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Subject: |
www philosophy/why-free.el.html philosophy/po/p... |
Date: |
Sat, 7 May 2016 20:58:50 +0000 (UTC) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 16/05/07 20:58:50
Modified files:
philosophy : why-free.el.html
philosophy/po : pragmatic.el.po pragmatic.translist
why-free.el.po
proprietary/po : proprietary-back-doors.de.po
proprietary-back-doors.fr.po
proprietary-back-doors.it.po
proprietary-back-doors.ja.po
proprietary-back-doors.pot
proprietary-back-doors.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy : pragmatic.el.html
philosophy/po : pragmatic.el-en.html why-free.el-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/pragmatic.el.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.el-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ja.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
Patches:
Index: philosophy/why-free.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/why-free.el.html 20 Nov 2014 18:09:04 -0000 1.7
+++ philosophy/why-free.el.html 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,25 +1,18 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/why-free.el.po">
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/why-free.el.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/why-free.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value=""
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2009-09-05" -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/why-free.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>ÎιαÏί Ïο ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Îεν Îα ÎÏÏεÏε να
ÎÏει ÎδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ - ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα
+<title>ÎιαÏί Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει
ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ - ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ</title>
-<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, ÎÏγο GNU, FSF, ÎλεÏθεÏο
ÎογιÏμικÏ, ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ,
ÎιαÏί
-Ïο ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Îεν Îα ÎÏÏεÏε να ÎÏει
ÎδιοκÏήÏεÏ" />
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, ÎÏγο GNU, ÎÎÎ, FSF,
ÎλεÏθεÏο ÎογιÏμικÏ, ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ,
+ÎιαÏί Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει
ιδιοκÏήÏεÏ" />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
-<h2>ÎιαÏί Ïο ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Îεν Îα ÎÏÏεÏε να ÎÏει
ÎδιοκÏήÏεÏ</h2>
+<h2>ÎιαÏί Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏει
ιδιοκÏήÏεÏ</h2>
<p>αÏÏ Ïον <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -31,28 +24,28 @@
<p>
ÎÏι Ïλοι, θÎλοÏ
ν να Ïο κάνοÏ
ν εÏ
κολÏÏεÏο.
Το ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν
-δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν, δίνει ÏÏα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï âιδιοκÏήÏεÏâ, οι ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι
-ÏÏν οÏοίÏν ÏκοÏεÏοÏ
ν να ÏαÏακÏαÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏιÏ
ÏιθανÎÏ, εÏ
εÏγεÏικÎÏ Î´Ï
ναÏÏÏηÏεÏ
-ÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, μακÏιά αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏÏλοιÏοÏ
Ï
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï. ÎÏ
Ïοί, θÎλοÏ
ν να είναι
-οι μοναδικοί ÏοÏ
μÏοÏοÏν να ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν
και να ÏÏοÏοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν Ïο λογιÏμικÏ
-ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε.</p>
+δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν, δίνει ÏÏα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï “ιδιοκÏήÏεϔ, οι
+ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι ÏÏν οÏοίÏν ÏκοÏεÏοÏ
ν να
ÏαÏακÏαÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏÎ¹Ï ÏιθανÎÏ, εÏ
εÏγεÏικÎÏ
+δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼Î±ÎºÏιά αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï Ï
ÏÏλοιÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï. ÎÏ
Ïοί,
+θÎλοÏ
ν να είναι οι μοναδικοί ÏοÏ
μÏοÏοÏν
να ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν και να ÏÏοÏοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν
+Ïο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε.</p>
<p>
-Το ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν,
αναÏÏÏÏθηκε με Ïην ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏία - μια
-ÏεÏνολογία για μαζική ÏαÏαγÏγή
ανÏιγÏάÏÏν. Τα δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ
-(Copyright) ÏαίÏιαξε με αÏ
Ïήν Ïην ÏεÏνολογία,
διÏÏι ÏεÏιÏÏιζε μÏνο ÏοÏ
Ï
-μαζικοÏÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¯Ïν. Îεν ÎÏαιÏνε
Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÏεÏ
-ÏÏν βιβλίÏν. ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏ
νηθιÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÏηÏ,
ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ καÏείÏε ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏείο,
-μÏοÏοÏÏε να ανÏιγÏάÏει βιβλία μÏνο
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏÎ±Ï ÏαÏÏί και μελάνι, και
-λίγοι αναγνÏÏÏÎµÏ Î¼Î·Î½Ïθηκαν για αÏ
ÏÏ.</p>
+Το ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏν ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν,
αναÏÏÏÏθηκε με Ïην
+ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏία—μια ÏεÏνολογία για μαζική
ÏαÏαγÏγή ανÏιγÏάÏÏν. Τα
+ÏνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα (Copyright) ÏαίÏιαζαν με
αÏ
Ïήν Ïην ÏεÏνολογία, διÏÏι
+ÏεÏιÏÏιζε μÏνο ÏοÏ
Ï Î¼Î±Î¶Î¹ÎºÎ¿ÏÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏείÏ
βιβλίÏν. Îεν ÎÏαιÏνε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία
+αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏν βιβλίÏν. ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏ
νηθιÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î±Î½Î±Î³Î½ÏÏÏηÏ, ο οÏÎ¿Î¯Î¿Ï Î´ÎµÎ½
+καÏείÏε ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏείο, μÏοÏοÏÏε να
ανÏιγÏάÏει βιβλία μÏνο ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιÏνÏαÏ
+ÏαÏÏί και μελάνι, και λίγοι αναγνÏÏÏεÏ
μηνÏθηκαν για αÏ
ÏÏ.</p>
<p>
Î ÏηÏιακή ÏεÏνολογία, είναι Ïιο εÏ
ÎλικÏη
αÏÏ Ïο ÏÏ
ÏογÏαÏείο: ÏÏαν η
ÏληÏοÏοÏία ÎÏει ÏηÏιακή μοÏÏή, μÏοÏείÏε
εÏκολα να Ïην ανÏιγÏάÏεÏε και να Ïην
-μοιÏαÏÏείÏε με άλλοÏ
Ï. ÎÏ
Ïή ακÏιβÏÏ Î· εÏ
ελιξία, εδημιοÏÏγηÏε Îναν κακÏ
-ÏÏ
νδÏ
αÏÎ¼Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα ÏαÏεμÏεÏÎÏ Î¼Îµ Ïα
δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
-και ο λÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÏίÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην κλιμακοÏμενη
μοÏθηÏία και Ïα δÏακÏνÏεια μÎÏÏα να
-εÏιβληθοÏν Ïα δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν
λογιÏμικοÏ. ÎάβεÏε Ï
Ï'ÏÏιν ÏÎ±Ï ÏιÏ
+μοιÏαÏÏείÏε με άλλοÏ
Ï. ÎÏ
Ïή ακÏιβÏÏ Î· εÏ
ελιξία, δημιοÏ
Ïγεί Îναν κακÏ
+ÏÏ
νδÏ
αÏÎ¼Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏÏÏ Ïα
δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ. ÎÏ
ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ και ο
+λÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÏίÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην κλιμακοÏμενη μοÏθηÏία
και Ïα δÏακÏνÏεια μÎÏÏα να
+εÏιβληθοÏν Ïα δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν
λογιÏμικοÏ. ÎάβεÏε Ï
ÏÏÏιν ÏÎ±Ï Î±Ï
ÏÎÏ ÏιÏ
ÏÎÏÏεÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏακÏικÎÏ ÏÎ·Ï ÎνÏÏÎ·Ï ÎκδοÏÏν
ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (Software Publishers
Association - SPA):</p>
@@ -63,28 +56,28 @@
<li>ÎελεαÏμÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÏαÏιÎδεÏ, ÏÏÏε να δίδοÏ
ν
ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹
ÏÏ
νάδελÏοÏ
Ï.</li>
-<li>ÎÏιδÏομÎÏ (με αÏÏÏ
νομική βοήθεια) Ïε
γÏαÏεία και ÏÏολεία, ÏÏα οÏοία
-λÎγοÏ
ν ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να
αÏοδείξοÏ
ν Ïην αθÏοÏηÏά ÏοÏ
Ï Î³Î¹Î±
-ÏαÏάνομη ανÏιγÏαÏή.</li>
-
-<li>ÎίÏξη (αÏÏ Ïην κÏ
βÎÏνηÏη ÏÏν Î.Î .Î. ÎÏειÏα
αÏÏ Î±Î¯Ïημα ÏÎ·Ï SPA) ανθÏÏÏÏν,
-ÏÏÏÏ Î¿ David LaMacchia ÏοÏ
Î.Î.Τ., ÏÏι για ανÏιγÏαÏή
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (δεν
-καÏηγοÏήθηκε ÏοÏΠγια κάÏι ÏÎÏοιο) αλλά
αÏλÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην αναÏοÏελεÏμαÏική
-ÏÏλαξη ÏÏν ÏÏ
ÏκεÏ
Ïν ανÏιγÏαÏÎ®Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην
αÏοÏÏ
ÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏο να ελÎγξει Ïην
-ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Ï.</li>
+<li>ÎÏιδÏομÎÏ (με αÏÏÏ
νομική βοήθεια) Ïε
γÏαÏεία και ÏÏολεία, ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ Î»ÎγοÏ
ν
+ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏ ÏÏÎÏει να αÏοδείξοÏ
ν
Ïην αθÏÏÏηÏά ÏοÏ
Ï Î³Î¹Î± ÏαÏάνομη
+ανÏιγÏαÏή.</li>
+
+<li>ÎίÏξη (αÏÏ Ïην κÏ
βÎÏνηÏη ÏÏν Î.Î .Î. ÎÏειÏα
αÏÏ Î±Î¯Ïημα ÏÎ·Ï SPA) ανθÏÏÏÏν ÏÏÏÏ
+ο David LaMacchia ÏοÏ
<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology">MIT</acronym>, ÏÏι για ανÏιγÏαÏή
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (δεν καÏηγοÏήθηκε
+ÏοÏΠγια κάÏι ÏÎÏοιο), αλλά αÏλÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïην
αναÏοÏελεÏμαÏική ÏÏλαξη ÏÏν
+ÏÏ
ÏκεÏ
Ïν ανÏιγÏαÏÎ®Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην αÏοÏÏ
Ïία ÏÏο
να ελÎγξει Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Ï.<a
+href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
Îαι οι ÏÎÏÏεÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏαÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏακÏικÎÏ,
ÏÏοÏομοιάζοÏ
ν αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήθηκαν
-ÏÏην ÏÏÏην Î.Σ.Σ.Î., ÏÏοÏ
κάθε ÏÏÏοÏÏ
ÏικÏ
μηÏάνημα είÏε και αÏÏ Îναν ÏÏοÏ
ÏÏ
-ÏÏÏε να ÏÏολαβαίνει ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏάνομεÏ
ανÏιγÏαÏÎÏ, ÏÏοÏ
οι ιδιÏÏÎµÏ ÎÏÏεÏε να
-ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÎºÏÏ
Ïά, και να ÏιÏ
ÏεÏνοÏν ÏÎÏι με ÏÎÏι, Ïα
-λεγÏμενα âsamizdatâ. Î¥ÏάÏÏει βÎβαια μια
διαÏοÏά: Ïο κίνηÏÏο ÏÏην
-ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη για Ïον ÎλεγÏο ÏηÏ
ÏληÏοÏοÏίαÏ, ήÏαν ÏολιÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ½Ï ÏÏιÏ
-Î.Î .Î. Ïο κίνηÏÏο είναι Ïο κÎÏδοÏ. Îλλά αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ οι ενÎÏÎ³ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
μαÏ
-εÏηÏεάζοÏ
ν, ÏÏι Ïα κίνηÏÏα. Îάθε
ÏÏοÏÏάθεια για ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏη ÏοÏ
διαμοιÏαÏμοÏ
-ÏÎ·Ï ÏληÏοÏοÏίαÏ, για οÏοιοδήÏοÏε λÏγο,
οδηγεί ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¯Î´Î¹ÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏδοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏην
-ίδια ÏκληÏÏÏηÏα.</p>
+ÏÏην ÏÏÏην ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη, ÏÏοÏ
κάθε
ÏÏÏοÏÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î·Ïάνημα είÏε και αÏÏ Îναν
+ÏÏοÏ
ÏÏ ÏÏÏε να ÏÏολαβαίνει ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏαγοÏεÏ
μÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏαÏÎÏ, και ÏÏοÏ
οι ιδιÏÏεÏ
+ÎÏÏεÏε να ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÎºÏÏ
Ïά
και να ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏνοÏν ÏÎÏι με ÏÎÏι, ÏÏ
+samizdat. Î¥ÏάÏÏει βÎβαια μια διαÏοÏά: Ïο
κίνηÏÏο για Ïον ÎλεγÏο ÏηÏ
+ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏη ΣοβιεÏική ÎνÏÏη ήÏαν
ÏολιÏικÏ· ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î.Î .Î. Ïο κίνηÏÏο είναι
+Ïο κÎÏδοÏ. Îλλά είναι οι ενÎÏÎ³ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
μαÏ
εÏηÏεάζοÏ
ν, ÏÏι Ïα κίνηÏÏα. Îάθε
+ÏÏοÏÏάθεια για ÏαÏεμÏÏδιÏη ÏοÏ
διαμοιÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏληÏοÏοÏίαÏ, για
οÏοιοδήÏοÏε
+λÏγο, οδηγεί ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î¯Î´Î¹ÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏδοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏην
ίδια ÏκληÏÏÏηÏα.</p>
<p>
Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÎÏοÏ
ν διαÏÏÏÏν ειδÏν
εÏιÏειÏήμαÏα, για Ïην αÏÏδοÏη Ïε αÏ
ÏοÏÏ
@@ -95,31 +88,33 @@
<li id="name-calling">ÎÏιθεÏική ονομαÏολογία.
