Skype client software, it requires another person to
+use that software too&mdash;thus both surrender their freedom.
+(Google Hangouts have the same problem.)  It is wrong even to suggest
+using such programs.  We should refuse to use them even briefly, even
+on someone else's computer.</p>
+
+<p>Another harm of using nonfree programs and SaaSS is that it rewards
+the perpetrator, encouraging further development of that program or
+&ldquo;service&rdquo;, leading in turn to even more people falling
+under the company's thumb.</p>
+
+<p>All the forms of indirect harm are magnified when the user is a
+public entity or a school.</p>
+
+<h3>Free Software and the State</h3>
+
+<p>Public agencies exist for the people, not for themselves.  When they
+do computing, they do it for the people.  They have a duty to maintain
+full control over that computing so that they can assure it is done
+properly for the people.  (This constitutes the computational
+sovereignty of the state.)  They must never allow control over the
+state's computing to fall into private hands.</p>
+
+<p>To maintain control of the people's computing, public agencies must
+not do it with proprietary software (software under the control of an
+entity other than the state).  And they must not entrust it to a
+service programmed and run by an entity other than the state, since
+this would be SaaSS.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial case
+&mdash; against its developer.  And the developer may help others attack.
+<a 
href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/";>
+Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital
+spying agency) before fixing them.  We do not know whether Apple does
+likewise, but it is under the same government pressure as Microsoft.
+If the government of any other country uses such software, it
+endangers national security.  Do you want the NSA to break into your
+government's computers?  See
+our <a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">suggested
+policies for governments to promote free software</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Free Software and Education</h3>
+
+<p>Schools (and this includes all educational activities) influence the
+future of society through what they teach.  They should teach
+exclusively free software, so as to use their influence for the good.
+To teach a proprietary program is to implant dependence, which goes
+against the mission of education.  By training in use of free
+software, schools will direct society's future towards freedom, and
+help talented programmers master the craft.</p>
+
+<p>They will also teach students the habit of cooperating, helping
+other people.  Each class should have this rule: &ldquo;Students, this
+class is a place where we share our knowledge.  If you bring software
+to class, you may not keep it for yourself.  Rather, you must share
+copies with the rest of the class&mdash;including the program's source
+code, in case someone else wants to learn.  Therefore, bringing
+proprietary software to class is not permitted except to reverse
+engineer it.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary developers would have us punish students who are good
+enough at heart to share software and thwart those curious enough to
+want to change it.  This means a bad education.  See
+<a href="/education/">http://www.gnu.org/education/</a>
+for more discussion of the use of free software in schools.</p>
+
+<h3>Free Software: More Than &ldquo;Advantages&rdquo;</h3>
+
+<p>I'm often asked to describe the &ldquo;advantages&rdquo; of free
+software.  But the word &ldquo;advantages&rdquo; is too weak when it
+comes to freedom.  Life without freedom is oppression, and that
+applies to computing as well as every other activity in our lives.  We
+must refuse to give the developers of the programs or computing services
+control over the computing we do.  This is the right thing to do, for
+selfish reasons; but not solely for selfish reasons.</p>
+
+<p>Freedom includes the freedom to cooperate with others.  Denying
+people that freedom means keeping them divided, which is the start of
+a scheme to oppress them.  In the free software community, we are very
+much aware of the importance of the freedom to cooperate because our
+work consists of organized cooperation.  If your friend comes to visit
+and sees you use a program, she might ask for a copy.  A program which
+stops you from redistributing it, or says you're &ldquo;not supposed
+to&rdquo;, is antisocial.</p>
+
+<p>In computing, cooperation includes redistributing exact copies of a
+program to other users.  It also includes distributing your changed
+versions to them.  Free software encourages these forms of
+cooperation, while proprietary software forbids them.  It forbids
+redistribution of copies, and by denying users the source code, it
+blocks them from making changes.  SaaSS has the same effects: if your
+computing is done over the web in someone else's server, by someone
+else's copy of a program, you can't see it or touch the software that
+does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or change it.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusion</h3>
+
+<p>We deserve to have control of our own computing; how can we win
+this control?  By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own
+or regularly use, and rejecting SaaSS.  By <a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> developing free
+software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.) By refusing to
+develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS.  By <a
+href="/help/help.html">spreading these ideas to others</a>.</p>
+
+<p>We and thousands of users have done this since 1984, which is how
+we now have the free GNU/Linux operating system that
+anyone&mdash;programmer or not&mdash;can use.  Join our cause, as a
+programmer or an activist.  Let's make all computer users free.</p>
+
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
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+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
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+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
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+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
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+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
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+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2017 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
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+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2017/10/07 14:29:09 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>