<p>
-Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν δÏ
ÏÏημιÏÏικÎÏ ÎµÎºÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏ âÏειÏαÏείαâ
και
-âκλοÏήâ, και ιδιαίÏεÏÎµÏ Î¿ÏÎ¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯ÎµÏ ÏÏÏÏ
âÏνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏαâ και âβλάβηâ
-ÏÏÏε να ÏÏ
ÏÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏÏο κοινÏ, Îναν ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο ÏÏÏÏο ÏκÎÏεÏÏ, μια
-αÏλοÏ
ÏÏεÏ
μÎνη αναλογία μεÏαξÏ
ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν και Ï
λικÏν ανÏικειμÎνÏν.</p>
+Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν δÏ
ÏÏημιÏÏικÎÏ ÎµÎºÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏÏÏ
+“ÏειÏαÏεία” και “κλοÏή”, και
ιδιαίÏεÏÎµÏ Î¿ÏολογίεÏ
+ÏÏÏÏ “ÏνεÏ
μαÏική ιδιοκÏηÏία” και
“βλάβη” ÏÏÏε να
+ÏÏ
ÏÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏÏο κοινÏ, Îναν ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο
ÏÏÏÏο ÏκÎÏεÏϗμια αÏλοÏ
ÏÏεÏ
μÎνη
+αναλογία μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν και Ï
λικÏν
ανÏικειμÎνÏν.</p>
<p>
Îι ιδÎÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ διαιÏθήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î±Ï, για Ïην
ιδιοκÏηÏία Ï
λικÏν ανÏικειμÎνÏν, είναι
για Ïο εάν είναι ÏÏÏÏÏ <em>να ÏάÏει κανείÏ
Îνα ανÏικείμενο αÏÏ Ïην καÏοÏή
κάÏοιοÏ
άλλοÏ
</em>. Îεν Ï
ÏάγονÏαι εÏ
θÎÏÏ ÏÏο
να <em>ανÏιγÏάÏει</em> κάÏι αÏÏ
-κάÏοÏ
. Îλλά οι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Ïο εÏαÏμÏζοÏ
ν
ÎÏÏι και αλλιÏÏ.</p></li>
+κάÏοÏ
. Îλλά οι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î¼Î±Ï Î¶Î·ÏοÏν να ÏιÏ
εÏαÏμÏζοÏ
με ÎÏÏι και αλλιÏÏ.</p></li>
<li id="exaggeration">Î¥ÏεÏβολή.
<p>
-Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î»Îνε ÏÏÏ Ï
ÏοÏÎÏοÏ
ν âβλάβηâ
ή âοικονομική αÏÏλειαâ ÏÏαν οι
-ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα, μÏνοι ÏοÏ
Ï. Îλλά η ανÏιγÏαÏή, δεν ÎÏει
-άμεÏη εÏίÏÏÏÏη ÏÏον ιδιοκÏήÏη, δεν
εÏιÏÎÏει βλάβη Ïε κανÎναν. ΠιδιοκÏήÏηÏ
-Ïάνει μÏνο ÏÏην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, ÏÏοÏ
αÏ
ÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Îκανε Ïο ανÏίγÏαÏο, θα ÏλήÏÏνε Ïε
-άλλη ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, για Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο αÏÏ Ïον
ιδιοκÏήÏη.</p>
+Îι ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î»Îνε ÏÏÏ Ï
ÏοÏÎÏοÏ
ν
“βλάβη” ή “οικονομική
+αÏÏλεια” ÏÏαν οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î±Î½ÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα, μÏνοι ÏοÏ
Ï. Îλλά η
+ανÏιγÏαÏή, δεν ÎÏει άμεÏη εÏίÏÏÏÏη ÏÏον
ιδιοκÏήÏη, δεν εÏιÏÎÏει βλάβη Ïε
+κανÎναν. ΠιδιοκÏήÏÎ·Ï Ïάνει μÏνο ÏÏην
ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, ÏÏοÏ
αÏ
ÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Îκανε Ïο
+ανÏίγÏαÏο, θα ÏλήÏÏνε Ïε άλλη ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη,
για Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο αÏÏ Ïον
+ιδιοκÏήÏη.</p>
<p>
Îε λίγη ÏκÎÏη, ÏαίνεÏαι ÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹
ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏοι ÏÎÏοιοι άνθÏÏÏοι, δεν θα
-αγÏÏαζαν ανÏίγÏαÏα. ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, οι
ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Ï
ÏολογίζοÏ
ν ÏÎ¹Ï âαÏÏλειÎÏâ
-ÏοÏ
Ï, ÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¸Î± αγÏÏαζε και αÏÏ Îνα
ανÏίγÏαÏο. ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ï
ÏεÏβολή, να
-Ïο θÎÏÏ ÎµÏ
γενικά.</p></li>
+αγÏÏαζαν ανÏίγÏαÏα. ÎÏÏ Ïην άλλη, οι
ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Ï
ÏολογίζοÏ
ν ÏιÏ
+“αÏÏλειÎÏ” ÏοÏ
Ï, ÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Î¸Îµ ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î¸Î±
αγÏÏαζε και αÏÏ Îνα
+ανÏίγÏαÏο. ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Ï
ÏεÏβολή—να Ïο
θÎÏÏ ÎµÏ
γενικά.</p></li>
<li id="law">Î ÎÏμοÏ.
@@ -136,12 +131,11 @@
ÏκÎÏη, ÏÏοοÏίζεÏαι για να ενιÏÏÏÏει Îναν
δÏÏμο ÏνεÏ
μαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏÏ
νήθειαÏ.</p>
<p>
-Îίναι βαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± γνÏÏίζοÏ
με ÏÏÏ Î¿Î¹ νÏμοι,
δεν αÏοÏαÏίζοÏ
ν για Ïο Ïί είναι
-ÏÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïί είναι λάθοÏ. Îάθε
ÎμεÏικανÏÏ{Σ.Ï.ÎÏÏ: και ÏÏι μÏνο...} θα
-ÎÏÏεÏε να γνÏÏίζει ÏÏÏ, ÏαÏάνÏα ÏÏÏνια
ÏÏιν, ήÏαν ÏαÏάνομο Ïε ÏολλÎÏ
-ÏολιÏÎµÎ¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Îναν ÎγÏÏÏμο να καθίÏει ÏÏο
μÏÏοÏÏÎ¹Î½Ï Ïμήμα ενÏÏ Î»ÎµÏÏοÏείοÏ
,
-αλλά μÏνο οι ÏαÏÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¸Î± Îλεγαν ÏÏÏ Ïο να
κάθεÏαι εκεί ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÎγÏÏÏμοÏ, θα
-ήÏαν λάθοÏ.</p></li>
+Îίναι ÏÏοιÏειÏÎ´ÎµÏ Ïο ÏÏι οι νÏμοι δεν
αÏοÏαÏίζοÏ
ν για Ïο Ïι είναι ÏÏÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹
+Ïι λάθοÏ. Îάθε ÎμεÏικανÏÏ Î¸Î± ÎÏÏεÏε να
γνÏÏίζει ÏÏÏ, Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
1950,
+ήÏαν ÏαÏάνομο Ïε ÏολλÎÏ ÏολιÏÎµÎ¯ÎµÏ Î³Î¹Î± Îναν
ÎγÏÏÏμο να καθίÏει ÏÏο μÏÏοÏÏινÏ
+Ïμήμα ενÏÏ Î»ÎµÏÏοÏείοÏ
· αλλά μÏνο οι
ÏαÏÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¸Î± Îλεγαν ÏÏÏ Ïο να κάθεÏαι
+εκεί ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÎγÏÏÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î®Ïαν λάθοÏ.</p></li>
<li id="natural-rights">ΦÏ
Ïικά δικαιÏμαÏα.
@@ -154,9 +148,9 @@
αÏ
Ïήν Ïην διαÏοÏά).</p>
<p>
-Îια ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏοÏείνοÏ
ν αÏ
ÏÏ, ÏÏ Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î¾Î¯Ïμα
-ο ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎÎ±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ
-είναι ÏημανÏικÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏ ÎµÏάÏ- μÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ
μÏνο ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ³Ï, ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎνοÏ
-ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎÎ±Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, Ïο θεÏÏÏ Î±Î½Î¿Î·Ïία.</p>
+Îια ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏοÏείνοÏ
ν αÏ
ÏÏ, ÏÏ Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ
αξίÏμα—ο ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎÎ±Ï ÏοÏ
+ÏÏογÏάμμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏημανÏικÏÏεÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏÏ
εÏάϗμÏοÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ Î¼Ïνο ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ³Ï,
+ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÎµÎºÏιμÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎÎ±Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ,
Ïο θεÏÏÏ Î±Î½Î¿Î·Ïία.</p>
<p>
Îλλά ÏÏ
νήθÏÏ Î¿Î¹ άνθÏÏÏοι, ÏείνοÏ
ν να ÎÏοÏ
ν
κάÏοια ÏÏ
μÏάθεια για ÏοÏ
Ï
@@ -166,7 +160,7 @@
ÎÎ½Î±Ï Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η ÏÏαβηγμÎνη αναλογία με
Ïα Ï
λικά αγαθά. ÎÏαν μαγειÏεÏÏ
μακαÏÏνια, ÏÏάγμαÏι ενίÏÏαμαι εάν κάÏοιοÏ
Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï Ïα Ïάει, διÏÏι ÏÏÏε δε μÏοÏÏ
να Ïα ÏÎ¬Ï ÎµÎ³Ï. Î ÏÏάξη ÏοÏ
με ζημιÏνει, ÏÏο
κάνει ÎºÎ±Î»Ï Ïε αÏ
ÏÏν, μÏνο ÎναÏ
-μÏοÏεί να Ïάει Ïη μακαÏονάδα, Ïο εÏÏÏημα
λοιÏÏν είναι, ÏοιÏÏ ; ΠμικÏÏÏεÏα
+μÏοÏεί να Ïάει Ïη μακαÏονάδα, Ïο εÏÏÏημα
λοιÏÏν είναι, ÏοιÏÏ; ΠμικÏÏÏεÏα
διαÏοÏά μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ αÏκεÏή για να
αναÏÏÎÏει Ïην ηθική ιÏοÏÏοÏία.</p>
<p>
@@ -187,7 +181,7 @@
Î.Î .Î. γÏαÏÏÏαν. Îια αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ΣÏνÏαγμα ÏÏν Î.Î
.Î. αÏλÏÏ <em>εÏιÏÏÎÏει</em>
Îνα ÏÏÏÏημα δικαιÏμάÏÏν δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν δεν
<em>ÏÏοÏÏοθÎÏει</em> Îνα, για αÏ
ÏÏ
λÎει ÏÏÏ Ïα δικαιÏμαÏα δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν είναι
ÏÏοÏÏÏινά. ÎÏίÏÎ·Ï Î´Î·Î»Ïνει ÏÏÏ Î¿
-ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ, είναι
να ÏÏοάγει Ïην ÏÏÏοδο, ÏÏι να
+ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ, είναι
να ÏÏοάγει Ïην ÏÏÏοδο—ÏÏι να
ανÏαμείÏει ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
γγÏαÏείÏ. Τα δικαιÏμαÏα
δημιοÏ
ÏγÏν εν ÏÎλει ανÏαμείβοÏ
ν
ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
γγÏαÏείÏ, ÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÏ ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο
αλλά αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε ÏÏ ÏκοÏÏ Î½Î± αλλάξει
Ïην ÏÏ
μÏεÏιÏοÏά ÏοÏ
Ï.</p>
@@ -219,7 +213,7 @@
<p>
Îι άνθÏÏÏοι εÏκολα δÎÏονÏαι αÏ
Ïήν Ïην Ï
ÏÏθεÏη διÏÏι ÏÏ
μÏÏνεί με ÏιÏ
εμÏειÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î¼Î±Ï Î¼Îµ Ïα Ï
λικά αγαθά. ΣκεÏÏείÏε
Îνα ÏάνÏοÏ
ιÏÏ, για
-ÏαÏάδειγμα. ÎÏοÏεί να βÏείÏε Îνα ιÏοδÏναμο
ÏάνÏοÏ
ιÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε δÏÏεάν, είÏε
+ÏαÏάδειγμα. ÎÏοÏεί να βÏείÏε Îνα ιÏοδÏναμο
ÏάνÏοÏ
ιÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε δÏÏεάν, είÏε
ÏληÏÏνονÏαÏ. Σε αÏ
Ïήν Ïην ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, Ïο
ÏοÏÏ ÏοÏ
θα ÏληÏÏÏεÏε, είναι η
μοναδική διαÏοÏά. ÎίÏε θα Ïο αγοÏάÏεÏε,
είÏε ÏÏι, Ïο ÏάνÏοÏ
ιÏÏ ÎÏει Ïην ίδια
γεÏÏη, Ïην ίδια διαÏÏοÏική αξία και Ïε κάθε
ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη Ïο ÏÏÏÏε μία ÏοÏά. Îάν
@@ -228,22 +222,22 @@
<p>
ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ αληθÎÏ Î¼Îµ οÏοιοδήÏοÏε ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï Ï
Î»Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î±Î³Î±Î¸Î¿Ï, είÏε ÎÏει ή ÏÏι,
-ιδιοκÏήÏη δεν εÏηÏÏεάζει Ïο <em>Ïί</em> είναι,
ή Ïο Ïί θα Ïο κάνεÏε αÏÎ¿Ï Ïο
+ιδιοκÏήÏη δεν εÏηÏεάζει Ïο Ïι <em>είναι</em>, ή
Ïο Ïί θα Ïο κάνεÏε αÏÎ¿Ï Ïο
αÏοκÏήÏεÏε.</p>
<p>
-Îλλά εάν Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, ÎÏει ιδιοκÏήÏη, αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÏηÏεάζει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο Ïί είναι,
-και Ïο Ïί μÏοÏείÏε να Ïο κάνεÏε, εάν
αÏοκÏήÏεÏε Îνα. ΠδιαÏοÏά δεν είναι
+Îλλά εάν Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, ÎÏει ιδιοκÏήÏη, αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÏηÏεάζει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο Ïι είναι,
+και Ïο Ïι μÏοÏείÏε να Ïο κάνεÏε, εάν
αÏοκÏήÏεÏε Îνα. ΠδιαÏοÏά δεν είναι
μÏνο θÎμα ÏÏημάÏÏν. Το ÏÏÏÏημα ÏÏν
ιδιοκÏηÏÏν λογιÏμικοÏ, ενθαÏÏÏνει ÏοÏ
Ï
-ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏαÏάγοÏ
ν
κάÏι, αλλά ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
η κοινÏνία
-ÏÏειάζεÏαι. Îαι αÏ
ÏÏ ÏÏοκαλεί μιαν
αÏÏαÏη ηθική ÏÏÏανÏη, ÏοÏ
μαÏ
-εÏηÏεάζει ÏλοÏ
Ï.</p></li>
+ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÏαÏάγοÏ
ν
κάÏι—αλλά ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
η
+κοινÏνία ÏÏειάζεÏαι ÏÏαγμαÏικά. Îαι αÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏοκαλεί μιαν αÏÏαÏη ηθική
+ÏÏÏανÏη, ÏοÏ
Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÏηÏεάζει ÏλοÏ
Ï.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>
Τί ÏÏειάζεÏαι η κοινÏνία ; ΧÏειάζεÏαι
ÏληÏοÏοÏία η οÏοία να είναι ÏÏάγμαÏι
-διαθÎÏιμη ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏολίÏÎµÏ Î±Ï
ÏήÏ, για
ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα Ïα οÏοία οι
+διαθÎÏιμη ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏολίÏÎµÏ Î±Ï
Ïήϗγια
ÏαÏάδειγμα, ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα Ïα οÏοία οι
άνθÏÏÏοι θα μÏοÏοÏν να διαβάζοÏ
ν,
εÏιδιοÏθÏνοÏ
ν, ÏÏοÏαÏμÏζοÏ
ν και
βελÏιÏνοÏ
ν, ÏÏι αÏλÏÏ Î½Î± Ïα λειÏοÏ
ÏγοÏν.
Îλλά ÏÏ
νήθÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
ν οι
ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ, είναι κάÏι ÏοÏ
δεν
μÏοÏοÏμε να μελεÏήÏοÏ
με ή
@@ -260,75 +254,77 @@
αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ 'ÏειÏαÏεία', μολÏνοÏ
ν Ïο ÏνεÏμα
ÏÏν ÏολιÏÏν ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÎ½Î¯Î±Ï Î¼Î±Ï.</p>
<p>
-Îια αÏ
ÏÏ Î»Îμε ÏÏÏ Ïο <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÎλεÏθεÏο
-ÎογιÏμικÏ</a> είναι θÎμα ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ, ÏÏι
ÏιμήÏ.</p>
+Îι αÏ
ÏÏ Î»Îμε ÏÏÏ Ïο <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ελεÏθεÏο
+λογιÏμικÏ</a> είναι θÎμα ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ, ÏÏι
ÏιμήÏ.</p>
<p>
Το Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÏιÏείÏημα για ÏοÏ
Ï
ιδιοκÏήÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ λάθοÏ,
αλλά Ïο Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¸Îμα είναι ÏÏαγμαÏικÏ.
ÎάÏοιοι άνθÏÏÏοι, γÏάÏοÏ
ν ÏÏήÏιμα
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα για Ïην ÏαÏά ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎ®Ï Î®
για Ïον θαÏ
μαÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην αγάÏη,
αλλά εάν θÎλοÏ
με ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο λογιÏμικÏ
αÏÏ ÏÏο γÏάÏοÏ
ν αÏ
Ïοί οι άνθÏÏÏοι,
-ÏÏÎÏει να εγείÏÏμε ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï.</p>
+ÏÏÎÏει να ÏÏ
γκενÏÏÏÏοÏ
με κεÏάλαια.</p>
<p>
-Îια δÎκα ÏÏÏνια ÏÏÏα, οι ÏÏ
γγÏαÏείÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, δοκίμαÏαν διάÏοÏεÏ
-μεθÏδοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏε να βÏοÏ
ν ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï, με κάÏοια
εÏιÏÏ
Ïία. Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει ανάγκη να
-γίνει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏλοÏÏιοÏ, η μÎÏη οικογÎνεια
ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î.Î .Î. ÎÏει ειÏÏδημα ÏεÏί ÏιÏ
-35 ÏÎ¹Î»Î¹Î¬Î´ÎµÏ Î´Î¿Î»Î»Î¬Ïια Î.Î .Î. Ïο οÏοίο
ειÏÏδημα είναι αÏκεÏά θελκÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î³Î¹Î±
-ÏολλÎÏ ÎµÏγαÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î»Î¹Î³ÏÏεÏο ικανοÏοιηÏικÎÏ
αÏÏ Ïην ÏÏ
γγÏαÏή ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν.</p>
+ÎÏÏ Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
1980, οι ÏÏ
γγÏαÏείÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´Î¿ÎºÎ¯Î¼Î±Ïαν
+διάÏοÏÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÎ¸ÏδοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏε να βÏοÏ
ν ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï, με
κάÏοια εÏιÏÏ
Ïία. Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει
+ανάγκη να γίνει κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÏλοÏÏιοÏ· Îνα ÏÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ¹ÏÏδημα είναι αÏκεÏά θελκÏικÏ
+για ÏολλÎÏ ÎµÏγαÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏοÏ
είναι λιγÏÏεÏο
ικανοÏοιηÏικÎÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïη ÏÏ
γγÏαÏή
+ÏÏογÏαμμάÏÏν.</p>
<p>
-Îια ÏÏÏνια, μÎÏÏι ÏοÏ
μια ÏÏ
μμαÏία Ïο
καÏÎÏÏηÏε μη αναγκαίο, Îβγαζα Ïα ÏÏοÏ
-Ïο ζην κάνονÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Ïά ÏαÏαγγελίαν
βελÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ïε ÎλεÏθεÏο ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
είÏα
-γÏάÏει. Îάθε βελÏίÏÏη, ÏÏοÏθÎÏονÏαν
ÏÏην κανονική ÎκδοÏη και Ïελικά
-καÏÎληγε να είναι διαθÎÏιμη ÏÏο εÏ
ÏÏ
κοινÏ. Îι ÏελάÏÎµÏ Î¼Îµ ÏλήÏÏναν να
+Îια ÏÏÏνια, ÎÏÏ ÏÏοÏ
μια Ï
ÏηγεÏία Ïο
καÏÎÏÏηÏε μη αναγκαίο, Îβγαζα Ïα ÏÏοÏ
+Ïο ζην κάνονÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Ïά ÏαÏαγγελία
βελÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
είÏα
+γÏάÏει. Îάθε βελÏίÏÏη ÏÏοÏθÎÏονÏαν ÏÏην
κανονική δημοÏιοÏοιημÎνη ÎκδοÏη και
+Ïελικά καÏÎληγε να είναι διαθÎÏιμη ÏÏο εÏ
ÏÏ ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½Ï. Îι ÏελάÏÎµÏ Î¼Îµ ÏλήÏÏναν να
εÏγαÏÏÏ ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ήθελαν, ÏαÏά
ÏÏα ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά Ïα οÏοία Ïε άλλη
-ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη, θα θεÏÏοÏÏα Ï
ÏηλήÏ
ÏÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏαÏ.</p>
+ÏεÏίÏÏÏÏη θα θεÏÏοÏÏα Ï
ÏηλήÏ
ÏÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏαÏ.</p>
<p>
ÎεÏικοί ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎµÎ¯Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ,
βγάζοÏ
ν ÏÏήμαÏα με Ïο να ÏÏλοÏν
-Ï
ÏηÏεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Ï
ÏοÏÏήÏιξηÏ. Î Cygnus Support, με
ÏεÏίÏοÏ
50 Ï
ÏαλλήλοÏ
Ï
-[ÏÏαν γÏαÏÏÏαν αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο], Ï
Ïολογίζει
ÏÏÏ ÏεÏίÏοÏ
Ïο 15 ÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÎµÎºÎ±ÏÏ ÏηÏ
-εÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏηÏ, είναι ανάÏÏÏ
ξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, Îνα
-ÏεβαÏÏÏ ÏοÏοÏÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± μια εÏαιÏεία
λογιÏμικοÏ.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÎÏαιÏείεÏ, <span style="font-family: serif;">ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλαμβανομÎνÏν</span>
-ÏÏν Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments και Analog Devices ÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏÏεί
-να ÏÏημαÏοδοÏήÏοÏ
ν Ïην ÏÏ
νεÏιζÏμενη
ανάÏÏÏ
ξη ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
GNU μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή
-για Ïην γλÏÏÏα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï C. Îν ÏÏ
μεÏαξÏ, ο GNU μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην
-γλÏÏÏα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ada,
ÏÏημαÏοδοÏείÏαι αÏÏ Ïην ÎεÏοÏοÏία ÏÏν Î.Î
.Î., η
-οÏοία ÏιÏÏεÏει ÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ο ÏλÎον
αÏοδοÏικÏÏ Î¿Î¹ÎºÎ¿Î½Î¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÎ¬ ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î½Î± ÎÏει
-Îναν Ï
ÏÎ·Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή. [Î
ÏÏημαÏοδÏÏηÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎεÏοÏοÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏν
-Î.Î .Î. ÎÏει ÏÏαμαÏήÏει ÎµÎ´Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ κάÏοιο καιÏÏ,
ο GNU Ada ÎεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏÎ®Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
-ÏÏÏα Ïε Ï
ÏηÏεÏία και η ÏÏ
νÏήÏηÏή ÏοÏ
,
ÏÏημαÏοδοÏείÏαι εμÏοÏικά.]</p>
-
-<p>
-Îλα αÏ
Ïά Ïα ÏαÏαδείγμαÏα, είναι μικÏά, Ïο
κίνημα ÏοÏ
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ
-είναι ακÏμα μικÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ακÏμη νεαÏÏ. Îλλά Ïο
ÏαÏάδειγμα ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏιζÏμενοÏ
-αÏÏ Î±ÎºÏοαÏÎÏ ÏαδιοÏÏνοÏ
(ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î.Î .Î.)
δείÏνει ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ÏιθανÏν να
-Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏιÏθεί μια μεγάλη δÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏα,
ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± αναγκάζεÏαι ο καθÎναÏ
-ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± Ïην ÏληÏÏÏει.</p>
+Ï
ÏηÏεÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Ï
ÏοÏÏήÏιξηÏ. Το 1994, η Cygnus Support, με
ÏεÏίÏοÏ
50 Ï
ÏαλλήλοÏ
Ï,
+Ï
ÏολÏγιÏε ÏÏÏ ÏεÏίÏοÏ
Ïο 15 ÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÎµÎºÎ±ÏÏ ÏηÏ
εÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î®Ïαν
+η ανάÏÏÏ
ξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοϗÎνα
ÏεβαÏÏÏ ÏοÏοÏÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± μια εÏαιÏεία
+λογιÏμικοÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ΣÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏÎÏ ÏÎ·Ï Î´ÎµÎºÎ±ÎµÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
1990, εÏαιÏείεÏ
ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλαμβανομÎνÏν ÏÏν Intel,
+Motorola, Texas Instruments και Analog Devices ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏÏηκαν
για να
+ÏÏημαÏοδοÏήÏοÏ
ν Ïη ÏÏ
νεÏιζÏμενη ανάÏÏÏ
ξη
ÏοÏ
GNU C μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή. Το
+μεγαλÏÏεÏο μÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ
Î¾Î·Ï ÏοÏ
GCC
γίνεÏαι ακÏμη αÏÏ ÏληÏÏμÎνοÏ
Ï
+ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ. Î GNU μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î³Î¹Î±
Ïη γλÏÏÏα ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Ada,
+ÏÏημαÏοδοÏήθηκε Ïη δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
1990 αÏÏ Ïην
ÎεÏοÏοÏία ÏÏν Î.Î .Î., και
+ÏÏ
νεÏίζεÏαι αÏÏ ÏÏÏε αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± εÏαιÏεία ÏοÏ
δημιοÏ
Ïγήθηκε ειδικά για Ïο ÏκοÏÏ
+αÏ
ÏÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Το κίνημα ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
ακÏμα μικÏÏ, αλλά Ïο ÏαÏάδειγμα ÏοÏ
+Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏιζÏμενοÏ
αÏÏ Î±ÎºÏοαÏÎÏ ÏαδιοÏÏνοÏ
ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î.Î .ΠδείÏνει ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ δÏ
ναÏή
+η Ï
ÏοÏÏήÏιξη Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î·Ï Î´ÏαÏÏηÏιÏÏηÏαÏ,
ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± εξαναγκάζεÏαι ο κάθε
+ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Î½Î± ÏληÏÏνει.</p>
<p>
Î©Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎ·Ï Ï
ÏολογιÏÏή ÏήμεÏα, μÏοÏεί να
βÏείÏε Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί
-Îνα <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">ιδιÏκÏηÏο</a>
+Îνα <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">ιδιÏκÏηÏο</a>
ÏÏÏγÏαμμα. Îάν οι Ïίλοι ÏαÏ, ÏÎ±Ï Î¶Î·ÏήÏοÏ
ν
Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο, θα ήÏαν Î»Î¬Î¸Î¿Ï Î½Î±
αÏνηθείÏε. Î ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏία είναι
ÏημανÏικÏÏεÏη ÏÏν δικαιÏμάÏÏν δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ.
Îλλά
η κÏÏ
Ïή, Ï
ÏÏγεια ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏία, δεν κάνει για
μια καλή κοινÏνία. ΠάνθÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¸Î±
ÏÏÎÏει να Ïιλοδοξεί για μια ÏÏÏÏή ζÏή,
ανοιÏÏή με Ï
ÏεÏηÏάνεια και αÏ
ÏÏ
-Ïημαίνει ÎÏι ÏÏο ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏμικÏ.</p>
+Ïημαίνει ÏÏι ÏÏο ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏμικÏ.</p>
<p>
-ÎξίζεÏε Ïο να μÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏ
νεÏγάζεÏθε
ανοιÏÏά και ελεÏθεÏα με άλλοÏ
Ï
+ÎξίζεÏε Ïο να μÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏ
νεÏγάζεÏÏε
ανοιÏÏά και ελεÏθεÏα με άλλοÏ
Ï
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν λογιÏμικÏ.
ÎξίζεÏε να μάθεÏε ÏÏÏ Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏοÏ
Ïγεί Ïο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να διδάξεÏε ÏοÏ
Ï Î¼Î±Î¸Î·ÏÎÏ ÏαÏ
με αÏ
ÏÏ. ÎξίζεÏε να μÏοÏείÏε να
ÏÏοÏλάβεÏε ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î³Î±ÏημÎνοÏ
Ï ÏαÏ
ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î½Î± Ïο ÏÏιάξοÏ
ν, ÏÏαν αÏ
ÏÏ
ÏαλάÏει.</p>
<p>
-ÎξίζεÏε Ïο ÎλεÏθεÏο ÎογιÏμικÏ.</p>
+ÎξίζεÏε ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ.</p>
+
+<h3>Î¥ÏοÏημειÏÏειÏ</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="footnote1">Îι καÏηγοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ Î±ÏοÏÏÏθηκαν ÏÏη ÏÏ
νÎÏεια.</li>
+</ol>
<hr />
<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">ÎÏ
ÏÏ Ïο δοκίμιο
δημοÏιεÏεÏαι ÏÏην <a
@@ -368,9 +364,14 @@
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
-Îια ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏμÏ
και Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν αÏ
ÏοÏ
-ÏοÏ
άÏθÏοÏ
, ÏαÏακαλοÏμε δείÏε Ïο <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
README</a>.</p>
+ÎÏγαζÏμαÏÏε ÏκληÏά και κάνοÏ
με Ï,Ïι
καλÏÏεÏο μÏοÏοÏμε για να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
με
+ακÏιβείÏ, ÎºÎ±Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏαÏÏάÏειÏ.
ΩÏÏÏÏο, δεν εξαιÏοÏμαÏÏε αÏÏ
+αÏÎλειεÏ. ΠαÏακαλοÏμε, ÏÏείλÏε Ïα ÏÏÏλιά
ÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏαÏαÏηÏήÏειÏ
+ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏεÏικά με αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p><p>Îια
+ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹
Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν ÏÏν
+ιÏÏοÏελίδÏν μαÏ, δείÏε Ïο <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎ</a>.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -389,24 +390,28 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1994 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα © 1994, 2009 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>ÎÏ
Ïή η Ïελίδα διαÏίθεÏαι Ï
ÏÏ Ïην άδεια: <a
rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.el">Creative
-Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 ÎνÏμÎÎ½ÎµÏ Î Î¿Î»Î¹ÏείεÏ</a>.</p>
+Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 Îδεια ÎνÏμÎνÏν
+ΠολιÏειÏν</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.el.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-<strong>ÎεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong> <a
-href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/alekos">Alekos Kanakopoulos</a> <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a></div>
+<p><strong>ÎÏÏική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong> <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/alekos">Alekos Kanakopoulos</a> (2008)
+<br/>ΣÏ
νÏήÏηÏη / εÏικαιÏοÏοίηÏη: <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/gzarkadas">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î.
ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a>
+(2010, 2015, 2016)
+</p></div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2014/11/20 18:09:04 $
+$Date: 2016/05/07 20:58:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po 7 May 2016 20:41:05 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.el.po 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.2
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
msgid "Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism"
msgstr "Copyleft: Î ÏαγμαÏιÏÏικÏÏ Î¹Î´ÎµÎ±Î»Î¹ÏμÏÏ"
-# type: Content of: <p>
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
@@ -392,7 +391,6 @@
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
@@ -407,7 +405,6 @@
"Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î¿ÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να
ÏÏαλοÏν ÏÏο <a href=\"mailto:"
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -458,7 +455,6 @@
"gnu.org/users/gzarkadas\">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î. ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a> (2016)\n"
"</p>"
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist 19 Jan 2016 07:08:39 -0000 1.13
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.14
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> [bg]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.ca.html">català </a> [ca]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="el" hreflang="el"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.el.html">ελληνικά</a> [el]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.es.html">español</a> [es]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fa.html">ÙارسÛ</a> [fa]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.bg.html" title="бÑлгаÑÑки" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.ca.html" title="català " />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.de.html" title="Deutsch" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="el" hreflang="el"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.el.html" title="ελληνικά" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="es" hreflang="es"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.es.html" title="español" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fa.html" title="ÙارسÛ" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/pragmatic.fr.html" title="français" />
Index: philosophy/po/why-free.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/why-free.el.po 7 May 2016 20:41:22 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.el.po 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.5
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2009-09-05 21:35+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.6.10\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.de.po 6 May 2016 11:30:52 -0000
1.41
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.de.po 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.42
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Webmasters <address@hidden>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-03 22:00+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jоегg Kоhпе <joeko (AT) online [PUNKT] de>\n"
"Language-Team: www-de <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Proprietary Back Doors - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -49,6 +50,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/"
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the nature of "
+"this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-"
"computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> Microsoft has "
"already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.fr.po 3 May 2016 18:58:11 -0000
1.33
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.fr.po 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.34
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-03 20:57+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.5\n"
@@ -53,6 +54,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/"
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the nature of "
+"this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-"
"computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> Microsoft has "
"already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po 3 May 2016 18:00:13 -0000
1.44
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.it.po 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.45
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-01-31 11:15+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Andrea Pescetti <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Italian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -69,6 +69,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/"
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the nature of "
+"this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-"
"computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> Microsoft has "
"already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ja.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ja.po,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ja.po 3 May 2016 18:00:13 -0000
1.38
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ja.po 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.39
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-29 15:24+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: NIIBE Yutaka <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/"
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the nature of "
+"this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-"
"computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> Microsoft has "
"already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.pot 3 May 2016 18:00:13 -0000
1.19
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.pot 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.20
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
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"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a "
+"href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the
"
+"nature of this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a "
"href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\">
"
"Microsoft has already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ru.po 4 May 2016 07:02:05 -0000
1.50
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-back-doors.ru.po 7 May 2016 20:58:50 -0000
1.51
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: proprietary-back-doors.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-03 17:55+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-05-07 20:55+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-05-04 17:34+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
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#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Proprietary Back Doors - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -50,6 +51,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
msgid ""
+"More about <a href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/"
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\">the nature of "
+"this problem</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
"<a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-a-windows-"
"computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> Microsoft has "
"already backdoored its disk encryption</a>."
Index: philosophy/pragmatic.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/pragmatic.el.html
diff -N philosophy/pragmatic.el.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/pragmatic.el.html 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/pragmatic.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.el.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Copyleft: Î ÏαγμαÏιÏÏικÏÏ Î¹Î´ÎµÎ±Î»Î¹ÏμÏÏ - ÎÏγο
GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<h2>Copyleft: Î ÏαγμαÏιÏÏικÏÏ Î¹Î´ÎµÎ±Î»Î¹ÏμÏÏ</h2>
+
+<p>
+αÏÏ Ïον <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏοιαδήÏοÏε αÏÏÏαÏη ÏαίÏνει Îνα άÏομο
Ïηγάζει αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î¾Î¯ÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï
+ÏοÏ
αÏÏμοÏ
αÏ
ÏοÏ. Îι άνθÏÏÏοι μÏοÏοÏν να
ÎÏοÏ
ν ÏολλοÏÏ Î´Î¹Î±ÏοÏεÏικοÏÏ
+ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ αξίεÏ: Ïήμη, αγάÏη, εÏιβίÏÏη,
διαÏκÎδαÏη, και ελεÏ
θεÏία είναι
+μεÏικοί αÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
Îνα καλÏ
άÏομο μÏοÏεί να ÎÏει. ÎÏαν ο ÏÏÏÏοÏ
+είναι θÎμα αÏÏÏν, Ïο αÏοκαλοÏμε αÏ
ÏÏ
ιδεαλιÏμÏ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Το ÎÏγο μοÏ
ÏÏο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Ï
ÏοκινείÏαι αÏÏ Îναν ιδεαλιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏο:
+Ïη διάδοÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏίαÏ. ÎÎÎ»Ï Î½Î± <a
+href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">ενθαÏÏÏÎ½Ï Ïο ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î½Î±
+διαδÏθεί</a>, ανÏικαθιÏÏÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο ιδιÏκÏηÏο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Ïο οÏοίο αÏαγοÏεÏει Ïη
+ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏία, κι ÎÏÏι να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï Ïην κοινÏνία
Î¼Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏεÏη.</p>
+<p>
+ÎÏ
ÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ ο βαÏικÏÏ Î»ÏÎ³Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïον οÏοίο η
GNU Îενική Îδεια ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏηÏ
+(GNU GPL) είναι γÏαμμÎνη με Ïον ÏÏÏÏο ÏοÏ
είναι—ÏÏ <a
+href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>. ÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î¿ κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏÏίθεÏαι Ïε Îνα
+καλÏ
ÏÏÏμενο αÏÏ Ïη GPL ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÏÎÏει να
είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ακÏμη
+και αν ÏοÏοθεÏηθεί Ïε Îνα ξεÏÏÏιÏÏÏ
αÏÏείο. ÎÎ¬Î½Ï Ïον κÏδικά μοÏ
διαθÎÏιμο
+για ÏÏήÏη Ïε ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, και ÏÏι Ïε
ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÏÏÏε να
+ενθαÏÏÏÎ½Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
γÏάÏοÏ
ν
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î½Î± Ïο κάνοÏ
ν εÏίÏηÏ
+ελεÏθεÏο. Î¥ÏÎ¿Î»Î¿Î³Î¯Î¶Ï ÏÏι αÏÏ Ïη ÏÏιγμή ÏοÏ
οι δημιοÏ
Ïγοί ιδιÏκÏηÏοÏ
+λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïα ÏνεÏ
μαÏικά
δικαιÏμαÏα για να Î¼Î±Ï ÏÏαμαÏήÏοÏ
ν αÏÏ
+Ïο να διαμοιÏαζÏμαÏÏε, ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏεÏ
μÏοÏοÏμε να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
με Ïα
+ÏνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα ÏÏÏε να δÏÏοÏ
με Ïε
άλλοÏ
Ï ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏÎµÏ Îνα ÏλεονÎκÏημα
+γι' αÏ
ÏοÏÏ: μÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν Ïον
κÏδικά μαÏ.</p>
+<p>
+Îεν ÎÏοÏ
ν Ïλοι ÏÏοι ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïη GNU GPL
αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏο. Πολλά ÏÏÏνια
+ÏÏιν, ζηÏήθηκε αÏÏ Îναν Ïίλο μοÏ
να
εÏαναδημοÏιεÏÏει Îνα copyleft ÏÏÏγÏαμμα
+κάÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Î¼Î·-copyleft ÏÏοÏ
Ï, και αÏάνÏηÏε λίγο ή
ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏÏ ÎµÎ¾Î®Ï: </p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“ÎεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ ÎµÏγάζομαι Ïε ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏμικÏ, και μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ
+εÏγάζομαι Ïε ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏμικϗαλλά
ÏÏαν εÏγάζομαι Ïε ιδιÏκÏηÏο
+λογιÏμικÏ, ÏεÏιμÎÎ½Ï Î½Î± <em>ÏληÏÏνομαι</em>.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÎÏαν αÏοÏαÏιÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï Î½Î± μοιÏαÏÏεί Ïο ÎÏγο
ÏοÏ
με μια κοινÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
+διαμοιÏάζεÏαι λογιÏμικÏ, αλλά δεν είδε
κανÎνα λÏγο να δÏÏει βοήθεια Ïε μια
+εÏιÏείÏηÏη ÏοÏ
Îκανε ÏÏοÏÏνÏα Ïα οÏοία θα
ήÏαν αÏαγοÏεÏ
μÎνα ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏά
+μαÏ. Î ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ήÏαν διαÏοÏεÏικÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïο
Î´Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, αλλά αÏοÏάÏιÏε ÏÏι η
+GNU GPL ήÏαν ÏÏήÏιμη για Ïο ÏÏÏÏο ÏοÏ
εÏίÏηÏ.
</p>
+<p>
+Îν θÎλεÏε να ÏÏαγμαÏοÏοιήÏεÏε κάÏι ÏÏον
κÏÏμο, ο ιδεαλιÏμÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ είναι
+αÏκεÏÏÏ—ÏÏÎÏει να διαλÎξεÏε μια μεθοδο
ÏοÏ
δοÏ
λεÏει για να ÏεÏÏÏεÏε Ïο
+ÏÏÏÏο. Îε άλλα λÏγια, ÏÏÎÏει να είÏÏε
“ÏÏαγμαÏιÏÏικοί.” Îίναι η
+GPL ÏÏαγμαÏιÏÏική; ÎÏ Î´Î¿Ïμε Ïα αÏοÏελÎÏμαÏά
ÏηÏ.</p>
+<p>
+ÎξεÏάÏÏε Ïη GNU C++. ÎιαÏί ÎÏοÏ
με Îναν
ελεÏθεÏο μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή C++; ÎÏνο
+διÏÏι η GNU GPL είÏε ÏÏι ÎÏÏεÏε να είναι
ελεÏθεÏοÏ. Î GNU C++ αναÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏαν
+αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± βιομηÏανική κοινοÏÏαξία, Ïο MCC,
αÏÏίζονÏÎ±Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïο μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή GNU
+C. Το MCC ÏÏ
νήθÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹ Ïο ÎÏγο ÏοÏ
ÏÏο Ïιο
ιδιÏκÏηÏο μÏοÏεί να γίνει.
+Îλλά Îκαναν Ïη C++ διεÏαÏή ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏμικÏ, εÏειδή η GNU GPL είÏε ÏÏι
+αÏ
ÏÏÏ Î®Ïαν ο μÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να Ïη
δημοÏιεÏÏοÏ
ν. Î C++ διεÏαÏή ÏεÏιλάμβανε
+Ïολλά νÎα αÏÏεία, αλλά αÏÏ Ïη ÏÏιγμή ÏοÏ
ÎÏÏεÏε να ÏÏ
νδεθοÏν με Ïο GCC, η
+GPL είÏε εÏαÏμογή Ïε αÏ
Ïά. Το ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην
κοινÏÏηÏά Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ εμÏανÎÏ. </p>
+<p>
+ÎξεÏάÏÏε Ïη GNU Objective C. Το NeXT ήθελε αÏÏικά να
κάνει αÏ
Ïή Ïη διεÏαÏή
+ιδιÏκÏηÏη· ÏÏÏÏειναν να Ïη δημοÏιεÏÏοÏ
ν
ÏÏ Î±ÏÏεία <samp>.o</samp>, και να
+αÏήνοÏ
ν ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î½Î± Ïα ÏÏ
νδÎοÏ
ν με Ïο Ï
ÏÏλοιÏο ÏοÏ
GCC, νομίζονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏÏ
+αÏ
ÏÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να ήÏαν ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î±ÏοÏÏ
γήÏ
ÏÏν αÏαιÏήÏεÏν ÏÎ·Ï GPL. Îλλά ο
+δικηγÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ¯Ïε ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ θα αÏÏÏεÏ
γε ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏαιÏήÏειÏ, ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½
+εÏιÏÏεÏÏÏαν. Îι ÎÏÏι Îκαναν Ïην Objective C
διεÏαÏή ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ.</p>
+<p>
+ÎÏ
Ïά Ïα ÏαÏαδείγμαÏα ÏÏ
νÎβηÏαν ÏÏÏνια
ÏÏιν, αλλά η GNU GPL ÏÏ
νεÏίζει να μαÏ
+ÏÎÏνει Ïιο ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ. </p>
+<p>
+ΠολλÎÏ GNU Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î»ÏÏÏονÏαι αÏÏ Ïην
GNU ÎλλάÏονα Îενική Îδεια
+ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏÎ·Ï (GNU LGPL), αλλά ÏÏι ÏλεÏ. Îια
GNU βιβλιοθήκη ÏοÏ
+καλÏÏÏεÏαι αÏÏ Ïην κανονική GNU GPL είναι η
Readline, η οÏοία Ï
λοÏοιεί
+εÏεξεÏγαÏία ÏÎ·Ï Î³ÏÎ±Î¼Î¼Î®Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÏαγÏν. ÎίÏα
βÏει μια ÏοÏά Îνα μη-ελεÏθεÏο
+ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏοÏ
είÏε ÏÏεδιαÏÏεί να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί Ïη Readline, και είÏα ÏÏο
+δημιοÏ
ÏÎ³Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ εÏιÏÏεÏÏÏαν. Îα
μÏοÏοÏÏε να είÏε αÏομακÏÏνει Ïο
+κομμάÏι ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÏεξεÏγαÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î³ÏαμμήÏ
διαÏαγÏν αÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα, αλλά αÏ
ÏÏ
+ÏοÏ
Ïελικά Îκανε ήÏαν να Ïο
εÏαναδημοÏιεÏÏει κάÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην GPL. ΤÏÏα είναι
+ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ. </p>
+<p>
+Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
γÏάÏοÏ
ν βελÏιÏÏειÏ
για Ïο GCC (ή Ïο Emacs, ή Ïο Bash,
+ή Ïο Linux, ή για οÏοιοδήÏοÏε καλÏ
ÏÏÏμενο αÏÏ
Ïη GPL ÏÏÏγÏαμμα) ÏÏ
Ïνά
+εÏγάζονÏαι για εÏιÏειÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® για
ÏανεÏιÏÏήμια. ÎÏαν ο ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏήÏ
+θÎλει να εÏιÏÏÏÎÏει ÏÎ¹Ï Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏα και να δει Ïον κÏδικά
+ÏοÏ
ÏÏην εÏÏμενη ÎκδοÏη, Ïο αÏενÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
μÏοÏεί να Ïεί, “Îια
+ÏÏάÏοÏ
—ο κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ¬Ï ÏοÏ
ανήκει Ïε εμάÏ! Îεν
θÎλοÏ
με να Ïον μοιÏαÏÏοÏμε·
+αÏοÏαÏίÏαμε να μεÏαÏÏÎÏοÏ
με Ïη βελÏιÏμÎνη
ÏοÏ
ÎκδοÏη Ïε Îνα ιδιÏκÏηÏο ÏÏοÏÏν
+λογιÏμικοÏ.”</p>
+<p>
+ÎÎ´Ï Î· GNU GPL ÎÏÏεÏαι ÏÏÎ¿Ï Î´Î¹Î¬ÏÏÏη. Î
ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î´ÎµÎ¯Ïνει ÏÏο αÏενÏικÏ
+ÏÏι αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏ
νιÏÏοÏÏε ÏαÏαβίαÏη ÏÏν ÏνεÏ
μαÏικÏν
+δικαιÏμάÏÏν, και Ïο αÏενÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏ
νειδηÏοÏοιεί ÏÏι ÎÏει μÏνο δÏο εÏιλογÎÏ: να
+δημοÏιεÏÏει Ïο νÎο κÏδικα ÏÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏο
λογιÏμικÏ, ή να μη Ïον δημοÏιεÏÏει
+καθÏλοÏ
. ΣÏεδÏν ÏάνÏα αÏήνει Ïον
ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏή να κάνει αÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
αÏÏικά
+ÏκÏÏεÏ
ε, και ο κÏÎ´Î¹ÎºÎ±Ï ÎµÎ¹ÏÎÏÏεÏαι ÏÏη νÎα
ÎκδοÏη.</p>
+<p>
+Î GNU GPL δεν είναι ο ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎαλÏÏ. ÎÎει ÏÏι Ïε
κάÏοια αÏÏ Ïα ÏÏάγμαÏα ÏοÏ
οι
+άνθÏÏÏοι θα ήθελαν μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Î½Î± κάνοÏ
ν. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
λÎνε ÏÏι
+αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ Îνα ÎºÎ±ÎºÏ ÏÏάγμα—ÏÏι η GPL
“αÏοκλείει” κάÏοιοÏ
Ï
+δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏ Î¹Î´Î¹ÏκÏηÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
“ÏÏÎÏει να ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÎÏοÏ
με ÏÏην
+κοινÏÏηÏα ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ.”</p>
+<p>
+Îλλά δεν ÏοÏ
Ï Î±ÏοκλείοÏ
με ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην
κοινÏÏηÏά μαÏ· αÏ
Ïοί εÏιλÎγοÏ
ν να
+μην ειÏÎλθοÏ
ν. ΠαÏÏÏαÏή ÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± κάνοÏ
ν Ïο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î¹Î´Î¹ÏκÏηÏο είναι μια
+αÏÏÏαÏη να μείνοÏ
ν ÎÎ¾Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην κοινÏÏηÏά
μαÏ. Το να είναι ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¼ÎÏα ÏÏην
+κοινÏÏηÏά Î¼Î±Ï Ïημαίνει να ενÏνεÏαι Ïε ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏία με εμάÏ· δεν μÏοÏοÏμε
+“να ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÎÏοÏ
με μÎÏα ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏά
μαϔ αν δεν θÎλοÏ
ν να
+ενÏθοÏν με αÏ
Ïήν. </p>
+<p>
+ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÏοÏ
μÏοÏοÏμε να <em>κάνοÏ
με</em> είναι να
ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏοÏÎÏοÏ
με μια
+ÏαÏακίνηÏη να ενÏθοÏν. Î GNU GPL ÎÏει
ÏÏεδιαÏÏεί ÏÏÏε να κάνει μια
+ÏαÏακίνηÏη αÏÏ Ïο Ï
ÏάÏÏον Î´Î¹ÎºÏ Î¼Î±Ï
λογιÏμικÏ: “Îν ÎºÎ¬Î½ÎµÎ¹Ï Ïο λογιÏμικÏ
+ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏο, μÏοÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏειÏ
αÏ
ÏÏ Ïον κÏδικα.” ΦÏ
Ïικά, δεν
+θα ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎµÏδίÏει ÏλοÏ
Ï, αλλά κεÏδίζει
μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ.</p>
+<p>
+ΠανάÏÏÏ
ξη ιδιÏκÏηÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î´Îµ ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏει ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏά μαÏ, αλλά οι
+δημιοÏ
Ïγοί ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
Ïνά θÎλοÏ
ν δÏÏεÎÏ Î±ÏÏ
εμάÏ. Îι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
+λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏοÏ
Ï
δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ
+αμοιβÎÏ Î³Î¹Î± Ïο εγϗαναγνÏÏιÏη και εÏ
ÏαÏιÏÏίεϗαλλά μÏοÏεί να
+είναι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î´ÎµÎ»ÎµÎ±ÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏαν μια εÏιÏείÏηÏη
ÏÎ±Ï Î»Îει, “ÎÏλά άÏηÏÎ Î¼Î±Ï Î½Î±
+βάλοÏ
με Ïο ÏακÎÏο ÏοÏ
ÏÏο ιδιÏκÏηÏο
ÏÏÏγÏαμμά Î¼Î±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμά ÏοÏ
θα
+ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιείÏαι αÏÏ ÏολλÎÏ ÏιλιάδεÏ
ανθÏÏÏÏν!” Î ÏειÏαÏμÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏεί να
+είναι ÏανίÏÏÏ
ÏοÏ, αλλά μακÏοÏÏÏθεÏμα
είμαÏÏε Ïλοι καλÏÏεÏα αν ανÏιÏÏαθοÏμε
+Ïε αÏ
ÏÏν.</p>
+<p>
+Î ÏειÏαÏμÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ η ÏίεÏη είναι δÏ
ÏκολÏÏεÏα
να αναγνÏÏιÏÏοÏν ÏÏαν ÏÏοÎÏÏονÏαι
+ÎμμεÏα, μÎÏÏ Î¿ÏγανιÏμÏν ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÎÏοÏ
ν Ï
ιοθεÏήÏει μια
+ÏολιÏική ÏοÏ
ÏÏοÏοδοÏεί Ïο ιδιÏκÏηÏο
λογιÏμικÏ. ΠκοινοÏÏαξία X (και ο
+διάδοÏÏÏ ÏηÏ, Ïο Open Group) ÏαÏÎÏει Îνα
ÏαÏάδειγμα: ιδÏÏ
μÎνη αÏÏ ÎµÏαιÏείεÏ
+ÏοÏ
ÏαÏάγοÏ
ν ιδιÏκÏηÏο λογιÏμικÏ,
ÏÏοÏÏάθηÏαν για μια δεκαεÏία να ÏείÏοÏ
ν
+ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î½Î± μη ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν
Ïο copyleft. ÎÏαν Ïο Open Group
+ÏÏοÏÏάθηÏε να <a href="/philosophy/x.html">κάνει Ïο X11R6.4
μη-ελεÏθεÏο
+λογιÏμικÏ</a>, εκείνοι αÏÏ ÎµÎ¼Î¬Ï ÏοÏ
είÏαν
ανÏιÏÏαθεί ÏÏην ÏίεÏη είμαÏÏαν
+ÏαÏοÏμενοι ÏοÏ
Ïο κάναμε.</p>
+<p>
+Το ΣεÏÏÎμβÏη ÏοÏ
1998, αÏκεÏοÏÏ Î¼Î®Î½ÎµÏ Î¼ÎµÏά Ïη
δημοÏίεÏ
Ïη ÏοÏ
X11R6.4 με
+μη-ελεÏθεÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï, Ïο Open Group
ανÏÎÏÏÏεÏε Ïην αÏÏÏαÏή ÏοÏ
και
+Ïο εÏαναδημοÏίεÏ
Ïε κάÏÏ Î±ÏÏ Ïην ίδια μη
copyleft άδεια ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏε
+για Ïο X11R6.3. Σε εÏ
ÏαÏιÏÏοÏμε Open Group—αλλά
αÏ
Ïή η μεÏαγενÎÏÏεÏη
+αναÏÏÏοÏή δεν ακÏ
ÏÏνει Ïα ÏÏ
μÏεÏάÏμαÏα ÏοÏ
ανÏλήÏαμε αÏÏ Ïο γεγονÏÏ ÏÏι η
+ÏÏοÏθήκη ÏÏν ÏεÏιοÏιÏμÏν ήÏαν <em>δÏ
ναÏή</em>.</p>
+<p>
+ÎιλÏνÏÎ±Ï ÏÏαγμαÏιÏÏικά, η ÏκÎÏη ÏÏεÏικά με
ÏοÏ
Ï Î¼ÎµÎ³Î±Î»ÏÏεÏοÏ
Ï Î¼Î±ÎºÏοÏÏÏθεÏμοÏ
Ï
+ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î¸Î± δÏ
ναμÏÏει Ïη θÎληÏή ÏÎ±Ï Î½Î±
ανÏιÏÏαθείÏε Ïε αÏ
Ïή Ïην ÏίεÏη. Îάν
+εÏÏιάÏεÏε Ïο μÏ
Î±Î»Ï ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏην ελεÏ
θεÏία και
ÏÏην κοινÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
μÏοÏείÏε να
+ÏÏίÏεÏε με Ïο να μείνεÏε ÏÏαθεÏοί, θα
βÏείÏε Ïη δÏναμη να Ïο κάνεÏε.
+“ΣÏαθείÏε για κάÏι, ή θα ÏÎÏεÏε για
ο,ÏιδήÏοÏε.”</p>
+<p>
+Îαι αν οι κÏ
νικοί γελοιοÏοιοÏν Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία, γελοιοÏοιοÏν Ïην
+κοινÏÏηÏα…αν “ÏκληÏοί ÏεαλιÏÏÎÏ”
λÎνε ÏÏι Ïο κÎÏÎ´Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹
+Ïο μÏνο ιδανικυαÏλά αγνοήÏÏε ÏοÏ
Ï, και
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÏε Ïο copyleft
+ÏÏÏÏ ÏάνÏα.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">ÎÏ
ÏÏ Ïο δοκίμιο
δημοÏιεÏεÏαι ÏÏην <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>ÎλεÏθεÏο
+ÎογιÏμικÏ, ÎλεÏθεÏη ÎοινÏνία: Tα
ÎÏιλεγμÎνα Îοκίμια ÏοÏ
Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.el.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ΠαÏακαλοÏμε ÏÏείλÏε εÏÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïα ÎÎÎ
& GNU ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν
εÏίÏÎ·Ï <a
+href="/contact/">άλλοι ÏÏÏÏοι για να
εÏικοινÏνήÏεÏε</a> με Ïο ÎÎÎ. ÎνενεÏγοί
+ÏÏνδεÏμοι και Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î¿ÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î®
ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να ÏÏαλοÏν ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÎÏγαζÏμαÏÏε ÏκληÏά και κάνοÏ
με Ï,Ïι
καλÏÏεÏο μÏοÏοÏμε για να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
με
+ακÏιβείÏ, ÎºÎ±Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î¼ÎµÏαÏÏάÏειÏ.
ΩÏÏÏÏο, δεν εξαιÏοÏμαÏÏε αÏÏ
+αÏÎλειεÏ. ΠαÏακαλοÏμε, ÏÏείλÏε Ïα ÏÏÏλιά
ÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î³ÎµÎ½Î¹ÎºÎÏ ÏαÏαÏηÏήÏειÏ
+ÏÎ±Ï ÏÏεÏικά με αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο θÎμα ÏÏο <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p><p>Îια
+ÏληÏοÏοÏÎ¯ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹
Ïην Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν ÏÏν
+ιÏÏοÏελίδÏν μαÏ, δείÏε Ïο <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎ</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα © 1998, 2003 ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>ÎÏ
Ïή η Ïελίδα διαÏίθεÏαι Ï
ÏÏ Ïην άδεια: <a
rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.el">Creative
+Commons ÎναÏοÏά ÎημιοÏ
ÏγοÏ-ÎÏι ΠαÏάγÏγα ÎÏγα
3.0 Îδεια ÎνÏμÎνÏν
+ΠολιÏειÏν</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.el.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<p><strong>ÎÏÏική μεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά:</strong> <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/users/gzarkadas">ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï Î.
ÎαÏκάδαÏ</a>
+(2016)
+</p></div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
+
+$Date: 2016/05/07 20:58:49 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/pragmatic.el-en.html 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/pragmatic.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Every decision a person makes stems from the person's values and
+goals. People can have many different goals and values; fame, profit,
+love, survival, fun, and freedom, are just some of the goals that a
+good person might have. When the goal is a matter of principle, we
+call that idealism.</p>
+
+<p>
+My work on free software is motivated by an idealistic goal: spreading
+freedom and cooperation. I want
+to <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">encourage free software to
+spread</a>, replacing proprietary software that forbids cooperation,
+and thus make our society better.</p>
+<p>
+That's the basic reason why the GNU General Public License is written
+the way it is—as a <a href="/copyleft"> copyleft</a>.
+All code added to a GPL-covered program
+must be free software, even if it is put in a separate file. I make
+my code available for use in free software, and not for use in
+proprietary software, in order to encourage other people who write
+software to make it free as well. I figure that since proprietary
+software developers use copyright to stop us from sharing, we
+cooperators can use copyright to give other cooperators an advantage
+of their own: they can use our code.</p>
+<p>
+Not everyone who uses the GNU GPL has this goal. Many years ago, a
+friend of mine was asked to rerelease a copylefted program under
+noncopyleft terms, and he responded more or less like this:</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“Sometimes I work on free software, and
+sometimes I work on proprietary software—but when I work on
+proprietary software, I expect to get <em>paid</em>.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+He was willing to share his work with a community that shares
+software, but saw no reason to give a handout to a business making
+products that would be off-limits to our community. His goal was
+different from mine, but he decided that the GNU GPL was useful for
+his goal too.</p>
+<p>
+If you want to accomplish something in the world, idealism is not
+enough—you need to choose a method that works to achieve the
+goal. In other words, you need to be “pragmatic.” Is the
+GPL pragmatic? Let's look at its results.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU C++. Why do we have a free C++ compiler? Only because
+the GNU GPL said it had to be free. GNU C++ was developed by an
+industry consortium, MCC, starting from the GNU C compiler. MCC
+normally makes its work as proprietary as can be. But they made the
+C++ front end free software, because the GNU GPL said that was the
+only way they could release it. The C++ front end included many new
+files, but since they were meant to be linked with GCC, the GPL
+did apply to them. The benefit to our community is evident.</p>
+<p>
+Consider GNU Objective C. NeXT initially wanted to make this front
+end proprietary; they proposed to release it as <samp>.o</samp> files,
+and let users link them with the rest of GCC, thinking this might be a
+way around the GPL's requirements. But our lawyer said that this
+would not evade the requirements, that it was not allowed. And so
+they made the Objective C front end free software.</p>
+<p>
+Those examples happened years ago, but the GNU GPL continues
+to bring us more free software.</p>
+<p>
+Many GNU libraries are covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
+License, but not all. One GNU library which is covered by the
+ordinary GNU GPL is Readline, which implements command-line editing.
+I once found out about a nonfree program which was designed
+to use Readline, and told the developer this was not allowed. He
+could have taken command-line editing out of the program, but what he
+actually did was rerelease it under the GPL. Now it is free software.</p>
+<p>
+The programmers who write improvements to GCC (or Emacs, or Bash, or
+Linux, or any GPL-covered program) are often employed by companies or
+universities. When the programmer wants to return his improvements to
+the community, and see his code in the next release, the boss may say,
+“Hold on there—your code belongs to us! We don't want to
+share it; we have decided to turn your improved version into a
+proprietary software product.”</p>
+<p>
+Here the GNU GPL comes to the rescue. The programmer shows the boss
+that this proprietary software product would be copyright
+infringement, and the boss realizes that he has only two choices:
+release the new code as free software, or not at all. Almost always
+he lets the programmer do as he intended all along, and the code goes
+into the next release.</p>
+<p>
+The GNU GPL is not Mr. Nice Guy. It says no to some of
+the things that people sometimes want to do. There are users who say
+that this is a bad thing—that the GPL “excludes”
+some proprietary software developers who “need to be brought
+into the free software community.”</p>
+<p>
+But we are not excluding them from our community; they are choosing
+not to enter. Their decision to make software proprietary is a
+decision to stay out of our community. Being in our community means
+joining in cooperation with us; we cannot “bring them into our
+community” if they don't want to join.</p>
+<p>
+What we <em>can</em> do is offer them an inducement to join. The GNU
+GPL is designed to make an inducement from our existing software:
+“If you will make your software free, you can use this
+code.” Of course, it won't win 'em all, but it wins some of the
+time.</p>
+<p>
+Proprietary software development does not contribute to our community,
+but its developers often want handouts from us. Free software users
+can offer free software developers strokes for the
+ego—recognition and gratitude—but it can be very tempting
+when a business tells you, “Just let us put your package in our
+proprietary program, and your program will be used by many thousands
+of people!” The temptation can be powerful, but in the long run
+we are all better off if we resist it.</p>
+<p>
+The temptation and pressure are harder to recognize when they come
+indirectly, through free software organizations that have adopted a
+policy of catering to proprietary software. The X Consortium (and its
+successor, the Open Group) offers an example: funded by companies that
+made proprietary software, they strived for a decade to persuade
+programmers not to use copyleft. When the Open Group tried to
+<a href="/philosophy/x.html">make X11R6.4 nonfree software</a>, those
+of us who had resisted that pressure were glad that we did.</p>
+<p>
+In September 1998, several months after X11R6.4 was released with
+nonfree distribution terms, the Open Group reversed its decision and
+rereleased it under the same noncopyleft free software license that
+was used for X11R6.3. Thank you, Open Group—but this subsequent
+reversal does not invalidate the conclusions we draw from the fact
+that adding the restrictions was <em>possible</em>.</p>
+<p>
+Pragmatically speaking, thinking about greater long-term goals will
+strengthen your will to resist this pressure. If you focus your mind
+on the freedom and community that you can build by staying firm, you
+will find the strength to do it. “Stand for something, or you
+will fall for anything.”</p>
+<p>
+And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if
+“hard-nosed realists” say that profit is the only
+ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2016/05/07 20:58:49 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/why-free.el-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-free.el-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/why-free.el-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.el-en.html 7 May 2016 20:58:49 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Why Software Should Not Have Owners
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, Why Software Should Not Have Owners" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-free.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Why Software Should Not Have Owners</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it
+easier to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this
+easier for all of us.</p>
+
+<p>
+Not everyone wants it to be easier. The system of copyright gives
+software programs “owners”, most of whom aim to withhold
+software's potential benefit from the rest of the public. They would
+like to be the only ones who can copy and modify the software that we
+use.</p>
+
+<p>
+The copyright system grew up with printing—a technology for
+mass-production copying. Copyright fit in well with this technology
+because it restricted only the mass producers of copies. It did not
+take freedom away from readers of books. An ordinary reader, who did
+not own a printing press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and
+few readers were sued for that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when
+information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with
+others. This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like
+copyright. That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian
+measures now used to enforce software copyright. Consider these four
+practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to
+help your friend.</li>
+
+<li>Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and
+colleagues.</li>
+
+<li>Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people
+are told they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying.</li>
+
+<li>Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people
+such as
+<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>'s
+David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of
+copying any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and
+failing to censor their use.<a href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union,
+where every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying,
+and where individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it
+from hand to hand as samizdat. There is of course a difference: the
+motive for information control in the Soviet Union was political; in
+the US the motive is profit. But it is the actions that affect us,
+not the motive. Any attempt to block the sharing of information, no
+matter why, leads to the same methods and the same harshness.</p>
+
+<p>
+Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power
+to control how we use information:</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li id="name-calling">Name calling.
+
+<p>
+Owners use smear words such as “piracy” and
+“theft”, as well as expert terminology such as
+“intellectual property” and “damage”, to
+suggest a certain line of thinking to the public—a simplistic
+analogy between programs and physical objects.</p>
+
+<p>
+Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about
+whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else. They
+don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something. But the owners
+ask us to apply them anyway.</p></li>
+
+<li id="exaggeration">Exaggeration.
+
+<p>
+Owners say that they suffer “harm” or “economic
+loss” when users copy programs themselves. But the copying has
+no direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one. The owner can
+lose only if the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid
+for one from the owner.</p>
+
+<p>
+A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought
+copies. Yet the owners compute their “losses” as if each
+and every one would have bought a copy. That is exaggeration—to
+put it kindly.</p></li>
+
+<li id="law">The law.
+
+<p>
+Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh
+penalties they can threaten us with. Implicit in this approach is the
+suggestion that today's law reflects an unquestionable view of
+morality—yet at the same time, we are urged to regard these
+penalties as facts of nature that can't be blamed on anyone.</p>
+
+<p>
+This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical
+thinking; it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway.</p>
+
+<p>
+It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong. Every American
+should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many
+states for a black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only
+racists would say sitting there was wrong.</p></li>
+
+<li id="natural-rights">Natural rights.
+
+<p>
+Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have
+written, and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and
+interests concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone
+else—or even those of the whole rest of the world. (Typically
+companies, not authors, hold the copyrights on software, but we are
+expected to ignore this discrepancy.)</p>
+
+<p>
+To those who propose this as an ethical axiom—the author is more
+important than you—I can only say that I, a notable software
+author myself, call it bunk.</p>
+
+<p>
+But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the
+natural rights claims for two reasons.</p>
+
+<p>
+One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects. When I
+cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I
+cannot eat it. His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits
+him; only one of us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one?
+The smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical
+balance.</p>
+
+<p>
+But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly
+and me only indirectly. Whether you give a copy to your friend
+affects you and your friend much more than it affects me. I shouldn't
+have the power to tell you not to do these things. No one should.</p>
+
+<p>
+The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights
+for authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a matter of history, the opposite is true. The idea of natural
+rights of authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US
+Constitution was drawn up. That's why the Constitution only
+<em>permits</em> a system of copyright and does not <em>require</em>
+one; that's why it says that copyright must be temporary. It also
+states that the purpose of copyright is to promote progress—not
+to reward authors. Copyright does reward authors somewhat, and
+publishers more, but that is intended as a means of modifying their
+behavior.</p>
+
+<p>
+The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts
+into the natural rights of the public—and that this can only be
+justified for the public's sake.</p></li>
+
+<li id="economics">Economics.
+
+<p>
+The final argument made for having owners of software is that this
+leads to production of more software.</p>
+
+<p>
+Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach
+to the subject. It is based on a valid goal—satisfying the
+users of software. And it is empirically clear that people will
+produce more of something if they are well paid for doing so.</p>
+
+<p>
+But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption
+that the difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.
+It assumes that <em>production of software</em> is what we want,
+whether the software has owners or not.</p>
+
+<p>
+People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
+experiences with material objects. Consider a sandwich, for instance.
+You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or
+for a price. If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.
+Whether or not you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste,
+the same nutritional value, and in either case you can only eat it
+once. Whether you get the sandwich from an owner or not cannot
+directly affect anything but the amount of money you have afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is true for any kind of material object—whether or not it
+has an owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you
+can do with it if you acquire it.</p>
+
+<p>
+But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and
+what you can do with a copy if you buy one. The difference is not
+just a matter of money. The system of owners of software encourages
+software owners to produce something—but not what society really
+needs. And it causes intangible ethical pollution that affects us
+all.</p></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+What does society need? It needs information that is truly available
+to its citizens—for example, programs that people can read, fix,
+adapt, and improve, not just operate. But what software owners
+typically deliver is a black box that we can't study or change.</p>
+
+<p>
+Society also needs freedom. When a program has an owner, the users
+lose freedom to control part of their own lives.</p>
+
+<p>
+And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
+cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that
+helping our neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they
+pollute our society's civic spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+This is why we say that
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
+is a matter of freedom, not price.</p>
+
+<p>
+The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue
+is real. Some people write useful software for the pleasure of
+writing it or for admiration and love; but if we want more software
+than those people write, we need to raise funds.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods
+of finding funds, with some success. There's no need to make anyone
+rich; a typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are
+less satisfying than programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living
+from custom enhancements of the free software I had written. Each
+enhancement was added to the standard released version and thus
+eventually became available to the general public. Clients paid me so
+that I would work on the enhancements they wanted, rather than on the
+features I would otherwise have considered highest priority.</p>
+
+<p>
+Some free software developers make money by selling support services.
+In 1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that
+about 15 percent of its staff activity was free software
+development—a respectable percentage for a software company.</p>
+
+<p>
+In the early 1990s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas
+Instruments and Analog Devices combined to fund the continued
+development of the GNU C compiler. Most GCC development is still done
+by paid developers. The GNU compiler for the Ada language was funded
+in the 90s by the US Air Force, and continued since then by a company
+formed specifically for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>
+The free software movement is still small, but the example of
+listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a
+large activity without forcing each user to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+program. If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to
+refuse. Cooperation is more important than copyright. But
+underground, closet cooperation does not make for a good society. A
+person should aspire to live an upright life openly with pride, and
+this means saying no to proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other
+people who use software. You deserve to be able to learn how the
+software works, and to teach your students with it. You deserve to be
+able to hire your favorite programmer to fix it when it breaks.</p>
+
+<p>
+You deserve free software.</p>
+
+<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="footnote1">The charges were subsequently dismissed.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2016/05/07 20:58:49 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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